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HISTORY
OF THAT PART OF THE
Susquehanna and Juniata Valleys
EMBRACED IN THE
COUNTIES OF MIFFLIN, JUNIATA, PERRY,
UNION AND SNYDER,
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSY^LVANIA.
IN TV/O VOLUMES.
VOL. I.
PHILADELPHIA:
EVi:UTS. PliCK cV; IMCHAKDS.
1886.
Copyright, 1886, by Everts, Peck & Richards.
RODOERS PRINTING
v'*)'^
PREFACE.
In presenting to its patrons the "History of MifBin,
Juniata, Perry, Union and Snyder Counties,'' in the
Commonwealtli of Pennsylvania — the result of the sys-
tematic labor of trained and capable men, during a pe-
riod of nearly a year and a half, and embodying also the
fruits of many years of toil on the part of several able
students of the local annals — the publishers feel the
gratifying consciousness that they have not merely ful-
filled, but far exceeded all obligations entered upon at
the inception of the work. While they do not arrogate
to themselves, or claim for their staflT of writers, such
infallibility as would be a requisite to the production
of a work absolutely free from trivial and inconsequen-
tial error ; they yet believe implicitly that the volumes
they now place before the people are, in all essential
matters, correct and authentic, and that therefore they
will not only withstand the test of candid, catholic
criticism, but that the character of the History will
grow in the respect of the public, just in proportion as
familiarity with it increases.
The publi.shers announce with sorrow the death of
the chief editor of this work, Franklin Ellis. When
the History <n'hich he begun had almost reached com-
pjetion, the braitt which thought and the hand which
wrought were stilled in death, and his work was con-
cluded, upon the plan he had projected and followed,
by others who in various fields had labored with him
and understood his method and purposes. The earth
chapter of his life closed, not altogether unexpectedly,
nor yet definitely apprehended, at the Cameron
House, in Lewisburgh, Pa., on Monday morning, De-
cember 14, 1885, alter a lengthened illness, of which,
however, the acute and alarming period was quite
brief. So passed away a man remarkable " for general
historical lore, especially of what may be called mod-
ern history; always modest, of retiring disposition,
yet sensible of his value as a -(Writer; tenacious of all
that ia just and right between men." He had labored
as a writer of local liiatorieB for about ten years, and
produced in that period, either wholly or in part — as
writer and editor — a considerable number of works, all
of which rank as standard authorities upon the regions
of which they treat. He was a careful investigator, a
conscientious and chaste writer, logical and perspicu-
ous, and in naught meretricious or superficial. At
the outbreak of the war he was residing in New York,
and went into the Federal service as a member of the
famous Seventh Regiment. Later he re-entered the
army as a lieutenant in the Forty-second New York
Volunteers, but was soon transferred to the Signal
Corps, and attached to General Keyes' staff. He
served at times with General Casey, General Couch,
General "Baldy" Smith, General McClellan, Gen-
eral Hooker and General Sheridan, being with the
latter commander over a year. Afterwards he was
transferred to the West, and served on the staffs of
Generals Rosecrans, Negley and others, — the whole
period of his army life being three years and five
months. He was a native of Massachusetts, born at
Old Dedham (now Norwood), a suburb of Boston, April
27, 1828, and his remains now rest in the cemetery at
his birth-place.
That part of the General History devoted to the
Revolutionary War was taken up from notes left by
the editor-in-chief and completed by Alfred Mat-
thews, of Cleveland, Ohio, of the publishers' corps.
Prominent among the writers engaged upon the pre-
paration of this History from its beginning was
Austin N. Hungerford, of Ithaca, N. Y., whose prac-
tical and varied experience for a period of ten years
was of great value on this work.
In the General History, the chapters upon Geology
(I.) and the Indian tribes of the region (II.) were
respectively the work of Professor George G. Groff
and Professor A. L. Gusa. In the history of MifBin
County the cliapters on Armagh and Brown town-
ships were contributed by John Swartzell; on Union
and Mcnuo, by Miles Haffley ; on Decatur, by S.imuel
PREFACE.
Sterritt; and on Granville, by Walter L. Owen.
The sketch of the McVeytown Presbyterian Church
was contributed by the Rev. E. H. Mateer, and the
sketch of the German Brethren by William Howe and
S. R. Rupert.
In the history of Juniata County the sketches
on the Progress of First Settlements, First Appear-
ance of Geographical Names on the Tax-List,
Negro Slavery and Servitude, and the histories of
the townships of Lack, Tuscarora, Milford, Turbett,
Beale, Spruce Hill and the boroughs of Port Royal
and Patterson were contributed by Professor A. L.
Guss, of Washington, D. C. The sketch of the Bench
and Bar was contributed by A. J. Patterson, Esq.
In the history of Perry County the sketch of
the Bench and Bar was contributed by Hon. B.
F. Junkin ; the sketch of the Medical Profession,
by Dr. James B. Eby. The histories of the town-
ships of Greenwood, Liverpool, Buffalo, Watts,
Howe, Juniata, Oliver, Tuscarora, Miller, and the
boroughs of Newport, Millerstown, Liverpool and
New Buffalo were contributed by Silas Wright;
Toboyne, Jackson and Madison townships by J. R.
Fliokinger; Spring and Carroll townships, by Hor-
ace R. Sheibley ; Penn township and Duncannon bor-
ough, by Professor J. L. McCaskey; Rye township and
Marysville borough, by Dr. G. W. Eppley; Saville,
by E. U. Aumiller, and sketches by J. L. Markel.
In the history of Union County the sketch of
the Bench and Bar, the borough of Lewisburgh
and the townships of Buffalo, East Buffalo,
Union, White Deer, Kelly and Gregg were con-
tributed by J. Merrill Linn, Esq. ; the townships
of Hartley, Lewis, Limestone, West Buffalo, and
the boroughs of Mifflinburg, New Berlin and
Hartleton by R. V. B. Lincoln. In Snyder
County, chapters on the Bench and Bar, the Med-
ical Profession and the townships of Penn, Jackson,
Monroe, Middle Creek and the borough of Selin's
Grove were contributed by Horace Alleman, Esq.;
the townships of Chapman, Washington, Union, Perry
and West Perry and other sketches were contributed
by Professor Daniel S. Boyer ; the information con-
cerning the townships of Centre, Franklin, Beaver,
West Beaver, Adams and Spring and the borough of
Middleburg was gathered by G. C. Gutelius and Dr.
J. Y. Shindel, of Middleburg.
In behalf of the writers of their staff, the publishers
express cordial thanks to the officials of the several
counties, the members of the press, the clergy and all
who have assisted in the furtherance of making this
work an exhaustive and accurate treatise on the region
which has been its province. Especial mention should
be made of some individuals who, through their pos-
session of exclusive or extensive information, have
been enabled to give peculiarly valuable assist-
ance. Among such were William P. Elliot, Gene-
ral Thomas F. McCoy, William McCay, David
Jenkins, Daniel Dull and George Frysinger, of
Mifflin County; Robert McMeen, B. F. Burch-
field. Captain James J. Patterson, J. Stewart
Lukens, James Law, Hugh T. McAlister, General
William Bell and Dr. I. N. Grubb, of Juniata County;
James B. Hackett, James Woods, George A. Smiley,
William A. Sponsler, William Sheibley, James L. Di-
ven and the members of the Historical Society, of
Perry County ; John Blair Linn, Judge John Walls,
Paul Geddes, M. L. Shoch, H. P. Glover and Alfred
Schooley, of Union County ; David Witmer, J. G. L.
Shindel, A. K. Gift and the Rev. J. P. Shindel, of
Snyder County.
The Pdblishers.
CONTENTS OF VOL. I.
GEI^ERAL HISTORY.
Chapter I 1-25
Description of Physical Features and Geology — Botany.
Chapter II 25-53
Early View of the Pennsylvania Interior— The Jnniatii
and Tuscarora Indians— Explorations of the Indian
Traders.
Chapter III 53-83
Indian Purchases — Pioneer Settlements — Indian Mas-
Chapter IV ■ 88-120
The Revolutionary War — Troops Forwarded to the
Continental Army— The Militia— Indian Incursions
and other Local Affairs of the Period — Tories.
Chapter V 120-132
The Five Counties in the War of 1812— Troops in the
Niagara-Chesapeake Campaigns.
Chapter VI 132-151
Mexican War— Prouiiueuce of MifHin County— Sketch
of the Juniata Guards — Other Troops from filiffliu,
Perry and Union Counties.
Chapter VII 151-297
The War for the Union —The Five Counties Represented
in over Seventy Regiments, Batteries and other Organi-
zations— Histories of Regiments and Rosters of the
Troops from MifRin, Juniata, Snyder, Union and Perry
Counties.
Chapter VIII 297-415
The Warforthe Union (Cb'.^tH«ed)— From One Hundred
and First to the Two Hundred and Thirteenth Regi-
ment Militia.
Chapter IX . 415-449
Internal Improvements— The Indian Paths Followed by
the White Man's Roads— The Pennsylvania and other
Railroads within the Five Counties.
MIFFLIJST COUNTY
PAGE
Chapter I •. . . . 449-460
Civil History— Erection of County— Location— Seat of
Justice — Public Buildings— Provision for the Poor —
Rosters of Officials— 17S9 to 1885 - Population.
Chapter II 460-i74
The Bench and Bar -Early Courts— The Lewistown
Riot of 1791 — Biugiupbical Sketches— Rostei-s of Judges
and Attorneys.
Chapter TIT 474-492
Sledical Profession — Early and Late Practitioners —
County Medical Societies.
Chapter IV 492-532
The Borough of Lewistown.
Chapter V 532-561
Derry Township.
Chapter VI 551-579
Armagh Township,
Chapter VII 579-588
Wayne Towusliip.
PAGE
Chapter VIII 588-592
Borough Newton Haniiltnu.
Chapter IX 592-600
Oliver Township.
Chapter X 600-613
Borough McVeytuwn.
Chapter XI 613-616
Bratton Township.
Chapter XII 616-633
Union Township.
Chapter XIII 633-638
Menno Township,
Chapter XIV 638-645
Brown Township.
Chapter XV 645-654
GtuuviUe Township,
Chapter XVI 654-661
Detutur Township.
CONTENTS.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
PAGE
Chapter 1 661-667
Erection and Organization of tlie County — Location of
County Seat— Public Buildings— Eosters of Officials
from 1S31 to 1885.
Chapter II 667-679
Miscellnneous Matters — Progress of Settlement — Oddi-
ties from tbe Old Records— Klectlon Districts— Negro
Slavery.
Chapter III 679-690
Bench and Bar — Judges and Attorneys of tbe Juniata
Courts.
Chapter IV 690-699
jMedical History — Practitioners — Early and Late Home-
opathy.
Chapter V 699-701
County Societies — Agricultural Granges — "N'eterans'
Associations.
Chapter VI 701-727
Boroujjh of Miffliutown.
Chapter VII 727-741
Lack Townsbip.
Chapter VIII ■ . . . 741-749
Tuscarura Township.
Chapter IX 749-773
Slilfurd Township.
Chapter X 773-781
Turbdt Township.
PAGE
Chapter XI 781-791
Beale Township,
Chapter XII. 791-801
Spruce Hill Townsliip.
Chapter XIII 801-805
Port Royal Borough (Perrysville].
Chapter XIV 805-808
Patterson Borough.
Chapter XV 808-832
Fennanagli Township.
Chapter XVI 832-846
Fayette Township.
Chapter XVII 846-865
M'alker Township.
Chapter XVIII 865-874
Delaware Township.
Chapter XIX 874-879
Borough of Tlionipsontowu,
Chapter XX 879-885
Monroe Township.
Chapter XXI 885-891
Greenwood Townsliip.
Chapter XXII 891-894
Susiiuehanna Township.
ILLUSTRATIO:^^S OF VOL. I.
Alexander, James 619
Banks, David 829
Brown, Samuel H 358
Burchfield, Lewis 772
Burns, James 529
Campbell, A. W 623
Close, H. L 570
Contner.D. M 637
Court-House, Juniata County 604:
Court-House, Mifllin County 455
Crawford, D. M 693
Culbertson, James 479
Daris, Charles S 346
Davis, John 530
Dull, Casper 602
Elliott, W. P 508
Evans, S.Owen 869
Guss, A. L 768
Hayes, John, Sr 633
Hassenplug, G. H 257
Hoffman, George S .531
King, Joseph G34
Kinsloe, E. M 591
Kyle, Crawford... 044
Lewlstown, Distant View of. 494
Long, A. B 526
Map of Beading, Howell's i
PAGE
Map, outline part of Juniata and Susquehanna Valleys 1
Map, Geological 13
Means, R. A 545
Metz, J. K _, 485
McDowell, John 575
McKee, Hugh 648
Moore, William A 612
Murphy, Thomas 740
Patterson, John 739
Parker, Andrew 684
Phillips, William M 443
Eobison, J. K 357
Eothrock, Joseph 822
Rothrock, A 477
Selheiraer, John B i60
Smith, 0. P 578
Stambaugh, H. A 819
Stroup, John , 656
Taylor, H. P 621
Taylor, John P igs
Van Valzah, Thomas 48I
Williams, General E. C 2S9
Willis, William 391
Wilson, J. W 629
Worrall, Thomas A 483
Wright, John 795
L Y C 0 M I
C 0 U N "^
OUTLINE
M A T>
>nFFI.LS . Jl XL\TA. PE1\UY.
UNION R SNYDF.K
C'OrXTlF.S
.Eri^iTtl E.rprcss/v tor this Work.
Portion ol:
EcaiUug" Jlo-wiell's
MAP OF PRXNSYLYANIA
I 1792 )
embriichii) , Mi/tliri , Jutiiatii <t-
Pei'i-y I'ouiilu's.
HISTORY
OF THAT PART (IF THE
Susquehanna and Juniata Valleys,
EMBRACED IN THE
COUNTIES OF MIFFLIN, JUNIATA, PERRY,
UNION AND SNYDER,
IN THE
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA.
CHAPTER I.
DESCRIPTION OF PHYSICAL FEATURES AND
GEOLOGY— BOTANY.i
BY GEORGE G. GROFF, M.D.,
Professor of Natural History in the Uoiverttity at Lewisburgli, Pa.
I. POSITION AND GENERAL FEATURES.
The counties of Perry, Juniata, Mifflin, Sny-
der and Union lie near the centre of the State
and on the right bank of the Susquehanna
River, all, excepting Mifflin, resting on the
ri\-er. They form a somewhat irregularly tri-
angular block of land, fifty miles from base to
apex, and fifty miles wide at the widest point,
while a line drawn from the southwest to the
northeast would measure about eighty miles in
length. Of this triangle, Perry County forms
the base, its southern boundary being the Blue
Mountains, which are unbroken by a single
water-gap along the boundary of this county ;
Union forms the apex, the Susquehanna River
the eastern side, while all, except Snyder, form
portions of the western boundary. ISIifflin ex-
tends farthest to the west, Snyder farthest east.
' To the reader who may desire to become acquainted
with the principlea of geology, we recommend Le Conte's
"Elements of Geology," or Dana's "Text-Book of Geo-
logy."
If one rides over these counties in a direction
parallel to the river, he will find the country a
continued succession of rolling mountains with
intervening valleys. Commencing at the south-
ern border of Perry County, we pass from the
Blue Mountains into Sherman's Valley, which
forms the greater portion of that county. The
county really consists of two great troughs,
separated by the arch of Half Falls Mountain.
Each trough is subdivided bv several minor
ridges. The Tuscarora Mountains are passed
and one descends into the trough of Juniata
County. This county consists of one great de-
pression, bounded on the south by Tuscarora
Mountains and on the north by the Blue
Ridge and the Shade Mountains. Mifflin con-
sists of two troughs, separated by Jack's ^loun-
tain, the southern bounded on the south by
the Blue Ridge and the northern limited on the
north by Stone Mountain. The southern val-
ley is Ferguson's and the noi-thern Kishaco-
quillas. Snyder County is penetrated by
Turkey Ridge, Shade and Jack's Mountain^,
between which lie extensions of Turkey Vallev
and the Lewistown Valley. Union Countv is
penetrated on the west by spurs of Jack's
Mountain, Path Valley Mountain, Buffalo
Mountain, Bi-ush, Xittany and White Deor
1
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA?
Mountains, between which lie BuiFalo, White
Doer and White Deer Hole Valleys. These,
with innumerable smaller ranges and valleys,
all extending in the general direction of south-
west and northeast, form the face of the coun-
try. It is to be noted that along the Susque-
hanna River the valleys generally expand into
an open country, but as one proceeds west they
contract, the country becomes broken with in-
numerable ridges, very mountainous, and the
valleys finally terminate abruptly in what are
called " coves." Where the mountains extend
to and are cut by the river, bold bluffs are
formed, as in the case of Blue Mountains,
Cove, Peters, Mahanoy, Berry's, Buffalo, Jack's
and White Deer Mountains, also Blue Hill.
At Duncannon, on the Susquehanna River,
the elevation above the sea is 356 feet, and the
summit of Jack's Mountain, near ]\lount
Union, in western part of MifHin, is 2354 feet,
Lewisburgh is 458 feet above tide-water, and
the western part of Union County about 1500
feet. The fall of the Susquehanna River from
Montgomery Station, just north of the Union
County line, to Marysville, in the southern part
of Perry County, is just 131 feet. The dis-
tance between these points being sixty miles,
the fall is two feet to the mile.
It will thus be seen that the country slopes
in two directions, — first, a rapid slope from the
west toward the Susquehanna River, and from
the north, south along the river. The drainage
of the whole region is toward the Susquehanna
River, and all the streams flow to the east to-
wards this river, except those which enter the
Juniata, this river forming a secondary drain-
age system. The waters of the Juniata, how-
ever, fall into the Susquehanna. The streams
draining the region, commencing on the south,
are Sherman's Creek, Juniata Creek, West Ma-
hantango Creek, Middle Creek, Penn's Creek,
Buffalo Creek, White Deer Creek, White Deer
Hole Creek and their tributaries.
This broken and diversified country has much
beautiful mountain and valley sceneiy and much
rich valley soil.
II. MINERALS.
Minerals and rocks form the hard exterior of
the earth. Minerals are homogeneous and con-
sist of but one material, while rocks often con-
sist of several ingredients or materials. Thus,
quartz and galena are minerals, while limestone
and granite are rocks. Minerals and rocks
pass, however, insensibly into each other.
These counties are not noted for diversified
mineral wealth. They all possess iron ore,
limestone, sandstone and building-stone, but
nothing more of mineral wealth. The follow-
ing is a list of the minerals which have been
detected in this region, with a short description
of each :
Barite (heavy spar, sulphate of barium). —
This mineral has been noticed one mile north of
Fort Littleton, in Mifflin County, in veins in
limestone. It is a white mineral and vcrif heavy,
by which character it is easily recognized. In
composition it is a sulphate of barium (BaSOi),
and is in great quantities used to adulterate
white lead. Valueless here.
Caloite (carbonate of lime). — This is a soft,
brittle and generally white or pink-colored
mineral, found forming veins in limestone, or
crystallized in cavities in that rock. In com-
position it is the same as marble or pure crys-
talline limestone (CaCO.,). It has been deposited
where found, from solution, it being freely
soluble in water containing carbonic acid. It
has no value here.
Chalcanthite (copper sulphate). — This
mineral has been detected in small quantities as
an efflorescence, on the rocks at Blue Hill, op-
posite Northumberland. It is of a powdery
form, light blue in color, and freely soluble in
water, with a metallic taste. AVhen dissolved
in w^ater, it makes a blue solution, and if into
this solution a piece of clean iron or steel is
thrust, it will be coated with copper. It is in
too small quantity to be of any value. Com-
position, CuS04-f-7H20.
Coal. — This valuable mineral has been de-
tected in a number of places in the district, in
tiie Devonian rocks, in seams from one-eighth
to one-half inch to one foot, or, as has been re-
ported in Perry County, three feet. There is a
seam about one-fourth of an inch thick in the
rocks of Blue Hill, opposite Northumberland,
in Union County. In Perry County it is
PHYSICAL FEATURES.
found at Duncannou, where there are two
seams, one ten and the other thirty inches thick ;
ia the end of Berry Mountain, in Buffalo
township, where there is a seam said to be
three feet thick ; near Little Germany a vein
three inches thick, and at numerous points in
Buffalo, Berry and Cove Mountains small seams
have been detected. The coal is, however, all
soft, easily crumbles, and contains a large per
cent, of ash, as the following analysis shows :
Volatile matter 14.38
Fixed carbon 48.28
Sulphur 32
Ash 36.44
There has been a good deal of money wasted
in this district, especially in Perry County, in a
vain search for coal ; many persons blindly
persisting that there must be mineral wealth in
all mountains, since these can be good for no-
thing else. Our present knowledge of geology
leads us to fully believe that no workable coal-
beds will ever be found in these counties. The
rea.son is as follows : Most of the coal of the
world occurs in the rocks of one age, called the
carboniferoits. In the rocks below the carbon-
iferous, coal has never yet been found in beds
which are workable, though large workable de-
posits exist above the carboniferous. Now, all
the known rocks of these counties are in the
series below the carboniferous : hence, coal can-
not be expected here, and all money spent in
search of it will be simply wasted.
Clay. — Clay suitable for brick-making can
be found in most of the valleys of our district.
Clay results originally from the decomposition
of granite rocks and when pure is called kaolin.
It is found in many rocks, as limestones and
.shales in varying quantity, and when the.se de-
compose the clay is set free. Heavy, wet soils
contain too much clay. When clay is burned
it beccjmes red, because the iron in it before
burning is in the form of a colorless c^u'bonate,
which, in burning, lo.ses its carbonic acid and
becomes the red oxide.
Fluorite (fluor spar, fluoride of lime). —
This is a soft, purple or greenish mineral crys-
tallizing in cubes, and associated with adcite in
limestone. It has been observed at Dale's Hill,
in Union County. With us it has no commer-
cial value, though fine crystals are highly prized
for cabinet specimens, and in P^ngland it is
sometimes used as a flux in smelting ores.
Crystals of great beauty are found in Cornwall,
England. Composition, calcium fluoride, CaF.
Gai.exa (PbS, sulphide of lead). — This
mineral has been detected in the Helderljurg
(Lewistown) limestone, in Northumberland
County, below Sunbury, and has been noticed
in the .same formation in Snyder, Union, Perry
and other counties. It may exist in paying
quantities, but no good deposits have yet been
found. Galena is a soft, lead-gray mineral,
with metallic lustre, brilliant, cry.stallizes in
cubes, and when struck with a hammer, cleaves
into more or less perfect cubes. Galena usually
occui-s in j)ockets in limestone associated with
calcite and fluorite. The only depo.sits in our
country now profitably worked are in Missouri,
Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin.
Geodes. — These are hollow pebbles or boul-
ders of quartz .studded on the inside with crys-
tals. They occur of large size and great beauty
at various places in the Mississippi Valley.
Small ones have been observed in Tyrone town-
ship. Perry County. C'alcareous geodes have
been found in Lewisburgh, Union County.
Iron Ores. — In this district are found a
number of the ores of iron, some of them in
valuable deposits, though at present (1885) the
low price of the metal has almost stopped the
production of ores. The principal ores are
hematite, called also " fossil ore " and " block
ore ; " limoiiitc, called also " brown hematite,"
" pipe ore " and " honey-comb ore," and when
very soft, " yellow ochre," (also called " bog
ore ") ; siderite, or the carbonate of iron ; rae-
lanferite, or " green vitriol ; " and iron pyrites,
" pyrites," or '' fool's gold."
Hematite and limouite are the only ores wortli
working in this district, though there are hun-
dreds of deposits of these ores which it will
never pay to mine. Pyrites, melanterite and
siderite are here practically worthless.
As iron is widely distributed in tiiese coun-
ties, and many persons who own properties on
which there is some show of ore are anxious to
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
know whether or not it will pay to open mines,
the following points are suggested for careful
consideration before any money is spent in dig-
ging:
1. The price of the ore delivered at the furnaces.
2. The cost of hauling to the furnaces.
3. The thickness of the bed.
4. The quality of the ore and yield of iron.
5. Cleanness of the ore, — freedom from clay, sand
or shale.
6. Supply of water for working, if this is neces-
sary.
7. The cost of mining, difficulties in mining, etc.
To tiiese earefiil attention should be paid in
all mineral exploration.
Iron ore occurs in most of the formations in
these counties, but there are three horizons in
which it has been mined with profit — i. e., in
the Clinton, Marcellusand Hamilton beds. The
Clinton beds furnish the valuable fossil ore.
hematite, of Perry, ^Mifflin and Juniata Counties.
This ore is found in large deposits near Millers-
town, in Perry County, at Dry Valley, in
Union, and elsewhere. The following is an an-
alyisis of the Millerstown ore by Mr. A. S.
McCreath, of the Second Geological Survey :
Sesquioxide of iron 78.571
Sesquioxide of manganese 021
Alumina 4.927
Lime 510
Sulphuric acid 213
Phosphoric acid 1.502
Water and organic matter 6.015
Silicious matter 8.017
99.776
These Clinton hematites are derived from
the decomposition of a " hard-fossil ore," which,
in many cases, is little more than a ferruginous
carbonate of lime, as the following analysis of
an ore from near Millerstown will show :
Iron 640
Phcsphorus 065
Lime 41.730=74.518 carb. lime
Silicious matter 10.880
Hematite is always distinguished from other
ores by producing a red or reddish .streak when
rubbed upon a piece of unglazed porcelain.
" Brown hematite," or limouite, is distin-
guished by producing a yellow streak when
rubbed on unglazed porcelain. It is the pipe
ore of all these counties. It occurs principally
in the Marcellus formation. It has been mined
near Newport, New Bloomfield and other places
in Perry County and probably in all the other
counties. Analyses of this ore by Mr. A. S.
McCreath show :
Sesquioxide of iron 50.285 61.143
Sesquioxide of manganese... .051 .072
Alumina 5.101 2.9.37
Lime 1.070 .650
Magnesia 342 .288
Sulphuric acid trace .107
Phosphoric acid 146 .176
Water and organic matter... 7.465 9.980
Silicious matter 35.540 24.640
100.000 99.993
In the Hamilton beds the ore is fossil (hema-
tite). There has been observed in Perry, Union,
and probably in the other counties, narrow
veins of a red specular hematite. This is a very
pure and excellent ore, but the seams are un-
fortunately, narrow, not more than two to four
inches wide and flanked by hard rock. An
analysis shows it to be, —
Metallic iron 60.200
Metallic manganese 050
Sulphur 016
Phosphorus 036
A peculiarity of this ore, as found in Union
County, is that it is decidedly unctuous to the
touch.
Sidcrite (carbonate of iron) has been observed
three miles we.st of New Bloomfield. It is a
grayish-blue rock and gives a gray streak. Re-
quiring roasting, it is not so valuable as other
ores. It is the ore generally found associated
with coal-beds.
3Ielanterite (iron sulphate) has been observed
as an efflorescence on the rocks at Blue Hill,
opposite Northumberland, where it results from
the oxidization of the pyrites in the rocks. It
is of a bluish-green color, is soluble and has aa
astringent taste. The deposits in this district
are of no value.
Iron Pyrites is a widely disseminated min-
eral. It is found in most limestones in small
quantity; it occurs sometimes in great abundance
with coal, and in this district generally in the
PHYSICAL FEATURES.
I
Hamilton black shales. It often occurs in
beautiful cubical, octahedral or dodecahedral
crystals. In coal it occurs in fiat bands, some-
times of grciit beauty. In the Hamilton shales
it occurs in the form of black, rounded nodules.
These in places are so numerous as to form
the bulk of the strata. When these nodules are
broken open, they are often found to be formed
about a shell or some other organic matter. In
a well in Lewisburgh, Union County, which
penetrated this shale, great numbers of very
beautiful shells, fossilized in iron pyrites, were
found. In this district the mineral is of no
value, though it is used elsewhere as a source of
sulphur and in the manufacture of sulphuric
acid.
Iron pyrites when exposed to the action of
the atmosphere or water, rapidly oxidizes
forming iron sulphate, and sometimes sul-
phuric acid. This acid sometimes appears
in spring water, forming an acid spring; at other
times it unites with alumina, forming an alum
clay or alum shale. In the same way as iron
pyrites undergoes changes when exposed to the
atmosphere, so do the other ores of iron, and
indeed almost all rocks and minerals. The
fossil ores are, near the surface, soft and easily
worked ; but if the vein dips rapidly, admitting
water, they quickly pass into the hard calcif-
erous ore. So the soft surface limonites, at
greater depths, become hard carbonates.
Ochre. — There are two ochres found in
various places in this district, — the red and the
yellow. Ochres are iron ores more or less im-
pure, in the form of powder, or are at
least easily reduced to powder. Eed ochre is in
composition the same as hematite, while yellow
ochre is a limonite. Both are used as pigments
under the name of " mineral paint."
The Formation of Iron Bedx. — Iron is an
element of almost universal distriliution in
nature. In plants it forms the coloring matter
in the leaves. In animals it is the coloring
material of the l>lood and skin, and in the earth
it colors soils and rocks red, green and yellow.
In soils and rocks it exists in the form of the
insoluble sesquioxide. But whenever any or-
ganic matter decays in the presence of the ses-
quioxide, as do plants and animals at all times,
the sesquioxide is transformed into iron car-
bonate. The carbonate is soluble in water,
and is slowly washed from the soil into the low-
lands and swamps, where it is deposited as a
carbonate so long as carbonic acid is present
from organic decay; but when decay ceases, the
carbonic acid gradually escapes and the ore be-
comes again an oxide. Hence, iron is formed
in beds or seams, and not in veins, as are the
precious metals. The heaviest and most valu-
able deposits of iron in all the world occur in
the oldest rocks, — i. e., those called Archtean. Of
this age are the celebrated deposits of Norway
and Sweden, of Michigan, Xortheru New Jersey
and British America, of Iron Mountain andPilot
Knob, in Missouri, and the great beds recently
discovered in Utah, said in some places to be
six hundred feet thick, solid, pure, magnetic
oxide.
Formerly, when iron was reduced from its
ores by means of charcoal fires, there were nu-
merous furnaces throughout this district, which
were supplied with ores from deposits near at
hand. But when coal became the fuel, char-
coal furnaces went out of use, and at the
present time few furnaces are in operation, and
these only along the lines of the railroads, while
the production of ore has ceased, except where
directly along the lines of rail transportation.
Kaolin. — This is a soft, white, pla.stic ma-
terial found on Jack's Mountain, in Hartley
township,Union County, and probably elsewhere
in the mountains. It is the basis of brick clay.
When pure and free from iron, it will burn of
a beautiful white color, and is used in the man-
ufacture of porcelain. It is not probable that
any kaolin in this district is free from iron, and
hence it is only of value in the manufacture of
the cheaper varieties of earthenware.
M.XLACHITE (carbonate of copper). — This ore
is of a green color, and exi,«ts in small quanti-
ties in the rocks of Blue Hill, opposite North-
umberland. The deposit there is of no value,
and it probably will ne\-er be found anywhere
in the district in body sufficient to work with
jjrofit. The only copper deposits in the United
States now found profitable to \\ork are those
in the northern portion of Michigan.
Quartz. — This mineral is abundant in all
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
these counties and under many different forms.
When pure and crystallized, it occurs in glassy
six-sided crystals often terminated at both ends
by six-sided pyramids. It is very hard, cutting
glass readily. It is insoluble, infusible and
without any cleavage. Quartz is the basis of
sandstone, the grains of sand being rounded pieces
of quartz. It exists massive in veins in limestone,
shales and other rocks, where it can always be
distinguished by its hardness. It forms all our
beds of flint, hornstone and chert. Elsewhere
quartz is found as amethyst, false topaz, rock
crystal, smoky quartz. Cape jNIay and California
diamonds,— forms to some extent valued in jew-
elry. It is the most abundant mineral in
nature.
Saxd. — Some of the Oriskany sand rocks in
Juniata County are easily crumbled into sand,
which, from its purity, has been found valuable
in glass-making, and quarries are now (1885)
in operation at McVeytown and near Lewis-
town, the sand from which is being shipped to
Pittsburgh and elsewhere. Over one hundred
car-loads a day have been taken from these
quarries. An analysis shows the following
composition :
Silica (SiO,) 98.84
Alumina 17
Oxide of iron 34
Oxide of manganese trace
Lime ''
Magnesia "
Loss on ignition 23
99.58
Sulphur. — This mineral has been observed
as a delicate efflorescence around some sulphur-
etted hydrogen springs in Toboyne township.
Perry County. It is recognized by its yellow color
and burning with a blue flame and the odor of
a burning match. The deposit is entirely too
small to be of any value.
Springs — Mineral. — On Sherman's Creek, in
Spring township. Perry County, are what are
known as " the Warm Springs." They are
beautifully situated under a high ridge of Ham-
ilton sandstone and are much frequented by pic-
nic-parties from the surrounding country. The
amount of water poured forth is so great that
they seem more like underground streams issu-
ing from the ground than regular springs. The
water is considerably warmer than that in any
other springs in the vicinity. Professor E. W.
Claypole, on October 27, 1883, found the tem-
perature of the water as follows :
East Spring.... , 03° Fahr.
Middle Spring 61°
West Spring 60°
On the same day the temperature of tlie
water in Falling Spring, three miles distant,
was, according to the same observer, 55° Fahr.
In Toboyne township, Periy County, have been
observed several springs whose ^vaters bring to
the surface sulphuretted hydrogen gas, which is
recognized by its fetid odor, like that of de-
cayed eggs. This is produced in the interior of
the earth from the sulphur in iron pyrites, or by
the decomposition of organic matter. This
water is the same as that of the celebrated
Clifton Springs in New York and some of the
mineral si)rings of Virginia, at which places the
water is considered as of medicinal value.
Bridge's Mineral Springs. — In Mifflin County,
on the banks of Jack's Creek, near Painter's
Station, Sunbury and Lewistown Railroad, in a
very romantic situation, are located these spi"ings,
said to possess medicinal properties. The waters
are said to be bitter and unpleasant to the taste
and to contain muriate and carbonate of lime
and soda, sulphide of sodium, sulphate of mag-
nesia, with traces of alum and sulphuretted
hydrogen. A large hotel has been erected, and
those afflicted with chronic diseases are invited
to come and partake of tlie life-giving waters-
It is altogether likely that the mountain air,
good table board and cheerful company will
here cure many troubles which have long i-e-
sisted persistent drugging, and this without
much use of the medicinal waters.
Iron Springs (chalybeate waters) are numerous
in many parts of this district. The .soil near
the spring is discolored by a red or yellow floc-
culent deposit of iron oxide. If such water be
collected in a glass vessel, it is at first beautifully
colorless, but in a short time it becomes filled
with a muddine.ss, caused by the oxidation of
the iron in the water, which issues from the
earth in a colorless state.
PHYSICAL FEATURES.
The ordinary springs of tiie county all issue
from the earth carrying in solution a considera-
ble amount of mineral matters, as will be dis-
cussed under erosion. Those waters which con-
tain a large amount of lime or magnesia are
" hard," because these minerals curdle soap.
Waters from limestones and many shales are
" hard," while that from hard sand-rocks is
generally very pure and " soft," containing little
mineral matter.
III. ROCKS.
We will consider the rocks of this district
under three heads, —
1 . The diifercnt kinds ; 2. The soils pro-
duced by their decomposition ; 3. The geological
ages.
The rocks which make up the great bulk of
our formations are limestones, sandstones, shales,
with small amounts of schists and trap-rocks.
These, and boulders, conglomerates, breccias,
flagstones, etc., will be described and their uses
pointed out so far as they have any known.
Classification of Rocks. — Geologists place
all known rocks in three great classes, viz.,
sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous. The first
are the sediments of ancient seas, lakes, etc., the
second class has been formed from the first
through the action of heat, while in the third
class is placed all volcanic lavas. In Central
Pennsylvania all our rocks give evidence that
they are made of fragments collected together
under water. This is true of all limestones,
shales and sandstones. The only exception to
this general rule are the trap-rocks of Perry
County, which are igneous in origin.
Limestone. — This valuable rock forms only
a comparatively small portion of the surface of
our district and belongs hci-c to two different
ages, — the Trenton and the Lower Helderberg,
or Lewistowu. This rock forms the floor of the
Cumberland, Lebanon and the great Shenan-
doah Valley, and. by its decomposition has
produced tlieir great fertility. Limestones may
be divided into three classes, depending upon
their ciiemical composition, —
1. The pure calcium carbonates; 2. The
double carbonates of cidcium and magnesium ;
3. The impure stones containing silica and clay
and exiled water-limes.
The following analyses of stones from Mifflin
County will show how tiie varieties differ :
I'vire Magnesian Water
LiinestoDe. Limestoue. Lime.
Carbonate of lime 97.G51 54.285 G0.214
Carbonate of magnesia 1.131 .3G.109 1.664
Oxides of iron and alumina .426 1.422 5.384
Sulphur 0.34 .151 .000
Phosphorus (139 .011 .068
Insol. residue 760 8.010 31.520
100.041 99.788 99.850
Limestone has been formed from organic re-
mains, probably almost always. Much is the result
of cora^ growth, as may be seen at Dale's Hill and
uear^ Mifflinburg, in Union County. At other
times it is formed entirely of molluscan shells,
and again in places it is formed of the skeletons
of crinoids, as in a bed at Lewisburgh, Union
County (farm of Mr. J. W. Shreiner). Limestone
is brought to the surface in solution in many
spring waters and has sometimes been deposited
from these waters in beds, more or less stratified,
called travertine. But most of the earth's great
beds of limestone are fussiliferous and produced
by .sea animals ; hence, wherever we find a bed
of limestone we can be quite sure the sea once
rolled.
Limestone may be of all colors, from pure
white (marble) to black, and from pure to very
impure, from a firm hard rock to the softest
chalk. Its principal varieties are blue, gray,
black, etc,, named from its colors, red and yel-
low colors being due to iron oxides, and black
and gray to carbonaceous materials, for these
burn white; it is called " fossiliferous," when
containing fossils ; " coral," when formed of
coral ; " crinoidal," when full of crinoid stems.
" Bird's-eye " limestone is so-called from bright,
sparkling crystalline spots the size of a bird's
eye ; silicious limestone, when containing silica.
Chalk is soft limestone generally made of micro-
scopic shells of sea animals. ^larl is generally
largely composed of shells, and hence, similar to
limestone in composition. Tufa is a porous
limestone made by deposits of lime by spring
water over mosses, etc. Marble is purified
limestone, which has been crystallized. It is
all crystallized, though not always pure. There
is no marble in our district. In Tyrone township.
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Perry Couuty, and west of Lewisburgh, Uuion
County, a rock made of rougli, angular fragments
of limestone has been observed. Such rocks of
angular fragments are called breccia.
Caverns, " sink-holes " and " sinking springs "
occur in limestone regions and need some ex-
planation. These phenomena are only seen in
limestone regions. The explanation is as fol-
lows :
Limestone is, to a considerable extent, soluble
in rain-water, esj^ecially when tliis contains car-
bonic acid gas in solution, as all rain-water does.
Now, different strata and different parts of the
same strata are of different degrees of hardness
and of resisting power to the solvent action of
■water. The result is that rain-water, sinking
deeper and deeper into the earth, eats its way
through the limestone strata, until finally it
forms an underground channel for itself. Some-
times, owing to a peculiarity in the rock or to
other conditions, a cavern is hollowed out, while
at other times the stream seems to only wear
out a narrow underground channel. All lime-
stone regions are full of small caverns made in
the way described, but sometimes they become of
great extent, as the celebrated Mammoth Cave,
in Kentucky, Luray and Weyer's, in Virginia,
and others equally celebrated. In Pennsylvania
there are interesting caverns in Centre and
Berks Counties. In these caverns the forma-
tions hanging from the roof are called stalactites,
those rising from the floor, stalagmites, while
the mass spread over the floor is called traver-
tine.
The first are formed in the following way :
As the water comes through the roof of the
cavern it carries a load of lime in solution, but
ou reaching the air in the cavern a portion of
the carbonic acid in the water evaporates and
some of the lime is deposited. Stalactites are
often hollow, because evaporation takes place
on the outside of the water forming the stalactite.
Stalagmites are formed in the same general
way.
Sink-holes are produced by a falling of the
soil into caverns beneath. They are found in
all limestone regions, and generally are produced
in wet seasons. Where a number occur in one
place, or in a linear series, they indicate the po-
sition of the cavern beneath. In this way the
Luray caverns, in Virginia, were discovered,
and finally sold for $40,000. In Kentucky it
is estimated that there are not less than one
hundred thousand miles of underground streams.
Several such are known near Lewisbiu'gh, in
Uuion Couuty.
There are small caves at Dale's Hill, and at
Winfield, Union County.
The Uses of Limestone. — This is one of our
most valuable rocks, and, when it decomposes,
it forms our richest soil. It is valuable for
building purposes, for burning into lime, which
is used in building and various manufactories,
and as a fertilizer ; also some varieties are used
to make hydraulic cement. When limestone is
burned it loses about one-half of its weight,
\\hich escapes as carbonic acid gas, and, at the
same time, becomes of a lighter color. In this
condition (quicklime) it has a greater affinity for
water, and is of an acrid, caustic nature, eating
into the flesh when handled. When exposed to
the air it falls into a dry, mealy powder, called
air-slaked lime ; but, when water is added, it
unites with the water, jjroducing great heat and
forming lime-hydrate or lime-cream. This, if
exposed to the air, hardens, and, slowly absorb-
ing carbonic acid, returns to the form of the
original carbonate. Mortars slowly change to
carbonate.
In reference to its use as a fertilizer there is
a great difference of opinion among practical
farmers, whose opinions are to be received with
respect ; but this is observed — that whereas
formerly lime was used in great quantities, at
the present time comparatively little of it is
used. Its chemical action is believed to be to
act upon organic matter already in the soil, and
to make this more easily obtained by the grow-
ing crop. It thus adds nothing to the soil — only
enables the crop to get more of what is there
out. This is the belief in reference to it at the
present time. It will be seen by this that lime
may be used on limestone soil as well as ou any
other, and also that the use of pulverized, un-
burnt limestone can be of no value, since this
has no power of acting upon organic matter.
Also, lime long burut and expo.sed to the air
and rain, so that it is largely transformed back
PHYSICAL FEATURES.
to the carbonate, can be of little value, for it
is only caustic lime which is of value here.
But there are some conditions in which lime is
of real value on the soil. One of these is where
the land is heavy and sour with humic acids.
These the alkaline lime neutralizes, and thus
improves the soil ; also, soils which contain
silicate of potash, if limed, the silica unites
with the lime, setting the potash free in the
form of a carbonate — one of the most valuable
of plant-foods. Such soils are benefited by
lime. " Fat" or " hot " limes come from pure
limestones free from magnesia, while "cool" or
" lean " lime, preferred by builders, comes from
stone containing magnesia.
When a limestone containing a large amount
of silica and clay is burned, it does not crumble,
as does pure lime ; but if the stone is crushed to
a powder, and then mixed with water, it has the
property of uniting witii the water and resetting
into a hard, durable rock, and this it will do
even under M'ater. This is " water-lime."
Sueh limestone is found at various points in
Perry, Juniata, Mifflin, and probably in Snyder
and Union Counties.
Sandstones. — These rocks are abundant in
nearly all parts of the world and in our district.
They are of all colors, from a nearly white,
througla gray, to deep red, or even sometimes
black. Sandstones consist of grains of sand,
produced at a former age of the world, just as
sand is now produce;!, and afterwards cemented
into a solid rock. The cementing material is
either carbonate of lime or iron oxide. If the
former, tiie stone will crumble in time, for the
cementing material is soluble ; but if the latter,
the stone is very durable, for both the sand and
the iron are very uncliangeable. Some sand-
stones are, however, porous, and absorbing
water, this in winter-time freezes and spawls off
the stone. All sandstone should be tested by
immersion in water to see if it becomes heavier.
If it does, it is not a safe stone to use in ex|)en-
.sive buildings.
The principal varieties of sand-rock are named,
from a prominent or ciiaracteristic constituent,
siiicioiis, caloareous, aluminous, ferruginous,
aniillaceous, c/ranitic, micaceous, and from their
.structure, fp'itty, friable, laminated, concretion-
ary, shaly, conglomierate, chcrty. Sandstones
are valuable for building purposes, but disin-
tegrate into poor, thin soils.
Shales. — These are rocks of a soft, rotten
kind, which generally readily disintegrate into
.soil, and have a marked tendency to cleave
parallel to the bedding of the rock. They in-
sensibly pass into limestones on one hand, and
into sandstones on the other. These rocks are
very abundant in almost all parts of this dis-
trict, forming a great part of the outcrops and
of the soils. Many of them are red, as the Clin-
ton and Onondaga shales ; the Hamilton are
black, while the Chemung shales are generally
gray. The shales associated with the coal-
seams are black througii tiie presence of carbon-
aceous matter. From characteristic constitu-
ents, shales are named clayey, alum, silicious,
calcareous, ferruginous, bituminous, oily, etc.
Shales are doubtless hardened mud-beds.
Slates and Schists. — These rocks, com-
mon elsewhere, do, not exist, so far as known, in
this section. They are often confounded with
shales, and will hence here be defined. Slates
are rocks, which may in general aj)pearance re-
semble shales, but they are firmer, and the
cleavage is vertical to the bedding, and not par-
allel, as in shales, — i. e., shales cleave thus, ~ZI ;
while slates thus, ||{|. Schists are crystalline
rocks. They are bright and sparkling from
crystalline particles, and are often full of dis-
tinct crystals They are abundant in the south-
eastern part of the State. Slates and schists are
doubtless transformed shales, and thus remotely
beds of consolidated mud.
Trap-Rocks. — In Perry County are found
narrow strips of a dark, heavy, tough rock,
called " trap." It is believed to be a lava which
has is.sued from the interior of the earth in some
past age. They are found in the extreme east-
ern part of the county, near Keystone Post-
Office, Duncannon, and at Montgomery Station,
crossing the Susquehanna Eiver into Dauphin
County. There ai'c several narrow belts of the
rock, sometimes not more than four feet in
width. The rock is distinguisiied by its color,
weight and toughness. The belts cut tiie moun-
tain ranges nearly at rigiit angles. There seems
to be no overflow of tlie lava, only a filling up
10
JUxNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
of the cracks or fissures in the rocks. Such
veins of lava are called " dykes," and are com-
mon in many parts of our country. Thus there
is a narrow belt of trap-rocks extending from
Virginia through Maryland, Pennsylvania, New
York to Connecticut and Massachusetts. Much
of the mineral wealth of these States is along
this region. Mounts Tom and Holyoke, in
Massachusetts, and the Highlands of the Hud-
son River are of this kind of rock. The
grandest eruptions of this kind known are
found in the northwestern part of the Union, in
Oi'egon, Washington, Montana and adjacent
territories, where some forty thousand square
miles are covered with lava, from one thousand
to six thousand feet in depth.
Flagstones. — Any rock which will cleave
readily into thin slabs, which can be used for
paving purposes, is called a flagstone. Such
rocks are found near Lewistown, Juniata Coun-
ty, where there is a limestone yielding very
good flags ; and also near Liverpool, where
thei'e is a sandstone quarried for tlie same pur-
pose.
Conglomerates. — Along the Susquehanna
River, and sometimes in the valleys and moun-
tains, rocks are found which are formed of peb-
bles of a considerable size, cemented together.
When the pebbles are rounded the rock is
called a "conglomerate" or "pudding-stone." A
conglomerate called the " millstone grit" under-
lies the coal measures of Eastern Pennsylvania,
and it is from the coal regions that the rock
comes which we find along the river. It is the
same in nature as a sandstone, but with larger
grains. When the pebbles in a conglomerate
are angular, it is called a breccia.
BoiTLDERS. — These are rounded rocks gener-
ally found loose in the soil, or detached from
other rocks. Most boulders show that their
forms are due to the action of running water,
though many are formed where found by the
action of the weather rounding off all the sharp
edges and angles. Boulders are often found far
removed from the place of their origin. Thus,
in the alluvial bottoms of the Susquehanna
River we find boulders which have been trans-
ported for miles from the mountains at its
head. So also in Buffalo Valley, Union Coun-
ty, are found buried in the soil numerous sand-
stone boulders, which have come from the
mountains some miles distant.
Stone Slides. — On mountain-sides are
often seen considerable areas covered so closely
and so deeply with loose stones and rocks that
no trees or shrubs can find a foothold. How
were these produced ? At such places there
were originally projecting rocks and crags,
which, through the action of the atmospheric ele-
ments, especially of frost, have been broken up
and their fragments tumbled down the moun-
tain-side. That this is the true explanation
can be shown from a careful inspection of these
slides, when, often, remains of the original crag
may still be detected. The action of the ele-
ments still continues making the stones smaller
year by year.
IV. soils.
The unconsolidated earthy material found in
most places covering the rocks of the dry land
is called soil. The dark, rich surfiice of the
soil, which contains more or less of the products
of decomposition of animal and vegetable tis-
sues is known as mould or humus, while subsoil
is that part of the soil where there is little, or no,
organic matter. It is usually lighter colored
and more clayey than the upper parts ijf the
soil.
Origin of Soils. — -All soils originate from
the decomposition of rocks. The agents pro-
ducing this decomposition are the mechanical
and chemical elements of the atmosphere. Of the
former, frost, and of the latter, oxygen, carbonic
acid, water and humic acids are the prime act-
ing agents. That soils are produced from the
underlying rocks can be seen by any one who
will attentively examine the cuttings along the
line of any railroad. (1) The soil will be seen
to pass insensibly into the rock below. First
mould, then soil, then subsoil, then friable rock,
then harder and harder rock, until it becomes
valuable building rock at perhaps many feet
below the surface. (2) Oftentimes one small
vein of rock is harder than the others, as a
quartz vein in limestone or granite, and it will
remain imchanged while the others will pass
into soil ; and this vein can thus be traced from
PHYSICAL FEATURES.
11
the perfect soil into the originul imchauged
rock. (3) The composition of" most soils is so
nearly like the rocks below that we cannot
doubt but that they were formed from the rocks.
All have observed that soils on a hillside are
not so deep as those in valleys. The explana-
tion of this is that on hillsides the soil is con-
stantly washing into the lowlands, there accu-
mulating, while the rocks on the hills are
denuded. Those soils which remain just where
formed may be called atmosphcrir soils ; those
found at the mouths of rivers and along their
banks, transported from a distance, may be
called alluvial soils ; those on the seashore, cast
up by the waves, littoral soils ; and those gravelly
soils so common in the Northwest, and probably
in our own Pennsylvania valleys, supposed to
have been produced by glacial action, are known
as drift soils.
In reference to the way in which the elements
act to decompose rocks, it may be briefl}^ stated :
(1) Water enters the natural crevices in rocks,
or into the pores of porous rocks, and freezing,
expands and cracks off chips and slabs. This
process is repeated indefinitely until some rocks
become fine soil. This can excellently be seen
along the line of any new railroad, where fresh
rock surfaces are abundantly exposed to atmos-
pheric action. (2) In nature, oxygen and water
are great destroyers. These substances enter
into combination with such substances in rocks
as iron protoxide, iron sul})hide, etc., and in the
production of new compounds the cohesive
power existing between the particles is overcome
and the rock crumbles to pieces. Water acts
much in the same way as oxygen, giving up its
contained oxygen to the rocks. Carbonic acid
is, however, our principal rock-destroyer and
soil-former. Our limestones, sandstones and
shales have their constituent particles cemented
together by carbonate of lime. This is soluble
in water containing carbonic acid. Hence, just
as fast as atmospheric water can penetrate these
rocks they crumble into soil. In some places the
change has extended to great depths.
Fertility of Different Soils. — Lime-
gtonea the world over produce the rich soils. It
is this rock which makes so valuable the soils
of our great Pennsylvania valleys. Sandstones
and conglomerates generally produce a thin,
light, "poor" soil, though not always. These .soils
are often susceptible of great development
through proper use of fertilizers. Shales pro-
duce soils of varying fertility. Red shales in
Central Pennsylvania generally decompose into
a very good soil ; black shales vary, some mak-
iqg a very sterile soil, and others a soil of .some
value. Gray shales vary, though the Chemung
shale, which is abundant in Perry County and
elsewhere, produces a barren soil. Chalky and
gypsum soils vary, sometimes good, sometimes
poor. Alluvial soils are generally very fertile,
unless composed of too much sand.
Determinatiox of the Fertility of
Soils. — (1) Something may be known from the
color and texture of a soil, as to its value,
though this is not to be depended upon. (2)
By the wild plants growing upon the land;
some plants seem to be confined to sterile soils.
The vigor and luxuriance of the vegetation in-
dicate a great deal, and yet here, too, great
mistakes have been made. Soils which would
produce great returns when cultivated have
often in new countries been passed over because
the natural vegetation was not luxuriant. (3)
The sui'e method is by observing the cultivated
crop. In this connection, it is to be remem-
bered that all soils, unless we may exempt river
bottoms, contain in .so small amount the chemi-
cal elements necessary for the ripening of seeds,
that a very few crops will make such soils bar-
ren for the production of seed crops, unless
stimulated by the use of artificial fertilizers.
Nowhere has this been more clearly shown than
in the exhaustion of the .soils of our western
prairies.
Dlseases Pertaixixg rn Different
Soils. — It has long been known that cer-
tain diseases seem more frequent on some soils
than on others. Hippocrates treated at length
in one of his works on the .sanitary influences
of the .soil. Herodotus and Galen called atten-
tion to the same subject, as did also the Roman
architect Vitruvius, who flourished about the
beginning of the Christian era. He taught
that a point of first importance in building a
dwelling was to select a site upon hecdlhij soil.
We can onlv call attention to the facts that all
12
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
wet soils are unhealthy, and by wet we mean all
which cannot be made perfectly dry. All
swampy soils are unhealthy, and all soils full of
decaying vegetable matters are unhealthy, as the
made soils in mauy of our cities. A light, dry,
porous soil is best adapted to health.
V. THE GEOLOGICAL AGES OF OUR ROCKS.
Geologists have divided time so far as it has
affected our earth into the following seven ages,
commencing with the oldest, viz. :
1. Archaean, or azoic, (no lite).
2. Silurian, or age of molluslcs.
'A. Devonian, or age of fislies.
4. Carboniferous, or age of coal plants.
5. Reptilian, or age of reptiles.
6. Mammalian, or age of mammals.
7. Psychozoic, or age of man.
These ages are subdivided into " periods "
aud the periods into " epochs," as is shown in
the following table. The thickness in Perry
and adjoining counties is also indicated, as
well as the composition of the rocks. The
table is taken from F 2 of the Second Geologi-
cal Survey of Pennsylvania.
[Note. — Those periods in italics do not occur in
our district. It will be observed that the rocks in
these counties are all below the coal measures, though
they extend upward into the Carboniferous age.]
NO. TERIOnS. " COMPOSITION.
XIII. Coal measures . . . 2oOU Sandstone, shale aud coal.
XII. PoUsville 1000 Pebbles and sandstone.
XI. Mauch Chunk. . . 2500 Red shale.
X. Pocono 2000 Gray sandstone.
IX. Oatskill COOO Hed sandstone and shale.
f Chemung 3000 Olive sandstone and shale.
Portjige 200 Shale.
Genesee 200 Dark shale.
I Hamilton 1.500 .Shale and .sandstone.
1 Marcellus .... 200 Dark shale and limestone.
[ {Upper Uelderberg) (absent)
Cauda-Galli .... (absent)
Oriskany 25 Sandstone.
VI. Lower Helderberg. 200 Limestone and shale.
, Onondaga .... 1600 Shale.
i Clinton SOO Red sandstone and green shale
f Medina 1500 Sandstones and shales.
^ I Oneida 500 Conglomerate and shales.
i \
I I
VII
IIL
r Hudson River . . loOi) Slates and shales.
[ Utica .'lOO Dark shales.
Trenton .500-.
Chazij ) -Limestone.
Calcijeron, . . . | 5""")
Potsdam 20011 Sandstone and slate.
s I
Total thickness, 3272.') feet.
In the first survey of Pennsylvania by Pro-
fessor H. Rogers, another system of nomencla-
ture was used, the terms being the Latin for
different periods of the day. These, with the
present equivalents, are shown in the following
table :
XII. Serai, Millstone grit.
XI. Umbral,
X. Vespertine,
IX. Ponent, Catskill.
( Vergent,
VIII. ] Cadent,
I Post-meridian,
VII. Meridian, Oriskany.
VI. Pre-meridian, Lower Helderberg.
V. Scalent, Onondaga.
( Surgent,
IV. & IIL \ Levant, Niagara.
I Matinal,
II. Auroral, Trenton.
I. Primal, Potsdam.
In Perry County the lowest rocks are the
Trenton limestone, found in the extreme west-
ern part of the county, in Horse Valley, in
Toboyne township, though there are only
traces of it there resting upon Hudson River
shales and Utica shales. The highest rocks in
the county are the Mauch Chunk red shale,
found in the extreme eastern portion of the
county in two patches in Buffalo and Rye
townships, the former being an extension of the
upper arm of the Pottsville coal-field, and the
latter of the lower arm. The rest of the rocks
are intermediate between the.se.
Ill Mifflin and Juniata Counties the lowest
rock is also Trenton limestone, found forming
the whole bottom of the KishacoqulHas Valley ;
also a small patch in Beach Log Valley. The
highest rock in these counties is the Chemung
siiale, which covers a large portion of the
eastern, northern aud southern parts of Mifflin
County, and a portion of both the northern and
southern parts of Juniata.
Snyder County has for its foundation rock
the Utica .slates and the Hudson River shales,
which occur sparingly in west Perry County on
the side of Shade Mountain. The highest
formation is the Catskill red sandstone, which
occurs forming a large portion of Shade
Mountain and Blue Hill. In Union County
the lowest rock is the Utica shale, found spar-
ingly ill the far western portion of the county.
The Chemung and Hamilton shales, found in
GEOLOGICATL
M A F
MFFFUN, JUOTATA . PERRY,
DOTON 8c SNYDER
COUNTIES
PEN N ». •
Empmvit E.iTJi-es.vly l'm-(liis Work
L Y C O M I N Q
fAt'LAN-VriOX OF COLORS
Maurh Ch.uiU. He .1 Sluil» SI f |
Focono Saudstaae ^1
^ Shiile
--"^s- i ^'-m,
OrittlEMij- SasuLsttiue VJL
Om-tOU Shale
Un.mda S aod .•rt a
Sljale iind in"
\Tica &lsU)
Trvntoa IJnies
PHYSICAL FEATURES.
13
the extreme northern portion of the county and
on both sides of tlie mouth of Buffalo Creek,
are the highest and youngest. In Union and
also in the other counties there is unconsoli-
dated rock material of later date, some of it
possibly deposited since the advent of man.
We refer to the extensive gravel and boulder
deposits which can be found in Buffalo and
other valleys. We are not certain how or when
these deposits were made, whether through the
agency of running water or of ice. At any
rate, they are recent.
VI. THE ORIGIN AND STRUCTURE OF MOUN-
TAINS AND VALLEYS.
1. Definitions. — Formation, all the rocks
of one geological age. Its subdivisions are
strata, layers, seams and beds.
Stratum, a thick bed or layer of rocks.
Layer, a division or part of a stratum.
Seam, a layer quite different in composition
from adjacent strata, as of coal or iron.
Bed, a thick, workable seam of iron or coal.
Outcrop, any portion of rock projecting
above the soil.
Dip, the inclination of strata, or the angle
they form with a horizontal surface.
Strike, the directiou in reference to the points
of the compass which an outcrop takes.
Anticline, a hill in which the rocks slope
away from a central axis (a, b)as shown in cut.
SyneKne, a syncline is seen in a valley where
the strata slope toward an axis («, b), as in cut.
Monocline, a hill or valley in which the
strata all have the same slope.
Joint, those division planes which cause most
rocks to come from the quarry in more or less
regular-shaped blocks ; thus,sanc?.s-torie is jointed
into large, irregularly prismatic blocks ; gran-
ite, irregularly cubic; trap, hexagonal prisms.
Joints are believed to be produced in rocks by
shrinkage in drying or cooling. Joints usually
extend through strata of one kind only without
changing.
Fissures, great cracks extending through all
strata to indefinite depths into the earth. They
have been produced by earthquakes and by
fracturing of the crust as it shrinks in cooling.
Fault, a fissure in which the strata on one
side are displaced, being pushed up or allowed
to sink down. In mining regions faults are
often very abundant and the cause of much
trouble.
Law of Faults, the under-strata have been
pushed up. This is so general that in mining
it is always followed.
Nodule, a rounded rock-mass produced bv a
power somewhat resembling the crystalline
force. Very small nodules are called oolites
(fish eggs), larger ones pisolites (peas). They
sometimes form hundreds of feet in diameter, as
in crystalline formations in the Rocky Moun-
tains. When the nodule fakes on a form re-
sembling an animate object it is called a con-
cretion. Thus they are often found resembling
turtles, heads of various animals, human foot-
prints, etc. A concretion in the museum of the
University of Lewisburg much resembles a
musk rat.
Conforinabh' : when strata lie parallel, they
are said to be conformable; but when not
parallel they are unconformable.
River Basin, the whole extent of country
drained by a river and its tributaries ; thus the
basin of the Mississippi extends from the Alle-
gheny Mountains to the Rocky Mountains.
14
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
River Valley, properly sjjeaking, is all the
country between the bluffs bordering the river ;
or, it is tlie country over which the river has at
some time flowed. In some of our western
rivers the bluffs are from twenty, forty to one
hundred miles apart, as on the Missouri and
jNIississippi.
River Channel is the portion of thi' \alley
actually occupied by the stream.
Mountain, this term is loosely applied to
every considerable elevation of country, no
difference what its origin or structure. A
mountain system consists of an elevated region
of great extent, as the American Cordilleras —
ten thousand miles long and one thousand miles
wide, and consisting of several mountain ranges
separated by great valleys. Each groat com-
ponent of a mountain system is called a moun-
tain range; the Coast Ranges, the Sierra
Nevadas and the Wahsatch are ranges in the
Rocky Mountain system. The components of a
range are called ridges, and isolated portions
are called peaks.
2. The Agencies Producing Moitntains.
— These are two : (1) Lateral pressure of a
contracting earth and (2) erosion of superficial
waters. All mountain systems and mountain
ranges have been produced, it is now believed,
by the first of these means, while all ridges and
peaks have been brought about by the second
means. In reference to the first of these
causes, it is now supposed that the earth is a
cooling globe, the interior of which is cooling
more rapidly than the exterior. This is brought
about by the exterior receiving heat from the
sun and external space, while the interior
loses heat rapidly by conduction. Now the
outside of the earth, following down the con-
tracting interior, is subject to powerful lateral
pressure, which continues until there is a yield-
ing at some point. " Mountain chains are the
lines along which the yielding of the surface to
the horizontal tlirust has taken place." The
proofs that ranges are formed in this way are :
(1) That the strata in mountain ranges are dis-
tinctly folded, as is well seen in the Alps, Ap-
palachian and Coast Range of California. (2)
Slaty cleavage is present in these folded rocks
when they are of the riglit materials, and ex-
perimentally we know that slaty cleavage is
produced by powerful lateral pressure. (3) The
folded structure of mountains and various
mountain phenomena have been produced by
compressing many layers of plastic material, as
clay, wax, etc.
There are certain facts generally observed in
an examination of mountain systems, some of
which will be noted, viz. :
1. Mountain systems are generally on the
borders of a continent, and the highest systems
facing the 'widest oceans.
2. Mountain chains have been formed of im-
mensely tiiick sediments. In the Appalachian
forty tiiousand feet ; in the Wahsatch range
fifty-six thousand.
3. The different ranges of a system seem to
have been formed successively coastward.
4. The strata in a chaiu are often strongly
folded, fissured and faulted.
5. Mountain chains are often one-sided —
tliat is, have more and sharper folds, more
metamorphisra of rocks and more volcanoes on
one side than on the other.
6. The highest mountains on the earth are
the youngest.
It may be interesting to examine the differ-
ent steps in the formation of a mountain range,
such as one of our Appalachian ranges.
1. A downward bending of the crust as the
sediments, which aftei'ward formed the range,
accumulated. It seems that at an early period
in the history of the American continent there
was land to the east and north of the present
Appalachian Mountains ; there was also land
in the Rocky Mountain region, while the whole
of the interior was a vast sea, extending north
from the Gulf of Mexico. Now the sediments
of which mountains are formed seem to be ac-
cumulations on the coast of some sea, and we
suppose that the continent which lay where
now the Atlantic Ocean is, furnished the greater
portion of the sediments. It is possible that
the Blue Ridge is the western portion of this
ancient continent.
2. Studies of mountains show that the sedi-
ments accumulated in shallow water ; hence the
sea-shore must have slowly sank as the sediments
gathered. Now when this sinking had pro-
PHYSICAL FEATURES.
15
oeeded to a groat depth, as of forty tliousand
feet, the original crust would have penetrated
into the regions of great internal heat, and
would doubtless have become softened and
weakened, and finally, pi'obably completely
melted off.
3. The third step would follow the second.
The soft, unconsolidated strata would be called
upon to resist the great lateral pressure of the
-shrinking globe, and the result would be a
folding, crumpling, compression, and finally an
elevation of the stratified sediments into one or
more mountain ranges. The proofs of this have
already been given.
These evolutions of mountains occurred with
great slowness, requiring many ages for their
fulfillment. The old geologists taught that
m.ountains were suddenly formed in great con-
vuLsioDS of nature. Professor J. D. Dana es-
timates that the Green Mountains, elevated at
the close of the Lower Silurian age, were not
less than twenty million years in process of
formation, and the Appalachian sy.stem, which
was elevated at the close of the Carboniferous
age, was thirty-six million years in formation,
at the lowest estimate. These estimates are
only introduced to show that geological time is
long.
Our Pennsylvania streams nearly all cut
through our mountain ranges. Xow we can
only explain this by supposing that the
mountains arose so slowly that the rivers and
streams were able to cut down as fast as they
were elevated. In the Susquehanna River
" natural dams" still exist, which the stream is
cutting away. In the study of these we can
gain an idea of the immensely long period it
took to elevate the mountains.
The relative size of the earth to its mountains
has been carefully estimated, and it is stated
as follows : On a globe twelve feet in
diameter, lines elevated one-twelfth of an inch
would have the same i-elative heigiit as the
highest mountain ranges of the earth. It is an
interesting fact that the deepest places known
in the ocean are about as many feet in depth as
the highest mountains are in elevation.
It will thus be seen that, as the earth con-
tinues to cool through time, existing ranges
must continue to be elevated, or new folds and
new ranges produced. But the existing ranges
are continually expo.sed to atmospheric erosion,
and this has occurred to such an extent that
there is in no part of Americia any feature of re-
lief in any degree like what it was when first
produced. In parts of Pennsylvania there is
good evidence that in places this erosion ha.s
extended even to the depth of twenty thousand
feet, and in other parts of the continent to an
even greater extent. Professor J. P. Lesley,
State geologist, in charge of the Second Survey,
til us speaks, —
" The coal-beds which were formed just at the sea-level
were elevated in some jjarts of Jliddle Pennsylvania to
a height equal to nearly the whole thickness of the
PaL'eozoic system — that is, nearly thirty-five thousand
feet, higher than the highest summits of the Himalaya
Mountains. Frost above, and the undermining rains
below, began their rapid work of destruction, which
has lasted ever since. Nearly the whole area of the
State east of the Allegheny Mountains lost not only
its coal measures, but a vast majority of all the min-
eral strata underneath them. All that escaped de-
struction was what lay in the deep synclinal basins
of the anthracite country, the little patch of Broad
Top and the tip of» the Cumberland or Frostburg
Basin. For scores of miles the entire Paheozoic sys-
tem was excavated and planed down to the limestone
at the base of the system. Along the central lines of
Kishacoquillas, Nittany, Canoe and other valleys the
old Laurentian .system cannot be more th.an one
thousand feet below the present surface. All the
rest has been carried of!'. The destruction was the
greatest where the elevation was the greatest, — along
the middle belt of the Appalachian Mountains. Out
of this destruction were created, on the eastern side.
New Jersey, Delaware, and the tide-water country of
Maryland and Virginia ; and on the western side, the
lower half of Alabama and nearly the whole of Mis-
sissippi and Louisiana. In other words, the Proto-
zoic mountains were wasted to form the Palaeozoic
rocks of the interior ; and the Paheozoic mountains,
in their turn, have been wasted to form the Triassic,
Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks of the seaboard."
Many persons seem to find it difficult to be-
lieve that this great destruction has occurred
outside the brains of imaginative geologists.
Probably it will be proper to dwell on the sub-
ject a little further. Careful estimates made on
the sediments carried by the Mississippi River
to the Gulf show that this, if spread over the
whole basin of tiiat river, would elevate it about
■^^^ of a foot. In other words, the basin of
16
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the Mississippi is denuded about sTrorr of a foot
each year. In the case of the Ganges, it seems
to be more rapid, the basin of that river falling
one foot in two thousand years. Sir Charles
Lyell says that two thousand boats, each car-
rying one hundred and forty tons of mud,
would have to be employed daily to carry all
the sediment borne daily by the Ganges. Now,
it is to be remembered that the total elevation
of the American continent is probably not more
than seven hundred to nine hundred feet. To
present the matter in another way, we quote
from Report F 2, Second Geological Survey of
Pennsylvania, by Professor E. AV. Claypole, —
" In ordinary weather the Juniata water carries
about eight grains of earthy sediment, or about one
pound for every one hundred cubic feet of water.
"At Millerstown the river is about six hundred
feet wide and four feet deep, with a current flowing
about two miles an hour ; that is, twenty-four million
cubic feet of water pass Millerstown every hour, car-
rying two hundred and forty thousand pounds (120
tons) of rock sediment. In other words, one million
cubic yards of the rock waste of Juniata, Mifllin,
Huntingdon and Blair Counties pass through Perry
County down the Juniata Rivjer to the sea every
year. The water basin from which this river sediment
comes measures about ten billion square yards. Its
average loss per year is, therefore, about the ten
thousandth of a yard. If we take into account the
erode more rapidly, there being no winter frosts
to hold it in place, and there it is very common
to hear intelligent persons speak of the "county
washing into the Gulf as rapidly as possible,"
and this is there evident to the most careless ob-
server.
It is to erosion, then, that we probably imme-
diately owe every present feature of relief in our
country. Isolated peaks, all cross-valleys, all
ridges have been produced by erosion, and even
sometimes where originally valleys exi.sted now
are mountains, and the bottoms of valleys have
become mountains.
Some rocks are harder and more enduring
than others, and after ages of erosion it is the
position and inclination of these hard rocks
which mark the presence of the peaks and
ridges, while the valleys are located where the
rocks are softer or are more broken. If the
strata are horizontal, then table mountains are
produced ; if gently undulating, then generally
the anticlines will become converted into val-
leys, and the synclines into ridges or mountains.
Thus the valley of East Tennessee, Kishacoquil-
las Valley, in Mifflin County, and most of the
valleys in tlie anthracite coal regions are anti-
clinal. The mountains between Lewistown
and Bald Eagle Mountain are synclinal.
ANTICLINAL
gravel and stones rolled down the river in flood times,
and carried down by ice, it will be safe to call it the
five-thousandth of a yard.
" The whole surface of the Juniata country has,
therefore, been lowered, say one foot in fifteen hun-
dred years, or three thousand yards in thirteen million
five hundred thousand years; that is, supposing the
climate was always the same, and the Juniata River
never did more work than it does now. But there is
good reason for believing in earlier ages the erosion
was more violent ; this time may be reduced to ten, or
even to five million years."
In the southern part of our country, in the
mountains of North Carolina, South Caro-
lina, Georgia and Alabama, the laud seems to
3. The Structure of Mountain.'^. — It
has already been mentioned that mountain
ranges are formed of great thicknesses of sedi-
mentary strata folded into a ridge. In the sim-
plest form of a mountain there is but a single
such ridge, as in the Uintah Mountains. In the
next form there may be several ranges more or
less compressed, as in the Jura Mountains t>f Eu-
rope, or in the Coast Range of Califoi-nia, or
the Appalachian Mountains of Pennsylvania.
Most mountain ranges, however, have stratified
sedimentary rocks on their flanks, while the
central part of the mountain consists of a gran-
PHYSICAL FEATURES.
17
itic mass of rock. In otliers, nothing is seen
but granite, as in parts of the Rocky Mountains.
The granite axis, or core, is believed to be pro-
duced from sedimentary rocks, highly altered.
VII. THK FOSSILS FOUND IN OUR liOC'KS.
A fossil is any remains or evidence of an or-
ganic being found in the soil ori'ocks. The very
lowest and oldest rocks are destitute of fossils,
while the most recent contain the remains of the
animals and plants now living on the earth. All
the rocks found in tliese counties are fossilifer-
ous, though some of them very sparingly so,
and all, in some places, to a greater extent than
in others. It is by means of the fossils in a
rock that geologists determine its age and place
in a system. All rocks containing the same
fossils are judged to be of the same age. In
our district all the rocks have been seen to be-
long to the Palfeozoic era; hence the fossils rep-
resent forms of life very different from anything
on the earth at present. We can only in a very
general way refer to the fossils which have been
detected in this district.
In the Trenton limestone are found the re-
mains of marine plants, called "fucoids." These
are indistinct tracings of the plant stems. Three
kinds of corals are abundantly found in this
same age, and forming a great bulk of the rock,
viz.: " cuf) corals," "chain corals" and "honey-
comb corals." Each is distinguished by a feat-
ure indicated in the common name. Some lime-
stone rocks are formed of crinoid stems, as near
Lewisburgh, in Union County. Crinoids were
animals nearly related to corals, and which se-
creted from the sea-water the calcareous matter
of which they formed their skeletons. In some
places the limestones and shales are formed
mainly of small bivalve shells called " brachio-
pods." The animals which inhabited these
shells were not true mollusks, but were worms.
" Trilobites," three-lobed crustaceans, were com-
mon in the earlier periods. Their fossils are
three-lobed longitudinally, and striated or
grooved transversely. Shells of true mollusks
abound. Many of them ai-e curved or spirally
arranged, as in mollusks of to-day ; others are
straight. One, called the orthoceras, has been
found fourteen feet in length. It was an animal
2
of the cuttle-fish kind. Its fossil, which is a
straight, ringed rod, represents the internal skel-
eton of the monster, which in its day was king
of the animal creation. The uppermost rocks
of our series contain the fossils of the coal age,
among which are ferns much like those of to-
day,— calamites, or " horse-tails," like tho.se now
living, only much larger; lepidodendrids and
sigillarids, plants resembling the ground-pines
still found in our forests, and used for decora-
tive purpo.ses in the winter months. The other
forms of ancient life are all passed over except
two. These are the fossil fish of Perry County
and the mastodon remains of Union County.
The earliest fish and the earliest vertebrates
found in any part of the world were discovered
less than two years ago (1884) by Professor E.
W.Claypole,then of the Slate Geological Survey,
in the Catskill rocks of Perry County. The fol-
lowing is Profes.sor Claypole's account of these
remains, as published in the Perry County Free-
man of September 3, 1884 :
" For fiftj' years or more the Uppermost Silurian
rocks of England have been famous as the home of
the earliest known fossils that can with confidence be
called fish. Near the old town of Ludlow, the scene of
Milton's ' Comus,' are certain beds from which these
fossils have been obtained. Nowhere else have they
been discovered in beds of equal age. These Ludlow
fish-beds lie almost at the top of the Silurian system,
and their fish belong, as I have said, to types so old-
fashioned that no living member of the fishy tribes
would recognize them or own relationship. Their
bones, if such they can be called, consisted altogether
of soft cartilaginous material, and they carried their
hard parts outside. Armed like a tortoise, with a
shield which covered the fore part of the body, they
had no defence for their tails and hind portions.
Probably, like some modern fish, they hid their soft
parts in holes or in the mud, exposing only their
armor-clad head to the perils of the seas. This struct-
ure was common among the fishes of the olden time.
They resembled the iron- sheathed ships of modern
navies. They were proof against all attack from above.
Their vulnerable point was below.
"The fishes of the Old Red Sandstone, immortalized
by Hugh Miller, were built on this fashion, and were
probably the gigantic descendants of the compara-
tively small and puny Silurian forms to which our
little Perry County fishes were closely related.
"Some of the Devonian or Old Red Sandstone spe-
cies were thirty feet long, and carried huge plates of
bony armor as much as two or three inches thick.
But no such giants were known in Silurian davs. The
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
little fish of Perry County were not more than six inches
in length, and the only traces which they have left
are the thin shields that protected their vital organs.
These shields measure from two to three inches in
length, and resemble in form the skin of a quarter of
an orange, having its sharp ends rounded off. Their
microscopic structure, on which depended their iden-
tification as fish, closely resembles that of the English
Ludlow fishes, but could not be made intelligible
here without figures. Suffice it to say that in every
link the chain of argument is complete, and that
Perry County now has the honor of contributing to
geology the oldest indisputable vertebrate ammals
which the tcorld has yet seen.
" It is a long, long vista through which we look back,
by the help of geology's telescope, to see these tiny
ancestors of our fishes sporting in the Silurian seas.
The Tertiary and Secondary rocks abound with fish.
Even in our Coal Measures we find numerous species.
The Devonian seas, as I have already mentioned,
swarmed with great armor-clad monsters, some of
which I have found in Perry County. These lived
millions of years ago, and few can realize what a raij-
lion means. But earlier than all these swam the little
hard-shelled Pennsylvania Palceaspis, as I have called
it, in the seas of long ago, before Tuscarora and the
Blue Mountains had raised their heads above the
waters. To these queer, antiquated forms we must
look as the ancestors of some at least of our existing
fish, developed by the slow process of nature, by
change of environment, by competitionin the struggle
for existence, and by the inexorable law of the sur-
vival of the fittest. The condition of life must then
have varied rapidly, for these and every nearly allied
form became extinct in Mid-Devonian days; and when
our Coal Measures were laid down they were already
as much out of date and as nearly forgotten as are the
armor-clad knights of the Middle Ages at the present
time. But the mud of the sea-bottom received their
carcasses, buried them carefully, and has ever since
faithfully preserved them, if not perfect, yet in a con-
dition capable of being recognized. And to the geol-
ogist that same sea-bottom, long since dried and
turned to .stone, now returns these precious remains.
The day of their resurrection has come, and the ham-
mer has brought to light from the rocks of Perry
County the identical bones entombed, perhaps, twenty
million years ago, when its wearer turned on its back,
gave up the ghost and sank to the bottom."
Later, Professor Claypole announced the dis-
covery of four species of fish in these rocks,
which he has named Onchus Ciintoni, Onehus
Pennsylvanicus, Faheaspis bifuroata, Palceas-
pis Americanus.
In 1852 the tuslv of a mastodon was dis-
covered in digging a cellar in Bufialo Valley,
near Lewisburgh, Union County. The tusk
was ten feet long and in diameter ten inches.
A fragment about sixteen inches long and ten
inches in diameter is now preserved in the
museum of the University at Lewisburgh. I
did not learn that any other portions of the
animal were discovered. Professor A. Winchell
thinks it possible that the mastodon may have
been exterminated by the ancestors of the
present Indians.
There have been found, within the county,
the remains of the elk {Cervus Canadensis) and
the beaver {Castor fiber), now extinct in this re-
gion. The wild turkey [Meleagris gallopavo),
red deer [Cariacus Virginianus), wild oat {Lynx
rufus) and black bear ( Ursus Americanus) are
sometimes seen in the mountains; but unless
protected by law, M'ill also soon become extinct
within our boi'ders. The bones of Indians,
stone axes, hatchets, arrow and lance-heads,
beads, etc., are found to represent a disappear-
ing race, who once possessed the land.
The Peouress of Life. — lu reference to
the changes in life and its progress through the
different geological ages, we cannot do better
than quote a few passages from Professor J. D.
Dana, a veteran American geologist, —
" Life commenced, among plants, in sea-ioeeds,
and ended in palms, oaks, elms, the orange, rose, etc.
It commenced among animals in mollusks stand-
ing on stems like plants, crinoids, loorms and trilobites,
and probably earlier in the simple systeraless pro-
tozoans ; it ended in man. Sea-weeds were followed
by lycopods, ferns and other flowerless plants, and by
gymnosperms, the lowest of flowering plants ; these
finally by the higher flowering species above men-
tioned, the palms and angiosperms. Radiates, mol-
lusks and articulates, which appeared in the early
Silurian, afterwards \\&df.shes associated with them;
later, reptiles; later birds and inferior mammals; later,
higher mammals, as beasts of prey and cattle ; lastly,
man.""
This progress was from marine to terrestrial
life. In the Archtean, Silurian and Devonian
ages the great bulk of the life was probably
marine ; in the Carboniferous it was both marine
and terrestrial, and since the Carboniferous both
marine and terrestrial have existed, the terres-
trial predominating.
There has been a constant change of species,
new species appearing as others disappeared.
Not a single one of the early species survives
PHYSICAL FEATURES.
19
until to-day. Few species lived through their
vwn age. At the close of some of the ages,
there was widespread extermiuation of species,
as at the close of the Devouion, Carboniferous
and Cretaceous. As we pass from rock-bed to
rock-bed, the life changes in each. Over forty
thousand species of animals have been found
fossilized in the rocks, not one of which is now
living.
The lowest species of a group have not alicays
been first introduced. The earliest fishes were
among the highest. Trilobites were not the
lowest crustaceans. Oxen appeared long after
tigerfi, dogs, monkeys, etc. The earliest species
were intertnediate or Comprehensive types. Thus
the first fishes were, in some resjiects, inter-
mediate between fish and rejitiles. The earliest
birds were between reptiles and birds. The
earliest mammals were between birds and
mammals, etc. The same is true of the earliest
plants.
There was, however, always harmony be-
tween the different species living on the earth
at any time and M'ith the physical conditions of
the earth at that time. The reptiles, the birds,
the fish of the Reptilian age all harmonize
with themselves and with the earth of that
age. So with the life of the Carboniferous and
the Quaternary, etc.
Progress always the unfolding of a system;
man the culmination of that system. " There
were higher and lower species appearing
through all the ages, but the successive popula-
tions were still, in their general range, of higher
and higher grade, and thus the progress was
ever upward. With every new fauna and flwa
in the passing periods there was a fuller and
higher exhibition of the kingdoms of life.
Had progress ceased with the Reptilian age,
the system might have been pronounced the
scheme of an evil demon. But as time moved
on, higher races were introduced, and finally
man came forth, not in strength of body, but in
the majesty of his spirit ; and then living nature
was full of beneficence. The system of life
about to disappear as a thing of the past had
its final purpose fulfilled in the creation of a
spiritual being, — one having powers to search
into the depths of nature and use the wealth of
the world for his physical, intellectual and moral
advancement, that he might thereby prepare,
under divine aid, for the new life in the coming
future." It is interesting to note that all
through the progress in the development of life
there has been development in the line of
increased brain capacity. The earliest verte-
brates had very small brains. This increase
culminates in man, whose brain is the most
perfect in all the animal creation.
VIII. GEOLOGICAL SKETCH OF EACH COUXTY.
Juniata. — " Area, four hundred square miles.
This county, ten miles wide and about fifty
miles long, stretches in a gentle curve between
the Tuscarora and Shade Mountains, from
the Susquehanna River to the bend of the
Juniata, below Newton Hamilton, on the Hun-
tingdon County line. It is a single trough, or
basin, on the two sides of which outcrop
Clinton and Onondaga shales (V.)\. Lower Held-
erberg limestone (VI.). Oriskany sandstone
(VII.), and the central part of which still pre-
serves the Marcellus, Hamilton, and Chemung
divisions of VIII., but nothing higher in the
series, and, therefore, no coal, although a few
thin .streaks of carbonaceous slate (VIII.) have
led to that belief. The sides of the basin are steep,
and its bell}^ is crimpled into several close folds,
which produce the zigzags which appear on the
colored geological map, so that the northern out-
crop of VI. and VII., if stretched out, would
measure at least seventy miles, and the south-
ern outcrop forty miles. The fossil ore-beds
have been mined along the Juniata River
(which cuts through Clinton rocks for about
fifteen miles) and in the low ridges in front of
East and "West Shade ^Mountains, back from the
river. East Shade Mountain is a sharp anti-
clinal fold of Medina (IV.) split lengthwise, so
that the Lorraine shales (III.) appear on the
ci'own of the arch in a secluded vale between
the tM'o crests of the mountain. Blue Ridge is
a similar rock wave of No. IV., dying out
east at the river. Between the two mountains
are the ' Long Narrows,' a basin of No. V.,
> Refer to the geological map for location of each kind of
rock.
20
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
in which the river Juniata flows. West Shade
Mountain is a similar arch rock of No. IV.,
but so much higher than the other two that
when it splits into two crests going south, not
only the slates of No. Ill,, but the limestones
of No. II., appear at the surface, and this
becomes Black Log Valley, in Huntingdon
County. At the eastern part of the county
the basin has a sharp wave in its bottom, which
brings up to the surface, on both sides of the
Susquehanna River, at the bottom of the
Mahantango Creeks, both the Oriskany sand-
stone (A^II.) and the underlving limestone
(VI.)."
The Juniata trough is crossed near its mid-
dle by the Juniata River, and with the excep-
tion of a small area in the northeast, which
drains into the West Mahantango Creek, the
whole county has but two slopes, a northern
and a southern, both falling towards the Juniata
River. The streams carrying oif the drainage
are Tuscarora, Licking, Lost and Cocolamus
Creeks, falling into the Juniata, and in the
northwest, the West Mahantango Creek, which
falls into the Susquehanna. Black Log Creek,
which drains the upper part of Black Log
Valley, runs south, falls into the Great
Aughwick, and thus reaches the Juniata.
The valley's bear different local names.
Those best known are Tuscarora Valley, the
great central trough ; Black Log and Liberty
Valleys in the south, and Turkey Valley, in
the extreme eastern part of the county. " The
Narrows " lie along the Juniata River.
The soil is various. There is little limestone
soil, comparatively speaking. The mountains
and the steep mountain-sides are necessarily
unsuited to agriculture. The shales, which
form the greater portion of the soil of the
county, vary in quality, sometimes fertile, at
others barren. In the valleys there is, how-
ever, much productive land. There is much
iron-ore in the county.
Mifflin County. — " Area, three hundred
and eighty square miles. The western half of this
long, narrow county is a secluded Lower Silurian
limestone valley, drained by Ivishacoquillas
Creek, through Logan's Gap, in Jack's ^Mouu-
tain, between which and Stone Mountain, on
the west, the valley tapers to a point southward,
and is split at its northern end into three, long,
narrow, straight, anticlinal vales, separated by
two picturesque synclinal spurs of the Buffalo
Mountains coming from Snyder County. The
limestone floor of this valley contains deposits of
brown hematite iron-ore, once extensively mined
in open quarries. Its sides consist of Lorraine and
Utica slate. No. III., rising to a very remarka-
ble terrace of Oneida conglomerate {IV. a),
broken at short, regular intervals by little ra-
vines, heading in the upper slope of Medina
slates (IV. b), crowned by the mountain crest
of white Medina sandstone (IV. c). The scen-
ery is not only romantic in an artistic, but in a
geological sense, and an end view of the north-
ern spurs affords the finest illustration of syn-
clinal and anticlinal wave-structure to be found
in Pennsylvania. The eastern county line,
forty miles long, follows the crest of East Shade
Mountain (IV.), crosses the synclinal vale of the
Juniata, ' Long Narrows,' to Blue Ridge (IV.),
the crest of which it follows to the great bend
of the Juniata River. Between this eastern
mountain line and Jack's Mountain runs the
Lewistown Valley, thirty-eight miles long, and
with great regularity six miles wide, — a trough
deeper at its two ends and shallower midway,
of UpperSilurian and Lower Devonian measures,
crumpled into numerous sharp, parallel folds,
producing at the present surface many zigzag
outcrops of the Lewistown limestone (Lower
Helderberg, No. VI.) and Oriskany sandstone.
No. VII., with the overlying pyrilous ferrif-
erous black clay, turned, near the surface, into
a valuable brown hematite iron-ore, extensively
mined west of liCwistown in the numerous low
ridges bordering the north bank of the Juniata
River. The fossil ore-beds of the Clinton, No.
v., are opened at many points along the slope
of .Jack's Mountain, and outci'op also along the
slopes of Shade Mountain and Blue Ridge."
Instrumental measurements of the formations in
this county, carefully made at Lewistown by
the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania,
show the following thicknesses of the different
rocks :
Feet.
Marcellus black slate 290
Marcellus limestoue 40
PHYSICAL FEATURES.
21
Schoharie (?) dark shale 53
Caudi-galli (?) clay 40
Oriskany sandstone 110
Oriskany shale '205
Lewistown shale 140
Lewistown limestone 185
Water-line sliale 470
Salina variegated shale 358
Niagara (?) limestone 4
Niagara shale 70
Clinton upper red shale 305
lyower red shale 260
Lower lime and upper olive shale 250
Fossil ore-beds 120
Middle olive shale 820
Iron sandstone 7
Lower olive shale 571
Medina white sandstone 820
Red sandstone and shale 1280
Oneida red conglomerate 309
Gray sandstone 313
Hudson River gray sandstone 425
Gray shale 190
Hard, line sandstone 140
Dark, ferruginous shale 182
Utica upper gray slate 210
Middle black shale 302
Lower gray slate 855
Trenton limestone 320
Total, 4409
All of this county, except the extreme north-
eastern portion, which Penn's Creek drains into
the Susquehanna River, is drained by the Ju-
niata River. Besides the river, the principal
streams are Kishacoquillas Creek, draining
Kishacoquillas Valley ; Licking Creek, draining
Sugar Valley ; Jack's, Standing and Meadow
Creeks. The valleys are Lewistown, Kishaco-
quillas, Ferguson's, Sugar, Long Hollow and
" The Narrows."
There is considerable limestone in this county,
and, hencs, good and productive soil. In the
valleys generally the soil is fair. The sand-
stones produce thin soil, the shales various.
There is much iron-ore in many j)arts of the
county.
Perry Couxty. — " Area, four hundred and
eighty square miles. The construction of the
underground world of this flag-shaped county
is so beautifull}' simple as a whole, and so cu-
riously complicated in details, that it will ever
stand the tyjiical district of the Appalachian
mountain belt of the Atlantic seaboard : two
grand basins, cut across by the Susquehanna
and Juniata Rivers, sinking eastward to re-
ceive the two lobes of the fish-tail of the
southern anthracite coal-field, in Schuylkill
County, and rising westward so as to bring to
the surface in concentric ellipses the successively
lower formations from No. XL down to No.
IV., the mountain outcrops of which form the
southern, western and northern borders of the
county. Between the two great basins rises the
great anticlinal which makes, by the corruga-
tions of its arch, the two loops in the Cumber-
land County line, and the long, projecting spurs
of Bower's Mountain, Amberson's Mountain
and the Great and Little Round Tops, with a
much larger number of close crimjjles in the
middle of its course, producing a system of zig-
zags on the colored map like the grain of wood
cut bias for ornamental furniture-work ; with
at least three notable downthrow faults, one of
which, running along the foot of Dick's Hill,
brings into contact the middle beds of the
Chemung and the Lower Helderberg limestone
beds, with a maximum throw of four thousand
and seventy-five feet. The Clinton fossil ore
is mined in front of Tnscarora Mountain,
near Millerstowu ; the Marcellus iron-ore
in little basins of Oriskany sandstone south of
Newport ; on Iron Ridge, at the Old Perry fur-
nace ; on Mahony Ridge at and west of New
Bloomfield ; in Bell's Hill, north and west of
Little Germany ; in Pisgah Hill, at Oak Grove
furnace ; the Hamil ton fossil ore near !Manors-
ville; at old Juniata furnace, south of Newport;
at Girty's Notch, on the Suscjuehanna, and at
various points along the south side of Mahanoy,
Crawley's, Dick's and Pisgah Hills, and back
of the Susquehanna River, at Marvsville.
Small coal-beds have been opened near Dun-
cannon and near Mt. Patrick, in the Pocono
sandstone rocks (X.) of Berry's and Buffalo
Mountains, but they are, of course, worthless.
The great length of the zigzag outcrop of the
Lower Helderberg limestone (No. VL), amount-
ing in all to one hundred and fifty miles or
more, has filled the county with quarries, and a
large trade in lime to other counties is carried
on in Liverpool township. Four remarkable
22
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
trap-dykes cross the cove in Rye and Penn
townships ; the largest, Ironstone Ridge, is the
north end, in Perry County, of the remarkable
dyke which crosses Cumberland County. It
makes a water-shed across the valley of Fishing
Creek, nine miles west of Marysville. It must
be two hundred feet wide, for its blocks cover a
width of five hundred. Another much smaller
one runs five hundred yards east of it, also N.
10° E. Two others cross the cove in a direc-
tion N. 20° E., one of which, passing Duncan-
non, runs across Wheatfield and Watts town-
ships. Here have been found the first speci-
mens of Onohus Clintoni and of Pal(Basj)is
bifurcata, Palceaspis Americanus and Onchus
Pennsylvanicus, the oldest fish as yet known."
The Juniata River runs through the north-
eastern part of this county, and towards this
river and the Susquehanna nearly all the land
in the county slopes. Into the Juniata River
flow Buffalo, Little Buffalo, Wild Cat, Coeola-
mus and Raccoon Creeks, and into the Susque-
hanna, West Fisher's, Sherman's, Juniata and
Hunter's Creeks. The main valleys of the
county are Sherman's, Horse, Liberty, Raccoon,
Buffalo, Wild Cat, Pfoutz's and Kennedy's.
The soil of Perry County is largely sterile,
formed to a great extent, as it is of Chemung
shales. In Pfoutz's Valley there is some very
excellent soil. There is much iron-ore in the
county, for which at present there is little
demand.
Snyder. — " Area, three hundred and twenty
square miles. Its border on the west bank of
the Susquehanna, from Northumberland down,
is (in a straight line) eighteen miles. Through
its centre runs the Shade Mountain's anticline
of Medina sand.stone. No. IV., gradually bury-
ing itself under Onondaga and Clinton i-ocks
No. v., which passes across the river at
Selin's Grove, and splitting into two crests on
the Juniata County line, between which lies a
high and narrow little vale of Hudson River
slate. No. III. Outcrops of No. VI. limestone
and No. VII. sandstone follow the south foot
of the mountain past Freemount, Freeburg,
and Kantz post-office. Another outcrop of
VI. and VII., twenty-eight miles long, follows
the north foot of the mountain past McClure
City, Adamsburg, Beaverton, Paxtonville,
Middleburg, and Kreamer post-office, where it
forms the hilly north bank of Middle Ci'eek, to
the Susquehanna, just above Selin's Grove and
the mouth of Penn's Creek. The northern
county line follows the top of Jack's Mountain
to its end, at Centreville, and along the foot of
Jack's Mountain (composed of Clinton and
Onondaga No. V.) runs a third outcrop of VI.
and VII., eighteen miles long, from Bannerville,
on the Mifflin County line, past Troxelville, to
Centreville and New Berlin, on Penn's Creek.
The three townships south of the first VI. and
VII. outcrop, and the space between the two
other outcrops (i. e., the middle of the great
valley between Stone Mountain and Jack's
Mountain), are occupied by rocks of the
Hamilton, Portage and Chemung, No. VIIL,
and the lower beds of Catskill, No. IX. The
well-known fossil iron-ore banks of the Clin-
ton group. No. V. have been opened at a great
number of points along the foot of Jack's
Mountain, along the north foot of Shade
Mountain, especially at Paxtonville, Adams-
burg and Middleburg, and along the south foot
of Shade Mountain, at Freeport and Free-
mount. The sand-vein ore-bed, the highest in
the series, and resting on the ore sandstone,
is a fossiliferous limestone; often nearly des-
titute of iron, but in places rich enough to
yield twenty and even forty per cent. ; usually
soft along the outcrop, and always hard below
drainage level ; less than two feet thick along
Jack's Mountain, and dipping 25° at Centre-
ville, 38° at Ulsh's Gap, 40° at Bannerville;
south, along Shade Mountain, at Smith's
Grove, one foot thick, dip .30° north ; from
Middleburg to Paxtonville, too small to work,
dip 45° north ; at and west of Beavertown, soft
fossil ore, twenty inches to twenty-six inches.
The Danville ore-beds, underlying the ore sand-
stone, are three fossil limestone beds, impreg-
nated with iron, close togetlier, one or other of
them very rarely becoming three feet thick, and
all softening for a variable number of yards
from the surface down the dip and in propor-
tion to its gentleness. The black ore-bed or the
iron sandstone (one to twelve inches thick) un-
derlies the Danville ore-bed by one hundred
PHYSICAL FEATURES.
23
and fifty feet. In the five hundred feet of
olive shales beneath it the highly esteemed
bird's eye fossil ore, one hundred to one hun-
dred and fifty feet above the top of the Medina,
No. IV., lies at Paxtonville, six to fourteen
inches thick, on a gentle north dip, and soft
where the covering of shale is thin." There is
little demand for these ores at pi-esent.
Snyder County is an extension of the Lewis-
town Valley to the east, bi-oken into two parts
by Shade Mountain. The slope is wholly to
the east and into the Susquehanna River, except
a very small portion of the extreme western
portion of the county, which is drained west-
ward by Jack's Creek. The streams falling
into the Susquehanna within this county are
West Mahantango, Xorth Mahantango, Middle
and Penn's Creeks. In quality the soil is in-
termediate, neither very rich, nor yet sterile.
Some of the bottom lands are very fertile.
Union County. — Union County is wild
and broken by mountain ranges in the west,
while along the river, to which the land all
slopes, it is a country of broad, fertile valleys.
In the western part ai'e the " Seven Mountains,"
which gradually sink into the earth as they
approach the river on the east. The valleys of
the eastern part of the county, commencing at
the south, are Dry, Buffalo, White Deer and
White Deer Hole. In the western part of the
county the valleys run into the mountain spurs,
and terminate in numerous small valleys, hav-
ing but one outlet, and called " coves." The
streams which drain Union County, commenc-
ing on the south, are Penn's, Turtle, Buffalo,
White Deer and White Deer Hole Creeks. All
empty into the West Branch, except Penn's
Creek, which breaks through the ranges of
Jack's Mountain and falls into the Susquehanna,
below the junction of the two branches at
Northumberland.
While the amount of limestone soil in this
county is not large, there is a large amount of
very fertile soil, which is cultivated with great
care.
The area of Union County is three hundred
and ten square miles. " The western part of the
county is occupied by seven anticlinal mountain
spurs of Medina sandstone. No. IV., lying
eastward beneath a low country of Clinton and
Onondaga No. V., across which the river flows,
exhibiting the rock-arche.s in succession. A
triple synclinal runs up west between Jack's
Mountain and the Buffalo Mountains, and
along the deepest central line has been pre-
served a low ridge of Lower Helderberg lime-
stone, No. VI., for five miles west and three
miles east of Mifflinburg. A loop of No. VI.,
supporting Oriskany sandstone. No. VII., runs
west of Lewisburgh, south of Buffalo Creek five
miles and returns to the river north of the
creek. A small area of Marcellus shale lies
between the loop and the river. A third out-
crop of VI. and VII., four miles long, crosses
Gregg township, and a small area of Marcellus
lies north of it. The zigzag red line on the
map represents the Bloomsburg red shale di-
vision of the Onondaga, No. V. ; and between
this red line and the edge of the Medina runs
a similarly zigzagged outcrop of the Clinton
fossil iron-ore beds. The mines have been
wrought for Union furnace, on the banks of the
river, four miles below Lewisburgh, in 1853.
Here, at the end of Longstowu Ridge, was first
mined the lowest of the Danville beds, twenty
inches to three feet thick. In the slope, a mile
west, the soft ore goes deeper at the notch, but
in the hill, on each side, turns to hard ore.
Half a mile further west ore lean, four to six
inches. In Chapel Hollow, four miles west of
the river, bed varies rapidly four to eighteen
inches. Two miles further west, ravine ; lower
levels, hard ore; upper levels, soft; three beds
close enough to be worked together ; in all, ten
to twelve inches ore. West of the ravine the
two upper beds, each six to ten inches, are
worked together ; the other is four inches. The
Price mine is six miles from the river, worked
by tunnel ; two lower beds, eight to twelve
inches, have yielded forty thousand tons of
superior ore. At the Maize bank they yield •
ten inches ; at the IMoyer bank six to twelve
inches. The Kelkner mine is less than a mile
from New Berlin ; north of which the Colton
mine is on a three to six-inch bed, and a mile
west of it Seabold's mine has four to six inches
of soft ore ; but further towards Centreville
are no mines." Ore is found in various other
24
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
points in the central, northern and western
portions of the county, but there is little de-
mand for it at the present time (1885).
BOTANICAL.
The following lists are known to be incom-
plete. The plants named have been observed.'
LIST OF TREES.
Abies Excelsa Norway spruce.
Abies nigra Black spruce.
Abies Canadensis Hemlock spruce.
Acer saccliarinum Sugar maple.
Acer dasycarpum White maple.
Acer rubrum Red maple.
Acer platanoides Norway maple.
Acer spicatum Mountain maple.
Acer Pennsylvauium Striped maple.
^sculus glabra Buckeye.
.(Esculus Hippocastanum Horse-chestnut.
Amelanchier Canadensis Shad-berry.
Asimina triloba Pawpaw.
Betula cuta Birch cherry.
Betula nigra Black birch.
Betula alba White birch.
Betula Denta River birch.
Carpinus Americana Irouwood.
Carya alba Shellbark.
Carya microcarpa Small fruited shell-
bark.
Carya tomentosa Mock hickory.
Carya sulcata Ribbed hickory.
Carya porcina Pignut hickory.
Carya amara Bitter-nut hickory.
Castanea vesca Chestnut.
Cornus florida Dog-wood.
Cercis Canadensis Judas tree.
Diospyrus Virginiana Persimmon.
Euonymus atropurpureus Burning-bush.
Fagus ferruginea Beech.
Fraxinus Americana White ash.
Fraxinus sambucifolia Black ash.
Fraxinus pubescens Red ash.
Fraxinus viridis Green ash.
Fraxinus quadrangularia Blue ash.
Gleditschia tricanthos Honey locust.
Gymnocladus Canadensis Kentucky coflFee-tree.
Juglans cinerea Butternut.
Juglans nigra Black walnut.
Juniperus Virginiana Red cedar.
Larix Americana Larch.
Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip-tree.
Magnolia acuminata Cucumber-tree.
Morns rubra Red mulberry.
Morus alba White mulberry.
^ The names of any omitted will be thankfully received
by G. G. Groff, M.D., Lewisburgh, Pa.
Negunda aceroides Box elder.
Nyssa multiflora Black gum.
Ostrya Virginica Hornbeam.
Pinus rigida Pitch pine.
Pinus strobus White pine.
Pinus inops Scrub pine.
Prunus Americana Wild plum.
Prunus serotina Wild black-cherry.
Prunus Pennsylvanioa Wild red-cherry.
Platanus occidentalis Sycamore.
Populus tremuloides Aspen.
Populus monilifera Cottonwood.
Pyrus coronaria Wild crab-apple.
Quercus alba White oak.
Quercus obtusiloba Post oak.
Quercus macrocarpa Burr oak.
Quercus ilicifolia Bear oak.
Quercus castanea Chestnut oak.
Quercus nigra Black oak.
Quercus rubra Red oak.
Quercus coccinea Scarlet oak.
Quercus palustris Pin oak.
Robina pseudacacia Black locust.
Sassafras officinale Sassafras.
Salix tristis Gray willow.
Salix alba White willow.
Tilia Americana Basswood.
Thuja occidentalis Arbor- vitae.
Ulmus Americana White elm.
Ulmus fulva Red elm.
Ulmus racemosa Corky elm.
Viburnum lentago Sheep-berry.
LIST OF SHRUBS.
Alnus incana Hoary alder.
Andromeda ligustrina Andromeda.
Azalea n udiflora Azalea.
Ceanothus Americanus New Jersey tea.
Celastrus Scandens Bitter sweet.
Celtis occidentalis Hackberry.
Cephalanthus occidentalis Button-bush.
Chimaphila umbellata Winter-green.
Chimaphila maculata Spotted green.
Cornus Canadensis , Dwarf dogwood.
Cornus stolonifera Red dogwood.
Cornus paniculata Panicled dogwood.
Cornus alternifolia Alternate-leaved dog-
wood.
Corylus Americana Hazel-nut.
Corylus rostrata Beaked hazel-nut.
Crata?gus coccinea Scarlet thorn.
Crataegus crusgalli Cockspur thorn.
Crata'gus par vifolia Dwarf thorn.
Diervilla trifida Bush honeysuckle.
Epigtea repens May flower.
Gaultheria procumbens Winter-green .
Gaylussacia brachycera Box hucklebei'ry.
Gaylussacia frondosa Blue huckleberry.
Gaylussacia resinosa Black huckleberry.
EARLY GLIMPSES OF THE INTERIOR.
25
Hamamelis Virginica Witch-hazel.
Hydrangea arborescens Wild hydrangea.
Ile.K verticillata Black alder.
Ilex la-vigata Smooth winter-berry.
ICalraia latifolia Mountain laurel.
Kalmia angustifolia Narrow-leaved laurel.
Lindera Benzoin Spice bush.
Lonieera parviflora Small honeysuckle.
Louicera ciliata Fly honeysuckle.
Prunus pumila Dwarf cherry.
Pyrus angustifolia Crab-apple.
Pyrus arbutifolia Choke-berry.
Rhododendron maximum Great laurel.
Rhus typhina Staghorn sumach.
Rhus copallina Dwarf sumach.
Rhus aromatica Fragrant sumach.
Ribes histellum Smooth gooseberry.
Ribes rotundifolium Round-leaved goose-
berry.
Ribes lacustre Bristly leaved goose-
berry.
Ribes prostratum Fetid currant.
Ribes floridum Black currant.
Rosa Carolina Swamp rose.
Rosa rubiginosa Sweetbrier.
Sumbucus Canadensis Black elder.
Sambucus pubens Red elder.
Spirea opulifolia Nine bark.
Staphylea trifolia Bladder-nut.
Sy mphoricarpus racemosus Snowberry .
Syringa vulgaris Common lilac.
Viburnum prunifolium Black haw.
Viburnum acerifolium Maple-leaved haw.
LI.ST OF FERXS.
Adiantum pedatum Maiden-hair.
Aspidium thelypteris Shield fern.
Aspidium noveboracense Shield fern.
Aspidium spinulosum Shield fern.
Aspidium marginale Shield fern.
Aspidium acrostichoides Shield fern.
Asplenium trichomanes Spleenwort.
Asplenium ebeneum Spleenwort.
Botrychium Virginicum Rattlesnake fern.
Botrychium lunarioides Common moon wort.
Camptosorus rhizophyllus Walking leaf.
Cystopteris fragilis Bladder fern.
Dicksonia punctitoba Dicksonia.
Onoclea sensibalis Sensitive fern.
Osmunda regalis Flowering fern.
Osmunda Claytouiana Clayton's fern.
Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon fern.
Phegopteris hexagonoptera Beech-fern.
Pteris aquilina Common brake.
Pteris ebeneum Ebony fern.
Polypodium vulgare Common polypody.
Struthiopteris Geremanica Ostrich fern.
There is one rare plant in tliis district thus
de-scribed by Professor E. W. Claypole, —
" There is one species almost peculiar, being known,
so far as I am aware, at only one other locality. The
box huckleberry [Gaylussacia trachycera) grows
abundantly on a small tract of about ten acres near
New Bloomfield. To this space it is, I believe, lim-
ited. Outside the county it is found on the banks of
the Indian River, near Millsborough, Sussex County,
Del., as reported by Mr. A. Cummings. It was de-
scribed many years ago by Michaux, from Virginia
(Winchester and Warm Springs), but has been found
there by no one since.
" It appears to be a lingering relic of the ancient
flora of the county, maintaining itself on the sterile
hillside of Chemung shale, but liable to be destroyed
by cultivation at any time. It is exceedingly plenti-
ful, forming a perfect mat over much of the ground,
but its limits are sharply defined without apparent
CHAPTER II.
EARLY VIEW OF THE PENNSYLVANIA INTERIOR—
THE JUNIATA AND THE TUSCARORA INDIANS-
EXPLORATIONS OF THE INDIAN TRADERS.
BY PEOFESSOR A. L. GUSS.
Early Glimpses of the Interior. — These
volumes profess to give an account of five of the
interior counties of Pennsylvania, a region that
has but little very early history, for the white
men went almost all around it before it was pene-
trated, and the first explorations made by traders
unfortunately were never written, or at least
not preserved. Yet there are some early
glimpses into this interior too interesting to be
entirely neglected.
At an early day the Spaniards were in the
Chesapeake Bay and named it St. IMary's,
from which they carried a native to Mexico,
where he was educated and baptized. He after-
wards returned with some priests to Axacan, on
a large river flowing into the bay, where they
established a missionary station. After a few
months he apostatized and assisted in killing
the missionaries. He had related to the Span-
iards that by going up a great river, flowing
into the bay, for eighty leagues and crossing
over the mountains there were two great water-
courses, one of which led to China, as they sup-
posed, and by the other furs were carried in
26
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
canoes to the mouth of the St. Lawrence and
traded for Indian goods. The one route led
across the Alleghenies to the Ohio, whence
news had come of white men in Mexico sup-
posed to be China ; the other route led up the
Susquehanna to the lakes and the St. Lawrence.
The story presents a pleasing picture of our
rivers, which from time immemorial were thor-
oughfares of Indian traffic, while the land was
interwoven with a net-work of their jjaths. The
Indians Avith which these Spaniards came in
contact were of the nomadic Algonquins.
The French in Canada gave the name An-
dastes, or Gandastogues, to all the Iroquois-
speaking tribes south of the Five Nations. The
"Jesuit Relations of 1659 " state a tradition that
prior to 1600 these Pennsylvania tribes had
almost exterminated the Mohawks in a ten
years' war. The tradition is valuable in that it
shows that before the New York tribes obtained
fire-arms the Pennsylvania tribes were fully able
to cope with them in war.
In 1608, before Captain John Smith explored
the Chesapeake Bay, he was told by Powhatan
of " a mighty nation, called Pocoughtaouack, a
fierce nation that did eat men." This name
meant " Destroyers." These were Pennsylvania
Indians, and this is the first word given by any
white man of anything tiiat belongs to tlie ter-
ritory of this State. Smith says, — " Many
kingdoms he described to me to the head of the
bay, which seemed to be a mighty river issuing
from mighty mountains bet^vixt two seas."
This is the Susquehanna, extending northward
among the mountains and situated between the
ocean and the lakes. William Straciioy, who
wrote a few years later, confirms what Smith
says of this tribe. " To the northward of the
falls, and bending to the northeast, lieth the
skirt of the iiighland country, from whence the
aforesaid five navigable rivers take tlieir heads,
which run through the lowland into the Chesa-
peake Bay. This quarter is altogether unknown
to us as yet, only herein are seated, say the In-
dians, those peojile whom Powhatan calls
Bocootawwanaukes." These pioneers differ in
spelling this oldest of all our Indian names,
though the sound is nearly the same. It was
not fashionable in old days for even the same man
to spell an Indian name twice in the same way.
We next learn of this interior in 1608, when
Captain Smith, in exploring the Chesapeake
Bay, visited the mouth of the Susqueliamia
River. On the east side of the head of the bay
he found a Nanticoke tribe, whom he calls
Tookwoghs. one of whom understood Powhatan ;
another one understood the language of the Sus-
quehannocks, a nation of whom they told Smith,
and so-called by them because of the numerous
springs in their country, as compared with the
sandy eastern shores of the bay, the name mean-
ing Fresh -water-Stream-Landers, or the people
from the region of tiie springs, literally the new
water. He sent these two men up the river to
induce some of them to come down. After
waiting three or four days, sixty of those "gyant-
like people " came down and they had a friendly
talk. As Smith could only ascend the river a
few miles on account of the rocks, he made dil-
igent inquiry as to the upper parts of the river
aud the towns and tribes located upon it and its
brauches. He drew a pen-picture of a Susque-
hanna giant and placed it in the corner of a
map which he made of Virginia, as all the
country was then called. It is the oldest map
of any of our inland parts. He gives the river
and its principal branches, and five towns with
kings' houses. The lowest one is " Sasquesa-
hanough," from which the delegation came,
supposed to have been located near Columbia.
Writers have hei'ctofore located all these towns
below the Kittatinny Mountains. The draw-
ing of the stream aud tiie location of these towns
was done from descriptions given him by these
Indians, imperfectl}' understood on account ot
the double interpretation necessary aud liis own
imperfect knowledge of the Powhatan tongue.
The proper view is more comprehensive. Smith
was looking for an outlet into the " Back Sea "
and for a near way to China, as instructed by
the King's Council, and was not inquiring after
the little creeks in I^ancaster and York Coun-
ties. We may rest assured that his map rep-
resents the principal branches of the river.
"Quadroque " is at the forks at Northumber-
land. "Tesinigh"is on the north branch at
Wyoming. "Utchowig" is on the head of the
West Branch. "Attaock " is on the Juniata.
EARLY GLIMPSES OF THE INTERIOR.
-27
Althouj^h this branch is laid down as entering
the main river below the Susquehannoek town,
yet there can be no reasonable doubt that it
was intended for the Juniata. Smith drew
what he understood them to say, during his
short interview, were the principal parts of the
river and the distinctive tribes on the several
branches. It is no objection to this interpreta-
tion that it does not harmonize with the scale
of leagues. Indians are very indefinite as to
distances after they get far from home ; and
Smith may have neglected to adjust this exten-
sion into an unseen region to the scale adopted
in the map. That he had, however, no petty
contracted view of this stream is evident from
his own words, for he says this river " cometh
three or four days' journey from the head of the
bay." It was not characteristic of the man to
confine his inquiries to narrow bounds ; and his
map, which is a marvel of accuracy, does not
(leal in small features, but gives the great out-
lines of the country. Smith's publications make
no reference to these tribes, but they were
doubtless all Andasta tribes, using dialects of
the throat-speaking Iroquois stock, and perhaps
allied for defense in times of war. When we
recall Smith's description of the language spoken
by those he met, the " hellish voyce " " sounding
from them as a voyce in a vault," and when we
look on the picture he drew of the great chief,
we may wsU conclude that we hear and see the
" king " of Attaock on the Juniata, for no
doul)t, in language, dress, head-gear and mode
of life, if not in tribal alliance, they were sub-
stantially alike.
All along the shores of the Chesapeake Bay
Smith found the natives in dread of the Mas-
sawomekes (Great-water-men), who lived beyond
the mountains on a lake, and harassed the coast
tribes by their incursions, especially those re-
siding on the rivers Potomac and Susquehanna,
for they " had so many boats and so many men
that they made war with all the world." Smith
met seven canoes of these men at the head of the
bay, but could not understand a word they said.
The early Virginia historiiuis " supposed " that
they were " possibly " and " probably" ^Mohawks,
or ancestors of the Five Nations. Later writers
assert this suggestion as a positive fact. The
conclusion is unwarranted and the historians
are wrong. The interior of Pennsylvania was
then full of hostile tribes, through whom such
war-parties could not have traveled ; and Smith
expressly asserts that they came from a great
lake beyond the mountains at the head of the
Potomac. Daniel Gookin, who was familiar
with this country from Virginia to Massachu-
setts, from 1621 to 1674, to whom the character,
location and identity of the Five Nations were
well known, at the latter date, asserts that
Smith's Massawomekes were the Indians on a
great interior lake. It is interesting to learn
how our valleys were travei-sed by these war-
riors in this early period.
In 1614 the Dutch established a trading post
near Albany. Shortly afterwards three of their
men wandered out into the interior along the
Mohawk River and crossed the dividing water-
shed to Otsego Lake, the very head of the Sus-
quehanna River. They came down this river,
and by the Lackawanna Creek and the Lehigh,
passed over to the Delaware River, where, below
the Trenton Falls, they were rescued from the
Minequas, M'ho held them in captivity, by Cap-
tain Heuflricksen, who happened to be there
exploring the bay and river. These three Dutch-
men were the first white men that ever set foot
on Pennsylvania soil. A " paper map '' found
at the Hague in 1841 illustrates their travels,
and beyond the Susquehanna River, in the region
of the Juniata, gives an Indian tribe named
"lottecas," from information doubtless gained
from Minequas then living across the river from
Conestoga. Whether this word was an effort
to write the name from which our word Juniata
is derived, is a matter for speculation. The
locality and the source of information seem to
lead to that conclusion, but brevity here ex-
cludes a full statement of the argument.
In September, 1615, Champlain made an
expedition against the Ononilagas in New York,
starting from a point near Lake Simcoe, in Can-
ada. He sent Stephen Brule across the enemy's
country to the borders of Pennsylvauia for a rein-
forcement of five hundred men of the "Carantow-
annais," enemies of the New York tribes. He did
not reach the fort in time to aid Champlain, who
was wounded and forced to retreat. Brule re-
28-
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
turned and wintered at the chief town, which he
said could muster eight hundred men ; and the
tribe had two other towns, in one of which the
three Dutchmen were taken prisoners, for he men-
tions this* fact, whicli fixes the date wlien Hen-
driclvsen rescued them with " kettles, beads and
merchandise." Tlie next spring Brule descended
the Susquehanna to its mouth, but lias left us
little of historic value ; but the little that we do
gain from these adventurers is exceedingly valu-
able in that it proves that at this period the
Pennsylvania tribes were abundantly able to
take care of themselves, and even to loan large
numbers of warriors to their friends in Canada.
In 1632 Captain Henry Fleet visited the
head of tide on the Potomac, and had an inter-
view with some natives called " Massomacks or
Cannyda Indians," comprising four populous
countries, who lived some five days' journey up
the river. They were called Tonhoga, Mosticum,
Shauntowa and Usserahak. While at the falls
above Washington City there came there seven
cannibals, lusty savages, of haughty language,
with strange attire and red fringes, desiring use-
ful goods rather than trinkets, who were called
" Hirecheenes," who lived three days' journey
beyond the Tohogaes, and "do drive a trade in
Canada at the plantation," which is fifteen days'
journey from this place, and they had such
(Biscay) axes as Captain Kirk traded in Canada.
From the direction, distance and language, we
doubt not they came from the Susquehanna or
its branches. We cannot here discuss the prob-
able identity of these tribes, but the relation
presents an interesting picture of Indian life
aifecting this whole interior at this very early
date.
In KJoo Visscher published a map, in Amster-
dam, of New Netherland, in which the Susque-
hanna is laid down witJi some degree of resem-
blance to reality, but without any West Branch
or Juniata, and having its head branches nearly
identical with the "paper map" drawn by some
one from the descriptions given by the three
wandering Dutchmen. During the next half-
century there were some fifteen different maps
published, all having this same river outline.
On all these majjs, on the west side of the river
just where the Juniata belongs, there is the name
of an Indian tribe called "Onojutta Haga" —
a name which beyond all doubt contains the
root of the word from which "Juniata" is de-
rived. " Haga " is the Mohawk word for peo-
ple, tribe or nation ; the first part means a pro-
jecting stone.
In 1648 there was published "A Description
of the Province of New Albion," etc., sometimes
called the " Plantagenet Pamphlet." It says :
"The Sasquehannocks' new town is also a rare,
healthy and rich place ; with it a crystal, broad
river, but some falls below hinder navigation,"
and further, " the Sasquehannocks are not now
of the naturals left above 110, though with their
forced auxiliaries, the Ihon a Does and Wicome-
ses, they can make 250 ; these together are counted
valiant and terrible to all other cowardly, dull
Indians." We are interested in these forced
auxiliaries. The Wicomeses were a tribe in
lower Maryland. The crude spelling " Ihona-
does," or " Jhonadoes," in this crude pamphlet,
is so nearly identical M^itli the word Juniata,
and no other name in all this region does resem-
ble it, that we may safely conclude that at
this period the Juniata j)eople were either in vol-
untary or forced alliance with the Susquehan-
nocks.
Van der Donk, in 1655, published a history
in which he says : " Many of the Netherlanders
have been far into the country, more than sev-
enty or eighty leagues from the river and sea-
shore. We frequently trade with Indians who
come more than ten and twenty days' journey
from the interior." He says that half of the
buffaloes have disappeared and left the country,
and now " keep mostly to the southwest, where
few people go." The beavers, of which eighty
thousand are annually killed, are also " mostly
taken far inland, there being few of them near
the settlements." Unfortunately, no accounts
have come down to us of these great journeys
into the interior, which is described as abound-
ing in lakes, rivers and creeks.
In 1670, Augustine Herman made a map of
Maryland for Lord Baltimore. Herman lived
at the head of the bay and knew the country
well. The north line of Maryland is given as
crossing " Onestego R." (Conestoga Creek) near
Lancaster, and " The jiresent Sasquahana In-
EARLY GLIMPSES OF THE INTERIOll.
29
flian Fort," called "Canoge," was on the south
side below " the greatest fal," near the two Con-
ewago Creeks. The corner of the map back of
Harrisburg is a cluster of mountain ranges, and at
the eastern base is a lengthy note, from which we
gather these facts : Tliat beyond these moun-
tains the streams run to the west, either into the
Bay of ilexico or the South Sea ; that the first
one discovered was a very great stream called the
" Black Miuquas "River (Ohio), on which lived
the tribe of that name ; that there was a branch
of the " Black Minquas River" (Couemaugii) op-
posite to a branch of tiie Susquehanna (Juniata),
which entered at some leagues above the fort ;
that formerly these " Black Minquas" came over
along these branches as far as the Delaware
river to trade, but that " the Sasquahana and
Sinnicus Indians went over and destroyed that
very great nation." The "Black Minquas"
were not so called because they were black, but
because they wore black badges on their
breasts.
The following laconic message sent by the
Susquehanna tribes to those in Canada proves
how little they feared the Iroquois before they
obtained fire-arms. It is taken from the "Jesuit
Relations of 1642." "Our Fathers among the
Hurons have informed us that the Indians of
Andastohe, whom we believe to be neighbors of
Virginia, and who formerly had important alli-
ances with the Hurons in such a way that- in
the one country may still be founrl people of the
other country — these Indians, I say, have trans-
mitted tJK'se few following words to the Hurons:
We are infi)rmed that you have enemies. All
that you have to do is to lift the tomahawk,
and we guarantee that either they will conclude
peace, or that we shall make war with them."
About 1(540 the Dutch began to sell fire-arras
to the Five Xations, and in a few years they had
furnished as high as four hundred of these deadlv
weapons, with ammunition, to the Mohawks.'
These equipments enabled the Five Nations
to enter upon a high career of military conquest
and glory. The thousands of the surrounding
tribes, Mhom they hated, were as nothing before
a few hundred armed Iroquois. They carried
• Pa. Arch., N. S., vol. v. p. 78.
their conquests over the Western States, even
beyond the Mississippi ; they desolated all the
cognate tribes in Canada and around Lake Erie,
incorporating the captives into their own can-
tons ; they carried their conquests far down the
Ohio Valley ; they entirely destroyed the An-
dasta tribes in Pennsylvania, among whom were
the "Scahentoar-rouon" (Great-flats-people), at
Wyoming, the "Otzinachson," or Cave Devils,
on the West Branch, and the Standing-stone
tribe on the Juniata, until only the " Susque-
hanna Minquays or Conestoga Indians " were
left. These withstood their onslaught for manv
years, being also pai'tly armed by the Swedes
and assisted by the Marylanders. When the
English superseded the Dutch, in 1664, one of
the stipulations which the Iroquois made for the
continuance of their good-will and trade was
that the English do not assist "the Ondiakes,"
(Andastes), and with all these advantages they
were so fearful of these tribes on the Susque-
hanna that in 1666 ten Oneida chiefs M-ent to
JNIontreal and begged the French to come and
erect forts in their country to protect them
against the Andastae-ronnons. At length, in
1676, being deserted by their allies, the last of
the Andastes were overcome, and their remnant
left as a tributary outpost or stopping-place in
their forays still further southward. When
they gave these Susquehannocks the final blow
the English felt sorry, but did not dare to aid
them.
The Iroquois claimed all the lands on the
Susquehanna and its branches, and sold them
to ^Villiam Penn and his heirs as their territory
by right of conquest. As early as 1684, when
Penn was trying to negotiate for some of these
lands, the Iroquois spoke of this whole region as
"the Susquehanue River, which we won with
the sword;" and Governor Thomas Penn ex-
pressly acknowledged this right in these words,
in 1736: "The lands on Susquehanna, we be-
lieve, belong to the Six Xations by the conquest
of the Indians of that river." At the treaty in
Lancaster, in 1744, they made these same con-
quest claims to all the lands in Maryland and
Virginia, from the Blue Ridge westward. These
rights were enforced and acknowledged, and
their " Shanandowa " lands paid for accordingly.
30
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The whole Juniata region was a conquered,
empty interior, used as an Iroquois hunting-
aground from the time of these conquests up to
the period when the Tuscaroras were allowed
to settle there. Subsequently for a time the
Delawares and Shawanese were allowed to occupy
these deserted regions. At the time of its con-
quest there were no white adventurers, or traders,
or historians on the Juniata, nor anywhere in
the interior. No Jesuit missionaries were there
to relate the story of their extirpation ; but their
journals, written among the Hui'ons and Iro-
quois, are full of references to expeditions to the
southward, and relate the bringing of vast num-
bers of prisoners into the New York towns from
the south, mentioning as high as six hundred at a
single time. Wherever history has lifted the veil
and given us a glimpse of their operations, it tells
the same story. By this analogy we can pretty
well determine the fate of the Juniata and other
Andasta tribes in Pennsylvania. The exact
date of this extirpation is uncertain, but the fact
is clear. Most of the relics found in this region
are the remains of this anterior race. The for-
est upon their corn-fields was only partly grown
up when the white settlers first came, and they
were sometimes mistaken for " barrens," because
the trees were small ; and in other cases their
cleared " meadow land" was eagerly seized upon
by the pioneer settlers.
The Juniata Tribe — The Origin and
Signification of the Name. — We have
already referred to certain words, used by
writers and found on maps, denoting towns and
tribes in the region of the Juniata River. They
are Attaoek, on Smith's map, 1608 ; lotteoas,
on Hendricksen's pa^jer map, 1616 ; Ihon a
Does, in the New Albion pamphlet, 1648 ;
Onojutta-Haga, on the Visscher maps, 1655
and later. Whatever may be thought of the
former, we have in the last word, beyond all
reasonable controversy, the oldest known form
of the word which has ripened into Juniata.
The latter part, haga, is the Mohawk word
denoting tribe, people, nation, inhabitants of
any place. The other part is the same word
from which the term Oneida is derived. The
reader knows that among Indians there were
many dialectical variations, and even in the
.same tribe different persons pronounced the
same word with considerable variation, and
where there is no standard it is hard to deter-
mine which is correct. The Indian ear, moreover,
did not distinguish between many of the sounds
in use among us. In Iroquois words, "o " and
" u " represent one sound, and " t " and " d "
are variants, as are also "j," " k," " eh" etc.
Hence, in the following words pronounce " o "
as in "do;' "ij" and "j" as " y." The
languages and education of Europe, ignorance
and many other causes have helped to produce
an almost interminable variation in the spelling
of our Indian names during the period when
the unwritten was first put in written form.
Tlie Iroquois used no lip sounds, but spoke
from the throat with an open mouth. In eas-
ing the organs of speech certain breathing
sounds M'ere used, especially in certain dialects,
which some white men tried to indicate by
letters and others omitted. The initial " /" in
Juniata is only an introductory breathing-
sound, and is without signification. In the
name Oneida it did not take permanence ; in
Juniata it did. Compare the French Onontio
with the English Yonondio, meaning the Gov-
ernor of Canada ; also the names Onondagas and
Sonnontowans, Jenontoicanos, Tsanandowans,
(Senecas) both derived from onnon, a mountain.
The name Juniata, like Oneida, is derived from
onenhia, onenya or onia, a stone, and kaniote,
to be upright or elevated, being a contraction
and corruption of tlie compound. Onenniote
is rendered " the jn-ojecting stone." Horatio
Hale also translates, in the " Iroquois Book of
Rites," the word onenyute or o nen yo deh, as
" the protruding stone," denoting the name of
a town. Only the latter part of the second
word has been retained in the compound.
Zeisberger gives oneijaas the Mohawk woi'd for
stone. Another form is oonoyah. In Onondaga
the form onaja is given. The Tuscaroras seem
to have prefixed a syllable and said owrunuay.
Sir William Johnson says that the onoya, a
stone, is the true symbol of the Oneidas, and
tliat they hence called themselves onoyuts
(Doc. His. N. Y., iv. 432). They desig-
nated their village by a stone in the fork of a
tree, and when on the war-path as a defiance to
THE JUNIATA TRIBE.
31
their enemies. The French forms of their
name are Onneyouth, Onneyote, Onneiouts,
Onoyauts. The Hurous would call them
Oiiayoh'li-ronons. Briiyas wrote it Onnejoutas.
Hennepin wrote Hoiinehioufs. In our pro-
vincial records, May 9, 1704, it is given as
Honoyoothachs. James Logan, in 1720, wrote it
Oiieyookces. Conrad Weiser, in 1742, wrote it
A nayints. These variations, selected from over
threescore, will prepare the mind of the reader
for some differences in spelling Juniata before
its orthography became fixed.
The Onojutta-Haga on the map is proof that
the Dutch map-maker learned from the Mo-
hawks that beyond the Susquehanna, in the
region of the Juniata River, there was a tribe
of Indians known as the projecting or standing
stone people. The map material was probably
collected prior to 1650. The name reappeared
on many maps, and the close identity in form
and signification suggested the idea that they
were the same people, and that the Oneidas
came originally from the Juniata ; or at least
that those on the Juniata at an early date were
a part of the Oneidas This ideii was advanced
long ago, and it did not die out very quickly.
On a map made probably in the earlier part of
the last century, and afterwards used to illus-
trate missions, and also post-routes along the
Atlantic towns, there appears an Indian town
in the undelineated interior of the Juniata
region called " Onnoyoute," with explana-
tion,— " F (cirt) of the Iroquois." It seems to
be taken from Moll's maps of 1720. The
town is well inland beyond the Susquehanna,
and is beyond doubt the Standing vStone.
When the white people came to penetrate and
explore this region, they found no resident
tribe, and not knowing that the armed Iroquois
had depopulated the Avhole country, they con-
ceived the idea that these Indians must have
removed to New York. Even as late as 1854
a township adjoining the borough of Hunting-
don was named " Oneida " under the impres-
.sion that the word meant Standing Stone ; and,
strangely enough, Mr. Africa, in his history,
says that Oneida is the Seneca Indian term for
.standing stone. There is, however, no reason
why two cognate tribes, entirely separated by
distance and organization, may not have had the
same name, or one which had a shade of differ-
ence then well understood by them, but now-
undetermined by us, which, in this case, was
most likely the fact. The Oneidas were cer-
tainly never a resident tribe on the Juniata.
The Onojutta-Haga were a defunct tribe before
the white man visited their country, or came
near enough to save an account of them.
Their name, however, would not die with them.
Mountains repeat and rivers murmur the voice
of extirpated nations. Long as this stream
flows down its gentle bed, its name shall remind
us that once along its banks lived a people
whose tribal insignia was the beacon stone.
Nationality with our Indian tribes is dated
from the period of their assuming to build a
separate council-fire. Surrounding circum-
stances determined their name. Viewed in an
historic light, a tact always present in the mind
of an intelligent Indian, this name carries with
it the story of their origin. We can best illus-
trate by reference to the Oneidas, who were also
a stone tribe. They lived on a highland between
their lake and the Susquehanna River, near a
sheltering hill, on the top of which was an orbic-
ular boulder, at which they built their council-
fire, and around which they assembled to delib-
erate on national afJairs. This was their beacon
stone, and here the signal light and smoke,
visible as far as the eye could carry, was the
rallying sign for their kindred. In the course
of time they looked upon this spot with super-
stitious reverence. Here they had arisen. They
were the red granite stone people, and their
sacred legends taught them that M-hen the Great
Spirit made the world, he made their country
first, and their ancestors came up out of the
ground like the trees. Being fii-st craited, they
looked upon themselves as the original Simon-
pure Indians, superior to all others, having even
the color of the ground from which they sprang.
The projecting stone was the totem or sign-mark
of the nation. Their name carried with it the
whole story of their origin, superiority and
sacred legends. The name thus beaime an
epitome of their history.
The Juniata people, no doubt, had a similar
story of their origin, varied to suit their par-
ticular case. They had not come from a distant
land, but were autochthons, sprung from the
ground itself; as one of the Iroquois oratoi-s said
at Lancaster, in 1744, " our ancestoi-s came out
32
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA
of this very ground." The precise locality
where they origiDated, and the particular kind
of a stone tribe they were, can now only be
determined by the lingering legends and tradi-
tions. Fortunately, these have not all perished.
Names are locally tenacious. Geographical
vestiges assert the claims of extinct nations to
an inheritance in the past. The Juniatas were
of Iroquois stock, and their nauie belongs to
that class of languages. When the Delawares
came, they adopted the old name for the stream,
pronouncing it Juchniada ; but when they came
up the river, and found it localized at Hunting-
don, they translated it to Achsinnink. The
white man followed, applied the old name to
the river, and again translated it for the locality,
rendering it Standing Stone. The old totem-
post, it appears, remained. This, and the
traveliug Iroquois on their huntiugand maraud-
ing expeditions, kept alive the story of the ex-
tirpated tribe. It was then handed down to the
white people, who never saw or heard of the old
maps, or if they did, they could not have recog-
nized the root and meaning of the term. At
this place the traditions had been kept alive for
over one hundred years, but somewhat corrupted
by explanatory innovations. The Delaware
missionary, Heckewelder, says, —
" Juniata River. — This word is of the Six Nations.
The Delawares say Yucfmada or Chuchniada. The
Iroquois had a path leading direct to a settlement of
Shawanese residing somewhere on this river ; I un-
derstood where Bedford is. Juniata is an Iroquois
word, unknown now. The Indians said th.at the
river had the best hunting-ground for deer, elk and
beaver.
"Standing Stone. — Achsinnink is the proper name for
this place. The word alludes to large rocks stauding
separate and where no other is near. I know four
places within 500 miles which have this name, two
of which are large and high rocks in rivers. For
noted places where a small rock is they give the
nane Achsinnessink, the place of the small rocks."
Conrad "Weiser has left us the oldest record
of Standing Stone, August 18, 1748, then
seemingly already a well-known name for the
place. John Harris, in 1753, says it was "about
fourteen feet high and six inches square." Rev.
Philip Fithian, in 1775, says it was "a tall
stonecolumn or pillar nearly square," and "seven
feet above the ground." A remnant of this
stone is still preserved, having on it the name,
"J. Lukens, 1768," then surveyor-general,
and also other names, initials, and a great quan-
tity of hieroglyphics. Sherman Day, in 1843,
gathered the traditions of the oldest inhabitants.
McMurtrie told Day that the stone was eight
feet high when he came there, in 177(3. Day
says : " Previous to that time (1767) the j^lace
had been noted as the site of an ancient Indian
village called Standing Stone. (This was, of
course, a translation of the Indian name.) A
tall pillar of stone, four inches thick by eight
inches wide, had been erected here by the resi-
dent tribe many years since, perhaps as a sort
of Ebenezer. The tribe regarded this stone with
superstitious veneration, and a tradition is said
to have existed among them that if the stone
should be taken away the tribe would be dis-
persed, but that so long as it should stand they
would prosper. It is said that Dr. Barton, of
Philadelphia, learned in some of his researches
that Oneida meant Standing Stone, and that
nation, while living in New York, is said to
have bad a tradition that their ancestors came
originally from the south."
When we call to mind that these writers, and
the people from whom they obtained their infor-
mation, were not aware that the Delawares only
first inhabited these empty Iroquois hunting-
grounds about 1725, and that the original Stand-
ing Stone people had been exterminated three-
quarters of a century prior to this, it is not hard
to sift out of these traditions the misunderstand-
ings which time had woven into them. The
story of an Oneida southern origin was suggested
by the lack of knowledge concerning the ancient
tribe. The story of the Tuscaroras carrying
the stone away is unwarranted, from the fact
that they did not come into this region until
half a century after the extirpation of the Stand-
ing Stone people. The substance of these tradi-
tions is, however, no doubt true ; and even the
perversions rest upon a substratum of fact. No
doubt the Juniata or Standing Stone people in
their day, while roaming all over the whole
Juniata Valley, had their council-fire at the stone
pillar at Huntingdon ; that it was here that they
were autochthons ; that here the Great Spirit
THE JUNIATA TRIBE.
33
made them spring from mother earth like the
trees, and the ever memorable spot was marked by
the monumental stone in commemoration of this
important fact. It stood as a token of Divine
favor, ever reminding them from whence they
came. Signs and symbols were cut upon it ;
superstitious reverence associated it with the
perpetuity of the tribe, and it was guarded with
a zealous care. Its origin and the signification
of its hieroglyphics were explained to their
dusky sons, that they might drink in deep les-
sons of Indian patriotism and devotion.
There can be no reixsonable doubt that Juni-
ata is derived from the Onojutta of the Dutch
map, and that Achsiniunk and Standing Stone
are translations meaning the same thing. A
few years ago the writer met an educated Wy-
andot, one of the Huron stock, who speak a
dialect of the Iroquois tongue. The name
Onojutta- Hag a was written upon a piece of
paper and handed to him, and he was asked its
meaning. He at once commenced : " The peo-
ple of the mountain-top — the people of the
high, stony place — the people of the standing
rock ;" then pausing, as if he wished to catch a
better translation, we inquired how " Standing-
Stone-people" would ans«er. "That's it — that
is an excellent translation," said he. At first
glance he had thought the first part was de-
rived from ouon, a mountain, and he then
wrote " Onuntatte-Haga, " for mountain-top
people. This was a most striking confirmation
of the meaning of the name found on the old
maps, and the conclusion to which we had come
after long and patient investigation.
Heckewelder confessed his ignorance ; but
since then several interpretations have been
fruitlessly attempted. Some years ago a New
England lady, Mrs. M. D. Sullivan, wrote a
clever little poem about " Bright Alfarata" on
the " Blue Juniata," which was once very popu-
lar, and from it the impression has become
almost universal that " Juuiata" means " Blue
Water." This may indeed be very nice poetry,
and answer well for an Indian love-song, but
it contains no interpretatiou of the name.
Several dateless French maps, running possi-
bly along from 1700 to 1725, have the name of
the river, as in other cases, on those maps,
opposite the mouth of the stream, and they
give it !is Chemeuidc and Chemegaidc ; but as
there could be no "m" sound in it, that letter
is probably a mistake for "nn" or "n."
Conrad Weiser, a German, who had lived
some years among the JMohawks, gives tiie word
several times with the prefix " Sco ;" which is
probably derived from "skat" or"skota," one,
and that its use was to denote the stone standing
alone, the pillar by itself. It is the same idea
expressed iu the Delaware word, of a stone
standing alone where no other is near. Histor-
ically, it would be the river on which this one
stone stood by itself.
There was a Mingo chief called Half King,
who flourished about the Ohio in 1754, whose
name reminds us of Juniata. It is given as Ski-
rooniatta and Scruneyattha. It probably em-
bi'aces the Standing Stone idea, with a prefix
peculiar to the Conestoga or Tuscarora dialect.
It will be observed that the third syllable in
0-ni-a, which was. always present in the old
French and English forms for the name 0-ne-i
da, has suffered an elision, and the vowel has
become a diphthong with the one preceding it.
The word Juniata retains the original sound
much more correctly. The pronunciation, as
determined by its origin, should be Ju-ni-a-ta,
and not Ju-ni-at-a. The tendency to duplicate
the " t " is owing to the accent.
In addition to the spellings already given,
the following have been observed, and we ap-
pend the names of the writers, the dates and
references :
Soghneijadie. — N. Y. Comm's. of Ind. Aftrs., 1726,
N. Y. Coi. His., V. 796.
Cheniaty. — Isaac Taylor's raaji, 1728 ("?), Egle's " His.
Dauphin Co., '" p. 18.
Choniata. — Le Tort and Davenport, Oct. 29, 1731,
Pa. Arch., i. 302, and Secretary, June 18, 1733, Col.
Rec, iii. 502.
Juniata. — Secretary, July 7, 1742, Col. Rec, iv. 570
(first used).
Chiniotta. — Thomas McKee, Jan. 24, 1743, Col.
Rec, iv. 633, and Thomas Cookson, May 1, 1743, Col.
Rec, iv. 657.
Chiniotte. — Conrad Weiser, April 5, 1743, Col. Rec,
iv. 640.
Juniada. — Governor Thomas' Message, 1743, His.
Reg., i. 159.
Scokoo7iiadi/. — Conrad Weiser, April 9, 1743, Col.
Rec, iv. 648.
34
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Chiniotto.—Thom&s, Cookson, April 22, 1744, Pa.
Arch., i. 646.
Juneauta.—Rey. D. Brainard, Sejjt. 20, 174.5, Wat-
son's " Annals," ii. 191.
Joniady. — Conrad Weiser, June 17, 1747, Col. Rec,
V. 87.
Scohonihady. — Conrad Weiser, June 1.3, 1748, Col.
Eec, V. 285.
Schohonyady. — Conrad Weiser, June 13, 1748, Col.
Rec, y. 285.
Junietto. — Col. James Burd, Sept. 22, 1755, Pa.
Arch., N. S., ii. 690.
Juniatia. — Secretary, May 19, 1757, Col. Rec, vii.
540.
Juniaita. — William Johnson, Sept. 22, 1757, N. Y.
Doc, His., i. 415.
Juniefa. — George Croghan, Sept. 10, 1757, N. Y.
Doc. His., ii. 756.
Junilia. — George Croghan, Sept. 10, 1757, N. Y.
Doc. His., ii. 757.
Jimeata. — Pouchet's Map, 1758, Pa. Arch., N. S., vi.
409.
Juniatto. — James Burd, Oct. 31, 1760, Pa. Arch., N.
S. vii. 428.
Jiineadey. — Rough Draught, 1762, Egle's " History
Dauphin Co.," p. 438.
Coiiiata. — Watson's "Annals," ii. 191, and Pa. Law
Book, No. 6, 245, March 21, 1798.
The phonetic unity of these forms will be
readily seen by the following, bearing in mind
what has been said about pronunciation :
0 -no -jut -ta -Haga
Che -ne -gai -de
Sogh-ne -ija -die
Che-ni - a -ty
Cho -ni - a -ta
Chi -ni - ot -ta
Sco -koo -ni - a -dy
Sco - ho -ni - ha -dy
Scho - ho -ny - a -dy
Juch -ni • a -da
Ju -ni - a -dy
Jo -ni - a -dy
Ju -ni - at -ta
Ju -ni -a -ta.]
The Tuscarora Indians. — To the Tusca-
rora tribe of Indians there is attached a .special
interest, because they were once inhabitants of
the Juniata region, and because they have left
their melodious name upon one of its moun-
tain ranges, one of its finest valleys and one of
its large creeks. Hitherto no writer has ven-
tured to state how the word " Tuscai'ora " came
to be applied, geographically, in this locality.
Historians do uot even tell us that the tribe of
that name were ever residents of the valley.
They have generally contented themselves with
the statement that the Tuscaroras, after a war
of three years with the white people, were
driven out of North Carolina ; that they then
came northward to New York and were adopted
by the Five Nations, which thus formed the
Six Nations. The date is variously given as
about 1712, '13, '14 or '15, while one writer
.says, " The date (1714) is well known." An-
other declares that " it is impossible to fix the
date of this exodus." This variation at once
proves that their history has been very imper-
fectly investigated. When and how the name
came here, no writer has stopped to inquire.
The question why this locality, situated midway
from Carolina to New York, should have this
name so freely and so early fastened upon it,
has led the writer into an extensive examina-
tion of their history and the documentary ar-
chives relating to them; and the information thus
gained, though upon the whole satisfactory, is
much more meagre than would naturally be ex-
pected.
David Cusick, a native chief of the Tusca-
roras, has written their traditions, which, if
properl}- interpreted, will doubtless throw some
light on their prehistoric life. These legends
trace a common descent from the same stock as
the Hurons, Iroquois, Susquehan nocks and
Eries, a conclusion now amjjly proven by the
fact that they all sjjoke dialects of a com-
mon language. These traditions claim that the
" Real People " were created and resided in the
northern regions. After many years they were
encam2ied upon the St. Lawrence. Passing
through many trials and conflicts with giants
and monsters, they formed a confederacy with a
council-fire on the St. Lawrence, and possessed
the banks of the Great Lakes. The " Real
People " were on the south side of the Great
Lakes. The northern nations appointed a prince
who visited the great emperor at the Golden
City, which was the capital of a vast empire to
the south. In the course of time this emperor
built many forts in his dominions, and, by ex-
tending his realms, penetrated northward al-
most to I^ake Erie. The " Real People" began
THE TUSCAROKA INDIANS.
35
to fear the loss of their country soutli of the
Lakes, and a war of perhaps a Imudred years
ensued. The nortliern nations prevailed and
totally destroyed the towns and forts. These
people were doubtless what we now call Mound-
Builders. In after-years the northern nations
had war among themselves. At length there
were several families of the " Real People " hid
in a cave near Oswego, to whom the Great
Spirit, called Tarenyawagon, the Holder of the
Heavens, appeared. He took them towards
sunrise, and then passed down the Hudson to
the sea, where a portion of them were detached
and went southward. The rest returned and
were successively planted as separate nations by
the Holder of the Heavens, and their language
was changed so as to form dialectical variations,
though in a measure they could still understand
each other. Atler establishing the Five Na-
tions, the rest came to Lake Erie, and then,
going between mid-day and sun-setting, — that
is, southwest, — they came to a great river (the
Ohio, or the straits near Detroit), where some
crossed by means of a grape-vine, which finally
broke and left some permanently on each side.
The Kautanoh, since Tuscarora, in their mi-
grations, went to the south, and, crossing the
Allegheny Mountains, came eastward to the
ocean.
At the time of the early settlements by the
white men the Tuscaroras were found on the
Xeuse, Tar and Pamlico Rivers and on the
head-watei-s of the Roanoke, Cape Fear and
James Rivers, where Captain John Smith calls
them ]\Ionacans, and they may have extended
as far north as the Potomac, thus forming a
continuous belt of Huron-Iroquois-speaking
tribes from Canada to Carolina. Bricknell, an
early writer (17.'>7) on North Carolina, describes
the Tuscaroras as " one of the civilized tribes
amongst the English that lived near the Sea."
The Chowan, the ^Meherrin and the Nottawav
Rivers still retain the names derived from
branche-s of this tribe, — flowing monuments
of a people now long passed away. Ho^\•
closely these various subdivisions were leagued
together, or whether any real confederacy
existed, it is impossible now to tell ; but, in the
early days, it seems certain that the term Tus-
carora bore the same relation to these southern
tribes that the word Iroquois did to the Five
Nations of New York. The origin of the name
seems to be involved in some obscurity. Mor-
gan, in his " League of the Iroquois," defines
Dusge-oweli-ona as meaning the "shirt-wearing
people." This is unsatisfactory, because it im-
plies that Europeans ad(jpted a nick-name
which other tribes had applied to them after
they had been long enough in contact with the
white man to adopt the shirt-wearing habit.
The only interpretation that is natural and
probable is that given to the writer by a
Wyandot chief a few years ago. He says it is
derived from " Tuskaho," and means those dis-
posed to be among themselves, or those not
wanting to live with others. The latter part of
the name seems to be a corrupted form of
" rouon," " ronu " or "ona,"the Huron name
for people, tribe or nation. This, then, would ha
the old name given them by all the Irot^uois-
speaking tribes, because they were isolated and
lived by themselves, and as such it M'ould be
naturally acquired by the English at an early
period.
"When Raleigh's ships, in command of Gren-
ville, in 1585, visited the Carolina coasts, there
were among the colonists a philosojiher and
historian, named Harlot, and a painter named
White. " Harlot's Virginia," published by De
Bry in 1590, gives us pictures of two Tuscarora
towns. The apparel, fashion, manner of living
and constructing villages had probably knowu
little change tor long centuries prior to the
innovations introduced by the white man.
Hariot's account and the illustrations of White
are the most precious pictures of unadulterated
Indian life, in peace and war, and are more
valuable than any made in subsequent years.
One of them proves the great attention that was
paid to agriculture. It is an Indian Eden.
Unlike the hunting and fishing nomads farther
north, they subsisted almost entirely on vegeta-
bles, which they cultivated in great abundance,
while labor among them was not considered de-
grading or confined to the women. They
cultivated corn, beans, melons, squashes, gourds,
ground-nuts, potatoes and tobacco. The picture
of " Secotan " shows that they were in this
36
JUxNflATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
respect far in advance of any of our tribes of
whom we have minute information.
Our first definite information comes from
Lawson, who lived in contact with them for
years and knew them well. He said, '' They
have many amiable cjualities. They are really
better to us than we have ever been to them, as
they always freely give us of their victuals at
their quarters, while we let them walk by our
doors hungry, and do not often relieve them.
We look upon them with disdain and scorn,
and think them little better than beasts in
human form ; while, with all our religion and
education, we possess more moral deformities
and vices than these people do.' His " Hi.story
of Carolina," written about 1710, published in
London in 1718, says that the Tuscaroras had
fifteen towns and twelve hundred warriors,
making a population of about six thousand per-
sons. This did not include the Virginia Notta-
ways and other tribes allied linguistically.
Lawson says that all the tribes were reduced to
one-sixth of their original number since their
intercourse with the white people, caused chiefly
by rum, small-pox and deadly weapons. They
were mild, kind, not warlike, but ingenions
and industrious. We cannot avoid the con-
clusion that, had they been properly treated,
they could easily have been civilized and made
a very useful part of our population. They
were, however, brutalized by the white men,
robbed of their lands, their youths kidnapped
and sold into slavery, and their decimated
remnant driven northward into an unknown
interior. From the time of the first settlements
there had been peace and harmony with the
Tuscaroras for some sixty years. Unlike Penn
and his predecessors, the Swedes and the Dutch
on the Delaware, the white people of Carolina
did not recognize in the Indian any right to the
soil. They took possession of the lands as the^'
wished, without purchase. These enci'oach-
ments at length began naturally to create
jealousy and distrust, and finally, with other
grievances, ripened into hatred and resistance.
The story of their wrongs cannot fail to awaken
our .sympathy.
In 1709 and 1710 there were six hundred
and fifty German Palatines transported to North
Carolina under the leadership of a Swiss named
De Graffeuried. The proprietaries of the prov-
ince assigned them large tracts of the Tuscarora
domain. In September, 1711, De Graffenried
and Lawson, surveyor-general, went up the
Neuse River to locate these lands and see how
far the stream was navigable. They were cap-
tured by a band of sixty Indians, and hurried
to a distant village of the Tuscaroras. Lawson
was regarded by them with bitter hostility, as
his duties led him to locate the grants of the
proprietaries. They were incapable of compre-
hending responsibility beyond the immediate
agent in an act. They held him responsible for
the loss of their lands. They therefore, after a
discussion of two days, put him to death with
cruel torments. De Graffenried was also con-
demned, but he told them he was a chief from a
different tribe from the English, and promised
to take no more of their land. After being kept
for about five weeks he was allowed to return.
While the fate of these men was yet unknown
a secret conspiracy was formed among the Tusca-
roras, Corees, Pamticos, Cothechneys, Metamusk-
eets and Mauchapuugos to cut off all the white
people, each tribe operating in its own district.
The Corees butchered over one hundred Pala-
tines. Planters and Huguenot refugees were
stricken down and hunted with pine-knot
torches through the forests at night, and indis-
ci'iminate slaughter was visited upon all white
intruders. This massacre took j)lace September
22, 1711, a day and year long remembered,
especially by the Germans, who observed it as
a day of fasting and prayer. The survivors
fled to places of refuge, and appeals for aid were
sent to South Carolina and Virginia. The
former sent Colonel Barnwell, with six hundred
militia and three hundred friendly Yamassee
and other southern Indians, and some eighty
thousand dollars were voted to carry on the
war. Governor Spottswood, of Virginia, met
the northern sub-tribes on the Nottaway, on the
7th of November, and secured them in a treaty
of peace to desert their allies in the hour of their
extremity. The Tuscaroras were driven ta
their temporary fortifications, about twenty
miles above Newbern, defeated, and a hundred
of their warriors slain and the others forced to
THE TUSCARORA LNDIANS.
37
terms of peace. The North Carolina goveru-
luent (lid not have time to take much part in
this war, as it was just then engaged in dissen-
sions with the Presbyterians, Quakers and
Lutherans, in an effort to establisli the Church
of England (Episcopal) in that province. Pres-
ident Pollock wrote to Lord Craven, in 1712,
that the war was caused by " our divisions,
chiefly occasioned by the Quakers and some
other ill-disposed persons," during which feeling
ran so high that the two counties were in arms
against each other, and " the Indians were in-
formed by some of the traders that the people
who lived here were only a few vagabonds who
had run away from other colonies and settled
here of their own accord, so that if they were
cut off there would be none to revenge them."
In fact, the province at that period sported both
a " President " and a " Governor," and it is
more than intimated that one of them urged the
Indians to slaughter the other party. On the
way home, Barnwell and his troops, in violation
of the treaty terms of capitulation, seized some
of the young Indians for the purpose of selling
them into slavery. This crime seems, for years
prior to tliis, to have been one of the grievances
under wliich the Tuscaroras were suffering;
and in this instance, in face of the capitulation,
was a most flagrant outrage. Historical writers,
while crediting the Tuscaroras with everything
done by their allied tribes, usually omit this
provocation ; but, as might have been expected,
it caused the war to break out again. South
Carolina was again called upon, and James
Moore, a former Governor and a needy adven-
turer, was just the man to engage in such a bus-
iness, for he had been for years attempting to fill
his empty purse by kidnapping Indians and
selling them into slavery. He came with a
small militia force and over one thousand
southern Indians. The Tuscaroras were driven
into a fort on the Xeuse River, in Greene Coun-
ty, called Naharuke, where, on ^larch 26, 1713,
after a terrible battle, beside those killed, eight
hundred were made prisoners, all of M'hom were
sold as slaves, and were even shipped to the
northern colonies for a market. There was an
ad\'ertisement in the Boston Neies-Letter of
that year wanting purchasers for these southern
Indians. After a three months' campaign the
remaining iiostilc Tuscaroras were driven from
their ancient habitations, and forced to abandon
the hunting-grounds, corn-fields and graves of
their fathers, and seek a refuge on the Juniata,
in a secluded interior, " near the Susquehanna,"
in Pennsylvania. Elias Johnson, a native Tus-
carora historian, says this " bright, sunny June
morning was one of the darkest days that the
Tuscaroras ever witnessed." He says, " Me-
thinks I can see them leaving their once cher-
ished homes — the aged, the helpless, the women,
the children, and the warriors are faint and few
— the ashes are cold on their native hearth ;
the smoke no more curls up from their lowly
cabin; they move on with slow and steady
steps ; they turn to take a last look upon their
doomed village, and cast a last glance upon the
long-cherished memories of their fathers' graves.
They shed no tears, they utter no cries, thev
heave no groans, they linger but a moment,
they know and feel that there is for them still
one more remove further, not distant or unseen."
The story of the Tuscarora war, as here given,
is gathered chiefly from the historians ; but it
falls far short of the facts. The white people
in Carolina made no pretense to buy the lands
from the Indians. Step by step they took
possession, and drove the natives back from
their villages and cultivated fields. Yet all
this was nothing compared with the persistent
and continued practice of kidnapping the young
boys and girls, and selling them into slavery in
the West Indies and all along the coasts,
wherever they could find purchasers. This re-
mark is not intended to be limited to the cap-
tives taken in time of war. Long before the
war Tuscarora Indians were carried to and sold
even in Pennsylvania. The enslavement of
these Indians excited the greatest apprehensions
on the part of the Delawares and other resident
tribes. They justly feared it would soon come
their turn ; and. at length, to allay the uneasi-
ness, the Assembly of Pennsylvania passed an
act, in 1705, that "whereas the importation of
Indian slaves fi-oni Carolina, or other places, hath
been observed to give the Indians of this Prov-
ince some umbrage for suspicion and dissatisfac-
tion," it was enacted that after March 2-5, 1 706,
38
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
such importation be prohibited, except such slave
Indians as had deserted from their masters, and
such as had been slaves for a year in the impor-
ter's family.' A man looks in vain for a parti-
cle of evidence, even in the Pennsylvania As-
sembly, that such enslavement was wrong. The
quasi prohibition is based on expediency and
mercenary motives, and because " the Indians
to the southward " are in " a general commo-
tion." An act of June 7, 1712, passed during
the Tuscarora war, to promote a better corre-
spondence with the Indians, forbade their impor-
tation, but provided for their sale as slaves to
the highest bidder, in case any should be im-
ported.
On June 8, 1710, Colonel John French and
Henry Worley, in behalf of the Council, met
an embassy of three chiefs of the Tuscaroras
at Conestoga in the presence of the chiefs of
the resident tribes. They proceeded after the
Indian custom to lay down belts of wampum,
and deliver the words of which the belts were
tokens. " The second belt was sent from their
children l)orn and those yet in the womb, re-
questing that room to sport and play, without
danger of slavery, might be allowed them."
The third belt came from the young men, who
wanted the privilege of hunting food for their
aged " without fear of slavery or death." The
sixth belt came from kings and chiefs, who
wished a peace that would secure them "against
those fearful apprehensions that they have for
these several years felt." The seventh belt en-
treated " a cessation of murdering and captur-
ing them." ^ The general purport of the mes-
sage, when divested of Indian idioms, is unmis-
takable. There had been so many of them,
especially of their children, carried oiF into
slavery, others of their people killed in the
kidnapping forays, that they wanted to see if
arrangements could not be made for a migra-
tion to a more friendly province. It must be
borne in mind that at this period there was no
war, and that there must have been a systematic
stealing of these people in order to sell them
> Col. Rec. ii., 213 and 231 ; Dallas' Laws, i. 62.
2 See this quaint and graphic picture of Indian diplomacy
fully set forth in Col. Rec, vol. ii., 511.
into slavery. Their apf)eals were piteous, and
at this juncture they seem already to have been
willing to forsake the land of their fathers for
the sake of peace, and in order to avoid a con-
flict of which they already had fearful appre-
hensions. The truth of their story impressed
the agents of this province, who say that " the
sincerity of their intentions we cannot in any-
wise doubt, since they are of the same race and
language with our Seneques (Conestogas), who
have always proved trusty, and ha\'e also for
these many years been neighbors to a govern-
ment jealous of Indians, and yet not displeased
with them." They were told that, in order to
seciu'e a favorable reception, they must briug a
certificate of their good behavior from the
government from which they came. A man
comes to your door at midnight, saying he has
been beaten and robbed. You tell him if he
gets a certificate of his good behavior from the
robber, you will take him in.
On June 18, 1711, the Governor was at
Conestoga and informed the head men of the
Conestogas and Shawanese that Governor Penn
was " about to settle some people upon branches
of Potowmack." To this they replied that, ''as
they are at present in a war with the Tos-
cororoes and other Indians, they think that
place not safe for any Christians," as it is " be-
twixt them and those at war with them." As
all the tribes on the Susquehanna were subject
to the Five Nations, it is hard to see how they
could be at war with the Tuscaroras. It is
true that the report of Lawrence Clawson,
May 6, 1712, sets forth that the Five Nations
agreed to aid Virginia in the reduction of the
Tuscarora " murderers ;" but if they did so
promise under some* pressure brought to bear
upon them, it is certain they never did anything
to carry it out. The fact is, they were charged
with overt acts in aid of their brethren during
the war. Williamson, in his " History of
North Carolina," p. 197, quotes a contemporan-
eous writer, who says : " The Tuskarora In-
dians, numerous and well provided with arms
and ammunition, expect assistance from the
Five Nations, or Senecas ; hence they are con-
fident of success."
As already stated, however, the pressure was
THE TUSCARORA INDIANS.
39
too great. Their friends could not sufficiently
aid them, and they were crushed, their lands
forcibly taken and the pride of their nation
sold into slavery. Most of the remnant fled
to the north. It is remarkable that our co-
lonial records contain nothing about their ad-
vent at the time it occurred. This is the more
surprising when we observe how very jealous
they were of " strange Indians." On July 1,
1 707, when " several strange Indians from
Carolina " came to the Shawanese town on the
Susquehanna, a strong effort was made to get
their principal men to Philadelphia, to give an
account of " their reasons for leaving their
native country and transporting themselves
hither." September 14, 1715, those on the
Susquehanna were urged " to inform us of any
strangers coming amongst them." Why no
notice was taken of the influx of the Tusca-
roras can only be accounted for on the idea that
they settled so far inland and so distant from
any of the white people that it \vas at that
period not deemed a matter of public im-
portance. But this need not be wondered at
when we observe no minutes from October 15,
1713, to July 16, 171-t, and this record, July
30, 1716: "The clerk having neglected to
enter the minutes of what passed (on that day
with the Indians), as he did all others relating
to these people, which J. Logan himself took
not with his own hand, are, with others, irre-
coverably lost." The migration, however, ex-
cited positive expressions of fear in New York.
June 13, 1712, Governor Robert Hunter, of
New York, wrote to the Board of Trade :
" The war betwixt the people of North Caro-
lina and the Tuscarora Indians is like to em-
broil us all. The Five Nations, by instigation
of the French, threaten to join them." Again,
September 10, 1713, the same Governor wrote
William Popple : " The Five Nations are
hardly to be persuaded from sheltering the
Tuscarora Indians, which would embroil us
all." Here is a fear that the Five Nations
would make common cause with the Tuscaroras
against all the English colonies. The shelter-
ing evidently refers to allowing them to live
somewhere on their undisputed territories. Such
sheltering on the Juniata would, at that period,
be as effectual as in New York, and in many
respects preferable. How such sheltering would
"embroil us all" will be seen in the savage
letter of the Governor of Virginia to the Gov-
ernor of New York some seven years later.
At a conference held with the Five Nations,
September 20, 1713, as set forth in the journey
of Hansen and others to Onondaga, one of the
Iroquois orators said : " The Tuscarorase went
out heretofore from Us and have .settled them-
selves there (in Carolina) ; now they have got
in a war and are dispersed and have abandoned
their castles. But have compassion on them.
The EnglLsh have got the upper hand of them ;
they have abandoned their castles and are scat-
tered hither and thither. Let that suffice.
(Here follows a request that "Corlear," Gov-
ernor of New York, will act as mediator, as-
suring him that they will do no more harm.)
For they are no longer a nation with a name,
being once dispersed." A year after this, Sep-
tember 20, 1714, at a conference with Governor
Hunter, the Five Nations orator said : " We
acquaint you that the Tuscarora Indians are
come to shelter themselves among the Five
Nations. They were of us, and went from us
long ago, and are now returned and promise to
live peaceably among us." This, for the first
time, sounds as if some of the Tuscaroras were
actually living among the Iroquois ; though
being on the Juniata and along the middle
Susquehanna may, in the language of that
day, under the wide sway of Iroquois rule,
have been regarded as sheltering among the
Five Nations. If some of them were at this
date already in New York, this passage stands
alone in support of the fact ; and it is very in-
definite, and at most could only refer to a
small fragment of the tribe. It is utterly im-
possible to follow all the detached fragments of
the broken-up Tuscarora confederacy ; but there
is no evidence that the mass of them had pro-
ceeded any farther north at this time than the
Juniata region.
After the Five Nations had overcome the tribes
on the upper Susquehanna and the Juniata,
they finally conquered the Susquehannooks,
or Conestogas, in 1676. This opened up the
wa\' for predatory raids southward, and brought
40
JUMIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
them iuto collision with the governments of
Maryland and Virginia. In 1682 they were
forced to indemnify these provinces for their
depredations. Treaties were made and broken,
and the fault was laid at the door of the in-
discreet young men, who could not be restrained.
Albany was the place where the chain of friend-
ship was brightened from time to time, by giv-
ing large presents to these Indians. These goods
were purcliased at Albany, and became a regu-
lar source of income, and were looked forward
to like a modern government pay-day. In
December, 1719, the president of the Council of
New York wi"ote a circular letter to the Gov-
ernors of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia
and Carolina on Indian affairs. He observed
that the Five Nations living in that province
" think themselves slighted by the governments
to the southward," and he intimated that it was
time to come to Albany and hold a treaty with
them. This enraged Governor Spottswood, of
Virginia, who was opposed to " all the King's
Governors dancing many hundred miles to Al-
bany to treat upon every whim and caprice" of
"your savages," as he writes to the Governor
of New York. His sarcastic letter is dated
January 25, 1720. To this letter we are in-
debted for several items of interest in the early
alliance of the Tuscaroras with the Five Nations,
and what is of especial value is a statement
that will, we believe, solve the question as to
how the name "Tuscarora" came to be geo-
graphically fastened in Juniata County. The
only natural solution is that the tribe once re-
sided there, yet we have sought in vain for any
respectable histoiian who has ventured the
statement that they ever did live here. The
early traders to the Ohio, in following the
dividing water-shed between the Potomac and
Juniata, came to the ' Tuscarora Path," the
well-defined route used Ijy that tribe in tiieir
migration northward, and which led to their
settlement in the valley beyond. The first is
known as Path Valley to this day, and the
region where they had their headquarters is still
Tuscarofa A-^allcy, thus illustrating how lan-
guage adheres to the soil when the lips that
spoke it are resolved into dust. The language
of Gov. Spottswood, referred to, is as follows :
" In the years 1712 and 1713 they (the Five Na-
tions) were actually in these parts assisting the Tus-
carouroes, who had massacred in cold blood some
hundreds of the English and were then warring
against us ; and they have at this very day the chief
murderers, with the greatest part of that nation,
seated under their protection near Susquehannah
river, whither they removed them when they found
they could no longer support them against the force
which the English brought upon them in these parts.
During the Tuscouroro war about two hundred of
your Indians set upon our Virginia ti'aders as they
were going to the southern Indians with a caravan of
at least eighty horses loaded, and after killing one of
our people and shooting most of the horses, they
made booty of all the goods, declaring their reason
for so doing was because they did not carry their am-
munition to the Tuscouroroes. Is their close confed-
eracy with the Tuscouroroes any ways agreeable to
the Five Nations' answer which Lawrence Clauson
reports to your Commissioners on the 6th of May,
1712, and to be taken for the assistants promised to
reduce these murderers ? "
The above extract proves that, although the
great body of the Tuscaroras had left Carolina
in 1713, yet seven years afterwards, instead of
"being with the Five Nations in New York,
they were seated under their protection, near
the Susquehanna River, having been removed
there by tliem. The Five Nations had a close
coufederacy with the Tuscaroras, but they had
n(3t adopted them, nor had they taken them to
New York, but left them living near the Sus-
quehanna. In spite of the pressure brought to
bear upon them, the Five Nations had aided
their kindred, and in their extemity, had
allowed them to occupy a quiet interior region,
which they, in former years, had depopulated in
their exterminating wars to the southward.
Here, hemmed in by mountains, they were
beyond the reach of their enemies.
Tills position, that the Tuscaroras lived at
some distance from the Five Nations, is
strengthened by the assertion made by the
Board of Trade, July 7, 1720, that the rob-
beries and mischiefs complained of by Vir-
ginia had been committed by " some loose
straggling Indians of the Five Nations, who
had joined the Tuscaroras." This language
shows that the loose fellows straggled from
New York southward, and, living among the
Tuscaroras, were molesting the Virginia set-
THE TUSCAROllA INDIANS.
41
tiers. This would have been no excuse in
Ijehalf of the Five Nations, if tlie Tu.scaroras
were then living among tliem, and if they then
constituted a part of their confederacy.
The Tuscai'oras did not all come north at tlie
same time. They came in detached fragments
for at least fifty-five years. The Nottaways
remained until they entirely melted away. On
the breaking up of the hostile forces, in 1713,
tiie fragments of the several tribes scattered
in ditferent directions, seeking safety from
the vengeance of their overpowering foes.
This made them a roving, uneasy set of
fellows, who were constantly seeking to
better their condition by a change of resi-
dence. These fragments cannot be followed,
as they soon lose their identity in the com-
pany of remnants of other tribes similarly
situated. Yet we have the testimony of Gov-
ernor Spottswood that in 1720 "the greatest
part of that nation," including their chief
warriors, were seated near the Susquehanna, in
a region of which the white people knew little
or nothing. It is possible that all who came
north did not live in the Tuscarora Valley.
They had a wide scope of country over which
to roam, as it was then an empty interior. It
is possible that some of them may have gone
already as far as New York, but the bulk of
them must have been in Tuscarora Valley.
Their council-house, no doubt, was in the " old
fort field," near Milligan's, above Academia,
where their remains exactly corresj)ond with
what we know of these people. Their fort site
and mound will be found described under the
iiead of Beale township. There were at this
period no other tribes in this region. The
Delawares were then only beginning to leave
their native river, but had not crossed the
Susquelianna. The Shawanees, who hatl come
up from tiie south, the Conoys and Nanticokes
from Maryland, and the little squad of Cones-
togas, all lived east of the Kittatinuy Moun-
tains.
Frederick Kidder says : " It is certain that
the main part of the tribe had joined the
Iroquois in 1717." For this assertion there
is not a particle of evidence. Morgan, in his
" League of the Iroquois," says : " The Tusca-
roras were regarded as a constituent member of
the confederacy, although they were not ad-
mitted to full equality, as the Five Nations
•■vere oppo.sed to changing the number and
apportionment of tiie sachemships adopted at
the first organization of the league. Otherwise
they were equal." Samuel G. Drake, an In-
dian antiquarian, who has made extensive
researches into the history of North American
Indians, says : " The Tuscaroras from Cai'olina
joined them (the Five Nations) about 1712,
but were not formally admitted into the con-
federacy until about ten years after that — this
gained them the name of the Six Nations."
A strong confirmatory proof is found in the
fact that during this period they are never
mentioned at any of their conferences or treaties.
Conferences were held at Albany, September
20, 1714, August 27, 1715, June 13, 1717,
September 7, 1721, and August 27, 1722,
besides many other meetings with the Five
Nations, so called, but at which there is no
mention of the Tuscaroras. How could this
be if they were received and adopted, as
declared by our historians, immediately after
they came from Carolina ? The inference is
clear. During these ten years most of them
were on the Juniata, and after this probation
they were formally assigned a portion of the
Oneida territory, where they had their council-
house east of Syracuse.
On September 1, 1722, Governor Burnet
held a conference with the Five Nations, at
Albany, at which the Iroquois speaker said :
" We inform you also that three companies of
our people are gone out to fight against the
Flatheads (Catawbas), who have been our ene-
mies for a long time. There are also two
French Indians that live at Cadarachqni, that
went out a fighting two years ago towards Vir-
ginia by way of Cayouga and have their abode
among the Tuskarores that live near Virginia
and go backwards and forwards." Beyond all
doubt tlie Tuscaroras, among whom these two
French Indians had their headquarters, were
those in Tusearoi-a Valley. At this treaty Gov-
ernor Spottswood got the Five Nations to agree
to a division line along the Potomac and the
high ridge of the Allegiieny Mountains, to
42
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
prevent incursions between the northern and
soutiiern Indians. There are ten tribes enu-
merated on each side of that line. The Five
Nations are named in their order from east to
west, but the Tuscaroras are classified separately
with the tribes resident in Pennsylvania and
subject to the Five Nations. The Iroquois
orator said : " As you engaged for ten nations,
so do we, viz. : for the Five Nations and for
the Tuscarores, Conestogoes, Chuanoes, Och-
tachquauawicroones and Ostanghaes, which
live upon Susquehanna River." This would
seem to imply that these five tribes lived upon
the Susquehanna, but upon the 6th of Sep-
tember it is noted that the agreement made
with the Governor of Virginia was by the
whole Five Nations, including the Tuscaroras.
Evidently they were only then beginning to
reckon the Tuscaroras as a factor in connection
with the negotiations with the Five Nations.
On the same day it is recorded that the Indians
" gave six shouts — five for the Five Nations
and one for the castle of the Tuscarores, lately
seated between the Oneidas and Onondagas."
The word " lately" cannot possibly be acci-
dental. It is positive proof of their recent
settlement. At the conclusion of this treaty,
in the presence of the New York Commis-
sioners of Indian Affairs, the Five Nations,
calling themselves by that name, requested a
special interview with the Governor of Penn-
sylvania, and this is the way in which the
record introduces the Tuscaroras : " The next
day, the 14th da}' of September, the Governor
received, at his chambers, the ten chiefs of the
Five Nations, being two from each, together
with two others, said to be of tiie Tuscoroi'oes."
This is the first mention of tlie Tuscaroras in
the management of the affairs of the Five Na-
tions, and the expression denotes that their ap-
pearance in this capacity was something new.
On December 4, 1726, Governor Burnet, of
New York in speaking of the Iroquois, says :
" Who were but Five formerly, but now, by
sending for the Tuscaroras from South Caro-
lina, are become Six." Even as late as April
18, 1732, the Governor of Pennsylvania said :
" Those Indians by us generally called the Five
Nations, but of late the Six Nations, alias the
Minquays and Iroquois." Here we find the name
Six Nations only lately substituted for Five
Nations; the French term, Iroquois, and the
Dutch, Minequas, in the process of transforma-
tion into Mingos, strangely transferred from
the Conestogas, whom they conquered, to their
conquerors in New York, and finally especially
applied to a mixture of Conestogas and New
York Indians settled in Ohio.
It may seem strange that, from the time the
Tuscaroras left Carolina until they were adopted,
and became one of the Six Nations, that so little
is said of them, and that we have trouble to find
evidence of their location. This is explained by
their fragmentary condition, being too dispersed
to be regarded as a nation ; and partly by the fact
that the body of them were then living beyond
the range of white habitations, among the
mountains, perhaps not yet peneti'ated by the
ubiquitous trader ; and, again, partly because
further trouble with the white people was so
dreaded that for a season they were retired and
circumspect. Their town in Tuscarora Valley
was, however, not abandoned altogether when
they were adopted by the Five Nations, as is here
demonstrated by the following quotation. An
Indian boy (of what tribe is not stated, but
most likely a Tuscarora), held as a slave by
Nathaniel Ford, an Englishman on the Pedee
Eiver, called Constichrohare by the Indians (now
the site of Cheraw, Chesterfield County, S. C),
was carried away. Complaint was made, and
Governor Burnet and the Commissioners of In-
dian Affairs of New York, on September 13,
1726, made inquiry of the Iroquois concerning
this boy. In reply they used tliese words : " You
have made inquiry concerning a slave, whom
you say was taken by our people. We acknoM'l-
edge to have been of the company that took him.
He is given to Indians who live on a branch of the
Susquehannaii Kiver, which is called Soghneija-
die. Therefore we desire you to make a farther
inquiry, for thai place is nearer to you than to
us."' Beyond all doubt the branch of the Sus-
quehanna here named is the -Tuniata, and this
reference to it is especially interesting, as the
oldest mention of the name of this river, outside
' See N. Y. Col. Hist., vol. v. 796.
THE TUSCARORA INDIANS.
43
of ancieut maps, that we have been able to find.
No doubt the Indians who had this slave in
possession on the Sogh-ne-ija-die were Tusca-
roras, who still had a town in Juniata County.
The Dutch used " ij " as we use the letter " y ".
We read occasionally of some of the tribe being
in this part of the State in later years. Sep-
tember 5, 1730, we read that " three Tuskarorows
were missing at Pechston " (Harrisburg).
While we claim to have established for the
Tuscaroras a residence in the Juniata region
with a central council-fire and fort in Tuscarora
Valley, between their exodus from Carolina
aud their admission into the Iroquois confed-
eracy, we claim, also, that there were some
Tuscaroras still living at this outpost until after
the Juniata region was sold to Penn. John
O'Neal wrote a letter to the Governor from Car-
lisle, May 27, 1753, in which he remarks, —
" A large number of Delawares, Shawanese and
Tuscaroras continue in this vicinity — the greater
number having gone to the west." In an old
bill of sale for lands at Academia, in Tuscarora
Valley, written June 1, 1754, mention is made
of Indians then " settled on ye bottom, sur-
rounded by ye creek," which was a large loop,
known as the Half-Moon. John Armstrong
took up three hundretl anil fifty-six acres of
this land February 3, 1755, and in his appli-
cation says it is " whei-e some Indians, called
by the name of Lakens, live, some six miles
from the mouth of the Tuscarora," and George
Armstrong on the same day got a warrant for
land " on the south side of Tuscarora, opposite
to the settlement of the Indians called Lack-
ens."
The year 1756, following Braddock's defeat,
will be remembered as a time of border devas-
tations by the Indians, headed by French.
Among a series of letters and reports, written
at Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh), we find the fol-
lowing, dated September 15th :
"Two hundred Indians and French left Fort Du-
quesne to set fire to four hundred bouses in a part of
Pennsylvania. That Province has suffered but little
in consequence of the intrigues of the Five Nations
with Tnskarosins, a tribe on the lands of that Prov-
ince, and in alliance with the Five Nations. But
now they have declared that they will assist their
brethren, the Delawares and Chouanons (Shawanese),
and consequently several have sided with them, so that
the above Province will be laid waste the same as
Virginia and Carolina.''
It would seem, from this extract, that these
Tuscaroras, who lived in this province, were
friendly to the whites, and for a time served as
a partial protection to them in Pennsylvania.
We have met no such evidence elsewhere. At
this date the eastern jjart of the Juniata region
had been already devastated ; but the intima-
tion is that had it not been for a desire to win
over these Tuscaroras, the borders would have
suffered still more. We have no means for
ascertaining the number of Tuscaroras then
located here ; but it was probably not large.
^^'e cannot well doubt the statement here given,
as the French were well posted on Indian af-
fairs, and, at that tiiue, had parties out scouting
under their direction to murder and burn in a
style that is shocking to relate.
In a journal kept by Colonel James Burd,
while building Fort Augusta, at Shamokin,
June 4, 1757, we find these words : " This day
the Tuscarora tribe informed me they intended
setting off up the river ; I gave them provis-
ions enough, and five gallons of rum ; they set
off accordingly." From the abrupt manner in
which they are here spoken of, we infer that
this branch of the Tuscaroras had been living
near Shamokin, and probably stretching along
the Tuscarora Path southward to the Potomac,
or scattered over the Juniata Valley. There
seems to be evidence, also, that at still later
dates there were members of that tribe in Tus-
carora Valley. On August 11, 1762, the Gov-
ernor received a letter "taken from the mouth
of Angus, Tuscarora chief, by Eli Forbes,
missionary at Onohoquage." It is dated at
"Lower Tuscarora Onohoquage, July 8, 1762."
The chief Angus, or Akis, carried this letter in
person. The place is said to be " on the upper
waters of the Susquehanna." It contains this
sentence : " We should be glad to be informed
of the state and behavior of our brethren in
Tuscarora Valley, and to have some directions
about the way, as we propose to make them a
visit, and also should be glad of a pass or
recommendation in writing, that we may be
friendlv received on our wav to aud at the val-
44
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
ley." It may be argued that there is a Tus-
carora Valley in the southeast corner of Brad-
ford County, and that that may be the region
referred to in this and in the French extract
above given ; but this does not seem possible
for the following reasons : (1) The Tuscaroras
did not settle at the mission point in Bradford
County until ten years later (1766) ; (2) in
that locality they would have been no barrier
to any of the white settlements against Indians
operating against them from the Pittsburgh re-
gion ; and (.3) the chief Augus would not have
come from his town (A^'indsor, Broome County,
N. Y.), a little beyond that place, to Lancaster,
to inquire from the Governor the way to Tus-
carora Valley in Bradford County; and, finally
(4), his letter asks for a pass that would secure
him a friendly reception among the white peo-
ple, not only on his way, but also " at the val-
ley." There were white inhabitants at this time
in Juniata County, but none in Bradford County.
The conclusion is, therefore, that this chief desired
to visit his kindred in the Juniata Tuscarora
Valley. The fact is the more interesting as we
find, by the first assessment, taken the next year,
that there were over fifty settlers already living
in the valley. They must have settled among
these red men — a condition of affairs which we
have l)een slow to believe. When the last of
them took their departure we have found no
means to determine.
On December 16, 1766, one hundred and
sixty Tuscaroras from Carolina arrived at Sir
William Johnson's, in New York, Avho, while
on their way, at Paxtang, in Pennsylvania, were
robbed of their liorses and other goods to the
value of fifty-five pounds. In a diaiy kept at the
Moravian mission at Friedenshutten (Wyalus-
ing), during the year 1767, we find these entries:
"January 25th — two feetof snow fell last night.
The Tuscaroras were so alarmed, not being accus-
tomed to snow, that they all left their huts
down by the river and came up to us." In
February mention is made of several Tuscaroras
coming to the mission to stay there, who had
planted, the summer previous, at the mouth of
Tuscarora Creek, in AVyoming County. " In
May seventy-five Tuscaroras came from Caro-
lina." " They are lazy and refuse to hear i"e-
ligion." Corn had to be sent to them down
the river. They are described as half-starved,
miserable objects. In November, 1770, Sir
William Johnson says : "The Tuscaroras, since
the last of them came from the southward to join
the rest, may now number about two hundred
and fifty."
In the Revolutionary War the Tuscaroras
and Oneidas remained true to the interests of
the colonists, and their settlements were not de-
vastated by General Sullivan when he so severely
punished the other tribes for their apostasy.
Some time after the war the Tuscaroras migrated
to a reservation near Niagara Falls, at Lewis-
town, N. Y., where they still reside. Some of
them, however, have gone over to Canada and
a few to the West. Samuel Smith was the last
chief of those that remained in Carolina, and
died in 1802. Sacarissa and Solomon Long-
board, both chiefs of the northern Tuscaroras,
then brought up from North Carolina the last
remnant of their people, thus making the total
duration of their migration northward to cover
a period of eighty-nine years. They now
number about three hundred, and still retain
the peculiarities of their Carolina ancestors.
The men cultivate the soil with great success,
and the women are thrifty housewives. Those
southern tribes which aided the white people in
driving their ancestors out of Carolina, a couple
of years later, went to war with the white
people, because they refused to fulfill their en-
gagements when they employed them to fight
the Tuscaroras ; and in turn they were devas-
tated, and to-day are only known in history.
The Tuscaroras are the only living representa-
tives of all the Carolina tribes. In these de-
scendants there is still the blood of those who
first met Grenville, Lane, Hariot and White
in 158o.
Although the name Tuscarora is one of the
plainest of our Indian names, yet, in the prep-
ai-ation of this article, the writer has found at
least fifty-four variations in the spelling of the
word. These arise from ignorance in the
writers, dialectical variations in pronunciation
and many other causes. The inability of the
Delawares to pronounce the letter " r " has led
to curious variations. A town in Ohio, where
THE ERA OF THE TRADERS.
45
a number of this tribe had settled, was called
by the Delawares Tuskalawa, as given in Rev.
Charles Beatty's journal. By a compromise,
one of the displaced letters was restored, and
the valley is now known as the Tuscarawas.
Like other Indians, the Tuscaroras were
subdivided into families, named after animals.
They were bear, wolf, turtle, beaver, deer, eel and
snipe. Marriage within the clan was forbidden,
and all relationship reckoned in the female
line, in which alone the civil and military
chieftainships were hereditary.
The Eka of thk Traders. — At what dale
and by whom the Juniata and West Branch
Valleys were first traversed, aud the Alleghen-
ies first crossed by Europeans in a journey to
the Ohio, is unrecorded, and must forever re-
main unknown. The first men who ventured
into the unexplored forests among these mount-
ains were not given to keeping journals of their
travels for future historians. No one seems to
have thought of immortalizing himself by be-
queathing to us a good description, giving
minute details of tiie country and its tribes. At
first the natives brought their peltry hundreds
of miles to the Delaware River; but, in course
of time, these skins and furs became so valuable
in Europe that the worst class of men were
stimulated to penetrate the depths of the forest
in order to hasten and monopolize the trade.
In this way the whole Juniata and West
Branch regions were traversed long years be-
fore their settlement ; but the few literary
renuiants of those days scarcely furnish us a
local iiabitation and a name. From the days
of William Penn's advent up to 1722 the
Indian expenses were inconsiderable, being
limited by law to fifty pounds per annum. In
that year the Assembly paid Governor Keith's
expenses to Albany. In 1727 they refused to
pay more than half tlie amount of an account of
Conrad Weiser. In 1728, under an alarm,
they agreed to pay without limitation the ex-
penses of an Indian conference. After this
they sometimes paid half, and sometimes all.
The appetite for presents which the Indians ac-
quired was not easily satiated. Constant dis-
turbances, frequently caused by rum, called for
expensive treaties, and the donations allm-ed
the Indians and made them more insolent and
exacting. The expenses soon rose to over eight
thousand pounds, and the question whether
these treaties were more for the benefit of the
^proprietaries in buying lands than for the
safety of the peojsle gave rise to heated contro-
versy. The result was that Indian affairs
began to take a wider and more public range,
and the records of those days begin to throw
more light upon the uninhabited interior of the
country.
As early as 1722 we read that "William
Wilkins was 150 miles up Sasquehannah (above
Conestoga), trading for his master," John Cart-
lidge, a trader. Several Frenchmen engaged in
the trade lived among the Indians east of the
mountains, extending their travels up the Sus-
quehauna and its branches ; but, in what is said
of them and other traders, there is not a hint
that any one penetrated or crossed the Juniata
region prior to 1727 — and then it is only an
inference in the accounts of traders passing to
the Ohio.
On July u, 1727, at a council held in Phila-
delphia with the chiefs of the Five Nations, but
mostly Cayugas, also Conestogas and Ganawese,
Madam Montour, interpreter, we have the first
clear reference to the Juniata region. The rec-
ord makes them address the Governor as
follows :
" They desire that there may be no settlements
made up Sasquehannah higher than Pextan (Harris-
burg), and that none of the settlers there abouts be
suft'ered to sell or keep any rum there, for that being
the road by which their people go out to war, they
are apprehensive of mischief if thej' meet with liquor
in these parts. They desire also, for the same reasons,
that none of the traders be allowed to cany any rum
to the remoter parts where James Le Tort trades, —
that is, Allegan}' on the branch of Ohio. And this
they desire may be taken notice of, as the mind of
the chiefs of all the Five Nations, for it is all those
nations that now speak by them to all our people."
To this the Governor replied, the next day,
as follows :
" We have not hitherto allowed any settlement to be
made above Pextan, but, as the yo»ng people grow-
up, they will spread of course, yet it will not be very
speedily. The Governor, however, will give orders
to them all to be civil to those of the Five Nations
as they pass that way, though it would be better if
46
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
they would pass Sasquehannah above the mountains.
And the sale of rum shall be prohibited both there
and at Alegany ; but the woods are so thick and dark
we can not see what is done in them. The Indians
may stave any rum they find in the Woods, but, as
has been said, they must not drink or carry any
away."
Two interesting facts may be fairly inferred
from the above complaints. First, at this date
Le Tort, who had settled at Carlisle, it is said,
as early as 1720, was a well-known trader al-
ready at Allegheny, passing over the mountain
either at the Juniata and Kittanning path, or by
Shamokin and the West Branch. This is the
more interesting, as it was in this year that the
Shawanese began to pass over the mountains,
followed by some of the Delawares and the
restless young Iroquois, especially those of Con-
estoga descent, and began to settle on the Oliio,
then an uninhabited hunting-ground. The
second inference is that at the date of the above
conference there were white people already
squatted on the Susquehanna or Juniata, west
of Paxtang, or there were already such decided
symptoms of danger in this direction that the
Iroquois deputies considered it necessary to for-
bid that any one should presume to settle be-
yond the Kittatiuny Mountains. A violation
of this precautionary restriction led to a series
of complaints about intruders into the Juniata
region for the next twenty-seven years.
The reader will bear in mind that the Dela-
wares originally lived on the river Delaware ;
that, being encroached upon by the settlers,
they began gradually to remove to the Susque-
hanna, especially at Paxtang, Shamokin and
Wyoming, soon after the year 1700; that the
Shawanese first came up from the south in
1699 and settled on the lower Susquehanna,
the Conestogas going security for their good be-
havior ; that, about twenty-five years later, both
these tribes began to work their way westward,
along the Juniata and West Branch, and finally
passed over the mountains to the Ohio. Some
other remnants of southern tribes, such as the
Ganawese, or Conoys, the Nanticokes and the
Tuteloes, gradually .worked their way up the
main stream to the Six Nations, to whom they
and all these tribes were tributary, and into
which they were finally merged. It was
claimed by Pennsylvania, at the treaty in Al-
bany in 1754, and admitted by the Six Na-
tions, " that the road to Ohio is no new road ; it
is an old, frequented road ; the Shawanese and
Delawares removed thither about thirty years
ago from Pennsylvania, ever since which that
road has been traveled by our traders at their
invitation, and always with safety until within
tliese few years." Though the Delawares were
leaving their ancient river and settling on the
Susquehanna and its branches, and some of
their hunters were following the restless Shaw-
anese to Ohio, still the Governor observed, in
1728, that " all our Indians in these parts have
an entire dependence on the Five Nations." The
truth is, it was about this time, as demonstrated
by these movements, that the Shawanese especi-
ally began to manifest impatience under the
Iro([uois rule, and the Delawares dissatisfaction
at being displaced, feelings which eventually
culminated in openly aiding the French.
During the next twenty years the history of
Indian aifairs on Susquehanna, West Branch
and Juniata are often connected with an Iro-
quois agency on the northern border of the
district. More than a passing notice should be
taken of its principal managers. Allummapees,
alian Sassoonan, was a Delaware king, a chief at
Paxtang as early as 1709, and king from 1718 to
1747. He was a good-hearted Indian, true to
the English and an advocate of peace, and sup-
posed to be one hundred years old when he died.
Perhaps one of the finest and most prudent,
as well as able and sensible, characters that the
Indian business of those days brought to promi-
nence was Shickcalamy, Shikelimus or Shikel-
limo. As early as September 1, 1728, we find
Governor Gordon sending a message to Shamokin
by the hands of Henry Smith and John Petty,
Indian traders. From this we learn that
Shickcalamy was already at that post as the
deputy of the Six Nations and superintendent
of their subjects, especially the Shawanese. He
lived for ten years a mile below Milton, on the
Union County side of the river, a spot long known
as " Shickcalamy's old town." He then moved
to Shamokin, (now Sunbury), as a more conve-
nient place for the transaction of his public
business. He lived there until his death, in
THE ERA OF THE TRADERS.
47
1749. His name is, moreover, memorable as
thu father of " Logan, the Mingo chief," whose
name, from Logan's Spring, in MifHin County,
has geographical application all over the country.
At the date above given we find him thus spoken
of: " Shikellima, of the Five Nations, appointed
to reside among the Shawanese, whose services
have been and may yet further be of great ad-
vantage to this Government," and the Governor
adds, " he is a good man and I hope will give a
good account of them." He was first visited at
his old town by Conrad Weiser in February,
1737. Soon after he removed to Shamokin,
where he was visited by C'ount Zinzendorf, in
1742, who preached to him the gospel. lu
after-years he received that gospel with faith in
tears from Bishop AYatteville, and subsequently,
while on a visit to Bethlehem, he was received
into the Moravian Church, and before partaking
of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper he cast
away a small idol or totem which he wore about
his neck. He had during this trip with him
his two sons, whom he had baptized, calling
one after the above-named trader, John Petty,
and the other after that distinguished friend of
the Indians, and long the provincial secretary,
James Logan. Shickcalamy was a descendant
of the ancient Minequas or Susquehannock or
Couestoga Indians, but was reckoned as an
Oneida chief, but his son Logan was a Cayuga
chief, belonging to the tribe of his mother,
according to the system of Indian relationship.
Zinzeudorf says Shickcalamy was " the Viceroy
of the Six Nations, maintaining the balance of
power between the diiferent tribes, and between
the Indians and whites, acting as Agent of the
Iro(piois confederacy in all affairs of state and
war." Loskiel speaks of him as " being the
first magistrate and head chief of all the Iroquois
living on the banks of the Susquehanna as far
as Ouondago ; he thought it incumbent on him
to be very circumspect in his dealings with the
white people." He never became intoxicated,
and died in April, 1749, attended by the pious
Zeisberger, in full confidence in the Christian's
hope. His son, John Taghneghdoarus, was
appointed his siiccessor. What those services
were which the Governor speaks of as having
alreadv been of great advantage to the govern-
ment in 1728, we arc not told ; but we are bound
to infer that he had been at this post for some
time previous to this first mention of his name.
It is probable that he was sent there in 1727.
In the capacity in which he served he had
general oversight of the Indian affairs in the
whole Juniata region, and his advice was
generally adopted by the council of the Six
Nations.
The position here taken as to the time when
the Delawares first settled on the Susquehanna
and its western branches has been carefully
considered, in view of the many writers who
have taken it for granted that they always be-
longed there. There are several French maps,
of dates about 1700 to 1720, and the map of
Senex in 1721, founded on Herman's of 1670,
which give quite a number of names along the
middle Susquehanna River. These names belong
to the Iroquois stock of languages, showing that
the Delawares then had no towns on its waters.
In Egle's" History of Dauphin County "there is
amanuscriptdraughtof the middle Susquehanna
River, made by Isaac Taylor, surveyor of Chester
County, to which the date 1701 has been as-
signed. This map, indeed, proves the presence
of the Delawares, but its true date is at least
twenty-five years later, as is demonstrated by
numerous ear-marks. Le Tort did not have a
"store" at Northumberland, nor Scull, opposite
Port Treverton in 1701 ; but we know they
wei-e in that region in 1727. Nor was the
Delaware term " Shamoakin," applied to the
river or its mouth, then in use. In fact, the
name Shamokin is derived from the circumstance
that it was the abode of the great sachem,
Allummapees, whom we know yet lived at
" Paxtang " in 1 709, and probably did not go to
this place of the " Shackamakers " prior to 1727,
in which year he sent the Governor a letter
dated at " Shahomaking." With all due defer-
ence to Heckewelder's opinion that the name
means " the place where we caught plenty of eels,"
the writer submits that, as in the case of
" Shackamaxon," his definition is too slippery
for this situation. It is evidently derived from
the ^yords " sachem," a chief, and " acki " or
"ohke," a place or region, meaning the place
where the chief lived. The name only came
48
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
into use after this " king " removed there to
look after his people, who were scattered in
every direction in little temporary towns on the
larger streams. These facts are not only inter-
esting, but very imjjortant in understanding the
history of this region and period. The Juniata
is spelled " Cheniaty " by Taylor ; the Mahan-
tango is called " Sequosockcoo ; " and " Chin-
as-ky " is the spelling of a name of the West
Branch, of which the writer has made a collec-
tion of over thirty variations. It referred to
the caves on this river in which demons were
supposed to dwell, and hence also often called
by the Iroquois the " Ot-zinachson," or the
stream in the region of the cave-devils. At these
headquarters at Shamokin, Allummapees regu-
lated the affairs of his tribe after 1727, and was
joined by Shickcalamy a few years later.
In the spring of 1728 we find Le Tort con-
templating a trading tour as far west as the
Miamis or Twightwees or naked Indians, who
resided at the west end of Lake Erie. He had
contemplated going the fall previous, and waited
so long at Chenastry (West Branch) for one who
had engaged to accompany him that the winter
set in before he could proceed. He had engaged
Madame Montour and her husband to go along,
as she had a sister married among the Miamis,
but she was deterred by a prominent Delaware
chief named Manawkyhickon, who had ill-will
to the English because Wequeala, his brother,
had been hung in New Jersey, and who told
them they might meet some " white heads " on
the way, as the Miamis were about to take up
the hatchet against the English. This news was
brought by Le Tort, and as he and John Scull
were about "to return to Chenasshy, " the Gov-
ernor sent presents to Allummapees, Madame
Montour and Manawkyhickon. The latter
boasted to King Allummapees that if he wanted
■war, " he could make a handel to his Hatsheat
Seventey ffaddom Long." Chenasshy is the
same as Zinachse, and other forms for West
Branch.
At this period we have the first manifestation
of uneasiness over the machinations of the
French to the westward. It is feared, Septem-
ber 2, 1728, that as "there are still some com-
motions among the Indians," that the story " is
not altogether without a foundation " which
Manawkyhickon and Madame Montour told
Le Tort la.st spring, about the " Tweektwese, or
Miamis, or naked Indians oeing invited to at-
tack this country " by the French. " Our
Lenappys or Delawares know nothing of it.
The Shawanese we know are ready for any
mischief. How far the Five Nations are privy
to it we can not judge." Evidently at this
time there was considerable travel up the Sus-
quehanna and Juniata, and they were getting
news over the mountains from the INIiamis, who
were the nearest Indian nation to the west.
In 1729 a son of Shickcalamy and Caron-
dowanna, alias Robert Hunter, an Iroquois and
husband of Madame Montour, were captured
and killed in an expedition against the southern
Indians. The Governor sent " strouds to cover
the dead," and wrote, " our souls are afflicted for
the loss of our dear good friend Carondowanna
and of all our other brethren of the Five Na-
tions." On August 18, 1729, Gordon wrote to
Shickcalamy, desiring the Indians " to be kind to
our people wherever they meet with them,
whether on Susquehannah, Potowmack or Al-
legheny, or in any otiier place." This proves
the wide extent of trading operations at that
date. On October 4, 1729, the Governor ad-
dressed a formal letter " To the several
Traders of Pennsylvania with the Indians at
Allegiieny and the other remote parts in or near
said Province." The letter is a caution against
carrying rum to the Indians ; exhorts them to
set an example to the Indians by their " sobriety,
temperance, humanity and charity ; " urges
them to observe honesty, justice, courtesy and
humanity in their dealings ; and enjoins these
rules " for the peace of the public and your
own ease, benefit and security." Unfortunately,
this good advice was never observed, for, as a
class, they were among the worst of the white
people.
In 17.30 two white men were killed at Al-
legheny ; the number of traders was increasing,
and rum was the principal cause of bringing
items to the surface as surviving history. The
fall previous John Fisher and John Hart, who
are called , " two of the Siioahmokin traders,"
went with the Indians to a fire-ring hunt one
THE ERA OF THE TRADERS.
49
liimdred miles down the river, in which Hart
was accidentjilly shot. Tiie Delawares got Ed-
mund Cartlidge to write a letter for them to the
Governor, which is dated April 30, 1730, " att
Alleegaening on the main Road," and signed by
Shawan-oppau and six other chiefs. Shanop-
j)in's town is described by Harris and others iu
1754, and was on the river a little above Pitts-
burgh. In a memorial of Edmund Cartlidge,
•hjnah Davenport and Henry Baly, in 1730, we
have definite information as to when and by
wliom the trade at Allegheny was commenced.
They claim to have been the pioneers at Al-
legheny, and during the three years jiast had
the chief part of the trade. This would fix
1727 as the time for " venturing themselves and
goods further than any person formerly did."
In 1731 quite a desire was manifested to in-
duce the Shawanese to return from Allegheny,
ofiering as an inducement the grant of a reserva-
tion in Cumberland County. Peter Chartier
communicated this offer to them. He lived
below and across the river from Harrisburg,
and no doubt was to carry the message on one
of his trips to Allegheny. This same Chartier
afterwards removed near Pittsburgh, and in
1744 proved treacherous to the English, joined
the French and helped to pillage traders, and
.seduced a number of Shawanese to join the
enemy. Governor Thomas attributed this to
the " perfidious blood " of the Shawanese that
partly filled his veins. The province now be-
gan to awaken to the designs of the French.
Their operations at Allegheny created mani-
fest uneasiness, as the people began to realize
how deeply the consequences might affect this
province. A new general atlas revealed how
exorbitant were the claims of the French.
Large parts of Carolina and Virginia were given
as parts of New France, and the Susquehanna
River wa.s laid down as the western boundary
line of Pennsylvania. The news brought east-
ward over the mountains by Lc Tort, Daven-
port and Cartlidge revealed the intrigues of
the French in trying to gain the good graces of
the Shawanese, through an agent named Cava-
lier, who visited them every year and took their
leading men to Montreal, and sent them a gun-
smith to repair their arms free of charge.
Hence it was determined to tr}' to induce the
Shawanese to return to the proffered manor.
But this effort failed, as it was found that if the
Iroquois would press their juri.sdi(;tion, it would
result in the summaiy removal of the Shawanese
within undoubted J^'rench territory. The affida-
vits of James Le Toi't and Jonah Davenport
concerning the Indian towns to the westward
and the operations of Cavalier, were taken
October 29, 1731. Up to this period no records
have come down to us of those going to Al-
legheny, relating their experience and observa-
tions in crossing the Juniata region, yet there
can be no doubt tiiat it was traversed by them
during these five years, and that every Indian
town was fret[uently visited, although no land-
marks are given. At this point, however, we
are no longer in doubt as to the route traveled
by the traders. On a paper that was folded ■with
the affidavits above named there is an estimate
of the number of Indians, the distances to their
to\'\'ns and the names of their chiefs and tribes.
To this paper we are indebted for the mention
of the name of the river Juniata and two places
on its waters, being our oldest recorded land-
marks. As a more than an ordinary interest
attaches to this document, we give the few words
it contains concerning this region, —
" Oliesson upon Choniata, distant from Sa'squehan-
na 60 miles; Shawanese, 20 families, 60 men, eliief,
Kissikaliquelas.
" Assunnepachla upon Choniata, distant about 100
miles by water and oO by land from Ohesson ; Dela-
wares, 12 families, 36 men."
The other tribes named are all located we.sl.
of the Allegheny ^lonutains. We must infer
that these traders knew of no other towns be-
longing to these tribes except the two here
given. Assunnepachla was situated at Franks-
town, in Blitir County. Ohesson was probably
at Lewistown. This point was early and long
known as " Old Town," meaning that it was th-e
seat of a former Indian village. Jones, in his
" History of the Juniata A'^alley," locate*; Ohessoo
" ou the flat eight or nine miles westof Lewistown
near a large spring." Why, he does not teiij/
and we know of no other authority. Tweniji
to twenty-three yeare after this date this chief
evidently lived iu " the valley of Kishicoquil-
50
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
las." He died ia August, 1754, at McKee's
Half Falls, on Susquehanna ; and in May, 1755,
General John Armstrong calls the big valley
after him. He appears to have been one of
the more decent and peaceable of the turbulent
and treacherous Shawanese. As early as Au-
gust 1, 1739, he was a witness to a renewal of
the league of amity and good-will between the
representatives of his tribe and the proprieta-
ries, in which his name is spelled Kaash-aw-
kagh-quil-las. Lewistown is the natural outlet
of the valley and a much more likely location
for a town than any other place in this region
The name does not belong to the Shawanese
language, and is probably a lingering remnant of
its ancient inhabitants. As a Shawanese town
it could not have been in existence over five
years, ^^'hatever may be the facts as to the
routes by which these traders traveled to the
Ohio prior to this date, whether they sometimes
went by Shamokin and the West Branch, or
during certain seasons along the dividing waters
between the Juniata and Potomac, it is certain
that one path traveled by these men passed
through Ohesson and led over the mountain by
Frankstown and Johnstown to Kittanning.
On the head of this news from the Ohio the
Governor addressed the Assembly, saying,
"You will clearly see the necessity of turning
your thoughts to the consideration of Indian
affairs, and providing by proper regulations for
the peace and safety of the province, which is
too frequently endangered by persons settling on
lands not yet purchased from the natives, and
the undue manner in which our trade with them
for several years past has been carried on."
This intimation of encroachment on unpurchased
hinds must refer to those west of the Blue
Mountains, for although the lands eastward
wei-e purchased after tiiis date in oi'der to sat-
isfy the Iroquois, yet the proprietaries always
contended that the lands east of the mountains
had been fairly purchased, and were included in
the deed from Governor Dongan.
In August, 1 732, deputies of the Six Nations
ofUne to Philadelphia, to whom was rehearsed a
histoiy of the Shawanese, and as " they had re-
moved backwards to Ohio," they were ordered
by the Six Nations to return; but this, like
previous efforts, resulted in utter failure. The
occasion, however, served a timely opportunity
to sharpen the hatred of the Six Nations against
the French, and secure their good-will in behalf
of the English. Daring this year one John
Kelly, belonging to John AVilkins, got up a tre-
mendous consternation among the Shawanese by
telling them that all the Christians were in
friendship with the Five Nations, and that the
latter had told the Governor that they had
already eaten several of the Shawanese, and "if
they should speak they would eat them all."
The Governor sent them a message and a six-
gallon keg of I'um, which made them " exceed-
ing joyful," and their four chiefs returned thanks
for the dram. In October a deputation visited
Philadelphia by invitation, and gave various
pretexts for living on the Ohio, but made pro-
fessions of friendshijj to the English. The
Governor said it involved a question, "in case
of a rupture with France, between having a
thousand fierce fellows for or against us." The
following paragraph, also from the Governor,
\yell illustrates the situation at that day:
" Those Indians by us generally called the Five
Nations, but of late Six Nations, alias the Minquays
and Iroquois, have been acknowledged by all the na-
tives of these parts as their masters, and a friendship
has hitherto existed between them and us on the Sus-
quehanna River and other parts of the Province. These
people, since their conquest of the Susquehannali In-
dians, have always claimed that the river and all the
lands upon it or its branches as their property ; and
this claim has been constantly acknowledged by all
the other Indians in these parts ; divers treaties have
been held with them about those lauds, and they
sometimes seem to give them up to us, but still they
claim them, and what may be the issue of it when
they see such great numbers settled, as they will now
find of those distressed people of Ireland, who have
generally without any permission from the Govern-
ment sat down on those lauds, is very uncertain."
In June, 1733, Shickcalamy and three other
Iroquois messengers visited Philadelphia, on
the head of several ill reports in circulation
among the Indians. He also made complaint
against Peter Cheaver (Shaver) for ti'aducing
the former deputies and trading at Allegheny
contrary to the agreement made at the last
treaty, and also for making threats against the
Indians. This man settled at Shaver's Creek
THE ERA OF THE TRADERS.
51
about 1754, where his headless body was found
one morning about the year 1770, the mystery
of whose death has never been solved.
The following is the formal protest presented
against John Harris, father of the founder of
Harrisburg, for settling on unpurchased lands
at the mouth of the Juniata River :
"Shekallamy then asked whether the Proprietor
had heard of a letter which he and Sassoonan sent to
John Harris to desire him to desist from making a
plantation at the mouth of Choniata, where Harris
has built a house and is clearing fields.
" They were told that Harris had only built that
house for carrying on his trade ; that his plantation,
on which he has houses, barns, &c., at Paxtang, is his
place of dwelling, and it's not to be supposed he will
remove from thence ; that he has no warrant or order
fur making a settlement at Choniata.
"Shekallamy said that though Harris may have
built a house for the convenience of his trade, yet he
ought not to clear fields.
"To this it was answered that Harris had probably
cleared as much land only as would be sufficient to
raise corn for his horses.
"Shikallamy said he had no ill-will to .John Har-
ris— it is not his custom to bear any man ill-ill ; but
he is afraid that the warriors of the Six Nations,
when they pass that way, may take it ill to see a set-
tlement made on lands which they have already de-
sired to be kept free from any persons settling on."
"He was told in answer that care should be taken
to give the necessary orders in it."
The improvement made by Harris, under
pretense of a trading-post, was on Duncan's
Island. He removed because of this protest,
but other offenses of a like nature were con-
stantly occurring during the next twenty years.
During 1734 and 1735 Hetaquantagechty
came as a messenger three times from the Six
Nations. The busiuess related principally to
the efforts put forth to induce the Shawauese to
return east of the mountains, whicli, as usual,
failed. The customary protests were made
against carrying rum into the Indian country.
It is a disgrace to civilization that these savages
had occasion to make tiiese frequent complaints
against their civilized brethren. He complaineil
of the slanders of Madame Montour against a
foraier deputation, and said " old age only pro-
tects her from l^eing punished for such false-
lioods." The Shawauese tiireateued that they
would remove farther northward towards tiie
French country, and desired the Delawares to
go with them. Sassoonan had forbidden this,
but fears were entertained concerning the con-
duct of these nations. A letter from the Ohio
named some twenty traders then among the In-
dians in that region.
In August, 1736, Allummapees and other Del-
awares visited Philadelphia. Among them was
one Tuscarora, belonging doubtless to one of
the straggling bands of that nation still living
in Pennsylvania. Governor Gordon having
died, Allummapees hoped " that by eiiting and
drinking we should endeavor to forget our
grief." The poor savage knew no higher source
of comfort. The Six Nations could not visit
the province this year because " a great number
of Indians from the Winter Country were
come amongst them, who are said never to have
seen wiiite people, corn or bread." They, how-
ever, came in October with a very large depu-
tation. This year is memorable for the sale and
release of all claims, to the lands east of the Blue
Mountains, to which the Six Nations still held
a disputed claim. The M'cstern limit of tliis
purchase M'as the dividing line adjoining the un-
purcha.sed Juniata region for the next eighteen
years. The range was called Tyannuntasacta by
the Six Nations and Kekachtannin by the
Delawares, both of which terms signified End-
less Hills. The early settlers called it North
Mountain ; afterwards it got the name of Blue,
though often called Kittatinny. The land pur-
chase was made privately by the proprietaries,
and hence the Council records do not tell us
what the deputies said about encroachments
upon the lands of Juniata and ujiper Susque-
hanna. From what passed before and after
this period, no doubt decided expressions were
given by them on this point.
In August, 1737, Manawkyhickon who
figured in 17'28 in frightening Le Tort and
Madame Montour from visiting the Miamis, and
old Nutimus, a chief of the Delawares, who had
some fifty years before signed the deed of what
is known as " the AValking Purchase '' for lauds
on the Delaware River, now, with other chief-
tains of that nation, confirmetl the old deed and
released their claims to those lands. These ne-
gotiations had been pending at Durham in
52
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
1734,atPennsboroughin 1735, and now, iu 1737,
it was agreed to have this walk performed, and
it took place September 19th. Three walkers
started on the course, two of whom died of over-
exertion, and Edward Marshall reached a point
computed at eighty-six miles. The Indians
were over-reached and defrauded ; and from
this time the Delawares were alienated, and the
lauds in after-years dearly paid for in blood, — a
price ruthlessly exacted from many of the first
settlers in the Juniata region. Although the
Delawares had commenced to stray west of the
mountains as early as 1727, yet the most fero-
cious and warlike of their tribes, the Minsi or
Monseys, were most affected by the Walking
Purchase, and now entered thatschool in which
they were trained for the part they took in the
French and Indian War. The grievances of the
Delawares cannot be denied or palliated. The
heart-burnings engendered in tlie savage breast
broke dut in loud complaints and in atrocious
acts of vengeance.
In 1738 one hundred Shawanese at " AUe-
ghenia" signed a temperance pledge for four
years, and appointed men to stave all casks of
rum brought into their towns. Their " Debbity
King " and others sent a letter saying, " the
track of land (on Connadoguinnet) you have
reserved for us does not suit us at present, and
we would not have you take it amiss that we do
not come and settle upon it." AUummapees
and a number of old men visited the Governor
to brighten the chain of friendship, bringing as
usual a few skins and getting three times their
value in return.
In July, 1739, a delegation of Sliawanese,
mostly from Allegheny, visited Philadelphia.
A history of their first settlement, in 1699,
" near Paxtang, on the west side of Susque-
hanna," was recounted to them. The treaty
that their fathers had made with William Penu,
April 23, 1701, was read and explained ; they
made formal professions of friendship, which,
as usual, was to last as long as the sun and
moon would endure.
In August, 1740, a considerable delegation of
Delawares from Allegheny headed by AUum-
mapees, sundry Miugoes headed by Shickcalamy
of Shamokiu, and other Indians from Otzeuaxa,
Conestogoe and Brandywine, visited Philadel-
phia. They desired that white hunters should
be restrained from killing the deer, beaver and
bear which the Great Spirit had made for the
use of the red man. As usual, they brought
their broken guns and hatchets to be repaired.
Special auswei-s were given to our " brethren
who are settled on the River Ohijo," and to
"our brethren, the Mingoes from Shamokiu."
Otzenaxa, or Otstuacky, was a town on the
Otzinachson, or West Branch, above Shamokin.
It is evident the Shickcalamy was kept busy
iu managing the affairs of these scattered rem-
nants of these various tribes.
In 1741 the Six Nations sent a letter declar-
ing that the Delawares had no lands to dispose
of, and prayed the proprietor not to buy or ac-
cept any grant of lands from them. The Gov-
ernor sent a letter to the Delawares, setting
forth the former purchases and releases from
them and the request of the Six Nations, exhort-
ing and requiring tiie Delawares to live peace-
ably with the English inhabitants.
In July, 1742, a large delegation of the
Iroquois visited Philadelphia to receive the
second and last payment for the Susquehanna
lands sold in 1736, being that part that lays
southwest of the river. In the speech made by
Canassatego there is the following i-eference to
the Juniata lands :
" We know our lauds are now become more valua-
ble; the white people think we do not know their
value, but we are sensible that the land is everlast-
ing, and the few goods we receive for it are soon worn
out and gone. For the future we will sell no lands,
but when our brother Onas (Penn) is in the country,
and we will know beforehand the quantity of goods
we are to receive. Besides, we are not well used with
respect to the lands still unsold by us. Your people
daily settle on these lands and spoil our hunting. We
must insist on your removing them, as you know they
have no right to the northward of Kittochtinny Hills.
In particular, we renew our complaints .against some
people who are settled at Juniata, a branch of the
Susquehanna, and all along the banks of that river, as
Mahaniay, and desire that they may be made forthwith
to go off the land, for they do great damage to our
cousins, the Delawares."
To this urgent complaint the Governor re-
plied : " On yoir former complaints against
people settling the land on Juniata, and from
INDIAN PURCHASES.
53
tlience all along the river Susquchannah as far as
Mahaniahy, some Magistrates were sent ex-
pressly to remove them, and wc thought no per-
son would stay after that."
Here the Indians interrupted the Governor
and said ; " These persons who were sent did
not do their duty ; so far from removing the
people, they made surveys for themselves and
they are in league with the trespassers. We de-
sire more etfectual methods to be used, and
honester persons employed."
This the Governor promised them should be
done. After thinking over it from July 7th to
(3ctober 5th, he issued a proclamation. From
its terms we infer that the sections most troubled
by the intruders at this period were at the
mouth of the Juniata and up along that river,
probably as far as the present Juniata County ;
in Fulton County, in what were termed the Big
Cove, Little Cove and the Canalloways, here
spoken of as the region of the Licking Creek
Hills, after a small stream west of MeConnells-
burg, flowing into the Potomac ; and the whole
length of the Susquehanna, from the mouth of
the Juniata, up to Wyoming — showing that all
along this border, stretching across the province,
the pioneers were imprudently intruding upon
the unpurchased lands of the New York In-
dians. >
CHAPTER III.
INDIAN PURCHASES— PIONEER SETTLEMENTS-
INDIAN MASSACRES.
Less than a hundred and fifty years ago —
until several years after the middle of the
eighteenth centurs' — all the territory now in-
cluded in the counties of Mifflin, Union, Perry,
Juniata and Snyder was claimed by the native
Indians as their own rightful property, and
their claim was admitted and acknowledged by
the proprietaries of Pennsylvania, whose settled
policy it was and had ever been to secure and
retain the friendship of the savages by prohib-
iting and preventing, as far as possible, the
locating of white settlers on any lands within
the province until after the Indian title to such
lands had been fairly purchased from their
native owners, in open treaty council.
The region embraced in the five counties to
which this history has particular reference con-
tained but few Indian settlements, and was, in
no sense, to be regarded as their home domain.
There were a few of their squalid little villages,
or camps, along the West Branch of the Sus-
quehanna, and fewer yet in the valley of the
Juniata ; but the country was not, on that
account, any less highly prized by them ; in
fact, the reverse was the case, and they regarded
it as the most valuable of all their possessions,
because it included vast tracts of their best and
most productive hunting-grounds. Referring
to this fact, Conrad Weiser, in a letter to Rich-
ard Peters, the proprietary secretary, dated
April 22, 1749, said: "The Indians say (and
with truth) That Country is their only Hunt-
iug-Ground for Deer, because further to the
North there was nothing but Spruce woods,
and the Ground covered with Kalmia [laurel]
bushes, not a single Deer could be found or
killed There."
To preserve these favorite hunting-grounds
for the Indians, free from the intrusion of
white settlers, was the earnest desire of the
proprietaries, and they used every practicable
means in their power to their end ; but it was
without avail. Neither the several proclama-
tions of the Governor, threatening fines and
imprisonment to intruders, nor the fear of the
tomahawks and scalping-knives of the savages,
had the effect to deter adventurous white men
from attempting to secure homes in the invi-
ting region lying west of the Susquehanna, and
extending from the West Branch of that rivi-r
southward to the Blue Mountains.
It appears that the first Europeans who at-
tempted to make their homes in all that region
M'ere Germans, who ciirae several years in ad-
vance of all other white settlers, and boldly
located themselves in the valley of the Juniata.
The coming of this little colony of fearless
pioneers is mentioned as follows, in an official
communication dated July 2, 1750, and ad-
dressed to Governor Hamilton by the secretary
to the proprietoi-s, Richard Peters, Esq. :
" About the year 1740 or 1741, one Frederick Star,
54
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
a German, with two or three more of his countrymen,
made some settlements at the above place,' where we
found William White, the Galloways, and Andrew
Lycon, on Big Juniata, situate at the distance of
twenty-five miles from the mouth thereof, and about
ten miles north of the Blue Hills, a place much es-
teemed by the Indians for some of their best hunting-
grounds, which (German settlers) were discovered by
the Delawares at Shamokin to the deputies of the Six
Nations as they came down to Philadelphia in the
year 1742, to hold a treaty with this Government; and
they were disturbed at, as to enquire with a peculiar
warmth of Governour Thomas if these People had
come there by the Orders, or with the Privilege of the
Government; alleging that if this was so, this was a
breach of the Treaties subsisting between the Six
Nations and the Proprietor, William Penn, who, in
the most solemn manner, engaged to them not to
suffer any of the People to settle Lands till they had
purchased from the Council of the Six Nations. The
Governour, as he might with great truth, disowned
any knowledge of those Persons' settlements; and on
the Indians insisting that they should be immediately
thrown over the mountains, he promised to issue his
Proclamation, and if this had no Effect, to put the
Laws in execution against them. The Indians, in the
same Treaty, publickly expressed very severe threats
against the Inhabitants of Maryland for settling
Lands for which they had received no Satisfaction;
and said if they would not do them Justice, they
would do justice to themselves; and would certainly
have committed Hostilities if a Treaty had not been
under foot between Maryland and the Six Nations
under the mediation of Governour Thomas; at which
the Indians consented to sell Lands and receive a
valuable consideration for them, which put an end to
the danger."
The secretary then recounts that, in accord-
ance with directions from the proprietaries and
the Governor, and under a prochimation of
the Governor to the same eifect, he (Secretary
Peters) caused the settlers to be driven out, in
June, 1743. He also mentions that in 1741 or
1742 information was given that white people
were intruding and making settlements on un-
purchased lands at Big Cove, Little Cove and
Big and Little Conolloways, and that these un-
authorized settlements had continued for some
years to increase, notwithstanding frequent pro-
' Referring to a place mentioned in the preceding part of
tlie letter from which this is extracted — the place being
where the settlements of William White and others were
broken up in 1760, along the valley of the Juniata, near
what is known as Mexico, iu Juniata County.
hibitions on the part of the government, and
admonitions of the great danger they ran of
being cut oif by the Indians, who were incensed
at this occupation of their lands, for which they
had received no compensation. The report then
continues, —
" These were, to the best of my remembrance, all
the places settled by Pennsylvanians in the unpur-
chased part of the Province till about three years ago
[1749], when some Persons had the presumption to go
into Path Valley or Tuscarora Gap, lying to the east
of the Big Cove, and into a place called Aucquick,
lying to the Northward of it; and likewise into a
place called Shearman's Creek, lying along the waters
of Juniata, and is situate east of the Path Valley,
through which the present Road goes from Harris'
Ferry [Harrisburg] to Allegheny ; and lastly, they
extended their settlements to Big Juniata ; the Indi-
ans all this while repeatedly complaining that their
hunting-Ground was every day more and more taken
from them ; and that there must infallibly arise quar-
rels between their Warriours and these settlers, which
would in the end break the chain of friendship, and
pressing in the most importunate terms for their
speedy removal. The Government in 1748 sent the
Sheriff and three Magistrates, with Mr. Weiser, into
these places, to warn the People ; but they, notwith-
standing, continued their settlements, iu opposition
to all this; and if those People were prompted by a
desire to make mischief, settled Lands no better, nay,
not so good, as many vacant Lands in the purchased
part of the Province. The bulk of these settlements
were made during the administration of President
Palmer ; and it is well known to your Honour, though
then in England, that his attention to the Safety of
the City and the Lower Counties would not permit
him to extend more care to places so remote."
Lands Purchased from the Indians. —
The first sale of lands in Pennsylvania, by
Indians, was that made to William Penn at
the hi.storic treaty council of 1682, comprising
a comparatively small area of country, extend-
ing along the Delaware above Philadelphia,
and as high up as the central part of the present
county of Bucks. On the 1 7th of September,
1718, another treaty was made, by which the
Indians confirmed the sales they had previously
made and extended them from the Delaware to
the Susquehanna. This last-named sale was
again confirmed at a treaty council held and
concluded on the 11th of October, 1736, at
which time twenty-three chiefs of the Six Na-
tions sold to John, Thomas and Richard Penn
PIONEER SETTLEMENTS.
»5
all the lands on both sides of the Susquehanna,
— eastward, to the heads of the branches, or
springs, flowing into the river ; northward, to
the Kittoehtinny Hills ; and westward, to the
•setting sun, — this vague and extravagant de-
scription meaning nothing more than that the
western boundary was undecided on and in-
ilefinite.
In 1749 another treaty was made, in pursu-
ance of which the sachems and chiefs of the Six
Nations, and of the Shamokin, Shawanese and
Delaware Indians, sold to the proprietaries of
Penns3'lvania, for the consideration of five hun-
tlred pounds, a vast scope of territory, extend-
ing from the Delaware westward to the Sus-
quehanna River, and north along that river, far
enough to include more than half the present
county of Northumberland, and Luzerne, a part
of Columbia, Lackawanna and Wayne, all of
Schuylkill and Monroe and nearly all of Pike.
This great purchase was described in the deed
from the Indians as follows :
" Beginning at the Hills, or mountains, called, in
the language of the Five Nation Indians, Tyanunta-
sachta, or Endless Hills, and by the Delaware In-
'dians, Kekachtany Hills, on the east side of the River
Susquehanna, being in the northwest line or boundary
of the tract of land formerly purchased by the said Pro-
prietaries from the said Indian nations, by their deed
of the 11th of October, 1736; and from thence, run-
ning up the said River, by the several courses
thereof, to the first of the nearest Mountains to the
north side or mouth of the creek, called, in the lan-
guage of the said Five Nation Indians, Cantagug,
and in the language of the Delaware Indians, Magho-
nioy ; and from thence, extending in a direct or
straight line to be run from the said mountain on the
north side of said creek, to the main Branch of Dela-
ware River at the north side of the creek called
Lechawachsein ; and from thence across Lecbawach-
sein creek, aforesaid, down the River Delaware, by
the several courses thereof, to the Kekachtany Hills,
aforesaid ; and from thence, by the range of said
Hills, to the place of beginning, as more fully appears
by a ma|) annexed ; and also all the parts of the
Rivers Susquehanna and Delaware, from shore to
shore, which are opposite said lands, and all the
Islands in said Rivers, &c."
^yIIITE Intruders, or " Squatters." —
Down to this time, and for several years after-
wards, the Indians remained ownersof the terri-
tory already referred to, and they continued to look
with distrust and increasing displeasure on the
white settlers who continued to enter the hunting-
grounds of the Susquehanna and Juniata Val-
leys, in spite of Indian warnings and of all the
earnest efforts of the proprietary government to
restrain them. Yet only on one occasion had the
savages proceeded to the extreme of murder
within that wilderness region. It was the
murder of an Indian trader named John (or
Jack) Armstrong, who was killed at, or near,
the " Narrows " of the Juniata, in the year
1744, two of his assistants, named James
Smith and Woodward Arnold, being killed at
the same time.' The Indian who was princi])ally,
or solely, engaged in the bloody deed was a
Delaware named Mnsemeelin, who was soon af-
terwards detected, arrested and confined in
Lancaster jail, from which he was taken for
trial to Philadelphia. The bodies of the mur-
dered men were found by a party comjjosed of
iilexander Armstrong (brother of John, the
trader), Thomas McKee, Francis Ellis, John
Florster, William Baskins, ^ James Berry, John
Watt, James Armstrong and David Denny.
Some of these were residents on the east side of
the Susquehanna, but most of them were ad-
venturers, who, notwithstanding that Frederick
Star and the other German settlei-s had been
driven away from their locations on the Juniata,
in 1 743, had, not long afterwards, settled on
the unpurchased lands west of the Susquehanna,
in defiance of the w-arnings of the government
1 The object of this murder, however, does not appear to
have heen revenge, but pUinder of Armstrong's goods.
Indiiin traders, who were in no sense settlers, had been
among the savages of this region for many years. As early
as 1704, Joseph Jessup. James Le Fort. Peter Bazalion,
Martin Chartier, Nicholas Goden (all Frenchmen) were
trading with the Indians of the Susquehanna, and thence,
by way of the valley of the Juniata, Kittaning Point and
the Conemaugh, to the great Indian rendezvous at the
head of the Ohio. The murdered Armstrong was one of the
later traders, who passed and repassed several times in a
year over the Pack-Horse Path, or road that passed
through the Juniata " Narrows,'' forming the best route
from Lancaster to Kittaning Point
-Thomas ilcKee, in IToo, warranted a large tract of
land at the mouth of Mahantango Creek and McKee's
Half Falls, and died in 1772.
Francis Ellis and William Baskius, in 176"2. were living
on what is now Duncan's Island.
56
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
aud the threats of the savages. Between 1745
and 1 748 quite a large number of settlers came
in and scattered themselves along the west side
of the Susquehanna, as far up as Penn's Creek
aud many miles up the valley of the Juniata,
until, in the latter year, the government, be-
coming alarmed at the openly-exjjressed dissat-
isfaction aud threats of the Indians at this in-
vasion of their rights, " sent the sheriff and
three magistrates [of Lancaster County, which
then had nominal jurisdiction over the Indian
country west of Susquehanna], with Mr. Weiser,
into these Places to warn the People ; but they,
notwithstanding, continued their settlements in
opposition to all this." ^
This attempt aud failure of the government
to drive the squatters off frora the purchased
lands of this region had the effect to embolden
other settlers, who immediately afterwards (in
the fall of 1748 and spring of 1749) came in
and located themselves in various places in the
territory. On the Juniata, in what is now
known as Walker township, Juniata County,
settled William White (who, with some of his
neighbors, was massacred by Indians in 1766),
George and William Galloway, David Huddle-
ston, George Cahoon and some others. At
Shearman's Creek was a larger settlement,
where were located James and Thomas Parker,
James Murray, John Scott, John Cowan, John
Kilough, John McClare, Richard Ivirkpatrick,
Simon Girty (the father of the notorious rene-
gade) and a number of others ; and along the
west side of the Susquehanna were several small
clusters of squatters, extending from the mouth
of Juniata to Pemi's ('reek, at which last-
named point sevei'al Scotch-Irish pioneers had
located themselves. The uneasiness and dis-
satisfaction of the Indians, on account of these
encroachments by the whites, is mentioned as
follows, in a letter addressed to Secretary Peters,
April 22, 1749, by Conrad Weiser, who had
then just returned from Shamokin, whither he
had been sent with important messages to the
Indians. He said, —
■'The Indians are very uneasy about the white
1 Extract from Secretai-y Peters' report to Governor
Hamilton, dated July 2, 17£0, and before quoted.
people settling beyond the Endless Mountains on
Jouiady [Juniata], on Sherman's Creek and else-
where. They tell me that about thirty families are
settled upon the Indian Lands this Spring, and daily
more go to settle thereon. Some have settled almost
to the Head of the Joniady River, along the Path that
leads to the Ohio. . . . They asked very seriously
whether their brother Onas had given the People
leave to settle there. I informed them of the con-
trary, and told them that I believed some of the In-
dians from Ohio, that were down last Summer, had
given Liberty (with what right I could not tell) to set-
tle. I told them of what passed on the Tuscarora Path
last Summer, when the Sheriff and three Magistrates
were sent to turn off the People there settled ; and
that I then perceived that the People were favored
by some of the Indians above mentioned; by which
means the Orders of the Governour came to no
effect. So far they were content, and said the thing
must be as it is, till the Six Nation Chiefs would be
down and converse with the Governour of Pennsyl-
vania about the Affair."
According to this suggestion, several chiefs
of the Six Nations came from their home in
New York to Pennsylvania in the spring of
1750 and held a conference with Secretary
Richard Peters and others with reference to
the unwarranted occupation of their hunting-
grounds by the incoming settlers ; the result of
which conference, and the subsequent actipn of
the government officers in consequence of it, is
told by Peters in a report made by him to
Governor Hamilton, dated July 2d, in the same
year. In that report he states that on the
18th of the preceding May, at the plantation
of George Croghan, a conference had been held
with two sons of tiie Sachem Shikilemy and
three other Indians, representatives of the Six
Nations, in presence of James Galbreth and
George Croghan, Esquires, justices of the
county of Cumberland, at which the Indian
speaker expressed the sentiments of his people
with regard to the unwarranted settlements of
white people on unpurchased lands in the Juni-
ata region as follows :
" Brethren — We have thought a great deal of what
you imparted to us, that ye were to come to turn the
people off who are settled over the Hills ; we are
pleased to see you on this occasion, and as the Coun-
cil of Ouondago has this affair exceedingly at heart,
and it was particularly recommended to us by the
Deputies of the Six Nations when they departed
from us last Summer, we desire to accompany you,
PIONEER SETTLEMENTS.
57
but we are afraid, notwithstanding the care of thu
Governour, that this may prove like many former
attempts ; the People will be put off now and next
year come again ; and if so, the Six Nations will no
longer bear it, but will do themselves justice. To
prevent this, therefore, when you shall have turned
the People off, we recommend it to the Governour to
place two or three faithful Persons over the Moun-
tains, who may be agreeable to him and us, with
Commissions, empowering them immediately to re-
move every one who may presume after this to settle
themselves until the Six Nations shall agree to make
sale of their Land."
To enforce this, they gave a string of \yani-
pum and received one in return from the magis-
trate, with the strongest assurances that they
would do their duty. After the narration of
the preceding, Mr. Peters' report continues, and
will be found in the account of early settlements
in Walker township, Juniata County, whei-e
their trespassers located, aud from where they
were ejected.
This forcible ejectment of the settlers (or,
more properly, squatters) from the Juniata Val-
ley and region contiguous to it on the south
and southwest had, only temporarily, tlie effect
to deter others from entering on the unpurchased
lauds west of the Susquehanna. Within two
years from the time when Secretary Peters, with
the under-sheriff aud magistrates of Cumber-
land County, led their prisoners to the Carlisle
jail, after having burned their cabins, the alarm
had subsided, and many of those who had been
driven away had returned to the forbidden
country, together with others who were then
making their first visit in search of locations
for future homes. As early as 17-52 the Kisha-
coquillas Valley was entered by white pros-
pectors, who afterwards became permanent set-
tlers, and located lands on which their descend-
ants still live. Among the first white men who
entered that valley were William Brown (after-
wards one of the most prominent men of that
vicinity), James Reed,^ Samuel IVIaclay, and the
five brothers, Robert, John, William, Alexan-
der and James McNitt, who were in the valley
before the Indian purchase was made, and who
were among the earliest to take up lands uuder
iThe wife of James Reed was the first white woman who
came to Kishacoquillas Valley.
that purchase, as were also Alexander Cochrane,
James Alexander, and others, whose names still
remain there. At the mouth of the Juniata
was located Marcus Hulings, tlie families of
Francis Ellis, James Baskins and others, and
settlements were found at several points along
the west side of the Susquehanna, and some
distance up Mahantaugo, Middle and Penu's
Creeks, among them being those of George
Gabriel,^ Abraham Sourkill, John Zehring,
Jacob Le Roy (called Jacob King by his neigh-
bors), George Auchmudy, George Schnable,
George Aberhart, George Glewell, Edmund
Mathews, John McCahon, John Young, Mark
Curry, John Simmons, William Doran, Gott-
fried Fryer, John Lynn, Daniel Braugh and
Dennis Mucklehenny, most of whom were of
the fearless Scotch-Irish race, who seldom per-
mitted the dangers of the wilderness or of sav-
age incursion to frighten them away from fertile
lands, clear streams and eligible sites for set-
tlement.
These continued aggressious of the white peo-
ple, and their apparent determination to disre-
gard the rights of Indians at whatever hazard,
greatly incensed the latter, w"ho, at a treaty coun-
cil held at Carlisle in 1753, very plainly ex-
pressed their views on the subject, entering their
vigorous protest against this unjustifiable occu-
pation of their hunting-grounds, and notifying
the authorities that " they wi.shed the people
called back from the Juniata lands until matters
were settled between them and the French, lest
damage sliould be done, and then the English
would think ill of them.""
Treaty of 175-t. — At this crisis there
seemed to be but one way out of the difficulty,
which was to pacifv the Indians by a fiiir pur-
chase of tiie lands west of the Susquehanna.
Accordingly, on the 6th of July, 1754, a treaty
was held and concluded at Albany, X. Y., be-
tween the sachems and chiefs of the Six Nations
and the representatives of the proprietaries, by
which, for a consideration of four hundred pounds,
lawful money of Xew York, the Six Nations
sold to Tiiomas and Richard Penn a great ex-
tent of country in Pennsylvania, west of the
' A trader, whose place was where Selin's Grove now is
58
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Susquehauua, and adjoining the purchase of
1736 on the nortii, the following being the de-
scription and boundaries as given in the deed
of conveyance :
"All the lands lying within the Province of Penn-
sylvania, bounded and limited as follows, namely:
Beginning at the Kittochtinny, or Blue Hills, on the
west branch of the Susquehanna Biver, and thence by
the said Kiver, a mile above the mouth of a certain
creek called Kayarondinhagh (Penn's Creek) ; thence
northwesterly, west as far as said Province of Penn-
sylvania extends, to its western lines or boundaries ;
thence along the said western line, to the south line
or boundaiy of said Province; thence by the said south
line or boundary to the south side of said Kittochtinny
hills ; thence by the south side of said hills to the
place of beginning."
This purchase included all the territory now
included in the counties of Perry, Juniata, Mif-
flin, Fulton, Huntingdon, Bedford and Blair;
nearly all of Snyder, half of Centre, and parts
of Union, Somerset and Franklin. In fact,
the boundary, as mentioned in the original deed,
would have included the whole of the western
part of the State ; the north line starting from
a point one mile above the mouth of Penn's
Creek, and running thence north 45° west,
crossing the West Branch a little above the
mouth of the Sinnemahoning, and striking Lake
Erie a few miles north of the city of Erie. After-
wards, at a conference held at Aughwick, in
September, 1754, the Indians gave notice that
they had not understood the matter of points of
compass ; that it had not been their intention
to sell the valley of the West Branch of the Sus-
quehanna, and that they would never agree to
the confirmation of that indefinite boundary,
stretching northwest to the lake. It was after-
wards changed, and the remainder of the pur-
chase confirmed by the Indians at the treaty of
Easton, Pa., Octol)er 23, 1 758. The line, as
confirmed at that treaty, was described as, —
"Beginning at the Kittachtinny, or Blue hills, on
the west bank of the river Susquehannah, and running
thence up the said river, binding therewith, to a mile
above the mouth of a creek called Kaarondinhah (or
John Penn's creek) ; thence northwest, and by west to
a creek called Buffalo creek ; thence west to the east
side of the Allegheny or Appalachian hills; thence
along the east side of the said hills, binding therewith,
to the south line or boundary of the said Province;
thence by the said south line or boundary to the south
side of the Kittachtinny hills; thence by the south
side of the said hills to the place of beginning."
Indian Hostility Aroused — The Penn's
Creek Massacre. — The Western Delawares
were exceedingly angry because of the sale of
the Susquehanna and Juniata lands to the
whites, declaringthat those fine hunting-grounds
had been given to them (the Delawares) by the
Six Nations, and that therefore the latter had
no right to sell them. The Six Nations ad-
mitted that they had given the region to their
cousins, the Delawares, as a hunting-ground,
yet they did not hesitate to n:ake the sale to
the English, in 1754, and to confirm it in 1758,
as mentioned above. In the mean time the
Delawares, whose lauds had l)een taken from
them, while they had received none of the con-
sideration of four hundred pounds which had
been paid to the Six Nations, sought an oppor-
tunity and pretext for that revenge' against the
English which they dared not show towards
their ancient conquerors, the Six Nations. Such
an opportunity was presented by General Brad-
dock's disaster on the Monongahela, July 9,
1755, immediately after which they, with the
Shawanese, became the active and bloody-handed
allies of the French who occupied the forts on
the Allegheny River. Within three months
from the time of Braddock's defeat their war-
parties had crossed the AUeghenies eastward,"
and committed atrocities at Conococheague, and
other front'.er settlements along the southern
border of the province, and on the 16th of Oc-
tober, in that year, they appeared in some force
on Penn's Creek, in the present county of
Snyder, where they burned the houses, massa-
cred the people and broke up the settlements.
An account of the inroad and massacre is found
in the following petition addressed, at that time.
to Robert Hunter Morris, Governor of Penn-
sylvania:
" We, the subscribers, living near the mouth of Penn's
creek, on the west side of the Susquehanna, humbly
1 In fact, they had shown hostile intentions even before
the defeat. As early as May 20, 1755, Colongl John
Armstrong, of Cumberland County, wrote Governor Morris,
notifying him that three painted savages had been seen
in KishacoquiUas Valley, and that they had robbed and
diiven away several settlers from that vicinity.
INDIAN MASSACRES.
59
show that, on or about the 16th October the enemy
came down upon said creek, killed, scalped, and car-
ried away all the men, women, and children, amount-
ing to twenty-five in number, and wounded one man,
who, fortunately, made his escape, and brought us
the news. Whereupon the subscribers went out and
buried the dead. We found thirteen, who were men
and elderly women, and one child, two weeks old ;
the rest, being young women and children, we suppose
to be carried away. The house (where we suppose
they finished their murder) we found burned up, the
man of it, named Jacob King, a Swisser, lying just by
it. He lay on his back, barbarously burned, and two
tomahawks sticking in his forehead, one of them
newly marked W. D. We have sent them to your
Honor. The terror of which has drove away all the
inhabitants except us. We are willing to stay, and
defend the land, but need arms, ammunition, and as-
sistance. Without them, we must ilee, and leave the
country to the mercy of the enemy.
" George Glidwell. Jacob Simmons.
George Auchmudy. Conrad Craymer.
John McCahan. George Fry.
Abraham Sowerkill. George Schnable.
Edmund Matthews. George Aberhart.
Mark Curry. Daniel Braugh.
William Doran. George Linn.
Dennis Mucklehenny. Godfrey Fryer."
John Young.
The following letter from John Harris
(founder of Harrisburg) to the Governor re-
lates further particulars of the Penn's Creek
mas.sacre, viz. :
"Paxton, October 20, 1755.
" May it please your Honour :
" I was informed, last night, by a person that came
down our River, that there was a Dutch woman who
made her escape to George Gabriel's, and informs us
that last Friday evening, on her way home from this
settlement, on Mahahony or Penn's Creek, where her
family lived, she called at a neighbour's house and
saw two persons lying by the Door of said house,
murdered and scalped, and there were some Dutch
families that lived near their places immediately left,
nut thinking it safe to stay any longer. It is the
Opinion of the people up the River, that the families
on Penn's Creek being scattered, that but few in
number are killed or carried oft', except the above
sAd woman, the certainty of which will soon be
known, as there are some men gone out to bury the
dead.
'■ By report this evening, I was likewise informed
by the Belt of Wampum' and these Indians here,
there were seen, near Shamokin, about six days ago,
two French Indians of the Canawago tribe. 1 a little
An Indian, so called.
doubted the truth of the report at first, but the In-
dians have seemed so afraid, that they dispatclied
Messengers immediately, to the Mountains above my
house, to bring in some of their women that were
gathering chestnuts, for fear of their being killed. By
a person just arrived down our River brought Infor-
mation of two men being murdered within live miles
of George Gabriel's, lour women carried oft', and there
is one man wounded in three places, who escaped to
Gabriel's and it is imagined that all the inhabitants
on Penn's Creek and Little Mahahony are killed or
carried off, as most of them live much higher up, where
the first murder was discovered. The Indian war-
riours here send you these two strings of white Wam-
pum, and the Women hold the black one, both re-
questing that you would lay by all your council pipes
immediately and open all your eyes and ears, and
view your slain People in this land, and put a stop to
it immediately, and come to this 2)lace to our assist-
ance without any delay, and the Belt of Wampum
particularly mentions that the Proprietors and your
Honour would immediately act in defense of their
Country, as the old chain of Friendship now is
broken by several Nations of Indians, and it seems to
be such as they never expected to see or hear of. Any
delay on our acting vigorously now at this time,
would be the loss of all Indian interest, and perhaps
our Ruin in these parts.
" I am. Your Honour's
" Most Obedient Servant,
"JoHX Harris."
In a postscript to this letter he informed the
Governor that he should endeavor to send a
party of his neighbors up the river to learn full
jiarticulars of the affair, and also of the feelings
and disposition of the Indians then gathered
at Shamokin. A party of forty-six from the
vicinity of Harris' Ferry accordingly went up,
Mr. Harris accompanying them. On their re-
turn they were fired on by an ambushed party
of Indians, who killed four, while four more
were drowned in attempting to cross the river.
The rest fled, and the whole line of the river
was abandoned from Shamokin to Hunter's
Mill. An account of it is given in the follow-
ing letter from Mr. Harris to Governor
Morris :
" Paxtox, October 2S, 1755.
" May it please your Honour :
'This is to acquaint you that on the 24th of October
I arrived at Shamokin, in order to protect our Fron-
tiers up that way, till they might make their escape
from their cruel enemies, and learn the best intelli-
gence I could.
60
JUNIATA ANT) SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
"The Indians on the West Branch of the Susque-
hanna certainly killed our Inhabitants on Penn'.s
Creek; and there are a hatchet and two English scalps
sent by them up the North Branch, to desire them to
strike with them if they are men.
"The Indians are all assembling themselves at
Shamokin to counsel ; a large Body of them was there
four days ago. I cannot learn their Intentions, but
seems Andrew Montour and Mona-ca-too-tlja are to
bring down the News from them. There is not a
sulKcient number of them to oppose the enemy, and
perhaps they will join the enemy against us. There
is no dependence on Indians, and we are in imminent
" I got certain Information from Andrew Montour
and others, that there is a Body of French with fifteen
hundred Indians coming upon us — -Picks, Ottaways,
Orandox, Delawares, Shawanese. and a number of the
Six Nations; and are now not many days march from
this Province and Virginia, which are appointed to
be attacked ; at the same time some of the Shamokin
Indians seem friendly and others appear like enemies.
"Montour knew, many days ago, of the enemy being
on their March against us before he informed; for
which I said as much to him as I thought prudent,
considering the place I was in.
" On the 25th instant, on my Return, with about
forty more, we were attacked by about twenty or thirty
Indians; — received their fire, and about fifteen of our
men and myself took to the trees, attacked the Vil-
lains, killed four of them on the spot, and lost but
three more — retreating about half a mile through
woods, and crossing the Susquehanna; one of whom
was shot oft" an horse riding behind myself through
the River. My horse was wounded, and falling in the
River, I was obliged to quit him and swim part of
the way. Four or five of our men were Drowned
crossing the River. I hope our journey, though with
fatigue and loss of substance, and some of our Lives,
will be of service to our Country, by discovering our
Enemy, who will be our ruin if not timely prevented.
"I just now received Information that there was a
French Officer, supposed with a party of Shawanese,
Delawares, &c., within six miles of Shamokin ten
days ago; and no doubt intends to take possession of
it, which will be a dreadful consequence to us if suf-
fered. Therefore I thought proper to dispatch this
Message to inform your Honour. The Indians here, '
I hope, your Honour, will be pleased to cause them
to remove to some place, as I do not like their com-
pany ; and as the men of those here were not against
us, yet did them no harm, or else I would have them
all cut ofi". Belt (Indian so-called) promised at Sha-
mokin to send out Spies to view the Enemy; and
upon hearing of our skirmishes. Old Belt was in a
1 Meaning the supposed friendly Indians who were then
gathered in considerable numbers in the vicinity of Harris'
Ferry (now Harrisburg).
Rage, — gathered up thirty Indians immediately, and
went in pursuit of the enemy, as I am this Day in-
formed.
" I expect Montour and Mona-ca-too-tha down here
this week with the Determination of their Shamokin
council. The Inhabitants are abandoning their
Plantations, and we are in a dreadful Situation.
" John Harris.
" P. S. The night ensuing our Attack, the Indians
burnt all George Gabriel's houses — danced around
them."
In a postscript to his previous letter, Mr.
Harris told the Governor that unless vigorous
measures of defense were taken, the settlers
would abandon the country west of the Susque-
hanna, and that there was very grave danger
that the Indians, hitherto regarded as friendly,
would go over to the French.
The Stoey of Marie Lb Eoy and Bak-
BARA Leininger. — The result of the Indian
incursion and massacre at Penn's Creek was the
killing of about fifteen persons, and the taking
of ten prisoners, among whom weie Marie Le
Roy and Leininger, who remained in captivity
with the Indians about three and a half years,
at the eud of which time they succeeded in
making their escape. In 1759 they were exam-
ined before the authorities relative to the
circumstances attending their capture and im-
prisonment by the savages, and their sworn
statement was translated from the original
German by the Moravian Bishop de Schweinitz,
of Bethlehem, Pa., for the Hon. John Blair
Linn. The substance of the narrative is as
follows :
" Marie Le Roy was born at Brondrut, in Switzer-
land, and in 1752 she came to America with her
parents, who settled about fifteen miles from the site
from the present town of Sunbury.- Half a mile
from their plantation lived Barbara Leininger, with
her parents, who came to Pennsylvania from Reutlin-
gen in or about the year 1749.
" Early in the morning of the 16th of October,
1755, while Le Roy's hired man went out to fetch the
cows, he heard the Indians shooting six times. Soon
after, eight of them came to the house and killed
Barbara Le Roy's father with tomahawks. Her
'' The house where the Le Roy family lived stood by the
spring on the farm owned in recent years by Frederick
Bolender, Esq , in Buffalo Valley. It is now, or was
lately, the property of the heirs of the Hon. Isaac Slenker.
INDIAN MASSACRES.
61
brother defended hinisclt' desperately for a time, but
was, at last, overpowered. The Indians did not kill
him, but took him prisoner, together witli Marie Le
Roy and a little girl, who was staying with the family.
Thereupon they plundered the homestead and set it
on fire. Into this fire they laid the body of the mur-
dered father, feet foremost, until it was half consumed.
The u[)per half was left lying on the ground, with
the two tomahawks, with which they had killed him,
sticking in his head. Then they kindled another fire,
not far from the house. While sitting around it, a
neighbor of Le Roy, named Bastian, happened to
pass by on horseback. He was immediately shot
down and scalped.
"Two of the Indians now went to the house of
Barbara Leininger, where they found her father and
brother and sister Regina. Her mother had gone to
the mill. They demanded rum ; but there was none
in the house. Then they called for tobacco, which
was given them. Having filled and smoked a pipe,
they said : ' We are Allegheny Indians and your ene-
mies. You must die ! ' Thereupon they shot her
father, tomahawked her brother, who was twenty
years of age, took Barbara and her sister Regina
prisoners and conveyed them into the forest for about
a mile. They were soon joined by the otlier Indians,
with Marie Le Roy and the little girl.
" Not long after, several of the Indians led the
jirisoners to the top of a high hill, near the two plan-
tations. Toward evening the rest of the savages re-
turned with six fresh and bloody scalps, which they
threw at the feet of the poor captives, saying that
they had a good hunt that day.
" The next morning we were taken about two miles
further into the forest, while the most of the Indians
again went out to kill and plunder. Toward evening
they returned with nine scalps and five prisoners.
"On the third day the whole band came together
and divided the spoils. In addition to large quantities
of provisions, they had taken fourteen horses and
ten prisoners, namely : One man, one woman, five
girls and three boys. We two girls, as also two of
the horses, fell to the share of an Indian named
Galasko.
"We traveled with our new master for two days.
He was tolerably kind and allowed us to ride all the
way, while he and the rest of the Indians walked. Of
this circumstance Barbara Leininger took advantage
and tried to escape. But she was almost immediately
recaptured and condemned to be burned alive. The
savages gave her a French Bible, which they had
taken from Le Roy's house, in order that she might
prepare for death ; and, when she told them that she
could not understand it, they gave her a German
Bible. Thereupon they made a large pile of wood
and set it on fire, intending to put her into the midst
of it. But a young Indian begged so earnestly for
her life that she was pardoned, after having promised
not to attempt to escape again, and to stop her cry-
ing.
" The next day the whole troop was divided into
two bauds, the one marching in the direction of the
Ohio, the other, in which we were with Galasko, to
Jenkiklamuhs,' a Delaware town on the west branch
of the Susquehanna. There we staid ten days, and
then proceeded to Puncksotonay,^ or Eschentown.
Marie Le Roy's brother was forced to remain at Jen-
kiklamuhs.
" After having rested for five days at Puncksotonay,
we took our way to Kittanny. As this was to be the
place of our permanent abode we here received our
welcome, according to Indian custom. It consisted of
three blows each on the back. They were, however,
administered with great mercy. Indeed, we con-
cluded that we were beaten merely in order to keep
up an ancient usage, and not with the intention of
injuring us. The month of December was the time
of our arrival, and we remained at Kittanny until the
month of September, 1756.
" The Indians gave us enough to do. We had to tan
leather, to make shoes (moccasins), to clear land, to
plant corn, to cut down trees and build huts, to wash
and cook. The want of provisions, however, caused
us the greatest sufferings. During all the time that
we were at Kittanny we had neither lard nor salt ;
and, sometimes, we were forced to live on acorns,
roots, grass and bark. There was nothing in the
world to make this new sort of food palatable, ex-
cepting hunger itself
" In the month of September Colonel Armstrong
arrived with his men, and attacked Kittanny Town.
Both of us happened to be in that part of it which
lies on the other (right) side of the river (Allegheny).
We were immediately conveyed ten miles farther into
the interior, in order that we might have no chance
of trying, on this occasion, to escape. The savages
threatened to kill us. If the English had advanced,
this might have happened. For, at that time, the In-
dians were greatly in dread of Colonel Armstrong's
corps. After the English had withdrawn, we were
again brought back to Kittanny, which town had
been burned to the ground.
" There we had the mournful opportunity of wit-
nessing the cruel end of an English woman, who had
attempted to flee out of her captivity and to return to
the settlements with Colonel Armstrong. Having
been recaptured by the savages and brought back to
Kittanny, she was put to death in an unheard-of way.
First, they scalped her; next they laid burning
splinters of wood here and there upon her body; and
then they cut oft' her ears and fingers, forcing them
into her mouth so that she had to swallow them.
' Cbinklacamoose, on the site of the present town of
' learfield.
- Punxsutawny, in Jefferson County.
62
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Amidst such torments, this woman lived from nine
o'cloclv in the morning until toward sunset, when a
French officer took compassion ou her and put her
out of her misery. An English soldier, on the contrary,
named John , who escaped from prison at Lan-
caster and joined the French, had a piece of flesh cut
from her body and ate it. When she was dead, the
Indian.s chopped her in two, through the middle, and
let her lie until the dogs came and devoured her.
" Three days later an Englishman was brought in,
who had likewise attempted to escape with Colonel
Armstrong, and burned alive in the same village. His
torments, however, continued only about three
hours ; but his screams were frightful to listen to. It
rained that day very hard, so that the Indians could
not keep up the fire. Hence they began to discharge
gunpowder at his body. At last, amidst his worst
pains, when the poor man called for a drink of water,
they brought him melted lead and poured it down his
throat. This draught at once helped him out of the
hands of the barbarians, for he died on the instant.
" It is easy to imagine what an impression such
fearful instances of cruelty make upon the mind of a
poor captive. Does be attempt to escape from the
savages, he knows in advance that if retaken he will
be roasted alive. Hence he must compare two evils,
namely, either to remain among them a prisoner for-
ever, or to die a cruel death. Is he fully resolved to
endure the latter, then he may run away with a brave
heart.
" Soon after these occurrences we were brought to
Fort Duquesne, where we remained for about two
months. We worked for the French and our Indian
master drew our wages. In this place, thank God, we
could again eat bread. Half a pound was given us
daily. We might have had bacon, too, but we took
none of it for it was no good. In 'Some respects we
were better off than in the Indian towns. We could
not, however, abide the French. They tried hard to
induce us to forsake the Indians and stay with them,
making us various favorable offers. But we believed
that it would be better for us to stay among the In-
dians, inasmuch as they would be more likely to make
peace with the English than with the French, and
inasmuch as there would be more ways open for flight
in the forest than in a fort. Consequently we declined
the offers of the French, and accompanied our Indian
master to Sackum,' where we spent the winter, keep-
ing house for the savages, who were continually on
the chase. In the spring we were taken to '' Kasch-
'Sakunk, outlet of the Big Beaver into the Ohio, a point
well-known to all Indians ; their rendezvous in the French
Wars, etc.' Post, in liis journal, under date of August 20,
1758, records his experience at Sakunk (Reichel). See
Post's Journal, Pennsylvania Archives, 0. S., vol. iii., page
527.
'' Kaskasbunk, near the junction of the Slienango and
Mahoning, in Lawrence County.
kaschkung, an Indian town on the Beaver Creek.
There we again had to clear the plantations of the
Indian nobles, after the German fashion, to plant
corn and to do other hard work of every kind. We
remained at this place for about a year and a half.
"After having in the past three years seen no one
of our own flesh and blood, except those unhappy
beings, who, like ourselves, were bearing the yoke of
the heaviest slavery, we had the unexpected pleasure
of meeting with a German, who was not a captive,
but free, and who, as we heard, had been sent into
this neighborhood to negotiate a peace between the
English and the natives. His name was Frederick
Post. We and all the other prisoners heartily wished
him success and God's blessing upon his undertaking.
We were, however, not allowed to speak with him.
The Indians gave us plainly to understand that any
attempt to do tliis would be taken amiss. He himself,
by the reserve with which he treated us, let us see
that this was not the time to talk over our afflictions.
But we were greatly alarmed on his account. For the
French told us that if they caught him they would
roast him alive for five days, and many Indians de-
clared that it was impossible for him to get safely
through, that he was destined for death.
" Last summer the French and Indians were de-
feated by the English in a battle fought at Loyal-
Hannon, or Fort Ligonier. This caused the utmost
consternation among the natives. They brought their
wives and children from Lockstown,'' Sackum, Scho-
mingo, Mamalty, Kaschkaschkung and other places
in that neighborhood to Moschkingo, about one hun-
dred and fifty miles farther west. Before leaving,
however, they destroyed their crops and burned every-
thing which they could not carry with them. We
had to go along and staid at Moschkii;go* the whole
winter.
" In February Barbara Leiuinger agreed with an
Englishman, named David Breckenreach (Brecken-
ridge), to escape, and gave our comrade, Marie le
Roy, notice of their intentions. On account of the
severe season of the year and the long journey which
lay before them, Marie strongly advised her to re-
linquish the project, suggesting that it should be post-
poned until spring, when the weather would be
milder, and promising to accompany her at that time.
" On the last day of February nearly all the In-
dians left Moschkingo, and proceeded to Pittsburgh to
sell pelts. Meanwhile, their women traveled ten
miles up the country to gather roots, and we accom-
panied them. Two men went along as a guard. It
was our earnest hope that the opportunity for a
flight, so long desired, had now come. Accordingly,
Barbara Leininger pretended to be sick, so that she
might be allowed to put up a hut for herself alone.
^ Loggstown, on the Ohio, eight miles above Beaver. —
Weiser's Journal.
* Muskingum.
INDIAN MASSACRES.
63
On the fourteenth of March Marie le Roy was sent
back to the town, in order to fetch two young clogs
which had been left there; and on the same day
Barbara Leininger came out of her hut and visited a
German woman, ten miles from Mosohkingo. This
woman's name is Mary , and she is the wife of a
miller from the South Branch.' She had made every
preparation to accompany us on our flight, but Bar-
bara found that she had meanwhile become lame,
and could not think of going along. She, however,
gave Barbara the provisions which she had stored,
namely, two pounds of dried meat, a quart of corn
and four pounds of sugar. Besides, she presented her
with pelts for mocasins. Moreover, she advised a
young Englishman, Owen Gibson, to flee with us two
girls.
"On the sixteenth of March, in the evening, Gib-
son reached Barbara Leininger's hut, and at ten
o'clock our whole party, consisting of us two girls,
Gibson and David Breckenreach, left Moschkingo.
This town lies on a river in the country of the Della-
mottinoes. We had to pass many huts inhabited by
the savages, and knew that there were at least sixteen
dogs with thera. In the merciful providence of God
not a single one of these dogs barked. Their barking
would have at once betrayed us, and frustrated our
design.
" It is hard to describe the anxious fears of a poor
woman under such circumstances. The extreme
probability that the Indians would pursue and re-
capture us, was as two to one compared with the dim
hope that, perhaps, we would get through in safety.
But, even if we escaped the Indians, how would we
ever succeed in passing through the wilderness, un-
acquainted with a single path or trail, without a
guide, and helpless, half naked, broken down by
more than three years of hard slavery, hungry and
scarcely any food, the season wet and cold, and many
rivers and streams to cross"? Under such circum-
stances, to depend upon one's own sagacity would be
the worst of follies. If one could not believe there is
a God who helps and saves from death, one had
better let running away alone.
" We safely reached the river (Muskingum). Here
the first thought in all our minds was: O! that we
were safely across ! And Barbara Leininger, in par-
ticular, recalling ejaculatory prayers from an old
hymn which she had learned in her youth, put them
together to suit our j^resent circumstances, something
in the following style:
" ' O bring us safely across this river !
In fear I cry, yea my soul doth quiver.
The worst afflictions are now before me,
Where'er I turn nought but death do I see.
Alas ! what great hardships are yet in store
In the wilderness wide, beyond that shore!
i. c, South Branch of the Pototn.ic.
It hath neither water, nor meat, nor bread,
But each new morning something new to dread.
Yet little sorrow would hunger me cost
If I could flee from the savage host,
Which murders and fights and burns far and wide.
While Satan himself is array'd on its side.
Should on us fall one of its cruel hands,
Then, heljj us. Great God, and stretch out Thy
hands !
In Thee will we trust, be Thou ever near.
Art Thou our Joshua, we need, not fear.'
" Presently we found a raft, left by the Iudian.s.
Thanking God that He had himself prepared a way
for us to cross these first waters, we got on board and
pushed off. But we were carried almost a mile down
the river before we could reach the other side. There
our journey began in good earnest. Full of anxiety
and fear, we fairly ran that whole night and all next
day, when we lay down to rest without venturing to
kindle a fire. Early the next morning Owen Gibson
fired at a bear. The animal fell, but, when he ran
with his tomahawk to kill it, it jumped up and bit
him in the feet, leaving three wounds. We all hast-
ened to his assistance. The bear escaped into narrow
holes among the rocks, where we could not follow.
On the third day, however, Owen Gibson shot a deer.
We cut off' the hind quarters, and roasted them at
night. The next morning he again shot a deer,
which furnished us with food for that day. In the
evening we got to the Ohio at last, having made a
circuit of over one hundred miles in order to reach it.
"About midnight the two Englishmen rose and be-
gan to work at a raft, which was finished by morn-
ing. We got on board and safely crossed the river.
From the signs which the Indians had there put up
we saw that we were about one hundred and fifty
miles from Fort Duquesne. After a brief consulta-
tion we resolved, heedless of path or trail, to travel
straight toward the rising of the sun. This we did
for seven days. On the seventh we found that we
had reached the Little Beaver Creek, and were about
fifty miles from Pittsburgh.
"And now, that we imagined ourselves so near the
end of all our troubles and misery, a whole host of
mishaps came upon us. Our provisions were at an
end, Barbara Leininger fell into the water and wa.*
nearly drowned, and, worst misfortune of all, Owen
Gibson lost his flint and steel. Hence we had to
spend four nights without fire amidst rain and snow.
" On the last day of March we came to a river.
Alloquepy,'- about three miles below Pittsburgh. Here
we made a raft, which, however, proved to be too light
to carry us across. It threatened to sink, and Marie
le Roy fell off", and narrowly escaped drowning. We
had to put back, and let one of our men convey one
of us across at a time. In this way we reached the
'' Chartier's Creek.
64
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
MoDongahela River, on the other side of Pittsburgh,
the same evening.
" Upon our calling for he\p, Col. Mercer imme-
diately sent out a boat to bring us to the Fort. At
first, however, the crew created many difficulties
about taking us on board. They thought we were
Indians, and wanted us to spend the night where we
were, saying they would fetch us in the morning.
When we had succeeded in convincing them that we
were English prisoners, who had escaped from the
Indians, and that we were wet and cold and hungry,
they brought us over. There was an Indian with the
soldiers in the boat. He asked us whether we could
speak good Indian ? Marie le Roy said she could
speak it. Thereupon he inquired why she had run
away? She replied that her Indian mother had been
so cross, and had scolded her so constantly, that she
could not stay with her any longer. This answer did
not please him ; nevertheless, doing as courtiers do,
he said he was very glad we had safely reached the
Fori.
" It was in the night from the last of March to the
first of April that we came to Pittsburgh. Most
heartily did we thank God in heaven for all the mercy
which he showed us, for His gracious support in our
weary captivity, for the courage which He gave us to
undertake our flight, and to surmount all the many
hardships it brought us, for letting us find the road,
which we did not know, and of which Pie alone could
know that on it we would meet neither danger nor
enemy, and for finally bringing us to Pittsburgh to our
countrymen in safety.
" Colonel Mercer helped and aided us in every way
which lay in his power. Whatever was on hand and
calculated to refresh us was offered in the most
friendly manner. The Colonel ordered for each of
us a new chemise, a petticoat, a pair of stockings, gar-
ters and a knife. After having spent a day at Pitts-
burgh, we went, with a detachment under command of
Lieutenant Miles,' to Fort Ligonier. There the Lieu-
tenant presented each of us with a blanket. On the
fifteenth we left Fort Ligonier, under protection of
Captain Weiser and Lieutenant Atly,^ for Fort Bed-
ford, where we arrived in the evening of the sixteenth,
and remained a week. Thence, provided with pass-
ports by Lieutenant Geiger, we traveled in wagons to
Harris' Ferry, and from there, afoot, by way of Lan-
caster, to Philadelphia. Owen Gibson remained at
Fort Bedford, and David Breckenreach at Lancaster.
We two girls arrived in Philadelphia on Sunday, the
sixth of May.
''And now we come to the chief reason why we
have given the foregoing narrative to the public. It
is not done in order to render our own sufferings and
humble history famous, but rather in order to serve
the inhabitants of this country, by making them ac-
1 Lieutenant Samuel Miles.
' Lieutenant Samuel .J. Atlee.
quainted with the names and circumstances of those
prisoners whom we met, at the various places where
we were, in the course of our captivity. Their
parents, brothers, sisters and other relations will, no
doubt, be glad to hear that their nearest kith and kin
are still in the land of the living, and that they may
hence entertain some hope of seeing them again in
their own homes, if God permit.
'■ Marie Basket is at Kaschkaschkung. She was
taken prisoner on the Susquehanna, where her hus-
band was killed. She has two sons. The younger is
with his mother ; the elder is in a distant Indian
town.
"Mary Basket's sister — her name is Nancy Basket
— is at Sackum.
" Mary, Caroline and Catharine Hoeth,' three sis-
ters, from the Blue Mountains.
"Anne Gray, who was captiu-ed at Fort Gransville,*
is at Kashkaschkung. We saw her daughter, but she
has been taken farther west by the Indians.
" John Weisman, a young unmarried Englishman,
about eighteen years of age, is now at Moschkingo.
He is said to have been captured on the South
Branch.
"Sarah Boy, David Boy, Rhode Boy, Thomas Boy,
and James Boy, five children. The youngest is about
five or six years olds Sarah, the oldest, is about fif-
teen or sixteen years of age. Three years ago they
were captured in Virginia.
" Nancy and Johanna Dacherty, two sisters, aged
about ten and six years, captured at Conecocheague,
and now in Kaschkaschkung.
" Eve Isaacs, William Isaacs and Catharine Isaacs.
Eve is a widow and has a child of about four years
with her. Her husband was killed by the Indians.
William is about fourteen or fifteen years of age, and
Catharine about twelve. They are Germans. Eve
and her child, together with Catharine, are in Kasch-
kaschkuuk; William in Moschkingo. They were
captured on the South Branch.
" Henry Seifiart, Elizabeth Seiifart, Geo. Seiffart,
Catharine Seiti'art and Maria Seiffart, brothers and
sisters, Germans, captured about thirteen months ago
at Southport, in Virginia, are now at Kaschkaschkung
and Moschkingo.
" Betty Rogers, an unmarried woman, with five or
six brothers and sisters, of whom the youngest is about
four years old, captured three and a half years ago on
the South Branch.
" Betty Frick, a girl of about twenty-two years old,
captured three years ago in Virginia, now in Kasch-
kaschkung.
" Fanny Flardy, from Virginia, married to a French-
man. Her daughter, seven or eight years old, is at
Kaschkaschkung.
3 From Northampton County.
* Fort Granville, one mile west of Lewistown, on the
Juniata.
INDIAN MASSACRES.
65
" Anna Brielinger,' wife of a German smith from
Schomoko, now at Kasohkashkung.
"Peter Lixe'sHwo sons, Joiiu and William, Ger-
man children from Schomoko, now in Kitahohing.
"An old Englishman or Irishman, whose surname
we do not know, but whose Christian name is Dan, a
cooper, captured on the Susquehanna, now at Kasch-
kaschkung. His wife and children are said to be in
this country.
"Elizabeth, a young English woman, captured
about a mile and a half from Justice Gulbret's' place,
on the Swatara. Her child, which she took along, is
dead. Her husband and other children are said to be
living somewhere in this country. She is at Kasch-
kaschkung.
" Marie Peck, a German woman, captured two and
a half years ago in Maryland. Her husband and
children are said to be living somewhere in this
country.
"Margaret Brown, a German single woman, cap-
tured on the South Branch, in Virginia, now in the
country of the Oschaski, a powerful nation, living,
it is said, in a land where there is no timber.
" Mary Ann Villars, from French Switzerland, a
girl of fifteen years, was captured with Marie le Roy,
has a brother and sister living near Lancaster.
"Sally Wood, a single woman, aged about eighteen
or nineteen years, captured in Virginia three and a
half years ago, now in Sackum.
" Two young men, brothers, named Ixon, the one
about twenty, the other about fifteen years old, at
Kaschkaschkung. Their mother was sold to the
French.
" Mary Lory and James Lory, brother and sister,
the first about fourteen, the second about twelve or
thirteen years old, captured three years ago at Fort
Granville.
"Mary Taylor, an English woman, captured at
Fort Granville, together with a girl named Margaret.
" Margaret, the girl captured with the foregoing.
" We became acquainted with many other captives,
men, women and children, in various Indian towns,
but do not know or cannot remember their names.
We are, however, heartily willing to give to all such
as have or believe to have connections among the In-
dians, any further information which may lie within
our power. We intend to go from here to Lancaster,
where we may easily be found."
Massacres in 1756. — The massacre at
Peun's Creek, ou the 1 6th of October, 1755,
aiitl the subsequent Indian attack on John
' Wife of Jacob Breilinger, whose itaprovement was on
Peon's Creek, two miles below New Berlin, in Union
County.
2 Peter Lick, from Penn's Creek, near New Berlin.
^ Galbraith.
6
Harris' armed party, on the west side of the
Susquelianna, on the 25th of the same month
(as related in the letter printed in this chapter,
addressed by him to the Governor), had the ef-
fect which he foresaw, viz. : to drive all the
settlers from their plantations west of the
river, so that none of those whose locations
were above Mahantango Creek returned to
their improvements until after the conclusion of
the "New Purchase"' of 1768.
Another result mentioned by Mr. Harris a.s to
be feared, was that tlie body of (supposed
friendly) Indians collected at Shamokin (Sun-
bury) would finally side with the French, who
were then reported as being in considerable
force, on their way down the West Branch ;
that he was expecting Mon-a-ca-tootha and
Montour at the Ferry (Harrisburg), in a few
days, to inform him what decision the Indians
had made as to their attitude tow-ards the Eng-
lish, whether it was to be war or peace ; and
on the 31 st of October, Andrew Montour, " The
Belt" (a friendly chief), two Mohawks and
other Indians from Shamokin, arrived at Har-
ris' plantation with information that " the whole
body of Indians, or the greatest part of them
in the French interest, is actually encamped on
this (east) side below George Gabriel's, near
Susquehanna," and that a French officer was in
that region, charged with the duty of immedi-
ately commencing the erection of a French fort
at Shamokin ; upon which John Harris and
others issued a call to all His Majesty's subjects
in Pennsylvania to report on the Susquehanna
frontier without delay, to resist the advance of
the French and hostile savages.
On the 27th of January, 1756, a party of
Indians from Shamokin made a foray in the
Juniata Valley, first attacking the house of
Hugh Mitcheltree,^ who was absent at Car-
lisle, having left his house in the care of his
wife and a young man named Edward Nicholas.
Both of these were killed by the Indians, who
then went up the river to the house of Edward
Nicholas, Sr., whom they killed, as also his
wife, and took seven prisoners, namely : Jos-
*0n the farm now owned by Wm.
ware township, .Tuniata County.
Thompson. Dela-
66
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
eph, Thomas and Catharine Nicholas, John
Wilcox, and the wife and two children of
James Armstrong.
" While they were committiug these depredations
in what is now .Juniata County, an Indian named
Cotties wished to be captain of this party, but they
did not choose him ; whereupon he and a boy went
to Sherman's Creek, and killed William Sheridan and
his family, thirteen in number. They then went
down the creek to where three old persons lived, two
men and a woman, named French, whom they killed.
Cotties often boasted afterward that he and the boy
took more scalps than all the others of the party.
" The same Cotties in 1757, went to Hunter's Fort
and killed a young man named William Martin,
whilst he was gathering chestnuts. After the war
was over, the same Cotties, being at the same fort,
was killed by an Indian of the name of Hambus, who
reproached him for the death of young Martin."
The following letters, copied from the original,
giving an account of a massacre by Indians, on
the river, between Thompsontowu and ]\[exico,
are exceedingly interesting, and taken iu connec-
tion with the other extracts, comprise about all
the cotemporary literature on that event and
its sequences. This was the largest butchery of
whites that ever took place in the east end of
Juniata County. The letter of January 28th
proves that at that date Captain Patterson was
with his company at his fort, which was
located " on Juniata," and not on Mahantango.
It is a singular fact that even the tradition of
these murders is lost in this locality.
Extract from a letter from Carlisle, dated
January 29, 1756,—
" This afternoon came to town a man that lived on
Juniata, who in his journey this way called at the
house where the woolcombers lived, about ten miles
from this place, and saw at his door a bed-tick, and
going into the house found a child lying dead and
scalped. This alarmed us much, and while we were
consulting what to do, we received the enclosed,
which puts it past all doubt that the enemy intend to
attack either Sherman's Valley or this place. We
thought it necessary to acquaint you as soon as
possible, not only to hurry you home, but, if thought
needful, that the people of York might send over
some aid."
The following is the " enclosed " referred
to:
" Extract of a Letter from Patterson's Fort, on Juniata,
January 28, 1756.
"This serves to inform you th.at yesterday, some
time in the afternoon, one Adam Nicholson and his
wife were killed and scalped and his daughter and
two sons made prisoners; that the wife and two
children of James Armstrong were also made pris-
oners ; and William Willock and wife killed and
scalped and live children carried off" by the Indians —
in all fifteen people killed and taken. I was this day
with our Captain at the places of the above-mentioned,
where we saw three of the dead people and the houses
burnt to ashes. I desire you would tell Ben Killgore
and his brother to hurry over and all the boys be-
longing to our Company to come in a body, and that
you may be upon your guard, for all the Indians,
except two that went with the prisoners, crossed over
Juniata towards your settlement. There is a large
body of them, as we suppose from their tracks.
" N. B. — The above mischief was done within three
short miles of the Fort., down the creek (river). Just
now a man came to the fort and informed us that Hugh
Mitcheltree's wife and another son of Nicholson's
were also murdered. There are no more missing in
this neighborhood at present." '
" We have advice from Carlisle that, besides the
mischief mentioned in our last to be done by the
Indians near Patterson's Fort on the Juniata, the
party that went to bury the dead found one Sheridan
and his wife, three children and a manservant, all
murdered ; also two others in another house ; these
within ten miles of Carlisle." ''
" I am heartily sorry that I must grieve you with
an account of a most inhuman murder, committed by
the Indians at Juniata and Sherman's Creek on the
27th of last month. Within three miles of Patter-
son's Fort was found Adam Nicholson and his wife
dead and scalped, and his two sons and a daughter
were carried oflT; William Wilcock and his wife dead
and scalped ; [Mrs.] Hugh Mitcheltree and a son of said
Nicholson dead and scalped, with many children, in
all about seventeen. The same day one Sheridan, a
Quaker, his wife and three children and a servant
were killed and scalped, together with one William
Hamilton and his wife and daughter, and one French,
within ten miles of Carlisle, a little beyond Stephens'
Gap." '
The same events are thus related in Gordon's
" History of Pennsylvania," —
" In February, 1756, a party of Indians from
Shamokin came to Juniata. They first came to
Hugh Mitcheltree's, being on the river, who had gone
to Carlisle, and had got a young man named Edward
Nicholas to stay with his wife until he would return ;
the Indians killed them both. The same party of
Indians went up the river where the Lukens' now
live ; William Wilcox lived on the opposite side
^ Penna. Gazette, February 5, 1756.
Tenna. Gazette, February 12. 1756.
2Rev. Thos. Barton at Reading, February 6, 1756.
INDIAN MASSACKP:S.
67
of the river, whose wife and eldest son had come
over the river on some business; the Indians
came while they were there and l^illed old Edward
Nicholas and his wife, and took Joseph, Thomas and
Catherine Nicholas, John Wilcox, James Armstrong's
wife and two children prisoners."
Oil the 24th of March, 1756, Captain James
Patterson (whose plantation was on the Juniata,
wliere the town of Mexico now is), being out
in command of a soouting-partv of borderers,
tell in witii a party of Indians on Middle
Creek, Cumberland County (now Snyder), at-
taci<ed them, icilled and scalped one, and put
the rest to flight On their return', Patterson
and his party reported that from Shamokin to
the Juniata the country was swarming with
Indians, looking for scalps and plunder, and
burning all the houses, and destroying all the
grain whicli the fugitive settlers had left in
that region.
The following extracts from the Pennsylva-
nia Gazette give cotemporary accounts of this
occurrence :
"In a letter from Juniata, in Cumberland County,
dated the 24th of last month, there is advice that
Captain Patterson, being out with a scouting-party
in order to scour the woods as far as Shamokin, on
the 20th of that month fell in with some Indians at
Middle Creek, one of which they killed and scalped,
put the rest to flight and took oft' their horses ; that
one of Captain Patterson's meu was wounded; that
the woods, from Juniata to Shamokin, are full of
Indians seeking for plunder and scaljjs ; that they
found many houses burnt and some burning, and
that it was feared but few, in a short time, would be
left standing, and that all the grain would be de-
stroyed." '
"We also hear from the same place (Carlisle) that
some Indians ha\e been seen very lately within seven
or eight miles of that town ; that Patterson's fort on
Juniata was fired on several times by them a few
days ago, and one Mitcheltree carried off from it;
that a few of them have been seen about tiranville
and Juniata, and that the inhabitants of Cumberland
County, in general, are in the greatest distress and
confusion imaginable, many of them leaving their
habitations, and not knowing where to go or what
to do." -
Tiie Indians committing these depredations
were Delawarcs ; there were no Shawanese
among tliem. They were incited by the
" craftiness, power and bribery of the French "
in Canada, but professed to be largely influ-
enced by grievances about the sale of lands.'
They had their headquarters on the North
Branch at Nescojjcck and points above. Con-
rad Weiscr had sent James Patterson and
Hugh Crawford to Aughwick, in December
previous, to get Indians to carry a message
from the Governor to those at Nescopeck.''
They, were so violent that they threatened to
break the heads of any of their own race who
advised peace with the English.
Forts Buii.t on the Frontier. — In the
mean time the atrocities which had been com-
mitted by the Indians in the fall of the previ-
ous year (1 755) had fully awakened the provincial
authorities to a sense of the insecurity of tlieir
frontiers, and to the pressing necessity of immedi-
ately adopting means to prevent the savages from
extending tlieir depredations over the entire prov-
ince. A principal measure to afford some
degree of safety for settlers, was the erection of
a number of forts to form a continuous line of
defense extending entirely across Pennsylvania,
from near the Delaware Water Gap to the
Maryland line, at Wills' Creek ((Cumberland).
This defensive line ran through the region of
territory to which this history has especial refer-
ence ; the most important of the works within
the boundaries of this territory being Fort
Granville, on the Juniata — a still more im-
portant one being Fort Augusta, which, however,
was located just outside the territory in question,
on the other side of the Susquehanna, at the site
of the present town of Sunbury, then the site of
the Indian town of Shamokin. The order to
George Croghau to select sites and arrange for
the erection of Fort Granville, and two other
works of the same class, was given by Benjamin
Franklin and others, as follows :
"Sir : — You are desired to proceed to Cumberland
County and fix on proper places for erecting three
Stockades, viz. : One back of Patterson's, one upon
Kishecoquillas, and one near Sideling Hill; each of
them fifty feet square, with a Block House on two of
the corners, and a Barracks within, capable of lodging
fifty men. You are also desired to agree with some
proper Person or Persons to oversee the workmen at
' Penna. Oanett-e, March 11, 1756.
' Peniin. Gazette, April 8, 1756.
» Col. Rec, vol. vii. 53.
' Same, vol. vi. 762.
68
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
each Place who shall be allowed such Wages as you
shall agree to give, not exceeding one Dollar per day ;
and the workmen shall be allowed at the rate of six
Dollars per Month and their Provisions, till the work
is finished.
"B. FfiANKLIN,
"Joseph Fox,
" Joseph Hughs,
"Evan Morgan.
"To Captain George Crogan, Philadelphia, Dec. 17,
1755."
Instead, however, of erectiDg "one upon Kish-
acoqiiillas " Creek, according to the instruc-
tions, a site was selected for it at a fine spring
on the bank of the Juniata River, about one
mile above where the borough of Lewistown
now stands. The existence of the spring at
that place luay have been the reason wh_y Crog-
han selected that site instead of " one upon
Kishacoquillas," as named in his letter of in-
structions. A little more than seventy years
afterwards that historic spring was destroyed
by the canal being constructed directly over it.
Upon the site so selected was built the stock-
ade work which received the name of Fort
Granville, and was garrisoned by a company of
enlisted men, under officers regularly commis-
sioned. That the work was commenced very
soon after the order was given to Captain Crog-
han, and that the fort was completed and gar-
risoned during that winter, is shown by a letter
written by Elisha Salter, and dated Carlisle,
April 4, 1756, in which the writer says : " From
Fort Granville, ;31st of March, there was a party
of Indians, fonr in number, within one mile of
the Fort, which fort is so badly stored with
ammunition, not having three rounds per man,
they thought it not jirudent to venture after
them."
Fort Augusta (located at tiie Indian town of
Shamokin, as before mentioned) was not erected
until the following July. It was believed (and
no doubt with good cause) that the French
were preparing to take possession of that point
and build a fort there, and the consent of the
friendly Indians was therefore sought and easily
obtained by the English to take and fortify
the place. The work of erecting Fort Augusta
was done by the men of the regiment com-
manded by Colonel Clapham. The guides of
the expedition were Joseph Greenwood and
George Gabriel — the last-named of whom had
his house, store and other buildings (where Se-
lin's Grove now stands) burned by the Indians
in their second raid of the preceding year.
Among the officers of the regiment under Col-
onel Clapham was Ensign Samuel Miles, who,
twenty years later, was a colonel, commanding
a regiment in the Continental army under Gen-
eral Washington, and who became the jjropri-
etor of Milesburg, Centre County, Pa. He
kept a journal of events connected with the
erection of the fort, from which journal the fol-
lowing extract is made,' viz. :
" We marched up the west side of the Susquehan-
na, until we came opposite where the town of Sun-
bury now stands, where we crossed in batteaux, and
I had the honor of being the first man who put his
foot on shore at landing. In building the fort, Cap-
tain Levi Trump and myself had charge of the work-
men ; and after it was finished our battalion remained
there in garrison until the year 1758. In the summer
of 1757 I was nearly taken prisoner by the Indians.
At about one-half mile distance from the fort stood a
large tree that bore excellent plums, on an open piece
of ground, near what is now called the Bloody spring.
Lieutenant Samuel Atlee" and myself one day took a
walk to this tree, to gather plums. While we were
there a party of Indians lay a short distance from us,
concealed in the thicket, and had nearly got between
us and the fort, when a soldier, belonging to the bul-
lock guard not far from us, came to the spring to
drink. The Indians were thereby in danger of being
discovered ; and, in consequence, fired at and killed
the soldier, by which means we got off, and returned
to the fort in much less time than we were in coming
out."
" Fort Bigham " was a strong block-house
and small stockade located about twelve miles
from Mifflintown, in Tuscarora Valley, ou the
plantation of Samuel Bigham, who, with three
other Scotch-Irish settlers, — viz. : John and
James Gray and Robert Hoag, — came and lo-
cated at that place soon after 1754, and, joining
their forces, built a "fort" on Bigham's land
as a place of refuge and protection for tliem-
selves and families. It was also used as a shel-
ter by the other settlers who came to the vi-
cinity during the succeeding seven years, until
' Penna. Archives, 2d Series, 745.
^ Lieutenant Atlee also became colonel of a battalion in
the Revolutionary army.
INDIAN MASSACRES.
69
June, 1756, when it was attacked, captured and
burned by Indians, who killed or took prisoner
every person who was in the fort. The Penn-
gylvaiua Gazette of June 17, gave tliis account
of the massacre :
" We have advice from Carlisle tliat on Friday
night last (June 11th), Capt. Bigham's Fort, in Tus-
carora Valley, was destroyed by the Indians. There
is no particular account come to hand, only in gene-
ral it is said that all that were in it are either killed
or carried off; and that a woman, big with child, was
found dead and scalped near the fort, mangled in a
most shocking manner."
From Pennsylvania Gazette, June 24. " The fol-
lowing is a list of the persons killed and missing at
Bigham's Fort, viz : George Woods, Nathaniel Big-
ham, Robert Taylor, his wife and two children, Fran-
cis Innis, his wife and three children, John McDon-
nell, Hannah Gray, and one child, missing. Some
of these supposed to be burnt in the fort, as a num-
ber of bones were found there. Susan Giles was
found dead and scalped in the neighborhood of the
fort. Robert Cochran and Thomas McKinney found
dead, scalped. Alexander McAllister and his wife,
James Adams, Jane Cochran and two children
missed. McAllister's house was burned and a number
of cattle and horses driven off. The enemy was sup-
posed to be numerous, as they did eat and carry off a
great deal of Beef they had killed."
At the time when the savages made their
attack on the fort, Joiin Gray, one of the above-
named original settlers of the place, was absent
at Carlisle, whither he had gone to procure salt.
On his return he found the fort destroyed and
his family missing, — probably prisoners in the
hands of the Indiaus. In the hope of finding,
or hearing from them, he volunteered to go
with Cohjnel Armstrong, in the expedition
which went soon afterwards, against the Indian
town of Kittauing, on the Allegheny, but he
gained no intelligence of those whom he sought,
and soon after his return he left the Juniata
country, and went back to his old home in
Bucks County, where he remained until his
death. Meanwhile, iiis wife and daughter had
been taken by their savage captors to Kittaning
and thence to Canada, from which latter place
Mrs. Gray escaped and returned to Tuscarora
Valley in 1757. Afterwards, a young woman
claiming to be the daughter made her appear-
ance there also, and was said to have been
recognized by the mother ; a full account of
the case will be found in Milford township,
Juniata County.
Concerning the two Patterson Forts, the two
Captains Patterson, James, the father (hereto-
fore alluded to) and William, his son, and the
much-written of, but mythical " Pomfret Cas-
tle," a well-known historical student' gives
much interesting information and clears away
the old existing confusion. Pie says, —
" There were two Captain Pattersons and two Pat-
terson's forts, and these have been the means of much
confusion. Capt. James, the father, lived at Mexico,
and had a house fitted up for defense against Indians,
soon after Braddock's defeat ; at all events, it had the
name of Patterson's fort before the close of 1755.
Capt. William Patterson lived opposite Mexico, at
Wetzler's place, and had a house fitted up for defense,
the logs of which were in position yet within the
writer's memory, but this fort was not built until af-
ter the French and Indian War, probably in 1768,
and hence, is not the one referred to in the Colonial
Records and Archives, and on maps.
"The order of the Commissioners, Dec. 17, 175.'),
for the erection of forts west of Susquehanna, desig-
nated one of the three to be located ' back of Patter-
son's.' It was to be on the Mahantango (near Rich-
field) and was to have been built by Col. Burd and
Captain Patterson. Although the Governor wrote
to other Governors that these forts were all finished
on January, 29, 1756, yet on February 2d he hoped it
would be finished in 10 days ; yet it appears from his
own letter that this one, which was to be called
' Pomfret Castle,' had nothing done to it yet on Feb-
ruary 3rd, and on the 9th he again says it ' is
erected ; ' but on the 14th of June he orders Capt.
George Armstrong ' to build it where it was laid out
by Major Burd ; ' and it is doubtful whether any work
was ever done upon it. Patterson put up or strength-
ened his own fort at Mexico, and great confusion has
arisen by confounding it with the proposed Pomfret
Castle, or rather, it locates them both at Litchfield.
The same view was taken by the compiler of the
State Archives in the article on forts. The error, per-
haps, arose from the directions to paymaster Elisha
Salter, who, on leaving Fort Granville, was directed
to go in charge of a guard to ' Pomfret Castle, or
Patterson's Fort.' This might mean that the latter
was onlj' another name fm- the former. It may, also,
and in this ease does, mean that he was to go to the
one place, orthe other, as circumstances on his arrival
pointed out. It was certainly known that the soldiers
were likely at Patterson's, at Mexico, and the instruc-
tion was, that if he learned at Fort Granville that
they were still at Patterson's, he was to go there.
' Prof. A. L. Guss.
70
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
" In the text accompanying the Historical Map of
Pennsylvania it is stated that Patterson's Fort was
built in 1751, and Pomfret Castle built in 1756, both
in Snyder county. This is a strange jumble. Patter-
son's fort was not built in Snyder, nor in 1751. No
man can prove that this, or any other fort in this
region, was built at that date. The map gives an
Indian path from Shamokin, by way of Pomfret
Castle and Mexico, to Mifflintown. This path came
to the Delaware run, where, it seems, Musemeelin
lived in 1744 when he followed and killed Jack Arm-
strong, and is said to be the same place that the 'Dutch-
man' Starr settled. The several relations of the
capture of Hugh Mitcheltree, already given, are also
relied upon to prove that Patterson's Fort and Pom-
fret Castle were the same."
In regard to the name " Pomfret Castle," it
may be stated that it was used by Elisha Salter,
in reporting the capture of Hugh Mitcheltree ;
but there is abundant evidence that he
applied the name to Patterson's Fort of
Mexico. There is no foundation for the belief
that " Pomfret Castle " ever was built.
The same writer from whose pen came the
foregoing, contributes the following about Cap-
tains James and A\'illiam Patterson :
" It is related by Jones, on the authority of Andrew
Banks, that Capt. James Patterson kept a well-rid-
dled target at quite a distance from his house, and
whenever he saw Indians coming near he would fire
at the target, and then let them examine the spot
where the bullet entered, which thus always seemed
to be at the center, and that this made them shrug
their shoulders and call him ' Big Shot.' The other
story about a wooden cannon, used even sometimes
by his wife to frighten Indians, is too improbable
and impossible to need serious contradiction.
"In 'Sherman Day's Collections ' remarkable abil-
ities are attributed to Captain William, while no
mention is made of Captain James. Samuel Evans,
of Columbia, says Captain William was called ' Long
Gun ' by the Indians, and that he was a brave and
dashing officer, and followed the Indians into their
fastnesses and struck them deadly blows. The fact
is, they were both, doubtless, good marksmen, a
qualification not unusual in those days, and beyond
controversy they were both prudent in time of peace,
as well as excellent Indian fighters when it became
necessary. Had their history been freshly written up,
it would doubtless compare with those of Smith,
Brady and others.
" Nothing can better illustrate the pluck and pa-
triotism, the spirit and service of Captain James Pat-
terson than the following extract taken from a letter
written by him to Col. John Armstrong, on March
27, 1759, he being then at ' Harris's Ferry ' :
" ' I received the message which you was pleased
to send by Colonel Work to me, and am highly
obliged to your honor for the regard you always en-
tertain for me and my interest, a favor which I shall
always with most humble gratitude acknowledge. I
must acquaint your honor that I am in a low state of
health, by reason of the great hardship and fatigue
that I underwent in the last campaign, but I am in
hopes that I shall overcome it in time ; but as the
Doctor assures me that if I do not take good care of
myself, I shall lose the use of my limbs, I am afraid I
shall not be capable for some time of going out upon
a new campaign, but should be willing to continue
in the service if your honor would think proper to
have me stationed in some fort or garrison until I
come to my full strength and the use of my limbs;
and as I am acquainted with the ways and humors of
the Indians, I humbly conceive I could be of service
to my country if stationed at Augusta ; all of which I
leave to your honor's most wise consideration. Yes-
terday I received an account from Augusta that my
son was come in there and bi-ought with him a lusty,
able French prisoner, and that the Indians stood ex-
ceeding true and faithful to him. I expect him down
as soon as he rests himself after his fatigue.' "
There were numerous minor events in the
rude drama of Indian war during 1756. Some
of these of particular local interest — the Wool-
comber tragedy and others — we extract from
the account given by Robert Robison, a partic-
ipant, as given in after-years.' He says, — •
"Sideling Hill was the first fought battle after
Braddock's defeat. In the year 1756 a party of In-
dians came out of Conococheague to a garrison of the
name of McCord's Fort, and killed some and took a
number of prisoners. They then took their course
near to Fort Littleton. Captain Hamilton being sta-
tioned there with a company, hearing of their route
at McCord's Fort, marched with his company of men,
having an Indian with them who was under pay.
This Indian led the company, and came on the tracks
of the Indians, and soon tracked them to Sideling
Hill, where they found them with their prisoners,
and having the first fire, but without doing much
damage, the Indians returned the fire, defeated our
men and killed a number of them. My brother,
James Robison, was among the slain. The Indians
had McCord's wife with them ; they cut ofl'Mr. James
Blair's head and threw it in Mrs. McCord's lap, saying
that was her husband's head, but she knew it to be
Blair's.
"The next I remember of was in the same year.
The Woolcomber's family on Shearman's Creek, the
whole of the inhabitants of the valley was gathered
to a fort at George Robison 's, but the Woolcombers
In " Loudon's Narrative, " published in Carlisle in 1813.
INDIAN MASSACRES.
71
would not leave home. He said it was the Irish who
were killing one another; these peaceable people, the
Indians, would not hurt any person. Being at home and
at dinner, the Indians came in, and the Quaker asked
them to eome in and eat dinner. An Indian answered
that he did not come to eat, but for scalps. The son, a
boy of fourteen or fifteen years of age, when he heard
the Indian say so, repaired to a back door, and as he
went out he looked back and saw the Indian strike
the tomahawk into his father's head. The boy then
ran over the creek, which was near to the house, and
heard the screams of his mother, sisters and brothers.
The boy came to our fort and gave us the alarm ;
about forty went to where this was done and buried
the dead."'
Here follows an aecount of the Kittaniug
e.Kpeditioii, in which there is nothing local ex-
cept that Andrew Douglas, who lived near
Jericho, in Fermanagh township, Juniata
County, was shot through both ankles.
Robison further savs, —
" I forgot to give you an account of a murder done
at our own fort in Sherman's Valley in July, 1756. The
Indians waylaid the fort in harvest-time, and kept
quiet until the reapers were gone; James Wilson
remaining some time behind the rest, and I not being
gone to my business, which was hunting deer for the
use of the company. Wilson standing at the fort gate,
I desired liberty to shoot his gun at a mark, upon
which he gave me his gun and I shot. The Indians
on the upper side of the fort, thinking they were dis-
covered, rushed on a daughter of Robert Miller and
instantly killed her, and shot at John Simmeson ;
they then made the best of it they could, and killed
the wife of James Wilson and the Widow Gibson, and
took Hugh Gibson and Betsey Henry prisoners.
"The reapers, being forty in number, returned to
the fort, and the Indians made ott'. While the Indian
was scalping Mrs. Wilson, the relator shot at and
wounded him, but he made his escape."
Some time in the month of July, 1756, the
Indians appeared again in Shearman's A^alley,
and abducted Hugh Robison, who says, —
" I was taken captive by the Indians from Robison
Fort, in Shearman's Valley, in July 175(5, at which
time my mother was killed. I was taken back to
their towns, where I suH'ered much from hunger and
abuse ; many times they beat me most severely, and
once they sent me to gather wood to burn myself, but
I cannot tell whether they intended to do it or to
frighten me ; however, I did not remain long before I
was adopted into an Indian family, and then lived as
they did, though the living was very poor. I was
then about fourteen years of age. My Indian father's
name was Busguetom ; he was lame in consequence
of a wound received by his knife in skinning a iSeer,
and being unable to walk, he ordered me to drive
forks in the ground and cover it with bark to make a
lodge for him to lie in ; but the forks not being secure
they gave way and the bark fell upon him and hurt
him very much, which put him in a great rage, and
calling for his knife, ordered us to carry him in a
blanket into the hut, and I must be one that helps
carry him in. While we were carrying him in I saw
him hunting for his knife, but my Indian mother had
taken care to convey it away, and when we had got
him again fixed in his bed, my mother ordered me to
conceal myself, which I did. I afterwards heard him
reproving her for putting away the knife, for by this
time I had learned to understand a little of their lan-
guage. However, his passion wore oft', and we did very
well for the future. . . .
" Having now been with them a considerable time,
a favorable opportunity oflfered me to regain my lib-
erty. My old father Busguetom lost a horse, and he
sent me to hunt for liim. After searching some time
I come home and told him that I had discovered his
tracks at considerable distance, and that I thought i
could find him ; that I would take my gun and provi-
sion, and would hunt three or four days, and if I could
kill a bear or deer I would pack home the meat on
the horse. Accordingly, I packed up some provisions
and started for the white settlements, not fearing pur-
suit for some days, and by that time I would be out of
the reach of the pursuers. But before I was aware I
was almost at a large camp of Indians by a creek-
side. This was in the evening, and I had to conceal
myself in a thicket till it was dark, and then passed
the camp and crossed the creek in one of their canoe-s.
I was much afraid that their dogs would give the
alarm, but happily got safe past. I traveled on for
several days, and on my way I spied a bear, shot at
and wounded him so that he could not run, but being
too hasty, ran up to him with my tomahawk; before
I could give him a blow he gave me a severe stroke
on the leg which pained me very much, and retarded
my journey much longer than it otherwise would have
been. However, I traveled on as well as I could till
I got to the Allegheny River, where I collected some
poles, with which I made a raft, and bound it together
with elm bark and grape-vines, by which means I got
over the river, but in crossing I lost my gun, I ar-
rived at Fort Pitt in fourteen days from the time of
my start, after a captivitv of five years and four
months,"'
De.structiox of Fort Graxyille. — Fort
Granville, on the Juniata, above the site of
the town of Lewistown, heretofore described,
was attacked and destroyed by French and
Indians in the summer of 1756. The first
^ " Loudon's Narrative," vol. ii. p. 196.
JUiNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
appearance of any considerable force of the
enemy in its vicinity was on the 22d of
July, when about sixty savages, who had
been lurking in that region for some days,
made a demonstration in its front, firing
on and wounding one of the men whom they
surprised a short distance out, but who succeeded
in escaping from them into the stockade. They
made no further attack at tiiat time, but sepa-
rated into smaller parties, some of whom scouted
down the valley and attacked the house of
Robert Baskins, who lived at the mouth of the
Juniata, and whom they killed, burning his
cabin and carrying off" his wife and children
prisoners. Another party of marauders at-
tacked the house of Hugh Carroll and took
him and all his family prisoners. After com-
mitting these and other depredations, the enemy
still remained lurking in the vicinity of the
Juniata Valley, with the evident intention of
assaulting Fort Granville before their return.
Their force was differently estimated at one hun-
dred and fifty men, about one-third of whom
(including their commanding officer) were
French, but the larger part were Delaware and
Shawanese warriors from the Indian stronghold
of Kittaning, on the Allegheny, they being
under the immediate command of the Chiefs
Shingas and Captain Jacob.
On the 30th of July Captain Edward Ward,
the commandant of Granville, marched from
the fort with a detachment of men from the
garrison, destined for Tuscarora Valley, where
they were needed as a guard to the settlers
while they were engaged in harvesting their
grain. The party under Captain Ward era-
braced the greater part of the defenders of the
fort, which was then left with only twenty-four
men, under command of Lieutenant Edward
Armstrong. Soon after the departure of Cap-
tain Ward's detachment the fort was sur-
rounded by the hostile force of French and
Indians, who immediately made an attack,
which they continued in their skulking, In-
dian manner through the afternoon and fol-
lowing night, but without being able to inflict
much damage on the whites. Finally, after
many hours had been spent in their inef-
fectual attacks, the Indians availed themselves
of the protection afforded by a deep ravine, up
which they passed from the river-bank to within
twelve or fifteen yards of the fort, and from
that secure position succeeded in setting fire to
the logs and burning out a large hole, through
which they fired on the defenders, killing the
commanding officer, Lieutenant Armstrong,
and one private soldier, and wounding three
others. They then demanded the surrender of
the fort and garrison, promising to spare their
lives if the demand was acceded to. Upon
this, a man named John Turner ' opened the
gate and the besiegers at once entered and took
possession, capturing, as prisoners, twenty-two
men, three women and a number of children.
The fort was burned by the Chief Jacob, by
order of the French officer in command, and
the savages then departed, driving before them
their prisoners, heavily burdened with the
plunder taken from the fort and the settlers'
houses which they had robbed and burned. On
their arrival at the Indian rendezvous, Kittan-
ing, all the prisoners were cruelly treated, and
Turner, the man who had opened the gate of
the fort to the savage besiegers, suffered the
dreadful death by burning at the stake, endur-
ing the frightful torment for three hours, dur-
ing which time red-hot gun-barrels were forced
through parts of his body, his scalp was torn
from his head and burning splinters were
stuck in his flesh, until at last an Indian boy
(being held up for the purpose) sunk a hatchet
in the brain of the victim, and so released him
from his agony.
Among the prisoners taken by the French
and Indians at Fort Granville, was one Peter
Walker, who, with others afterwards made his
escape, and deposed before John Armstrong,
Esq., at Carlisle, with reference to the circum-
stances attending the capture, as fellows :
" That some of the Germans [taken prisoners by the
Indians at Granville] flagged very much on the second
day, and that the Lieutenant [Armstrong, who was
killed in the fort] behaved with the greatest bravery
to the last, despising all the terrours and threats of the
Enemy, whereby they often urged him to surrender ;
1 Previously a resident in Buffalo Valley, where he had
sold out his improvement to John Harris in the preceding
year, now owned hy R. V. B. Lincoln.
INDIAN MASSACRES.
though he had been near two days without Water, but
a little Ammunition left, the Fort on fire and the
Enemy situated within twelve or fourteen yards of the
fort, under the natural bank, he was as far from
yielding as when first attacked ; a Frenchman in our
Service, fearful of being burnt, asked Leave of the
Lieutenant to treat with his countrymen in the
French language ; the Lieutenant answered : ' The
first word of French you speak in this Engagement,
I'll blow your brains out,' telling his men to hold out
bravely, for the Flame was falling, and he would soon
have it extinguished, but soon after received the
fatal Ball. The French Officer refused the Soldiers
the liberty of interring his corpse, though it was to be
done in an instant, when they raised the cry to quench
the fire. One Brandon, a Soldier who had been shot
through the knee, on the approach of the Enemy
called out: 'I am a Roman Catholick and will go
with you,' but the Indians, regardless of his faith, ob-
serving he could not march, soon dispatched him with
a Tomahawk."
The deposition of John Hogan, another of
the escaped prisoners, taken before Colonel
Armstrong, was as follow.s:
" COMBERLAXD CoUNTY :
"The first day of June in the year of our Lord,
1757, before me, John Armstrong, Esquire, one of His
Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the County of
Cumberland aforesaid, came John Hogan, late a sol-
dier belonging to Captain Edward Ward's company
of Foot, in the pay of the Province of Pennsylvania
and upon his solemn Oath did depose and declare
that on or about the first Day of August last past
(1756) he, this Deponent, with several others, was
taken Prisoner at Fort (iranville by a party of French
and Indians — sonsisting of one hundred Indians and
fifty French — who took this Deponent and the rest of
the Prisoners to the Kittaning, where they continued
about three hours, in which Time John Turner, one
of the Prisoners, was then burnt. They were then
taken down the River to Fort Du Quesne. where they
staid but a few hours — the French and Indians not
agreeing — they then proceeded to Logs Town, where
this Deponent mostly continued, until he made his
Escape, which was about nine weeks ago. And this
Deponent further saith that During the time of his
captivity he was several times at Fort Du Quesne and
was fully satisfied that the Garrison consisted of about
three hundred French, had six Guns, five or six-
pounders, mounted, and seven Swivels. That there
were no Indians in the Fort; but at about two miles
distant from the Fort was an Indian Town, wherein
were about fifty or sixty of the natives. Twenty where-
of were able to bear Arms. That the walls of the
Bastions of the said Fort were about fourteen feet
thick ; The curtain about four or five feet thick, ex-
cept that next the River, which is built as a common
Stockade; that between the two Bastions, in the
Pennsylvania side, there is a Ditch about six feet
wide, and about seven or eight feet deep. That
about four Days before this Deponent made his Es-
cape, there were twenty battoes arrived at Fort Du
Quesne for Canada, loaded with Ammunition and
Provisions, and that it was reported that they also ex-
pected a large reinforcement of French and Indians
from Canada and Mississippi and that they would
then Endeavour to cut off" the back Inhabitants; and
also said that if the English did not go out this Sum-
mer, they would come to them. And this Deponent
further Saith that the Indians, having sold a Prisoner
to the French, received a nine-gallon keg of brandy.
This Deponent and George Hily, another Prisoner,
thought that would be a good Time for them to es-
cape, as it was customary for the Indians on such Oc-
casions to make a frolick and get drunk, whereupon
they set off' and brought Martin Borrowelly, another
Prisoner, along with them, and arrived at the South
Branch of the Potomack in three weeks from the
time of their escape.
"Sworn at Carlisle the 1st of June, 1757, before
" John Armstrong."
ab.a.xdonmext of the settlements
Akmstkoxo's Expedition. — The butcheries
of the sutumer of 1756, closing with the capture
of Fort Granville and its garrison, struck
terror to the hearts of the pioneers of the region
west of the Susquehanna and caused the pre-
cipitate abandonment of the settlements from
the Blue Mountains northward and westward
to the West Branch. From the valley of that
stream the fugitive settlers and their families
retired for safety to Fort Augusta, and thence
eastward to their former homes, while those
who had located themselves along the Juniata and
in the valleys of its tributaries, fled for their
lives across the mountains, and took refuge at
Carlisle and Shippensburg. " In 1755," says
Gordon, "the country west of the Susquehanna
River hud three thousand men fit to bear arms.'
In August, 1756, exclusive of the Provincial
soldiers, there was not one hundred ; fear having
driven them from their Immes into the interior
of the Province."
Immediately after the Fort Granville atiair
the whites retaliated with vigorous and incisive
measures, Colonel Armstrong, with a large force,
marching westward on his famous Kittanning
expedition. The Indian stronghold was
' This is evidently an absurdly extravagant estininte.
74
JUiNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
situated where the present thriving borough of
the same name is, — upon the Allegheny, forty-
five miles above Pittsburgh. Kittanning was
attacked at daybreak of September 8, 1756,
and, in revenge for the destruction of Fort
Granville and other atrocities, was completely
destroyed, its thirty houses, or huts, being
burned, while a large number of the Indians
were killed, among them, it is averred, the
chief, Captain Jacob — though this is a mooted
question. A considerable quantity of arms,
ammunition and stores which the French had
assisted the savages to gather at that point were
also captured.
The severe blow dealt by Colonel Armstrong
had the effect to render the Indians less bold
and aggressive, and to withdraw many of the
Delawares from the French alliance. The
negotations with Teedyuscung and the eastern
Delawares, in 1757, also had a favorable effect;
but the bands of Captain Jacob, and the other
western Delawares and Shawanese who still re-
mained in league with the French, continued
their murdering and burning raids wherever
exposed white settlements could be found, until
1758, when the treaty of Easton brought peace
once more to the harassed frontiers of Pennsyl-
vania. At that time, as before mentioned, the
Indian purchase of 1754 was confirmed (with
a material change of the western and north-
western boundary), but the treaty of peace and
the confirmation of the purchase did not have
the effect to cause the return of the great body
of settlers who had fled the country in terror
during the bloody summer and fall of 1756,
though a considerable number did come back
to reoccupy their lands, which they were then
enabled to enjoy in comparative freedom from
molestation until 1762, M'hen the machinations
of the western chief, Pontiac, began to develop
themselves, and to foreshadow another period
of devastation and blood for the frontiers.
Second Period of Indian War. — The
plan of the great Ottawa chief was to unite all
the Indian tribes east and west against the
whites, and in the harvest-time of 1763 to in-
vade their settlements, carrying massacre and
conflagration in their path. This plan was put
in bloody execution in many localities, among
which was the upper part of Cumberland
County (northward of the Blue Mountain),
which region suffered in the hostilities of that
year perhaps more severely (in proportion to
the number of inhabitants which it then con-
tained) than any other part of the province of
Pennsylvania. Again (as in 1756) the country
was abandoned by the settlers, who fled from
their homes across the mountain and sought
refuge at Carlisle, Bedford, Shippensburg, Fort
Littleton and other points.
A letter from Carlisle, under date of August
14, 176.">, to the rector of Christ Church, Phila-
delphia, stated that in Cumberland County,
principally in the Juniata Valley, seven hun-
dred and fifty families had abandoned their
plantations and crops from fear of Indian in-
cursions. Several occuirences had given legiti-
mate ground for this terror and flight. On the
10th of July, 1763, the Indians committed
murders at William White's, on the Juniata,
at Robert Campbell's, on Tuscarora Creek, and
at William Anderson's, and committed depre-
dations at Collins' and James Scott's, in the
Tuscarora Vallej^, and burned Graham's house.
The white massacre and some of the other
atrocities are interestingly and probably accur-
ately related by Robert Robison,' as follows :
" In the second war, on the fifth (tenth) day of
July, 1763, the Jndians came to Juniata, it being
harvest-time there, and the white people were come
back to reap their crops. They came first to the
house of William Wliite; it was on the Sabbath day ;
the reapers were all in the house. The Indians
crept up nigh to the house-door and shot the people
laying on the floor, killed William White and all his
fjimily that were there, excepting one boy, who,
when he heard the guns, leaped ijut of the window
and made his escape.
" This same party went to Robert Campbell's, on
the Tuscarora Creek, surprised them in tlie same
way, shot them on the floor, where they were resting
themselves. One George Dodds, being there harv-
esting, had just risen and gone into the room and lay
down on the bed, setting his gun beside him. When
the Indians fired, one of them sprang into the house
witli his tomahawk in liis hand, running up to where
a man was standing in the corner. Dodds fired at
the Indian not six feet from him ; the Indian gave
a halloo and ran out as fast as he could. There be-
ing an opening in the loft above the bed, Dodds
' '■ Loudon's Narrative."
INDIAN MASSACRES.
75
sprung up there and went out by the chimney,
making his escape and carae to Shearman Valley.
He came to William Dickson's and told what had
happened, there being a young man there which
lirought the news to us, who were harvesting at Ed-
ward Elliot's other intelligence ; we got in the night.
John (rraham, John Christy and James Christy were
alarmed in the evening by guns firing at William
Anderson's, where the old man was killed with his
Bible in his hand, supposed he was about worship ;
his son also was killed and a girl that had been
brought up by the old people. Graham and the
Christys come about midnight, we hearing the In-
dians had got so far up the Tuscarora Valley, and
knowing Collins' family and James Scott's were
there about their harvest, twelve of us concluded to
go over Bingham's Gap and give those word that
were there. When we came to Collins' we saw that
the Indians had been there, had broke a vvlieel, emp-
tied a bed and taken flour, of which they made some
water gruel. We counted thirteen spoons made of
l)ark ; we followed the tracks down to James Scott's,
wliere we found the Indians had killed some fowls; we
pursued on to Graham's; there the house was on fire
and burned down to the joists ; we divided our men
into two parties, six in each. My brother with his
party came in behind the barn, and myself with the
other party carae down through an oats-held. I was
to shoot. The Indians had hung a coat upon a post
on the other side of the fire from us. I looked at it and
saw it immovable, and therefore walked down to it
and found that the Indians had just left it. They
had killed four hogs and had eaten at pleasure. Our
company took their tracks and found that two com-
panies had met at Graham's and had gone over the
Tuscarora Mountain. We took the Run Gap, the
two roads meeting at Nicholson's. They were there.
They first heard us coming and lay in ambush for us.
They had the first fire, being twenty-five in number
and only twelve ' of us. They killed five and wounded
' The names of the twelve were William Robison, who
acted as captain, Robert Robison, the relator of this narra-
tive, Thomas Robison, being three brothers ; John Graham,
Charles Elliot, William Christy, James Christy, David
Miller, .John Elliot, Edward McConnell, William McAllis-
ter and John Nicholson. The persons killed were William
Robison (shot in the belly with buck-shot and got about
half a mile from the ground) : John Elliot, then a boy of
about seventeen years of age, having emptied his gnn, was
pursued by an Indian with his tomahawk, who was within
a few perches of him when Elliot had poured some powder
into his gun by random out of his powder-horn, and hav-
ing a bullet in his mouth put it in the muzzle, but hnd no
time to ram it down ; he turned and fired at his pursuer,
who clapped his hand ou his stomach and cried, 'Och,'
turned and fled. Elliot had run but a few perches further
on when he overtook William Robison weltering in his
blood, in his last agonies. He requested Elliot to carry
myself. They then went to Alexander Logan's,
where they emptied some beds and passed on to
George McCord's.
"A party of forty men came from Carlisle in order
to bury the dead of Juniata. When they saw the
dead at Bufi'alo Creek, they returned home. Then a
party of men came with Captain Dunning; but belore
they came to Alexander Logan's, his son John,
Charles Coyle, William Hamilton, with Bartholomew
Davis, followed the Indians to George McCord's,
where they were in the barn. Logan and those with
him were all killed except Davis, who made his
escape. The Indians then returned to Logan's house
again, when Captain Dunning and his party came on
tliem, and they fired some time at each other. Dun-
ning had one man wounded."
Interesting cotemporary accounts of the oc-
him off, who excused himself by telling him of his ina-
bility to do so, and also of the danger they were in. He
said he knew it, but desired him to take his gun with him,
and. peace or war, if ever he had an opportunity of an
Indian to shoot him for his sake. Elliot brought away the
gun, and Robison was not found by the Indians. Thomas
Robison stood on the ground until the whole of his people
had fled ; nor did the Indians offer to pursue until the last
men left the field. Thomas having fired and charged the
second time the Indians were prepared for him, and when
he took aim past the tree a number fired at the same time
and one of his arms was broken ; he look his gun in the
other and fled. Going up a hill he came to a high log and
clapped his hand, in which was his gun, on the log to as-
sist in leaping over it ; while in the altitude of stooping, a
bullet entered his side, going in a triangular course
through his body ; he sunk down across the log. The In-
dians sunk the cock of his gun into his brains ai.d
mangled him very much. John Graham was seen by
David Miller sitting on a log, not far from the place of at-
tack, with his hands on his face and the blood running
through his fingers. Charles Elliot and Edward McCon-
nell took a circle round where the Indians were laying
and made the best of their way to Buffalo Creek : but
they were pui-sued by the Indians, and where they crossed
the creek there was a high bank, and, as they were
ascending the bank, they were both shot and fell back
into the water. Thus ended this unfortunate affair to
those engaged; but, at the same time, it appears as if the
hand of Providence had been in the whole transaction, for
there is every reason to believe that spies had been view-
ing the place the night before, and the Indians wt-re
within three-quarters of a mile of the place from which
the men had started, when there would have been from
twenty to thirty men pei'haps in the field reaping, and all
the guns that could be depended on were in this small
company except one, so that they might have become an
easy prej-, and instead of those five brave men who lost
their lives three times that number might have sufiiced.
The two Christys were about a week before they could
make their escape The Indians one night passed so near
them they could have touched them with their guns.
76
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
currences of this period and the condition of
tlie country, especially in old Cumberland
County (which contained much of the territory
here under consideration), are given in letters
to the Pennsylvania Gazette, written from Car-
lisle in July and August, 1763 :
" Carlisle, July 12, 1763.
" I embrace this first leisure, since yesterday morn-
ing, to transmit you a brief account of our present
state of affairs here, which indeed is very distressing;
every day almost affording some fresh object to awa-
ken the compassion, alarm the fears or kindle into
resentment and vengeance every sensible breast,
while flying families, obliged to abandon house and
possession, to save their lives by a hasty escape;
mourning widows bewailing their husbands, surprised
and massacred by savage rage ; tender parents lam-
enting the fruit of their own bodies, cropt in the very
bloom of life by a barbarous hand ; with relations
and acquaintances pouring out sorrow for murdered
neighbors and friends, present a scene of mingled
distress.
" When, for some time, after striking at Bedford,
the Indians appeared quiet, nor struck any other
part of our frontiers, it became the prevailing opin-
ion that our forts and communication were so pecu-
liarly the object of their attention that, till at least
after harvest, there was little prospect of danger to
our inhabitants over the hills; and to dissent from
this generally-received sentiment was political her-
esy, and attributed to timidity rather than judgment,
till too early conviction has decided the point in the
following manner :
" On Sunday morning, the 10th inst., about nine or
ten o'clock, at the house of one William White, on
Juniata, between thirty and forty miles hence, there
being in said house four men and a lad, the Indians
came rushing upon them, and shot White at the
door, just stepping out to see what the noise meant.
Our people then pulled in White and shut the door;
but observing, through a window, the Indians setting
fire to the house, they attempted to force their way
out at the door; but the first that stept out being
shot down, they drew him in and again shut the
door ; after which one, attempting an escape out of a
window on the loft, was shot through the head, and
the lad wounded in the arm. The only one now re-
maining, William Riddle, broke a hole through the
roof of the house, and an Indian, who saw him look-
ing out, alleged he was about to fire on him, with-
drew, which afforded Riddle an opportunity to make
his escape. The house, with the other four in it, was
burned down, as one McMachen informs, who was
coming to it, not suspecting Indians, and was by
them fired at and shot through the shoulder, but
made his escape. The same day, about dinner-time,
at about a mile and a half from said White's, at the
house of Robert Campbell, six men being in the
house, as they were dining, three Indians rushed in
at the door, and, after firing among them and wound-
ing some, they tomahawked, in an instant, one of the
men ; whereupon one George Dodds, one of the com-
pany, sprang back into the room, took down a rifle,
shot an Indian through the body, who was presenting
his piece to shoot him. The Indian, being mortally
wounded, staggered, and, letting his gun fall, was
carried off by three more. Dodds, with one or two
more, getting upon the loft, broke the roof in order
to escape, and, looking out, saw one of the company,
Stephen Jeffries, running, but very slowly, by reason
of a wound in the breast, and an Indian pursuing ;
and it is thought he could not escape, nor have we
heard of him since ; so that it is past dispute he also
is murdered. The first that attempted getting out of
the loft was fired at, and drew back ; another, at-
tempting, was shot dead, and of the six, Dodds was
the only one made his escape. The same day, about
dusk, about six or seven miles up Tuscarora, and
about twenty-eight or thirty miles hence, they mur-
dered one William Anderson, together with a boy
and girl all in one house. At White's were seen at
least five, some say eight or ten Indians, and at
Campbell's about same number. On Monday, the
11th, a party of about twenty-four went over from
the upper part of Shearman's Valley to see how mat-
ters were. Aiiother party of twelve or thirteen went
over from the upper part of said valley; and Colonel
John Armstrong, with Thomas Wilson, Esq., and a
party of between thirty and forty fiom this town, to
reconnoitre and assist in bringing the dead.
"Of the first and third parties we have heard noth-
ing yet ; but of the party of twelve, six are come in
and inform that they have parsed through the several
places in Tuscarora, and saw the houses in flames or
burnt entirely down ; that the grain that had been
reaped the Indians burnt in shocks, and had set the
fences on fire where the grain was unreaped ; that
the hogs had fallen upon and mangled several of the
dead bodies ; that the said company of twelve, sus-
pecting danger, durst not stay to bury the dead ; that
after they had returned over the Tuscarora moun-
tain, about one or two miles on this side of it, and
about eighteen or twenty from hence, they were tired
on by a large party of Indians, supposed about thirty,
and were obliged to fly; that two, viz., William Rob-
inson and John Graham, are certainly killed, and
four more are missing, who, it is thought, have fallen
into the hands of the enemy, as they appeared slow
in flight, mo?t probably wounded, and the savages
pursued with violence. What farther mischief has
been done we have not heard, but expect every day
and hour some more messages of melancholy news.
" In hearing of the above defeat, we sent out an-
other party of thirty or upwards, commanded by our
high sheriff, Mr. Dunning, and Mr. William Lyon, to
go in quest of the enemy, or fall in with and rein-
INDIAN MASSACRES.
77
force our other parties. There are also a number
gone out from about three miles below this, so that
we now have over the hills upwards of eighty or
ninety volunteers scouring the woods. The inhabit-
ants of Shearman's Valley, Tuscarora, etc., are all
come over, and the jjeople of this valley, near the
mountain, are beginning to move in, so that in a few
days there will be scarcely a house inhabited north
of Carlisle. Many of our people are greatly dis-
tressed, through want of arms and ammunition; and
numbers of those, beat off their places, have hardly
money enough to purchase a pound of powder.
■'Our women and children must move downwards,
if the enemy proceed. To-day a British vengeance
begins to rise in the breasts of our men. One of
them, that fell from among the twelve, as he was just
expiring, said to one of his fellows: ^ Here, take my
gun and kill the first Indian you see, and all shall he
well.' "
"July 13, 17G3.
" Last night Colonel .\rmstrong returned. He left
the jiarty, who pursued further and found several
dead, whom they buried in the best manner they
could, and are now all returned in. From what ap-
pears, the Indians are traveling from one place to
another, along the valley, burning the farms and de-
stroying all the people they meet with. This day
gives an account of six more being killed in the val-
ley, so that, since last Sunday morning to this day,
twelve o'clock, we have a pretty authentic account of
the number slain, being twenty-five, and four or five
wounded. The Colonel, Mr. Wilson and Mr. Alricks
are now on the parade, endeavoring to raise another
party to go out and succor the Sheriff and his party,
consisting of fifty men, which marched yesterday,
and I hope they will be able to send otl" immediately
twenty good men. The people here, I assure you,
want nothing but a good leader and a little encour-
agement to make a very good defence.
"Our advices from Carlisle [says the editor of the
Pennsylvania Gazette of .July 28th] are as follows, viz. :
That the party under the Sheriff, Mr. Dunning, men-
tioned in our last, fell in with the enemy at the
house of one Alexander Logan, in Shearman's Val-
ley, supposed to be about fifteen, or upwards, who
had murdered the said Logan, his son and another man
about two miles from said house, and mortally wounded
a fourth, who is since dead, and that, at the time of
their being discovered, they were rifling the house
and shooting down the cattle, and, it is thought,
about to return home with the spoil they had got.
" That our men, on seeing them, immediately
spread themselves from right to left, with a design to
surround them, and engaged the savages with great
courage, but, from their eagerness, rather too soon, as
some of the party had not got up when the skirmish
began; that the enemy returned our first fire very
briskly, but our people, regardless of that, rushed
upon them, when they tied and were pursued a con-
siderable way, till thickets secured their escape, four
or five of them, it was thought, being mortally
wounded ; that our parties had brought in with them
what cattle they could collect, but that great num-
bers were killed by the Indians, and many of the
horses that were in the valleys carried off; that on
the 21st lust, (ihe morning) news was bnmght of
three Indians being seen about ten o'clock in the
morning ; one Pummeroy and his wife and the wife of
one Johnson were surprised in a house between Ship-
pensburg and the North Mountain, and left there for
dead, but that one of the women, when found, showed
some signs Of life, was brought to Shippensburg,
where she lived some hours in a most miserable con-
dition, being scalped, one of her arms broken and her
skull fractured with the stroke of a tomahawk ; and
that, since the 10th inst, there was an account of
fifty-four persons being killed by the enemy.
" That the Indians had set fire to houses, barns,
corn, wheat and rye, hay, — in short, to everything com-
bustible,— so that the whole country seemed to be one
blaze; that the miseries and distresses of the poor
people were really shocking to humanity and beyond
the power of language to describe ; that Carlisle was
become the barrier, not a single inhabitant being be-
yond it ; that every stable and hovel in the town was
crowded with miserable refugees, who were reduced
to a state of beggary and despair, their houses, cattle
and harvest destroyed, and, from a plentiful, inde-
pendent people, they were become real objects of
charity and commiseration ; that it was most dismal
to see the streets filled with people, in whose coun-
tenances might be discovered a mixtureof grief, mad-
ness and despair, and to hear now and then the sigh>
and groans of men, the disconsolate lamentations of
women and the screams of children, who had lost
their nearest and dearest relatives ; and that, on both
sides of the Susquehanna, for some miles, the woods
were filled with poor families and their cattle, who
made fires and lived like savages, exposed to the in-
clemencies of the weather."
" Carllsle, July 30, 1763.
" On the 25th a considerable number of the inhab-
itants of Sherman's Valley went over, with a party of
soldiers to guard them, to attempt saving as much of
their grain as might be standing, and it is hoped a
considerable quantity will be preserved. A party of
volunteers (between twenty and thirty) went to the
larther side of the valley, next to the Tuscarora
Mountain, to see what appearance there might be of
the Indians, as it was thought they would most prob-
ably be there, if anywhere in the settlement; to
search for, and bury the dead at Buffalo Creek, and
to assist the inhabitants that lived along the foot of
the mountain, in bringing oft" what they could, which
services they accordingly performed, burying the re-
mains of three persons, but saw no marks of Indions
having lately been there, excepting one track, sup-
7S
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
posed about two or three days old, near the narrows
of Buffalo creek hill, and heard some hallooing and
firing of a gun at another place. A number of the in-
habitants of Tuscarora Valley go over the mountain
to-morrow, with a party of soldiers, to endeavor to
save part of the crops. Five Indians were seen last
Sunday, about sixteen or seventeen miles from Car-
lisle, up the valley, towards the North mountain, and
two the day before yesterday, above five or six miles
from Shippensburg, who fired at a young man and
missed him.
" On the 25th July there were in Shippensburg
1384 of our poor, distressed, back inhabitants, viz.:
men, 301 ; women, 345 ; children, 738 ; many of whom
were obliged to lie in barns, stables, cellars, and
under old, leaky sheds, the dwelling-houses being all
crowded.
" In a letter dated Carlisle, 13th August, 1763, it is
said that some Indians have lately been seen in
Shearman's Valley, and that on the 11th the tracts
of a party were found there, supposed to consist of
eight or ten, coming through (Shearman's Valley to-
wards Carlisle, about twelve miles upward. In
another letter, dated August 17th, mention is made
that one John Martin, in the Great Cove, seeing an
Indian coming up to a house where he was, fired at
him, upon which the Indian raised a yell and took a
tree ; that Martin, imagining there might be more In-
dians near him, ran to a company at work and told
what had happened, when they went to the place,
found some blood and excrements, from which they
concluded he was shot through the bowels.
" They followed his track down to a bottom, where
they saw the tracks of six or seven more, but, being a
small party, pursued no farther. In the same letter,
it is also said that a young man, at a plantation about
nine miles from Carlisle, near the foot of the moun-
tain, saw an Indian and fired at him at about fifty
yards' distance, but was not sure that he hit him. The
Indian took a tree and the lad went back a little
way, in order to load again, but on his return could
not see the Indian. He then alarmed the neighbor-
hood, and, the soldiers being all out in parties cover-
ing the people gathering in grain, upwards of twenty
young men turned out immediately, from Carlisle, to
scour the woods."
The condition of the people throughout tiiis
region at the close of 1763 is described by
Colonel Armstrong, then in command of the
forces west of the Blue Ridge, in a letter to
Governor Penn, dated in December, 1763 :
" The people drove off by the enemy from the
north side of the mountains forms the Frontier, as they
are mixed with the settlers on the south side, where,
of course, the motions of the Ranging Party are re-
quired. At the same time, those who have been
driven from their habitations have some part of their
Effects yet behind and their Crops stacked in the
fields in the different Valleys at a considerable
distance beyond the Mountains.
"To these distressed People we must afford cover-
ing Parties as often as they request them, or will con-
vene in small bodies to thrash out their Grain and
carry it over to their families for their supplies. The
last mentioned Service, necessary as it is, greatly ob-
structs the uniform course of patrolling behind the
Inhabitants, that otherwise might be performed."
The terror created in 1763 did not subside
sufficiently to admit of the resumption of
peaceful avocations in any marked degree
until 1765. Colonel Henry Bouquet's victory
in Ohio, in 1764, in a measure, cowed the
Indians, and they were obliged to be peace-
able. The settlers gradually returned, and
by 1767 all of the best locations were taken
up by "squatters." In 1768 the "new pur-
chase " (presently to be fully treated) was made,
and, in 1769, the Land-Office having been
opened, the " squatters " took up lands by war-
rant.
From this time on there were no Indian
massacres until about 1778, and these were
principally confined to the valley of the West
Branch.' The murder of a number of Indians
— White Mingo and others, — by Frederick
Stump occurred in 1768, but is not germane to
the present subject.^ A general alarm was
caused and a wild fright — " The Great Run-
away " — ensued in 1778, but this and the nu-
merous Indian outrages of 1781 and 1782 are
related elsewhere.'
The " New Pubcha.se," heretofore alluded
to, and containing a portion of the territory
which is the especial province of this volume,
was made by treaty with the sachems of the
Six Nations, and the representative of Thomas
and Richard Penn, at Fort Stanwix (now
Rome, N. Y.) November 5, 1768.
It included an immense belt of territory,
1 They are treated of in the history of the townships of
Union and Snyder Counties.
'A full account of Stump's murders is given in Penn
townsliip of Snyder County.
*The panic of tlie settlers in 1778 is introduced in the
chapter upon the Revolution and of the local atrocities of
marauding bands of savages ; accounts will be found in
the various township cliapters.
THE "NEW PURCHASE.'
79
northwest of the lands procured by the pur-
chase of 1749, and extending entirely across
the province from the Delaware River, in the
northeastern corner, to the southwest corner.
Of the territory treated in this work, it in-
cluded the northeast corner of Snyder and all
of ITuion, except a small southwest corner, to-
gether with the whole of Green, Washiugton,
Fayette, Westmoreland, Somerset, Cambria,
Montour, Wayne, Sullivan, Susquehanna and
Wyoming, and parts of Lackawanna, Luzerne,
Columbia, Northumberland, Bradford, Lyco-
ming, Cliuton, Centre, Clearfield, Indiana,
Armstrong, Allegheny and Beaver.
Its territory was thus described in the original
treaty document :
" All that part of the Province of Pennsylvania not
heretofore purchased of the Indians, within the said
general boundary line, and beginning in the said
Boundary line on the east side of the east Branch of
the River Susquehanna, at a place called Owegy, and
running with the said boundary Line down the said
Branch, on the east side thereof, till it comes opposite
the mouth of a Creek called by the Indians Awandac
(Tawandee) and across the River, and up the said
Creek on the South side thereof and along the range
of hills called Burnett's Hills by the English and by
the Indians ' — on the north side of them, to the head
of a creek which runs into the West Branch of the
Susquehanna ; then crossing the said River and run-
ning up the same on the South side thereof, the several
courses thereof, to the forks of the same River which
lies nearest to a place on the River Ohio,- called
Kittanning, and from the said fork, by a straight line
to Kittanning aforesaid, and theu down the Said Ohio
by the several courses thereof, to where the western
Bounds of the said Province of Pennsylvania crosses
the same river, and then with the same western
Bounds to the South boundary thereof, and with the
South boundary aforesaid to the east side of the Alle-
gheny hills, on the east side of them to the west line
of a tract of Land purchased by the Said Proprietors
from the Six Nations, and confirmed October 23d,
1 At a subsequent treaty at Fort Stanwix (October, 1784),
the Pennsylvania Commissioners inquired of tlie Indians
what was their name for the range called by the Eng-
lish " Burnett's Hills," to which they replied that they
knew them by no other name than the " Long Mountains."
.\s to the creek called by them " Tiadaghton " they ex-
plained thai it was the same known by the whites as Pine
Creek which flows into the West Branch of the Susquehanna
from the northward.
2 Meaning the Allegheny, to which the Indians always
gave the name Ohio.
1758, and then with the Northern bounds of that
Tract to the River Susquehanna and crossing the
River Susquehanna to the northern Boundary line
of another tract of Land purchased of the Indians by
Deed (August 22, 1749), and then with that northern
Line, to the River Delaware at the north side of the
mouth of a creek called Lechawachsein, then of the
Said River Delaware on the west side thereof to the
intersection of it by an east line to be drawn from
Owegy aforesaid to the Said River Delaware and then
with that east Line, to the beginning, at Owegy
aforesaid."
This M'as the purchase which, by giving the
basis of just title, upon which the Land Office
could issue warrants, in a large measure, re-
lieved the anxiety of the inhabitants in regard
to Indian incursions, and enabled them to
become actual purchasers by warrant, and
therefore actual settlers instead of unauthorized
invaders. The region thus released from sav-
age ownership soon swarmed with the peojjle of
the supplanting race, and few deeds of violence
afterward occurred, except during the War of
the Revolution, to mar the era of peace thus
begun.
The " new purchase" was made partly upon
the consideration of seciu'ing land to bestow
upon the officers of the First and Second Bat-
talions who had served under Bouquet and
formed an association to ask for such reward.
Tracts of three hundred acres each, upon the
West Branch, M'ere granted in 1769 to a large
number of these officers, who, settling upon
them, formed a strong barrier against Indian
incursions.*
As a pendant to this chapter we are enabled
to publish some extracts from the journal of
Rev. Charles Beatty,* who passed through the
^ See Chapter I. of Union County.
* Charles Beatty was the son of an officer in the British
army, and was born in Ireland about 1715, and emigrated
to America in 1729. He studied theology at the Log Col-
lege, under Wm. Tennent, whom he succeeded as precep-
tor in the Neshaminy in 1743. On December 1st in that
year, he was ordained to the ministry, and spent most of
his life in charge of "ye congregation of Warwick, in ye
forks of Neshaminy." In 1754 he was on a missionary
tour through North Carolina, and was chaplain in several
difl'erent expeditions, and in 1766 was appointed, with Rev.
Geo. Duffield, missionary to the frontier settlements in the
new purchase, and lo the Indians on the Ohio. He diea
when on a visit to West Indies, at the Isle of Barbadoes,
80
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
territory comprising Perry, Juniata and Mifflin
Counties in 1766, and which affords some inter-
esting glimpses of the then condition of the
country.
His little book of one hundred and ten pages
was printed in London in 1768, and is entitled,
" The Journal of a Two-Months' Tour, with
a view of Promoting Religion Among the
Frontier Inhabitants of Pennsylvania, and of
Introducing Christianity Among the Indians
to the Westward of the Alegh-geuy Moun-
tains." The prefatory note is addressed to the
Earl of Dartmouth and other English gentle-
men interested in Rev. Dr. Wheelock's Indian
Charity Schools, and he calls it " a plain, artless
narrative of facts."
" Being appointed by the synod of New York and
Philadelphia to visit the frontier inhabitants, that a
better judgment might be formed what assistance
might be necessary to afford them, in their present
low circumstances, in order to promote the Gospel
among them ; and likewise to visit the Indians, in
case it could be done in safety, to know whether they
were inclined to receive the Gospel ; I accordingly sat
out on myjourney, Tuesday, the 12th of August, 1766,
accompanied with Joseph Peepy, a Christian Indian,
who was to serve as an interpreter ; and, after travel-
ling one hundred and twenty-two miles, we arrived
at Carlisle on Friday, the 15lh instant, where I met
Mr. DufEeld, who was also appointed to accompany
us, and lodged at Col. Armstrong's.
"Carlisle, Saturday, August 16. — Remained here;
as I understood that none of the vacant congrega-
tions had any notice of my design of being with
them on the morrow. 'An opportunity presenting to-
day, we sent notice to several places of our purpose
to preach to the people there next week.
" Carlisle, Vth, Sabbath.— Freached for Mr. Duf-
field in the afternoon.
" l&th, Monday.- — In the forenoon were much en-
gaged, preparing for our journey ; sat out with Mr.
Duffield. After riding .about six miles, we came to
the north mountain, which is high and steep. The
day being very warm, and we obliged to walk, or
rather climb up it, the greatest part of the way, were
greatly fatigued by the time we reached the top, —
After travelling four miles into Sherman's Valley,
we came, in the night, to Tliomas Ross's, where we
lodged.'
August 12, 1772. The Rev. Philip Fithian, who in 1775
traveled through this section, was a son-in-law of Mr.
Beatty.
' After crossing the Blue Mountains from Carlisle, come
18lh August, to Thomas Ross', who was elder in Centre
Church, in what is now Tyrone township, near Landisburg.
" I'dth, Tuesday. — Rode four or five miles to a place
in the woods, designed for building a house for
worship, and preached but to a small auditory ; notice
of our preaching not having been sufficiently spread.
After sermon, I opened to the people present the
principal design of the synod in sending us to them
at this time ; that it was not only to preach the gos-
pel, but also to enquire into their circumstances,
situation, numbers, and ability to support it.^
"The people not being prepared to give us a full
answer, promised to send it to Carlisle before our
return. After sermon we proceeded on our way
about five miles, and lodged at Mr. Fergus's.^ The
house where he lives was attacked by Indians in the
late war, the owner of it killed, and, if I am not
mistaken, some others. While the Indians were
pillaging the house and plantation, in order to carry
oft' what suited them, a number of the countrymen
armed came upon them ; a smart skirmish ensued, in
which the countrymen had the better. The Indians
were obliged to fly, and carried off their wounded,
but left all their booty behind them.
" 20</i, Wednesday. — This morning, after travelling
about seven miles, we crossed the Tuskerora Moun-
tain, which is very high, and in most places very dif-
ficult to pass.* Not far from where we passed to-day,
after crossing the mountain, a block-house, or some
little fortification, was built by a number of the in-
habitants for their protection in time of war. The
Indians, who very probably were watching them, took
the advantage one day, when most of the men were
about their business, and attacked the place, and
killed and captivated all that were in it. So that the
poor men found on their return, to their unspeaka-
ble grief, their wives and children all carried off;
and what still added to their concern, the fears of
their being put to death in the most barbarous man-
ner. In riding three miles on the other side of this
mountain, we came to a house where a number of
people were convened, whom I preached to; they
promised to attend sermon to-morrow and give us an
account of their situation, numbers, etc. The house
I preached at to-day was also attacked by the In-
diana : some were killed in the house and others were
captivated.^ It was truly affecting to see, almost in
» The next day preached where Centre Church now
stands.
' Mr. Fergus lived in what was. in 1 763, the house of
Alex. Logan, now Geo. McMill.an, in Madison township,
near Sandy Hill Post-Office.
• From Fergus' he traveled along the south foot of Cono-
cocheague Hill, crossing it by the r.avine north of Ander-
sonburg, calling it the Tuscarora Mountain. In passing
down the north .side he came by what is now Mohler's tan-
nery, crossing Liberty Valley and the end of the other
Tuscarora Mountain by Bighani's Gap.
5 Three miles from the foot of the high mountain became
to the place where he preached, believed to be near where
THE "NEW PUKCHASE;
81
every place on the frontiers, marks of the ravages of
the cruel and barbarous enemy. Houses and fences
burned, household furniture destroyed, the cattle
killed, and horses either killed or carried off, and to
hear the people relate the horrid scenes that were
acted. Some had their parents killed and scalped in
a barbarous manner before their eyes and themselves
captivated. Women saw their husbands killed and
scalped, while they themselves were led away by the
bloody hands of the murderers. Others related that
they saw the cruel scene and that they themselves
narrowly escaped. After sermon we rode to Mr.
William Graham's, about three miles from hence, and
lodged at his house.'
" 21sC, Thursday. — After riding about two miles and
a half, we came to a place where the people had begun
to build a house for worship, before the late war, but
by accident had been burned.'- Here Mr. Duffield
preached to a number of people convened, who, after
sermon, informed us that this valley of Tuskerora is
about thirty-two miles in length, between six and
seven miles broad in the middle, and about ten miles
wide at the lower end next to Juniata River.
" There are about eighty-four families living in this
valley who propose to build two houses for worship ;
one about fourteen miles from the upper end of the
valley and the other ten miles below it, towards Ju-
niata River. As their circumstances, at present, are
such that they cannot support the gospel, they _j>ur-
pose tojoin with the people settled upon the other
side of Juniata ; but hope, in a few years, to be able
to support a minister in the valley. We must say,
u[)on the whole, that they appear very desirous to
have the gospel settled among them, and are willing
to exert themselves to the utmost for that purpose,
and as soon as it shall be in their power, they design
to purchase a plantation for a parsonage. After ser-
mon we rode eight miles to Capt. Patterson's, where
we were kindly received.^ Here we met with one
Levi Hicks, who had been captive with the Indians
from his youth, and we being desirous to know their
present situation and circumstances, he gave us the
following relation, that about one hundred miles
westward of Fort Pitt was an Indian town, called
Tuskalawas, and at some considerable distance from
the Rev. Christian Myers now resides. This route over
the mountain was by what is known as the Traders' road.
The reader is referred to the article on Bighani's Fort as to
the persons killed at the house where he preached.
' The house of William Graham is in Spruce Hill towu-
ship, near Graham's old mill, now owned by Benjamin
Hertzler.
2 The location of the house of worship is at the present
Lower Tuscarora Church, at Acadeinia.
^ The Captain Patterson may have been William, the young
captain opposite Mexico, but it is much more probable
Captain James Patterson, his father, who resided in
Mexico.
that was another town named Kighalampegha, where
Natatwhelman, the king of the Delawares, lived, and
from thence, about ten miles or more, was one called
Moghwhiston, i. «., Worm-Town, having about twen-
ty houses ; that seventeen miles thence was another
town, named Ogh-ki-taw-mi-kaw, i. e., White-corn-
Town ; that this was the largest, he supposed, in
these parts ; that about twenty miles farther was a
Shau-wa-nagh Town; that there was another at some
distance called Sugh-cha-ungh, that is, the Salt-lick,
of about twenty houses. In this town, he told us,
there was an Indian that sjjoke to the Indians about
religion ; that forty miles farther was a towli called
Migh-chi-laghpiesta, that is, the Big-lick. He told
us that he thought, from some things he observed
among the Indians, that they would be desirous of
hearing the gospel. This intelligence, with some
other circumstances related to us by an Indian trader,
gave us some encouragement to venture out among
them.
" 22d, Friday. — Preached in the woods, as we have
done mostly hitherto, two miles on the north side
Juniata.* Here the people, some years ago, began
to build a house for worship, but did not finish it, but
expect soon to do it. This congregation extends
about twenty miles along the river, and its breadth
from Juniata to the head of the river called Kocka-
lamis, is about ten miles ; and in this extent there
are but fifty families, who meet together for worship.
They purpose joining Tuskerora settlement, at pres-
ent, till such time as they shall be able to support a
minister themselves, which they expect to do in some
years, if peace continues, and, as soon as they can, to
procure a plantation for a parsonage. In short, these
poor people, as well as those of Tuskerora, before
mentioned, are very desirous of having the Gospel
settled among them, and for that purpose appeared
forward and willing to do everything in their power;
but at present the people here, and in other places
that have suffered so much by the war, have a number
of difficulties to struggle with, as they have to begin
the world anew.
" After sermon we returned to Captain Patterson's,
where Mr. Duffield and I agreed to part for some
days, the better to be able to answer the great design
of our mission, for by these means we should be able
to visit double the places, and preach to double the
people we could have done had we been together.
Accordingly, Mr. Duffield proposed to go to the Path
Valley great and little Coves, and to set out this
evening in his way to the first of these places, where
he intended to preach next Sabbath, and I purposed
to visit the new settlements up the river Juniata.
* The site of this old church is in Walker township, near
the house of David Biven, and in 1768 Captain James Pat-
terson and James Purdy received a tract of glebe land for
the Cedar Spring congregation, au account of which will
be found under head of Mifflintown Borough.
82
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
" 23d, Saturday. — Remained at Captain Patterson's.
" 24th, Sabbath. — Preached near the mouth of Tus-
kerora River (where it empties itself into Juniata) to
a large congregation, collected from ditierent quarters
and from afar. The audience appeared very attentive
and much engaged. I would fain hope some good
impressions were made upon the minds of a number
that attended to-day. In this afternoon, being in the
open air, we were interrupted by a very heavy shower
of rain, attended with a high wind and sharp thunder,
which obliged us to take shelter in a neighboring
house as well as we could. The women, and a great
part of the men crowded into it, and there I fiijished
my discourse.' After sermon I went to a house about
a mile off and baptized a child born last night, and
returned to Captain Patterson's in the evening.
" 2oth, Monday. — Sat out from Captain Patterson's
this morning, as early as we could, on our journey,
accompanied with Joseph, the interpreter, and Levi
Hicks (mentioned before as being many years a pris-
oner among the Indians). I understood he was con-
siderably impressed under the Word yesterday, and
therefore was desirous to hear more sermons. We
traveled up Juniata River eight miles through a bad
road, to a place called the Narrows, where a rocky
mountain bounds so close upon the river as to leave
only a small path along the bank for the most part,
and this, for about ten miles, very uneven : at this
time also greatly incumbered by trees fallen across
it, blown up from the roots, some time ago, by a hard
gale of wind, so that we were obliged to walk some
part of the way, and in some places to go along the
edge of the water. After riding about twenty-one miles
we came to Mr. Thomas Holt's, much fatigued, where
we rested an hour or two, and refreshed ourselves,
and fed our horses.^ Not far from his house stood
Fort Granville, erected there the last war, and gar-
risoned by a small number of provincial troops.
This place was attacked by the savage enemy. Lieu-
tenant Armstl-ong, and the few men under his com-
mand, made a noble defence for some time, till at last
the enemy found means to set the fort on fire, which
was made only of wood. A breach by this means
being made, the commanding officer was killed, and
the remaining troops, with such of the inhabitants
who had fled there for refuge, were either killed or
taken prisoners.
" We proceeded on our journey, the road being now
pretty good, the land we passed over, for the most
part, level, some of it very rich, yet unhabitated.
Night coming on, and it being very dark, we were at a
' This was probably at the house of Eobert Campbell,
•who then lived near the mouth of Licking Creek. It has
been stated tliat tliis Sabbath service was at Thomas Wil-
son's (now Port Royal), but Wilson did not become a resi-
dent on his tract until 1771.
2 Thomas Holt then lived on the land on which Hope
Furnace was afterwards erected.
difficulty to find our way ; and rain coming on at the
same time, added to our distress. We began to con-
clude we must take up our lodging in the woods, but
a kind providence at last brought us to a little house,
where we were received and entertained in the best
manner that was in the people's power.
"26th, Tuesday. — Finding that notice of my
preaching to-day had not been sufficiently spread
through this settlement, the man of the house where
I lodged sent this morning betimes, in order to notify
my preaching to the people that lived at some con-
siderable distance up the river, while I at the same
time crossed the river at a fording-place, to a house,
and from thence sent notice to those living on that
side of the river. By twelve o'clock a considerable
number of people were collected at a place in the
woods, where a mill was building, near to which a
house for worship is intended to be built, as being
most essential to the inhabitants in those parts. ^
While the people were convening it began to rain,
and the rain continuing, obliged as many as could to
crowd into a small house. While I was preaching,
and the people were very attentive, we were alarmed
by a rattlesnake creeping into the house among the
I^eople, supposed to have got in under the logs of the
house, it being pretty open, but this venomous creat-
ure was, happily, discovered and killed before it did
any damage. Scarcely were the people composed
again before we were alarmed anew by a snake of
another kind, being discovered among the people,
which was also killed without any detriment besides
disturbing us. The providence of God appeared
very remarkable in preserving us from the venom of
the creatures, and more so, as these people were so
crowded together as that it might be a just matter ot
wonder how these creatures could crawl through the
congregation without being some way offended by
them, which always excites them to bite ; however,
the auditors all got composed again and were attentive
the remaining part of the discourse, which was the
first sermon ever preached in these parts. Here I
baptized several children ; and after sermon rode
about four miles and a half with one of the audience
and lodged at his house.
" This settlement, on both sides the river Juniata,
consisting, at present, of about eighty families, ex-
tends from the place called the Narrows, mentioned
before, to where the river Augweek empties itself into
the Juniata. The settlement is about twenty-five
miles in length ; and in the centre, seven miles
broad.
"There is another settlement just began, consisting
s The preaching-place here mentioned is supposed to be
near the old Bratton graveyard, and where, a few years
later, a log church was built. The tradition is still retained
in old families that the Rev. Charles Beatty preached the
first sermon in that neighborhood at this place, and near to
which the Brattons had a saw-mill.
THE KEVOLUTIONARY WAR.
83
at preisent of six or seven families, four miles from
the center of the former, over a mountain called
Kithaquaquilla or Great Valley, extending ahout
thirty miles and five or six wide. As the land here is
very good, a greater number of people is expected to
settle there in the spring. Both those places propose
jiiluing in order to make one congregation. They
are desirous of having a minister settled among
them as soon as may be, and appear to be willing to
do as much towards his support as their present low
circumstances will admit.
" 27(h, Wednesday. — I baptized a child this
morning, brought to my lodging, and then sat out in
company with several people. I rode about eight
miles and preached to a small auditory convened for
that purpose, who appeared attentive. 1 baptized
several children, and lodged near the place, at Mr.
John M'Michael's.' Here, and in many other places
on the river, is very rich land, usually distinguished
by the name of Bottom-Land, excellent for hemp
and Indian corn ; but it is so rich that it must be culti-
vated some years, and sowed or planted with other
grain or hemp, before it will produce good wheat. It
abounds with fiue black walnut timber, and the
people settled on this river, have an advantage above
many others on the frontiers ; and that is of carrying
down the river when the water rises but a little with
the rains, their produce, and floating down walnut
boards to Harris's or Wright's ferry, on Susquehannah
river, the former within thirty-five and the latter
about eight miles olf Lanca.ster town, (which is forty-
five miles from Philadeli)hia), where they have a
market for their produce; so that probably they will
be able in some years, if peace continues, to support
a minister among them.
" 2Sth, Thursday. — Rained last night and this
morning till 9 o'clock, when we sat out for Fort
Littleton, crossing Juniata at the mouth of Aughweek
river, and being conducted by the men in whose house
we lodged about twelve or fourteen miles along a
small path which led up the river Aughweek, cross-
ing the bondings of it a number of times (the laud
chiefly level and some very rich near the river) ; we
passed by an old Indian town, now deserted, where
Fort Shirley was built in the late war. Hitherto we
saw but two or three houses. We halted a little while
on a natural meadow, situated on a bend of the river
Aughweek, to let our hor.ses feed. After travelling
about thirty miles to-day, we arrived, a little before
night, at Fort Littleton and put up at Mr. Bird's, a
public-house."
Beatty'.s coui'se from Fort LittletoD, where
he was rejoined by the Rev. Mr. Duffiekl, was
through Path Valley and on to Fort Pitt,
where he arrived Friday, September 5th.
'The name John McMichael is a typographical error,
as .John Carmichael then lived in what is now Wayne town-
ship, Mifflin County, and was connected later with the Pres-
byterian congregation.
CHAPTEE IV.
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
Troops Forwarded to the Continental Army — The Militia —
Indian Incursions and other Local Affairs of the Period
— Tories.
The Revolutionary "War, through the
difFereut stages of its progress, from its com-
mencement until the final establishment of
peace and independence, occiu-red and covered a
period in the annals of the Susquehanna and
Juniata Val'eys, M'hen that great region (more
particularly the part of it which is the special
subject of this history) had been devastated
again and again by savage incursions and mas-
sacres, so frequently, and with such terrorizing
effect, that the few adventurous pioneers who
had attempted the making of homes within the
territory from 1750 to 1763, inclusive, had
been forced to abandon their possessions, and
fly eastward and southward, across the river
and the mountains, leaving the country desolate
and depopulated ; and those of the bolder ones
who, years afterwards, had again ventured back
to the western side of the Susquehanna, during
the brief time that had intervened between the
close of active Indian hostilities and the open-
ing of the great conflict for national freedom,
were too few and too poor to be expected to
give material assistance in any other struggle
than the one in which they wei>e already en-
gaged, and from which there was no discharge
— the ceaseless fight to procure bread for their
wives and children, and to guard their cabin-
doors from the assaults of the gaunt wolf of
hunger.
The result was such as was inevitable within
a territory in which a few of the oldest settle-
ments were only ten years old (1765 being the
earliest return of any M'ho had fled before the
Pontiac alarm), and the greater part of them of
much more recent date ; there could be no gen-
eral enlistment of men to form regiments or
companies to serve in the righteous cause, and
althouo;]! at the first alarm and call to arms the
84
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
pioneers of this territory came forward at least
as readily and with as much of ardor as those
of any other part or region of the province, to
enroll themselves among the fighting men and
patriots of Pennsylvania, the drain on the sparse,
able-bodied population could not afterwards be
sustained, and few soldiers went from this re-
gion to fill the Continental army; for all, and
more than all, were needed at home, to care for
the helpless ones, and once more to become
guards against the savage atrocities which
reached their climax in the fourth year of the
war, and which continued until its close to de-
mand the constant services and vigilance of
every man capable of bearing arms, from the
West Branch southward to the Blue Mountain
range. At the time of the great struggle for
independence there was no Mifflin, Union,
Perry, Juniata or Snyder County ; all the terri-
tory now embraced in those counties forming
only the outlying, wilderness fiortions of the
counties of Cumberland and Northumberland,
at whose county-seats, the people of the south-
ern and northern jjortious of this territory, re-
spectively, met for the holding of their courts
and the transaction of all public business, in-
cluding that most intensely exciting part which
related to events of continual occurrence, that
were each day bringing the people and the
province face to face with the dread i-ealities of
actual war.
The oppressions and exactions of the mother-
country were becoming more and more odious
to the j)eople, and were acting as educators to
prepare the colonists for the impending contest,
which, under Providence, was to result in their
emancipation from foreign rule. Among the
first of the measures taken in Pennsylvania to
organize an opposition to the encroachments of
the ministry on the people's liberties was the
formation of a central Committee of Correspond-
ence and Safety in Philadelphia, and of branch
committees in most, if not all, of the several
counties. The central committee assumed a gene-
ral oversight of affairs through the province, and
placed themselves in correspondence with the
leading patriots of the different sections for that
purpose. Such a communication, sent at a very
early period (while the peaceable relations be-
tween the two countries were yet unbroken) by
the committee to leading men of Northumber-
land County, explains the object had in view,
and may be said to have marked the commence-
ment of Revolutionary measures. The docu-
ment, the original of which was found among
the papers of Captain John Lowdon, one of the
most prominent and patriotic of the Revolution-
ary officers of this region, was as follows :
" Philadelphia, June 28, 1774.
"To William Maclay, William Plunket and Samuel
JBunier, Esquires, Northvmberland ;
"Gentlemen: -The committee of correspondence
for this city beg leave to enclose you printed copies of
the resolves passed by a very large and respectable
meeting of the freeholders and freemen, in the State
House square, on Saturday, the ISth instant ; and by
the fourth of these resolves, you will observe that it
was left for the committee to determine on the most
proper mode of collecting the sense of this Province
in the present critical situation of our affairs, and ap-
pointing Deputies to attend the proposed Congress.
In pursuance of this trust, we have, upon the maturest
deliberation, determined upon the mode contained in
the following propositions, which we hope may meet
with the approbation and concurrence of your respect-
able county, viz.:
■" 1st. That the Speaker of the House of Represen-
tatives be desired to write to the several members of
Assembly, requesting them to meet in this city as
soon as possible, but not later than the 1st of August
next, to take into consideration our very alarming
situation.
" 2d. That letters be written to proper persons in
each county, recommending it to them to get commit-
tees appointed for their respective counties, and that
the said committees, or such number of them as may
be thought proper, may meet at Philadelphia at the
time the Representatives are convened, in order to
consult and advise on the most expedient mode of
appointing Deputies to the General Congress, and to
give their weight to such as may be appointed.
"The Speaker of the Assembly, in a very obliging
and ready manner, has agreed to comply with the re-
quest in the former of these propositions ; but we are
now informed that, on account of the Indian disturb-
ances, the Governor has found it necessary to call the
Assembly to meet in their legislative capacity on
Monday, July 18, being about the same time the
Speaker would probably have invited them to a con-
ference or convention in their private capacity.
" What we have, therefore, to request, is that if you
approve of the mode expressed in the second propo-
sition, the whole or a part of the committee appointed
or to be appointed from your county, will meet the
committees from the other counties at Philadelphia
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
85
on Friday, the 15th day of July, in order to assist in
framing instructions and preparing such matters as may
be proper to recommend to our representatives at
their meeting the Monday following.
" We would not ofl'er .such an affront to tlie well-
known ])ublic spirit of Pennsylvania as to question
your zeal on the present occasion. Our very exist-
ence in the rank of freemen, and the security ol all
that ought to be dear to us, evidently depend upon
our conducting this great cause to its proper issue
with firmness, wisdom and unanimity. We cannot,
therefore, doubt your ready concurrence in every
measure that may be conducive to the public good :
and it is with pleasure that we can assure you that all
the Colonies, from South Carolina to New Hampshire,
seem animated with one spirit in the common cause,
and consider this as the proper crisis for having our
difference with the mother-country brought to some
certain issue, and our liberties fixed upon a perma-
nent foundation. This desirable end can only be ac-
complished by a free communion of sentiments and a
sincere, fervent regard to the interests of our common
country.
" We beg to be favored with an answer to this, and
whether the committee from your county can attend
at Philadelphia at the time proposed.
"Thomas Willing, Chairman."
On the back of this ancient and interesting doc-
ument wa.>< the following indorsement (said to be
in the handwriting of Joseph Green), wliicli
shows the public action taken, viz.:
"At a meeting of a number of the principal inhabit-
ants of the township of Buffalo, at Loudowick Derr's,'
of Saturday, the ninth of July, John Loudon, Esquire,
and Samuel Maclay were chosen as committee-men to
meet the other committee-men from the other town-
ships, on Monday, the 11th instant, at Richard Maloue's,
in order to choose proper persons out of the township
committees to go to Philadelphia to the general meet-
ing of the committees chosen by the respective coun-
ties of this Province; and likewise to fix upon some
proper way and means to correspond with the other
committees of this Province.
" By order of the meeting.
"Joseph Green, Clarh."
The committees' meeting was duly held at
Ricliard Malone's on the 11th, on which oc-
casion William Scull and Samuel Hunter were
chosen to represent Northumberland County in
the proposed congress of deputies.
For tiie county of Cumberland, to which a
similar notification and request had been sent
by the Philadelphia committee, deputies were
' Now Lewisburgh.
also regularly chosen, — the sparse population
of the Juniata region and of the western side of
the Susquehanna Valley above the Blue Moun-
tain taking the journey to their more distant
county-seat of Carlisle.
The state of feeling in that region was indi-
cated at a meeting of the freeholders and free-
men, held at Carlisle the 12th of July, 1774,
John Montgomery in the chair, at which the
following resolutions were adopted, and deputies
elected :
" 1. Resolved, That the late Act of the Parliament
of Great Britain, by which the port of Boston is shut
up, is oppressive to that town, and subversive of the
rights and liberties of the Colony of Massachusetts
Bay ; that the principle upon which that Act is founded
is not more subversive of the rights and liberties of
that Colony than it is of all other British Colonies in
North America, and therefore the inhabitants of
Boston are suftering in the common cause of all these
Colonies.
" 2. That every vigorous and prudent measure
ought sjjeedily and unanimously to be adopted by
these Colonies for obtaining redress of the grievances
under which the inhabitants of Boston are now labor-
ing, and security from grievance of the same or a
still more severe nature under which they and the
other inhabitants of the Colonies may, by a further
operation of the same principle, hereafter labor.
" 3. That a Congress of Deputies from all the
Colonies will be one proper method for obtaining
these purposes.
"4. That the same purposes will, in the opinion
of this meeting, be promoted by an agreement of all
the Colonies not to import any merchandize from, nor
export any merchandize to. Great Britain, Ireland, or
the British West Indies, nor to use any such merchan-
dize so imported, nor tea imported from any place
whatever, till these purposes be obtained ; but that the
inhabitants of this county will join any restriction of
that agreement which the General Congress may
think it neces-ary for the Colonies to confine them-
selves to.
"5. That the inhabitants of this county will con-
tribute to the relief of their sufl'ering brethren in
Boston at anytime when they shall receive intimation
that such relief will be most seasonable.
"6. That a committee be immediately appointed
for this county, to correspond with the committee of
this Province, or of the other provinces, upon the
great objects of the public attention; and to co-operate
in every measure conducing to the general welfare of
British America.
"7. That the committee consist of the following
persons, viz.: James Wilson, John Armstrong, Wil-
liam Irvine, Robert Callendar, William Thompson,
86
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
John Calhoon, Jonathan Hoge, Eobert Magaw, Eph-
raim Blane, John Allison, John Harris and Robert
Miller, or any five of them.
"8. That James Wilson, Robert Magaw and Wil-
liam Irvine be the Deputies appointed to meet the
Deputies from other counties of this province, at
Philadelphia, on Friday next, in order to concert
measures preparatory to the General Congress.
"John Montgomery,
"Chairman."
The meeting of deputies cliosen by the
several counties, as recommended by the central
committee, convened in Philadelphia, at Car-
penter's Hall, on Friday, July 15, 177 i.
Thomas Willing was made chairman, and
Charles Thompson secretary, and among the
resolutions passed were the following :
"U'. 1. That we acknowledge ourselves and the
inhabitants of this Province liege subjects of His
Majesty King George III., to whom they and we owe
and will bear true and faithful allegiance.
" U. 2. That as the idea of an unconstitutional
independence of the parent state is utterly abhorrent
to our principles, we view the unhappy differences
between Great Britain and the Colonies with the
deepest distress and anxiety of mind, as fruitle.ss to
her, grievous to us and destructive to tlie best inter-
ests of both.
" U. 3. That it is, therefore, our ardent desire that
our ancient harmony with the mother-country should
be restored, and a perpetual love and union subsist
between us, on the principles of the constitution and
an interchange of good offices, without the least
infraction of our mutual rights.
" U. 4. That the inhabitants of these Colonies are
entitled to the same rights and liberties within these
Colonies that the subjects born in England are en-
titled to within that realm.
"U. 5. That the power assumed by the Parliament
of Great Britain, to bind the people of these Colonies,
' by statutes in all cases whatsoever,' is unconstitu-
tional, and, therefore, the source of these unhappy
differences.
" U. 6. That the act of Parliament for shutting
up the port of Boston is unconstitutional ; oppressive
to the inhabitants of that town ; dangerous to the
liberties of the British Colonies ; and, therefore, that
we consider our brethren at Boston as suffering in the
common cause of these Colonies.
" U. 9. That there is an absolute necessity that
a Congress of deputies from the several colonies be
immediately assembled to consult together and form
a general plan of conduct to be observed by all the
' The letter U tlius placed before a resolution indicates
that it was passed unanimously.
Colonies, for the purpose of procuring relief for our
suffering brethren, obtaining redress of our grievances,
preventing future dissensions, firmly establishing our
rights, and restoring harmony between Great Britain
and her Colonies on a constitutional foundation.
"U. 16. That this committee give instructions on
the present situation of public affairs to their Repre-
sentatives who are to meet next week in Assembly,
and request them to appoint a proper number of
persons to attend a congress of Deputies from the
several Colonies, at such time and place as may be
agreed upon, to affect one general plan of conduct,
for attaining the great and important ends mentioned
in the ninth resolve."
In the Provincial Assembly, June 30th, it
was " Remlved, That this House approves the
Association entered into by the good people of
this colony for the defense of their lives, liber-
ties and property." And by the same body,
on the 2 2d of July, on receipt of a report of
the proceedings of the deputies, it was " Re-
solved, that there is an absolute necessity that
a Congress of Deputies from the several
Colonies be held as soon as conveniently may
be, to consult upon the unhappy state of the
Colonies, and to form a plan for the purpose of
obtaining redress of American grievances, &c.,
and for establishing that union and harmony
between Great Britain and the Colonies which
is indispensably necessary to the welfare and
happiness of both." The first-mentioned of
these resolutions had reference to the fact that
a Committee of Safety, consisting of twenty-
five citizens, was appointed and authorized to
call into actual service such number of the
associators as they might judge proper. Organ-
izations of " associators " were found in most, if
not all, the counties. The committee organized
July 3d by the choice of Benjamin Franklin,
president. Congress, July 18th, recommended
that all able-bodied, effective men between six-
teen and fifty years of age should immediately
form themselves into companies of- militia, to
consist of one captain, two lieutenants, one
ensign, four sergeants, four corporals, one clerk,
one drummer, one fifer and about sixty-eight
privates ; the companies to be formed into
regiments or battalions, officered with a colonel,
lieutenant-colonel, two majors and an adjutant
or quartermaster ; all officers above the rank
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
87
of captain to be appointed by the provincial
authorities.
The following letter, written for the com-
mittee by Casper Weitzel, of Sunbury, North-
umberland County, a prominent attorney, and
soon afterwards himself the commander of a
company of Northumberland volunteers in the
war for independence, is self-explanatory. It
was addressed " to John Lowden, Esquire, and
Mr. Samnel ^laclay, in Buffalo Valley" (now
Union County), viz. :
"Sunbury, 20lh April, 1775.
" Gextlemex : The time is at hand wlien the
spirit of Americans that love liberty and constitu-
tional principles will be put to the trial. What has
been by them in their ditlerent resolves avowed must,
perhaps, at last be put in execution. The late alarm-
ing news just received from England (which we may
depend upon) informs that the British Parliament
are determined by force to put in execution every of
their supreme edicts, as they style them, together
with their late oppressive acts, which we have so long,
and with so little or no eftect, hitherto complained
of. We consider it absolutely necessary to have a
general meeting of the whole county, in order to
form some regular plan, in conjunction with our
countrymen, to give every opposition to impending
tyranny and oppression, either by force or other-
wise. The time of meeting, we think, will be best on
the first day of May next, at ten o'clock in the fore-
noon, and the place most convenient, at Vandyke's,
near Beaver run, in Buffalo Valley. We do, there-
fore, earnestly request that you will immediately, on
the receipt hereof, in the most expeditious manner,
notify the inhabitants of your township of this
matter, and insist on their attendance without fail
there on that day. The pLice of meeting is such
where we cannot expect much accommodation. It
will be, therefore, necessary that every man should
provide for himself. We are your humble serv"*.
"Signed by order of the Committee,
" Cas. Weitzel."
In Cumberland County the strongly patriotic
feeling, the righteous resentment of oppression —
indicated in the resolutions passed at Carlisle on
July 12, 1774, and heretofore given, gathered
force as time went on. A letter bearing date
of Carlisle May 6, 1776, says, —
"Yesterday the County Committee met from nine-
teen townships, on the short notice they had. About
three thousand men have already associated. The
arms returned amount to about thirteen hundred.
The committee have v<ited five hundred effective men,
besides commissioned oflScers, to be immediately
drafted, taken into pay, armed and disciplined to
march on the first emergency ; to be paid and sup-
ported, as long as necessary, by a tax on all estates,
real and personal, in the county ; the returns to be
taken by the township committee, and the tax laid
by the commissioners and assessors ; the pay of the
officers and men as usual in times past.
" This morning we met again at eight o'clock.
Among other subjects of inquiry this day, the mode
of drafting, or taking into pay, arming and victual-
ling immediately the men, and the choice of field and
other officers will, among other matters, be the sub-
ject of deliberation. The strength or spirit of this
county, perhaps, may appear small if judged by the
number of men proposed ; but when it is considered
that we arc ready to raise fifteen hundred or two
thousand, should we have support from the Province,
and that, independent, and in uncertain expectation
of support, we have voluntarily drawn upon this county
a debt of about twenty-seven thousand pounds per
annum, I hope we shall not appear contemptible.
We make great improvements in military discipline.
It is yet uncertain who may go." '
On the 14th of June, 1 775, Congress authorized
the raising of six companies of expert riflemen in
Pennsylvania, two in Maryland and two in
Virginia, to join the army near Boston. On
the 22d the " colony of Pennsylvania " was di-
rected to raise two more companies, making
eight in all, which were to be formed into a
battalion. Lancaster County furnished two
companies instead of one, and thus the bat-
talion, which was commanded by Colonel Wil-
liam Thompson, of Carlisle, was swollen to
nine companies, viz. : Captain James Chambers'
comjwny, enlisted in that part of Cumberland
which is now Franklin County ; Captain Rob-
ert Cluggage's company, enlisted chiefly iu
what is now Bedford County; Captain Wil-
liam Hendricks' company, of Cumberland
County ; Captain John Lowdon's company,
enlisted at Northumberland ; Captain Abraham
Smith's company, enlistetl in Northampton
County ; Captain George Nagel's company, en-
listed at Reading, Berks County ; Captain James
Ross' company, enlisted in Lancaster County ;
and Captain Mattiiew Smith's companj', enlisted
iu that part of Lancaster which is now Dauphin
County. This last-named company was one of
those who were selected to accompany Genenil
' American Archives, vol. ii p. 516.
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Benedict Arnold in his toilsome and remarkable
march through the wilderness of Maine to the
stronghold of Quebec, and it did good service
on that disastrous expedition. Its commander,
Captain Matthew Smith, was a Lancaster
County man, but after his service in the army
he removed to what is now Union County, and
remained a citizen there until his death.
The other company which took part in
the Quebec expedition was that of Captain
William Hendricks, of Carlisle, a brave
and gallant officer, who was killed in the as-
sault at the Palace Gate, Quebec, January 1 ,
1776. John McClellau, who was first lieuten-
ant of Hendricks' comjjany, was from what is
now Juniata County.' He died on the march
through the wilderness, November 3, 1775.
He left a daughter, Priscilla, who resided in
Cumberland County in 1787, then aged four-
teen, and his descendants still reside in Juniata
County.
The men of this company were entirel}' of
Cumberland County, and were enlisted in J line,
1775.
This company was composed largely of men
from the region now constituting Mifflin, Ju-
niata and Perry Counties. It left Carlisle on
tlie 15th of July, and arrived in camjJ at Cam-
bridge on the 8th of August, and was assigned
to Colonel William Thompson.
On the 6th of September two companies of
the battalion, under Captain William Heudi'icks
and Captain Matthew Smith, were ordered to
join the detachment '' to go upon command
with Colonel Arnold." These companies led
the advance under Captain Daniel Morgan,
through the wilderness, and participated in the
attack on Quebec on the morning of the 31st of
December, at Palace Gate. In this battle Cap-
tain William Hendricks was killed and the
rest of the command, after desperate fighting,
were forced to surrender, and were paroled on
the 7th of August, 1776, and after being ex-
changed, for the most part re-entered the ser-
vice.
The following is a roster of Captain William
Hendricks' company :
I See " History of Milford Township, .Juniata County."
[Those marked with an asterisk (*) were captured.]
Captain : William Hendricks, June 25, 1775; killed
in action at Quebec, January 1, 1776.
First Lieutenant : John McClellan, died on the
march through the wilderness, November 3, 1775.
Second Lieutenant: Francis Nichols, captured at
Quebec, January 1, 1776 ; returned from captivity
October 10, 1776.
Third Lieutenant: George Francis .
Sergeants : Dr. Thomas Gibson, of Carlisle (died at
Valley Forge in the winter of 1778), Henry Crone,*
Joseph Greer,* William McCoy.'-'
Privates.
Edward Agnew,* George Albright, Thomas Ander-
son,* Philip Boker* (wounded at Quebec), John
Blair,* Alexander Burns,* Peter Burns,* William
Burns,* John Campbell (killed at Quebec), Daniel
Carlisle,* John Corswill * (released April 21, 1777),
Roger Casey,* Joseph Caskey,* John Chambers,*
Thomas Cooke* (afterwards lieutenant of Eighth
Pennsylvania), John Cove,* John Craig (promoted
lieutenant in Second Battalion, Colonel St. Clair),
Matthew dimming,* Arthur Eckles (re-enlisted, re-
sided in Cumberland County in 1809), Peter Frainer,*
Francis Furlow,* William Gommel,* John Gardner,*
Daniel Graham,* James Greer,* Thomas Greer,*
John Hardy,* Elijah Herdy, John Henderson *
(wounded at Quebec), James Hogge* (resided in
Cumberland Couuty in 1794), James Inload,* Dennis
Kelley (killed at Quebec), William Kirkpatrick,*
Richard Lynch,* David Lamb, Thomas Lesley,* John
Lorain, John McChesuey,* Daniel McClellan,*
Richard McClure,* Henry McCormick, Henry Mc-
Ewen, Archibald McFarlane * (made his escape and
enlisted in Captain Doyle's rifle company), Barnabas
McGuire,* John McLin,* John McMurdy (re-en-
listed in Flying Camp, afterwards sergeantin Captain
Patterson's company, Second Pennsylvania), Jacob
Mason,* Philip Maxwell,* George Morrison,* George
Morrow,* Edward Morton, Thomas Murdoch,*
Daniel North,* Daniel O'Hara,* William O'Hara*
(exchanged November 8, 1776), John Ray,* James
Reed,* George Rinehart, Edward Rodden,* William
Shannon,* William Smith,* William Snell,* Robert
Steel* (exchanged January 3, 1777, promoted en-
sign in Fourth Pennsylvania), Hugh Sweeney, Ed-
ward Sweeney, Abraham Swaggerty* (wounded at
Quebec), Matthew Taylor, Henry Turpentine,*
Michael Young,* Thomas Witherof,* Joseph Wright.*
The proportion of men from Cumberland
County in Captain Robert Cluggage's Company,
though nominally from Bedford, was not suf-
ficient to warrant the printing of the roster in
this connection ; especially as it is now impos-
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
89
sible to designate which were from " old Cum-
berland " and which from the part which has
since been taken in the erection of the newer
counties to which this history particularly refers.
The " Northumberland Company " of the
battalion was that commanded by Captain
John Lowdon, wlio was then a resident " on his
farm, called Silver Spring, adjoining the present
town of Mifflinburg, Union County, where he
died in February, 1798, haying served not only
in his military capacity, but as a member of the
vSuprenae Executiye Council of Pennsylyania.
First Lieutenant James Parr [of this company]
was from BufEilo Valley, near New Columbia.
He rose to the rank of major and became noted
throughout the army for daring and intrepidity.
His history subsequent to the Revolution
seems to be altogether lost. He died prior to
1804. James Wilson, second lieutenant, was a
noted surveyor in Northumberland County
prior to the war. William Wilson, third lieu-
tenant, or ensign, served the entire period of the
war. On the 13th of January, 1792, he was
appointed associate judge of Northumberland
County, which office he held until his death, in
1813.' Sergeant David Hammond rose to the
rank of first lieutenant and served throughout
the war. He was severely wounded iu Wayne's
attack on the block-house, at Bergen Point,
near Jersey City, July 21, 1780. He never
recovered from the effects of his wound, which
caused his death April 27, 1801, aged fifty-
five. He is buried in the Chillisquaque grave-
yai'd. He was father of the late General B. H.
Hammond, of Milton, Pa., and grandfather of
Lieutenant Thomas C. Hammond, who fell in
the Mexican War, at San Pasqual, December 6,
1846."-
Captaiu Lowdon's commission, still in exist-
ence, was dated June 25, 1775, and reads as
follows :
'This officer was the one who. at tlie battle of Moa-
mouth. captured the battle-flag of the Royal Grenadiers,
when they were driven back and their leader, General
Monckton, killed, at the Tenuent parsonage, in the after-
noon of June 28, 1778. The color is still in possession of
his descendants, in Bellefonte.
^Penna. .\rch., ^d .Series, vol. x. pf . ■J7--8.
" In Congkess: The Delegates of the United Colo-
nies of NewHampsliire, Massachusetts IJay, Rhode
Island, Connecticut, New York, Xew Jersey, Penn-
sylvania, the counties of Xew Castle, Kent and
Sussex, in Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North
Carolina and South Carolina :
" To John Lowdon, Esquire :
"We, reposing especial trust and confidence ia
your patriotism, valor, conduct and fidelity, do, by
these presents, constitute and appoint you to be captain
of a company of riflemen in the battalion commanded
by Colonel William Thompson, in the army of the
United Colonies, raised for the defense of American
liberty and for repelling any hostile invasion thereof.
You are, therefore, carefully and diligently to dis-
charge the duty of captain by doing and performing
all manner of things thereunto belonging. And we
do strictly charge and require all officers and soldiers
under your command to be obedient to your orders as
captain ; and you are to observe and follow such
orders and directions, from time to time, as you shall
receive from this or a future Congress of the United
Colonies, or committee of Congress for that purpose
appointed, or commander-in-chief for the time being ol
the army of the United Colonies, or any other superior
officer, according to the rules and discipline of war,
in pursuance of the trust reposed in you. This com-
mission to continue in force until revoked by this or a
future Congress.
" By order of Congress.
" JoHX Haxcock, President.
"Attest : Charles Thompson, Seerefary.
"Philadelphia, June 25, 1775."
Captain Lowdon's company was sworn iu at
Northumberland June 29, 1775, only four days
after the date of his commission and probably
before he had received it. Aaron Wright's
journaP says that immediately after that cere-
mony "... we chose our officers and lay
there until the 7th of July, when we got or-
ders to march the next morning. When on
parade our first lieutenant came and told us he
would be glad if we would excuse him from
going, which we refused, but on consideration
we all concluded it was better to consent. . . .
In the evening we cho.'^e a private in his place.
The next morning we marched on board the
boats, Ac. Jidy 13th, reached Reading, where
we got our knapsacks, blankets, &c." They
left Reading on the 20th of July and were at
Bethlehem on the 1st of August ; reached
North River, opposite New Windsor, August
I In Xfu- York Historical Magazine. 186'2.
90
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
20th. On the 24tli marched through Litch-
field, Conn., crossed the Connecticut, near Hart-
ford, on the 2(3th, and reached Dudley, Mass.,
on the 30th of August. On the 31st they
marched to Weston and stayed all night; thence
through Farmiugham and Watertown to Cam-
bridge ; thence to Prospect Hill.'
This movement was made with Colonel
Thomp.son's battalion (the organization of
which has been given). This battalion became
the Second Regiment, and, after the 1st of Jan-
uary, 1776, tlie First Regiment " of the army
of the United Colonies, commanded by His
Excellency Greneral George Washington, Es-
quire, general and commander-in-chief." So
reads a return dated " Headquarters at Cam-
bridge, Aug. 18, 1775," by which it appears that
three field officers, nine captains, twenty-seven
lieutenants, the adjutant, quartermaster, surgeon
and mate, twenty-nine sergeants, thirteen drums
and fifes, and seven hundred and thirteen rank
and file were present and fit for duty.
Colonel Thompson's men are thus described
in Thacher^s Military Journal, —
" Several companies of riflemen have arrived here
from Pennsylvania and Maryland, a distance of from
five hundred to seven hundred miles. They are re-
markably stout and hardy men, many of them ex-
ceeding six feet in height. They are dressed in rifle
shirts and round hats. These men are remarkable
for the accuracy of their aim, striking a mark with
great certainty at two hundred yards' distance. At a
review, a company of them, while on a quick ad-
vance, fired their balls into objects of seven inch di-
ameter, at a distance of two hundred and fifty yards.
They are now stationed on our lines and their shot
have frequently proved fatal to British oflicers and
soldiers."
McCabe, in his sketches of Captain Samuel
Brady, has the following mention of him in an
allusion to a movement made by Lowdon's
company :
" Lowdon's company was ordered to drive the
British from an island, on which they had landed to
forage. Brady was considered too young to go along,
and left behind ; but, to the astonishment of the cap-
tain, he followed after, and was the second man on
the island."
November 9th the British landed at Lech-
■ Pennsylvania Avcliives, Secoml Series, vol. x. p. 27.
mere Point, one and a half miles from Cam-
bridge, under cover of a fire from their bat-
teries on Bunker, Breed and Copp's Hills, as
also from a frigate, which lay three hundred
yards off the point on which they landed. The
high tide prevented our people crossing the
causeway for nearly an horn-, This time they
employed in shooting cows and horses. The
battalion of Colonel Thomjisou took to the wa-
ter, although u]) to their arm-pits, for a quarter
of a mile, and, notwithstanding the regular fire,
reached the island. Although the enemy were
lodged behind stone walls and under cover, on
Colonel Thompson's approach they fled, and,
although the riflemen followed them to their
boats with all speed, they could not bring them
to an engagement. Our loss was one killed and
three wounded ; English loss, seventeen killed
and one wounded."
In " The Letters of Mrs. Adams," wife of
John Adams, page 61, under date 12th Novem-
ber, 1775, is also a notice of this incident, —
" A number of cattle were kept at Lechmere Point,
where two sentinels were placed. In a high tide it is
an island. About four hundred men were sent to
take the cattle off. As soon as they were perceived,
the cannon on Prospect Hill were fired on them and
sunk one of their boats. A Colonel Thompson, of
the riflemen, marched instantly with his men, and,
though a very stormy day, they regarded not the tide,
nor waited for boats, but marched over neck-high
in water, when the regulars ran without waiting to
get off their stock and made the best of their way to
the opposite shore. The general sent his thanks in a
public manner to the brave officer and his men."
In the latter part of August, Captain Low-
don was the recipient of a letter from Robert
Lettis Hooper, Jr., and Reuben Haines, of
Philadelphia, of Mhich the following is the
chief portion (though there are allusions to
other matters, which will be narrated in proper
place) :
" Philadelphia, Augmt 13, 1775.
" De.vr Sir : — We hope this letter will find you
safe at the head of your company, acting in support
and defense of American liberty ; a glorious cause,
which must stimulate the breast of every honest and
virtuous American, and force him, with undaunted
courage and unabated vigor, to oppose those minis-
terial robbers. We hope the contest will be ended
' Philadelphia Eveninff Post, 1775.
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
91
where it began, and that the effusion of blood may be
providentially prevented, but, at the same time, we
hope to see American liberty permanently established,
to have the honor, ere long, to serve in her righteous
cause ; and we are well convinced that these senti-
ments prevail throughout this Province. You can't
conceive what a martial spirit prevails here, and in
what order we are. Two battalions, with the light in-
fantry companies, are very expert in all the manoeu-
vres, and are generally well furnished with arms.
Several companies of riflemen are formed in this city
and the adjacent counties, who are become expert in
shooting ; besides we have sixteen row galleys, with
latteen sails, now building. Some of them are already
rigged and manned. These galleys are rowed with
from twenty-four to thirty oars, and carry each one
gun, from eighteen to thirty-two pounds, besides'
swivel guns, fore and aft. We are told by experienced
men that these galleys will prevent any ship of war
from coming up this river. All the coast to Georgia
is alarmed — prepared to oppose our ministerial ene-
mies. Where, then, can these British bastards, those
servile engines of ministerial power, go to steal a few
sheep. God and nature has prescribed their bounds.
They can't deluge our lands, nor float their wooden
batteries beyond the bounds prescribed, nor dare they
to penetrate so as from afar to view those high-topped
mountains which separate the lower plains from our
Canaan, and from whence, should their folly or mad-
ness prompt them to attempt it, would come forth our
thousands and tens of thousands, with gigantic strides,
to wash the plains with the blood of those degenerate
invaders of the liberties of mankind."
** * * * * **
In the journal of Major Ennoin William are
given the details of a trip to the camp at Cam-
bridge, under date October 17th. He says : —
"Guns of one of our batteries, two miles from Bos-
ton, firing. One bursted, and killed one man and
wounded six. I returned thence to the riflemen's
camp, and stopped with Captain Lowdon overnight.
At daybreak I awoke, and a few minutes after the
morning gun fired. All aroused directly ; the men
repaired with arms and accouterments to the forts
and lines, and in about ten minutes the captains, with
their companies, were in the fort, drawn along the
sides of the fort, and in two or three minutes they
began their firing.
''The captain stepped on the banket or step, inside
at foot of breastwork, and gave the word ' Make
ready ! ' The front rank step on the banket, and
second step forward. 'Present!' He does not give
the word ' Fire ! ' but makes a pause. Then they re-
cover, and face to right about, and march through the
files. At the word ' Make ready ! ' again the next
rank steps on the banket, and so on continually.
Every man is to be sure of his object before he fires,
as he rests his piece on the parapet. In about half
an hour the flag was hoisted. They ceased, and re-
tired by regiments to their quarters, and the orderly
sergeant read the orders of the day and trials by
court-martial, &c."
There are numerous notices of this company
in the Hand papers, in the possession of Mrs. S.
B. Rogers, of Lancaster, the granddaughter of
General Edward Hand, who was lieutenant-
colonel, and afterwards colonel, of the First
Rifle Regiment. On the 24th of October he
says, —
" This morning at dawn Parr, from Northumber-
land, with thirty men from us, marched for Ports-
mouth, New Hampshire, to defend that place."
On the 8th of March,—
" I am stationed on Cobble Hill, with four compa-
nies of our regiment. Two companies, Cluggage's and
Chambers', were ordered to Dorchester on Monday ;
Ross' and Lowdon's relieved them yesterday. Every
regiment is to have a standard and colors. Our stand-
ard is to be a deep green ground, the device a tiger,
partly inclosed by toils, attempting the pass, defended
by .1, hunter, armed with a spear (in white), on crim-
son field. The motto, Domari Nolo.'"-
March, 1776, the comjiany left Cambridge
with the battalion which was detached by Gen-
eral Washington, with five other regiments,
under General Sullivan, to prevent a lauding of
the British at New York, when they evacuated
Boston. Arrived at Hartford on the 21st, and
at New York on the 28th. The company was
stationed on Long Island during May and un-
til June 30th, when it was mu.stered out of ser-
vice, but many of the men enlisted under Cap-
tain James Parr, as wo shall presently show.
Following is the roster of Captain Lowdon's
company :
Captain : John Lowdon.
First Lieutenant : James Parr.
Second Lieutenant : James Wilson.
Third Lieutenant: William Wilson, promoted
second lieutenant January 4, 177G.
Third Lieutenant : John Dougherty, appointed Janu-
ary 4, 1766.
Sergeants : David Hammond, A<lexander McCormick,
William McMurray, Cornelius Dougherty.
'This standnrdis still in possession of Thomas Robinson.
Esq., grandson of Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Robinson, of
the First Pennsylvania, and was on exhibition at the Cen-
tennial, 1876. — John Blair Linn, '''^Annah of the Buffalo
Valley."
92
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Corporals : Thomas Henry, William Edwards, Cor-
nelius Dougherty, John White (died January 8,
1776), James Carson, Charles Cochran.
Drummer: Richard Grosvenor.
Privates: William Adkins; Joseph All, discharged
July 31, 1775 ; John Berniele, afterwards ser-
geant in the German Eegiment; Samuel Brady,
afterwards captain lieutenant Eighth Pennsylva-
nia ; William Briggs ; John Butler, discharged
January 25, 1776; William Calhoun; Eobert
Carothers ; James Carson, advanced to corporal
January 4th ; John Casady ; Samuel Cealy ; David
Clements ; Charles Cochran, advanced to corporal
January 8th, discharged July 1, 1776, living in
Crawford County in 1819 ; Peter Condon ; David
Davis ; John Dean ; John Eicholtz, residing in
Lancaster in 1813 ; John Evans ; Jacob Fink-
boner; Charles Ford; James Garson ; Philip
Ginter; Thomas Gilston ; John Hamilton ; David
Harris ; Michael Hare ; Thomas Hempington ;
Christopher Henning; William Humber; Wil-
liam Jamison ; Samuel Johns ; James John-
ston; Lewis Jones; Thomas Kilday; Nicholas
Kline; John Ladley; Samuel Lowdon ; William
Leek; Eobert Lines; Thomas Lobden; Eeuben
Massaker; Moses Madock; John Malone; Chas.
Maloy ; Alexander McMullen ; Patrick Mc-
Gonigal ; Cornelius McConnell ; Martin McCoy ;
James McCleary; Edward McMasters, resided
in Lycoming County in 1823; William Mor-
gan ; William Murray ; Timothy Murphy ;
John Murphy; John Neely (he was cap-
tured at Fort Freeland, July 28, 1779, and
taken to Canada; Daniel Cakes); John Oliver;
Michael Parker ; Thomas Peltson, re-enlisted in
the First Pennsylvania, and was killed by Joseph
Blackburn in 1777 ; Peter Pence ; John Eay ;
Eobert Rishie; Bartholomew Eoach ; John Rob-
inson ; George Sands ; George Saltzman ; George
Segar ; Henry Silverthorn ; John Shawnee (was
a Shawanese Indian, died at Milesburg — see
Jones' " Juniata Valley," page 352) ; John Smith
(son ot Widow Smith, of White Deer Mills, he
never came back from the army) ; James Speddy
(lived and died at New Berlin) ; Arad Sutton
(lived on Lycoming Creek; the first Methodist
Society in Northern Pennsylvania was formed at
his house in 1791); James Sweeney, discharged
July 20, 1775 ; John Teel ; Eobert Tuft, dis-
charged October 25, 1775 ; Philip Valentine, dis-
charged July 20, 1775; Peter Ward; John
Ward; Charles West, died January 4, 1776;
Joseph Whiteneck ; Aaron Wright, (residing in
Eeading in 1840) ; John Youse; Robert Young,
(died in Walker township. Centre County, in
1824).
Congress resolved to re-enlist Thompson's
battalion, and before General Washinsrtou be-
came aware of the intentions of that body he
wrote to urge such a measure, saying that " as
the loss of such a valuable and brave body of
men " would greatly injure the service, it was
best, if possible, to induce them to remain, and
adding, " They are indeed a very useful corps ;
but I need not mention this, as their importance
is already well known to the Congress."
On the 1st of July the battalion entered
upon another term of service, for three years, or
during the war, as the First Eegiment of the
Pennsylvania Line in the Continental service.
Following is the roll of Caj)tain James Parr's
company (originally Lowdon's), enlisted July
1, 1776:
Captain: James Parr, promoted major October 9,
1778.
First Lieutenant: James Wilson.
Second Lieutenant: William Wilson, promoted cap-
tain March 2, 1777.
Third Lieutenant : John Dougherty.
Sergeants: David Hammond (promoted second lieu-
tenant September 14, 1777 ; first lieutenant, May
12, 1779), Alexander McCormick, William Mc-
Murray, Cornelius Dougherty.
Privates.
David Allen. James Moore.
Michael Bacher. William Moore.
John Bradley. William Morgan,
Daniel Callahan. John Murphy.
Daniel Campbell. Patrick Murray.
Peter Condon. John Noishen.
James Conner. George Norton. •
Mansfield Coons. John Oliver.
David Davis. Thomas Paine.
Eichard Dubois. Thomas Peltson.
Cornelius Delling. Philip Peter.
Patrick Donahue. John Eankin.
William Edwards. John Eay.
John Griffin. William Eyan.
William Haggerty. George Saltman.
John Hammond. Samuel Scott.
Philip Henry. William Scott.
Aquila Hinson. James Sprigg.
John Hutchinson. James Speddy.
Lewis Jones. Thomas Stewart.
William Leech. Maurice Sullivan.
Michael Lough'rey. Alexander Thompson.
James Loughrey. John Toner.
James McCleary. George Warren.
Cornelius McConnell. Jonathan Washburn.
Henry McCormick. Matthew Wilson.
Hugh McCaughey. Samuel Willson.
John Malone. Joseph Whiteneck.
Charles Melov. John Youse.
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
93
Captain Casper Weitzel, a lawyer of Suubury,
appoiuted captain March 9, 1776, raised a com-
pany in and around the place of his residence,
which had a place in the Pennsylvania Rifle
Regiment, commanded by Colonel Samuel Miles,
which was raised in about six weeks, and ren-
dezvoused at Marcus Hook. On the 2d of July
the regiment was ordered up to Philadelphia,
and on the 5th the whole regiment marched to
Trenton, and thence later to Amboy. On the
10th of August, Colonel Miles was ordered over
to New York. The regiment j^articipated in
the battle of Long Island, August 27th, and
Weitzel's comj^any lost twenty officers and
men.
Captain Weitzel, writing to his brother John,
under date of September 6, 1 776, " camp near
King's Bridge, sixteen miles above New York,"
says, —
"... You no doubt before now have heard
of the drubbiugwe Penusylvanians, with the Delaware
and Maryland battalions, got on Long Island on the
27th of August last ; we were prettily taken in. The
General Sullivan who commanded on Long Island is
mueh blamed. I saw nothing of him in the engage-
ment or some days before. The little army we had
on the island, of five thousand men, was surrounded
by fifteen or twenty thousand English and Hessians
when the engagement began ; they gave us a good
deal of trouble, but we fought our way bravely through
them. The number of English and Hessians killed
is surprising great, and of ours very trifling; but
they have taken about seven hundred of our people
prisoners, and amongst them more officers than was
perhaps ever known in the like number of men. My
Lieutenant Gray, Sergeant Gordon, Sergeant Price
and sixteen privates are missing. I know of only one
killed in my company. The poor fellow was wounded
in the thigh and unable to walk ; his name is Speiss.
The d — d savage Hessians and English Light In-
fantry run their bayonets through him and two of
Captain Albright's men, who were also badly wounded
and murdered by them. I have this from one of my
men who was a prisoner and escaped to me, and
imagines the rest are prisoners. James Watt is
among them. I came off with whole bones, contrary
to my expectations."
The regiment af\^erward consolidated with
another; followed the fortunes of the Continental
army ; was engaged in the capture of the Hes-
sians at Trenton, December 26,1776; in the
battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777; lay part
of the winter in Philadelphia, and moved down
to Billingsport in March, 1777.
Following is the muster-roll of Captain
Casper Weitzel's company when at camp near
Kingsbridge, September 1, 1776:
Captain: CaspeY Weitzel, Esq., of Sunbury, appointed
March 9, 1776.
First Lieutenant: William Gray, appointed March
15th I captured August 27th ; exchanged Decem-
ber 8, 1776, for Lieutenant Thompson.
Second Lieutenant : John Robb, appointed March
16, 1776 ; promoted captain April 18, 1777.
Third Lieutenant : George Grant, appointed March
19, 1776 ; captain in the 9th P. C. L, ; died Oc-
tober 10, 1779.
Sergeant-Major: John Gordon.
Sergeants : Jacob Snider, Thomas Price, AVilliam
Orr, Thomas Shanks.
Drummer : John Everard ; September 1st, sick at
New York.
Privates.
William Allison.' Thomas Hissom.
John Arthur. Dennis Huggins.'
John Aumiller. Elijah Hunt.
William Barr. James Irvine.
Peter Brady.' Martin Kerstetter.'
Stout Brinsou. Thomas Little.
John Burke. Charles McCleane.
Samuel Carson. William McCormick.'
William Carson, Jr. John McDonald.
William Carson, Sr. Patrick Mclnnis.
Andrew Carter.' Patrick McManus.
Charles Carter. William McMath.
Robert Caruthers.' Patrick McVey.'
James Chisnell. Joseph Madden.
William Clark. Henry Miller.
James Clayton. Robert Morehead.'
Jeftry Connell. Richard Newman.
John Cribs. Michael Noland.
David Curry. Andrew Ralston.
Peter Davis. James Randolph.
Edward Doran. John Rice.'
David Durell. John Sands.
Stephen Durell. John Shafler.
James Elder. Jacob Spiess.'
Christian Ewig. Samuel Staples.
Henry Gass.' David Turner.
Henry Gerhart. James Watt.'
James Glover. Robert Wilson.
John Hardy. Christian Winters.
William Harper. Silas Wolcot.
Casper Weitzel, Esq., was a lawyer, prac-
ticing at Suubury when the war broke out in
1775, and as secretary of the Countv Com-
' Missing after tlie battle of Long Island, Auaust 27th.
94
JUMIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANL\.
mittee took a very active part in favor of in-
dependence. At the battle of Long Island he
fought through tlie British ranks and made his
way into camp with Lieutenant-Colonel Brod-
head. His rolls, written in his own neat hand,
are in the office of the Secretary of the Com-
monwealth. He died in 1782. He was a
grand-uncle of P. E,. Weitzel, Esq., of Scran-
ton, Pa.
Lieutenant William Gray — afterwards Cap-
tain Gray — died at Sunbur}', July 18, 1804,
aged fifty-four.
Sergeant Price ended his days in a small
log house on Water Street, in Selin's Grove. It
seems he was carried to Halifax, in Nova
Scotia. Made his escape traveling through
the vast forests intervening between that coun-
try and the nearest American settlements. In
a letter to Hon. Samuel Maclay, member of
Congress at Philadelphia, dated Penn's town-
ship, December 4, 1798, written in a very good
hand, he complains that he had been three
times elected colonel, beating Charles Drum
twice and Frederick Evans once, and yet had
not been commissioned ; because, as he says, it
was alleged that he M'as too poor for such a
post. He says, —
" I settled in these parts before the war and have
resided here ever since, except while I was out in the
army. I enlisted in Cajjtain Weitzel's company and
was wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of
Long Island. I underwent many hardships, but at
last found means to escape ; returned to the army
and served my time out ; was honorably discharged
and never received my pay. Soon after my return
home I was elected adjutant, and continued in that
post many years ; afterwards was elected major." '
The Associators of Buffalo and Penn's town-
ships— practically coextensive with the present
counties of Union and Snyder — on August 31,
1776, held an election for field officers, and on
the 8th of October following commissions were
issued to them as officers of the Fourth Battalion
of Northumberland County Associators, and
also to the company officers, as follows :
" Colonel, Philip Cole ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Thomas
Sutherland; First Major, Thomas Foster; Second
Major, Casper Yost ; Standard- Bearer, Dewalt Miller ;
Adjutant, James McCoy.
' .John Blair Linn's "Annals of the Buffalo Valley."
'^Company No. 1. — Captain, John Clarke; First Lieu-
tenant, Henry Pontius ; Second Lieutenant, James
Moore ; Ensign, Patrick Watson.
" Four sergeants, four corporals, one drummer, one
lifer, and forty-six privates, certified by me, this 26th
day of September, 1776.
John Clarke, Captain.
"Second Company. — Captain, Michael Weaver.
" Third Company. — Captain, Jacob Links.
" Fourth Company. — Captain, William Weirick ;
First Lieutenant, Jacob Sherred ; Second Lieutenant,
William Gill; Ensign, Nicholas Moon.
"Four sergeants, four corporals, one drummer, one
fifer, forty privates. The whole of the above as asso-
ciators testified by me, this 26th day of September,
1776.
" William Weirick, Captain.
"Fifth Company. — Captain, George WoW; First
Lieutenant, George Conrad ; Second Lieutenant,
Michael Wildgoose ; Ensign, John Hessler.
" Four sergeants, four corporals, one drummer, one
fifer, forty-one privates.
"Sixth Company. — Captain, George Overmeier;
First Lieutenant, James McCelvey; Second Lieu-
tenant, Peter Weirick ; Ensign, Michael Snyder.
" Four sergeants, four corporals, one drummer, one
fifer, forty privates. The whole of the above as
associators testified by me, this 26th day of Septem-
ber, 1776.
" Captain George Overmeier."
Drafts from this battalion went into service
in December, when Colonel Cole was with part
of it at Reading. Colonel Brodhead wrote that
he made use of a company from Buffiilo Valley
to apprehend some of tiie disaffiscted and to
compel some of the militia of Berks to march.
When the danger to Philadeljjhia became im-
minent, it is probable that officers and men
volunteered to fill up Captain Clarke's company,
as their names are found on the following roll.
The company left the valley on the 5th of
December, and served three months and eighteen
days. It appears from some memorandums in
an old account-book which contained the roster,
that the company did not leave Reading until
the 3d of January, 1777, and consequently did
not participate at Trenton and Princeton, but
was in the subsequent skirmishes. It was at-
tached to Colonel Potter's Second Battalion,
Lieutenant-Colonel James Murray, Majors John
Kelly and Thomas Robinson. Joseph (xreen
assigned as surgeon's mate to Doctor Benjamin
Allison. Four companies — Clarke's, Lee's, Tag-
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
95
gart'sand Cookson Long's — had casualties during
the campaign.' Following is the roll of Captain
John Clarke's company :
Robert Allen.
Hieronimus Augustine.
Joseph Barnett.
John Beatty.
George Bower.
Thomas Cery.
George Clark.
Daniel Cogh.
Adam Colpetzer.
Daniel Commer.
Jacob Conner.
George Conrad.
Henry Conrad.
William Cousins.
Jacob Esterly.
George Etzweiler.
Philip Ewig.
Michael Fought.
Thomas Foster.
John Fry.
William Gill.
Henry Gilman.
Joseph Green.
William Greenlee.
Joseph Groninger.
Wendell Grove.
John Hain.
Jacob Harpster.
Stophel Heny.
William Hessler.
John Hessler.
Michael Hessler.
Patrick Kellahan.
Jacob Keeny.
Francis Kishler.
Frederick Kneedler.
Conrad Kneedler.
Michael Lamb.
Jacob Links.
Jacob Long.
William Long.
Richard Lowdon.
John McCashon.
James McCelvey.
Matthew McClung.
Randal McDonneld.
Valentine Macklin.
Benjamin Miller.
William Moor.
Andrew Morrow.
Henry Nees.
Peter Nees.
George Overmeier.
Nicholas Pontius.
George Pontius.
Frederick Rinehart.
George Rinehart.
Yost Rith (or Ritle).
Michael Rote.
Ludwig Row.
George Sierer.
Michael Schneider.
John Schock.
Michael Schock.
George Schock.
Robert Scott.
Michael Smith.
William Speddy.
Jacob Speese.
James Stevenson.
David Storm.
Robert Thompson.
George Ulrich.
John Weaver.
David Weaver.
Henry Wenderbach.
Robert Wilson.
George Wolfe.
Some facts concerning the officers and men of
this company are given by Mr. Linn in his ad-
mirable volume on the Buffiilo Valley. He
says, —
Captain Clarke lived on the first farm above
Mifflinburg, south of the turnpike; died Feb-
ruary 22, 1809, aged seventy-three; buried in
Lewis graveyard. Lieutenant Thomas Foster,
grandfather of Mrs. Mark Halfpenny, died
June 4, 1 S04 ; buried in Lewis graveyard.
Augustine was a weaver; lived near Selin's
' John Blair Linn's "Annals of tlie Buffalo Valley."
Grove as late as 1 800. George Bower lived in
Union township. Joseph Barnett became the
patriarch of Jefferson County, Pennsylvania.
(See a full notice of him in Day's " Historical
Collections.") Hon. I. G. Gordon, of Brook-
ville, writes me, 1871, that some of his grand-
children live near that place. John Beatty lived
near New Berlin. George Clark was a promi-
nent surveyor in the valley until 1800, and
then removed West. He lived in a house near
Judge Hummel's, now torn down. He was an
exceedingly tall man, and took delight in
making his axe-marks as surveyor beyond the
reach of other men. He once made a narrow
escape from the Indians by leaping Little Buf-
falo Creek, from the high bank near late Jacob
Moyer's. It was attributed to Brady, but Bra-
dy's leap M'as in the western part of the State,
in Armstrong County. Jacob Conner lived in
Buffalo. Adam Colpetzer, in West Buffalo;
married a daughter of George Rote, of Mifflin-
burg. George Etweiler was killed by the Indi-
ans in 1780, at Heberling's mill, then French
Jacob Grochong's. Michael Fought, in Union,
on Seebold's farm, near Chappel Hollow, east
of it. William Gill, in Penn's. Wendell
Grove, in Derrstown. Henry Gilman, in White
Deer. Joseph Groninger, in Kelly, on Clingan's
place. Joseph Green, near Philip Pontius'; he
was grandfather of Joseph Green, of Lewisburgh.
Jacob Harpster, in Beaver township. John
Hain, in Penn's. The Hesslers, near Crotzer-
ville ; the church there bears their name. Chri.s-
topher Heny, on General James Ir\'ine's (now,
or lately, Kleckner's), west of Mifflinburg. Pat-
rick Kellahan, northwest of Mifflinburg. Jacob
Keeny, on John Aurand's place, Turtle Creek.
Richard Lowdon was a brother of Captain John,
and lived with him. Andrew Morrow was a
tenant on Samuel INIaclay's place. Benjamin
Miller afterwards owned James Biehl's place.
Matthew McClung, late George Gundy's heirs,
near Turtle Creek. Randal McDonneld, on S.
Maclay's,just north of the Great AA'estern (now
INIrs. Shoemaker's.) Peter Nees died of wounds
received Febniary 1, 1777. George Overmeier
lived near Seebold's, in Limestoue. Nicholas
Pontius was the father of the late J. F. Pontius.
George was his brother, sons of John, who
96
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANxVA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
owned the Captain Bucher tract, where his
descendants stil! reside, or a few of them, as the
name is legion now. David Storm, wliere B.
Lahr lives, on Esquire Cameron's farm. Rob-
ert Scott, on Barber's place. White Springs.
Jacob Speese lived, within our memory, in
White Deer. William Speddy, see 1772. The
Schocks, about Mifflinburg. Michael Smith,
in East Buffalo, above Henry Mertz's. George
Wolfe was the grandfather of Jonathan, of
Lewisburgh.
From the region of Cumberland County,
which is now Juniata, a considerable number of
men went early to the field. Andrew Banks, in
his recollections (1845), says, —
" The first troops that marched from here were
those that joined the army of Gen. Montgomery
(Arnold?), destined for Quebec. The writer had a
first cousin on that expedition, belonging to the com-
pany of the braveHendricks.whofellat theheadofhis
company, fighting at 'the barriers ;' but the fate of
those worthy men is well known in the history of
our country. The next troops tliat marched were
two companies of volunteers, each company contain-
ing eighty men, besides their officers ; the one com-
manded by Capt. Gibson, the other by Capt. Purdy.
They repaired to the camp in the beginning of 1776
and performed a tour of two months. Afterwards
the troops marched agreeably to their drafts, which
order was continued. The writer also well recollects
the enthusiastic joy manifested on the capture of
Cornwallis, and the patriotic songs of those days are
still familiar (one of which he gives)."
Captain John Hamilton, who lived within
the present limits of Walker township, organ-
ized a " Company of Horse," in what is now
Juniata County, in 1776. The men compo.sing
it — of whom Hugh McAllister was the first to
cnli.st — met at the house of William Sharon, in
Fermanagh township, to perfect their organ-
ization. (No roster of this company is pre-
served in the State Archives, nor is elsewhere
attainable.)
That portion of Cumberland which is now
Perry evidently furnished the whole or greater
portion of what was known as the Seventh Bat-
talion of Cumberland County Militia, Colonel
Frederick Watts ^ — for although there is no
1 Colonel Walts lived and died in Wheatfield township,
Perry County (which see for full sketch). He was the
father of David Watts and grandfather of .Judge Frederick
roster of the men attainable, that of tiie officers,
which we reproduce,^ shows that nearly, if rot
quite all of them, lived within the present
limits of Perry County. The troops, or a draft
from them, went on a tour of duty early in
1776, for there is on record an order for money
to be sent to Colonel Frederick Watts, to be
used for defraying the exjjense of forwarding
his men to camp, and he was at the surrender
of Fort Washington, November 16, 1776. The
roster of officers here given is, however, for the
year 1777.
The following is a return of Seventh Bat-
talion of the Cumberland County Militia, com-
manded by Colonel Frederick Watts, 1777 :
Field and Staff . — Colonel, Frederick Watts; Lieuten-
ant-Colonel, Samuel Ross; Major, David Mitcliell.
First Company. — Captain, James Fislier ; First
Lieutenant, Thomas Fisher ; Second Lieutenant, Rob-
ert Scott; Ensign, Joseph Sharp, — fifty-eight rank
and file.
Second Compani/. — Captain, James Power; First
Lieutenant, David Marshall ; Second Lieutenant,
Samuel Shaw ; Ensign, John Kirkpatrick, — sixty-
seven rank and file.
Third Company. — Captain, William Sanderson;
First Lieutenant, George Black ; Second Lieutenant,
John Simonton ; Ensign, Archibald Loudon, — forty-
six rank and file.
Fourth Company. — Captain, William Blain ; First
Lieutenant, James Blain; Second Lieutenant, Wil-
liam Murray ; Ensign, Allen Nesbitt, — flft3'-one rank
and file.
Fifth Company. — Captain, Frederick Taylor ;
First Lieutenant, Daniel Hart; Second Lieutenant,
Matthew McCoy; Ensign, Thomas Watson.
Sixth Company. — Captain, Edward Graham ; First
Lieutenant, Thomas McCoy ; Second Lieutenant,
Samuel Whitaker ; Ensign, George Smiley, — seventy-
eight rank and file.
Seventh Company.- — Captain, John Buchanan;
First Lieutenant, William Nelson; Second Lieuten-
ant, James Ewing ; Ensign, Benjamin Junkin, —
fifty-five rank and file.
Eighth Company. — Captain, Thomas Clark ; First
Lieutenant, Joseph Neeper; Second Lieutenant, John
Nelson ; Ensign, John Gardner, — sixty-two rank and
file.
Total Commissioned officers, 29; non-commis-
sioned officers, 1(3; rank and file, 465.
Watts, now living at Carlisle. He served at Wyoming
under Colonel Zebulon Butler, and was wounded there.
- This roster does not appear in the Pennsylvania Ar-
chives, although the battalion or a draft from it went "into
the Continental service.
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
97
Captain William Bratton, of that part of
Cumberland County which is now Mifflin,
where a township is named in his honor/ went
into the service originally as first lieutenant in
Captain Robert Adams' company of the Sixth
Pennsylvania Battalion, Colonel William Ir-
vine, being commissioned January 9, 1776, and
when that body was reorganized as the Seventh
Pennsylvania Regiment, became captain of a
company strengthened by recruiting. The
Sixth Battalion went into the field in the sum-
mer of 177(3 and returned to Carlisle March 15,
1777. It was then that it was reorganized as
the Seventh Pennsylvania Regiment of the
Continental Line, and the men re enlisted for
three years, or the period of the war. The
regiment was paid off and discharged at Car-
lisle in April, 1781. Captain Bratton was
wounded at the battle of Germantown. Fol-
lowing is a roster of his company, which con-
tains the names of many Cumberland men who
were from that part of the county now in
Mifflin, Juniata and Perry Counties, espe-
cially the first, but they cannot now be desig-
nated :
Captain : William Bratton.
Lieutenant : Thomas McCoy.
Ensign : William Armstrong.
Sergeants: Amos Chapman, February, 1777 ; Thomas
Giles ; Timothy O'Neal, February, 1777.
Drummer : Edward Steen, April, 1777.
Filer : John Waun, November 26, 1776.
Privates : John Beatty, February, 1777 ; William
Carman, June 8, 1779; Patrick Carter; John
Daily, October 25, 1778; Daniel Dunnivan; Ed-
ward Edgarton, November 20, 1776 ; James El-
liot; Henry German; Thomas Giles, promoted
sergeant ; Michael Gilmore, September 9, 1778 ;
David Hall ; Francis Henry ; James Higgins,
June 3, 1778 ; Fergus Lee ; Eicha 1 Lowden ; Peter
Lloyd, November 20, 1776; Gilbert McCay ; Neal
McCay ; Patrick McDonald ; John McGeghan,
February, 1777; John McKean ; Peter Martin ;
Fergus Moore, January, 1777; John Prent;
William Redstone ; Peter Rooney, April, 1777;
John Ryan; Patrick Shockey, 1779; James Si-
monton; Thomas Simonton, 1779; John Taylor.
Major John Kelly, afterwards colonel, was in
Colonel James Potter's battalion, one of the
first men from the Buffalo Valley, who en-
'See Bratton township, in " History of Mifflin County."
listed in 1776 and particularly distinguished
himself at the battle of Princeton, January 3,
1777. Washington, who had slipped away
from Cornwallis at Trenton, made a fonx-d
march on Princeton, and had already won the
battle there, when Cornwallis, having made a
forced march, arrived near Stony Brook.
Washington sent an order to Colonel Potter to
destroy the bridge at Worth's Mills, on Stony
Brook, in sight of the advancing British.
Colonel Potter ordered Major Kelly to make a
detail for that purpose. Kelly said he wouI<l
not order another to do what some might say
he was afraid to do himself He took a detail
and went to work. The British opened upon
him a heavy fire of round shot. Before all the
logs were cut off, several balls struck the log on
which he stood and it broke down sooner than
he expected, and he fell into the stream. His
party moved off, not expecting him to escape.
By great exertions he reached the shore through
the high water and floating timbers, and fol-
lowed the troops. Incumbered, as he was, with
his wet and frozen clothes, he made a prisoner
of an armed British scout and took him into
camp. Colonel Kelly used to tell that during
this tour, for three days at one time, there was
no service of provisions, and during the march,
before and after the battle, they were thirty-six
hours under arms without sleep.
The Twelfth Pennsylvania Regiment of the
Continental Line, of which four companies
were from Northumberland County and the
others from Northampton County, was raised
by authority of Congress, and among the last
acts of the convention which had assembled in
Philadelphia, to form a State Constitution, was
the choice of its field officers, from its mem-
bers, on September 28, 1776. William Cook,
delegate from Northumberland, was made
colonel ; Neigal Gray, who, after the war,
moved to White Deer township. Union County,
and died there in 1786, was made lieutenant-
colonel; and James Crawford, delegate from
Northumberland County, was chosen major.
Peter Withington was the first captain, ap-
pointed by the Council of Safety on October 1,
and three days later, with the field officers, took
the qualification directed by the convention.
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
On the same day (October 4th) Nicholas Miller
and Hawkins Boone were appointed ca2:)tains ;
Thomas Brandon and Hananiah Lincoln, iirst
lieutenants ; and Robert King and James Wil-
liamson, second lieutenants. It was resolved
that the commissions of all the captains and sub-
alterns should be dated October 1st. On the 14th
of October, John Brady and Major John Harris,
both of Northumberland County, were ap-
pointed caf)tains; Christopher Gettig, first lieu-
tenant ; and Francis Allison, sergeant.'
The regiment went immediately into active
service. Being composed mainly of good rifle-
men, large drafts were made upon it for picket
and skirmish duty. A portion, under Boone,
was sent into the northern army, and assisted in
the capture of Burgoyne. At Brandy wine the
regiment lost heavily in officers and men, and
at Germantown ; so that after wintering at
Valley Forge, the field officers were mustered
out, the sujjernumerary line officers discharged
and what remained of officers and men were
distributed into the Third and Sixth Regiments,
which arrangement went into effect July 1,
1777.
Captains John Brady and Hawkins Boone,
Lieutenants Dougherty and Robert King were
ordered home by General Washington to assist
Colonel Hartley in protecting the West Branch
Valley. Captain Brady, of whom we shall
have more to say in this chaj)ter, was killed by
Indian scouts near the town of Muucy, April
11, 1779, and Captain Boone fell near Fort
Freeland on the 29th of July, in the same year,
while Dougherty also lost his life in the defence
of the frontier, after passing safely through the
hard campaigns of the Continental army. Their
names will reappear in this history.
Following is a partial roster of the Twelfth
Regiment, with some remarks as inserted by
Mr. John Blair Linn :
Colonel: William Cooke, of Northumberlaud, com-
missioned October 2, 1776.
Lieuteuant-Colonel : Neigal Gray, of Northampton
County ; he moved to Buffalo Valley after the
war.
iCol. Records, vol. x. p. 756 ; Archives (Second Series),
vol. X. page 769.
Major: James Crawford, commissioned October 8,
1776; afterwards justice of the peace in Lycom-
ing County, where he died.
Adjutabt: Thomas Hanson.
Paymasters : Robert Levers ; Thomas Dungan, ap-
pointed April 29, 1777.
Quartermaster : George Vaughan.
Surgeon : Dr. Andrew Ledlie, of Easton.
Surgeon's Mate : Aaron VVoodrufl'.
Captains.
Peter Withiugton, commissioned October 1, 1776;
took sick in Philadelphia in December, 1776 ;
sent home to Reading, where he died May 11,
1777 ; his widow, Eve, survived him over fifty
years, and died in Mifflinburg.
Nicholas Miller, appointed October 4, 1776, from
Northumberland County ; died in 179-, in North-
ampton County.
Hawkins Boone, appointed October 4, 1776 ; killed at
Fort Freeland, July 28, 1779.
John Brady, appointed October 14, 1776 ; badly
wounded at battle of Brandywine, September 11,
1777 ; killed by the Indians, April 11, 1779.
John Harris, appointed October 14, 1776.
Rev. Henry McKinley, of Carlisle, appointed October
16, 1776.
Alexander Patterson, of Northampton County.
William Work, appointed October 16, 1776.
Lieutenants.
Thomas Brandon, appointed October 4, 1776.
Hananiah Lincoln, appointed October 4, 1776 ; he
was a sergeant in Captain George Nagel's com-
pany, Colonel William Thompson's regiment,
1775-76; resigned after battle of Brandywine,
and went to Daniel Boone's settlement in Ken-
tucky ; he followed Boone to Missouri, where he
died.
Christopher Gettig, appointed October ] 4, 1776, from
Sunbury; wounded at Piscataway, N. J., May 11,
1777 ; taken prisoner, and had his leg amputated ;
justice of the peace many years afterward at Sun-
bury ; his descendants reside near Bellefonte.
John Reily, appointed October 16, 1776 ; promoted
captain, May 20, 1777 ; mustered out of service
November 3, 1783.
Stephen Chambers, Esq, appointed October 16,
1776 ; promoted captain ; one of the council of
censors in 1783 ; delegate to the Federal Conven-
tion December 12, 1787 ; wounded in a duel with
Dr. Jacob Rieger on Monday, May 11, 1789;
died on Saturday, 16th, at his house in Lancas-
ter.
William McElhatton, appointed October 16, 1776;
wounded at Bonhamtown, N. J., in right shoul-
der; disabled, and transferred to the Invalid
Corps July 1, 1779; died April 26, 1807.
John Henderson, appointed October 16, 1776.
William Sayre, appointed October 16, 1776.
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
99
Second Lieutenants.
Robert King, October 4, 1776; promoted lieutenant
Third Pennsylvania May 20, 1777 ; let't out of
service June 23, 1779.
James Williamson, October 4, 1776.
Edward McCabe, October 16, 1776.
John Hays, October 16, 1776.
Samuel Quinn, October 16, 1776.
John Boyd, of Northumberland, promoted lieutenant
in Third Pennsylvania June IS, 1779; died Feb-
ruary 1.3, 1832.
William Bard, October 1, 1776.
John Carothers, October 16, 1776 ; killed at German-
town, October 4, 1777.
Robert Falconer.
Ensigns.
Benjamin Lodge, Jr., October 16, 1776 ; promoted
lieutenant Sixth Pennsylvania, October 11, 1777.
Thomas Hamilton, October 16, 1776.
William Ball Blackall, October 16, 1776 ; promoted
lieutenant Third Pennsylvania 11th September,
1778 ; mustered out November 3, 1783.
William Boyd, appointed October 16, 1776 ; killed at
Brandywine, September 11, 1777.
John Stone, October 16, 1776 ; resigned January 8,
1777 ; died March, 1792.
Stewart Herbert, October 16, 1776 ; promoted lieu-
tenant Sixth Pennsylvania January 9, 1778.
Andrew Engle, October 16, 1776 ; promoted lieutenant
of Third Pennsylvania December 20, 1778 ; re-
tired January 1, 1781.
Henry Strieker, October 16, 1776.
John Seeley, February 3, 1777.
John Armstrong, formerly sergeant ; served until the
end of the war, and promoted lieutenant in Cap-
tain James Moore's corps.
Samuel Brady was in tlie fight at the Bran-
dywine, and distinguished himself, a few days
later — September 20, 1777 — at the Paoli mas-
sacre. He was on guard, and lay down with
his blanket wrapped and buckled around him.
The Briti-sh were nearly on them before the
sentinel fired. Brady ran; and as he jumped
a fence, a soldier struck at him with a musket,
and pinned his blanket to a rail. He tore the
blanket, and dashed on. A horseman overtook
him, and ordered him to stop. He wheeled
and shot the horseman dead, and got into a
small swamp, supposing no one in but himself.
In the morning he found fifty-five men in it,
whom he took under command and conducted
to camp.*
Captain Anthony Selin,^ of that part of
Northumberland County which is now Snyder,
and who died at Selinsgrove in 1792, com-
manded a company (the Second) in the Baron
De Ottendorff' s^ corps, which was recruited in
the spring of 1777, and continued in service
until 1780, being ultimately merged into Ar-
mand's legion.
Following is a roster of Captain Selin's com-
pany, made in June, 1778 :
Captain: Anthony Selin, December 10, 1776; died
at Selin.sgrove, Snyder County, 1792.
Lieutenants: Lawrence Myers, of Maryland, April
8, 1777 ; Christian Froelich.
Sergeants : Henry Bartholomew, John Blum, Val-
entine Keyser, Henry Seiders.
Corporals : George Marks, John Walter.
Drummers : John St'huh, William Marks.
Fifer: John Thompson.
Privates.
Henry Bartholomew.
Andrew Bengell.
John Bengel.
John Blum.
Adolph Croselius.
John Dowell.
George Dehn.
Henry Donich.
Wilhelm Dorn.
Thomas Drisnoll.
John Eberts.
John Eisoch.
Michael Eisoch.
John Adam Fetzler.
John Green.
Mathias Gentzoll.
Isaac Hool.
Patrick Hanley.
George Hiller.
John Hultry.
Valentine Keyser.
Henry Kirk.
Daniel Kline.
Gabriel Kline.
2 Captain Anthony Selin, founder of Selinsgrove, was
commissioned by Congress, December 10, 1776, captain
in Ottendorff's corps, and still in service in 17S0, at
Wyoming; died in 1792. His children were Anthony,
Charle.s and Agnes. His wife was a sister of Governor
Snyder, and Selin purchased the ground on which the
town now is at the death of his brother-iu-law, John Sny-
der. Finding Snyder's plot would not fit, he re-surveyed
the ground, laid it out anew and named it. His son, An-
thony Charles, was a major in the War of 1812. The
widow of the latter, Mrs. Catherine Selin, died at the
residence of her son-in-law, Robert Swineford, in Selins-
grove, November 3, 18B8, aged eighty-two, the last of the
fiimily name in the United States.
' Nicholas Dietrich, Baron De Ottendorff, was a noble-
man from Lusatia, Saxony, and had served in the " Seven
Years' War" as a lieutenant under Frederick the Great.
At the close of that struggle he became associated with
Kosciuszko and Roman de Lisle, in Paris, and. on the
breaking out of the Revolution, came with them to Amer-
ica. The Bai'ou was authorized by Congress to raise an
independent corps, to consist of three companies, with a
total of one hundred and fifty men.
100
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Arnold Loos.
George Maul.
Samuel Murden.
John Philips.
George Rex.
Andi'ew Reaberg.
John Ridey.
James Ridgway.
John Rock.
John Steinheizer.
Henry Till.
John Trow.
John Walter.
Samuel Ulett.
KEVOLUTIONARY AFFAIRS ON THE FRONTIER.
Indian Invasion. — While companies of re-
cruits were marching away to join the main
army and participating in its campaigns, there
was also activity in the sparsely-settled country
they had left, and preparations were early made
to guard the frontier against incursions by the
Indians, which the people apprehended would
be incited by the British. Tiieir fears, as will
presently be shown, were pot without good
grounds. A militia organization was effected
all along the border in the fall of 1775.
For the upper division of Northumberland
County, comprising Union and Snyder, and a
part of Centre Counties (and much other territo-
ry), officers were chosen for eleven companies of
militia on the 12th of September, 1775, at
Derr's (site of Lewisburgh), as appears from the
certificate of William Scull, " chairman of the
committee," dated Northumberland, January
24, 1776, and reading as follows :
" I do hereby certify that an election for field offi-
cers, held at Ludwig Derr's, on the West Branch of
the Susquehanna, on Tuesday, the 12th day of Sep-
tember last, the following gentlemen were regularly
chosen for the upper division of the county of
Northumberland, viz. : James Potter, Esquire, colo-
nel ; Robert Moodie, Esquire, lieutenant-colonel ; Mr.
John Kelly, first major; Mr. John Brady, second
major.
" William Scull,
" Chairman of the Committee."
Then follows " a return of the names of the
captains and other officers of the several
companies in the upper division of the county
of Northumberland, with the ranks of said
companies and number of men," —
Arthur Taggart, first captain ; Cornelius Atkinson,
first lieutenant; James McClung, second lieutenant;
James Wilson, ensign, — eighty-five privates.
William Gray, second captain ; William Clark, first
lieutenant; James Murdoch, second lieutenant; Wil-
liam Thompson, ensign, — ninety privates.
David Berry, third captain ; William Hammon,
first lieutenant ; Israel Parsels, second lieutenant ;
Benjamin Burt, ensign, — forty-five privates.
Samuel Dale, fourth captain ; William Bennett,
first lieutenant ; Hawkins Boone, second lieutenant ;
Jesse Weeks, ensign, — sixty-seven privates.
Cookson Long, fifth captain; William Muckle-
hatton, first lieutenant; Robert Fleming, second
lieutenant; Robert Fleming, junior, ensign, — fifty-
nine privates.
Samuel Wallis, sixth captain ; John Scudder, first
lieutenant; Peter Jones, second lieutenant; James
Hampton, ensign, — ninety-one privates.
James Murray, seventh captain ; William Murray,
first lieutenant ; Thomas Plunket, second lieutenant ;
Andrew Robinson, ensign, — sixty privates.
Henry Antes, eighth captain ; Thomas Brandon,
first lieutenant; Alexander Hamilton, second lieu-
tenant; Simon Cole, ensign, — fifty-eight privates.
John McMillan, ninth captain ; John McConnol,
first lieutenant; John McCormick, second lieuten-
ant ; Charles Wilson, ensign, — forty-three privates.
David Hayes, tenth captain ; Charles Clark, first
lieutenant ; Thomas Gray, ensign, — forty-one pri-
vates.
Philip Davis, eleventh captain ; James Aspey,
first lieutenant; John Nelson, second lieutenant;
Jacob Fulmore, ensign, — seventy-four privates.
" Northumberland, 24tt January, 1776.
" I do hereby certify the above to be a true return
of the several companies which form the battalion in
the upper division of the county of Northumberland,
as delivered in to me.
" William Scull,
" Chairman of the Committee."
The Convention of 1776, by an ordinance
dated September 3d, created a new Council of
Safety, of which Samuel Hunter and John
Weitzel were the members for Northumberland
County, and John Lowdon, of Silver Spring,
near Mifflinburg, became member of the
Supreme Executive Council by choice of the
voters in the district composed of Northumber-
land, Northampton, Bedford and Westmore-
land Counties.
That the inhabitants of tlie territory now in-
cluded in the counties which are the especial
province of this work were in fear of Indian
invasion as early as 1776 is clearly shown by
the records of the State Convention of that
year. On July 29th, John Kelley and Walter
Clark, who were in attendance, petitioned the
Council of Safety for aid, stating that they had
just grounds to believe that the county
(Northumberland) would be disturbed by the
THE KEVOLUTIONARY WAR.
101
Indians, and stated tliat there was not sufficient
ammunition in the county for the four bat-
talions ah'eady raised.
In a letter dated Paxtang, August 27, 1776,
John Harris says, —
"The Indians, to the northward, southward, and
westward, are for war against us, as I am informed
by a letter from Northumberland County, by their
post, two days ago. The Susquehanna Indians are
only for peace with us. About twenty Indians
(enemies), men, women and children, have been
many days past at Sunbury, and make said report."
A body of Indians, of the Seneca and
Muncy tribes, were induced by Captain John
Brady to come down to Fort Augusta to
make a treaty, in August, 1776, but nothing
seems to have been accompli.shed in that direc-
tion. The party stopped at Ludwig Derr's
trading-house (site of Lewisburgh ) on their way
back and got very drunk, Derr knocking the
head out of a barrel of whiskey and furnishing
them with tin-cups to drink from. Their de-
bauch was cut short by Captain John, who,
arriving on the scene and fearing the conse-
quences of their unlimited indulgence, kicked
the barrel over, greatly to their disgust. The
Indians iinally returned peaceably enough, and
it was not until 1777 that they made any organ-
ized movements against the frontier settlements.
Notwithstanding their inactivity, preparations
were made {or the troubles which it was appre-
hended the near future would bring.
Pkoceedings or the Northumberland
Committee of Safety. — The account of these
plans for the protection of the frontier against
the savages is perhaps best given in transcripts
from the records of the Committee of Safety
of Northumberland County ' (from February
8, 1776, to April 17, 1777).
" 8th of February, 1776. — The following gentlemen,
being previously nominated by the respective town-
ships to serve in this committee, for the county of
Northumberland, for the space of six months, met at
the house of Richard Malone, viz.:
"Augusta township. — John Weitzel, Esijuire ; Alex-
ander Hunter, Esquire, Thomond Ball.
'' Mahoning township. — William Cook, Esquire,
Benjamin Allison, Esquire, Mr. Thomas Hewet.
■ Publication of Pennsylvania Historical Society, 1846 ;
also Linn's ' Buffalo Valley."
" Tarbut township. — Captain John Hambright, Wil-
liam McKnight, William Shaw.
" Mimceg township. — Robert Robb, Esquire, Wil-
liam Watson, John Buckalow.
" Bald Eagletoa-nship. — Mr. William Dunn, Thomas
Hughes, Alexander Hamilton.
"Buffaloe township^' — Mr. Walter Clark (removed to
White Deer), William Irwin, Joseph Green.
" Wioming township. — Mr. James McClure, Mr.
Thomas Clayton, Mr. Peter Melick.
" Penn's township.- —
" Moughonoy towiuhip. —
"Potter township. — John Livingston, Maurice Davis,
John Hall.
" White Deer township.'' — Walter Clark, Matthew
Brown, Marcus Huling.
"Captain John Hambright was appointed chairman
and Thomond Ball clerk.
" On the 7th instant the following gentlemen were
duly elected field officers for the battalion of said di-
vision, viz. : Samuel Hunter, Esquire, colonel ; Wil-
liam Cook, Esquire, lieutenant-colonel ; Casper
Weitzel, Esquire, first major ; Mr. John Lee, second
major.
" Monday, February 26th, 1776. — The committee
met, according to adjournment, at the house of
Laughliu McCartney, in Northumberland town,
CajJtain John Hambright in the chair.
" The following gentlemen appeared and produced
certificates of their being regularly chosen captains
of companies in Colonel Hunter's battalion, and pro-
duced lists of their subalterns, companies, &c., viz. :•
"Captain, Nicholas Miller; First Lieutenant,
Christopher Gettig ; Second Lieutenant, Xehemiah
Breese ; First Ensign, Gustavus Ross ; Second En-
sign, William Sims.
"Captain, Hugh White; First Lieutenant, John
Forster; Second Lieutenant, Andrew Gibson ; Ensign,
Samuel Young.
"Captain, James McMahon ; First Lieutenant,
•fohn Murray; Second Lieutenant, William Fisher;
Ensign, William Baily.
" Captain, Charles Gillespie ; First Lieutenant,
Robert King • Second Lieutenant, Samuel Fulton ;
First Ensign, William Boyd; Second Ensign, John
Woodside.
"Captain, William Scull; First Lieutenant, Jona-
than Lodge; Second Lieutenant, George Colhoun ;
First Ensign, William Sawyers ; Second Ensign,
George Grant.
" Captain, William Clarke; First Lieutenant, John
Teitson; Second Lieutenant, William McDonald;
First Ensign, John Moll.
" Wednesday, March 13, 1776. — The committee met
at the house of Frederick Stone, in Northumberland
town, agreeable to adjournment. Captain John Ham-
» Buffalo, Penn's and White Deer townships were in what
is now the territorv of Union and Snvder Counties.
102
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
bright in the chair, when the following gentlemen
made returns of their officers, captains, subalterns,
&c., properly certified, viz. :
" William Plunket, Esquire, Colonel ; James Mur-
ray, Esquire, Lieutenant-Colonel ; Mr. John Brady,
First Major: Mr. Cookson Long, Second Major.
" Captain, Henry Antis, Esquire ; First Lieutenant,
Thomas Brandon ; Second Lieutenant, Alexander
Hamilton ; First Ensign, John Morison ; Second En-
sign, James Alexander.
"Captain, Samuel Wallis ; First Lieutenant, John
Scudder; Second Lieutenant, Peter Jones; Ensign,
James Hampton.
" Captain, John Robb ; First Lieutenant, William
Watson ; Second Lieutenant, Eobert Wilson ; En-
sign, James White.
" Captain, William McElhatton ; First Lieutenant,
Andrew Boggs ; Second Lieutenant, Thomas Wilson ;
Ensign, John McCormick.
"Captain, William Murray; First Lieutenant,
Richard Irwin ; Second Lieutenant, Thomas Plunk-
ett; First Ensign, Andrew Robinson; Second En-
sign, Benjamin Jordon.
"Captain, Simon Cool; First Lieutenant, Thomas
Camplen ; Second Lieutenant, James Brandon ; First
Ensign, William King ; Second Ensign, James
Hewes.
" Captain, David Berry ; First Lieutenant, Wil-
liam Hammond; Second Lieutenant, Joseph Bonser;
Ensign, Israel Pershel."
At this time there arose some jealousy in re-
gard to tlie enlistment of men and the conse-
quent M'ithdrawal from the exposed frontier of
its best military element.
" Information being given to the committee that a
certain Hawkins Boone is now enlisting men in this
county, without giving any satisfactory account for
what purpose or service the said men are enlisted ;
"Resolved, That the chairman of this committee
call upon the said Hawkins Boone, by letter or other-
wise, to appear before him and two or more of said
committee, as he, the chairman, shall think ex-
pedient, on such day and at such place as he shall
appoint, to show cause why he, the said Boone, enlists
men as aforesaid.
'■'Monday, March 25, 1776. — The committee met
pursuant to adjournment at the house of Thomond
Ball, in Sunbury, Captain John Hambright in the
chair.
"Resolved, That it appears to this committee that
several recruiting officers, belonging to the battalions
of different counties in this Province, have latel}'
come to this infant frontier county and drained it of
a number of useful men, to the prejudice of the
same.
"Resolved, That for the future no officer or non-
commissioned officer be allowed to recruit men in
this county, except the officers who are or may be
appointed therein.
" John Simpson, Esquire, presented a return, where-
in appears the following list of officers, the company
belonging to Colonel Hunter's battalion, viz. :
" Captain, John Simpson, Esquire ; First Lieu-
tenant, Robert Curry ; Second Lieutenant, John
Ewart ; First Ensign, Thomas Gaskins ; Second En-
sign, David Mead."
The feeling of the people against indiscrim-
inate and heavy drainage of the popidation from
the frontier by enlistments for the Continental
army is in the following letter of John Ham-
bright very fairly reflected :
" Sunbury, ilth March, 1776.
"... We are now, gentlemen, to inform you of
what we think a grievance to this young and thinly
inhabited county, viz. : a constant succession of re-
cruiting officers from different counties in this Prov-
ince. Our zeal for the cause of American liberty has
hitherto prevented our taking any steps to hinder the
raising of men for its service; but finding the evil in-
creasing so fast upon us as almost to threaten the de-
population of the county, we cannot help appealing
to the wisdom and justice of your committee to know
whether the quota of men that may be demanded
from this county under their own officers is not
as much as can reasonably be expected from it.
Whether, at a time when we are uncertain of peace
with the Indians (well knowing that our enemies are
tampering with them), and a claim is set up to the
greatest part of this Province by a neighboring
Colony who have their hostile abettors at our very
breasts, as well as their emissaries amongst us, is it
prudent to drain an infant frontier county of its
strength of men '? and whether the safety of the in-
terior parts of the Province would not be better se-
cured by adding strength to the frontiers ? Whether
our Hon. Assembly, by disposing of commissions to
gentlemen in different counties to raise companies
which are to form the number of battalions thought
necessary for the defense of the Province, did not in-
tend that the respective captains should raise their
companies where they [were] appointed; and not
distress our county by taking from it all the men
necessary for the business of agriculture, as well as
the defense of the same? From our knowledge of
the state of this county, we make free to give our
opinion of what would be most for its advantage, as
well as that of the Province (between which we hope
there never will be a difference), and flret to inform
you [of] the poverty of the people, many of whom
came bare and naked here, being plundered by a
banditti who call themselves Yankees, and those who
brought some property with them, from the necessary
del.ay of cultivating a wilderness before they could
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
103
have any produce to live upon, together with the
necessity of still continuing the closest application
to labor and industry for their support, renders it
morally improbable that a well disci])lined militia
can be established here, as the distance which some
men are obliged to go to muster is the loss of two
days to them, which, not being paid for, they will
not, nor indeed can they, so often attend as is neces-
sary to complete them even in the manual exercise.
We would recommend that two or more companies
be raised and put in pay for the use of the Province,
to be ready to march when and where the service
may require them, and when not wanted for the
service of the public at any particular place, to be
stationed in this county in order to be near and de-
fend our frontier, should they be attacked by our
enemies of auy denomination, the good effect of
which, we imagine, would be considerable, as though
they may be too few to repel, they may stop the
progress of an enemy until the militia could be
raised to assist them. Should this proposal appear
eligible, please to inform us thereof, and we will
recommend such gentlemen for officers as we think
will be most suitable for the service and agreeable to
the people.
" We are, gentlemen, with due respect, your very
humble servants,
"Signed for and in behalf of the committee,
" John Hambright, Chairman.
" To the Committee of S.4^fety, Philadelphia."
On August 13, 1776, a new Committee of
Safety was ehoseu to serve for six months, the
members for Buffalo, Penu's and AVhite Deer
townships — with which we have particularly to
do — being as follows :
Buffalo township. — Martin Treaster, William
Speedy, Philip Coal.
Pemi's township. — Simeon Woodrow, Adam Bol-
inger, Paul Gemberling.
White Deer township. — James JlcClanachan, Robert
Fruit, William Gray.
The committee elected Robert Fruit as chair-
man, and John Boyd clerk.
Upon the same date as the foregoing, action
was taivon to have Colonel William Piunket
forward from the house of Laughlin INIcCartney
"the dividend of ammunition belonging to the
six companies of his battalion that lie above
Muncy," and also to secure and have such
" a quantity of powder and lead at IVIr. John
Harris' ferry,' which belonged to the Associatovs
of this county (Northumberland).
' Harrisburar.
The committee found, September 12, 1776,
that of the quantities of powder and lead on
hand, the quota of each associator was half
a pound of the former and a pound of the lat-
ter, which not being deemed sufficient, " and
whereas the greater part of Colonel Plunket's
men are situated on the frontier and the most
e.xposed parts of the county," they demanded a
further quantity of eighty-nine pounds of pow-
der and one hundred and seventy-eight pounds
of lead, to be divided among the several captains
of the battalion, " with the strictest charge that
the same be preserved for the purposes of
defense of this county." A similar division
of ammunition was made among the men of
Colonel Potter's battalion.
One of the hardships of this period, though
at first thought a seemingly small thing, was
the scarcity of salt. But little could be pro-
cured, and that only at great cost, — often aug-
mented by speculators who took advantage of
the necessities of the people.
At a meeting of the committee on September
10, 1776, complaint being made against Mr.
Aaron Levy and John Bullion, setting forth
that they had a quantity of salt on hand, which
they refused to sell for cash, it was " Resolved,
That the aforesaid salt that is in the hands
of the aforesaid Levy and Bullion, (as they
have refused the same for sale) be put
into the hands of Mr. William Savers, and by
him sold at the rate of fifteen shillings per
bushel, and not to sell unto any family above
half a bushel for the time that the said salt is
selling, and that the said Sayers shall keep a
particular account of every bushel that he sells,
and when sold, he shall return the money aris-
ing from said salt to this committee, first de-
ducting one shilling out of the pound for his
trouble of selling said salt, and six shillings and
four pence for porterage."
Two days later the committee being in-
formed by one of the members of the conven-
tion " that there is a dividend of salt in Phila-
delphia, which is allotted for this county, by a
late resolve of convention, wherefore, this com-
mittee thought proper to appoint two suitable
persons to go to Philadelphia and take charge
of said salt, and [to] be bv them conveyed to
104
JUiVIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA COUNTIES IN PENNSYLVANIA.
this county and delivered to the care of this
committee ; Therefore, William Maclay aud
Mordecai McKiniiey were uuauimously ap-
pointed by this committee for the purpose above
mentioned : Resolved, That the salt belonging
to this county is to be sold at fifteen shillings
per bushel."
The remainder of the record for the year
1776 consists chiefly of an account of the ex-
amination of certain charges of treasonable de-
sign and utterances brought by Cajjtain John
Brady against Robert Robb. The trial was
continued in 1777, and finally Robb was es-
corted to the Council of Safety at Philadelphia,
to whom his case was referred.
A new committee for Northumberland County
was elected in February, 1777, of which the
members in Penn's, White Deer and Buifalo
townships were as follows :
Penn's townsfdp.— Andrew Moore, David Miller,
Jacob Hosterman.
White Deer township.— VfiWiava Blyth, James Mc-
Cormick, William Reed.
Buffalo township. — John Aurand, Thomas Suther-
land, George Overmire.
Thomas Jordan was chosen chairman.
It appears that Captain Benjamin Weiser
was out on a tour of duty with a company of
Northumberland County troo])s in 1776-77,
and was in the German Regiment. On Janu-
ary 30th, he was at Philadelphia. About that
time he wrote to the County Committee of
Safety, complaining that a number of his men
had deserted, aud craving their assistance to-
ward their return.
Following is the muster-roll of Captain Ben-
jamin Weiser's company, at Philadelphia, Jan-
uary 30, 1777 :
Captain : B. Weiser ; [after the war resided at Se-
linsgrove, Snyder County.]
First Lieutenant: Christopher Snyder.
Second Lieutenant: Adam Shaffer.
Third Lieutenant : Joseph Van Gundy.
First Sergeant : Matthew Hain.
Second Sergeant : George Markle.
First Corporal : Philip Moyer.
Second Corporal : Frederick Eisenhauer, enlisted in
the service of the United States.
Privates : George Brosius ; Nicholas Brosius ; John
Faust ; Christian Furst, sick at present, (dis-
charged at Reading by Doctor Potts) ; Conrad
Furst ; Henry Grouinger ; John Hauser ; John
Heim ; John Herter ; George Herrold ; Peter
Hosterman ; Henry Kaufman ; Adam Kerstetter;
Martin Kerstetter ; Leonard Kerstetter ; Thomas
Kitch ; Adam Leffler ; John Livengood ; John
Meiser; George Moyer; Philip Neitz ; Michael
Newman ; George Peifer; Tobias Pickel; Andrew
Eeitz ; Christian Shafer ; Nicholas Shafer ; Jacob
Snider ; Zacharias Spengle ; .John Stroub ;
George Troutner (enlisted in the L^nited States
service) ; Peter Weis ; Mathias Witmer.
Increased Vigilance ox the Fkontier
— Major Kelly, the Bradys and Boone
— Forts Built. — It has been heretofore noted
that in the fall of 1777— after the battle of the
Brandy wine, which occurred Sejjtember lltli —
Captain John Brady, Captain Hawkins Boone
and Lieutenants John and Samuel Doughei'ty
were ordered by Washington baclv to the fron-
tier to assist the inhabitants in resisting the in-
cursions of the savages through the mountain
passes. Colonel (or Major) John Kelley,' the
^ As Colonel (or Major) John Kelley is so frequently
mentioned in this chapter, and was so conspicuous a charac-
ter in the local as well as the Continental campaigns, we give
a brief sketch of his career. He was born in Lancaster
County in February, 1744. After the purchase from the
Indians of 1768, and before tlve opening of the land-office
in 1769, he came to Buffalo Valley, then a part of Berks
County. Here he suffered all the hardships and privations
which are inseparable upon the first settlement of a new
country. He was tall, about six feet two inches in height,
vigorous and muscular, with his body so inured to labor as
to be almost insensible to fatigue, and a mind so accus-
tomed to dangers that dangers ceased to alarm. He was a
captain, and a major at twenty-seven years of age, and when
his country called on her sons he was ready. In the fall
of 1776 he volunteered to assist in the protection of New
Jersey. He was present at Trenton when the Hessians
surrendered, and assisted in that most masterly movement
on Princeton, by which the chain of communications of
the enemy was broken, all their plans deranged, and their
army compelled to return to New York and its neighbor-
hood, and to leave New Jersey free to avenge her wrongs.
His iutrepidity in destroying the bridge at Princeton,
which has been narrated in the text (see ante), preserved
the army from defeat upon the momentous 3d of January,
1777. When the Indians became too strong for the deci-
mated frontier population he was one of the first to return
to its defense. He had the principal command of the
scouting-parties in wh is now Union County and the
region above and eastward and was often out in person.
After the war he was for many years a magistrate in Union
County. Kelly township, in which was his home, was named
after him. He died February 18, 1832, aged eighty-eight
years, and was buried in the Presbyterian burial-ground.
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
106
hero of Princctou, as heretofore noted, had been
ordered home for a similar reason, and during
the summer liad command on the frontier. He
had as a guide a friendly Indian called Job
Ohilloway. Major Moses Van Camjieu, the
famous Indian fighter, says, in his narrative,
that he served a three months' tour with him at
this time, and that they were located at the Big
Island, near Lock Haven.
As the continuance of Indian forays became
more certain, it was deemed necessary to build
forts or stockades at intervals along the frontier,
to serve as places of refuge for the inhabitants.
Fort Freeland, on Warriors' Kun, had been
built in 1773, and Fort Augusta, at Sunbury,
prior to that time. It was commanded during
the Revolution by Colonel Samuel Hunter.' A
in Lewisburgh, where a monument to his memory was
patriotically reareil and dedicated with impressive cere-
monies April 8, 1835, on which occasion a memorial ad-
dress was delivered by Jame« Merrill, Esq.
Colonel Kelly's children were : .James, who moved to
Penn's Valley and died there (he was the father of Hon.
James K. Kelly, United States Senator, of Portland.
Oregon) ; John, who also moved to Penn's Vallej' ; William,
who married a daughter of .Archibald Allison, of Centre
County, and died January 27, 1830; Andrew, a bachelor,
W'ho was born 1783, and died on the old place September
24, 18(37, aged eighty-four ; Samuel Kelly, of Armstrong
County, Pennsylvania ; Elizabeth, married to Simeon
Howe; Maria, married to John Campbell, of Lewisburgh ;
Robert, who died April IL', 18S6, aged seventy-seven;
Joseph, died March 2, 1865, aged sixty-six ; David H.
Kelly, Esq., deceased, late county commissioner of
Union County.
'Colonel Samuel Hunter, who commanded at Fort
Augusta, who is also frequently mentioned in this chapter,
performed very valuable services on the frontier. He died
at the close of the struggle in which he had taken a promi-
nent part. April 10, 1784, aged hfty-two years. His grave
is near the site of Fort Augusta. His wife's name was
Susanna Scott, sister of Abraham Scott, formerly member
from Lancaster. Colonel Hunter was from the county of
Donegal, Ireland, and when he died had a mother and two
brothers still living there. He left two daughters, Mary
and Nancy, minors. 1. Mary, married Samuel Scott, who
died before her, leaving children, — Samuel H. Scott, Sarah,
Susanna. Samuel Scott lived on wliat is now the Cake
farm, and was drowned. He was a son of Abraham Scott,
who lived on the island which he had purchased of
Mungo Reed, the original owner. Abraham Scott died
there in August, 1708, leaving a widow, Sarah, and chil-
dren,— Samuel (above), Mary (wife of General William Wil-
son, afterwards of Chillisquaque Mills), Sus.inna and Sarah,
Susanna married Rose. Their daughter, Isabella.
is the widow of Hon. Robert C. Cirier, late justice of
small stockade was constructed, probably iu
1777-78, one mile above Milton and called
Fort Schwartz. Boone's Fort, at the moutli of
Muddy Run, was commanded by Captain
Boone. John Brady removed from opposite
the siti of Lewisbiu'gh, settled on the Muucy
Manor, and erected a small fortification, for the
protection of his family and neighbors, on the
south side of Muncy Creek, near where the
town now stands. It was called Fort Brady
and has often been confounded with Fort
Muncy, which stood on the Muncy farm, above
the town. A small inclosure was erected near
the mouth of Lycoming Creek, where Jaysburg
now is, and called, after a settler of the region,
Fort Huff.
A fort which was a very important place
during the troubled times prior to the " great
runaway " was built in the summer of 1776 by
Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Antes, on the high
ground at the mouth of Nippenose Creek,
above Jersey Shore. It was a picketed inclos-
ure and defended by a regular garrison of
militia.
Horn's Fort was on the south side of the
West Branch, on what is no\v known as Cris-
pin's Run. Reed's, at Lock Haven, a place
of considerable importance during the early
period of the war, was commanded by Colonel
Cookson Long.
The Upper Fort, built in 1777 in Penn's
Valley, was merely the fortified log-house of
Colonel (afterwards General) James Potter, who
was one of the principal officers on the frontier,
and f n- a considerable period was colonel of the
UpperBattalion. His corresjiondence is frequent-
ly quoted in this chapter, and there are numerous
allusions to him. As has been shown, he was iu
command of a battalion of Northumberland
County militia at Trenton and Princeton. On
April 5, 1777, he was appointed third brigadier-
general of the militia of the State, and after-
wards commanded his brigade at the Brandy-
wine and battle of Germantown with great
ability. He obtained leave of absence in Jan-
the United States Supreme Court. 2. Nanci/, married her
cousin, Alexander Hunter, who died in June, 1810, leaving
her also a widow, and children, — Mary, Elizabeth, Nancy
and Samuel.
106
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
uaiy, 1778, on accouut of his wife's illness, and
during that and the following year, until mid-
summer, was in Peuu's Valley assisting in re-
pelling the inroads of the savages. In July,
1779, he retired with the rest of the inhabitants
and took his family to Middle Creek, in Snyder
County. In 1780 he became a member of the
State Council ; November 14, 1781, vice-jjresi-
dent of the State; May 23, 1782, a major-
general, and in 1784 a member of the Council
of Censors. Meanwhile he had resumed resi-
dence on his farm in what is now Union
County, a short distance above New Columbia,
where he had settted in 1772, and remained
until his removal to Penn's Valley, in 1774.
He ultimately returned to Penn's Valley from
Union County, where he received injuries while
raising a barn, in the fall of 1784, from which
he died in the same year. He was a native of
Tyrone, Ireland, born in 1729, and obtained his
first experience as a soldier before he was seven-
teen years old in the Indian War of 1756-64.
Such, in brief, was the life of one of the promi-
nent characters of this region during the terri-
ble period of the Revolfttionary War and of
Indian incursion.'
■There are some other details worthy of preservation
concerning General Potter. He was a son of .John Potter,
the first sheriff of Cumberland County, and in January,
1758, was a lieutenant with William Blythe, in Colonel
John Armstrong's battalion. He married a Jliss Cathcart,
sister of Mrs. George Latimer, of Philadelphia, who died,
leaving a son and daughter. He then married Mrs. Cham-
bers, sister of Captsiin William Patterson. He resided
principally on the Ard farm, in White Deer township, just
above New Columbia, though, no doubt, he changed his
residence on accouiit of the Indian troubles One year,
1781, he resided in the Middle Creek settlement, now
Snyder County, as the assessments show, and family
tradition has it, his eldest son, John Potter, died there.
In 1786, Pickering visited him at the Ard farm, and in
1787, Mrs. Gregg, his daughter, was married there.
His eldest daughter married Captain .James Poc. Mary
married George Riddles, who died March 14, 1796, and is
buried at Northumberland, in the Presbyterian church-
yard. Their daughter, Mary A., married W. H. Patter-
son ; Eliza, Dr. Joseph B. Ard, whose heirs still own the
old place in White Deer ; Martha married Mr. Gregg.
General Potter's son James married Mary Brown,
daughter of Judge Brown, of Mifflin County. Of their
children : 1, General James Potter (third) married Maria,
daughter of General William Wilson, of Chillisquaque ; 2,
William Potter, Esq., late of Bellefonte, attorney-at-law ;
3, Mary P , married Doctor W. I. Wilson, of Potter's
The Indians repeatedly came stealthily down ,
the West Branch in 1777, and committed
murders of men, women and children where-
ever they could find them exposed. One
Sunday morning in June they killed two men
—Miller and Cady — who had gone out from
Antes' Fort to milk the cows, and though pur-
sued, were not apprehended or made to suffer
for their crimes. A similar affair occurred at
Horn's Fort, and in the fall of 1777 an attack
was made on the families of Brown and Benja-
min, on the Loyal Sock Creek, and committed
every fiendish atrocity that the tomahawk,
scalping-knife and torch could enable them to.
These murders were the ominous warnings of
more sweeping fury to be wreaked upon the
settlements later, but they spread terror through-
out the valley, and most of the families fled to
the so-called forts, or block-hou.ses, for protection,
leaving their houses, fields and cattle at the
mercy of the savages. The condition of the
county at this time was indicated in a letter
from Colonel Hunter, who said (November 1st)
that he had orders for the third and fourth
classes of militia to march, but he had neither
arms nor blankets for them ; that the first and
second classes were on the frontiers, and had
all the good arms that could be collected ; that
the people were in a bad way ; had not got in
any crops. For the state of the country, he
referred President Wharton to Captain John
Hambright, Mdio had been chosen of the
Council. He added that the county was
worse off than any other in the State for salt.
Writing again, from Fort Augusta, November
11th (after referring to the fact that upon that
day the third and fourth classes of the Third
Battalion were to march to join the army of
General Washington, under the command of
Colonel James Murray), he says, —
"The two classes of Colonel Cookson Long's bat-
talion I have ordered to duty on the frontiers, as the
Mills ; 4, John Potter ; 5, Martha G., married to Abraham
Valentine; 6, Peggy Crouch, married Dr. Charles Coburn,
of Aaronsburg ; 7, George L. Potter, Esq., who practiced
awhile at Danville, Pennsylvania. Mrs. Andrew G.
Curtin, who is a daughter of Doctor W. I. Wilson, of Pot-
ter's Mills, is a great-granddaughter of the Revolutionary
general, and the Governor is a great-grandson, on the
Gregg line of descent.
THE REVOLUTIONAKY WAR.
107
first class, that was commanded by Colonel John
Kelly, has come oil' I'rom thence, after serving two
months, to encourage the poor, scattered inhabitants
to return back to their habitations, which I hope will
be approved by the Council."
Colonel John Kelly, being relieved from ser-
vice on the West Branch, was ordered, with
his battalion, to Peun's Valley to perforin duty
for two months.
The year 1778 opened gloomily enough for
the Continental army in the field and the har-
assed inhabitants of the frontier. Notwith-
standing the tact that a large number of sol-
diers had gone to the front from the back
settlements, greatly weakening them at a time
when organized Indian invasion was appre-
hended, officers came into the region early in the
year to recruit for the Northumberland com-
panies.
In May, Colonel Kelly was still on duty in
Penn's Valley, but his presence did not awe
the Indians completely, for upon the 8th,
Jacob Stanford was killed there and his family
carried into captivity. Numerous other mur-
ders were committed along the frontier. Again
we draw information from a letter of General
Potter's (dated Upper Fort, Peun's Valley,
May 17th). He says that he was informed by
Colonel Long that a few families coming to
Lycoming, escorted by a party under the com-
mand of Colonel Hosterman, were attacked by
twelve Indians, who killed six of them, and six
were missing. Three men were killed, at the
same time, on the Loyal Sock ; twenty persons
killed on the North Branch. One who was
taken prisoner made his escape, and says the
Indians are determined to clear the two
branches of the Susquehanna this moon. He
says we have two forts in the valley, and are
determined to stand as long as we are supported.
The people were poor, and bread very high.
Colonel Hunter pictured the situation (in a
letter of May 31, 1778) thus,—
" We are in a melancholy condition. The back in-
habitants have left their homes. All above Muncy are
at Samuel Wallis's. The people of Muncy are at Cap-
tain Brady's. All above Lycoming are at Antes' mill
and the mouth of Bald Eagle. The peojile of Penn's
valley are at one place in Potter township. The
inhabitants of White Deer are assembled at three
different places. The back settlers of Buffalo have
come down to the river. Penn's township people have,
likewise, moved to the river. All from Muncy hill
to Chillisquaque have assembled at three different
places. Fishing creek and Mahoning settlements
have come to the river-side. It is really distressing
to see the people flying away, and leaving their all,
especially the Jersey people, who came up here last
winter and spring. Not one stays, but sets off to
Jersey again."
On the 2d of June he writes that the people
have drawn up a petition to Congress for
relief, and Bobert Fruit and Thomas Jordan
were set off to lay it before the Executive
Council for their approval, before presenting it
to Congress.
On June 14th he writes that communica-
tion between Antes' mill and Big Island is cut
oiF. On the 10th of June a bloody and
sweeping slaughter occurred where Williams-
port now stands.
All of these events were but the forerunners
of greater disasters than any which had yet
befallen the settlements.
THE GEEAT RUNAWAY.
The great massacre at Wyoming occurred on
July 3d, and ,as the report of that horrible
glutting of savage bloodthirst passed down
North Branch and spread up the valley of the
sister-stream, it caused a general stampede —
the wild, precipitate flight of the settlers from
all the upper region, known as the " Great
Runaway."
The terrorizing news was quite generally
spread by the 5th or 6th, and on the 9th,
Colonel Hunter writes that both branches are
nearly evacuated, and Nortiiumberland and
Sunburv will be the frontier in less than
twenty-four hours. His letter evinces the
agony of a strong man, M'ho, with all supports
taken away, was determined to fall, if need be,
in defense of the charge committed to him.
He says, —
" Nothing but a firm reliance upon Divine Provi-
dence, and the virtue of our neighbors, induces the
few to stand that remain in the two towns ; and if they
are not speedily reinforced they mus't give way ; but
will have this consolation, that they have stood in
defence of their liberty and country as long as they
could. In justice to this county, I must bear testi-
108
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
iiiony that the States never applied to it for men in
vain. I am sure the State must know that we have
reduced ourselves to our present feehle condition by
our readiness to turn out, upon all occasions, when
called for in defense of the common cause. Should
we now fall, for want of assistance, let the neighboring
counties reconcile to themselves, i f they can, the breach
of brotherly love, charity and every other virtue
which adorns and advances the human species above
the brute creation. I will not attempt to point out
the particular cruelties or barbarities that have been
practised on our unhappy inhabitants, but assure you
that, for the number, history aftbrds no instance of
more heathenish cruelty or savage barbarity than has
been exhibited in this county."'
Matthew Smith writes from Paxtaug (Harris-
burg), July 12th, that he had "just arrived at
Harris' Ferry, and beheld the greatest scenes of
distress I ever saw. It M'as crowded with
people who had come down the river, leaving
everything.''
Upon the same day Peter De Haven writes,
from Hummelstown : "This day there were
twenty or thirty passed through this town from
Buffalo Valley and Sunbury, and the people
inform me that tliere are two hundred wagons
on the road coming down. I was at Mr. Elder's
meeting to-day, and Colonel Clark and Colonel
Rodgers made an appeal to the inhabitants to
turn out one hundred volunteers," etc.
A letter written by William Maclay, from
Paxtang, on the 12th, gives a very graphic pic-
ture of the distress, —
" I left Sunbury, and almost my whole property, on
Wednesday last. I will not trouble you with a recital
of the inconveniences I sutTered while I brought my
family, by water, to this place. I never in my life
saw such scenes of distress. The river and the roads
leading down it were covered with men, women and
children, flying for their lives. In short, Northumber-
land County is broken up. Colonel Hunter only
remained, using his utmost endeavors to rally the
inhabitants to make a stand. I left him with few. I
cannot speak confidently as to numbers, but he had
not a hundred men on whom he could depend. Mrs.
Hunter came down with me. As he is now disencum-
bered of his family, I am convinced that he will do
everything that can be expected from a brave and
determined man. It was to no purpose Colonel
Hunter issued orders for the assembling of the
militia. The whole county broke loose. Something,
in the way of charity, ought to be done for the many
miserable objects that crowd the banks of this river,
especially those who fled from Wyoming. You know
I did not use to love them, but I now pity their dis-
tress."
Colonel Hunter, upon the 12th, indited (at
Sunbury) a most pathetic appeal to the Presi-
dent and Executive Council, in which he
said, —
"The calamities so long dreaded, and of which we
have been more than once informed must fall upon
this county if not assisted by Continental troops or
the militia of the neighboring counties, now appear
with all the horrors attendant on an Indian war; at
this date the towns of Sunbury and Northumberland
are the frontiers, where a few virtuous inhabitants
and fugitives seem determined to stand, though doubt-
ful whether to-morrow's sun shall rise on them free-
men, captives or in eternity."
He urged most strenuously that "a few hun-
dreds of men, well armed," be immediately sent
to the relief of the people.
Bertram (ialbraith, writing from Lancaster,
July 14th, says, —
"On Sunday morning last the banks of the Susque-
hanna, from Middletown up to the Blue Mountain,
were entirely clad with the inhabitants of Northum-
berland County, who had moved ofi", as well as many
in the river in boats, canoes and on rafts. This I had
from Captain Abraham Scott, a man of veracity, who
was up at Garber's Mills for his sister, the wife of
Colonel Samuel Hunter, and spake with a lieutenant,
who was in the action at Wyoming. He also seen
six of the wounded men brought down."
Robert Covenhoven (Crownover), describing
the scene near Lewisburgh, says, —
"I took my own family safely to Sunbury, and came
back in a keel-boat to secure my furniture. Just as
I rounded a point above Deri'stown (now Lewisburgh)
I met the whole convoy from all the forts above.
Such a sight I never saw in my life. Boats, canoes,
hog-troughs, rafts hastily made of dry sticks, every
sort of floating article, had been put in requisition,
and were crowded with women, children and plunder.
There were several hundred people in all. Whenever
any obstruction occurred at any shoal or ripple, the
women would leap out into the water and put their
shoulders to the boat or raft, and launch it again into
deep water. The men of the settlement came down
in single file, on each side of the river, to guard the
women and children. The whole convoy arrived
safely at Sunbury, leaving the entire range of farms
along the West Branch to the ravages of the In-
dians." '
iThe account of the "Great Runaway," as well as of some
subsequent affairs, is taken chiefly from John Blair Linn's
" Annals of the Buffalo Valley."
THE REVOLUTIONARr WAR.
109
Several persons, among them John Michael
Bashor, were killed by the Indians during the
" Great Runaway."
Re(;i:i.ar Ti;oops Marched to thk Pro-
tection OF THE Settlements. — In answer to
Hunter's appeal, Colonel Brodhead and his
regiment, on their march to Fort Pitt, were or-
dered to the West Branch. He was at Fort
Muncy on July 24th, and sent a captain and
twenty-four men down to Penn's Valley to
protect the reapers at General Potter's place.
General Potter writes from Penn's Valley, on
the 25th, " that the inhabitants of the valley
are returned and were cutting their grain. He
left Sunbury last Sunday afternoon, and the
people were returning to all parts of the county.
Yesterday two men of Captain Finley's com-
pany, of Colonel Brodhead's regiment, went out
from this place on the plains a little below my
fields, and met a part}' of Indians, five in num-
ber, M'hom they engaged. One of the soldiers,
Thomas Van Doran, was shot dead; the other,
Jacob Shedacre, ran about four hundred yards
and was pursued by one of the Indians. They
attacked each other with their knives and our
excellent soldier killed his antagonist. His
fate was hard, for another Indian came up and
shot him." The general estimated the loss in-
flicted on the coimty by the " great runaway "
at forty thousaud pounds.
Colonel Thomas Hartley, Mith a small force
of men, was also ordered to the Susquehanna,
and on August 1st was in command at Sun-
bury with his regulars and two hundred mili-
tia. On the 8th he was at Muncy, Colonel
Brodhead's regiment having resumed their
march to Fort Pitt. Colonel Hartley seems
to have been in command of all the troops, and
offered it to General Potter, who declined the
honor and responsibility. Much fault had been
found with Colonel Hunter's management of
the militia at the time of the " great runaway,"
and he evidently did not wish to place himself
in a position where he would be subjected to
similar obloquy.
Lieutenant Carothers, who was at Carlisle,
sent sixty men up to the Kishacoquillas and
neighboring valleys, and they remained there a
considerable time.
Murdering, pillaging and burning went on
in the West Branch Valley and adjoining re-
gions, in spite of the presence of troops.
Death of James and John Brady. — On
August 8th the brave James Brady was killed
above Loyal Sock. Colonel Hartley relates
the circumstance as follows, —
" A corporal and four men of his regiment, with
three militia, were ordered to guard fourteen reapers
and cradlers who went to cut the grain of Peter
Smith, who had his wife and four children killed by
the Indians. On Friday they cut the greater part
and intended to complete the work next morning.
Four of the reapers improperly moved oft' that night.
The rest went to work — the cradlers, four in number,
by themselves, near the house ; the reapers somewhat
distant. The reapers, except Brady, placed their
guns around a tree. Brady thought this wrong and
put his at some distance from the rest. The morning
was very foggy, and an hour after sunrise the sentry
and reapers were surprised by a number of Indians,
under cover of the fog. The sentry retired towards
the reapers, and they in turn fell back. Brady ran
towards his rifle and \yas pursued by three Indians,
and, within a few rods of it, was wounded. He rai)
for some distance and then fell. He received another
wound with a spear, and was tomahawked and
scalped in an instant. The sentry fired, but was shot
down, as also a militia-man. Young Brady, who is
an exceeding fine young fellow, soon after rose and
came to the house. Jerome Vanuess ventured to re-
main with him ; the others fled. There were thirty
Indians, supposed to be Mingoes. Brady wanted
Vanness to leave him, but he would not do it. He
assisted him to the river, where he drank a great dea]
of water. Captain Walker and a party came up from.
the fort at Muncy. ^\'hen they approached, Brady,
supposing them to be Indians, sprang to his feet and
cocked his gun. They made a bier and carried him
to Sunbury, where his mother then was. Robert
Covenhoven was one of the party. On the way he
became delirious and drank large quantities of water.
It was late at night when they got there and they did
not intend to rouse his mother. But she had fears
that something had happened and met them at the
river. He was a fearful-looking object and the meet-
ing with his mother was heart-rending. He lived five
days, the first four being delirious; but on the fifth
his reason returned and he related tlie whole circum-
stance distinctly. He said that Bald Eagle (after-
wards killed by his brother Samuel on the Allegheny)
was of the Indian party." '
' James Brady was the second son of Captain John and
Mary Brady, and was born at Shippensburg. his eUler
brother being the famous Captain Samuel Brady, the In-
dian scout and woodsmau, whose services were, peviiaps.
110
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The force on tliis part of the frontier now
consisted of one hundred men of Colonel Hart-
ley's regiment, two hundred and twenty of Lan-
caster County militia, one hundred and seventy
of Berks County, one hundred of Northum-
berland militia and seventy of Captain James
Murray's, making nearly seven hundred men, —
a quite eifective force, distributed to the best
advantage by Colonel Hartley.
In September, 1778, Colonel Hartley planned
an expedition up the North Branch, and to
Tioga (now Athens, Bradford County). It left
Muncy on the 21st, two hundred rank and file
strong, at four a.m., with twelve days' provi-
sions. Great rains, swamps, mountains and de-
■ files impeded the march. They waded or swam
the Lycoming Creek twenty times. On the
morning of the '26th the advance party of nine-
teen men met an equal number of Indians, had the
first fire, and an important Indian chief was
killed and scalped ; the rest fled. A few miles
farther they came upon a camp where seventy
Indians lay the night before. These also fled.
They then pressed on to Tioga. They burned
Tioga, Queen Esther's Town. On the 28th they
crossed the river and marched towards Wyaln-
sing, where they arrived at eleven o'clock that
night. Here seventy of the men took to the
canoes and the rest marched by land. Lieu-
tenant Sweeney commanded the rear-guard of
thirty men, besides five scouts under Captain
Campleton. The advance guard consisted of
an officer and fifteen men. At two o'clock a
heavy attack was made on the rear, which gave
way. At this critical moment Captains Boone
and Brady and Lieutenant King, with a few
brave fellows, landed from the canoes, joined
Sweeney and renewed the action. They advanced
on the enemy on all sides, with great noise and
of more value than those of any other one man of his use-
ful class. Of James Brady, his brother, General Hugli
Brady, said : '' He was a remarkable man. Nature had
done much for him. His person was fine. He lacked but
a quarter of an inch of six feet, and his mind was as well
finished as his person. 1 have ever placed him by the
side of Jonathan, son of Saul, for beauty of person and
nobleness of soul, ami, like him, befell by the hands of the
Philistines." James Brady was buried at Foil Augusta,
but his grave has long since been plowed over and no man
knows his sepulchre.
shouting, when the Indians fled, leaving their
dead (ten). The expedition arrived at Sun-
bury on the 5th of October, having performed a
circuit of three hundred miles and brought off
fifty head of cattle, twenty-eight canoes, etc'
This expedition did not, however, awe the
Indians, for, by November 9th, they had come
down, invested Wyoming and destroyed the
settlements on the North Branch as far as Nes-
copeck. The same fall murders were committed
at Fort Freeland.
Colonel Hunter, in a letter written in Decem-
ber, expresses great regret at Colonel Hartley's
departure. He says he made the very best possible
use of his troops. He comjjlains of the " fore-
stallers" of grain, whom he looks upon as
worse than savages, for raising the price of
grain upon the people.
The year 1779 witnessed no improvement in
the situation of the settlers on the Susquehanna
frontier. On the 11th of April, Captain John
Brady, who, it will be remembered, commanded
a so-called fort bearing his name and located
near the mouth of Muncy Creek, was killed by
the Indians, scarcely a quarter of a mile away
from its protecting walls. It had become
necessary to go up the river some distance to
procure supplies for the fort, and Captain John
Brady, taking with him a wagon-team and
guard, went himself and procured what could
be had. On his return in the afternoon, riding
a fine mare, and within a short distance of the
fort, where the road forked, and being some
distance behind the team and guard, and in con-
versation with a man named Peter Smith, he
recommended Smith not to take the road the
wagon had, but the other, as it was shorter.
They traveled on together, until they came near
a run where the same road joined. Brady ob-
served, ' This would be a good place for In-
dians to secrete themselves.' Smith said ' Yes.'
That instant three rifles cracked and Brady fell.
The mare ran past Smith, who threw himself
on her and was carried in a few .seconds to the
fort. The people in the fort heard the rifles,
and seeing Smith on the mare coming at full
speed, all ran to ask for Captain Brady, his
1 John Blair Linn.
THE REVOLUTIONAKY WAR.
Ill
wife along, or rather before the rest. Smitli
replied, ' In heaven or hell, or on iiis way to
Tioga,' ' meaning that he was either killed or
taken pri.soner. Those in the fort ran to the
spot and found the eaptain lying in the road,
his scalp taken and rifle gone ; but the Indians
iiad been in such haste that they had not taken
his watch or shot-pouch."
Rapine followed throughout the settlements.
Isolated murders and cases of pillaging were al-
most numberless and larger strokes of savage
fury were not infrequent." Several of these
murders occurred at Fort Freeland. By May
so great had become the sense of insecurity
that the greater number of the people of Buf-
falo Valley had left. Colonel Hunter had poor
success in recruiting companies of rangers, as so
' McCabe's account in Blairsville Record.
2 Captain Jolm Brady " was born in tlie State of Delawai-e
in 1733. His father, Hugh, an emigrant from Ireland,
tirst settled in Delaware and then removed within five
miles of Shippensburg, Pennsylvania. John Brady mar-
lied Mary Quigley, and their eldest son, Samuel, was born
in Shippensburg in 1758. He was a surveyor and pioneer
in the settlements, and lived at Standing Stone (now Hun-
tingdon) in 1768, wlien his son. General Hugh, and twin-
sister, Jennie, were born. In 1769 he came over on the
West Branch and settled on what is still the property
of Hon. George Kremer's heirs, opposite Strohecker's
Landing, below Lewisburgh, where he resided until the fall
of 1776, when be removed to a place a little above Muncy
and built upon it. October 14, 1776, he was appointed
captain in the Twelfth Pennsylvania, and was wounded
severely in the battle of Brandy wine." — Limi.
Mary, the widow of Captain John Brady, died October
20, 1783, and is buried in the Lewisburgh cemetery. The
family of John and Mary Brady was as follows : Captain
Samuel Brady, born 1758, at Shippensburg. James Brady,
killed in 1778. John Brady, born 171)1, and known as
sheriff. Mary (married to Captain William Gray, of Sun-
bury), died December 13, 1850. William P. Brady, who
removed to Indiana County, Pennsylvania. He was dep-
uty surveyor in Northumberland County many years. His
son Hugh was a noted aUorney in the western counties
of the State. The latter married a daughter of Evan Rice
Evans, Esq., and their son, the first Brady that ever was
killed in battle, fell at Antietam, in 1862. General Hugh
Brady, who died in Detroit, in 1851. Jennie Brady, a
twin-sister, born 20th July, 1768. Robert, married after-
wards to a daughter of Colonel William Cooke. Hannah.
Liberty, born August 9, 1778. so called as she was the tirst
child born to them after the Declaration of Independence.
She married William Dewart, and died without issue, July
2d.
■^See chapters upon the townships for accounts of nu-
merous murders and massacres.
many of the able-bodied men of the settlements
were preparing to enter the " boat service " [the
convoying of General Sidlivan's commi.ssary up
the North Branch]. By the la-st of June he
had only thirty men, exclusive of tho.se at Fort
Freeland and with General Potter, who was at
Sunbury. By the latter part of July the
troops had all left Sunbury to join General
Sullivan. JVorthumberland Comity was left in
a deplorable condition, \vith no forces but the
militia and fourteen regulars under Captain
Kamplen. Almost every young man on thLs
part of the frontier had engaged in the boat
service, and the country above Muncy was com-
pletely abandoned.
Fall of Fort Freeland. — All things
conspired to give the Indians opportunity Iot a
more than usually eifective blow. It was di-
rected against Fort Freeland, and that strong-
hold was captured upon July 28, 1799. A
number of British officers and soldiers were
with the besieging party, the advance portion of
which made its appearance upon the 21st. The
whole force consisted of about three hundred
men. Colonel Hunter writes upon the 28th, —
"This day, about twelve o'clock, an express ar-
rived from Captain Boone's mill, informing us that
Freeland's Fort was surrounded ; and. immediately
after, another express came, informing us that it was
burned and all the garrison either killed or taken
prisoners ; the party that went from Boone's saw a
number of Indians and some red-coats walking
around the fort, or where it had been. After that,
firing was heard off towards Chillisquaque. Parties
are going off from this town and from Northumber-
land for the relief of the garrison. General Sullivan
would send us no assistance, and our neighboring
counties have lost the virtue they were once possessed
of, otherwise we should have some relief before this.
I write in a confused manner. I am just marching
off, up the West Branch, with a party I have col-
lected."
A few days before the aipture Robert Coven-
hoven went up as far as Ralston (now), where
he discovered Colonel McDonald's partv in
camp. He returned to Foit Muncy (Fort Penn)
and gave the alarm. The women and children
then were put in boats and sent down, under
his charge, to Fort Augusta. He took with
him the families at Fort Meminger, at the
UiOuth of Warrior Run ; but Freeland's Fort
112
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
being four and a half miles distant, they had
no time to wait for the families there, but sent
a messenger to alarm them.
The following account of the fall of Fort Free-
land is given by Mrs. Mary V. Derrickson, born
the year of this calamity, and a daughter of
Cornelius Vincent, one of the occupants of the
fort:'
"... Nothing serious occurred until the 21st
of July, when a party at work in the corn-field
were attacked by Indians, about nine a.m. Isaac
Vincent, Elias Freeland and Jacob Freeland, junior,
were killed ; Benjamin Vincent and Michael Free-
land taken prisoner.-s. Daniel Vincent outran the
Indians, and, leaping a high log fence, escaped. Ben-
jamin Vincent, then only ten years old, hid himself
in a furrow ; he left it to climb a tree and was seen
and.captured. He knew nothing about the fate of
the others until in the afternoon, when an Indian
thrust the bloody scalp of his brother Isaac into his
face. At daybreak, on the 28th, Jacob Freeland.
senior, was shot as he was going out of the gate and
fell inside. The fort was surrounded. There were
twenty-one men in it and very littlejammunition. Mary
Kirk and Phrebe Vincent commenced immediately
and ran all their spoons and plates into bullets.
About nine a flag was raised, and John Lytle and
John Vincent went out to capitulate, but could not
agree, and one half hour was given to consult those
within. It was finally agreed that all who could bear
arms should go as prisoners, the old men, with the
women and children, to be set free and the fort given
to plunder. The latter left the fort at twelve. Not
one ate a bite that day, and not a child was heard to
cry or ask for bread. They reached Northumberland,
eighteen miles distant, that night. Mrs. Kirk put
girl's clothes on her son William, a lad of sixteen,
and he escaped with the women. Elizabeth Vincent
was a cripple and could not walk. Her husband,
John Vincent, went to Captain McDonald and told
him her situation, and asked for the horse the Indians
had taken from his son Peter a week before. He
carried his wife to the lower end of the meadow,
where they lay and saw the fort burned. It rained
hard that night and she lay partly in the water. In
the morning the horse came to them. Vincent
plaited a halter out of the bark of a hickory tree, set
his wife on and led it to Northumberland, where
wagons were pressed to take the people down the
country."
Those killed at the fort were James Watt,
John McClintock, William McCluug, James
Miles and Henry Gilfillen. Colonel Hunter's
account says that the firing at Freeland's was
heard at Boone's mill," about seven miles off.
Captains Hawkins Boone, Kemplen and
Daugherty marched with thirty-four men, but
were met by the Indians in large force before
they reached the fort. Captain Kemplen, who
observed the first Indian, shot him dead. The
men behaved with great bravery, but were over-
powered and fifteen were killed and two
wounded. Among the dead were Captain
Boone and Captain Samuel Daugherty.
This engagement took place at McCluug's
place, above Milton. William Miles, who was
taken prisoner at the fort, and afterwards re-
sided in Erie County, said that, in Canada,
Captain McDonald spoke ih the highest terms
of the desperate bravery of Hawkins Boone.*
His scalp, with that of Daugherty, was brought
into Fort Freeland.^
Of Boone's party, Samuel Brady (uncle of
Captain Samuel), James Dougherty and James
Hammond, made their escape. Of those made
captives in this party, as well as those at the
fort, nearly all ultimately returned.'^ Colonel
Hunter, writing to General Potter several years
•It is here taken from Linn's "Annals of the BufTiilo
Valley."
2 This mill was on Muddy Run, six hundred yards from
its mouth, the site of what is now Kemmerer's mill, two
Diiles above Milton.
^ Linn
* Boone came originally from Exeter, Berks County, and
w.as a cousin of the celebrated Daniel Boone, of Kentucky.
Hia grandfiither, George Boone, had a large family of sons :
William, Joseph, James, Benjamin, John, Hezekiah, Squire
and Josiah Boone. Hawkins was a son of Squire, who
moved to North Cai-olina in 1752. Hawkins was a sur-
veyor and lived on the place, just above New Columbia, now
owned by Samuel Gemberling. He owned, also, the Jacob
Rees place, northwest of the latter place, the Earnest Book
tract, etc. He was commissioned a captain in the Twelfth
Pennsylvania Regiment, and selected to accompany a de-
tachment of riflemen from the regiment, sent under Mor-
gan to Saratoga. In a return of Morgan's command, dated
at Lowdon's Ferry, on the Mohawk, September 3, 1777, he
is marked "absent; wounded." In February, 1779, the
State Council allowed him clothes out of the State stores,
"in consideration of his situation and spirited intrepidity
of his conduct in the campaign under Colonel Hartley,
when his situation might have justified him in remaining
at home." He left a widow, Jane, and two daughters.
Some years after his death his widow married a Mr.
Fortenbaugh and moved to Halifax, Dauphin County,
where she resided many years.
^ Meginness' ''West Branch Valley," p. 257, el seq.
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
113
after the affair at Fort Freoland, gave a list of
the meu taken prisoners there, as follows :
"Captain's company, John Neely, sergeant; George
Baily, George Arniitage, Aaron Martin (died at Fort
Cliambly, January 8, 1780), Thomas Smith, Isaac
Wilson and John Forney. The following persons be-
ing those of the militia that enrolled themselves for
the defense of the garrison : John Lytle, adjutant;
Cornelius Vincent, quartermaster ; sergeant, Samuel
Gould; Henry Townley, Peter Williams, Isaac Wil-
liams, Elias Williams, Henry GilfiUan, James Dur-
ham, Daniel Vincent, John Watts, William Miles,
John Dough, Thomas Taggart (died 16th January,
1780) ; Francis Watts made his escape on the same
day he was taken ; Peter Vincent likewise made his
escape the same day."
Fifty-two women and children and four old
men were permitted by Captain McDonald to
depart for Sunbury.
Colonel Kelly went over with a party from
the Buffalo Valley and buried the dead at the
fort.
Great consternation prevailed throughout the
region after the capture of Fort Freeland ; the
inhabitants fled, and the road down to Fort
Augusta was again thronged with terrified wo-
men and children. The Indians and British
retreated toward the Tioga. They had un-
doubtedly intended to attack Fort Augusta, and
were only deterred from their purpose, iu all
probability, by meeting Boone's party, and ap-
prehending that it was the advance detachment
of a larger one.
Preparations were made as quickly as possi-
ble to follow the enemy, partly for the purpose
of recovering some of the cattle, as they had
driven off all they could find. On the od of
August, Captain (or Colonel) Matthew Smith
arrived at Sunbury, with sixty " Paxton Boys,"
and was joined by detachments from other re-
gions, in all numbering five hundred. They
marched for IMuncy, but the enemy had retired
far into the wilderness, beyond reach of all pur-
suit. General Sullivan had now commenced
his march into their country, and his destruc-
tion of their towns, which they abandoned as
thev flew before him, as leaves of the forest fiy
before a gale of wind, so disconcerted them that
for a year or so only a few predatory bands
came down upon the branches of the Suscpie-
hanna. They were temporarily dispersed, and
never fully recovered from the blow given them
by Sullivan.
Nevertheless, grave fears were felt by the ex-
perienced men in authority. In old Xortliuni-
berland, William ^laclay, writing to President
Reed, of the Executive Council, April 2, 17 HO,
says, —
" I will not trouble you with the distress of this
county. It will, no doubt, be jjainted to the Council
in lively colors, and, indeed, the picture cannot be
overcharged ; nor should I, at this time, write to you
but for a strong belief and persuasion that a body of
Indians are lodged about the head of Fishing and
Muncy creek. They were with us to the very begin-
ning of the deep snow last year ; they are with us now
before that snow is quite gone. Many of our hunters
who went up late last fall into that country
were so alarmed with the constant reportof guns, which
they could not believe to be those of white men, that
they returned suddenly back. We are not strong
enough to spare men to examine this country and
dislodge them. The German regiment are under
their own officers, and, for my part, I expect no ser-
vice from them. I ca,nnot help uttering a wish that
what troops we have might be all Pennsylvanians. .
. . Help us if you can, and much oblige a dis-
tressed country."
Colonel Samuel Hunter writes ou the same
day,—
" The savages have made their appearance ou the
frontiers in a hostile manner. Day before yesterday
they took seven or eight prisoners about two miles
above Fort Jenkins, and two days before they carried
off several people from about Wyoming. The Ger-
man regiment that is stationed here is no ways ade-
quate to grant us the necessary' relief The case ia
quite altered from this time twelve months ago. We
then had a pretty good garrison at Muncy, Brady's
fort, Freeland's, with our own inhabitants. Jsow we
have but forty or fifty at Montgomery's, and thirty at
Fort Jenkins. ... I have seen the time within
three years that we could turn out some hundred of
good woodsmen, but the country is quite drained of
our best men."
April 8th the Indians made a descent on
WHiite Deer Creek; on May IGth, attacked
"French Jacob's" (Jacob Grosboug's) Mills, in
Buffalo Valley, killing a number of people, and
on July 14th committed murdei-s at the mouth
of Buffalo Creek.'
Colonel Kelly was still active in the defense
of the frontier, and an old pay-roll found
' See local chapters.
114
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
among liis papers shows who were his follow-
ers in the summer of 1780 :
"A pay-roll of my company in the first battalion,
Northumberland county militia, commencing l(5th of
July, 1780. Enrolled July 16, 1783. Discharged
August 15.
" Colonel : John Kelly.
" Captain : James Thompson.
" Lieutenant : Joseph Poak.
" Ensign : Alexander Ewing.
" William Black, Thomas Black, Joseph Brindage,
Hance Fleming, Joseph Green, James Hamersley,
Jonathan Iddings, John Poak, Thomas Poak, James
Smith Poak, Hugh Rodman, Peter Wilson, John Wil-
son, John Young.''
Tories and Tory Schemes. — During the
early years of the Revolution the settlers on
the frontier in these parts of Cumberland and
Northumberland Counties which are now Mif-
flin, Juniata, Perry, Snyder and Union, had
not only to suffer the general apprehension
which filled the whole country, and the e.special
and intense anxiety and distress which their
savage enemies caused, but they were also in
great fear of internal dissension — of a social
enemy in their very midst — the Tories.
The earliest mention of a Tory within the limits
of the territory of which this work treats occurs
in 1776, and applies to that region of Cumber-
laud County which is now Perry, in the form of
an affidavit against Edwin Erwin, charging lan-
guage inimical to the cause of the colonists,
viz. :
" Cumberland County, ss. :
" Before me, George Robinson, one of His Majesty's
Justices for said county, personally appeared Clefton
Bowen, who, being examined and sworn, doth depose
and say : that some time in the month of Januaiy last,
he, this deponent, was in the house of John Mont-
gomery, in Tyrone township, in company with a cer-
tain Edward Erwin, of Rye township, and this
deponent says he then and there heard said Erwin
drink damnation and confusion to the Continental
Congress, and damn their proceedings, saying they
were all a parcel of damned rebels, and against spring
would be cut off like a parcel of snowbirds, and more
such stuff.
"Sworn and subscribed before George Robinson,
19th February, 1776. " Clefton Bowen."
In Northumberland County, in the spring of
1777, the Committee of Safety, " in consequence
of sundry accounts from different parts of the
county of a dangerous plot being on foot by
some of our enemies to bring on an Indian
war, and in particular by an intercepted letter,
wrote by a certain Nicholas Pickard, directed
to a certain John Pickard, at the house of Cas-
par Read, in Peun's township, with all speed, a
cojjy of which was transmitted to us by Na-
thaniel Landon, of Wyoming, and is now before
this committee," commanded Captain Espy
to bring before them those two men — John and
Nicholas Pickard. The former took the oath
of allegiance, in the following form :
" I do swear to be true to the United States of
America, and do renounce and disclaim all allegiance
to the King of Great Britain, and promise that I will
not, either directly or indirectly, speak or act any-
thing in prejudice to the cause or safely of the
States, or lift arms against them, or be any way as-
sistant to their declared enemies, in any case, what-
soever. So help me God."
Nicholas Pickard, the writer of the letter in
question, on being examined, Avas ulianimoiisly
believed by the committee " to be an enemy to
the States," and was sent under guard to the
Supreme Executive Council, " to be dealt with
as their superior judgments shall direct them in
this case."
By far the greatest scare over the Tories was
in the Juniata region of our territory, and will
presently be related. The following, upon the
laws relating to treason in the Revolutionary
period, and the incidents just alluded to, is by
a student of the subject ; '
"The act of February 11, 1777, defined treason and
misprision of treason, and provided for the conviction
and punishment of these crimes. Under this Act
Thomas Kerr, of Lack township, Tuscarora valley,
was found guilty at a trial in the court at Carlisle in
October, 1778. He seems at the time to have been
one of the leading farmers in that region.
"The Council of Safety, which was a kind of spon-
taneous revolutionary body combining the functions
of governor, legislature and court, as early as Octo-
ber 21. 1777, selected the three gentlemen hereafter
named, for Cumberland County, to seize the property
of traitors and make reports to the Council.'
"The Act 'of March 6, 1778, provided the most
stringent measures against the Tories; and the Su-
preme Executive Council was given great power in
confiscating the estates of those who adhered to Great
Britain, and for the appointment of Agents through-
' Prof. A. L. Guss.
2 Col. Rec. xi. 330.
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
115
out the State to report guilty and suspected persons.
Under this Act George Stephenson, John Boggs and
Joseph Brady became 'Agents for Forfeited Estates,'
May 6. 1778, and Alexander McGechan, a year later,
for Cumberhmd County. In a proclamation by the
Supreme E.xecutive Council, dated October 30, 1778,
it is stated that John Campbell, William Campbell,
James Little, Edward Gibbons and James De Long,
yeomen, all now or late of Amberson Valley ; and
Andrew Smith and Robert Nixon, yeomen, both now
or late of the township of Lack; and Joseph King,
yeoman, and William ^Vright, dyer, both now or late
of the township of Path Valley; and Dominick Mc-
Neal and John Stiliwell, yeomen, both now or late of
the township of Tuscarora; all now or late of the
county of Cumberland; and Richard Weston, yeo-
man, now or late of the township of Frankstown; and
Jacob Hare, Michael Hare and Samuel Barrow, yeo-
men, all now or late of the township of Barree ; all
now or late of the county of Bedford ; beside many
others, have severally adhered to and knowingly and
willingly aided and assisted the enemies of this State
and of the United States of America by having joined
their armies within this State. It was provided that
unless they surrendered themselves for trial, they
should, after the 15th day of December next, stand
and be attainted of High Treason, to all intents and
purposes, and shall suffer such paius and penalties,
and undergo all such forfeitures as persons attainted
of High Treason ought to do.'
"In a letter from George Stephenson,^ dated at
Carlisle, December 10, 1779, he says: 'I do not find
mentioned the names of Six Men, who left this
County some time after the British Army got Posses-
sion of the City of Philadelphia, and joined them
there; soon after my Appointment as an Agent, I
wrote to his Excellency, Thomas AVharton, Esq'r., all
I knew concerning those Men; as this was about two
Years ago, and before the Act of Assembly for the
Attainder of Traitors was made, 'tis jirobable my
Letter might have been mislaid or forgot, or I may
not have seen their Proscription; their names are
Alexander McDonald, Kennet McKinzie and Edward
Erwin, all of Rye township. Farmers ; also William
Simpson, William McPherson, blacksmiths, and Hugh
Gwin, labourer. Single Men, all of Tyrone Township.
Thomas McCahan, of Tuscarora Valley, went off, af-
terwards, to New York, as I am informed ; he was an
unmarried Man, rented out his Farm, and I think he
ought to be proscribed.'
"It has been said that the Scotch-Irish 'was, per-
haps, the only race of all that settled in the Western
world that never produced one Tory." No doubt.
' Col. Rec. vol. xi 610.
■■^ Pa. Arch., N. S. vol. iii. 337.
3 .1. Smith Futhey, West Chester, in Pa. Mag., vol. i.
p. 286.
they were generally very patriotic; but, like other
people, there were exceptions among them also.
" In the spring of 1778, there was formed one of
the most depraved and dastardly conspiracies that
ever disgraced this region of the country. The plan
was to gather a large force of Tories and Indians at
Kittanning, then cross the mountain, and at Burgoon's
Gap divide, one party to march through the Cove and
the Cumberland Valley, the other to follow the
Juniata Valley, and form a junction at Lancaster,
killing all the inhabitants on their march. The
Tories were to have for their share in this wholesale
massacre all the fine farms on the routes and the
movable property was to be divided among the
Indians. The leaders of this conspiracy were Cap-
tain John Weston, living above Water Street, the
headquarters and starting-point of the expedition
being at his house; Jacob Hare, living at Mapleton ;
a man named McKee from Amberson Valley. The
company numbered thirty-one members. "When
near the Indian town they halted, and Weston and
Hare proceeded with a flag to inform the savages of
their arrival. The Indians were pleased, but exer-
cising that caution for which they are ever noted,
proceeded to meet the rest of the company and escort
them to the town, having mounted a few of th^ir
warriors on horse-back with cocked guns, and placing
Weston and Hare in the advance. McKee and his
men, instead of meeting them without arms in their
hands, as military courtesy among the Indians re-
quired, rose with guns in their hands and made a
salutation with a forward quickstep. The Indians,
supposing by this movement that they had been
betrayed by spies, shot and scalped Weston and fled
to the town. Hare and his comrades fled in great
alarm and in destitution made haste to reach the
Juniata region, which had thus been providentially
saved from the savage and brutal allies. This con-
spiracy extended from Path, through Amberson and
Tuscarora Valleys, and up the Juniata Valley into
Sinking Valley. The houses of favored families in
this region were to be saved by the display of a Tory
flag. Some of the good ladies helped to keep the
secret by advising their neighbors to display the token
of safety. Thus the secret was disclosed and the
settlers everywhere gathered to watch the mountain
gaps for the expected invaders. They came not as
defiant leaders escorting bloodthirsty savages, but as
scattered, half-starved and broken-hearted. Some
escaped to the eastern counties, some were captured
and taken to Bedford, and some to Carlisle and
placed in jail. Lieutenant Hare, in his flight to the
lower counties, stopped for the night three miles from
Concord, in Path Valley. The news soon spread,
and the neighbors gathered, when, after various
methods of punishment were proposed, William
Darlington, taking a case-knife with a hacked blade,
executed the sentence by sawing oflTboth of his ears
close to his head. It is probable that all in the first
116
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
list above given were in this Kittanning expedition,
as among tlie few names composing this party which
have come down to us are Samuel Barrow, John and
William Campbell and James Little. There was
also in the party one James or John Armstrong, of
Tuscarora Valley. It was stated by Richard, a
brother of John Weston, that when Weston was
shot, McKee (or McGee) pulled a letter out of his
pocket which he had got from an English officer in
the jail at Carlisle, and with this letter waved a
handkerchief, crying ' peace, peace, brothers,' but
the savages ran away without giving it any attention.
There was at this period and for sometime afterwards
a vague dread in the public mind that a Tory force
would make its appearance at some unguarded point
and in an unexpected moment; but they soon learned,
much to their relief, that these fears were ground-
less." '
Last Years op the War. — Eeverting to
the condition of the frontier, we find that there
Avere a number of murders committed and
several people taken captive during the last
half of 1780, in spite of the punishment in-
flicted upon the Indians by Sullivan's and sev-
eral smaller e.xpeditions. In September, Gen-
eral Potter marched a body of one hundred
and seventy men up to Fort Schwartz ;uk1 then
went up to Colonel Kelly, who lay at the mouth
of White Deer Creek.
Early in 1781, Captain James Thompson
was taken prisoner while going from the site
of Lewisburgh to Colonel Kelly's, but subse-
quently made his escape. Captain Thomas
1 Of this aifiiir the following cotemporary account was
given in a letter from Colonel John Piper to the Supreme
Executive Council, dated May 4, 1778 :
"An affiiir of the most alarming nature Iihs just hap-
pened in this vicinity, which I could not think myself
justifiable in not communicating to the Honourable the
Supreme Executive Council of the State. A number of
evil-minded Persons, thirty-five in number, I think, hav-
ing actually associated together and Marched to the Indian
Country in order to Join the Indians and conduct them
into the Inhahitancy, and thus united, to kill, burn and
Destroy men, women and children. They came upon a
Body of Indians, and conferring with them, they, the In-
dians, suspecting some Design of the white People, on
which one of the Indians shot one Weston, who was a
ringleader of the Tories, and scalped him before the rest,
and immediately the rest fled and dispersed. A very con-
siilerable number of the well-affected InhaWtants having,
as soon as their combination and March was known, pur-
sued them and met five of them, and brought them under
a strong Guard to the County Gaol. They confessed their
Crime and intention of destroying both men and Property."
Campleton (sometimes spelled Kemplin and
Kempling) and his son were killed in March,
and about the same time several persons were
taken prisoners and marched away into the
great northern A\ilderness. General Potter, in
a letter of April 12th, says, —
" I have just maid a visite to difrent parts of the
frunteers, who I find in great disstress, numbers of
them flying for their lives. At this early season of
the year the enemy has maid five different strookes on
our frunteers since the 22nd of March."
He adds that Captain Robinson (Thomas)
has got forty men enlisted, "but many of them
are so naked for want of all kinds of clothing
that they cannot do duty. They have not a
blanket among them all." Following is the
roster of the ranging company referred to :''
Captain: Thomas Robinson, February 10, 1781.
Lieutenant: Moses Van Cam pen, February 10,1781.
Sergeants : William Doyle, Ebenezer Green (dead),
Edward Lee, Jonathan Bey.
Privates.
John Adams.
Jas. Bennett (Banett).
Conrad Bessel.
Claudius Boatman.
Jonathan Burnmell.
James Busier.
Henry Carton (dead).
Conrad Cutherman.
James Dougherty.
Ephraim Dunbar.
John Fox.
Ebenezer Green.
Leonard Groninger.
Charles Haines.
Adam Hempleman.
James Henderson.
Joshua Knapp.
Michael Lamb.
William McGrady.
William Miller.
Adam Neible.
Jonathan Pray.
John Shilling.
William Snell.
Richard Stewart.
Francis Varhelet.
John Wallace (dead).
Thomas Wilkinson.
This company had a sharp engagement with
the Indians at Bald Eagle Creek.
During the year the detachments of Peter
Grove and Samuel McGrady were also on duty.
They were composed as follows :
Lieutenant: Peter Grove.
Sergeants: William Clark, Matthew AVilson.
Privates: John Trester, Nicholas Lamberson, John
Rough, Uriah Barber, Jacob Trester, John Shock,
Paul Fisher, George Bower, Matthew Bradley,
Daniel Bower, Jacob Houser, William Harriott,
Michael Grove.
Lieutenant: Samuel McGrady.
Sergeants: Samuel Montgomery, Daniel Armstrong.
' Penn. Archives, Second Series, vol. xi. p. 744-745.
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
117
Privates: Robert Love, Ephraim Daraugh, Flem-
ing, Samuel Fulton, William Marshall, Joseph
Ly kens, John Misener, George Clark, Daniel Rees,
William Speddy, Pollock.
The First Battalion of Nortlinmberland County
militia, commauded by Colonel John Kelly, had
at this time a strength, rank and file, of over
four hundred, di.stributed in the following com-
panies :
Captain John Foster, numbering, officers and pri-
vates, fifty-five men.
Captain James Thompson, numbering, officers and
privates, forty-four men.
Captain George Overmeier, numbering, officers and
privates, fifty-one men.
Captain Samuel Fisher, numbering, officers and pri-
vates, fifty-five men.
Captain Samuel Young, numbering, officers and pri-
vates, fifty-one men.
Captain Abraham Piatt, numbering, officers and pri-
vates, fifty-three men.
Captain William Irvine, numbering, officers and pri-
vates, fifty-three men.
Captain William Gray, numbering, officers and pri-
vates, forty-four men.
The capture of the Emerick family, and
atrocious murder of its head, David Emerick,
was one of the most startling events of the year.
Various outrages followed, and they were kept
up until winter set in, when, as usual, the In-
dians retired to their permanent towns, deep in
the wilderness. They began their incursions
again early in the .spring of 1782. A number
of Captain Overmeier's men, who were out upon
a scout, were met by a party of Indians, Alay
6th, in what is now Limestone township, and
two of them were killed.
Major John Lee and other members of his
family, John Walker, a Mrs. Boatman and
daughters, were killed a few miles above Suubury,
in August, and several more were taken captive.
The Indian band which made this descent, about
sixty or seventy in number, were pursued by Col-
o^nel Hunterandaforce of men, but escaped their
vengeance. Some minor atrocities occurred at in-
tervals later in 1782, and during 1783,' but by the
closeof thelatteryear the people generally had re-
turned to the West Branch and all the northern
' For these and various other outrages by tlie Indians,
see the township histories, especially in Union and Snyder
townships.
and western region of old Northumberland,
\vhich had so hjng been at the mercy of a steal-
thy, savage enemy — the almost constant scene of
pillage and burning and blood.
Upon the 19th of October, 1781, Cornwallis'
forces — seven thousand two hundred and forty-
seven British and Hessian soldiers — surrendered
at Yorktown, and by a swift courier the news
was borne to Congress at Philadelphia, the mes-
senger arriving there on the evening of tlie
23d ; and the sentinels, when they called the
hour of the night — "ten o' the cltxik and all is
well " — added, " and CornwaMis in taken." This
news, which spread rapidly through Pennsyl-
vania and the other colonies, brought the long-
suftering inhabitants to a realization that they
were at last, even if an impoverished, an inde-
pendent people. Though the armies remained
for some time iu the field, the war had really
ended. Preliminary articles of peace were
agreed to between Great Britain and the Con-
federation of Colonies Novemlier .30, 1782, and
the definitive treaty was concluded at Paris
upon the 3d of September, 1783.
Thus closed the Revolution, but upon the
frontier its auimositias and asperities died sul-
lenly and slowly away, like the last, lingering
reverberations of thunder in the passing of a
mighty storm. Peace came at last— like the
warm sunshine after long and dreary winter —
and with it began a new life through all of the
great interior of Pennsylvania.
Gexeijal Xote. — Following are brief notes
upon Revolutionary soldiers, who, either before
or after the struggle, lived within the five
counties which are the province of this work,
and who are either omitted from, or inade-
quately mentioned in, the text of the foregoing
chapter :
Michael Reig.il resided in Mifflin County in 1835,
aged eighty-four; was in the "German Regiment,"
Continental Line.
Adam Specbt was in the German Regiment from
1776 to 1779. He was discharged at Northumber-
land. He died at New Berlin, Union County,
October 4, 1824.
William Martin was in the Second Troop of the
First Partisan Legion, January 26. 17S1, to Novem-
ber 15, 1783, and prior to that in the Third Peiinsyl-
118
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
vania. He resided iu Milford township, Mifflin
County, in 1813.
Benjamin Lyon, captain in First Pennsylvania —
Colonel Edward Hands — promoted from lieutenant
December 8, 1778; resigned May 1779, on account of
ill health. In 1835 he was living in Mifflin County,
aged eighty-two.
Samuel Wharton, who was a private in the Second
Pennsylvania of the Continental Line, 1777-81,
died in Mifflin County, August 18, 1823, aged eighty-
one years.
Robert Vernon, who was also in the Second Penn-
sylvania Regiment, Continental Line ; resided in
Mifflin County in 1809. He was wounded iu the right
arm at the battle of Monmouth.
George Martin was drafted into Morgan's Rifle
command. He was wounded at Saratoga, October,
1777, and was subsequently in the Twelfth Pennsyl-
vania. Continental Line. In 1786 he was living in
the Buffalo Valley, Union County. He died March
10, 1816.
Joseph Cunningham, who was living in Lack
Township, Mifflin County,in 1817, went into the Third
Pennsylvania as a private, and was promoted to ser-
geant June 1, 1777, and discharged January 17,
1781.
John McMullen, who lived in Mifflin County after
the war, and died there January 3, 1832, aged eighty-
one, was in the Second Battalion, and after January 1,
1777, in the Third Regiment. He was in the battles
of Germantown and Monmouth, and the storming of
Stony Point; was captured with thirty-three others
at Newark, and was a prisoner nine months and ten
days. He rejoined the company of Thomas Butler,
and then marched south with the company of Captain
Henderson. He was present at the surrender of
Cornwallis.
William McMullen, who was also in the Third
Regiment, was living in Mifflin County in 1835, aged
eighty-four.
Daniel Sallada, another soldier of the Third Regi-
ment, was living in Mifflin County in 1835, aged
ninety-six.
Daniel Davis, who,in 1818, was livinginLewistown,
Mifflin County, was in the Fifth Regiment; wounded
at Brandywine, taken prisoner, exchanged and dis-
charged.
Henry Hoover, living in Mifflin County in 1812,
was in Captain Christie's company of the Fifth Regi-
ment. He was wounded at Germantown, and dis-
charged January 20, 1781.
John Kernor was out with Captain Nagel's com-
pany, Thompson's Rifles, and re-enlisted in Captain
Moser's company. Sixth Pennsylvania. He was
wounded in 1777, and discharged in 1781. He died
in LTnion County, June 22, 1829, aged eighty-nine.
James Boveard, of Kilgore's company. Eighth
Regiment, 1776-79, died in 1808 in EastBuflfalo town-
ship, Union County.
REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS RESIDING IN UNION
COUNTY IN 1820.'
Jonathan Brown had served three years as a private
in Captain Elijah Humphrey's company. Colonel
William Douglas' regiment, and was sixty-two years
old.
Joseph Britton enlisted at John Stetler's tavern, in
Limerick township, Montgomery County, in the
spring of 1776, in Captain Caleb North's company, of
Colonel Anthony Wayne's regiment. Britton was,
in 1820, seventy-one years old, a farmer, and had a
wife and two daughters.
Dewalt Billman, aged sixty-seven, enlisted at Read-
ing in Captain Jacob Bowers' company.
Daniel Burd, seventy-five years old, enlisted at Am-
boy, Cidonel James Treddle's regiment; served five
years, nine months, except three months when he was
at home sick. He was wounded in the left thigh at
Battle Hill, with two musket-balls.
George Bower, of White Deer. Pressed in the fall of
1777 as teamster; had charge of an ammunition
wagon at Valley Forge. Drafted in June, 1778;
arrived on the field of Monmouth as the battle was
closing. He received a sword-cut on the knee from
a British soldier who lay in ambush by the road.
McDonald Campbell served in Captain John Con-
way's company. Colonel William AVind's New Jersey
regiment thirteen months. Re-enlisted in Colonel
John Conway's regiment and served nine months,
and then was detailed by General Green as his ex-
press rider, and remained such during the war. Was
a filer in Captains Conway's and Furman's companies.
He married a widow Valentine, who had two children,
— Jesse, aged thirteen ; Jane, aged ten. His children
by her were Isaac Wilson Campbell, Sally Walls, Al-
meda, Eleanor and Elizabeth.
Anthony Carney, blacksmith. Hartley, enlisted in
Orange County, North Carolina ; served three years.
He was sixty-seven iu 1820, and had no family except
his wife, Catherine.
Peter Clemmens, private in Captain Stake's com-
pany, Colonel Butler's regiment, and served two
years. He left a daughter, Elizabeth. His wile,
Elizabeth, died in 1820.
John Campbell (still living in West Buffalo, 1838,
and then eighty-three years old) was drafted into the
militia from Derry township, Lancaster County, in
1776; served under Captain Robert McKee; arrived at
Trenton the day after the capture of the Hessian?,
and went thence to Morristown. In the latter part
of 1777 he was again drafted, and went to Trenton.
His third tour was at the close of the war, in a com-
pany commanded by Lieutenant James Laird. They
lay at Chestnut Hill awhile. Campbell moved to
Buffalo Valley iu 1777; lived on Captain Gray's farm
one year ; then moved to another farm of the captain's
near James Dale's. He lived there seven years ; then
1 From Linn's " Annals of the Buffalo Valley."
THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.
119
moved near Buffalo Mouutain, then into West Buffalo,
where he died.
John Cook, private iu Captain Herbert's company,
from Womelsdorf, who was taken prisoner at the sur-
render of Fort Washington, exchanged and appointed
ensign in the Twelfth, Colonel Cooke's. He was un-
married and childless iu 1820, seventy-eight years
old.
George Coryell wa.s a native of Hunterdon County,
New Jersey; was born at Coryell's Ferry, on the Del-
aware River (now Lambertville), on the 28lh of April,
1761. He entered the army in Captain Craig's com-
pany of dragoons in 1776, just alter the taking of the
Hessians, and before the cannonade at Trenton, on
the 2d of January, 1777. His company marched up
the creek and was at the battle at Princeton. He
was a year with Captain Craig. He was afterwards
drafted into a company of dragoons under Lieutenant
Reading, in which he served one year. He was after-
wards drafted into the company of Captain Palmer, in
which he continued until the fall of 1780. He was
only sixteen years of age when he enlisted. George
Coryell w-as married in 1790 to a sister of Richard
Van Buskirk, of Mifflinburg, and moved in 1793 to
the premises of Samuel Maclay, in Buffalo township.
He was a carpenter by trade, and built many houses
in Buffalo Valley. Coryell was adjutant of Colonel
George Weirick's regiment, at Marcus Hook, in 1814.
He removed to Lycoming County once ; then back to
Buffalo Valley ; then to White Deer Valley ; thence
to Butler County (Ohio), near Hamilton, where he
died, 1837-38. His wife soon followed him to the
grave. He had four sons — Tunison, John, Joseph R.
and Abraham — of whom Tunison, the eldest, and
Abraham, the youngest, alone, survive.
Christian Derr, West Buffalo, aged, in 1820, seventy-
two. Enlisted at Reading, in Captain Nagle's com-
pany. Colonel Thompson's regiment, and served one
year; re-enlisted in November, 1776, in Captain
Moore's company, Colonel Humpton's regiment, and
served in the battle of King's Bridge, 11th January,
1777, Brandywine and Germantown. In the last ac-
tion he was wounded, had several ribs broken, and
was, therefore, discharged. He had eleven children.
He had three balls in his body, which he carried to
his grave. His children were Ellis Derr, Mifflinburg;
Samuel, Uniontown ; Henry, Schellsburg, Bedford
County; Susan, married to Jesse Egbert, afterwards
David Kline, of Hartley; Polly, to Jones, of
Sugar Valley ; Elizabeth, to William Kepner, moved
to Venango; John, Oley township, Berks; Catherine,
to Henry Barrich ; Christian, Jr., who died in
Spring township. Centre County, in 1852. His chil-
dren live in and about Bellefonte: Daniel; Rachel,
married to William Young; William, iu Benezet;
Christian and Solomon, in Bellefonte.
Christian Ewig, aged sixty, enlisted at Sunbury, in
Captain Weitzel's company, Colonel Miles' regiment,
in April, 1776; served one year, nine months; theu re-
enlisted at Sunbury in Captain James Wilson's Fir.st
Pennsylvania, Colonel James Chambers, in v hich he
served until the close of the war. A wheelwright by
trade.
George Kerstetter, blacksmith, Washington town-
ship, aged sixty-four. Served four years in Captain
Burkhart's company. Colonel Hunsecker's regiment,
Children: Jacob and Dorothy. Wife's name was
Elizabeth.
John Linn, aged sixty-five, enlisted in the winter
of 1778, at Lanciister, in Third Troop, Captain Eras-
mus Gill, Fourth Regiment, Pennsylvania Cavalry,
Colonel Stephen Moylan. Discharged in October,
1783. Had five children, — Roliert Bruce, born May
21, 1806; Altha, January 15, 1808; James Smith,
October 20, 1811; Eliza, June 4, 1814; Mary Jane,
November 23, 1816. Weaver by trade.
George Lennox, private. Captain Bankson's com-
pany, Colonel Stewart's regiment. ■
Elias Reger, enlisted in May. 1775, Captain George
Nagle's company, Colonel Thompson, First Rifle Reg-
iment. In the siege of Boston. Discharged at Long
Island, June, 1776. Cooper by trade. Seventy-seven
years old.
Philip Rorabaugh, Buffalo township, served three
months in Pennsylvania Line, Captain Slaymaker's
company, Colonel Bull's regiment, while the army lay
at Valley Forge. Served also in the campaign of
1794, known as the AVhisky Insurrection, and three
months in Captain John Bergstresser's company, at
Marcus Hook, in 1814. This hero of three wars died
February 3, 1837, aged eighty-six, and is buried in
Lewisburgh German grave-yard.
Daniel Swesey died in White Deer, 31st January
1836, leaving a widow, Mary.
Timothy Strickland, carpenter, Lewisburgh, en-
listed in 1776, in Berkshire County, Massachusetts,
Captain Bacon's company Colonel Porter's regiment,
and served therein one year. Re-enlisted in Septem-
ber, 1777, in Captain Mill's company, New York State
Line, and was honorably discharged after three years'
service. Aged, in May, 1824, seventy-three, but very
much crippled. He had four sons (Samuel was a
soldier of 1814). His grandchildren reside still iu
Lewisburgh ; Cyrus, a grandson, in Bellefonte.
Adam Smith was a teamster during the Revolution.
He settled ui)on the place now owned by Jacob Kun-
kle, above Henry Mertz's. He died there and was
buried at the Dreisbach grave-yard. His sons were
Adam, George, Michael and J' hn, and a daugiiter,
married to Michael Maize, another to Steffy Touch-
man.
Michael Yiesely, aged sixty-seven, enlisted in Au-
gust, 1776, in Captain B. Weiser's company, in Col-
onel Haussegger's regiment. Served during the war,
and was discharged in 1783. He had a wife and five
children — Henry, Catherine, George, Elizabeth and
Maria.
120
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The following is a list of the soldiers of the
Revolutiou iu Juniata County in 1840 (pen-
sioners) :
Jacob Wise, aged eighty-three, Mifflintown.
George Uhiaiii, aged eighty-three. Walker.
Mary Cox, aged ninety-three, Greenwood.
Lawrence Koon, aged eighty-two. Greenwood.
Frederick Keller, aged eighty-three. Greenwood.
Thomas Burchfield, aged eighty-five, Fayette.
John Bell, aged eighty-eight, Fayette.
Emanuel Ebbs, aged one hundred and six, Fayette.
James Leviney, aged one hundred and four, Fay-
ette.
John Middaugh, aged eighty-one, Turbett.
William Patton, aged eighty-two, Turbett.
Sarah Nicholson, aged eighty-seven, Tuscarora.
David Hackendorn, aged seventy-seven, Tuscarora.
John l^emon aged seventy-two, Lack.
SOLDIERS OF THE REVOLUTION IN PERKY COUNTY.
Englehart Wormley, of Tyrone township, died on
the 28th of August, 1827. He participated in the
disastrous battle of Long Island, and the subsequent
engagements which followed. He was never injured
during his term of service.
Andrew Burd, of Greenwood township, entered the
army as a fifer-boy when but fourteen years old, and
served the faithful seven, being discharged when he
had just attained his majority.
Benjamin Bonsall, Sr., of Greenwood township,
died in 1845, aged eighty-nine years. He served in
the militia during the " freezing and starving" win-
ter at Valley Forge.
Thomas Brown, of Tyrone township, was a Rev-
olutionary soldier, and so thoroughly imbued with
love of his country that he made provision in his
will for the reading of the Declaration of Independ-
ence over his open grave, after which a minister was
to pray for him and his beloved country.
Edward Donnelly, of Buckwheat Valley, Tuscarora
towship, served in the militia.
Alexander Gaily, of Penn township, died in Cove
Valley on the 13th of November, 1842, aged one hun-
dred and two years. He served in the Revolutionary
army.
Andrew Lynch, of Tuscarora township, served in
the Revolutionary army, but of what date or length
of term, whether volunteer or militia, we could not
learn.
Benjamin Essick, of Liverpool township, died at
the advanced age of ninety -three. He served in the
militia.
David Focbt was a Revolutionary soldier, and one
of the first settlers iu western Perry County. He lived
in Jackson township.
William Heim, the father of Rev. John William
Heira. removed from Mahanoy township, Northum-
berland County, to Jackson township. Perry County,
in 1815, where he died on the 2d of March, 1856. He
was the last surviving hero of the Revolution living
in the county. He died aged ninety-five, and his
funeral was attended by one hundred and fifty riders on
horseback. Mr. Heim is said to have been able to re-
late many incidents of the contests in which he was
engaged, but they were never written, and have now
passed into that history which no living recollection
can recall. He asked the national government to
reward his services, but being unable to furnish other
evidence than the existence of his name on the roll of
his company, he never received the pension to which
he was justly entitled. The State recognized his ser-
vices by a small yearly annuity.
There were from Watts township (then Greenwood),
in the Revolutionary army, John Buchanan, whose
descendants are now living in the townships of Green-
wood and Liverpool ; Robert Moody, Mr. Montz, Mr.
Philips, William Rodgers and William Philips.
These men were all distinguished for their patriotism,
but of their achievements in the sanguinary struggle
which gave us a nation, no detailed account can be
gathered.
William Patterson served in the patriot army one
year. He lived in that part of Duncannon known as
Petersburg. It was then scarcely a village of Rye
township. Mr. Patterson remembered the Tories
mustering on Young's Hill.
Peter Kipp served seven years as a soldier in the
American army. He returned home after Cornwallis
surrendered at Yorktown, and lived for many years
afterward iu Buffalo township.
George Albright, one of the first settlers of Buck's
Valley, shouldered his musket at the breaking out of
the war, and went forth to serve his country as a sol-
dier, while his wife, with a servant-girl and several
small boys, did the farming.
CHAPTER V.
THE FIVE COUNTIES IN THE WAR OF 1S12— TROOPS
IN THE NIAGARA AND CHESAPEAKE CAMPA1U>S.
War was not formally declared against Great
Britain by President Madison until June 18,
1812, but in Pennsylvania, as in nearly all of the
Eastern States, his action was anticipated by the
various executives, and in this commonwealth
strong measures were resorted to for placing the
militia in a serviceable condition as soon as the
first issuance of fetleral authority warranted it.
The President having, in conformity to an act of
Congress, required a draft of fourteen thousand
men as the quota of Pennsylvania, energetic
THE WAR OF 1812.
121
and patriotic Governor Snyder issusd his first
general order, which was also a most spirited
appeal, for the furtiierance of that end, on May
12, 1812.
In Northnmberland County, which then in-
cluded the territory now in Union and Snyder,
drafting from tiie militia was proposed as early
as June 4th, and a meeting was held for that
purpose. Jared Irwin's eomj)any was formed
prior to August 20th, and by September 7th
over three hundred enlisted men left INIilton to
join General Dearborn's volunteers and drafted
men. They had orders to march to Meadville,
and there was great consternation in the valley
about their going away, the people having fears
that their own region might in time be the scene
of hostilities — an apprehension which, fortun-
ately, was never realized. It is noted in Roan's
journal that more volunteers were upon the
march upon September 10th, and that upon the
20th three hundred of them passed through
Lcwisl)urgh.
In Miftlin County, which is the only one of
the five counties treated in this volume which
was in existence at the beginning of the war,
the people were as early and as patriotically
astir as in old Northumberland, or any other
portion of the commonwealth. MiiHin, with
Huntingdon and Centre Counties, formed the
Eleventh Militia District, the quota of which
under the first call for fourteen thousand men,
was six hundred and eighty-six. Within this
district at least one company of militia — belong-
ing principally to Huntingdon County — had
voted to tender their services to the President as
early as May 4, 1812, and subsequently marched
to Buftalo. In the mean time other companies,
belonging more exclusively to that part of the
division which was ■within our territory, — Mif-
flin County, — had perfected their organizations
and were ready for the field.
In the Juniata Gazette (published at Lewis-
town) of September 11, 1812, we find the fol-
lowing call :
"The members of Captain Millikin's Troop of Horse
are requested to meet at the house of Alexander
Reed on Saturday, the 19th inst. All those persons
desirous of serving their country are earnestly in-
vited to come forward and join the troop."
This company went to Meadville, and thence
to Buffalo, with the other companies first organ-
ized in what are now Mifflin, Juniata, Perry,
Union and Snyder Counties. It is to be regret-
ted that no roster of its men has been pre-
served.
That portion of jNIifflin which is now Juniata
County had also been quick to respond to Gov-
ernor Snyder's call, as appears from an item in
the same issue of the Juniata Gazette from
which we have already quoted. The item is
dated Miffliutown, September 8, 1812, and
reads, —
"This place witnessed this day a spectacle at once
novel, pleasing and honorable to our country. The
rifle company commanded by Captain John McGar-
ry/ composed of upwards of fifty youths of vigour
and activity, well armed and handsomely equipped,
and of respectable parentage. After attending divine
service, performed in the most solemn and impressive
manner by the Rev. J. Hutchinson and Rev. T. Smith,
marched on their way to Meadville, amidst the reit-
erated acclamations, of several hundreds of fellow-
citizens and relatives of every age and sex from all
parts of the county below the Narrows. They were
escorted by Captain Christy's troop of light dragoons,
who were succeeded by a train of citizens more than
a mile long, in double tiles, horse and foot. It ivas
truly a proud day for Mifflin County, and the most
sanguine expectations are entertained of the valour
and patriotism of our young men.
"A second rifle company is now forming here and,
from the ardour of the volunteers, it is supposed will
be ready to take the field in a month. The subscrip-
tion is expected to be filled this week. Go thou and
do likewise."
In the same issue of the Gazette is found the
following :
" Lewistown, September 9th. — Yesterday the
Thompsontown Patriotic Blues were met in the Long
Narrows by a number of the citizens of this place
and conducted to this town, amidst the firing of can-
non and the reiterated applause of the citizens.
Every house was open to them. Each heart seemed
to vie with the other in entertaining those youthful
soldiers. The next morning they continued their
march, accompanied by Captain Milliken's Troop of
Horse, the officers of the militia in uniform, and a
number of patriotic citizens. At the end of the town
lane they halted, and Brigadier-General Doty de-
livered a patriotic and animating address. On arriv-
ing at Mrs. Cottle's and Mr. Thompson's, an elegant
' McGarry's compnny was in the First Brigade of the
Eleventh Division (ol the Slate). He had fifty-nine men.
122
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
dinner was prepared for them by the citizens, and
after dining and bidding a grateful farewell, they pro-
ceeded across the mountains. We understand they
are to be joined at Potter's Mill by a company from
Aaronsburg, and will then proceed directly to Mead-
ville."!
Reverting to Northumberland County, we
find that Captain John Donaldson s company of
militia, of Colonel Snyder's regiment, and Cap-
tain Ner Middleswarth's, of the Eighth Rifle-
men, Colonel James Irwin, were among the
troops that marched to Buffalo to take part in
the Niagara campaign (though not so early or-
ganized as those heretofore mentioned), and
were on duty from September 25th to November
24, 1812. These are the only ones of the mili-
tia organizations marching from this region in
the first year of the Avar of which rosters have
beau preserved. Donaldson's company con-
tained many men from the territory now in
Union and Snyder Counties. Following is
the roll :
Captain : John Donaldson.
Lieutenants: Aaron Chaniberlin, John Hall.
Sergeants : John McFadden, Abel Johnston, .Jacob
Eilert, Henry Cimibrt.
Corporals : Jacob Alsbach, Samuel Jones.
Fifer : Michael Dennis.
Drummer : Robert Parks.
Prioaies.
Christopher Auple.
James Barbin.
Francis Barklow.
Robert Black.
Joseph Bower.
Uriah Chaniberlin.
Uriah Clements.
William Cornelius.
Jonathan Cozier.
Jacob Culbertson.
Thomas Curtis.
Samuel Frederick.
Peter Frederick.
Jacob Frederick.
Jacob Frock.
John Forster.
William Forster.
William Forster, Jr.
John Gibson.
John Gile.
John Glover.
Robert H. Gray.
Benjamin Harman.
James HofT.
Francis Hollinshead.
George Jodon.
William Johnston.
Benjamin Jones.
John Kelly.
Philip Kimple.
Daniel Kline.
Jacob Klingaman.
John Klingamnn.
George Kliuganiau.
Peter Klingaman.
David Linn.
Samuel Lytle.
William Lytle.
John McGinnes.
John McKinley.
James McKinley.
John McGee.
' No roster of these companies appears in the Pennsylvania
Archives, nor is elsewhere obtainable. I
Peter Martin.
Daniel Meekert.
Jonathan Mies.
Thomas Miller.
Henry Miller.
Daniel Nelson.
William Norman.
John Parks.
John Pearson.
John Rearick.
Henry Reeder.
Henry Reininger.
Michael Renner.
Henry Renner.
Christopher Seebold.
Samuel Shaw.
John SI ear.
Peter Snook.
Frederick Stine.
Peter Struble.
Henry Struble.
Jacob Stuttlebach.
Samuel Thompson.
John Turner.
William Vanhorn.
John Walker.
George Wartz.
Benjamin Weaver.
Henry Weikel.
John Wise.
John Wright.
David Zimmerman.
Following is the roster of Captain Ner Mid-
dleswarth's company (September 25th to Novem-
ber 24, 1812), heretofore referred to :
Captain : Ner Middleswarth.
Lieutenants : Thomas Youngman and John Kline.
Sergeants : George Wise, George Zigler, Daniel De-
vore and Daniel Schwartz.
Corporals: Adam Neihood, Henry Bremenger, Adam
Heater and John McNade.
Bugler : George Huick.
Privates.
George Baker.
John Bong.
Peter Bristol.
Henry Brunner.
John Clements.
Andrew Devore.
George Devore.
Daniel Doebler.
Benjamin Etzler.
Simon Fete.
Henry Frock.
Jacob Frock.
Benjamin Frock.
David Harbster.
David Hassinger.
Jacob Hassinger.
John Heter.
Andrew Hammer.
George Hummel.
John Kaler.
Samuel Krebs.
Peter Layer.
David Layer.
William Love.
Peter Lowder.
Michael Lowder.
Henry Mook.
George Moyer.
Jacob Nerhood.
Leonard Peter.
Timothy Shay.
Thomas Stewart.
Peter Stock.
Melchoir Stock.
It will be borne in mind that the military
operations upon the Niagara frontier during
the summer and autumn of 1812, though ac-
tive, were indecisive. General Van Rensselaer,
having become disgusted with the conduct of
the Now York militia at Qucenstown and else-
Avhere, resigned his command and was succeeded
by General Alexander Sniyth, of Virginia.
The Pennsylvania militia became worse dis-
gusted with the officer commanding them
THE WAR OP 1812.
123
than Van Ri'ussulaer had with tlie men under
him, and ahnost every man of them mutinied.
Smyth was charged on all sides with cowardice
and disloyalty, and after three months was de-
posed from his command. In the mean time
nearly all of the Pennsylvania volunteers had
returned to their homes in straggling bands,
the first as early as December 8th. Roan
Clark, writing to George Kremer, December
14th, says, — •
" You will think it strange to hear that all of our
volunteers have returned home. They give different
accounts of the proceedings at Black Rock, but all
say that they came off without being discharged, and
all agree that General Smytlie has acted the part of a
traitor." '
The Juniata Gazette of December 25, 1812,
announces the return (unhurt!) of all of the
troops which had marched from Mifflin County
to Meadvilie and Buffiilo.
In 1813 there was a temporary lull in the
war feeling in the region which is the especial
subject of this work, and the theatres of action
being farther removed than in the preceding
year, the keenness of interest abated and few
troops went into the field.
Among the few companies which were re-
cruited this year was Captain JMattiiew Rodgers',
belonging to the regiment of Pennsylvania
militia commanded by Colonel Reese Hill, from
the 5th of May to the 5th of November, 1813.
The company was composed of men from the
region now included in Mitflin and Juniata
Counties (then all Alifllin). Captain Rodgers
lived in what is now AValker township, of
Juniata County.
The following is the "muster roll of Captain
INIatthew Rodgers' company of Pennsylvania
militia, belonging to the regiment of Pennsyl-
vania militia commanded by Colonel Reese
Hill, from the date of entering into the service,
commencing May 5, a.d. 1813, to the 17th of
September, a.d. 1813 :"
Matthew Rodgers, captain.
James Criswell, lieutenant on command at Sandusky.
John McCoy, lieutenant.
Michael Holman, lieutenant ; sick ; present.
'Linu's "Annals of the Buffalo Valley.'
Robert Uric Elliott, ensign; volunteered on b(jarj
fleet, August .5, 1810.
William Butler, sergeant.
Samuel McKillips, sergeant ; sick; present.
James Dunn, sergeant.
Samuel Edmiston, sergeant; on command at San-
dusky.
William Robb, sergeant.
Samuel Crawford, sergeant.
Robert McAllister, corporal.
Richard Fear, corporal ; volunteered on board fleet,
August 9, 1813.
James Rhea, corporal.
Joshua Shields, corporal.
.Jacob Miller, corporal.
William Meloy, corporal.
William Luts,fifer.
Henry Baker, drummer.
Privates.
William Alexander, on command at Sandusky.
James Alexander.
Fielding Alford, volunteered on board fleet, July
26th.
.John Adams, volunteered August 2d.
William Allen, volunteered on fleet, August 9th.
Robert Allison.
James Allison.
Robert Bell.
Joseph Brothers.
Robert Crane, on command at Sandusky.
John Cooper, appointed sergeant-major August l-3th.
John Corkle.
Samuel Curtis.
Andrew Dobbs.
John Dysert.
William P. Elliott. =
George Fisher, on command at Sandusky.
Robert Gooshorn, on command at Sandusky.
John Gustine, on command at Sandusky.
Eln.athan Gregory, enlisted June 23rd.
John Galloway.
Daniel Grassmyer.
Robert Hogg, on command at Sandusky.
William Hogg, on command at Sandusky.
Robert Horrel, enlisted July 9th.
Henry Hoyt, volunteered August 7th.
William Henry, volunteered on board fleet July
26th.
' William P. Elliott, still living at Lewistown, aged
ninety-two years, is the only survivor of all the one hun-
dred and twelve men who enlisted in Captain Kodgers'
company. He was commissioned major by Governor Sny-
der in 1814, and is the only person living who received a
commission under his administration. He is a primer,
and probably the oldest in the United States. The Luris-
toirn Gazette, which he established in 1811, is still in ex-
istence.
124
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Jacob Hazlett.
Thomas Humphrey.
John B. Irwin.
Daniel Jones, appointed artificer May 24th.
William Jenkins.
Thomas Kennedy, sick; present.
Samuel Kennedy.
John Kennedy, enlisted July 9th.
John Krause, sick ; absent.
Thomas Laughlin.
Henry Louenfoss.
Neal Leyman, volunteered on fleet July 27th.
Alexander McDonald, sick; present.
James McDowell.
Francis McConnel.
George McConnell.
Michael McCrum, enlisted June 14th.
Samuel McFadden.
Charles McKiuney, on command at Sandusky.
David May.
James Mayes.
John Marsh, enlisted July 11, 1S13.
Joseph Marshall.
Nathaniel Martin.
William Metlin.
Alexander Metlin, volunteered on fleet August 9th.
William Moss.
Alexander Myers.
James Mitchell, volunteered July 26th.
Daniel Oakeson.
Jacob Piper, on command at Sandusky.
John Pedan.
Kobert Reed.
John Reynolds. •
John Rice, volunteered on board fleet August 10th.
David Ross.
William Roberts.
AVilliam Robison.
James Sims, volunteered on board fleet July 26th.
Adam Senor, enlisted June 23rd.
Henry Scills, sick; present.
David Shimp.
James Stuart, on command at Sandusky.
Valentine Stoneroad.
John Stinson.
Benjamin Swallow.
Daniel Swisher, volunteered July 27th.
Samuel Sweezy, volunteered in fleet August 3rd.
David Sweezy.
William Shuler, volunteered July 26th.
John Thornberg, enlisted June 14th.
Jacob Tool, volunteered July 26th.
Daniel Worley, absent on command.
Robert Work.
" I certify on Honor that this muster-roUe exhibits
a true statement of Captain Matthew Rodgers' com-
pany of Pennsylvania Militia, in the service of the
United States, commanded by Colonel Reese Hill,
for the period therein mentioned, & that the re-
marks set opposite the names of the men are accurate
and just, to the best of my knowledge.
"Matthew Rodger,?, Cap't.
" I hereby certify that the Muster-Roll exhibits a
true statement of Capt. M. R. Co. of Pa. Mil., in the
service of the U. S., commanded by Col. Reese Hill,-
& that the remarks set opposite to the names of the
men are accurate and just, as mustered by me this
17th day of Sept., in the year of our Lord, 1813.
"S. Price, ('apt. L. A. Acting Inspector.
"Camp at Portage River."
There was at least one other company contrili-
uted to the army by Mifflin County in 1813.
It was organized in Januaiy and was command-
ed by Captain Andrew Bratton.'
In 1814 enlistments were far more numerous
in the territory now composing the five
counties which are our special subject than in
the previous year, and a number of companies
took the field during the year, some going to
the Canada frontier and some eastward before
and after the burning of Washington.^ Early
'The Pennsylvania Archives contains no roster of this
company, and the only mention of it occurs in a letter daled
at the oHice of the Secr-etary of the Commonwealth, Har-
risburg, January 2, 1813, and reading as follows :
"To Andrew Bratton, Esq., Captain of a Company of Vol-
unteer Eifiemen, associated in Wayne Township,
Mifflin County, Lewistown.
''Sir: Your letter of the 19th of the last month has
been received by the Governor, who applauds much the
patriotism of the oiiicers and men of your company in
tendering their services as Volunteers at this iniportant
crisis in defence of iheir country's rights, so long violated
by an implacable fge, and he has no doubt of their re.adi-
ness to obey the call of the government whenever their
services shall be lawfully required. At present, however,
there is no requisition uncomplied with on his part. Before
the commissions can be obtained it should appear that
the company has been organized and the officers elected in
conformity with the fourth section of the Militia law,
passed the 9lh day of April, 1807, and the second section
of the supplement act passed the 26lh day of March, 1808 ;
as soon, therefore, as the Brigade Inspector shall have
made a return of the election of the oflScers as duly held,
and it is duly cerlitied to the Governor that the Company
is organized and equipped agieeably to law, the Commis-
sions wUl be issued without delay.
" I am sir, respectfully,
" Your friend and obedient servant,
" James Tkimble."
2 Among the soldiers from Union County who saw
actual service in the War of 1812 was Captain Frederick
Evans (commission dated July 23, 1812), who went from
THE WAR OF 1812.
125
in the year Governor Snyder ordered that a
thousand militia be raised in Pennsylvania to
assist in repelling the British invasion on the
Canada frontier. About one-half of tliis num-
ber was composed of voluuteers from Cumber-
land County, many of them being from the
region now in Perry County ; the residue were
raised principally by draft from the counties of
Franklin, York and Adams. These soldiers
constituted the Eleventh Regiment or Division,
and were commanded by General Porter, and
led by Colonel James Fenton, Lieutenant-Colo-
nel Robert Bull, Majors Galloway and Marlin.
The Cumberland County troojjs were rendez-
voused at Carlisle, from which place they were
marched to Pittsburgh, thence to Black Rock
Fort (now the site of the city of Buffalo), which
place they reached about the 1st of April.
They remained there in camp, engaged in drill
and guard duty, until July 2d, when General
Brown, contrary to the expectation of his offi-
cers, issued orders to embark the troops next
morning at daylight. The author of a "History
of Perry County " ' says of the campaign in
which these troops engaged : The army con-
sisted of two brigades. The First, commanded
by General Scott, with the artillery corps in
charge of Major Hurdman, landed nearly a
mile below, while General Ripley, in command
of the Second Brigade, di.sembarked about the
Penn's Valley, and in the fall of 1814, as a captain in the
Second Regiment of Artillery, was one of the garrison of
Fort McHenry, Baltimore, which the British gave a severe
bombardment, but failed to capture, September 13, 1814.
He assisted in building the fort, and was one of its noble
defenders. He ofien described the scene inside as terrific.
Three bomb-shells struck and exploded inside of the fort,
and he remarked one man shaking as if he had a chill.
He asked to sit under one of the cannon. Evans giive him
permission, when shortly another shell struck inside and
killed him instantly. Another man was killed within
three feet of him. Their coffee i-an out, and they had very
little to eat for three days. He spoke of a woman who
brought water for them. A bomb-shell hitting Iter,
e.xploded, and she was blown to atoms. He brought a
small piece of her dress home with him, the largest part
of her remains that he could find. The fourth shell that
came in was marked "a present from the King of
England." This did not explode. It weighed within two
pounds as much as an ordinary barrel of flour. This he
brought home with him, and it may still be seen at Evans'
mill, in .Juniata County. — Linn.
1 Silas Wright.
same distance above Fort Erie. A battery of
long eighteens was soon planted in j)osition to
command the fort, while a flag was dis-
patched with the demand to surrender in two
hours or the bombardment would be commenced.
At the end of the truce, one hundred and thirty-
seven men, including officers, marched out and
surrendered themselves prisoners of war. Thus
was carried out Generals Brown and Swjtt's
determination to eat their Fourth of July din-
ners in Fort Erie. The day was one of busy
preparation for an aggressive movement against
the enemy's army, which was composed of the
British's supposed invincibles, then encamped
at the mouth of the Chippewa. Before day-
light, however, on the morning of the 5th, it
was ascertained that the three days' rations,
ordered to be supplied to the troops, could not
be furnished until a boat could be dispatched
to Buffalo and return with them. This caused
a delay until two o'clock in the afternoon, be-
fore the army of about three thousand five
hundred were ready to march, and it was four
o'clock before the militia came in sight of the
regular troops who had preceded them.
Scarcely had they halted when there was a
requisition made for volunteers to drive off the
Indians, who had been annoying tlie pickets
by firing upon them from their places of con-
cealment. This was answered by about three
hundred volunteers, composed of officers, who
exchanged their swords for muskets, and private
soldiers from the Eleventh Regiment, strength-
ened by several hundred friendly Indians, com-
manded by General Porter, Colonel Bull and
Major Galloway. An order commanding every
white man who went with General Porter to
leave his hat and go with his head uncovered
was issued before starting. The Indians tied
up their heads with muslin and blackened their
faces by rubbing their hands over burnt stump.s
before starting. Thus equipped, the skirmishei-s
started, and in less than half an hour were en-
gaged in the battle known in history as - Chip-
'•' Lieutenant Samuel Brady, of Northumberland County,
was engaged in the battle of Chippewa, and gave the fol-
lowing account of it in a letter to Captaiu Vincent :
" Camp at Fort Erie, West Canada. Jut;/ 'IS. 181-1.
"Dear Sir: Blood, carnage, death and destruction of
126
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
pewa, during the progress of wliicli Colonel
Bull, Major Galloway, Captain White and a
number of private soldiers were surrounded
by Indians, who, concealed in the high grass,
men are the contents of this painful letter. On the 22d
■we had orders to reduce our baggage, allowing one tent to
ten men and two shirts to e.aeh officer. The surplus was
sent across the Niagara, at Queenstown, where we then
laid, to be sent to Buffalo. On the 24th we marched to
Chippewa. On the 2-5th the enemy appeared on the
heights, near the Falls of Niagara, two miles distant from
our camp. At three o'clock we were Ordered to parade.
At five our brigade, under General Scott, marched out. At
six the action commenced, when, great God ! to tell the de-
tails from that time till ten o'clock at night is impossible.
Could I converse with you for the length of time we were
engaged I could give some idea of it, but lo make an at-
tempt will, doubtless, not be unsatisfactory to you. Our
brigade fought a much superior force under gi-eat disad-
vantages for one hour and a half, and we were completely
cut up, more than half the officers and men being killed
and wounded, when the second brigade, commanded by
General Ripley, came to our assistance. The enemy, at
the same time, received reinforcements, which made the
action again severe. General Kyall and a number of
prisoners were, previous to this, taken by our brigade.
Colonel brady was wounded before we were fifteen minutes
engaged and commanded the regiment till the action was
nearly closed. I assisted him off and on his horse during
the engagement, when he was like to faint from loss of
blood We got possession of the heights and kept them till
■we got off our wounded. The British made three different
charges to gain them, but they were as often beat back.
Our brigaile made three charges, in the last of which we
lost three officers of our (the twenty-second) regiment,
our brave General Scott heading each charge. He was
severely wounded in the shoulder near the close of the ac-
tion. General Brown was also wounded. When we re-
turned from the ground there were, of our regiment, Major
Arrowsmith, myself and thirty privates that marched into
camp. The balance were killed, wounded, missing and in
camp. Colonel Brady can inform you that I was the only
platoon officer of our regiment that kept the ground to the
last and marched in with the men. For the satisfaction of
your friends and yourself, I enclose you a copy of our re-
port of the killed, wounded and missing; likewise the
officers' names who were in the oction. Our wounded are
at Buffalo in good quarters. Let me hear from you.
"I am yours, sincerely,
" Samuel Bu.\dy,
" Twenty-second Infantry.
" Captain Bethuel Vincent.
" N. B. Our total loss in killed, wounded and missing
on that day must have been eight hundred. The British
loss no doubt exceeded that, as General Ryall acknowledged
that they were whipped when he was taken, and we
fought two liours after that and took nineteen British
officers."
had jiermitted the naain body of the troops to
pass, that they might the more safely and
eif'ectually secure the officers. Having disarmed
their prisoners, they next commenced stripping
them of their clothing, one taking a coat,
another a vest, while a third claimed the neck-
cloth. If a shirt .showed a ruffle anywhere, a
fourth claimed it. Major Galloway and Private
Wendt were .stripped of their boots and com-
pelled to march through thorn and other stubble
barefoot, until, in tlie language of the latter,
"their feet were run through and through."
The party had advanced their prisoners but
a short distance until they were halted, and
there was evidently an Indian dissatistied about
something. They started again, and had scarce
gone more than half a mile when the dis.satis-
fied Indian, then in the rear, whooped loudly,
raised his rifle and shot Colonel Bull through
the body. The ball entered the left shoulder
and came out through the right breast. After
he was pierced with the bullet. Colonel Bull
raised himself on his elbow, reached out his
hand to Major Galloway and said, " Help me,
Wendt ; I am shot !" Tiie help implored by
the dying man was prevented by the Indian
who had shot him coming up, sinking his
tomahawk into his head and scalping him.
This act, so contrary to all laws of
human warfare, was no doubt in compliance
with the order of General Riall, which was in
substance not to spare any who wore the uni-
form of militia officers, while tho.se who wore
the regular officer's uniform were to be brought
into camp in safety. To this fact we ascribe
the cruel fate of a brave soldier and good
officer.
His surviving comrades bear te.stimony to
the sober and exemplary habits of C'olonel
Bull. At Erie, it is said, he spent his Sabbaths
in the hospital among the sick, ministering to
their physical Mant.?, or reading and conversing
with them about the truths of religion.
Micliael Donnelly, Esq , volunteered to go
aboard of Perry's fleet, then operating on Lake
Erie, expecting to be gone two or three days at
most, but did not get back to his company until
twenty-eight days after\vard.
The following persons from Perry County
THE WAR OF 1812.
127
were members of Captain David Morcland's
company, mustered in 1814, and rendezvoused
at Carlisle. They belonged to the Fifth Detacii-
ment Peiuisylvania Militia, uuder command of
Colonel James Fenton :
David Moreland, captain ; residence, Jackson town-
ship; mustered out with company ; died in 1870.
First Lieutenant : Robert Thompson.
Second Lieutenant : John Neiper.
Ensign : Amos Cadwallader.
Sergeants : John Steigleman, Richard Rodfjer, Geo.
Slroch.
Corporals : James Adams, John Abercrombie, Se-
bastian Waggoner (missing July 20th), James Rod-
gurs.
Musicians : David Beenis, John Myers.
John Kibler, first seigeant ; residence, Landisburg;
lost in Mexican War.
Peter Evinger, private; residence, Jackson township ;
mustered out with company.
George Gutshall, private ; residence,- Jackson town-
ship; mustered out with company.
Peter Kessler. private ; residence, Toboyne township ;
mustered out with company.
Jacob Gutshall, private ; residence, Toboyne town-
ship ; mustered out with company.
John Garland, private ; residence, Madison town-
ship ; mustered out with company.
Moses Ruggles, private ; residence, Madison town-
ship ; mustered out witli company.
George Robinson, private ; residence, Saville town-
ship ; mustered out with company ; died in
Black Log Valley, 1870.
William Barkley, private; residence, Saville town-
ship; mustered out with company; died in 1859.
John Jacobs, private ; residence, Saville township ;
mustered out with company.
George Strock, private ; residence, Saville township ;
mustered out with company; died in Ohio.
Joseph Strock, private; residence, Saville township;
mustered out with company; died in Ohio.
Jacob Bower, private; residence, Saville township ;
mustered out with company ; died in Saville
township.
D.ivid Kessler, private; residence, Toboyne township ;
mustered out with company ; dead.
William Stump, private; residence, Toboyne town-
ship ; mustered out with company.
William Johnson, private ; residence, Toboyne town-
ship ; mustered out with company.
Adam Kessler, private; residence, Toboyne townsltip ;
mustered out with company.
John Shretfler, private ; residence, Toboyne town-
ship ; mustered out with company.
George Shreffler, private; residence, Tobov'ne town-
ship ; mustered out with company.
Adam Wolf, private ; residence, Tyrone township ;
mustered out with compan)'.
Samuel Ross, private; residence, Tyrone township ;
mustered out with company.
Philip Stambaugh, private ; residence, Tyrone town-
ship ; mustered out with company.
Jacob Sheat'er, private; residence, Tyrone township ;
mustered out with company.
William Sheafer, private ; residence, Tyrone town-
ship ; mustered out with company.
George Disinger, private ; residence, Tyrone town-
ship ; mustered out with company.
Disinger, private; residence, Tyrone township ;
mustered out with company.
Michael Weaver, private ; residence, Toboyne town-
ship.
Peter Otto, private ; residence, Toboyne township.
Jos. Hockenberry, private; residence, Toboyne town-
ship.
Joseph Wilson, private ; residence, Tyrone township ;
mustered out with company.
Robert Welch, private ; residence, Tyrone township ;
mustered out with company.
John Garland, private ; residence, Madison townsliip ;
mustered out witli company.
John Goodlauder, private ; residence, Madison town-
ship ; mustered out with company.
Stroup, private; residence, Madison township;
mustered out with company.
Scott, private ; residence, Liverpool ; mustered
out with company.
Sponenberger, private ; residence, Liverpool ;
mustered out with company.
Richard Stewart, private ; residence, Tyrone town-
ship ; mustered out with company.
John Topley, private ; residence, Landisburg ; mus-
tered out with company.
Dr. Samuel Mealy, private; residence, Millerstown ;
mustered out with company.
Peter Swanger, private; residence, Tyrone township ;
mustered out with company.
George Wolf, private ; residence, Tyrone township ;
mustered out with company.
Comp, private ; residence. Centre township ;
mustered out with company.
Jacob Kiner, private; residence, Tyrone township;
mustered out with company.
The following names are contained in a mus-
ter-roll made out by Captaiu David Moreland,
September 22, 1814, and do not appear in the
above :
Pricateg.
William Askins.
George Bergstresser.
Jacob Bower.
Solomon Bergstresser.
Samuel Bice.
Peter Bower.
George Buck.
Robert Buck.
Frederick Burd.
Joshua Byers.
John Baughman.
Daniel Camp.
Jacob Keiner.
Thomas Clark.
128
JUNIATA ANT) SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Robert Dougherty.
Philip DeckarJ.
Robert Dunbar.
Thomas Dansville.
Moses Ewens.
Daniel Fry.
Joseph Fry (killed July
5th).
Abraham Fry.
Jacob Gillam.
Isaac Gurhard.
John Gallagher.
Henry Hollebough.
John Hoobler.
Matthias Hollebaugh.
Robert Hays.
Joseph Hamaker.
John Hamilton.
Joseph Hackeaberry.
George Irwin.
David Jordan.
Archibald Kennedy.
George Kelsey.
Jacob Kenny.
Jacob Ledech.
John Mores.
Ezekiel McMurray.
Thomas McCoy.
James Morton.
William Miller.
James ISeeper.
Jacob Potter.
Henry Presser.
George Gray.
Robert Rogers.
Henry Ross.
George Shaw.
John Sleighter.
George Shumbaugh.
Samuel Sheets.
Jacob Stambaugh.
William Tate.
Joseph Taylor.
Joseph Wilson.
George Wendt (taken
prisoner July 5th).
Samuel Wilson.
William Wallace.
Abraham Young.
Godfrey Rouse.
John Shrefler.
The following were members of Captain
James Piper's company, mustered in 1814, and
rendezvoused at Carlisle :
Michael Donnelly, private ; residence, Tuscarora
township; mustered out with company; died
1872.
Jacob Hammaker, private; residence, Watts town-
ship ; mustered out with company ; dead.
Daniel Fry, private ; residence. Greenwood township ;
mustered out with company ; dead.
Abraham Fry, private; residence. Greenwood town-
ship ; mustered out with company ; dead.
Joseph Fry, private; residence. Greenwood town-
ship ; killed at Chippewa, July 5, 1814.
George Wendt, private; residence, Liverpool town-
ship ; taken by Indians ; exchanged ; dead.
Frederick Burd, private ; residence. Greenwood town-
ship ; mustered out with company.
John Staily, private ; residence, Liverpool township ;
mustered out with company.
Philip Deckard, private; residence, Buffalo town-
ship ; mustered out with company.
Jacob Potter, private; residence, Buffalo township ;
mustered out with company.
Jacob Liddick, private; residence, Buffalo township;
mustered out with company.
Peter Werner, private ; residence, Buffalo township ;
mustered out with company.
Andrew Hench, private ; residence, Buffalo township;
mustered out with company.
From what is now Perry County, also, in 1814,
went a company of militia, enrolled in two days'
time, when Washington was burned, by Dr. John
G. Creigh, who became its captain. The company
was accepted by Governor Snyder and given the
second post of honor in the Pennsylvania Line.
The only reference found of this company in the
archives is in a letter of James Lamberton to
Governor Simon Snyder, dated Carlisle, Octo-
ber 7, I8I4, in which he says : " Caj)tains John
Creigh and Holbert's company marched to
Philadelphia, and, no doubt, are under your
immediate notice in service, and at the expira-
tion of their time, you will have the goodness to
direct respecting the arms, &c."
The company was enrolled September G, 1814,
and was known as the Landisburg Infimtry
Company. U])on October 2d it was encamped
at Bush Hill. Following is the roster of the
organization, together with the residences, of the
men composing it :
John Creigh, captain ; residence, Tyrone township.
Henry Lightner, first lieutenant; residence, Landis-
burg.
Isaiah Carl, second lieutenant ; residence, Tyrone
township.
George Simons, Sr., private ; residence, Tyrone town-
ship.
Francis Gibson, private ; residence, Landisburg.
Samuel Ickes, private; residence. Spring township.
Jacob Lightner, private ; residence, Landislturg.
George West, private ; residence, Tyrone township.
William Henderson, private; residence, Tyrone town-
ship.
William Wilson, private ; residence, Tyrone town-
ship.
Jacob Ernest, private ; residence, Landisburg.
Nathan Jones, private ; residence, Landisburg.
Samuel Jones, private ; residence, Landisburg.
John Landis, private; residence, Landisburg.
Samuel Landis, private ; residence, Landisburg.
John Mahoney, private ; residence, Landisburg.
Daniel Stambaugh, private; residence, Tyrone town-
ship.
David Carl, private ; residence, Tyrone township.
Benjamin McCracken, private; residence, Tyrone
township.
Philip Smith, private ; residence, Tyrone township.
John Power, private ; residence, Tyrone township.
Alexander Roddy, private; residence, Tyrone town-
ship.
Joseph Marsh, private; residence, Tyrone town-
ship.
THE WAR OF 1812.
129
Barney Whitmer, private ; residence, Tyrone town-
ship.
John Johnson, private ; residence, Saville township.
Benjamin Dunlcelberger, private ; residence, Tyrone
township.
Barnett Sheibley, private ; residence, Tyrone town-
ship.
Daniel Bollinger, private ; residence, Millerstown.
Israel Jennings, private ; residence, Millerstown.
Thompson, first lieutenant ; residence, Jackson
township.
Neeper, ensign ; residence, Tyrone township.
Amos Cadwallader, ensign ; residence, Tyrone town-
ship.
John Curry.
John Dunbar.
John Hippie.
George Dunbar.
Solomon Sheibley.
Stephen Keck.
Michael Foose, fifer.
Jacob Frederick.
Henry Lackey, drummer.
Conrad Holman.
Lynch.
• Sheer.
Zeigler.
Joseph Fullerton.
George Swarner.
UNASSIGNED MEN.
Robert Woodburn, private ; residence, Tyrone town-
ship.
Richard Rodgers, private ; residence, Tyrone town-
ship,
Samuel Myers, private ; residence, Tyrone township.
Adolphus Hall, private ; residence, Landisburg.
Amos Pratt, private ; residence, Landisburg.
E. B. Leonard, private ; residence, Landisburg.
William B. Sponsler, private; residence, Bloom-
field.
From Union County (erected during the
war) at least two full companies were forwarded
to the scenes of operations on the Delaware and
Chesapeake, in 1814, and the same territory
also supplied manj^ recruits to the several com-
panies of Lieutenant-Colonel George Weirick's
detachment.
The Selinsgrove Rifle Volunteers went from
that part of Union which is now Snyder
County. It was commanded by Captain John
Snyder and attached to the battalion of Captain
John Uhle, in the Light Brigade of General
Thomas Cadwallader. Following is a roster of
the company as it stood in the actual service of
9
the United States, at Camp Du[)otit, November
14, 1814:
Captain : John Snyder.
First Lieutenant : Jacob Rhoads.
Second Lieutenant: Anthony C. Selin.
Ensign : George Berkstresscr.
Sergeants : Mathias Thornbaugh, Jacob Shriner,
Isaac Harlon, Philip Graever.
Corporals: John Hausman, Daniel Lebo, William S.
Devine, Conrad Stock.
Privates.
Henry Hilbush.
Henry Bloom.
Henry Hoote.
Henry Keefer.
Henry Botthoff.
John Miller.
John Fillman.
John Hall.
John Ulrick.
John Rhem.
John Kersteler.
James Hays.
James Harlon.
David Fisher.
George Houch.
George Boddory.
George Buckley.
George Weiser.
Benjamin Ulrick.
Samuel Gamberling.
Samuel Haislett.
Solomon Coldron.
James Vandike.
John S. Maus.
John Essick.
William Steel.
William Gougler.
John Sassaman.
Peter Arnold.
Isaac Robison.
Jacob Strayer.
Jacob Vanandey.
Jacob Volburn.
Peter Schlutterbach.
Abraham Shipman.
William Minier.
Thomas Silverwood.
Paul Lebo.
John Rupp.
Christian Wise.
John Lambert.
Samuel Hoey.
Valentine Hair.
Thomas Thursby.
Charles Antee (or
Andy).
Captain Ner Middleswarth's comjiany, the
Union Rifle Volunteers, was also attached to
the Rifle Battalion commanded by Captain John
Uhle, in the Light Brigade, commanded bv
General Thomas Cadwalader, in actual service
at Camp Dupont, October 27, 1814, at which
time its roster was as follows :
Captain ; Ner Middleswarth.
Lieutenants : Isaac Slertz, .lohn Aurand.
Ensign : Daniel Devore.
Sergeants : Jacob Fryer, Daniel Weiser, Frederick
Stees, Jr., George Weikel.
Corporals : Abraham Frederick, Daniel Layer, Albright
Swineford, Jacob Long.
Privates.
Jacob Beitler.
John Bird.
Daniel Bowersox.
Samuel Boyer.
Elias Campbell.
Henry W. Carroll.
George Clemence.
Henrv Dreese.
130
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Asher Ely.
Ludwig Freedley.
Jacob Gilbert.
Jacob Gill.
Robert Gilmore.
Jacob Grubb.
Abraham Kaley.
John Katherman.
Henry Kratzer.
John Kuhns.
Joseph Loehr.
Peter Loehr.
Samuel Martz.
Daniel Miller.
Jacob Miller.
John Mitchell.
George Meyer.
Jacob Moyer.
Henry Shneb.
James Smith.
Melchior Stock.
Jacob Troxell.
Israel Thurston.
John Wakey.
John Wales.
Henry Weirick.
George Wient.
Five companies went from tiie region com-
posed of Northumberland and Union Counties,
in the autumn of 1814, to assi.st in resisting the
British advance up the Delaware, and were .sta-
tioned most of the time until the practical close
of the war at Marcus Hook, below Chester.
These companies, — Henry Miller's, Jacob
Hummel's, Valentine Haas', John Bergstresser's
and William F. Buyer's — constituted the regi-
ment or detachment commanded by Lieutenant-
Colonel George Weirick, Brigadier-General H.
Spearing, First Brigade, Second Division, in
the service of the United States. The roster of
the field and staff and the five companies was as
follows :
FIELD AND STAFF.
Lieutenant-Colonel : George Weirick, September 24,
1814.
Majors: William Taggert and Jacob Lechner, Sep-
tember 24, 1814.
Adjutant : George Coryell, September 24, 1814.
Surgeon : John Y. Kennedy, September 24, 1814.
Surgeon's Mate : Thomas Vanvalzah, September 24,
1814.
Quartermaster: George Clingau, October 31, 1814.
Quartermaster-Sergeant: John Eeehl, November 5th.
Sergeant-Major : Daniel Rohrer, October 5th.
Aid-de-camp to General Spearing : Hugh Maxwell.
Camp, Marcus Hook, November 14, 1814.
CAPTAIN HENRY MILLER'S COMPANY.
Pay-roll of the company of infantry from Union
County, under the command of Captain Henry Mil-
ler, attached to the regiment commanded by Lieuten-
ant-Colonel George Weirick, Marcus Hook, November
10, 1814.
Captain : Henry Miller.
Lieutenant: John McMillan.
Sergeants : Benjamin AVilliams, John Eearick, Philip
Euhle, William Francis.
Corporals: Adam Specht, Foster Wilson, George
Spangler, Richard Robinson.
Privates : George Baker, Peter Baker, John Barber,
Charles Bitting, Conrad Bobb, John Bobb, Rob-
ert Black, George Bossier, Andrew Cooke, George
Coryell (appointed sergeant-major September
26, 1814), Samuel Cosgrove, Ellas Dar, John
Dreisbach, Thomas Dreisbach, Daniel Dunsipe,
Cyrus Egbert, William Eilert, Garrett Farres,
William Forster, George Fought, Jacob
FoughtjConrad Fox, John Fry, Jacob Gearig,
Samuel Gearhart, John Gill, William Gill (dis-
charged October 26, 1814; died at Bellefonte,
November 21, 1876, aged eighty-nine), Peter
Hanius (called Panier), Henry Herger, Henry
Hasenplugh, Samuel Hasenplugh, Abraham
Kleckner, Anthony Kleckner, Isaac Kleckner,
John Maclay (appointed assistant quartermaster-
general October 9, 1814), David Mangel, John
Mayer, John Moyer, William Moyer, William
Myer, John Norman, Francis Phelps, John
Rearick, William Reichly, Henry Ritter, John
Rote, Henry Royer, Michael Saunders, William
Shaffer, Jacob Shaffer, John Smith, Michael
Snyder, George Sleer, Samuel Shaw, Benjamin
Slough, David Stitzer, Christian Spangler, David
Speer, Daniel Spiegelmeyer, Abraham Solomon,
James Thompson, John Weight, Jacob Zimmer-
CAPTAIN JACOB HUMMEL's COMPANY.
Pay-roll of the company of infantry under the com-
mand of Captain Jacob Hummel, attached to the reg-
iment commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel George
Weirick, Marcus Hook, November 10, 1814.
Captain : Jacob Hummel.
Lieutenant: Walter Brady.
Ensign : Francis B. Swartz.
Sergeants: Stephen Baldy, John Eisely, John Ham-
mer, John S. .James.
Corporals: John B. Gordon, John Petery, Jacob Lei-
senring, James Martin.
Privates : John App, John Applegate, John Arm-
strong, John Barnhart, William Bear, Henry
Bestler, John Born, John Buckner, Henry Burn,
John Buyers, John Campbell, Andrew Caruthers,
Daniel Conor, John Crutchley, Daniel Delany,
George Espy, George Forly, Jona. Furman, Dan-
iel Gearhart, Henry Haupt, Jacob Hedrick, John
Housel, Lockwood G. Hoy, Benjamin Huff, Isaac
Hull, Zachariah Lowdon, Joseph McCloughen,
William Mahoney, Griggs Marsh, William Met-
tler, Balser Mirely, David More, Joseph Morgan,
James Morgan, John Masteller, Abraham New-
comer, Peter Overdurf, John Redline, John W.
Renn, Frederick Rinehart, Daniel Ringler,
John Roadarmel, Henry Sterner, Jonathan Stroh,
Christian Wagner, James Warner, Frederick
Weaver, William AVillet, Samuel Willet, Elias
Woodruff, William Woldigan, David Zeluff.
THE WAR OF 1812.
131
CAPTAIN VALENTINE HAAS' COMPANY.
Roll of the company of infantry from Union Coun-
ty, under the command of Captain Valentine Haas,
Seventy-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Militia,
commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel George Weirick,
Marcus Hook, November 10, 1814.
Captain : Valentine Haas.
Lieutenant: Samuel Shedle.
Sergeants : Jacob C. Eckhart, George Hosterman,
Henry Boyer, Andrew Hendricks.
Corporals : John Johnston, Jacob Kleckner, Fred-
erick Richter, David Overmyer.
Privates : Joseph Alter (discharged October 5th), Lo-
renzo Bachman, Isaac Bear, Joseph Berger, An-
thony Berman, George Benfer, Jacob Binckly,
Frederick Bous, Jacob Bosler, Henry Brouse,
Philip Buttenstein, John Clendinin, Ludwig Do-
ebler, Jonathan Derk, John Dofle, Jacob Duke,
George Duke, Barnes Everhard, Philip Everhard,
Benjamin Fetter, John Folk, Joseph Folz, Willis
Gordon, Jonas Gaugher, Henry Grim, Henry
Haas, Daniel Haas, E. Hentricks, Philip Har-
rold, Frederick Hobb, John H. Hummel, Jacob
Jarrett, George Karstetter, John Keely (dis-
charged October 22d), Michael Kesler, Henry
Kreisher, Frederick Kreitzer, John Kuns, Daniel
Miller, Jacob Mowrer, Philip Moyer, Jacob Neitz,
Henry Pontius, William Rettig, John Richen-
bach, John Rusher, Jacob Shedler, Peter Shoe-
maker, Abraham Smith, John Smith, Joseph
Smith, Philip Sold, Henry Spaid, Henry Stahl,
George Stimeling, Peter Stock, Peter Swartz,
George Swartzlender, John Trester, George Wag-
ner, John Weaver, Isaac AVeller, Samuel Wit-
mer, Henry Woodling, Daniel Wool, John Yea-
ger, Adam Yeager, Henry Yeisly, Philip Yerger,
John Yordon, Ludwig Young.
CAPTAIN JOHN BERGSTRESSER'S COMPANY.
Pay-roll Union County company of militia, at-
tached to the regiment commanded by Lieutenant-
Colonel George Weirick, Marcus Hook, November
18, 1814.
Captain : John Bergstresser.
Lieutenant : Thomas Fisher.
Ensign : Henry Noll.
Sergeants : Uriah Silsby, Philip Reedy, Johu Gillas-
py, Daniel Rengler, Samuel Merwine, John Sar-
gint, George Clingan.
Corporals : William Nevyus, John Vartz, Jacob Mc-
Corley, John Lutz.
Privates : Lewis Aikey, James H. Anderson, Benja-
min Baldy, George Bellman, Samuel Bennage,
John Bennett, Abraham Bidleman, William
Bower, George Bower, John Bower, William
Campbell, John Campbell, Joseph Campbell,
Joseph Clarke, Flavel Clark, Francis Clark,
William Clark, John Darraugh, Jonathan Demp-
sey, Ludwig Darsham, Philip Diefenderfer, Jesse
Egburd, Charle.s Flickingner, Peter Frederick,
Jacob Frederick, Samuel Frederick, Jacob Gil-
man, Paul Goodlander, John Huflbrd, Frederick
Heiser (discharged October 2d), William Herren-
don, Joshua Housel, Jacob Hubler, John Irwin,
William Irvin, John Jamison, William Jodun,
Benjamin Jodun, Thoma-s Johnston, John Jones,
J. Koffman, Andrew Kelly (discharged October
28th), Adam Kimmell, D. Kunts, Abram Kline,
George Kline, Peter Lilley (discharged Oc-
tober .Sd), Saml. Lutz, Richard McClure, Richard
McGuire, Hugh McKinley, James McLaughlin,
Daniel Maughamer, James Magee, John Mize-
ner, George Mengel, Peter Mowry, Peter Myers,
Henry Moyer, Michael Quinn, John Rees, Jona-
than Ranck, Christopher Rorabough, Philip Ro-
rabough, Adam Rose, Daniel Shafler, Henry
Shaffer, (substitute for John Hummel), Jonas
Sheckler, Simon Sheckler, Jonathan Smith,
Adam Smith, Richard Steel, David Steel, Daniel
Stoner, Samuel Strickland, Peter Struble, Jacob
Sypher, Henry Vanderhoof, William Vander-
hoof, William Vanhorn, Abram Vanhorn, James
Wallace, John Walters, Nicholas Welch, Gideon
Williamson, Thomas Wilson, Samuel Wilson,
Abraham Young, George Zearphus (Sarphus).
CAPTAIN WILLIAM F. BUYERS' COMPANY.
Roll of the Northumberland County Blues, volun-
teer company, attached to the regiment under the com-
mand of Lieutenant-Colonel George Weirick, Marcus
Hook, November 10, 1814.
Captain : William F. Buyers.
Lieutenants : Thomas S. Jenkins, Samuel H. Scott.
Ensign: John Hepburn.
Corporal : John Reehl.
Sergeants: Samuel H. Wilson, Joseph T. Wallis,
A. M. Sweeney.
Fifer : William Armor.
Drummer: Samuel DeLong.
Privates: Jacob Armstrong, David Black, Thomas
Bonham, George P. Buyers, William Cameron,
Robert Campbell, Edward Chapman, William
Cooke, Adam Cook, .Toseph B. Cramer, Abram
Cramer, Henry Dale, William Dieus, James S.
Dougal, Charles Frazier, William Gale, Mact
Grant, Thomas Grant, junior, (discharged Octo-
ber 23d), William M. Grant, William Gray,
Thomas Harris, Isaac Hendershot, Jacob Hopfer,
Joseph Huffman, William Jones, Jeremiah Jones,
William Latherland, William Layton, Daniel
Lebo, Robert Lyon, Jeremiah Lyon, Isaac Mc-
Cord, John McPherson, John Martin, Charles
Maus, James Oliphant, George Prune, John
Quinn, Henry Reininger, Theodore J. Rockele,
Johu Ross, William Watson, John Weisner,
George Weitzel, Samuel Wilson.
" Jacob Armstrong, John Martin, Robert Campbell
and William Dieus, drafts in Captain Hummel'scom-
132
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
pany, joined my company on 29th. They have been
in service the same time our company has.
" William P. Buyers,
" Captain Northumberland County Blues."
CHAPTER VI.
THE MEXICAN WAR.
Promineace of Mifflin County — Slietcli of the .Juniata
Guards — Other Troops from Mifflin, Perry and Union
Counties.
Of all the five counties embraced iu this his-
tory, Mifflin took the most prominent part in
the Mexican War of 1846-48 ; and this was not
alone through the number of the men who went
forth from her boundaries, but largely because
of the character of some of them and the posi-
tion to which they arose.
Mifflin contributed to the service of the
United States, in this war, one full company —
the Juniata Guards, under Captain William Ir-
win— and a majority of the Wajiie Guards,
Captain Caldwell, as well as a considerable
number of volunteers, who, singly or by twos
or threes, entered other organizations.
Of the other counties, Perry contributed
nearly a full company, of which Michael
Steever was lieutenant ; and Union County sup-
plied only a few scattering recruits.
Actual hostilities between the Republic of
Mexico and the United States commenced in
May, 1846. The first battles in this war were
fought on the 8th and 9th of that month, and
are known in history as the battles of Palo Alto
and Resaca de la Palma. The capture and oc-
cupation of Matamoras, and the advancement
upon and battle of Monterey, speedily fol-
lowed. These battles and victories of our
army, commanded by General Zachariah Tay-
lor, created an extraordinary excitement and a
patriotic fervor throughotit the country. Volun-
teer organizations all over the country, north
and south, east and west, were offering their
services to the government. In these patriotic
manifestations Pennsylvania was largely repre-
sented. Two regiments, known as the First
and Second Pennsylvania Volunteer Regiments,
were organized, commanded by Colonels Wyn-
koop and Roberts, and were despatched to the
seat of war, leaving scores of companies at
home that had volunteered to go, and amongst
these were the Washington Guards, of Mc-
Veytown, the Lewistown Guards and Lewistown
Artillerists,- all of Mifflin County. As these
regiments passed through the county, by canal-
boat, on their way to Mexico, quite a number
of individuals joined them from the towns and
villages in the county. J. H. Ro.ss, William
Stackpole, George W. Hesser, L. Bymaster,
Jacob Hoseywantle, from McVeytown, joined
themselves to the First Regiment, and served to
the end of the war. Dr. John C. Reynolds, of
the same place, was appointed surgeon of this
regiment and Daniel M. Dull the sutler. J. H.
Ross is the only one of these soldiers that sur-
vives, and is now the worthy State Senator
representing York County.
At a later period a company of volunteers,
called the Wayne Guards, headed by Captain
James Caldwell (mortally wounded at Belon
Gareta, September 1.3, 1847) and Dr. Charles
Bower, joined by Lieutenant A. McKamey and
Lieutenant I. A. Doyle, with many others with
them from Huntingdon County, was accepted
by the government, together with Captain S. M.
Taylor's company, from Bedford ; and these
two companies were added to the Second Penn-
sylvania Regiment, making this a regiment of
twelve companies ; and these two companies
had the good fortune to arrive at Vera Cruz
just in time to advance into the interior of
Mexico, with the reinforcements under General
Franklin Pierce, and joined their regiment at
the city of Puebla the evening before General
Scott made his grand movement in his advance
upon the city of Mexico. Peter Kerns, of Lew-
istown, enlisted in the regular army, and was
wounded at Cliapultepec.
STORY OF THE JUNIATA GUARDS, OF >IIFFLIN
COUNTY.
The old volunteer organizations having
failed in being accepted, the belief was enter-
tained that a new company, gotten up. for the
special purpose of engaging in the war, might
be more fortunate, and this idea gave rise to ef-
THE MEXICAN WAR.
133
forts that resulted in the formation of the Juni-
ata Guards, raised in Lewistown and McVey-
town, of wliich Wm. H. Irwin was made
captain and Thomas F. McCoy first lieutenant.
About this time it was learned that the govern-
ment would not accept for the service any more
volunteei's, but would increase the army by the
passage of a law by Congress to add ten new
regiments to the regular army. This was done,
and these two officers, repairing to Washington,
waited upon the Pr(!sident of the United States
{Mr. Polk), and were promptly appointed of-
ficers in the regular army, — Williaai H. Irwin
captain, and Thomas F. McCoy, first lieutenant
in the Eleventh United States Infantry. This
was in the month of February, 1847. When
these officers appeared, clothed in the uniform
and with the authority of regular army officers,
and called upon the Juniata Guards to enlist in
the service for the war with Mexico, a large
number of them failed to respond, alleging that
they were pledged to enter the volunteer, not
the regular army. Of the twenty young men
who had pledged themselves at McVeytown,
not one failed to promptly enter the service. A
recruiting rendezvous was opened at Lewistown,
and in thirty days the required comjilemeut of
brave men was secured. Lieutenant McCoy
spent a few days at Potter's Bank and Belle-
fonte, in Centre County, enlisting sixteen re-
cruits, which completed the company. The
company, while being recruited, formed part of
the funeral escort at the burial, in Lewistown,
of tlie mortal remains of Lieutenant James S.
Woods, late of the Regiment United
States army, who was killed whilst gallantly
leading his company in the battle of Monterey,
on the 21st day of September, 1846. He had
previously distinguished himself in the battles
of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. Being
a young man, born and raised in Lewistown
until he entered the academy at West Point,
and a son of the Rev. James S. Woods, D.D.,
his death excited the greatest interest, sorrow
and sadness. A public meeting was held, and
a committee appointed to go to the battle-field
at Monterey, Mexico, disinter his remains from
the strange and inh(ispitable land in which he
fell, gallantly defending the flag of his country.
and have them deposited in his own cherished
land and in his own native valley. Dr. T.
Howard Vanvalzah and Colonel I. A. Banks
composed the committee appointed for this pur-
pose, who discharged the duty imposed upon
them to the satisfaction of the public.
At a crowded meeting in the Methodist
Church on the evening befoi'e the company left
for the seat of war, the ladies of Lewistown
presented each member of the company with a
copy of the Bible. The Rev. James S. Woods,
D.D., made the presentation address on behalf
of the ladies, and Captain Irwin responded on
behalf of the company.
On the 2.5th day of March, 1847, the com-
pany took its departure from Lewistown for the
seat of war. The speediest mode of transpor-
tation at this date was by boat on the Pennsyl-
vania Canal, jJropelled by mule-power on the
towing-path. A very large assemblage of the
people of the county was present on this very
interesting and exciting occasion. The follow-
ing account of the scene was published at the
time :
"The Juniata Guards. — They are gone. It
only remains for us to regret their departure, to sym-
pathize with them and their friends whom they have
left behind, and to wish them well on their journey
to a distant clime. The day was delightful, and na-
ture seemed herself eager to contribute to the solem-
nity and interest of the occasion. The Guards having
formed under their gallant commander, Captain W.
H. Irwin, the citizens were also formed in procession,
and escorted them from their quarters to the boat,
which was in waiting to convey them to Pittsburgh.
On their arrival at the boat, James K. Kelly, Esq.
(now the chief justice of the Supreme Court of the
State of Oregon), addressed them on behalf of the
people, in a beautiful and touching manner, and
spoke of the excitement, perils and dangers of the
soldier's life. The manly bearing of those gallant
hearts gave an earnest that their conduct would never
be such as to sully the fair fame of their mountain
home.
" When Mr. Kelly concluded, Captain Irwin re-
sponded in his usual style. After commenting large-
ly upon the kindness of his friends, he made a most
solemn and feeling appeal to the valor and bravery of
his men, concluding in this wise : ' My men know
me ; I can trust them ; I can rely upon them ; I trust
in God we will never tarnish the fair fame of our na-
tive hills,' and turning to the vast assemblage present,
he added, ' and now it only remains for us to bid you
a sad, it may be a long farewell.' While he was
134
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA. VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
speaking, the gay and the grave, old and young,
maintained almost a breathless silence, eager to catch
every sentence. All were on tiptoe to catch a last
look at those destined for a southern, sultry clime.
There were many, very many, whose tears flowed pro-
fusely, who seemed to possess neither the power nor
the inclination to repress them, while listening to the
fervid eloquence of Captain Irwin, while many in the
distance, who were eager to hear as those near the
speaker, could be gratified only whea the restless
wind might waft it in its own good time to their lis-
tening ear. There was a mutual interchange of sym-
pathy and feeling between the soldier 'and citizen;
and where is the man who would not wish well those
brave hearts who are sacrificing the comforts of home
and of friends and the sweethearts of the Juniata for
a distant land, where the ravages of disease incident
to the country are as pestilential as the Simoon
winds of Arabia, in view of promoting the dignity
and honor of our nation, and of vindicating her
character from reproach. Finally, the word was
given to cast off' ; amid the cheers, farewells and with
a hearty ' God bless you ! ' they took their leave of us,
some of them, perhaps, for the last time. We hope
they may all live to return to the bosoms of their
friends and relatives, among whom they will be wel-
comed as the victors of olden times were wont to be
received. Scenes like this one are not frequent in
the valley of the Juniata, and can any blame us if we
give full scope to our zeal and enthusiasm '? The la-
dies, too, who are always ready to favor with their
smiles any good enterprise of our sex, were present in
large number to join in the rights and ceremonies of
a long adieu to the defenders of our native soil."
At McVeytown, on the next day, a similar
scene occurred. More soldiers had enlisted in
the company from this place than from any
other locality in the county, and a seemingly
deeper interest and feeling vrere manifested by
the people, of which there was a very large
number from the surrounding country to bid a
last farewell to the soldiers.
Before leaving McVeytown, Colonel R. C.
Hale presented Captain Irwin with a sword,
A. P. Jacobs, Esq., making the presentation
speech, A sash was presented by Major M.
Criswell. At the same time the citizens of
McVeytown presented Lieutenant McCoy with
a regulation sword, and Major M. Criswell pre-
sented him with a dress sword, and Lieutenant
William Macklin with a military sash, and the
ladies with a beautifully-bound copy of the
Bible. The company received many tokens
and manifestations of great kindness from the
people of the village and vicinity. Lieutenant
McCoy was appointed acting quartermaster
and commissary.
The company arrived at Pittsburgh on March
31st and quartered at the American House.
April 1st it was nnistered by Lieutenant Field,
U. S. A. Surgeon Dr. McDowell, U. S. A., made
the surgical examination, in doing which he re-
jected James Criswell, who afterwards returned
to his home. The following is a correct list of
the comj^any as mustered into the United States
service for the war :
Captain : William H. Irwin.
First Lieutenant : Thomas F. McCoy.
Second Lieutenants : Weidmau Foster, Byers Kuhn.
First Sergeant : John McGuigan.
Second Sergeant: Joseph Dull.
Third Sergeant : Michael T. McEnnis.
Fourth Sergeant : James Kerr.
First Corporal : Thomas O'Brien.
Second Corporal : G. W. Soult.
Third Corporal : B. F. Miller.
Fourth Corporal : John Bayard.
Musician : John Sifticks.
Privates.
James B. Alexander.
Jas. H. Anderson.
David L. Bogle.
William Bogle.
Peter Beaver.
John Bice.
James Criswell.
William Cook.
Isaac Correll.
William M. Coulter.
Robert Cargill.
Willis Copelin.
J. H. Cowden.
Isaac Campbell.
Jacob Carpenter.
Samuel W. Davidson.
Cornelius Duff".
Robert Davis.
Isaiah Dunn.
John Deehl.
D. S. Disbrow.
Samuel Evarts.
John Fink.
James Fulton.
Abraham Foster.
Thomas Gibbs.
John AV. Godwyn.
Godfrey Gressmoyer.
William Guthrie.
James Hays.
John N. Hays.
William P. Hafty.
Reuben Hall.
James Hite.
John Hoffman.
Jacob Hawn.
Joseph Jackson.
Abraham Walker.
G. ^V. Watson.
Isaiah Knight.
William Kurtz.
Uriah Kitchen
Albert B. Kauffman.
Christian Long.
John Landis.
James Mahan.
James McCauley.
John McClenahan.
Geo. E. Miller.
Reynolds McDonald.
Patrick Noonan.
John Neff'.
Jacob Nicholson.
Julius Ort.
Samuel Patterson.
Levi Peters.
Simon Pennington.
Caleb G. Patterson.
James Roles.
William Roles.
THE MEXICAN WAR.
135
James Rager. John Sigler.
Geo. W. Rager. Geo. Susseman.
William Rager. John Taylor.
McClung Radcliff. Lemuel Taylor.
Isaac J. Stephens. Bar. Thatcher.
Isaac Signer. Henry Wells.
Frederick Smith. .Joseph Williams.
Joseph Sedinger. John Woodside.
Henry SulotF.
While at Pitt.sburgli Private Francis Tliomas
deserted. The company left Pittsburgh April
3d in the steamer " Germautowu," with Cajjtain
Barnard's company of voltigeur.s, and Captain
Moore's company of the Eleventh Infantry, and
arrived at the city of New Orleans April 12th,
and were immediately transferred to the trans-
port ship "America," in which were already
about six hundred soldiers of all arms. Before
the arrival the soldiers were informed of the
capture of Vera Cruz. There being no field
officers present, Captain William H. Irwin was
placed in command. While at this city Privates
William Guthrie and James McCauley deserted.
While the troops were preparing for the sea
voyage a diiBculty occurred between Captain
Wm. H. Irwin, Eleventh Infantry, and Captain
R. C. Merrick, of the Third Dragoons (in
later life a lawyer in Washington City of
national repute), which well-nigh resulted in
a duel. When one of the parties had crossed to
Algiers, the fighting-ground, and the other was
about to pa,ss over. Lieutenant McCoy made
the information at the mayor's office, and
speedily officers were in pursuit and an arrest
made, which resulted in averting the disgraceful
affair.
On the 18th of April, 1847, the ship
" America " left the city of New Orleans with
her burden of nearly eight hundred soldiers,
bound for Brazos, near the month of the Rio
Grande, and after a safe passage of four days
arrived at that point. From this the troops
were taken by steamers up the river some forty
miles and were in a camp of instruction under
the command of Brigadier-General Geo. Cad-
wallader, where they remained for nearly a
nionth. The first soldier of Company D, in
the person of Private Caleb G. Patterson, died
in hospital at Matamoras. He had been enlisted
at Bellefonte, Centre Countv, Pa. General
Scott, having advanced into the interior from
Vera Cruz, and gained a great victory at Cerro
Gordo, ordered the troops in this camp of in-
struction to reintbrce his army then at Jalapa
and Perote, and advancing upon Puebla. The
ship "Meteor" conveyed the company in six
days' sailing upon the Gulf, and on the 2nd of
June anchored in the harbor at Vera Cruz,
and near the Castle of San Juan de Ulloa.
The troops were landed on the 4th of June un
the beach, two miles north of the city. On the
8th of June all the troops in camp took the
line of march, with a long train, for the interior
and with a view of reinforcing Colonel Mcin-
tosh, who had left a few days before, and near
Plan del Rio had been attacked by a force of
the enemy. Fourteen of the company had
been left in hospital — five at Point Isabel and
nine at Vera Cruz — on account of sickness.
Having joined Mcintosh, General Cadwal-
lader assumed command of the militia forces
and continued the advance. The company
experienced its first fight at the National Bridge
on the 11th of June. The company received
credit for brave conduct in the fight, which con-
tinued long into the night, and received special
distinction for l)ringing from the scene of the
battle, under fire, several wagons loaded with
specie (for the payment of the army) that had
been upset down an embankment during the
engagement. John Hoffman was killed in the
fight and Frederick Smith wounded. Twenty-
five were wounded of other companies. After
resting one day at the National Bridge, the com-
mand advanced, passing over the battle-ground
of Cerro Gordo and by " Encesin,'' Santa Anna's
fine country-seat, entered the city of Jalapa,
the Mexican Paradise, June loth. Being joined
here by the force under Colonel Shields, which
had been occupying the city to keep open com-
munications, composed partly of the Second
Regiment of Penn.sylvania Volunteers, the Avhole
force advanced in the direction of the city and
castle of Perote, some eighty miles farther in
the interior, and on June 21st arriveiV at this
interesting point, entering upon the table-lands
of Mexico, and having passed around the snow-
clad moimtain-peak of Orizaba, its summit
beins eighteen thousand feet above the sea.
136
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Guerrillas were constantly hanging on the flanks
and made attacks at every opportunity, and the
greatest precaution was necessarily observed.
At La Hoya quite a fight took place, in which
Captain Walker, with his company of mounted
rifles, took part, and the enemy was routed with
considerable loss in killed and wounded, our
loss being small. At Jalapa the company
lost, as was supposed at the time by assassina-
tion, their pojndar and famous old drummer,
John Sifficks. It was afterwards learned,
however, that he was a prisoner in the hands of
the enemy, and was kept to the close of the
war and died in the city of New Orleans on his
way home. The castle of Perote is one of the
greatest fortifications in the country, covering
twenty-two acres of ground, mounting one
hundred and twenty guns, and erected in the
strongest and most permanent way, and looks as
if it were impregnal)le if fairly defended by a
competent force. The First Pennsylvania
Regiment Volunteers, with Captain Walker's
mounted rifles, were the garrison of the castle.
Here the company met many of their acquaint-
ances that had preceded them in the war.
Surgeon John C. Reynolds, with Sutler D. M.
Dull, both from McVeytown, manifested much
kindness to those of their acquaintance in the
company. General Cadwallader's force re-
mained at this place for two weeks, waiting the
arrival of General Pillow with additional re-
inforcement. The following extract from the
diary of an officer gives an idea of the way our
soldiers suifered in the Mexican War :
"A great many sick, in consequence of the climate
and the exposure, there not being tents sufficient to
protect the officers and men from the inclemency of
the weather. In consequence of this, hundreds are
in the hospital. Half the men of our company are
sick and cannot do duty. The march from Vera
Cruz was severe on officers and men alike. Men
dropped dead on the way. Hundreds would give out
on the march and lay down exhausted on the way,
and had to be forced up in the evening by the rear
guard to prevent their falling into the hands and be-
ing killed by the guerrillas. At night, tired, debili-
tated and worn out, would lie down on the ground
hundreds with no covering but the canopy."
Every day the "Dead March" was heard and
the volleys over the dead comrade, who found
a grave far from home in a foreign land. Ser-
geant Joseph Dull, who enlisted at McVey-
town, a very worthy man and zealous soldier,
being left at Vera Cruz sick, and having gotten
better, undertook to rejoin the comjjany by the
next train, died on the way and was interred
with honors of war by Captain Syborg's com-
pany of the same regiment, near Eucerro, about
ten miles east of Jalapa.
General Pillow, having arrived with two
thousand men, and being the ranking officer,
assumed the command of the whole force of
about four thousand men, with a train of five
hundred wagons, took up the line of march
July 2d and left Perote for the headquarters of
the army at Puebla, eighty miles distant on the
highway to the city of Mexico. The enemy
made occasional demonstrations, especially at
the Pinal Pass, but no serious attack was made,
and the force reached and marched into the
beautiful city of Puebla on the 8th of July.
Large numbers of Scott's army and of the
people of the city turned out to receive the
long-wished-for reinforcements. Major Wm.
H. Graham, an old veteran of the Fourth
United States Infantry, and who had been
appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Eleventh
United States Infantry, the regiment of which
the Juniata Guards formed a part, now known
as Company D of that regiment, joined the
regiment here, and soon after. Colonel A. C.
Ramsey being sick, Lieutenant-Colonel Graham
became the permanent commander until killed
at the battle of Molino del Rev.
The month spent at Puebla was one of great
interest and enjoyment. During this time Gen-
eral Scott was organizing and preparing his
army for the grand march ujjon the city of
Mexico, and drills and reviews were the order
of the day. The movement was to take place
as soon as General Frank Pierce arrived with
the last expected train and reinforcements,
which took place August 7, 1847. An officer's
diary gives this account of the advance, —
" August 7th. — The First Division left this morning
— 3000 strong — -under the command of General
Twiggs, for the City of Mexico. I passed along the
line as it was formed in front of General Scott's
headquarters, fronting the grand Plaza. The column
extended along the street three-quarters of a mile.
They gave a deafening cheer, the music struck up
THE MEXICAN WAR.
137
' Yankee Doodle,' and off they marched for the
' Halls of the Montezumas.' "
General Quitman left with his division on
the 8th, General Worth on the 9th and Gen-
eral Pillow on the 10th. Quitman's division
was composed of volunteers ; the other three
divisions, together with Colonel Summer's
brigade of cavalry and the artillery, were all
regulars. The Juniata Guards, now Company
D, Eleventh Regiment United States army, was
in General Pillow's division, Cadwallader's
brigade. The route the army was required to
march was over one hundred miles to the city
of Mexico, and the road crossed the lofty
mountain a little west of the great Snow Moun-
tain and volcano, Popocatepetl, into the Valley
of Mexico. At this point the diary referred to
says, —
"Again in the advance, Company D the leading
company. A severe, hard march to-day for twenty-
five miles. To give encouragement and spirit to the
troops, the band would play in front and sometimes
would stoj) and play while the brigade marched pa.st.
The power of music the world confesses, and its re-
viving power was realized to-day. There was no
fighting to-day, although expected. In ascending
the mountain we i)assed through ten miles of woods,
and, tired and weary, at length, to our great delight,
the Valley of Mexico burst upon our view, and the
city, with its domes and church-spires glistening in
the bright sun, many miles away up the valley. The
sight was grand and beautiful in the extreme and in-
spiring to the soldiers. Lakes, extended plains, cities,
towns and villages and haciendas dotted the great
historic valley of the Aztecs. Here was the home of
Montezuma and the theatre of Cortez's wonderful
and romantic achievements nearly three centuries
General Scott, finding the eastern defenses of
the city of Mexico too strong to be taken
without great loss, hit upon the expedient of
his famous flank march of thirty miles around
Lake Chaleo and the advance upon the south
of the city ; he was successful in this move-
ment, the advance column arriving at the city
of San Augustine on the evening of the 17th
of August, this city being only eight miles from
the city of Mexico. Within the next twenty-
four hours the whole of Scott's army had con-
centrated at San Augustine, and General Worth
had advanced within cannon-shot of the enemy's
strong defenses at San Antonio, two miles
nearer the city of Mexico. On the arrival ot
Pillow's division on the 18th, the Eleventh In-
fantry, with Captain Kearney's and Captain
McReynolds' companies of drag(jons, under the
direction of Captain Robert E. Lee, of General
Scott's staif, were ordered to make a reconnois-
sance of the enemy's jjosition at Contreras. In
doing this Captain Lee took his escort right
into an advance force of the enemy in the
Pedregal and had a lively fight, in which Cap-
tain Irwin's comjiany was noted for its gallant
conduct. The enemy suffered quite a loss in
killed and prisoners. Lieutenant McCoy saved
the life of a Mexican soldier and secured him
as a prisoner when at the point of being shot
down by one of his men. Our soldiers were
disposed not to give quarter on account of the
Mexicans having assassinated so many of our
men.
The account of the operations for the next
two days we extract from an officer's diary, —
"August 18. — We quarter to-night in a fine house
in the city of San Augustine. Orange-trees bearing
fruit in the court-yard, and Col. Graham cautioned
the soldiers against taking the oranges, and the
tempting fruit was left hanging upon the branches.
To-morrow will disclose great events most assuredly.
There will be a great battle. May the Great and
Good Being preserve us through the contest and
grant victory to our arms.
" 19th. — The great movement began this morning.
General Pillow's Division moved at nine o'clock,
Cadwallader's brigade leading, the 11th in the
advance. The direction was the same road that had
been reconnoitered by Captain Lee the previous
evening, and where we had the skirmish. Pillow
occupied the hill until Twiggs' Division passed. At
this time the enemy opened fire by their artillery
from Contreras. Twiggs was to make the attack on
the fortifications ; Pillow was to support. The diffi-
culties of the way, which was over Pedregal of lava,
rocks and fissures, almost insurmountable. McGru-
der's battery was advanced, and was soon dismounted
by the enemy's fire, causing considerable slaughter of
men and officers. Horses could not pass at all, and
the men with great difficulty. Cadwallader's brigade
succeeded in working its way, all on foot, over the
rocky way, and he deployed his force on the plain,
between the enemy on the hill and the city. To the
right and front ot Cadwallader, Santa Anna ap-
peared in person, with probably six thousand men,
drawn up in line of battle only a few hundred yards
oft". One of their reconnoitering parties came so close
138
JUNIxVTA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
that two companies ou our right, Irwin's and
Guthrie's, were ordered to open fire, which was
returned by the enemy. Here we were in a tight
place, with a large force of the enemy in front and
rear. We had no artillery. The officers were on
foot, their horses not being able to pass the Pedregal.
About dusk General Smith's brigade, of Twiggs'
division, and followed by General Riley's and Shields'.
Our company (Irwin's)- was ordered to occupy the
village church. Generals Smith and Cadwallader
had their headquarters in this church, and here it was
determined and ordered to storm the enemy's works on
the hill of Contreras at the dawn of next daj^ Col.
Riley was to head the storming-party, composed of his
own brigade, to be supported by Cadwallader. Gen-
eral Smith commanded in person, in consequence of
Generals Smith and Twiggs having become separated
from their commands.
" 20th. — At two o'clock this morning our company
left the church, joined the regiment and marched
towards the hill, preceded by Riley's brigade. The
march was to the right of the fort, the intention being
to go round in that direction and come upon them
in the rear. The march was in rain and mud. Day
approached before the troops were in position. The
enemy became aware of the movement and prepared
to give us a warm reception. In consequence of the
rain, the arms of the troops had to be examined and
many soldiers had to withdraw their loads and put in
new ones with powder dry. This took time. At
length the position was gained, and the column
steadily moved, the storming regiments in array with
flags flying, arms gleaming and swords flashing.
Then the firing began — a most terrible roar of cannon
and musketry. In less than twenty minutes the fort
was in our possession, and the ground strewn with
the dead and the dying ; the veterans of the renowned
Hidalgo were swept from their works with the force
of an avalanche.
" One moment, like ten thousand drums.
The musketry rolls out;
While like the bass-drum's booming knells,
The cannons' diapason swells.
With many a mingled shout ;
A gallant storm — -a thousand shouts !
And lo ! the foes fiy fast ;
In maddened haste, in wild alarms
They break their ranks, they leave their arms
Like chaff' before the blast ! "
This was a great victory for the American
army, and created tiie greatest enthusiasm.
It turned the right flauks of the enemy's gen-
eral worlds in defense of the city, and made the
strong defenses of San Antonio untenable, and
caused the force there to fall back to Cherubusco,
with General Worth in pursuit. At this point
the officer's diary gives this account, —
" After the taking of the fortifications on the hill,
Twiggs', Pillow's and part of Quitman's divisions,,
moved towards the city, distant about six miles, but
in full and magnificent view from our elevated
ground. When near Cherubusco the next strong-
hold of the enemy, 'Old Chippewa,' that we had not
seen for twenty-four hours, came riding down the
long column. Cheer after cheer greeted the old
veteran. When opposite our regiment, and after we
had cheered him with our whole hearts, he stopped for
a moment and addressed us in the following words :
' Thanks ! Thanks to God, and glory to this gallant
army ; I wish I could hug every one of you to my
bosom.' He spoke these words with great emphasis
and emotion. At this time we were nearer to the
enemy's works at Cherubusco than we thought,
as very soon a brisk fire was heard in our front, and
it was manifest that -the battle had begun, as the
volume of the cannons' roar increased. Every officer
was alive to the contest. General Pillow, in person,
led our regiment oft" to the right to support the Sixth
Infantry of General Worth's command, which had
been driven back on the San Antonio Causeway.
Here we were under very heavy fire within one-
hundred and fifty yards of the two forts, and con-
tinually advancing closer. The contest was long and
sanguinary. In the course of three hours the enemy's-
forts and fortifications were in our hands, but at the
great sacrifice of one thousand of our men, in killed
and wounded. Our regiment pressed forward along the
Causeway leading to the city with Worth's advanced
regiments, and until we received the order of recalls
Whileherewe witnessed thedariiig chargeofKearney's
dragoons upon the San Antonio Gaseta, and cheered
them most heartily as they passed us with banners
flying and flashing sabres, and with the sound and
force of a tempest."
These successes of the American army
alarmed Santa Anna and the Mexican govern-
ment, and during the night they sent a deputa-
tion from the city to General Scott's head-
quarters, at the city of San Augustine, propos-
ing an armistice and negotiations for peace.
General Scott granted and agreed to the
armistice, and the eighteen days of its duration
resulted not in peace, but in terrible and bloody
war. It gave our army rast, however, and
fitted it for further triumphs. In these eighteen
days our army took possession of all the coun-
try on the south side of the city of Mexico,
including towns, villages and cities, in a com-
passof ten miles, and lived in-doors, enjoying all
the beauties and luxuries of a rich country, teem-
ing with plenty. Our regiment had quarters in
the Hacienda San Jose, near the village Mexcoac,
THE MEXICAN WAR.
13»
and from which we had a good view of the city
of Mexico, could hear their ciiurcli-bells and
their army salutes. The cities of San Augustine
and Tacubaya, ten miles apart, were the extreme
points of our army, and Worth's division occu-
pied the latter city and was in good cannon-
range of the famed castle of Chapultepcc. It
was at the village of Mexcoac, where the
thirty- two deserters from our army captured in
the battle] of Cherubusco, were hung, (most of
them just after the Stars and Stripes floated from
the castle, that being the signal given by Gen-
eral Kearney for swinging them off), which was
the penalty for deserting and fighting against
the American flag.
On the 7th of September General Scott,
finding that Santa Anna was violating it, ter-
minated the armistice, the tocsin of war was
sounded, and the hosts were again marshaled for
the contest, —
"lu the afteruoon of to-day the regiment was
marched from their comfortable quarters at the
Hacienda to about a mile nearer the city, where we
encamped. A half-hour after dusk, when we had
everything arranged for a comfortable night's rest,
an order came from General Scott that the regiment
should report to him at Tacubaya in two hours.
We immediately formed without even striking tents,
and marched direct for headquarters, three miles
distant. Before nine o'clock p.m. we were reported
by General Cadwallader as being ready for any ser-
vice which was required. We laid on our arms to
await further orders. Next morning, at 3i o'clock,
September 8th, we were again formed and quietly
marched towards the enemy's works at Molino del
Rey, about a mile and a half distant, the object
being to attack these works, lying directly west and
under the guns of the Castle of Chapultepec. The
part of the American Array that was ordered by
General Scott to accomplish the work of driving the
enemy from his position was composed of Cadwal-
lader's brigade, Worth's division, a part of which
was to be the storming-party, Duncan's and Hager's
batteries, some other artillery force and the cavalry,
— about thirty-two hundred men in all. We gained
the eminence near the forts before daylight, when
the artillery opened, the infantry continuing to move
steadily forward. At the dawn of day the storming
force was near the enemy's lines, which extended
from fort to fort, and a heavy musketry fire was
opened, which was terribly destructive to life, and
the storming column, a large part having been killed
and wounded, was forced back. At this critical
moment our regiment (the Eleventh) was deployed,
advanced rapidly and charged the enemy. A most
destructive fire was poured upon us, killing and
wounding one-fourth of the regiment. Notwith-
standing the hail-storm of bullets, the officers and men
who had not fallen pressed gallantly forward, driv-
ing the enemy and occupying his line. The battle
continued to rage, during which the enemy made an
effort to retake the position from which they had been
driven, but were gallantly repulsed. Our loss in this
battle was so great that the battle of Molino del Eey
is known as the bloodiestof the war. Outof the thirty-
two hundred engaged, over eight hundred were killed
and wounded, and amongst them many distinguished
and valuable officers. In our own regiment forty-
three were killed and wounded, being over one-fourth
of the number engaged. Lieutenant-Colonel Gra-
ham, our commanding officer, an old army officer of
distinction, was killed, having twelve wounds upon
his person. Lieutenant Johnson, a brother of Gov-
ernor Johnson, was killed in the charge. Captain
Irwin was severely wounded in the left hand. John
Sigler was killed ; John Hayes and Isaac Mahan
mortally wounded, and died after the battle. James
Eager, Macluney Radclitf and I. Hite were wounded,
but not fatally. Lieutenant McCoy was the sixth in
rank in his regiment before entering the battle, and
at its close was the ranking officer for duty, collected
the men, formed the lines and being relieved by fresh
troops under General Frank Pierce, marched the
regiment from the tield."
From this day Lieutenant JlcCoy became
the permanent commander of the company^
Captain Irwin, in consequence of his wound,
being in the hospital. The company having
been reduced by battle and sickness, two other
companies, for the time of the fighting, were con-
solidated with it, nudving it seventy-five strong ;
Lieutenant McCoy was placed in command.
Operations continued on the 9th, 10th and 11th
down near the city, between the San Antonio
and the Piedad Causeways, leading into the city.
Batteries were planted, and some skirmishing
took place. On the night of the 11th, Pillow's
division was taken back to the battle-ground of
Molino del Rey, with a view of besieging
Chapultepec and capturing this stronghold, as
it was necessary to do this before advancing
upon the city, —
"At four o'clock on the morning of the 12th we
were again on the move, with the object of capturing
this impregnable stronghold, to any but American
soldiers. At the break of day our division w.as
deployed in theopen plain south and west of the Castle
of Chapultepec. Soon our artillery opened, and the
140
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
«nemy quickly returned the fire. The bombardment
was continued all day with good effect and but little
loss on our part. Lieutenant McCoy was ordered to
report with his company to Captain Robert E. Lee
(the great Confederate general in the late Rebellion),
to aid him in planting a battery of heavy guns, and
spent most of the day, receiving the thanks of that
distinguished ofHcer at the completion of the work.
Although tired and weary, in the evening the same
officer and company was ordered on dangerous out-
post duty, with orders to occupy the Cassa Mata fort,
in the rear of our force, and to hold it to the last.
" September 13, 18-19. at 7 o'clock (says the oflScer's
■diary), the whole army was on the move and concen-
trating in the direction of the south and southwest of
the castle, that being the only assailable part. It had
ieen determined to carry it by assault, and the col-
umns, with the ladders and other arrangements for
the purpose, had been arranged previously. Before
the columns of infantry and storming-parties ad-
vanced the heavy guns were opened from all our bat-
teries and poured in a terrible fire of shot and shell,
then ceased, and the whole force gallantly and deter-
minedly moved to the attack in the face of the heavy
fire of musketry, shell and grape, and in less than an
hour after the advance was made the Stars and Stripes
were seen floating from the flag-pole of the castle.
Such a burst of joy no man ever heard as this impor-
tant result was accomplished. General Bravo, the
commanding general of the castle, and a good many
prisoners were taken ; besides, a great many of the
enemy were killed and wounded. Our army lost no
■time in pushing on towards the city ; General Quit-
man, with his volunteers, taking the Causeway leading
to the Bekn Gareta, and General Worth, supported
by Pillow's troops, now under Cadwallader, advanced
by the Causeway leading to the ><an Cosme Oareta,
and before dark both gates were in our possession,
and by ten o'clock at night a mortar battery was
throwing bombs into the heart of the city. Great
success attended our army to-day. The storming of
the Castle of Chapultepec struck consternation into
the enemy. During the night Santa Anna, his army
and the Mexican government evacuated the city, and
& deputation came out to General Scott and surren-
dered the city, and in the morning, about one o'clock.
General Scott made his grand entry into the city of
Mexico, at the head of the Cavalry Brigade. He
xode into the Grand Plaza, alighted at the National
Palace, went into one of the grand apartments, and
penned his famous congratulatory order, in which
may be found these words : ' Under the favor of God,
by the valor of this army, after many glorious victories,
we have hoisted the colors of our country in the Capi-
tal of Mexico and on the Palace of its Government.' "
Within a weelc from tiiis time nearly the
whole army had entered the city. This had to
be done gradually, as the quarters could be se-
cured, which were in churches, convents and pub-
lic buildings, so far as possible.
"To-day, September 22, 1847, the 11th Infantry,
commanded by Major L. F. Hunter, marched into the
famed city of Mexico. Thousands were lined along
the streets to see. Our Band played various tunes as
we marched through the streets, and when near the
Grand Plaza, struck up ' Yankee Doodle.' The scene
was interesting and exciting. We are quartered in
the Convent Santo Domingo, on Guadaloupe Street,
and within two squares of the Grand Plaza."
Although all this series of victories were
gained, and great sacrifices made of thousands
of gallant men, yet there was no peace. Gen-
eral Scott had left Puebla with an army of ten
thousand five hundred men, and after the bat-
tles he entered the city with about seven thou-
sand effective men, and now his great effort and
duty was to hold this great city of two hundred
thousand of a population until reinforcements
could be brought from the States to secure and
preserve the fruits of victory. Scott's small
army was therefore wholly engaged for months
in the performance of the most careful guard
duty all through and around the city.
A train of wagons, with an escort of troops,
left on the 1st of November, with a view of
opening the road to Vera Cruz, three hundred
miles away. Some of the wounded and dis-
abled and some discharged soldiers took this
opportunity of returning to their homes. Cap-
tain Irwin and Sergeant M. T. McGinnis
were with this train. D. M. Dull, who had
been an amateur soldier with Colonel J. W.
Geary's command of Pennsylvania volunteers,
and honorably mentioned in his report of the
battle of Chapultepec, also left in the same
train. Corporal William M. Coulter and Joseph
Jackson were afterwards discharged on surgeon's
certificate of disability, and returned home in a
subsequent train for Vera Cruz.
In about three months from the capture of
the city reinforcements began to arrive. Gen-
eral Cushing and General Patterson each brought
a force of several thousand troops, and this was
a great relief to the army in the city.
On the 6th of January, 1848, General Cad-
wallader was sent with a force of several thou-
sand men, of which our regiment formed a part,
to occupy Toluca, the capital of the State of
THE MEXICAN WAK.
141
Mexico, lying about forty miles southwept of
the fity of Mexico, in the great Toluca Valley.
This was accomplished without any opposition
on tlie part of the enemy. The Eleventh
Regiment was detached and occupied the city of
Lormes, a strategic ])oint, and which had been
fortified, and situated on the north side of the
valley, and within thirty miles of the city of
Mexico. Here the regiment remained, enjoying
good health, performing the routine of military
duty for a period of five months, during which
time the negotiations for peace were in progress.
While the company was at this city, those of
its members who had been left behind in the
diiferent hospitals, and had not been discharged
or died, rejoined. About one-third of the com-
pany had been thus left, of which the following
died or were discharged from hospital :
David L. Bogle, died September 25, 1847, at Perote.
Robert Campbell, died July 5, 1847, at Perote.
John Goodwin, died August 5, 1847, at Perote.
John McLenahan, died October 20, 1847, at Perote.
Isaac J. Stephens, died November 30, 1847, at Perote.
William Cook, died 1847, at Point Isabel.
Daniel S. Disbrow, died November 20, 1847, at city
of Mexico.
John Fink, died August 14, 1847, at Puebla.
Sergeant Thomas O'Brien, died September 17, 1847,
at Puebla.
Simon Pennington, died August 10, 1847, at Puebla.
William H. Eager, died November 8, 1847, at Puebla.
James Roles, died 1847, at Puebla.
Joseph Sedinger, died August 18, 1847, at Puebla.
Isaiah Knight, died July 17, 1847, at Vera Cruz.
William Roles, died at Vera Cruz.
John Siffick, died July 6, 1848, at New Orleans.
John Taylor, died October 10, 1847, at city of
Mexico.
James Hite, died August 25, 1848, at Staten Is-
land, N. Y.
Isaac Correll, discharged November 18, 1847, at Vera
Cruz.
Thomas Gibbs, discharged November 18, 1847, at
Baton Rouge, La.
Reuben Hall, discharged November 7, 1847, at Puebla.
Sergeant B. F. Miller, discharged 1847, at Baton
Rouge, La.
Corporal G. W. Soult, discharged February 5, 1848,
at New Orleans.
Jesse Walker, deserted from hospital. Baton Rouge,
January, 1848.
Several second lieutenants had been appointed
to Company D that circumstances had prevented
joining the company. One of these was Lieuten-
ant Thomas Welsh, who had been wounded in
the battle of Buena Vista, and after joining
the company, in consequence of this wound,
was required to return to his home in Columbia,
Pa. He became the distinguished ojlonel of
the Forty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Vol-
unteers in the late Rebellion, and was pnj-
moted to brigadier-general, and while in the
campaign against Vicksburg contracted sickness
from which he died. Lieutenant James Keenan
was another one who joined the company and
remained with it until discharged. He was,
after the war, appointed adjutant-general of
Pennsylvania, and when General Frank Pierce
became President of the United States he ap-
pointed him consul to Honolulu, where he re-
mained until the breaking out of the Rebellion,
when he returned with the intention of fighting
for the Union, but died in New York City soon
after his arrival. Lieutenant William H. Scott
served with the company from Vera Cruz up to
the city of Mexico, and was a brave and intelli-
gent officer, and had served in Jeff Davi.s'
regiment, under General Taylor ; was from
Vicksburg, and through Davis' influence re-
ceived transfer into the old army ; becoming
involved in a duel with a brother officer, was
compelled to resign, when he joined Colonel
Walker's expedition to Central America and
was blown up in one of his ill-fated vessels.
Lieutenant J. Minor Stout was another young
officer who was temporarily attached to the
company and served with it a few months near
the close of the war. Corporal John A. Bay-
ard enlisted in Belmont, was appointed a sec-
ond lieutenant in the regiment and soon after
retired from the service.
Many changes necessarily took place in the
non-commissioned officers of the company. The
first sergeant's, one of the most important posi-
tions, had been filled before the company left
home by John Maguigan, a very worthy man ;
but having taken sick, he, after recovering, was
detached on the recruiting service and never
rejoined the company in Mexico. It therefore
became nece.-^sary to select another, an acting
first sergeant, for this important position. This
soldier was found in the person of James B.
Alexander, a young man of talent and intelli-
142
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
gence from the east end of the Kishacoquillas
Valley, who filled the place with commendable
faithfulness and courage. His fidelity and ser-
vices were such that he deserves well of his
country. Isaac Signer and Albert B. Kauif-
mann, two gallant soldiers (the former wounded
in the battle of Molino del Rey), became ser-
geants. The corporals were William O. Bogle,
Henry Wells, Peter Beaver and James M. Ea-
ger ; the latter had been badly wounded in the
battle of Molino del Rey.
As to the services of the rank and file of the
company there can be no question, as they were
long, arduous, faithful and brave. They never,
in all the varied fights and battles, turned their
backs to the enemy. They charged and stormed
the enemy's works whenever and wherever or-
dered. In the hottest part of the battle of
Molino del Rey, when the old regulars of
Worth's division were repulsed by the enemy's
murderous fire, the company leading the regi-
ment charged with the greatest gallantry into
the breach, retaking the lost ground, driving
the enemy, and maintaining their ground in the
bloody struggle with the greatest enthusiasm
until the victory was secured. In the terrible
fighting and advance into the enemy's lines on
the Pedregal, the storming of their works on
the heights of Contreras, and the charge with
Worth upon the Fe de pont in the battle of
Cherubusco, the same determined, gallant spirit
was manifested. But there was a more danger-
ous and destructive enemy to contend against
than the battle-field. The climate and the dis-
ease of the country relentlessly decimated the
ranks of the whole army. The march through
the hospitals to the soldier's grave was continuous
and unceasing, and thousands of brave hearts
who had left happy Northern homes found
their last resting-place beneath the clods of the
plains and valleys of Mexico.
"On Fame's eternal camping-ground
Their silent tents are spread ;
And glory guards, with solemn round,
The bivouac of the dead."
" Nor shall your glory be forgot,
While Fame her record keeps.
Or Honor points the hallowed spot
Where Valor proudly sleeps."
As before indicated, Captain William H. Ir-
win was in command of the company until he
was severely wounded in thesanguinary battle of
Molino del Rey. On account of this wound and
debility, he was permitted to return to his home at
Lewistown, where he was assigned to the re-
cruiting service, and was continued on that duty
until the end of the war, laeutenant McCoy
remaining in command of the company nearly
a year after, and returning with it when peace
was declared. Captain Irwin has received
honorable mention for gallantry and good con-
duct in the battles in which he participated, by
the commanding officers of the regiment, ia
their official reports, and received the commission
of major by brevet from the President of the
United States, for gallant and meritorious con-
duct in the battles of Contreras and Cheru^
busco.
General George Cadwallader, who commanded
the brigade of which the Eleventh Regiment,
United States army, composed a part, has made
the following record of the conduct of Lieutenant
T. T. McCoy in the several engagements under
his command :
"A reference to the official reports will show that
the services of Lieutenant McCoy were not overlooked,
either by the commanding officer of his regiment,
Lieutenant-Colonel Graham, or, after his death, by his
successor, Major Hunter, and that he is also particu-
larly named in high terms in my report. I take
pleasure in referring to them here. Lieutenant-Col-
onel W. H. Graham's report of August 22, 1847,
speaking of the attack on Contreras, on the 19th, and
of a detachment on the flank, says : ' This small force
of eighty men, Companies D and I, Eleventh Infan-
try, under Captains Irwin and Guthrie, and Lieu-
tenants McCoy, McClellan and Scott, gallantly per-
formed this duty, killing a number of both Lancers
and Infantry.' And again, after speaking of the
battle of Cherubusco, attests to the gallantry and de-
termined courage of Lieutenant McCoy and others.
My own report, dated August 22, 1847 (Contreras and
Cherubusco), speaks handsomely of the services of
the Eleventh Infantry, and notices with commenda-
tion the services of Lieutenant McCoy. Major Hun-
ter's report, dated September 10, 1847 (Lieutenant-
Colonel Graham having been killed at Molino del Rey),
says: 'Lieutenant-Colonel Graham, with Lieutenants
McCoy and Harley, pursued the enemy to the left,
.although he (Colonel Graham) was badly wounded in
two places, and while leading a charge on a large and
fortified building still in possession of the enemy, a
THE MEXICAN WAR.
143
volley of musketry was fired upon him, inflicting two
mortal wounds, of which he died in a few minutes on
the field he had so gallantly assisted to win ;' and in
conclusion he names particularly Lieutenant McCoy
among the most distinguished. My own report, Sep-
tember 10, 1847, particularly names Lieutenant Mc-
Coy in referring to the death of Colonel Graham, in
the assault upon Molino del Rey. Major Hunter's
report oi' September 16, 1847, agiiin mentions Lieu-
tenant McCoy. I know he was a good and efficient
■oflicer, and rendered most gallant services on many
occasions, and was particularly distinguished at the
battles of Contreras, Cherubusco and Molino del
Eey."
He also received tlie commission of brevet-
captain for gallant and meritorious conduct in
the battles of Contreras and Cherubusco.
The negotiations for peace having been con-
cluded and the treaty ratified, prompt arrange-
ments v>ere made for withdrawing the army
from Mexico. On the .30th of May, 1848, the
Eleventh Infantry took up the line of march,
and the next day arrived in the city of Mexico,
where it remained until the 4th of June, and
on that day, with joy and rejoicing, it began the
march for " home, sweet home," and arrived
at Vera Cruz on the June 29th. July 1st, set
sail in the ship "America" for New Orleans,
where it arrived July 8th. Remaining a few
(lays encamped at CarroUtou, reshipped on a
steamer, and went round by sea to Fort Hamil-
ton, on the channel near the city of New York,
and was mustered out of the service of the
United States by Lieutenant-Colonel J.
Plymptou, U. S. A., on the 16th day of
August, A.D. 1848. Before leaving Fort Ham-
ilton the company, as a parting testimonial of
their respect and regard for Captain Irwin and
Lieutenant McCoy, presented each with abeauti-
ful and costly sword, with the battles through
which they had passed engraved upon them.
The company returned to Lewistown on the
25th of August, 1848, and on the next day was
iionored by the citizens and the people of the
county by a public reception, and a sumptuous
<linner by the ladies in the court-house. In
reply to a complimentary address of welcome
on behalf of the people. Captain Irwin, Dr.
Bower and Lieutenant McCoy made short ad-
dresses. That of Lieutenant McCoy is the only
one now extant, and is as follows:
"Your very kind words, and the peculiar and very
interesting associations of this occasion, have nearly
deprived me of proper terras in which to express our
sense of gratitude. Our hearts are full, our tongues
almost mute. This deeply exciting, this all-absorbing
scene is indelibly stamped upon our hearts. A wel-
come so cordial, hearty, and universal and splendid,
has seldom been witnessed. It is with sensations of
delight and heartfelt gratitude that I view .so many of
the patriotic people of Mifflin County present them-
selves, with hearts swelled with gratitude, and eyes
dimmed with tears of joy, to do honor to that gallant
band of soldiers now before you, to welcome them
to their dear homes, their beloved friends and fami-
lies.
" The God of battles, in His great goodness, has
mercifully preserved them through strange and won-
derful scenes. He has thrown His protecting shield
around them in singular vicissitudes, hardships and
afflictions — emphatically in all the dangers of the
land and sea, the battle and the pestilence. Gratitude
deep and lasting, I trust, is felt by every heart to Him
who has thus manifested His goodness and power in
their preservation. I am rejoiced in being enabled
to say that amidst the dangers and trying circum-
stances by which they have been surrounded they
ever presented the truly noble characteristics of the
American soldier, — patriotic, brave and devoted,
anxious to deserve well of this great and glorious
country of which they were proud to be natives and
defenders, and to which they return with hearts better
fitted for appreciating her excellencies. They had a
commander who dared to lead them into the thickest
of the fight — they dared to follow, and with that irre-
sistible enthusiasm which has always distinguished
our victorious troops in Mexico. But apart from this
patriotic impulse that impelled to the discharge ot
our duty, we had a particular iuceutive to endeavor
to act well our part. We had generous, noble friends
who were observing our conduct and movements with
an abiding, indeed, almost a fatherly interest. They
were embalmed in our affections, and were ever
present in our minds. That parting scene when
about to leave you for the camp and the battle-field,
exhibited here and at McVeytown, was a continued,
bright and happy recollection. This all-absorbing
thought inspired us with strength in moments of
weakness and despondency, gave encouragement in
darkness and difficulties, and nerved us in the hour
of conflict. This feeling jjossessed us like a living
spirit. Rather would these gallant fellows have left
their bones to whiten the plains and valleys of Mexico
than have offended you by proving recreant, and com-
ing short of the high expectations you had formed of
their courage and gallantry.
" I regret that my closing words must be mingled
with the shades of sorrow and sadness. The only re-
flection that is in the least calculated to disturb the
perfect delight of this hajipy occasion is that a!/ our
144
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
beloved and gallant comrades are not with us to ex-
perience the joys of this welcome. Many (nearly one-
third of the number) who left with us with highhopes
and hajipy anticipations, and looked forward to an
occasion like the present, are now resting, far from
country, from friends and home, beneath the clods of
the valleys and plains of Mexico. Some of them fell
fighting upon the battle-field, others by the slow pro-
cess of disease. We mourn their fate, and sympathize
with their friends. Our consolation is, and it is a
comfort that friends and comrades may have, that they
died in the service of their country, a saci'ifice upon
her altar, to aid in purchasing the great and enviable
achievements which have shed a brighter lustre upon
the American name. This remnant before you have
returned, and live to-day to receive and rejoice in
your congratulations. They feel grateful, very grate-
ful, for your kindness. They never can, they never
will, forget you. Accept the soldier's gratitude."
The company was in the United States ser-
vice a year and a half, and arrived in Mexico
just in time to engage in the most interesting-
part of the war. In that time it had traveled
about eight thousand miles in various ways
(none by railroad), nearly one thousand of which
was on the marcli in Mexico, beneatli a tropical
sun.
The history of the Juniata Guards presents
a true idea of the horrible ravages of war.
Twenty-five of the original number never re-
turned to their northern homes^ having been
killed in battle or died from disease. Many
others, whose fortune it was to be again per-
mitted to greet their friends and look upon the
hills and valleys of their native mountain homes,
brought with them the seeds of disease which
ultimately brought them to untimely graves.
At this writing very few are living of those
that I'eturned to Mifflin County in August,
1848. It is believed by an officer of the com-
pany that not more than fifteen survive. Lieu-
tenant McCoy, Sergeant I. Beatty Alexander,
Reynolds McDonald, James Carr and Freder-
ick Smith are the only survivors now living in
Mifflin County. John Diehl and James Fulton
are known to be living in Centre County, and
Henry Suloff in Juniata County. Some of the
company who were living twenty-five years ago,
when the life of the Union was in great peril,
again entered the service to do battle for the
old flag, very precious to them, that they had
followed through the smoke and fire of many a
hotly-contested field in the great valley of Mex-
ico. Corporal J. A. Bayard, of Bellefonte, who-
had been promoted to a lieutenancy in Mexico,
entered the cavalry service as a lieutenant in
the late Rebellion, and died at home soon after
the war. Corporal G. W. Soult served as a
captain in the One Hundred and Forty-ninth
Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was
wounded in the battle of Gettysburg, and at the
close of the war returned to his home in Lewis-
town and died a few years ago, a worthy and
esteemed citizen. Private B. F. Miller served
as a captain in the late war and died in the ser-
vice. Amongst others who were known to
have engaged in the late war, and died in the
service, were Robert Davis, William Cowdea
and Corporal J. N. Rager. Privates Samuel
Patterson, James Fulton, Uriah Kitchen, Fred-
erick Smith, Reynolds McDonald, Jacob Car-
penter and Corporal Peter Beaver were also ia
the service for the preservation of the govern-
ment and the Union.
Sketches of Generals Irwin and Mc-
Coy.— Captain William H. Irwin and Lieu-
tenant Thomas F. McCoy were both natives of
Mifflin County, and both had been prominently
identified with the volunteer military of the
county for years previous to the Mexican War,
and in this service had received all the military
education and fitness they possessed when they
engaged in real and active military life.
Captain Irwin was a lawyer by profession,
and was an accomplished and a distinguished
public speaker. He practiced his profession at
the Mifflin County bar before and after the
Mexican War, but also engaged in other pur-
suits, and in later years gave little attention to
the law. Soon after the Mexican War he was
appointed by the Governor adjutant-general
of this State. After retiring from this position
he engaged in politics, and was prominent in
the Whig party in this part of the State, and
advocated the claims of that party on the stump.
On one or two occasions he was a candidate for
Congress in this district, but was not successful,
on account of the district being strongly Demo-
cratic.
When the late Rebellion was inaugurated.
General Irwin was ready for the contest, and
THE MEXICAN WAR.
145
was amougst the first to volunteer in the Logan
Guards and march through Baltimore to the
defense of tlie capital. Soon after tlie firing
upon Fort Sumter, President Lincoln called
for twenty-five regiments of three mouths' vol-
unteers from this State, and Governor Curtin
commissioned General Irwin colonel of the
Seventh Regiment and in command of this
regiment, took part in the movement of General
Robert Patterson in his demonstration near
Martinsburg and Winchester, Va., in the
early days of the war. The three months' ser-
vice being ended, he was soon after commis-
sioned by Governor Curtin colonel of the
Forty-ninth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volun-
teers, a three years' regiment. In the oi'ganiza-
tion of the Army of the Potomac by General
McClellan, this regiment was assigned to Han-
cock's brigade. Smith's division, of the Sixth Ar-
my Corps, in which it did good and gallant ser-
vice until the close of the war. Colonel Irwin,
with his regiment, was with General McClellan
in the Peninsula campaign, in the effort to
capture the city of Richmond, the Confederate
capital. Being in Hancock's brigade, he
shared in the distinction acquired by that officer
in the battle of ^yilliamsburg, and received his
thanks on the field, and was in the movements
of the Seven Days' Fight, and the famous re-
treat and successful backward movement of the
army to Harrison's Landing, on the James
River. Richmond being made safe from capture.
General Lee now marched his army north,
against General Pope, and encountered and de-
feated him at the battle of Second Bull Run.
In the mean time the Army of the Potomac had
been transferred to the vicinity of Washington,
part of it in time to share in this disastrous
battle, but in good time to be reorganized with
Pope's army, under the lead of McClellan,
and to dissipate the clouds hanging over the
Union cause in the victories of South Mountain
and Antietam. In these two engagements Col-
onel Irwin was in command of Smith's brigade,
and rendered good and gallant service, in which
he received honorable mention in the official
report of his superior officer. Colonel Irwin's
regiment having been greatly reduced in number,
he made application to the ^\'ar Department to
10
have it consolidated into a less number of com-
panies, and the surplus officers assigned to the
recruiting service. The Department favoring
this application, tliis was done, and Lieutenant-
Colonel Huling being left in command in the
field. Colonel Irwin and the other assigned offi-
cers were ordered on the recruiting service.
The colonel returned to the front just in time
to have command of his regiment in the move-
ments which preceded the battle of Chancellors-
ville. On the 2<)th of April, 1863, the brigade
to which his regiment belonged was ordered ou
the very perilous duty of crossing the Rappa-
hannock below Fredericksburg, in pontoon
boats, to gain possession of the south side of the
river, preliminary to the laying of a pontoon
bridge. This was done in the face and under
the fire of a considerable force of the enemy
stationed at that point with a view of defeating
the attempt. Notwithstanding the great advan-
tages of the enemy, the effiirt was successful,
but the loss in killed and wounded was consid-
erable. Colonel Irwin received a severe and
painful wound in the foot, and which aiused
his absence from the front for some months.
Captain Freeborne, from Lewistown, was mor-
tally wounded in this same engagement, and died
some time after in the city of Washington.
When Colonel Irwin returned to his regiment,
he remained at the front but a short time, having
concluded that his condition of health and his
disabilities from wounds were such that he was
unsuitcd for the hard tugs of the service, re-
signed his commission and retired from the
army in October, 1863. He afterwards received
the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers, for
gallant and meritorious services iji the war.
After the War of the Rebellion, when General
Hancock was in command of the Southern De-
partment, General Irwin was on his staff as
attorney-general, or legal adviser.
General Irwin remained in Lewistown, en-
gaged in business pursuits, for several yeare
after the war, and then removed to the State of
Indiana, where he was engaged in mining ope-
rations and railroad enterprises, and not being
successful in them, removed to the city of
Louisville, Ky. Having married (being his
second marriage) an estimable lady of that city.
146
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
he made that place his permanent residence.
His death occurred at Louisville, January 17,
1886. He leaves a widow and a son aged
about ten years in that city. He also leaves an
only daughter by his first wife, — Henrietta,
wife of John B. Hannum, Esq., a la^vyer of
Chester, Delaware County, Pa.
Brevet Captain Thomas F. McCoy was the
youngest of a family of nine children of John
and Jane McCoy, the mother being a daughter
of William Junkin, one of the early settlers in
what is now known as Bratton township,
Mif&in County. In early life and up to man-
hood his residence was in McVeytown, and
some time before going to the Mexican War,
he was the editor and publisher of the Village
Herald, a newspaper independent in politics,
published in that place. After the Mexican
War, he returned to his former home, and was
soon after elected protlionotary of the county,
in which office lie served acceptably for six
vears. Having studied law under the direc-
tion of D. W. Woods, Esq., he was admitted to
the Mifflin County bar in 1857. At the be-
ginning of the war of the late Rebellion, having
volunteered for service. Governor Curtin ap-
pointed him to the position of deputy quarter-
master-general of the State, with the rank of
lieutenant-colonel, in which he served faithfully
until August, 1862, when, preferring more ac-
tive service, he was appointed and commis-
sioned by the Governor colonel of the One
Hundred and Seventh Regiment of the Penn-
sylvania Veteran Volunteers, in the place of
Colonel Thomas A. Zeigle, deceased, and as-
sumed the actual command of the regiment,
tiien at tlie front, at Cedar Mountain, south of
Culpeper, Va., in the army of General Pope.
In this position, occasionally commanding a
brigade and detachments of several regiments,
he served from Pope's campaign of Second Bull
Run, participating in more than twenty fights
and battles, and in nearly all the movements of
the Army of the Potomac, including the nine
months' siege of Petersburg, uj) to the climax
of the war, on the 9th of April, 1865, at Ap-
pomattox Court-House, and was in the force
under Sheridan, across Lee's path, early in the
morning of that day, when the white flag ad-
vanced from the Confederate lines.
In the battle of the Weldon Railroad, near
Petersburg, August 19, 1864, Colonel McCoy
had the misfortune to fall into the hands of the
enemy ; but, with visions of Libby Prison life
before his eyes, at the imminent risk of being
shot down in the attempt, he made a successful
dash for liberty, found safety in the second
Union line of battle, and was thus saved to
command his regiment in the triumphant bat-
tle of the 21st, the second day after, on the
same field, being the third battle within four
days for the possession of the Weldon Rail-
road, where Lee's force received a disastrous
repulse, with great loss in killed, wounded and
prisoners. In General Grant's last grand flank
movement previous to crossing the James River
and advancing upon Petersburg, the Fifth
CorjJS, under General Warren, was assigned
the important duty of covering the movement
from the enemy. The One Hundred and
Seventh, under Colonel McCoy, was placed at
an important point, and performed the duty
with such success that Major-General Craw-
ford, in command of the division, gave official
acknowledgment of it in these words :
"The general commanding expresses bis satisfac-
tion at tlie efficient manner in which you and the
officers and men under your command performed the
part assigned you on tlie 13th instant, in effectually
holding your position without support."
Colonel McCoy was brevetted a brigadier-
general of United States volunteers on the rec-
ommendation of Generals Meade, Warren and
Baxter, "for gallant and meritorious conduct
during the war," his commission bearing date
from the battle and victory of the Five Forks,
in which battle, for the effective manner he
conducted and controlled his regiment, he re-
ceived the thanks of his commanding officer,
Major General Henry Baxter, on the field.
The commanding officer of the One Hundred
and Seventh was so popular with his men that
in February, 1864, they re-enlisted for the war
with great unanimity, and it was thereby recog-
nized as a " veteran regiment " by the War De-
partment, During this winter Colonel McCoy
was in the discharge of outpost duty at Mit-
THE MEXICAN WAR.
147
chell's Station, six miles south of Culpejier,
and in front of the army and near tlie cnemv,
and under circumstances of great exjjosure and
danger, and, being part of tlie time in command
of the brigade, his dispositions for the safety of
his command received the emphatic approval of
General John C. Robinson, his division com-
mander. His superior officers, under whom he
served and who had the best opportunities of
seeing and knowing, have spoken very favor-
ably of his conduct and his long and faithful
services :
"I commend him [says General Duryea, his first
brigade commander] as an ofiicer cool and deliberate
under fire, subordinate and respectful in an eminent
degree, commanding the respect and confidence of
his companions in arms, and possessing .military
ability and experience."
In the battle of Fredericksburg, December
13, 1862, in the successful charge made by the
divisions of Meade and Gibbon, Colonel Mc-
Coy's regiment was in the line of battle that
charged upon and carried the enemy's works,
and for his conduct and that of his regiment
(losing more than one-foiu-th of his men in
killed and wounded) received high commend-
ation, in the official rei)ort of the battle, by
Brevet Major-Gcneral Root, his brigade com-
mander. In the disastrous battle of Chancel-
lorsville it became his duty to hold the skir-
mish line on the right of the army for two days
and nights without relief This was in that
part of the field where Stonewall Jackson had
surprised the Eleventh Corps, and was himself
mortally wounded in the night of May 2, 1863.
At Mine Run he was designated, with his regi-
ment, to lead the brigade in the charge. In
the hotly-contested battle of Dabney's Mill, on
the left of the Petersburg line, on the 6th and
7th of February, 1865, the One Hundred and
Seventh, in two charges upon the enemy, met
with the loss of nearly one-third of the number
engaged. Brevet Brigadier-General Henry
Morrow, commanding the brigade, having been
dangerously wounded, in the midst of the
battle passed, with the brigade flag which he
had been gallantly bearing, the command to
Colonel McCoy, and immediately left the field
for surgical treatment. He, after the battle,
gave the following testimony as to the services
of Colonel McCoy in these two days of battle,
most of the time in a storm of sleet and snow,
with consequent wintry exposure and suffering
to the soldiers :
"His conduct there was such as to win my highest
regards, and I did not fail to do him and his gallant
regiment full justice in my report of the battle. I was
wounded in the first day's fight and before it closed,
and he then assumed command of the brigade,
and commanded it during the next day, and so far as
his conduct came under my observation, it was such
as to inspire me with a nigh regard for his courage as
a man and skill as an ofiicer; and from all I have
heard from Genl. Crawford and others, I know his
conduct during the whole engagement to have been
gallant and skillful."
General Peter Lyle, one of his brigade com-
manders, speaks of his " gallant and meritorious
conduct whilst under my command, particularly
diu-ing campaigns from the battles around Spott-
sylvania Court-House to the Weldon Railroad,
having been associated with him from October,
1862, until September, 1864, and can testify to
his ability and bravery as an officer." His division
commander. Brevet Major-General John C. Rob-
inson, late Lieutenant-Governor of the State of
New York, and a retired officer in the United
States army, has made this record of the One
Hundred and Seventh Regiment and its com-
mander,—
" The One Hundred and Seventh Regiment was
with me at the second crossing at Fredericksburg,
Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilderness,
and Spottsylvania Court-House. That it was with
the division under my command from December,
1862, until the time I was severely wounded in 18G4.
Besides the battles above-named, it took part in other
movements and demonstrations. That it occupied at
times very responsible and exposed positions, and at
all times, in battle, in camp and on the march, it gave
me perfect satisiaotion. I always found the regiment
and its gallant and faithful colonel ready for any duty
required, and regarded it as one of the most reliable
of the many excellent regiments in the division I had
the honor to command.
"That it took part in many of the important battles
of the war, with credit to itself and its commander
and with honor to the State of Pennsylvania. That
at all times and all circumstances it did its whole
duty, and enjoyed the full confidence of its division
commander."
" Since the spring of 1863 (says Brevet Major-Gen-
eral Henry Baxter,) associated in the same command.
148
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
and much of the time in my immediate brigade, I
wish to express my appreciation of his moral worth
and integrity of purpose that has governed his every
action, and the promptness and ability with which his
services have been rendered under all circumstances.
In the camp, on the long and tedious marches, and on
the battle-field, his duties have been performed with
that decision and ability which cannot but render a
command eftective and reliable, which his has ever
been. In the long list of battles since the opening of
the campaign of 1863, with Chancellorsville, and the
closing scene, on the 9th of April, 1865, at Appomat-
tox Court-House, where his services have come under
my immediate observation, I might particularize, but
will only say I had full appreciation of his own valua-
ble services and those of his command."
Major-General G. K. Warren, the gallant
and distinguished commander of the Fifth Corps,
in his history of the battle of the " Five Forks,"
takes occasion to speak of the colonel of the One
Hundred and Seventh as " one of the most
worthy officers of the corps." The more than
four years of active war experienced by the
subject of this sketch could not but furnish a
volume of interesting war reminiscences and in-
cidents of the two wars through which it was
his fortune to pass. The nine months' siege of
Petersburg was full of the wonders of war and
a period of the most absorbing interest, a large
part of the army being under the guns of the
enemy during this time. The extraordinary ex-
posures, the hair-breadth escapes from sharp-
shooters, cannon-balls, exploding of shells and
bombs, might be truly said to have been of al-
most hourly occurrence, and although in these
years of war thousands fell upon the right
and on the left, not one hair of his head was
hurt. And in his preservation from the innum-
erable missiles of death, he is free to acknowl-
edge the hand of a kind and protecting Provi-
dence.
It may be remarked here, however, that tactical
ability on the field of battle and the courage to
lead the column in the deadly charge do not
embrace all the admirable and excellent qualities
of a good army officer. Moral and religious
character are as important in army as in citizen
life, and it is one of the glories of the country
that Christian influences held high sway in our
armies, and to a much greater extent during the
operations of our late war than iu any jirevious
one in which we have been engaged. The
Christian and Sanitary Commissions repre-
sented, in a large degree, the Christian patriot-
ism of the loyal people of the country. Their
good influences were gratefully experienced in
all parts of the army, and through these organ-
izations millions of dollars of voluntary con-
tributions found a channel to comfort and en-
courage the soldier, and especially those sick and
wounded in hospital. It has been well re-
marked in Bates' " Martial Deeds," " That the
highest type of a soldier is a Christian citizen
fighting the battles of his country." To model
his command after that type was his constant
aim. To restrain that hilarity which had a ten-
dency to riotous or immoral life in the camp
was often unpopular, and unless judiciously
done was likely to draw odium upon him who
attempted it ; but the purity of life, and the
reasonable and sensible way in which General
McCoy impressed his men and his associates with
his own spirit, commanded respect." One of
the very good things that can be said of a com-
manding officer of a regiment in the war — a thing
in which many fell short — is that he encouraged
and co-operated with the chaplain in the prose-
cution of his sacred and trying duties, and in
the absence of the chaplain the commanding of-
ficer of the One Hundred and Seventh was
known to have conducted religious meetings,
and to have taken special interest in the moral
and religious welfare of his command.
Official reports of battles were not allowed to
be published during the war, but were carefully
filed away in the War Department at Washing-
ton. Since the War, Congress has authorized
their publication, and the " Annals of the
War," containing these reports, number many
volumes, and it is from these volumes that the
most interesting and accurate history of every
regiment can be obtained. The following is an
extract from Colonel McCoy's last official re-
port :
" In closing this, which will doubtless be the last
and final report of battles for this regiment, I would
express my gratitude to a kind and ever merciful
Providence that He has permitted us to pass through
the many exposures, hardships and great perils of
this last great and closing campaign of an unprece-
dented war with comparatively so little sacrifice of
THE MEXICAN WAR.
149
life and blood, and that the lives and the health of so
many brave officers and men of the regiment have
been preserved under the shield of His Almighty
power during the past three eventful years, to return
to their homes to dwell in peace, and rejoice over vio-
lated laws vindicated, a righteous government pre-
served, the Union restored, and the old flag re-estab-
lished with more than its original power, beauty and
significance in some honorable degree through the in-
strumentality."
He, with his regiment, participated in the
great review, the grandest military pageant of
the age, — of the Army of the Potomac, by the
President of the United States and General U.
S. Grant, in the city of Washington, at the
close of the war, on the 23d day of July, a.d.,
1865.
On the 13th day of July, 1865, General Mc-
Coy and his veteran regiment was mustered out
of the United States service at Ball's Cross
Roads, near the city of Washington, and be-
ing transported to Harrisburg, Pa., were paid
off at Camp Curtin, and from this point, where
more than three years before the regiment had
been organized for the war, separated with joy
and rejoicing to their respective homes, to learn
war no more. General McCoy returned to his
former home, at Lewistown, Pa., where he con-
tinues to reside.
THE WAYNE GUARDS.
The Wayne Guards, ninety-four strong, rank
and file, was composed of men from Mifflin,
Huntingdon and Blair Counties, the largest
proportion being from the upper end of Mifflin,
with about fifteen from the southeastern part of
Huntingdon, and about twenty-five from Wil-
liamsburg and that part of Blair around it.
The company was mustered into service at
Pittsburgh May 19, 1847, and officered as fol-
lows : Captain, James Caldwell ; First Lieuten-
ant, Dr. A. McKamey ; Second Lieutenant, Dr.
C. Bowers; Third Lieutenant, John A. Doyle;
Sergeants, George Filey, J. L. Madison, W. A.
McMonigle, William Westhoven ; Corporals,
J. L. Kidd, Jacob Shade, C. B. Wilson, A. W.
Clarkson.
At Pittsburgh the Wayne Guards were
joined by a company from Bedford, under Cap-
tain Taylor, and the two embarked on board
the steamer " Colonel Yell," and moved down
the river to New Orleans, where they arrived
early in July. They encamped at Plaine Chal-
mette (Camp Carlton), below the city, Mhere
large numbers of men in other commands were
sick with ineasles. The disease, however, did not
spread to any great extent among the soldiers
of the two Pennsylvania companies. After a
short stay at Plaine Chalmette the companies of
Captains Caldwell and Taylor embarked on the
ship " Florida," and proceeded to Vera Cruz,
whence they marched with the division of Gen-
eral Franklin Pierce (afterwards President of
the United States) to Puebla, where the division
joined the army of General Scott, and where the
companies of Captains Taylor and Caldwell
were assigned to the Second Pennsylvania,' the
latter being designated as M Company.
The Second Pennsylvania Regiment having
marched with its division (General Quitman's)
from Jalapa, by way of Orizaba, to Puebla,
where it received the two new companies, as
above noticed, moved thence with the army of
General Scott towards the Mexican capital.
During the campaign that succeeded it took part
in all the principal battles, including those of
Contreras, Cherubiisco, Molino del Rey, San
Pascual and at the storming of the Belen Gate
(in which last-named engagement, as also in that
of Chapultepec,^ it lost very heavily in killed
and M^ounded), and was the first regiment to
enter the city of Mexico after its surrender,
September 13, 1847. The commanding officer
of the regiment. Colonel W. B. Roberts, died
in the city on the 3d of October following, and
upon his death Lieutenant-Colonel Geary was pro-
moted to the colonelcy. Not long after the oc-
cupation the Second Regiment was moved out-
side the city, and was posted successively at sev-
eral neighboring points in the valley of Mexico,
where it remained until May, 1848, when it
marched to Vera Cruz, embarked, and proceed-
ed by sea to New Orleans, and thence by
steamers up the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers to
' The Secoud Pennsylvania Regiment, of which William
B. Roberts had been elected colonel and John W. Geary
lieutenant-colonel, had gone to Mexico several months be-
fore.
'^Captain Caldwell was wounded at Chapultepec Septem-
ber 13, 1847, and died upon the 18th of the same month.
150
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Pittsburgh, where the men were mustered out
of service on the 29th of July, 1848. On the
2d of August a grand file was given in their
honor at Newton Hamilton, Mifflin County.
The following is a roster of the Wayne
Guards:
James E. Caldwell, captain, Newton Hamilton, Mifflin
County.
Alexander McKamey, first lieutenant, Williamsburg,
Huntingdon County.
Charles Bowers, second lieutenant, Newton Hamilton,
Mifflin County.
John A. Doyle, second lieutenant, Newton Hamilton,
Mifflin County.
Joseph Madison, first sergeant, Williamsburg, Hunt-
ingdon County.
James Larimer, second sergeant. Centreville.
William A. McManigal, third sergeant, Newton
Hamilton.
William Westhoven, fourth sergeant, Newton Hamil-
ton.
Joseph L. Kidd, first corporal, Williamsburg, Hunt-
ingdon County.
Cyrus B. Wilson, second corporal, Huntingdon,
Huntingdon County.
Lorenzo E. White, third corporal, Williamsburg,
Huntingdon County.
Adam W. Clarkson, fourth corporal, Cassville, Hunt-
ingdon County.
David W. Hannah, drummer, Williamsburg, Hunt-
ingdon County.
Privates.
David Ash, Newton Hamilton, Mifflin County.
Louis Barnard, Newton Hamilton.
John B. Bond, Newton Hamilton.
Robert Barrett, Newton Hamilton.
Jackson Cornelius, Newton Hamilton.
David Copeland, Newton Hamilton.
Anthony Colabine, Newton Hamilton.
Silvester H. Campbell, Williamsburg, Huntingdon
County.
Alexander Caldwell,' Newton Hamilton, Mifflin
County.
Thomas Drake, Newton Hamilton.
David Ditch, Williamsburg.
Theodore Dixon, Newton Hamilton.
Mathew Dunlap, Williamsburg.
Charles Divans, Newton Hamilton.
Daniel D. Duncan, Pittsburgh.
Jonathan Edwards, Williamsburg.
Charles Epler, Wheeling, Va.
'Alexander Caldwell was the son of .Tames K. Caldwell,
captain of the company, who was killed in taking the city
of Mexico. Alexander Caldwell was at one time United
States Senator from the State of Kansas, and is now living
at Fort Leavenworth, in that State.
William Farren, Pittsburgh.
Eli Fockler, Williamsburg.
Hugh Gwin, Newton Hamilton.
Joseph H. Gardner, Williamsburg.
Samuel Garrett, Cassville.
SafFair Heshley, Newton Hamilton.
Jacob Higgins, Williamsburg.
Dorsey B. Houck, Williamsburg.
James Houck, Williamsburg.
Francis M. Hills, Williamsburg.
Joseph Hamilton, Williamsburg.
Eussell Harris, Pittsburgh.
Joel L. Hoover, Cassville.
John Holder, Stone Valley.
John Hurst, Stone Valley.
Henry Hockenberry, Newton Hamilt<jn.
Ira Jenkins, Stone Valley.
George W. Johnson, Pittsburgh.
John Keever, Newton Hamilton.
George Kensinger, Williamsburg.
James Long, Cassville.
Jacob McLenahen, Cassville.
Robert McCardle, Cassville.
John S. McKeirnan, Williamsburg.
William McDowell, Newton Hamilton.
Adam Morgan, Newton Hamilton.
John Montgomery, Williamsburg.
Reuben Neice, Newton Hamilton.
George Norton, Newton Hamilton.
Arthur O'Brien, Freeport.
Thomas Richardson, Newton Hamilton.
Samuel Ramsey, Stone Valley.
Thomas Roach, Williamsburg.
Austin B. Snyder, Boalsburg.
Jacob F. Schnee,Newton Hamilton.
David Shives, Cassville.
George Smith, Burnt Cabins.
Benjamin Shinn, Burnt Cabins.
Oliver Temple, Newton Hamilton.
William L. Thompson, Williamsburg.
James R. Taylor, Newton Hamilton.
Edward Toley, Newton Hamilton.
William H. Wilson, Williamsburg.
John Wingler, Newton Hamilton.
Moses Wingler, Newton Hamilton.
John Wilson, Pittsburgh.
George W. Ziders, Newton Hamilton.
It may be noticed that all from Mifflin
County are credited to Newton Hamilton, but
quite a number of them were from surrounding
townships and other parts of the county.
SOLDIEES FROM PERRY COUNTY.
Following is the muster-roll of Perry County
volunteers who served in the army during the
Mexican War :
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
151
(These troops were nearly all from the " Laii-
disburg Guards " and " Bloomtield Light In-
fantry," organized companies, but they were iipt
accepted or credited to the county as companies.
They participated in the engagements of Buena
Vista, Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras,
Cherubusco, Molino del Rey and Chapultepec.)
Lieutenant, Michael Stever.
Privates.
Hezekiah Applegate.
Joseph Addison.
George Bristline.
William Blair.
Frederick Boker.
Alexander Brown.
Jacob Bolmer.
Daniel Baskins.
Hugh Boden.
David M. Black.
Thomas O. Bryan.
John Boyer.
Martin Barnhart.
Daniel Cobeck.
Henry Charles.
Barnard Cornyn.
Hezekiah Dayton.
Peter Evinger.
Bayard H. Etter.
James Elliot.
— Ernest.
Hiram Frank.
Samuel Geyslinger.
William Hippie.
George Hatter.
Samuel Huggins, Jr.
Horting.
John Holland.
Johns.
Marshall Miller.
Dr. G. A. Miller.
James McGowan.
George Peavy.
Samuel Peck.
Charles Rosley.
Samuel Roler.
Robert Rodgers.
David Stump.
Henry Sweger.
Samuel Sweger.
Levi Sweger.
Samuel Simmons.
George Simmons.
Isaac H. Shotto.
John Snyder.
William Shull.
George K. Scholl.
Samuel B. Sipe.
John Shock.
Joseph Sullenberger.
J. Stroop Shuman.
John Simons.
William H. Titzell.
William Tagg.
Jesse Tweed.
William Trotter.
Yarns.
Andrew Wiseman.
David White.
John Williams.
W. Woodmansey.
Samuel Wolf.
Daniel Witzel.
William Willis.
SOLDIERS FROM UNION COUNTY.
The following list is from Linn's "Annals
of the Buffiilo Valley:"
Jacob App, Selinsgrove, Company C, Second Regi-
ment ; died at San Francisco, Cal., in October,
1849, aged twenty-four.
Francis R. Best, Mifflinburg, Company C, Second
Regiment ; died at Perote June 30, 1847.
Dr. Charles Bower, surgeon.
William Bruner, Hartleton.
Henry Cronmiller, Mifflinburg, Independent Rocket
and Howitzer Battery.
R. H. Forster, Mifflinburg, Company C, Second Reg-
iment.
Joseph Leopard, Kelly, Company I, First Regiment.
George Miller.
Hugh McFadden, Lewisburgh, Company C, Second
Regiment; died at Perote September 14, 1847.
William McLaughlin, Lewisburgh, Fifth United
States Infantry ; died in service.
John C. Montgomery, Company M, Second Regi-
ment.
Peter Nyhart, died January 14, 1849.
George Oliphant.
Thomas Quiddington.
Peter Yarnall.
Enos Zentmyer, First Regiment.
(The survivors of Company C returned to Danville
in August, 1848, and shortly after Lieutenant Charles
G. Frick returned the flag, tattered by the storms of
war and little left besides the staff, to Colonel Mc-
Fadden, at Lewisburgh.)
CHAPTER VII.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
The Five Counties Represented in over Seventy Regiments,
Batteries and Other Organizations — Histories of Regi-
ments and Rosters of the Troops from Mii&in, Juniata,
Snyder, Union and Perry Counties.
In the gigantic War of the Eebellion, ex-
tending through the period of four years, from
April, 1861, the five counties whose history
is especially noticed in these pages took an
honorable and patriotic part in the measures
adoj)ted for the preservation of the government
and the suppression of the attempt to destroy it
by force of arms. At the receipt of the intelli-
gence of the attack on Fort Sumter, in April,
1861, there were seen everywhere in these
counties the same demonstrations of loj'alty to
the Union, and a determination to crush out
treason at every hazard, the same enthusia.*tic
meetings and flag-raisings, the same disposition
of young men to volunteer, and of old men to
encourage and aid them in doing so, as were
found everywhere in the other counties of the
patriotic State of Pennsylvania. And later on
in the great struggle, when the Union armies be-
came wasted and weakened by the dangers and
hardships of the service, and call alter call was
made for soldiei-s to take the places of the dead
and disabled ones, there was here shown the
same determination to stand bv tiie government
152
JUxNflATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
at whatever cost, and to help to refill the
thinned ranks by repeated contributions of men
from the valleys of the Susquehanna and Ju-
niata.
The number of men so contributed by the
five counties to the armies of the United States
during the memorable period from 1861 to
1865 exceeded nine thousand, whose names are
found on the rolls of more than seventy Penn-
sylvania regiments, batteries and other militaiy
organizations, of which the following is nearly
a complete list :
The " Logan Guards," of Lewistown, Mifflin Coun-
ty ; this being the first company which reported at
the front in the great War of the Rebellion.
The Second Regiment (three mouths'), — Containing
one company from Perry County.
The Fourth (three months'), Regiment. One com-
pany from Union County.
The Seventh (three months') Regiment. — One com-
pany of Mifflin County.
The Eleventh (three months') Regiment. — Detach-
ment from Mifflin County.
The Fourteenth (three months') Regiment. — De-
tachment from Juniata County.
The Fifteenth (three months') Regiment. — Detach-
ments from Juniata and Mifflin.
The Twenty-Fifth (three months') Regiment. — Its
color company was the famed Logan Guards, of Mifflin
County, before mentioned.
The Thirty-Fourth Regiment, or Fifth Reserve
(three years'). — A company from Union County.
The Thirty-Fifth Regiment, or Sixth Reserve.
• — One company of Snyder County men.
The Thirty-Sixth Regiment, or Seventh Reserve.
— One company from Perry and a detachment of men
from Mifflin County.
The Forty-Second Regiment (the original " Buck-
tails"). — Men of Juniata, and one company from
Perry County.
The Forty-Third (First Artillery).— Battery E of-
ficers from Union County.
The Forty- Fourth Regiment, or First Cavalry. — One
company from Mifflin and one company from Juniata
County.
The Forty-Fifth Regiment. — One company of Mif-
flin and a number of men of Juniata County.
The Forty-Sixth Regiment. — One company from
Mifflin and a detachment from Juniata County.
The Forty-Seventli Regiment. — Two companies
from Perry and a detachment from Juniata County.
The Forty-Ninth Regiment. — Three companies
from Mifflin, one company from Perry, one company
from Juniata and men from Union and Snyder Coun-
ties.
The Fifty-First Regiment. — Three companies from
Union and Snyder and men from Mifflin and Juniata
Counties.
The Fifty-Second Regiment. — One company from
Union County.
The Fifty-Third Regiment. — One company from
Juniata County, and a large detachment from Union
County.
The Fifty-Sixth Regiment.— Men of Union County.
The Seventy-Fourth Regiment. — One company
from Snyder County.
The Seventy-Seventh Regiment. — A large detach-
ment from Juniata County and men from Perry
County.
The Seventy-Eighth Regiment. One company from
Mifflin and a number of men from Perry County.
The Seventy-Ninth Regiment. — A few men from
Perry, Juniata and Mifflin Counties.
The Eighty-Third Regiment. — Small detachment
from Perry County.
The Ninety-Second Regiment (Ninth Cavalry). —
Six companies from Perry County and large detach-
ments from Mifflin and Juniata Counties.
The One Hundred and First Regiment. — Two com-
panies from Juniata County.
The One Hundred and Fourth Regiment. — Men
from Perry County.
The One Hundred and Sixth Regiment. — Men from
Perry and Juniata Counties.
The One Hundred and Seventh Regiment.— Men
from Perry County, and one company from Mifflin.
The One Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment
(Twelfth Cavalry). — One company principally raised
in Juniata County, and men from Juniata, Mifflin and
Union in another company.
The One Hundred and Twenty-Sixth (nine
months') Regiment. — Two companies from Juniata
County.
The One Hundred and Thirty-First (nine months')
Regiment. — Three companies from Mifflin, one com-
pany from Union and one from Snyder County.
The One Hundred and Thirty -Third (nine months')
Regiment. — Three companies from Perry County.
The One Hundred and Fortieth Regiment. — De-
tachment from Perry County.
The One Hundred and Forty-Second Regiment.
— One company from Union County.
The One Hundred and Forty-Ninth Regiment
(" Bucktail Brigade "). — Men from Perry, Mifflin and
Juniata Counties.
The One Hundred and Fiftieth Regiment. — A num-
ber of men from Perry and one company from Union
County.
The One Hundred and Fifty-First (nine months')
Regiment. — One company from Juniata County.
The One Hundred and Fifty-Second Regiment
(Third Heavy Artillery). — Detachment from Juniata
County.
The One Hundred and Fifty-Eighth Regiment. —
Detachment from Perry County.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
153
The One Hundred and Sixty-First Regiment (Six-
teenth Cavah-y). — One company from Juniata Countj%
one company from Mifflin and detachments from
Union, Snyder and Perry Counties.
The One Hundred and Sixty-Second Regiment
(Seventeentli Cavalry). — One company principally
from Perry County.
The One Hundred and Sixty-Sixth Regiment. —
A number of men from Perry County.
The One Hundred and Seventy-First (nine months')
Regiment. — One company from Juniata County.
The One Hundred and Seventy-Third Regiment
(drafted militia, nine months'). — One company from
Perry.
The One Hundred and Eighty-First Regiment
(Twentieth Cavalry).- — One company from Mifflin
and detachments from Union and Perry.
The One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Regiment.
— Two companies from Snyder, two companies made
up largely of men from MifHin and a detachment
from Union County.
The One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Regiment
(Twenty-Second Cavalry). — Detachment from Mif-
flin.
The One Hundred and Eighty-Seventh Regiment.
— Detachment from Perry County.
The One Hundred and Eighty-Eighth Regiment. —
Detachment from Juniata County.
The One Hundred and Ninety-Fourth Regiment
(one hundred days'). — One company from Mifflin
County.
The One Hundred and Ninety-Fifth Regiment
(one hundred days'). — Large detachment from Mifflin
County.
The Two Hundred and First Regiment (one year).
— Detachment from Perry County.
The Two Hundred and Second Regiment (one
year). — One company from Union and one company
principally from Juniata County.
The Two Hundred and Fifth Regiment (one year).
— Two companies from Mifflin County.
The Two Hundred and Eighth Regiment. — Two
companies from Snyder and four companies from
Perry County.
The Two Hundred and Tenth Regiment. — Parts of
two companies from Mifflin County.
The Two Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment (one
hundred days). — Large detachment from Juniata
County.
Besides the companies and detachments
noticed in the preceding list, large numbers of
men of the five counties were enlisted for
service in the regular army, and in the militia
and emergency troops that were called out to
repel the Confederate invasions of 1862 and
1863. Brief historical sketches are given in
following pages of the organization and war
.services of such regiments as were most notice-
able for the number of men from these five
counties serving in their ranks; the .sketches
being, in general, accompanied by li.sts of the
officers and men referred t<^>, copied from the
rolls in the adjutant-general's office at Harris-
burg, verified, corrected and added to in accord-
ance with such information (deemed reliable) as
it has been found practicable to obtain from
veterans of the war and from other sources.
LOGAN GUARDS.
The Logan Guards, a volunteer military
organization of Lewistown, Mifflin County,
was the first company accepted, and placed
imder marching orders, by the Governor of
Penn.sylvania, on receipt of the President's call
for troops after the surrender of Fort Sumter ; '
it was one of the first five companies that
marched to the defense of the National capital in
that dire emergency ; and of all the mighty
Union ho.st that was marshaled in tlie great
War of the Rebellion, this company from the
Juniata Valley was tha first that reported for
duty at the front, facing the hostile Confederate
lines.
The company had been formed and organized
in 1858, at Lewistown, through the etforts and
influence of a number of the citizens of the
place, prominent among whom are mentioned
Robert W. Patten, Frank Sterrett, J. Ard
Matthews, William B. Weber, George W. Gib-
son and Jacob F. Hamaker,- under whose call
' "The Logan Guards, of Lewistown, could muster but
twenty-six members ; but on receipt of a lelegram from
Governor Curtin, dated .■Vpril 16th, accepting theii- services,
and urging them to lose no time in moving, the drum-call
was soon heard along the streets, and in less than an hour
one hundred and sis men, including the twenty-six origi-
nal members, were in line and ready to march. At ten
o'clock P.M.. of the same day, the company moved to
the station on the opposite bank of the Juniata River, but,
owing to a lack of transportation, it did not reach Harris-
burg till the morning of the 17th." — Bales' " History
Pennxylvania Volunteers" vol. i. p. 4.
^ The following, with reference to the formation of the
Logan Guards, is from the pen of William F. McCay, of
Lewistown :
'• The militia law in force thirty-five and forty years ago
required everj- able-bodied citizen under a certain age to
do military duty or pay a fine. 'Battalion day.' as the
'training' days were then called, was considered sort of a
154
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
and invitation two public meetings were held at
the town hall, and at the second of these, held
August 7, 1858, a committee, previously ap-
holiday and brought many people together to ■witness the
evolutions of the troops and to admire the showy uniform
then in use. and it was the delight of the small boy (the
writer being one of them) to accompany the 'sogers' as
they marched and countermarched through the streets,
their only regret being that they were not big enough to
wear a uniform and play soldier. Who that has ever seen
them can forget the uniform then in use— the heavy leath-
er hat, with different-colored pompons thereon, and
brightly-burnished brasses ; the swallow-tailed uniform
coats, with three rows of buttons down the breast, and
which was either red, buft" or blue, indicating the arm of
the service to which the wearer belonged, the breasts being
padded so as to give military bearing to the wearer ; the
heavy-colored epaulettes; the stiff leather stock, worn
around the neck to keep the head up in the proper posi-
tion, and in summer the white pantaloons stretched to the
utmost by straps attached, which were placed under the
feet. The officers especially, and they were legion, were
simply grand in gold and silver braid and heavy bullion
epaulettes. The staff particularly presented a magnificent
appearance, mounted upon spirited horses, with their fine
trappings, showy uniform and nodding plumes. The uni-
form then worn by volunteers was simply gorgeous in com-
parison with the uniform now worn by citizen military.
This militia law, having become very unpopular with the
people, was repealed prior to the Mexican War. To show
their disapprobation, the citizens frequently appeared on
training day armed with corn-stalks and broom-sticks,
until it became a farce. Almost every third man became
an officer of some kind or other and the title of general,
colonel or captain attached to his name.
" The old militia law having died, very few military organ-
izations were maintained outside the larger cities. How-
ever, in 1857 a new law was enacted by the Legislature
which encouraged the formation of volunteer militrry or-
ganizations. The law made generous provision for both
officers and men, the uniform prescribed being the one then
in use by the United States Regulars, and the old and
superannuated arms were condemned and supplanted by
the most improved modern guns. It was under this law
that the Logan Guards was organized. On a beautiful sum-
mer afternoon in the year 1858 five young men of Lewis-
town — R. W. Patton, Frank Sterrett, J. Ard Matthews,
William B. Weber and Jacob F. Hamaker — took a stroll out
along the Kishacoquillas Creek, and whilst resting under
the trees one of them abruptly said, 'Boys, there is lots of
material for a good military company in this town ; I pro-
pose we three talk it up among our friends and see what
we can do.' This being mutually agi-eed upon, they slowly
strolled back to town. A day or two subsequent to this,
George W. Gibson, a well-known citizen, who was a jeweler
and a man of the most generous impulses, went into the
jewelry store of R. W. Patton, on East Market Street, and
said, 'Bob, I have a proposition to make to you. Let us
get bills struck calling a meeting in the town hall to see
pointed for that purpose, submitted the consti-
tution and by-laws of the Logan Guards, which
were then adopted and signed by the following-
named original members of the company,' which
afterwards became so famous :
J. A. Mathews.
R. W. Patton.
Elias W. Eisenbise.
W. B. Weber.
D. B. Weber.
Bronsen Rothrock.
George W. Elberty.
Thomas M. Hulings.
Joseph Stidle.
S. G. McLaughlin. •
John A. McKee.
T. M. Uttley.
R. B. F. Hoover.
John Nolte.
David Wasson.
Richard C. Parker.
J. F. Hamaker.
William Hopper.
J. B. Selheimer.
Henry Walters.
P. P. Butts.
C. M. Shull.
Franklin Dearment.
George Hart.
Fred. Hart.
Charles W. Stahl,
F. R. Sterrett.
George A. Freeburn.
James Price.
William F. McCay.
Edwin E. Zeigler.
Win. G. Mitchell.
Robert D. Morton.
John Hughes.
Wm. A. Nelson.
Joseph A. Miller.
Thomas A. Nimon.
J. M. Postlethwait.
Emanuel Cole.
John T. Hunter.
James P. Smith.
Lucien T. Snyder.
James M. Jackson.
Owen M. Fowler.
Samuel Comfort.
John Spiece.
John Swan.
S. Mitchell Riden.
James Yeamans.
Frank Heisler.
Immediately following the signing of the
constitution an election M'as held, which resulted
in the unanimous choice of John B. Selheimer
what we can do towards raising a company of infantry in
our town.' Patton then told him of what had transpired
on the preceding afternoon, and said, ' Gibson, if you will
put up the bills I will go up to the Gazette office and have
them printed and pay for them.' Gibson was full of en-
thusiasm and promptly agreed. Both left the store and
each did his part of the agreement. In a very brief time
the town was billed, inviting the citizens to a meeting to
organize a military company. In the early evening the
soul-stirring music of the fife and drum was heard on the
streets, and after marching from the Red Lion Hotel (Uncle
Dan Eisenbise's), up and down Market street, the proces-
sion repaired to the hall. The meeting was a decided
success, and after an interchange of views another meeting
was arranged for, at which the company was formed and
organized."
' In consideration of contributions, the following persons
were elected honorary members : General William H.
Irwin, General T. F. McCoy, Hon. .lohn Davis, Colonel
William Butler, Major Buoy, Major Daniel Eisenbise,
Geoi-ge W. Elder, Esq., Lafayette Webb, Colonel John A.
Wright, Hon. S. S. Woods, Colonel Alfred Marks, H. J.
Walters, Esq., Samuel Aultz.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
IS.*)
as captain, Thomas W. Hulings first lieuten-
ant, John Sigler second lieutenant and John
Swan third lieutenant, with the following non-
commissioned officers and musicians : First
sergeant, H. A. Eisenbisc ; second sergeant, J.
S. Waream ; third sergeant, J. A. Mathews ;
fourth sergeant, J. F. Hamaker ; first corporal,
E. W. Eisenbise ; second corporal, P. P. Butts ;
third corporal, J. M. Nolte ; fourth corporal, F.
Hart; fifers, S. G. McLaughlin and I. F.
Cogley ; tenor drummers, Thos. Elberty and I.
Boggs ; bass drummer, John Spiece ; color-
bearer, Mitchell Riden.
The company, thus organized, at once gave
strict attention to matters of military discipline,
including squad and company drills, which were
held nearly every night in an unfurnished brick
building on Logan Street, which had been in-
tended for a church, but which was secured as an
armory and drill-room. In these drills the officers
were kindly assisted by Captain Henry Zollin-
ger, an accomplished drill officer, who had been
captain of a company at Newport, Perry
County, and who subsequently commanded a
company of the famous Forty-ninth Pennsyl-
vania in the Rebellion, and also by Captain
(afterwards General) "William H. Ir^vin, who
had served in the Mexican War, in command
of the Juniata Guards of Mifflin County. The
Logan Guards were mustered into the State ser-
vice by Major Daniel Eisenbise, the proprietor
of the Red Lion Hotel, in Lewistown, who was
always a warm and enthusiastic admirer, friend
and patron of the " Logans," and to whom
Bates, in his " History of the Pennsylvania
Volunteers," gives the credit of being the pro-
moter of their organization, viz. :
"The 'Logan Guards,' a volunteer company, was
organized by Major Daniel Eisenbise, inspector of
the Second Brigade, Fourteenth Division Pennsyl-
vania Militia. In the month of July, 1858, John B.
Selheimer was elected captain, and commissioned on
the 7th of August. The company met for parade ana
drill about once a month, and participated in volun-
teer encampments at Lewistown in the fall of 1859,
and at Huntingdon in 1860, both under command of
Major-General William H. Keim. It participated in
the ceremonies incid'cnt to the inauguration of Gov-
ernor Curtin, in January, 1861, and in the reception
of Mr. Lincoln, President-elect, on the 22d of Feb-
ruary following.''
The company having preserved its organiza-
tion, and, to a great extent, its esprit du c.ovj)s<,
and being thus in a condition to be rapidly re-
cruited and made ready for actual <luty in tlio
field, its services were tendered in advance by
Captain Selheimer to Governor Curtin, in an-
ticipation of the emergency that arose imnicdi-
ately afterwards, so that when, on the 16tli of
April, the message came from the Governor, ac-
cepting the company and ordering it forward, its
ranks were filled by recruitment in a single
hour,^ and in the evening of the same day
marched across the Juniata to the Pennsylvania
Railroad, by which, after a few hours of wait-
' Mr. McCay tells the story of the rapid filling of the
" Logans' " ranks, and their prompt departure, as follows i
" Upon the receipt of the telegram from Governor Curtin,
ordering us to proceed to Harrisburg immediately, Captain
.Selheimer responded by telegram that we were coming.
He at once opened a recruiting office in the National Hotel,
and in one hour had recruited a full company (ninety-one)
of picked men, and was obliged to refuse the services of
many who wished to go. The soul-inspiring music of the
fife and drum was heard upon the streets, and the mem-
bers made hurried preparations to leave. Very many left
their business with no one to attend to it. The news
spread rapidly and the farmers came into town by scores.
The greatest excitement prevailed, extending even to the
women and children, and as the shades of night came on.
the streets in front of the Red Lion hotel and in front of
the court-house were densely packed with men, women and
children. It seemed, indeed, as if everybody had left
their homes to bid us good-by. Many never expected to
see us return, as the most exaggerated rumors were in cir-
culation, one of which was that the rebels had captured
Washington and Baltimore, and were then m.arching on to
Harrisburg. All the original members promptly left their
business to attend to itself, and amid the tears and lamen-
tations of relatives, — mothers and fathers, wives, sisters,
sweethearts and friends, — the company having formed in
front of the old Red Lion Hotel, and preceded by our band of
martial music, the Logans took up the line of march to the
(new) junction, the boys stepping off in quick time to the
tune of ' The girl I left behind me.' A great many persons
accompanied us to the railroad, when we found that, owing
to lack of transportation, we could not get away till near
morning. \ few returned to town, but the great m.ijority
remained at the depot, not wishing to again undergo the
pain of parting with their loved ones. However, in the
eiirly morning we got aboard of the morning passenger-
train, which soon Landed us safely in Harrisburg on the
17th of April. In a very short time we were joined by
the Ringgold .\rtillery, of Reading, which was followed by
the Pottsville companies and the .\llen Infantry, of Allen-
town. Everything was in a state of the utmost confusion
in Harrisburg.''
156
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
ing for the trains, it was transported to Harris-
burg, where it arrived early on the morning of
the 17th, and was joined by four other vol-
unteer companies, viz., — the Ringgold Light
Artillery, of Reading, the Washington Artillery
and National lAght Infantry, of Pottsville, and
the Allen Rifles, of Allentown, — in all, five
hundred and thirty soldiers of Pennsylvania, on
their way to the defense of the capital of the
nation.
On the following morning (Thursday, April
18, 1861) these companies were mustered into
the service of the United States for three
months, by Captain Seneca G. Simmons, of the
Seventh Regular Infantry, and immediately after-
wards left Harrisburg, for Baltimore, Md., by
a railway train, on which was also a detachment
of about fifty men of the Fourth (regular) Artil-
lery, from one of the western posts, and bound
for Fort McHenry, in Baltimore Harbor. This
detacliment ^vas under command of Lieutenaut
Pcmberton, afterwards the Confederate lieuten-
ant-general, who commanded, and finally surren-
dered, the stronghold of Vicksburg, Miss.
On arriving at Baltimore they found the
streets of that city (through which it was neces-
sary for them to march nearly two miles on
their way to the Warrington depot) filled and
blockaded by a large and excited mob of men,
who were ready, at a word, to make as bloody
and brutal an attack ' on them as the same mob
'"As we neared the city of Baltimore," says Mr.
McCay, " alarming reports began to reach us, the mob
having declared that rather than allow any Union troops
to pass through tlieir city they would kill us to a man.
Captain Selheimer, Hidings and Irwin and others cautioned
us not to resent anything, as we were comparatively de-
fenseless, the only arras being about forty muskets belong.
ing to our company and the sabres worn by the Kinggolds,
who were in the rear. Some of our men had secured some
gun caps, and these were put upon muskets which in some
<!ases were not loaded. As we alighted from the cars at
the city limits we were met by a howling mob which
hurled the most abusive epithets upon us. The regulars
took the advance (they left us, however, before we got half-
way through the city), followed by the Logans, our beauti-
ful flag being carried by Will Mitchell. (He rose to the
rank of brevet brigadier-general of volunteers, chief of
staff to General Hancock, and, just previous to his untimely
«nd, was made an assistant adjutant-general United States
army, being the first appointment made by President Gar-
field. His honored dust now lies in St. Mark's Cemetery.)
made on the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment in
their march through the city on the following
day. The companies, however, promptly left
the train on arrival, and were formed in bat-
talion in the following order; The detach-
ment of regulars on the right; next, the
Logan Guards ; then the Allen Rifles, the
Washington Artillery and the National
I.iight Infantry, with the Ringgold Light Artil-
lery as a rear-guard. "As the column was
forming, near Bolton Station,^ the police of Bal-
timore appeared in large force, headed by Mar-
shal Kane, and followed by a mob, who at once
commenced an attack on the volunteers, counte-
nanced by a portion of the police sent to give
safe conduct through the city. Orders were
given to the men to preserve their temper, and
make no reply to anything that shoidd be said
to them. At the command ' forward !' the mob
commenced hooting, jeering and yelling, and
proclaimed, with oaths, that the troops should
not pass through their city to fight the South.
"Arriving near the centre of the city, Pem-
berton, with his regulars, filed off" towards Fort
McHenry, leaving the volunteers to pursue their
way through the city as best they could. At
A line of police, headed by Marshal Kane, kept the crowd
back somewhat, but as we slowly neared the other depot
the mob was increased by thousands, and when the police
left us at the depot they were more brutal and abusive
than ever. Tearing up the cobble-stones, they hurled a
continuous stream of missiles through the open doors of the
box-cars on which we had been placed. They attempted
to break the decks of the cars in by jumping on them.
Several times, indeed, they uncoupled the engine
and endeavored to tear up the rails in front of us.
Some of the stoutest of our boys, when they could stand
no further abuse, jumped out of the car and offered to fight
the whole crowd one by one. This seemed to please them,
and they told us that as we were neighbors, and did not
amount to much anyhow, they would let us go, but they
said ' we'll give them Massachusetts Yankees hell ; they
shall never go through this city,' and other such remarks.
They made their threat good the next d,^y, when the terri-
ble street fighting between the mob and the Sixth Massa-
chusetts occurred.
"As we had been told that we would draw new uni-
forms at Harrisburg, our men did not present a very cred-
itable appearance, having left home with the most dilapi-
dated clothes they could find. This is why the mob at Balti-
more called us convicts and poor-house paupers, and said
that Pennsylvania had emptied its jails and poor-houses
to send down there to be food for Southern powder."
'' Bates' '' History Pennsylvania Volunteers."
THE WAK FOR THE UNION.
167
this juncture the mob were excited to a perfect
frenzy, brealving the line of the police, and
pushing through the files of men, in an attempt
to break the column. Every insult that could
be heaped upon the troops was offered, but no
word of reply was elicited, the officers and men
marching steadily on towards Camden Station.
At every step the mob increased, until it num-
bered thousands of the most determined and
desperate rebels of the war.
" The Logan Guard was armed with thirty-four
Springfield muskets, whicii had been drawn from
the national armory on a requisition from thead-
jutaut-general of Pennsylvania at the time of its
organization, in 1858, and thirty-four of their
number, carrying them, were uniformed pre-
cisely like the regulars. The officers and some
of the men wore revolvers at their sides, well
loaded. Aside from these, there was not a charge
of powder in the five companies ; but one of the
men of the Logan Guards, happening to have a
box of percussion caps in his pocket, had pre-
viously distributed them to his comrades, and the
thirty-four muskets of the Guards were capped,
and carried, half-cocked, at a support arms,
creating the impression in the mob that these
muskets were loaded, and ^^•ould be used against
them if they attemjDted an assault." It was
believed that this little ruse of capping the un-
loaded muskets awed the mob, and prevented
a bloody conflict between them and the sol-
diers.
Finally the Pennsylvania companies reached the
Camden Station, where they at once took the train
for Washington, and at seven o'clock the same
evening reached the city, and,by order of Major
Irwin McDowell' (who had assumed command
of the troops on their arrival), marched to, and
occupied the Capitol building,' which they at
1 Afterwards Major-General McDowell, U. S. A.
2 " We finally reached ihe Baltimore and Ohio depot at
Washington about dusk, and marched to the Capitol build-
ing, the Logans being on the right of the line, and conse-
quently the first company of volunteers to enter the Capitol
building for its defense. We were very tired and hungry,
but immediately began to barricade all the open space and
corridors in the building with cement barrels and the iron
plates which were intended for the dome, it being unfinished.
In a short time every gas-jet was lighted, and the seces-
sionists down in the city (and they were legion) heard
once proceeded to strengthen by barricades.
"The night of the 18th passed quietly away,
and at daybreak of the 19th the morning report
of the Logan Guard, officially signed, washanded
by the first sergeant of the company to ^\.dju-
tant-General Thomas, that officer remarking
that it was the first official volunteer report
received." ^
On their arrival at the Capitol, the men of
the Pennsylvania companies wei-e armed, equip-
ped and provided with ammunition, and they
continued to occupy the building eleven days,
at the end of which time the Logan Guard and
the two Pottsville companies were ordered to
Fort Washington, located fourteen miles below
the city, on the Maryland side of the Potomac,
nearly opposite the Washington mansion and
tomb at Mount Vernon. The fort was com-
manded by Brevet-Major J. A. Haskins, a one-
armed veteran of the Mexican War, and under
him, at this post, the three volunteer companies
remained on duty through all the remainder of
their term of service.^
that ten thousand Yankee volunteers had just marched
into the Capitol. Many believing this, did not wait for the
morrow, but ' skedaddled ' in hot haste across the Long
Bridge, and down the river to Alexandria, which was garri-
soned by General Ben. McCullough with eight thousand
men. We got our first taste of hard-tack and bacon that
night, and one of our Logans absolutely shed tears because
he could not get more than one teaspoonful of sugar in his
cofiFee. This young man found afterward how to endure
privations, made a good soldier, and by his own merits rose
to the rank of captain in the Forty-Ninth Pennsylvania
Volunteers. We occupied the hall of the House, and while
there we organized a Congress of our own, George W. Elb-
erty being elected the Speaker." — W. F. McCay.
3 Bates.
*" We were put upon fatigue duty (says Mr. McCay)
upon our arrival at Fort Washington, and placed under
the most rigid discipline. Major Haskin, who commanded
the garrison, was a brave and gallant soldier, a Christian
gentleman and a strict disciplinarian, and very soon won
the esteem and good-will of every Logan, and when we were
about to come home, at the expiration of our time, he shed
tears, and could not master his emotions when he said that
we were all perfect gentlemen. Assisted by the officers,
we soon became the equ.al, if not the superior, of the com-
pany of the First .-irtillery and the company of recruits
stationed there. We mouuteJ all the guns which com-
manded the river for miles up and down stream, and every
vessel or boat, large or small, had to stop and give an ac-
count of themselves. If they did not, an eight-inch shell
was quietly dropped over their bows, which soon brought
158
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
In the intense excitement which everywhere
prevailed from the time of the marching of
these first five companies, it appears that the
State authorities forgot or overlooked the right
of these companies to be assigned to and desig-
nated as the First Kegiment of Pennsylvania
Volunteers ; and it was not until two hundred
and forty other companies of later date
had been organized and assigned to numerical
precedence in the State service, that the claims
of these " first defenders " were remembered,
and they were then organized as a part of the
Twenty-fifth Regiment, which was the last of
Pennsylvania troops enlisted for the three
mouths' service. Of this I'egiment, which was
organized before the departure of the com-
them to terms. On the land sides all the trees were cut
away to get range for the heavy guns and the howitzers
in the flanking casemates. Comfortable quarters were
erected, and Rev. Harris, who was the chaplain in Fort
Sumter when it was evacuated, was the chaplain of the post.
Mount Vernon, the home in life, and tomb in death, of
General Washington, the father of his country, was nearly
opposite, on the other side of the river. Some of our boys
would frequently swim the river, which is nearly a mile
wide at this place. On that extreme hot Sunday when
the disastrous battle of Bull Run was fought, we couid
hear the sound of conflict quite plainly, and when the
major received a dispatch that our army was out to pieces
and in full retreat, and to be jirepared for a night attaclc,
the water battery was reinforced by Captain Wren's com-
pany. Extra heavy details were made for the rifle battery,
the guns were trained and loaded, and the howitzers on the
land side were double-shotted. Videttes were placed out
on all the roads, and tlie men stood to their arms that long
and gloomy night. Our time was now expired for wliich
we had enlisted, but at the request of the government we
remained two weeks longer. It is an open secret now that
if the Confederates had pushed right on they could have
captured Washington quite easily, there being no organized
force to speak of to oppose them. Even after the arrival
of the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment, the Confederate force
under General Ben. JlcCuUoch could easily have captured the
city, — that is, before the way was opened, and the blockade
raised for the passage of loyal troops from the North."
In referring to ihis, Mr. Lossing says, in his first volume
of the " War of the Rebellion,'' that he has heard distin-
guished officers and statesmen say that if this little band
of Pennsylvanians had not been where they were on the
18th day of April, 1861 (in the Capitol), that the President,
his Cabinet officers, heads of departments, the commander-
in-chief of the army, and many more, would have been
assassinated or taken prisoners, the public archives and
buildings seized, and .leff. Davis proclaimed dictator from
the eastern portico of the Capitol, where Mr. Lincoln had
been inaugurated just forty-five days before.
panics for Fort Washington, the Logan Guards
were designated as E, the color company.
Henry L. Cake, of Pottsville, was made colo-
nel ; Captain John B. Selheimer, of the MifHin
County company, lieutenant-colonel ; and James
H. Campbell, of Pottsville, major. By the
promotion of Captain Selheimer to the lieuten-
ant-colonelcy, Lieutenant Thomas M. Hulings
became captain, Frank R. Sterrett first lieuten-
ant and R. W. Patten second lieutenant.
Colonel Selheimer joined the regiment, which
was then ordered to march, with fifteen days'
rations and sixty rounds of ammunition, to
join Colonel Charles P. Stone's command, at
Rockville, Md. It had been the intention, at
the formation of the regiment, to concentrate
all its companies ; but when the order for the
march was issued, it did not include the com-
panies then on duty at the Arsenal and Fort
Washington, as it was deemed unwise to remove
them ; they, therefore, never did a day's duty
in the regiment to which they nominally be-
longed, but remained at the posts to which they
had been assigned. " Major Haskins, and the
efficient officers under him at the fort, worked
zealously and kindly with these troops in per-
fecting them in their duties as soldiers, and so
well did they succeed that in the single com-
pany of Logan Guards one-half of the num-
ber became commissioned officers in various
Pennsylvania regiments ; four of the number
being brevet brigadier-generals, four colonels,
four lieutenant-colonels, six majors, eighteen
captains, and thirty-two lieutenants. Among
the privates in the ranks of this company, in
their march through Baltimore, was Brigadier-
General William H. Irwin, who commanded a
brigade of General Franklin's corps at Antie-
tam ; Brevet Brigadier-General William G.
Mitchell, chief of General Hancock's staff;
Brevet Brigadier-General J. A. Matthews, who
commanded the Second Brigade of General
Hartranft's division in the Ninth Corps ; and
Brigadier-General Thomas M. Hulings, who
was killed while gallantly leading his regiment
into the thickest of the Wilderness fight." '
The invaluable services rendered to the gov-
' Bates' " History Pennsylvania Volunteers.'
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
169
ernment by the five compauies of " first de-
fenders " was acknowledged by Congress on
the day succeeding tlie disastrous battle of Bull
Run, in a resolution of thanks, such as are
never tendered by that body except for great
and signal services to the country, viz. :
"thirty-seventh congress of the united
STATES.
"July 22, 1861.
" Resolved, That the thanks of this House are due
and are hereby tendered to the five hundred and
thirty soldiers from Pennsylvania, who passed
through the mob of Baltimore and reached Washing-
ton, on the Eighteenth of April last, for the defense
of the National Capital.
"Galusha a. Grow,
" Speaker of the House of Representatives."
After having served about two w^eeks beyond
their term of enlistment, the Lewistown and
Pottsville compauies left Fort Washington for
their homes in Pennsylvania. Of the return of
the Logan Guards, one of its members (W. F.
McCay, before quoted) says, —
" Having been mustered out of the U. S. service
and received our pay in gold, we astonished the citi-
zens of Harrisburg by our soldierly appearance and
exemplary conduct. We arrived home safely. The
entire population turned out to receive us and we re-
ceived a perfect ovation. The citizens and the
' Slemmer Guards ' received us with all the honors,
the members thereof being of the most respectable
families. A bounteous and never-to-be-forgotten
dinner was provided for us in the court-house and
speeches ot welcome were made and responded to,
after which we broke ranks and the old Logan Guards
ceased to have an organized existence.
" Shortly after the war the survivors formed them-
selves into an organization called 'The Logan Guards
Association,' Colonel Selheimer being president. Ma-
jor K. W. Patton vice-president. Captain William B.
Weber treasurer. Captain Joseph S. Waream secre-
tary. Since the death of Captain Waream the va-
cancy was filled by the election of the writer as sec-
retary."
Colonel John B. Selheimer is the great-
grandson of Nicholas Selheimer, for eight
years a soldier of the "War of the Revolution,
who emigrated from Hesse Cassel, Germany,
about 176o, and settled in Franklin County,
Pa., where he engaged in farming. He married
Mary ^Miller, to whom was born five sons —
William, Conrad, George, John, Jacob — and
one daughter, Susan.
John and Jacob served in the War of 1812.
John was killed on the ship " Niagara," on
Lake Erie, while under the command of Com-
modore Perry. For the bravery displayed by
Pennsylvania troops in the engagement the
government of Pennsylvania awarded a num-
ber of silver medals, about three inches in
diameter and three-eighths of an inch in thick-
ness, one of which is still in po.ssession of the
family and contains the following inscription :
" To John Selheimer, in testimony of his patri-
otism and bravery in the naval action on Lake
Erie, September the 10th, 1813."
The birth of William Selheimer occurred in
1776, in Franklin County, from which locality
he removed to Chester County and built a
paper-mill, which was successfully conducted
for several years. About 1815 he made MifHin
County (now Juniata County), Pa., his home,
purchasing an extensive tract of land and build-
ing several dwellings and a paper-mill, which he
managed with profit until his death, in 1826.
William Selheimer married Elizabeth Houltry,
of Hagerstown, Md., whose children were Ab-
salom B., William, James, John, Patterson,
Elizabeth (Mrs. Thomas Kerr), Catherine
(Mrs. AVilliam Kirk), Mary (Mrs. William
Robison), Sarah (Mrs. John McKennan), Jane
(Mrs. John P. Low) and Mariah (Mrs. David
Dough man).
Absalom B. Selheimer, the fiither of Colonel
Selheimer, was born in 1798, in Franklin
County, Pa., and removed, with his parents, to
Chester County, and later to Juniata County,
in both of which localities he engaged in the
business of paper-making. He married, in
1821, Eleanor, daughter of Judge William
Beale, of Beale township, Juniata County,
whose children are William B., Napoleon B.,
John B., Hanibal S.
Mr. Selheimer married, a second time, in
18.33, Louisa A. Crawford, daughter of Dr.
David Crawford, whose children are Robert S.,
David Crawford, Absalom B., Jane A. (wife
of E. W. Eisenbise) and Oliver P.
The death of Mr. Selheimer occurred in Ro-
chester, N. Y., in 1852. His son. Colonel
John B. Selheimer, was born on the 18th of
August, 1826, in Milford toMuship, Juniata
160
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
County, where the days of his boyhood were
passed. His advantages of education were
those afforded by the common schools, after
which, at tlie age of sixteen, he removed to
Lewistown and became an apprentice to the
trade of a tinsmith, concluding his period of
service in Philadelphia. Returning to Lewis-
town in 1848, he established himself in the
hardware business, which, from time to time,
service during the War of the Rebellion. In
1858 the Logan Guards was organized and
elected him as their captain. About ten days
before Fort Sumter was fired upon, and Presi-
dent Lincoln issued his call for seventy-five
thousand men, the Logan Guards called a com-
pany meeting and passed resolutions offering
their services to the government. This offer
was accepted on the 16th of April, 1861, and
increased in extent, and is still successfully
conducted by him.
Colonel Selheimer was, on the 23d of March,
1850, married to Eliza Jane, daughter of
Joseph Mathews, of Lewistown. Their chil-
dren are Joseph M., Eleanor B., William L.,
Lizzie B. (Mrs. Dwight S. Beckwith, of Or-
leans County, N. Y.), Harry C, Charles M.
(deceased) and Mary L.
Colonel Selheimer was actively engaged in
two hours after the receipt of the telegram the
company was recruited to one hundred men,
who the same evening started for Harrisburg,
and at midnight of the 17th instant were
ordered by Governor Curtin to proceed to
Washington the following morning. They were
the first company who reported at Harrisburg,
and the Logan Guards had the honor of being
the first company mustered into the service of
the United States. On the morning of the
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
161
18th of April, 1861, they started for Washing-
ton with four other Pennsylvania companies,
but with no arms other than the scanty supply
brought from their homes, the State not having
been able to arm and equip them at this early
date. On reaching Baltimore the mob closed
around them, the Logan Guards, nothing
daunted, and with their colors flying, mean-
while forcing their way, with their associates,
through the hostile crowd, and reaching Wash-
ington in safety, where they handed in the first
morning report. They were for several days
quartered in the Capitol building and later
ordered to Fort Washington, where they re-
mained until their term of service expired.
The liOgan Guards, with other companies,
afterward formed the Twenty-fifth Regiment
Pennsylvania Volunteers, of which John B.
Selheimer was elected lieutenant-colonel.
Napoleon B. Selheimer, brother of the col-
onel, entered the cavalry service during the
Mexican War, and four brothers — David C,
Absalom B., Oliver P. and the subject of this
sketch — served during the War of the Rebellion.
David C. Selheimer, who was engaged in busi-
ness in South Carolina when Fort Sumter was
fired upon, at once started for the North, being
arrested on several occasions before reaching
the Union lines. He enlisted in the Ninth Regi-
ment New York Volunteers, and was after-
M'ard transferred as second lieutenant to the
Logan Guards, Forty-sixth Regiment Pennsyl-
vania Volunteers. He re-enlisted as a veteran,
and was appointed aid-de-camp on the staff of
General Joseph S. Knipe in Sherman's ISIarch
to the Sea. At the battle of Peach Tree Creek,
Ga., he received a wound which soon after
proved fatal.
Absalom B. Selheimer enlisted in 1861 as a
private in the First Pennsylvania Cavalry; was
discharged on account of illness ; on his recovery
re-enlisted for nine months and later served in
an emergency regiment. He subsequently
raised a company, of which he became captain ;
marched to Tennessee and remained until peace
was declared.
Oliver P. Selheimer enlisted when but fif-
teen years of age and served with the nine
months' volunteers.
11
Colonel Selheimer is a Democrat in politics,
as are all the members of the family. He
has been for years an influential member of his
party, and held many leading offices in both
borough and county. He was, in 1859, elected
county treasurer for a period of two yeai's. He
has also officiated as town commissioner, school
director and chief burgess of Lewistown. In
1884 he was elected for four years to the Slate
Senate from the district embracing Mifflin,
Juniata and Perry Counties, and served on the
committees on " Constitutional Reform," " Canals
and Navigation," " Military Afl^airs," " Banks,"
" Federal Relations " and " Pensions and Grat-
uities." He is identified with the Masonic
order as a member of Lewistown Lodge, No.
203, and Lewistown Commaudery, No. 26.
The following is the correct list of the
officers, non-commissioned officers and privates
immediately after Colonel Selheimer had de-
parted to assume command of the regiment as
lieutenant-colonel. This is copied from the
roll in the handwriting of General J. Ard
Mathews, deceased, and was the same as handed
to Major Haskins. The record of the different
members is also given :
Captain, Thomas M. Hulings,' afterwards colonel
Forty-Ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va. ;
body not recovered.
First Lieutenant, F. E. Sterrett, afterwards captain
Minnesota Volunteers and aid to General Sib-
ley, Minnesota Volunteers, in Indian war, North-
west.
Second Lieutenant, R. W. Patton, afterwards major
One Hundred and Thirty-Sixth Regiment Penn-
sylvania Volunteers.
Third Lieutenant, William H. Irwin,^ resigned to
accept command of Seventh Regiment Pennsyl-
vania Volunteers ; afterwards colonel Forty-
Ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers and
brigadier-general.
Henry A. Eisenbise, promoted to third lieutenant ;
afterwards lieutenant Forty-Fifth Regiment
Pennsylvania Volunteers and captain Company
A (second Logans), Forty-Sixth Regiment
Pennsylvania Volunteers; twice a prisoner nf
war.
' See biographical sketch appended to history of the
Forty-Ninth Regiment.
- See chapter ou Mexican War for sketch of General
Irwin.
162
JUNIA.TA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Orderly Sergeant, Joseph Ard Mathews, afterwards
captain and major Company A, Forty-Sixth
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers (second Lo-
gans) ; colonel One Hundred and Twenty-eighth
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers and briga-
dier-general Ninth Army Corps ; dead.
Second Sergeant, Joseph S. Waream, afterwards cap-
tain Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-First
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers ; deceased.
Third Sergeant, William B. Weber, afterwards cap-
tain Company A, Forty-Sixth Regiment Penn-
sylvania Volunteers.
Fourth Sergeant, Chauncey M. Shull.
First Corporal, Elias W. H. Eisenbise, afterwards
captain Company F, One Hundred and Seventh
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers.
Second Corporal, Porter P. Butts.
Third Corporal, John M. Nolte, afterwards first ser-
geant Company A, Forty-Sixth Regiment Penn-
sylvania Volunteers ; promoted to captain ; served
during the entire war; afterwards captain Com-
pany G, National Guards of Pennsylvania.
Fourth Corporal, Frederick Hart, sergeant Company
F, One Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania
Volunteers ; killed in first day's fight at Gettys-
burg.
Musician, Samuel G. McLaughlin ; being a cripple,
he was discharged for physical disability; now a
resident of Fowler, Mich.; an excellent fifer, his
superior has never been found.
Drummers, William Hopper, afterwards sergeant
Company A, Forty-Sixth Regiment Pennsylva-
nia Volunteers; died from wounds received at
Fredericksburg, Va. Joseph W. Postlethwaite,
no record available.
Quarterma.ster-Sergeant, David Wasson.
Commissary Sergeant, William T. McEwen, after-
wards major First Regiment Pennsylvania Cav-
alry; severely wounded in action.
Privates.
Jesse Alexander, afterwards corporal Company C,
First Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalry ; died
from wounds received in abtion.
James D. Burns, afterwards quartermaster-sergeant
Company A, Twentieth Regiment Pennsylvania
Cavalry.
William H. Bousum, supposed to be dead.
William E. Benner.
Robert Betts, afterwards private Company C, First
Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalry.
William R. Cooper, Seventy-Sixth Regiment Penn-
sylvania Volunteers; wounded in action.
William Cowdon, afterwards private Forty-Sixth
Regiment ; killed in action.
Emanuel Cole, died from exposure on the field.
Harry Comfort.
Jeremiah Cogley, afterward sergeant United States
marines; second lieutenant.
Samuel Comfort. .
Frank De Armint.
Thomas W. Dewees.
George W. Elberty, afterwards sergeant-major Forty-
Sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers.
James Eckebarger, afterwards lieutenant and captain
Forty-Ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers.
Joseph A. Fichthorn, afterwards corporal and ser-
geant Thirty-Sixth and Seventy-Eighth Regi-
ments Pennsylvania Volunteers.
George W. Freeburn.
William Butler Freeburn, afterwards lieutenant and
captain Forty-Ninth Regiment Pennsylvania
Volunteers ; died from wounds received while
laying pontoon bridge at Fredericksburg. He
volunteered for this dangerous work.
James William Henry, afterwards sergeant in the
One Hundred and Nineteenth Pennsylvania Vol-
unteers, Second Bucktails; wounded at Gettys-
burg.
John S. Kauffman, One Hundred and Thirty-First
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers.
George I. Loit.
Elias W. Link, Forty-Sixth Regiment Pennsylvania
Volunteers; killed in action.
Samuel B. Marks, afterwards second lieutenant Fourth
Regiment (emergency) Pennsylvania Militia.
William McKnew, wagon-master Fifty-Fourth Regi-
ment Pennsylvania Volunteers.
Robert D. Morton, sergeant in Twenty-Second Regi-
ment Pennsylvania Cavalry; killed inaction in
Shenandoah Valley.
John A. McKee, afterwards captain Fourth Regiment
Pennsylvania Militia.
John S. Miller, afterwards lieutenant Forty-Fifth
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers.
Robert A. Mathews.
Joseph A. Miller.
Thomas D. Nurse, afterwards corporal Company A,
Forty-Sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers;
killed at Antietam.
William A. Nelson, afterwards captain Company K,
Thirty-Sixth Regiment (emergency) Pennsylva-
nia Militia.
Robert Nelson, afterwards private Thirty-Sixth Regi-
ment Pennsylvania Volunteers ; died and was
buried at Charlotteville, Blair County, Pa.
John A. Nale, afterwards corporal Company F, One
Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers;
killed at battle of South Mountain.
John W. Postlethwaite.
James Xenophon Sterrett, afterwards second lieuten-
ant Company D, One Hundred and Seventh
Regiment Penn.sylvania Volunteers.
Charles W. Stahl, deceased.
Thomas M. Uttley, afterwards clerk in quartermas-
ter-general's office and adjutant Thirty-Sixth
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
163
David B. Weber, afterwards lieutenant Two Hundred
and Fifth and One Hundred and Thirty-First
Regiments Pennsylvania Volunteers.
George White, afterwards sergeant First Regiment
Pennsylvania Cavalry; died from wounds.
William F. McCay, afterwards acting hospital stew-
ard One Hundred and Seventh Regiment Penn-
.sylvania Volunteers and sergeant-major Fifth
Regiment United States Cavalry.
J. Bingham Farrer, killed by a collision soon after
the war.
Owen M. Fowler (printer), afterwards captain United
States Colored Troops ; died in Shamokin, Pa.
John T. Hunter, afterwards captain First Regiment
United States Colored Troops ; died from wounds
received at Fort Wagner, South Carolina.
James M. Jackson, afterwards hospital steward, three
months' service, and in the Twelfth United
States Infantry ; now of Philadelphia.
James N. Roger, a Mexican War veteran ; dead.
Augustus Edward Smith, afterwards second sergeant
Company F, One Hundred and Seventh Regi-
ment Pennsylvania Volunteers ; discharged for
disability ; afterward first duty sergeant in
Twenty-Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers.
James P. Smith (Sugar Jim), afterwards captain
Forty-Ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers.
Theodore Smith, afterwards corporal and sergeant in
Two Hundred and Fifth and One Hundred and
Thirty-First Regiments ; sergeant in Third
Logan (Company G), Fifth Regiment National
Guards.
Gideon M. Tice, died from disease contracted in the
service; member of Huliugs Post, Grand Army
of the Republic.
Gilbert Waters, afterwards lieutenant and captain
Ninth Regiaient Pennsylvania Cavalry ; killed
while leading his squad in a charge at Win-
chester, Ky.
Abraham Files, afterwards a member of the One
Hundred and Thirty-First Pennsylvania Volun-
teers.
Paniel Wertz, died in 1862 of rheumatism con-
tracted in the service.
Edwin E. Zeigler, afterwards lieutenant Forty-Ninth
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers ; captain and
major One Hundred and Seventh Regiment
Pennsylvania Volunteers ; was made the brevet
colonel at the close of the war, and is now gen-
eral freight and passenger agent of the Alle-
gheny Valley Railroad at Allegheny City, Pa.
Lucian T. Snyder, (printer and reporter) ; he had the
honor of being the cleanest soldier in the gar-
rison of Fort Washington, and on that account
was invariably selected as foot orderly to the
commanding officer when detailed for guard
dutv.
Henry F. Keiser, afterwards private in Forty-Ninth
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers; slightly
wounded on the Peninsula under General Mc-
Clellan ; lost his eye-sight by reason of exposure,
etc., in the field ; reported dead.
Charles E. Lamb, afterward sergeant First Regiment
District Columbia Volunteers; died from disease
contracted in the service.
Henry Printz, afterwards sergeant Forty-Sixth
and lieutenant Two Hundred and Fifth Regi-
ments Pennsylvania Volunteers ; discharged by
reason of wounds received in action at the battle
of Mount Jackson, Va.
Daniel Fissler, afterwards member of Stevens' Light
Battery; served during entire war; no further
record ; supposed to be dead.
John Hughes, since member Twentieth Regiment
Pennsylvania Cavalry; died at Newton Hamil-
ton from disease contracted on the field.
John W. Jones, afterwards sergeant and lieutenant
One Hundred and Seventh Regiment Pennsyl-
vania Volunteers ; also quartermaster in the
Twelfth Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalry.
Thomas Kinkead, afterwards private in Forty-Sixth
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers ; killed in
battle.
John S. Langton, farmer, Decatur, 111.
General William Galbraith Mitchell, volunteered as
a private ; carried the Logan flag through the
mob at Baltimore at the head of the column ;
promoted to adjutant Seventh (three months')
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and after-
ward captain in Forty-Ninth Regiment Pennsyl-
vania Volunteers, where, by his soldierly quali-
ties he attracted the attention of General Han-
cock. His gentlemanly deportment and gallant
bearing caused him to be promoted rapidly. It
is said that at the battle of Gettysburg, Hancock
being severely wounded, General Mitchell, with-
out any ordera, placed Stannard's Iron Brigade to
make a rush fisr Little Round Top, the key of
the position. They reached there just in time to
repel a heavy rebel infantry force who were
almost up the hill. He participated in all the
battles with the Army of the Potomac and ren-
dered great service to his country. He finally
became chief of staff to General Hancock, and
upon the election of General Garfield he was
appointed assistant adjutant-general at the re-
quest of General Hancock, this being the very
first appointment made by President Garfield.
He did not live long thereafter. He was taken
ill suddenly and after a brief sickness departed
this life at Governor's Island, May 29, 1883,
leaving a widow" and family. His death was
deplored by many eminent men. His honored
remains were brought to Lewistown, his surviv-
ing comrades of the Logan Guards escorting them
to their last resting-place in St. JIark's Episco-
16i
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
pal Cemetery. His ancestors were among the
earliest settlers in this county. One of them
gave the ground gratuitously for the court-house,
school-house and jail.
William Sherwood, afterwards lieutenant and cap-
tain Forty-ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Vol-
unteers ; served the entire war.
Nathaniel Scott, afterwards a member First Regi-
ment Pennsylvania Cavalry; died in the service.
George Ard Snyder, re-enlisted in One Hundred and
Thirty-first and Seventy-eighth Regiments Penn-
sylvania Volunteers.
Frank Wentz, afterwards first sergeant Company F,
One Hundred and Seventh Regiment Pennsyl-
vania Volunteers ; promoted to first lieutenant
and brevet captain ; was severely wounded in
the first day's fight at Gettysburg.
Henry G. Walters.
Philip Winterode, afterwards a private in the
Forty-ninth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers ; he participated in all the actions in which
that fighting regiment was engaged, and in one
of which he was wounded ; he was killed on
the Pennsylvania Railroad near Harrisburg, by
being run over by a train.
This ends the list. Most of those who vol-
unteered for the defense of the Union have
long since gone to join the great majority on
the other side, and there are not more than
twenty who have survived. The remnant of
what once was the beautiful flag of the Logan
Guards is now the property and has been
placed in the custody of Colonel John B. Sel-
heimer for safe keeping, he being the senior
officer.
SECOND REGIMENT.
The Second Regiment (three months' service)
contained one company of men recruited at
New Bloomfield, Perry County. This was
Company D, commanded by Captain Henry D.
Woodruff. This, as well as the other companies
of the regiment, was hastily recruited under the
President's call for volunteers, the enlistments
commencing on the day of the call (April 15,
1861), and the company being completed and
mustered into the service on the 20th of the
same month. The regiment was organized at
Camp Curtin on the 21st, under command of
Colonel Frederick S. Stumhaugh, and on the
evening of the same day left Harrisburg for
Washington ; but on reaching Cockeystown,
Md., it was found that the railroad bridge at
that place had been destroyed, and thereupon
the regiment returned to York, Pa., and there
remained in a camp of instruction until June
1st, when it was ordered to Chambersburg, Pa.,
where it was assigned to duty in Colonel Wyn-
koop's (Second) brigade of the (Second) di-
vision commanded by Major-General William
S. Keim, in the Department of Washington,
under Major-General Eobert Patterson.
At Chambersburg the regiment remained
until June 16th, A'hen it crossed the Potomac,
and with other troops advanced to Martinsburg,
Va. On the 15th of July it was again ad-
vanced to Bunker Hill, Va., in the expectation
of a combined movement against the enemy on
the 16th. The projected movement, however,
was not made, and the regiment was not called
on to take part in actual battle. On the 23d of
July — its term of service having already expired
— the Second marched from Charlestowu, Va.,
to Harper's Ferry, whence it was transported by
railroad to Harrisburg, and was there mustered
out of the service on the 26th of July.
Company D, Perry County. — This com-
pany engaged in no battle of the war, its du-
ties being chiefly to guard ; yet their detei'mina-
tion was as good and their patriotism as pure
as any band of men who ever left home for the
army. They were mustered into service on the
21.st of April and mustered out on the 26th of
July, 1861.
Captain, H. D. Woodruff; residence, Bloomfield.
First Lieutenant, J. H. Crist; residence, Newport.
Second Lieutenant, C. K. Brenneman; residence,
Newport.
First Sergeant, Joseph Fry ; residence, Bloomfield.
Second Sergeant, Jacob Stump ; residence. Centre
township.
Third Sergeant, James Hahn ; residence, Newport.
Fourth Sergeant, George Stroop ; residence, Bloom-
field.
First Corporal, Geo. W. Topley; residence, Bloom-
field.
Second Corporal, Wm. H. Troup; residence, Oliver
township.
Third Corporal, DeWitt C. O'Bryan ; residence, New-
port.
Fourth Corporal, George Kosier; residence, Bloom-
field.
Musicians, Chas. Weber and Daniel Howard; resi-
dence, Newport.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
165
Privates.
H. A. Albright, residence, Newport.
John H. Arnold, residence, Madison township.
Wm. H. Allwood.
-Jacob Bergstresser, residence, Carroll township.
J. Edwin Beat.
Wm. H. Barnes.
Charles C. Bent.
Philip Becker.
Isaac Baldwin, residence, Millerstown.
Wm. Clouser, residence. Center township.
Isaiah W. Clouser, residence, Center township.
Samuel Clay, residence, Center township.
John W. Campbell, residence, Bloomfield.
Eli B. Charles, residence, Buffalo township.
George Dial.
G. Smith DeBray, residence, Millerstown.
William C. Duncan.
James B. Eby, residence, Bloomfield.
John F. Egolf, residence, Bloomfield.
Isaac Etter, residence, Newport.
John B. Elliot, residence, Saville township.
Wesley H. Ernest, residence, Millerstown.
John F. Ferguson.
William R. Fertig, residence, Millerstown.
John H. Fertig, residence, Millerstown.
Reuben S. Gardner, residence, Newport.
Wm. S. Hostetter.
Frank Holt.
Thomas J. Heany.
Adam J. Hartzell.
John W. Howell, residence, Greenwood township.
James M. Heany, residence, Juniata township.
Daniel Holman.
Comly Idal.
Conrad Jumper,
Michael C. Lynch, residence, Bloomfield.
Daniel W. Lutman, residence. Center township.
Benjamin F. Leiby, residence, Newport.
David Maxwell.
Lewis Maslha.
George Mysel.
George Moore.
Thomas McDonald, residence, Carroll township.
John McClintock.
George W. Orwan, residence, Center township.
Samuel B. Orwan, residence, Center township.
Martin v. B. Orwan, residence. Center township.
Washington A. Power, residence. Center township.
H. S. Rumbaugh.
Amos Robeson, residence, Bloomfield.
Thaddeus C. Rider, residence, Newport.
Oliver P. Rider, residence, Newport.
Lewis Rody.
John M. Swartz.
George Sanno.
Daniel Swartz, Jr.
David P. Shively.
Jacob SuUenberger.
Van Buren Shultz.
Joseph F. Smith.
Andrew J. Watts.
Wm. M. Wallace.
Wm. C. Weilly.
Thomas Wright.
Charles J. Wright, residence, Millerstown.
FOURTH REGIMENT.
The Fourth Regiment (three months' service)
originated in the First Regiment, Second Bri-
gade, Second Division of the State militia, or-
ganized under the militia act of 1858. It con-
sisted of six companies and had a full regimental
organization, the officers holding State commis-
sions. In response to the call of the President,
the services of the militia regiment were tender-
ed to the Governor for the term of three months,
and were accej)ted on condition that the com-
mand would report in Harrisburg within four
days. The officers immediately commenced the
enrollment of recruits, and at the expiration of
the time appointed some seven hundred men were
ready to move. One of the companies (G,
Captain .John W. Chamberlain) was recruited
at Lewisburgh, Union County.
On Saturday, April 20th, the command pro-
ceeded by rail to Harrisburg, and occupied
Camp Curtin. It was the intention to have
remained in camp till a sufficient number of
men could have been procured to fill the regi-
ment to its maximum number ; but the urgent
necessities of the government rendered this pur-
pose impracticable, and orders were issued to
form a regiment immediately from such compa-
nies as were in camp. This order had the
elfcct to change the command from a militia to
a volunteer organization.
An election was accordingly held, which re-
sulted in the choice of the same field officers as
those holding the militia commissions, which
were as follows : John F. Hartranft, colonel ;
Edward Schall, lieutenant-colonel ; Edwin
Schall, major. Charles Hunsicker was appointed
adjutant.
Scarcelv was the organizatiim completed when
marching ordere were received. Leaving Camp
Curtin on the evening of the 21st of April, the
regiment proceeded by rail to Philadelphia,
where it was ordered by General Patterson to
report to Colonel Dare, of the Twenty-third.
166
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Taking one company of his own and the Fourth
Eegiment, Colonel Dare proceeded by rail to
Perryville, Md., and took possession of the town,
making such disposition of the troops as would
prevent a surprise.
On the following day General Patterson or-
dered the regiment to proceed without delay to
Washington. Immediate application was made
to Colonel Dare for transportation by steamer
to Annapolis, the route by Baltimore being then
closed. Not feeling secure from capture, Colo-
nel Dare only gave transportation for one wing
of the regiment, which embarked under com-
mand of Colonel Hartranft. Arriving at Annap-
olis, the troops were disembarked and quartered
in the buildings belonging to the Naval Acade-
my, by order of Major-General Butler, then in
command of the town. The lett wing, under
command of Major Schall, was detained several
days at Perryville for the security of the port.
It was expected that the men would be fully
clothed, armed and equipped at Harrisburg be-
fore marching. But when the urgent appeals
came from Washington for troops, it was not
the time for the patriotic citizen-soldier to hesi-
tate, and the regiment marched M'ithout uni-
forms or equipments, the men being armed with
muskets, and provided with ammunition, which
they were obliged to carry in their pockets.
Clothing was sent to the regiment on the 28th
of April, but not until some time in June were
proper unifoi-ms supplied.
In pursuance of orders, the regiment proceed-
ed, on the 8th of May, to Washington, and was
quartered in the Assembly buildings and in
a church near by. Transportation, camp and
garrison equipage not having been supplied by
the State or national government, the regiment
was prevented from going into camp. The close
confinement of the men in crowded quarters
soon produced its legitimate results. Sickness,
which, up to this time, had been scarcely known
in the regiment, now began to prevail to a con-
siderable extent. As soon as tents were received
it was at once established in camp, about two
miles distant from the city, toward Bladensburg.
When the necessary equipage was furnished,
regimental drills and inspections were com-
menced, and vigorous measures taken to make
the regiment effective. On the 24th of June
it was ordered to Alexandria, in anticipation
of an attack by the enemy, and was soon
after placed in camp on Shuter's Hill, where
the regular drills and inspections were resumed.
On Sunday, June 30th, at two o'clock in the
morning, the pickets of the regiment, stationed
on the old Fairfax road, under command of
Lieutenant M. R. McClennan, were attacked
by about thirty of the enemy. They were re-
pulsed by the Union pickets, only three in
number, who killed Sergeant Haines, previously
a clerk in the Treasury Department at Wash-
ington. Three others of the pickets on the outer
post, intending to go to the rescue of their com-
rades, came in contact with the enemy's force, in
M'hich Thomas Murray was killed and Llewelyn
Rhumer was severely wounded. The third,
dropping upon the ground, escaped without in-
juiy, the enemj', in the excitement and darkness,
j)assing over him. The trails of blood discov-
ered in the morning showed that they had like-
wise suffered in the encounter.
The evidences on every hand pointed mimis-
takably to an early advance of the army. In-
spections were careful and minute. All surplus
baggage was sent to the rear, together with
knapsacks and overcoats, the men retaining only
their blankets. The Fourth Regiment was as-
signed to the First Brigade, Third Division'
of McDowell's army. The division moved
from camp by the Fairfax road, reaching Sang-
ster's Station on Thursday evening. The enemy
set fire to his stores and retreated as the column
advanced. Firing was heard in the direction
of Blackburn's Ford, occasioned by Colonel
Richardson's reconnoissance in that direction.
On Friday the division moved to Centreville,
where the entire army of McDowell lay en-
camped. On Saturday, the 20tli of July, the
1 Organization of First Brigade, Colonel W. B. Franklin,
Third Division, Colonel S. P. Heintzelman (the three brig-
ades of the division were commanded respectively by Colo-
nels W. B. Franklin, 0. 0. Howard and 0. B. Wilcox).—
Eicket's Battery of the First United States Artillery ; Fifth
Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, Colonel Lawrence;
Eleventh Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, Colonel
Clark ; First Regiment Minnesota Volunteers, Colonel Gor-
man ; Fourth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel
Hartranft.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
161
question of muster out was I'reely agitated, the
term of enlistment expiring on the following
day. Desirous of retaining the regiment in his
command till the anticipated battle should be
fought, General ]McDowell issued an order,
making the following appeal :
"The General commanding has learned with regret
that the time of service of the Fourth Regiment
Pennsylvania Volunteers is about to expire. The
services of the regiment have been so important,
its good conduct so general, its patience under priva-
tion so constant, its state of efficiency so good, that
its departure at this time can only be considered an
important loss to the army. Fully recognizing the
right of the regiment to its discharge and payment, at
the time agreed upon, the agreement of the govern-
ment in this respect, the General commanding, never-
theless, requests the regiment to continue in service for
a few days longer, pledging that the time of muster
out of service sliall not exceed two weeks. Such
members of the regiment as do not accede to this re-
quest will be placed under the command of proper
officers, to be marched to the rear, mustered out of
service, and paid, as soon as possible, after the expi-
ration of the term of service."
Differences of opinion jjrevailed in the regi-
ment upon the question of compliance with this
request. While many were willing to re-enlist
for two weeks longer, some were desirous of
being mustered out in accordance with their
contract with the government. When it was
ascertained that unanimity of sentiment was not
likely to be secured, it was decided by the com-
manding general that to break up the organiza-
tion and to take a fragment of the regiment into
battle would not be prudent ; orders were accord-
ingly issued for its muster out of service.
The subsequent history of the men composing
this regiment dispels any doubt that may, at
the time, have been raised of the rectitude of
their intentions. Under the command of the
lieutenant-colonel, it marched to Washington,
from whence it was taken by rail to Harris-
burg, where it was soon after mitstered out of
service. But measures immediately taken for
the organization of new regiments, in which the
men were immediately enlisted for the war, and
fully attested on the bloody fields of Fredericks-
burg and Antietam, and in numberless hard-
fought battles of the war, their patriotism and
their valoi'.
Company G, Union Cot nty. — This com-
pany was recruited at Lewisburgh, Union
County, and was mustered in April 20, 1861.
John W. Chamberliu, captain.
George H. Hassenplug, first lieutenant.
James M. Linn, second lieutenant.
James Chamberlin, first sergeant.
Thomas Donachy, second sergeant.
John N. Wilson, third sergeant.
Peter Koser, fourth sergeant.
Samuel Cuskaden, first corporal.
Charles H. Trainer, second corporal.
Jeremiah Snyder, third corporal.
William Frymire, fourth corporal.
William Wise, musician.
Privates.
Levi Amraon.
A. James Bell.
Henry Brown.
Charles S. Buoy.
Jacob Campbell.
David Davis.
Thom.is Davis.
John H. Derr.
Richard Dye.
Richard Edwards.
William Everett.
Charles R. Evans.
George W. Foote,
Henry Frey.
Louis H. Funk.
Jacob Gibbony.
William Gilham.
William Grant.
William Gunter.
Adam S. Houtz.
Nathan JI. Hann.
John Harvey.
William H. Haus.
Henry Heigh tsman.
Robert Henry.
Henry Hutchison.
Benj. F. Housewerth.
Seth J. Housel.
Isaac S. Kerstever,
Samuel F. Klechner.
John Lenhart.
Benjamin Lenhart.
Wm. A. Martlett.
James R. Mackey.
Samuel McGregor.
Daniel McGregor.
.John McPherson.
Charles Moody.
Jacob N. Moyer.
David B. Nesbitt.
John A. Norris.
Joseph R. Orwig.
James H. Prass.
Joseph Pursell.
Lemuel Potter.
Martin G. Reed.
Thomas D. Reed.
Emanuel Sasaman.
James H. San ford.
Grottlieb Smaltzricd.
Michael Smith.
Charles H. Snively.
Henry Snyder.
Aaron Stoughton.
William M. Switzer.
Roland Stoughton.
Martin L. Schock.
Ashton Tetlow.
Daniel Tovey.
William Tovey.
William Ulrich.
Matthew Vandine.
Robert Walsh.
John Wertz.
.'iEVENTH REGIMENT.
The Seventh Regiment (three montlis' ser-
vice) was organized at Camp Curtin. Harris-
burg, on the 2'2d of April, 1861, under com-
mand of Colonel William H. Irwin, who was
at that time serving as a private .soldier in the
ranks of the Logan Guard at Wasliington, D. C.
168
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The other field officers of the Seventh were
Lieutenant-Colonel Oliver H. Ripjiey, of Pitts-
burgh, and Major F. P. Robinson, of the same
city. One of the companies of the I'egiment was
the " Burns Infantry," raised at Lewistown,
Mifflin County, by Captain Henry A. Zollin-
ger. In the organization of the regiment it was
designated as Company I, and was mustered
into the service on the day of the regimental oi-
ganization — April 22d.
The regiment left Camp Curtin on the 23d
of April, under command of Lieutenant-Col-
onel Rippey, and proceeded by rail to Chambers-
burg, Pa., where the command was assumed bv
Colonel Irwin, who had come to that jjoint from
Washington. At a little distance from the
town a camp was formed, where the regiment
remained nearly nine weeks, engaged in drill
and other soldierly duty. In the latter part of
May it was assigned to General E. C. Williams'
(Third) brigade of the (First) division of
Major-General George Cadwallader, in the
corps commanded by ]\Iajor-General Robert
Patterson. On the 8th of June the Seventh,
with the other regiments of the brigade, struck
tents and commenced the march, by way of
Hagerstown, to the Potomac, which was reached
at Williamsport, Md., on the 15th. On the
2d of July, under positive orders from General
Scott to General Patterson to advance into Vir-
ginia, the command moved at daylight, forded
the Potomac and marched to Martinsburg. Two
or three days later the regiment moved forward
with the brigade to Bunker Hill, and thence to
a new camp near Charlestown, Va. From this
camp a midnight reconnoissance was made by a
battalion of the Seventh ; but, after an advance
of about six miles, it was found that the enemy
had withdrawn from the front, and Colonel
Irwin's report to that eifect was afterwards con-
firmed by a reconnoissance made by a heavier
force, sent out to the Shenandoah fords by the
brigade commander, General Williams.
On the 22d of July the Seventh (whose term
of enlistment was to expire on the following
day) moved, under orders, from its camp to the
Potomac, at Shepherdstown, Va., where it crossed
the river, and marching thence, by way of
Sharpsburg, to Hagerstown, was transported
from the latter place by rail to Harrisburg,
where the companies were paid off and dis-
charged.
Company I, Mifflin County. — This com-
pany was recruited at Lewistown, Mifflin Coun-
ty, and was mustered in April 22, 1861.
Henry A. Zollinger, captain.
William H. McClelland, first lieutenant.
James Couch, second lieutenant.
Amos W. Wakefield, first sergeant.
Thompson Wiece, second sergeant.
Michael Dillon, third sergeant.
Samuel Eisinbise, fourth sergeant.
Jackson D. Stoneroad, first corporal.
William A. Troxal, second corporal.
James P. McClintic, third corporal.
John W. Nelson, fourth corporal.
William L. Harding, musician.
Henry H. Fortney, musician.
Steel Barcus.
John Brimmer.
George W. Black.
Andrew Bringman.
George Brown.
Franklin Beisel.
Lewis Blumenloder.
James Cambell.
Samuel Collins.
John Cherry.
Jackson Corkell.
William H. Crothers.
Jeremiah Corseck.
Thomas Dillon.
John Devore.
Charles Donnan.
James H. Funk.
John Ginapban.
Austin Gro.
Abram Gondor.
Tbomas B. Hiltebarn.
William Hart.
J. R. Hackenburgh.
Joseph Houser.
John F. Harice.
John Henry.
John Hofler.
William M. Irvin.
David Jenkins.
Aaron Klinefelter.
John Klinefelter.
John W. Kunes.
Daniel Karl.
George W. Kelley.
John M. Krise.
Jacob Landis.
William Leator.
John Morton.
John D. Martin.
William R. Moran.
Henry McNalley.
Henry Maser.
David A. McCram.
Samuel Myers.
Isaac dinger.
Lewis Price.
Philip Pefler.
Fredk. Reninger.
R. Rosenborough.
James B. Ross.
Patrick Rodgers.
John Ruble.
William Ruse.
James Rutherford.
Amos Satcher.
James Sanford.
Matthias Shilling.
William Sperry.
John M. Skelley.
David Shafer.
James Vanzant.
Benjamin Walters.
Thomas Wolfkill.
James Wilson.
Charles White.
James Yeamon.
ELEVENTH REGIMENT.
The Eleventh Regiment (three months'), was
organized at Camp Curtin April 26, 1861, and
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
169
was soon afterwards moved to Camp Wayne,
near West Chester, where it remained abont tiiree
weeks. Tlie colonel of the regiment was Phaon
Jarrett, of Lock Haven, promoted from the
the captaincy of Company B, in which company
was a detachment of men of Mifflin County.
Upon the promotion of Captain Jarrett to the
•colonelcy, Benjamin K. Jacl^man became cap-
tain of the company, with William Shanks as
first, and Thomas C. Lebo as second lieu-
tenant.
The regiment, having been only partially
uniformed and equipped, was ordered on the
27th of May to move forward and occupy the
Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Rail-
road, which was done, and the headquarters es-
tablished at Havre de Grace, where B and A
Companies were posted — the other companies
being scattered at different points along the
railway and the Delaware and Chesapeake
■Canal.
On the 18th of May the regiment, having
l)een fully equipped, marched, under orders, to
Chambersburg, Pa., and thence, a few days
later, to Hagerstown, Md., where it was assigned
to duty in the brigade of General Negley, in
Cxeneral Keim's division. On the 20th of June
it was transferred to Abercrombie's (Sixth)
bi'igade, of the same (Second) division. On the
28th an attempt was made to cross the Poto-
mac, but no fording-place could be found in the
high stage of water ; but, being moved to Wil-
liamsport Md., on the 29th, it remained there
three days, and before daylight, in the morning
of July 2d, was pushed across the river into Vir-
ginia, and marched towards Falling Waters,
where the enemy was rejjorted to be in force.
The Eleventh, being considerably in advance of
the remainder of the brigade, encountered this
hostile force, which consisted of the Second,
Fourth, Fifth and Twenty-Second Virginia
regiments of infantry, the cavalry regiment of
J. E. B. Stuart, and a four-gun battery under
Captain Pendleton, — all forming what after-
wards became the famed " Stonewall Brigade," —
Colonel Thomas J. (" Stonewall ") Jackson be-
ing present in person and in command of the
Confederate force. Passing through a wood to
the open ground, the Eleventh received a heavy
fire of musketry and artillery, but which gen-
erally passed over their heads. The enemy was
posted at some farm buildings, which were soon
set on fire by shells from Perkins' (Union) bat-
tery. " The enemy being thus driven from
their shelter, were for the first time exposed to
view, and extended their line. The Eleventh
now opened, and the engagement became gen-
eral. The enemy's guns were soon silenced,
and his line began to fall back, at first in good
order, but soon in great confusion." The vic-
tory was complete, the Sixth Brigade (of which
the Eleventh was a part) driving the Confed-
erates two miles from the field, where they left
their dead and wounded. The loss of the
Eleventh was eleven killed and wounded —
among the latter being Private Marion F.
Hamaker, of Lewistown, a member of B Com-
pany. He died of his wound soon after return-
ing to his home.^ The others wounded were
James Morgan, Daniel R. Stiles and Nelson
Headen, of Company E; Christian Schall, of
Coupany F ; John De Hass and Russel C. Levan,
of Company G ; and John E. Reed and Wil-
liam H. Kuhns, of Company K. The one
killed was Amos Suppinger, private, of Com-
pany H.
On the 3d of July the Eleventh, with the
brigade, moved to Martinsburg, Va., and en-
camped. It remained there twelve days, during
which time it received a stand of national
colors, presented by the Union ladies of the place.
Before this it had I'arried no colors. On the
15th of July the regiment moved to Bunker
Hill, Va., on the 17th to Charlestown, Va.,
and on the 21st to Harper's Ferry, where,
on the 24th, it forded the Potomac, and marched
thence to Sandy Hook, Md. On the 26th it
was ordered to take rail transportation to Bal-
timore, en route for Harrisburg, there to be
mustered out of service. The order (by Gen-
eral Pattereon) concluded : " It gives the com-
manding general great satisfaction to say that
the conduct of this regiment has merited his
highest approbation. It had the fortune to be
in the advance in the affair at Hokes Run
1 Hamalier was probably the first Union soldier wounded
in the war after Fort Sumter was captured.
170
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
(Falling Waters), where the steadiness and gal-
lantry of both officers and men came under liis
personal observation. They have well merited
his thanks." The regiment was mustered out
of service on the 31st of July, but was re-en-
listed for three years under the same designating
number (Eleventh), was organized at Camp
Curtin in the summer and fall of 1861, and on
the 27th of November, in that year, it was
moved to the front, and remained in the field,
serving gallantly through the principal cam-
paigns in Virginia until the war was closed by
the surrender at Appomattox.
FOUETEBNTH REGIMENT.
The Fourteenth Regiment (three months' ser-
vice), which contained a large number of Ju-
niata County men, was organized at Camp Cur-
tin in the latter part of April, 1861, under the
following-named field officers : John W. John-
ston, colonel ; Richard McMichael, lieutenant-
colonel ; Charles N. Watts, major. It was
mustered into the United States service as a
regiment April 30th. On the 9th of May it
was moved from Camp Curtin to the fair-
grounds at Lancaster, and there remained until
the 3d of June, wiien it moved to a camp about
five miles from Chambersburg, and was there
assigned to the Fifth Brigade (General James S.
Negley) of General William H. Keim's (Second)
division.
After a stay of about two weeks at the camp
near Chambersburg, the regiment moved (June
16th) to Hagerstown, Md., and thence on the
20th to a camp near Sharpslnirg. At this
place it remained until the 2d of July, wlien it
moved with the column under General Patter-
s(jn across the Potomac into Virginia, and on
the 3d (having encountered Ashby's Confederate
cavalry on the march of tlie previous day) ar-
rived at Martinsburg, where it remained on pro-
vost and other duty until the 15th of July,
when it moved with the forces of General Pat-
terson to Bunker Hill, Yi\., upon a report that
tiie enemy was in force at that place. No
enemy was found, however, but only his deserted
camps, and on tiie 18th the regiment marched
to Charlestown, Va., and on the 21st(the"day of
Bull Run battle) to Harper's Ferry, where, two
days later, the news was received of the great
disaster to the Union arms. This ended the
Virginia campaign, and soon afterwards, the
term of service of the Fourteenth having nearly
expired, it crossed the Potomac, marched to
Hagerstown, where it arrived on the 26th, was
moved thence by rail to Chambersburg, and
from there to Carlisle, where, after a stay of
eleven days, it was mustered out and disbanded
on the 7th of August.
FIFTEENTH REGIMENT.
The Fifteenth Regiment (three months') con-
tained one company which was partly made up
of men from ]\Iifflin and Juniata Counties.
This company — designated as I of the Fifteenth
— was mustered into service on the 20th of
April, 1861. The Fifteenth Regiment was or-
ganized at Camp Curtin, its field officers being
Colonel Richard \. Oakford, Lieutenant-Col-
onel Thomas Biddle, Major Stephen N. Brad-
ford. It was brigaded with the Fourteenth,
under General James S. Negley, and its history
from muster in to muster out is essentially the
same as that of the Fourteenth.
A considerable number of men of Mifflin,
Union, Peny, Juniata and Snj-der Counties
served in other comjjanies and regiments, but
the companies which have been mentioned above
were all which were distinctively of these counties
in the three months' service. During their first
enlistment they saw little of actual war, but the
greater part of them afterwards entered regi-
ments raised for thfee years, and in that term of
service became veteran soldiers. Many of them
gave up their lives on the battle-field, many
others died in Southern prisons, and hundreds
who came back from the conflict to their homes
in the valley of the Juniata will bear to their
graves the scars and wounds received in the ser-
vice of their country.
THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT.
The Thirty-fourth Regijnent, otherwise des-
ignated as the Fifth Reserve, was organized at
Camp Curtin on the 20th of June, 1861, being
made up of companies previously formed and
filled in Lycoming, Northumberland, Clearfield,
LTnion, Huntingdon, Centre, Bradford, Mifflin,
Snyder and Lancaster Counties. Union County
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
171
furnished one company (D, Captain Thomas
Chamberlain), and there were also Mifflin, Sny-
der and Union County men in Companies B,
E, G, H and I. The original field officers of
the Fifth Reserve were Colonel John I. Gregg,
of Centre County ; Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph
W. Fisher, of Lancaster; and Major George
Dare, of Huntingdon.
On the 21st of June, the day following the
organization of the Fifth under the above-named
field officers, Colonel Gregg resigned in order to
accept a captaincy to which he had been ap-
pointed in the Sixth United States Cavalry. He
was succeeded in the colonelcy of the Fifth by
Captain Seneca G. Simmons, of the Seventh
Regular Infantry, and in the morning of the
22d the regiment, with Battery A, First Penn-
sylvania Artillery, and the " Bucktail " regi-
ment, under Colonel Charles J. Biddle, left
Camp Curtin under orders from General Scott
to proceed to Cumberland, Md., to relieve the
Eleventh Indiana Regiment, under command of
Colonel Lew. Wallace, at that point. The
route of the command was from Harrisburg by
the Pennsylvania Railroad to Huntingdon,
thence southward by the Huntingdon and
Broad Top Railroad to Hopewell, where it ar-
rived on the night of the 2 2d, the men having
been profusely feasted during their stop at
Huntingdon, where " an ample dinner had been
provided for the coming soldiers, of which they
partook most freely, and filled their haversacks
with the choicest dainties "
From the night camp of the 22d at Hope-
well the command moved early in the morning
of Sunday, the 23d of June, and took the road
for Bedford Springs, near which jilace it en-
camped on the same evening. This was named
"Camp ]\IcCall," and the two regiments and
battery remained there three days. From
" Camp McCall " the command marched to the
Maryland line, where a camp was formed call-
ed " Camp jNIason and Dixon." There it re-
mained until the night of the 7tli of July, when
it moved forward and occupied Cumberland,
this being done at the urgent request of the cit-
izens of the town, who desired it for protection
against a I'umored raid of the enemy's cavalry.
The attack was not made, being prevented
doubtless by the presence of the Pennsylvania
troops. On the following day the regiments
took possession of the camps previously occupied
by Colonel Wallace's Indianians. On the 13th of
July the command moved to a camp about two
miles from New Creek, Va., and twenty miles
above Cumberland, where a railroad bridge had
been destroyed by the enemy. The town of
New Creek was occupied immediately after-
wards by the troops, and on the 20th the Fifth
moved to Piedmont, to hold the town and afford
protection to its Unionist citizens. At this place
some of the men of the regiment took pos.ses-
sion of the office of the Piedmont Independent
(the editor of which journal had been driven
away by the rebels), and from it issued a paper
called the Pennsylvania Reserve, " which was
the first of a great number of similar publica-
tions issued during the war by the editors and
printers in the volunteer army."
This campaign of the Fifth and the Bucktails
at Cumberland, Piedmont, New Creek and
neighboring parts of A^irginia was of forty days'
duration, in which time they had frequent skir-
mishes with bodies of the enemy's cavalry and
infantry, afforded protection to the Union people
of that region, and, by repairing the railroad
bridges which had been destroyed by the rebels,
reopened railroad communication between Bal-
timore and Wheeling. Their campaign was
closed on account of the urgent need of more
troops in the vicinity of Washington, to protect
that city against the expected advance of the
enemy after the battle of Bull Run. In con-
formity to orders recalling this command, the
regiments and battery took up their line of march
northward on the 27th of July, and moving to
Hopewell, proceeded thence by railroad through
Huntingdon to Harrisburg, where they arrived
on the 31st. There the companies were re-
cruited to near the maximum strength, and on
the 8th of August the Fifth was moved by
rail to Washington, and thence marched to the
camp established for the Reserve division at
Tenalhiown, ild., as before mentioned.
In the organization of the division at the
Tenallytown camp the Fifth was assigned to
Brigadier-General John F. Reynolds' (First)
brigade, of which the other resjiments were the
172
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
First, Second and Eighth Reserves, commanded
respectively by Colonel R. Biddle Roberts,
Colonel William B. Manu and Colonel George
S. Hays.
The regiment remained at Tenallytown about
two months, a period which was passed in camp
routine, picket duty and frequent alarms along
the line of the Potomac, and on the 9th of Oc-
tober moved, with its brigade and division, across
that historic stream and took position in the
line of the Army of the Potomac at Langley, Va.,
at which place the Reserve division made its
winter-quarters. In the battle of Dranesville,
which was fought on the 20th of December by
the Third Brigade (General Ord's) of the Re-
serves, neither the Fifth Regiment nor any part
of Reynolds' brigade took part, having been
delayed at Difficult Creek by orders of General
McCall.
On the 10th of March, 1802, the Fifth, with
the entire division, moved from the winter-
quarters at Camp Pierpont (Langley) to
Hunter's Mills, Va., with the expectation of
joining in a general advance of the army on the
Confederate position at Manassas. But it was
found that the enemy had evacuated his line of
defenses and retired towards Gordonsville, and
thereupon the plan of the campaign was changed
by the commanding general, McClellan, and the
Reserve regiments were ordered back to the
Potomac. On the 14th the retrograde march
was commenced, and continued through mud,
darkness and a deluge of rain to Alexandria,
where it was expected that the division would
embark, with the rest of the army of the Poto-
mac, for the Peninsula ; but this was not the
case. The division of McCall was assigned to
duty with the First Corps, under General Mc-
Dowell, which, with the exception of Franklin's
division, was held between the Potomac and
Rappahannock Rivers for the protection of the
■city of Washington.
From Alexandria the Fifth, with its brigade,
marched back (April 9th) to Manassas, thence
to Catlett's Station, thence to Falmouth, and
(May 26th) across the Rappahannock to Freder-
icksburg, of which place General Reynolds was
appointed military governor. An advance from
Fredericksburg along the line of the railroad
towards Richmond was intended, but this was
found to be inexpedient, and as General Mc-
Clellan was calling urgently for reinforcements
to the Peninsula, Reynolds' brigade was recalled
from its advanced position on the railroad, the
entire division was marched to Gray's Landing,
and there (June 9th) embarked for W^hite
House, on the Pamunkey River, where it ar-
rived on the 9th of June. There had been a
vast quantity of stores collected at White House
for the use of the army on the Chickahominy,
and the timely arrival of the Reserves prevented
the destruction of those stores by a strong de-
tachment of Confederate cavalry under Fitz-
hugh Lee, who was then on his way towards
the Pamunkey for that purpose. From White
House the Fifth marched with its division by
way of Baltimore Cross-Roads to join the Army
of the Potomac in the vicinity of Gaines' Mill.
Thence the division was moved to the extreme
right, where it took position at Mechanicsville
and along the line of Beaver Dam Creek.
On Thursday, the 26th of June, was fought
the battle of Mechanicsville, the first of that
series of bloody engagements known collectively
as the " Seven Days' Fight," and also (with the
exception of the severe skirmish at Dranesville
in the previous December) the first engagement
in which the infantry of the Pennsylvania Re-
serves took part. The Fifth had been that
morning ordered across the Beaver Dam Creek
to guard the Mechanicsville and Meadow
Bridges, and four companies advanced to Me-
chanicsville. At one o'clock p. M. the enemy
appeared and drove in the advanced pickets to
the creek. At two p. m. Reynolds withdrew
his brigade and occupied the light works which
had been thro^^-n up behind the creek. The Fifth
occupied the left centre of the brigade line, be-
ing posted in the partial cover of a belt of
woods on the left of the road. The enemy,
advancing in strong force, attacked with great
impetuosity, the Georgia and Louisiana troops
wading Beaver Dam Creek where the water
reached up to their belts, and charging again
and again with fierce determination. Rej^nolds'
brigade on the right received and repelled the
severest assaults in the conflict, which raged
through the whole afternoon, and only ceased
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
173
when darkness closed down on wood and stream.
The entire loss of the Reserve division was two
hundred and ten killed and wounded and two
hundred and eleven missing, of which number
the Fifth Regiment sustained a loss of fifty
killed and wounded.
Through the night succeeding the battle the
men of the Pennsylvania Reserves slept on the
field of conflict. At daylight on the morning
of the 27th of June the Fifth, with its compan-
ion regiments, withdrew from the line of the
Beaver Dam, and moved down parallel with the
Chickahominy, some two or three miles, to
Gaines' Mill, where General Fitz John Porter's
corps (of which the Reserves formed a part) was
placed in line of battle for the renewed conflict,
which was inevitable. Butterfield's brigade
occupied the extreme left, Sykes' division of
regulars the right, and McCall's Pennsylvanians
were placed in the second line, Meade's brigade
being on the left, near the Chickahominy, and
Reynolds' brigade on the right of the line of
the Reserves. Approaching the Union lines
from the direction of Cold Harbor and Dispatch
Station were the Confederate commmands of
Generals A. P. Hill, Longstreet, D. H. Hill
and (farther away, but moving up with all possi-
ble speed) the corps of the redoubtable " Stone-
wall " Jackson, in all more than fifty thousand
men, against half that number on the Union
side. The battle ^Yas opened by a furious attack
on the regulars composing Porter's right. These,
after having repulsed the enemy in his first at-
tack, finally gave way before a renewed assault.
The battle raged furiously during the afternoon,
the Fifth, and other regiments of the Reserves in
the second line, being constantly under a severe
artillery fire. Between four and five o'clock
the Second and Third Brigades were advanced
to the first line, and at once became heavily en-
gaged, the enemy making a furious and most
determined assault at that point of the line.
" The Fifth Regiment, on my left," said INIajor
Stone, of the Bucktails, in his official report,
" the conduct of which offered a constant ex-
ample of courage and discipline, answered the
enemy with the most terrific fire." lu that
perilous position the regiment stood fast, and
held its ground against repeated charges, until
the men had exhausted their ammunition, when
they retired before a flank assault made by the
veterans of Stonewall Jackson.' Just then the
famous Irish Brigade moved past them rapidly
to the front, poured in a destructive volley, and
bravely held the enemy in check, while the
wearied men of the Fifth fell back with empty
cartridge-boxes, but without panic or disorder,
to the Chickahominy. During the afternoon of
the battle the command of the Fifth devolved
on Lieutenant-Colonel Fisher, Colonel Simmons
being in command of the brigade. The heroic
General Reynolds, the brigade commander, be-
came separated from his troops and was cap-
tured by the enemy on the following morning.
The losses of the Fifth Regiment in this en-
gagement were not reported separately from
those of the succeeding four days.
The day of Gaines' Mill closed in blood and
defeat to the Union forces, and during the night
the shattered Pennsylvania Reserves, with the
other troops, succeeded in crossing the Chicka-
hominy and destroying the bridge behind them,
though two bridges farther down the stream
(Bottom's and Long Bridges) still remained ;
and it was not long after sunrise on Saturday
morning when the Confederate force under tlie
indomitable Jackson was massed at the upper one
of these and preparing to cross to the south side>
Other hostile forces were also advancing, and in
view of this rather alarming situation of affairs,
the general had, as early as Friday morning,
decided on a retreat by the whole army to James
River, where a base of supplies could be held,
and communication on the river kept open by
the Union gunboats. The troops were informed
of the proposed change by an apparently trium-
phant announcement (intended merely to en-
courage the soldiers, and lighten in some degree
the gloom of the great disaster) that a new flank
movement was about to be executed that would
surely and swiftly result in the capture ot^
Richmond. No such assurance, however, could
1 A Confederate oflicer who was present at the battle of
Gaines' Mill, in writing of it afterwards, paid a high compli-
ment to the gallant conduct of the Pennsylvania Reserves
on that field, and said, "It was only when the news came
that Jackson was upon them in their rear that, about eight
o'clock, they retired before our advance."
174
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
conceal from the intelligent men who formed
the Army of the Potomac that their backs, and
not their faces, were now turned towards the
Confederate capital, and that the "change of
base" was made from necessity rather than
choice.
During the day succeeding that of the Gaines'
Mill battle the Fifth Reserve lay in quiet on
the south side of the Chickahominy, near the
York River railroad. On Sunday, the 29th, it
moved with the other regiments to and across
White Oak Swamp, and at evening came to the
vicinity of Charles City Cross-Roads, where, on
the following day, a fierce battle was fought, in
which the Fifth took gallant part. The first
assault of the enemy at Charles City Cross-
Roads was received at about one o'clock in the
afternoon of the 30th. At about three o'clock
the Fifth became heavily engaged, and, with
the Eighth, charged the Seventli and Seven-
teenth Virginia Confederate Regiments, putting
them to complete rout, and capturing many
prisoners. Later in the day the Fifth fought
desperately, repelling repeated assaults of tiie
foe, and losing its commander, the brave Colonel
Simmons, who was mortally wounded, taken
prisoner, and died in the hands of the enemy.
No abler or more gallant officer than Colonel
Seneca G. Simmons ever led a regiment to
battle. The division commander. General Mc-
Call, was also taken prisoner in this engage-
ment, and Captain C'hamberlain, of D Com-
pany, wounded.
In the terrible battle of Malvern Hill, which
was fought in the afternoon of the following
day (July 1st), the Fifth being held with the
division in reserve, did not become actively en-
gaged, though it lay for hours under a heavy
fire of artillery. The battle opened about four
o'clock p. M., and from that time until darkness
closed the roar of musketry, the crash of
artillery and the howling of canister was uninter-
mitting. Finally the carnage ceased, and tiie
men of the North lay down on the field (as they
supposed) of victory. But at about midnight
orders came to fall in for a march, and the
Pennsylvania Reserves, with other commands
of the army of the Potomac, moved silently
down the hill and awav on the road to Berkeley
(or Harrison's Landing), where they arrived
and camped on the 2d of July. The loss of the
Fifth Reserve Regiment in the seven days'
battles from the Chickahominy to Malvern Hill
was one hundred and thirty-three killed and
wounded, and one hundred and three taken
prisoners. By the death of Colonel Simmons,
Lieutenant-Colonel Fisher was promoted to
colonel, Major George Dare to lieutenant-colo-
nel and Captain Frank Zentmyer to major of
the regiment.
After a dreary stay of about six weeks at
Harrison's Landing the Fifth broke camp, and
from that time to the final muster out the com-
panies to which this history has special refer-
ence participated in the several battles in which
the regiment was engaged, among which were
the second Bull Run, August 20, 1862, South
Mountain, Antletam, Fredericksburg, Va., De-
cember 13, 1862, where Captain Charles D.
Schaffle of D Company, was wounded and
taken prisoner, and died one month later in
prison, at Richmond, Ya. In February, 1863,
the Fifth was sent to "Washington to rest and
recruit. In battle of Gettysburg, Pa., in July,
1863; Warrenton, Bristoe Station, Mine Run,
and then stationed at Alexandria through the
winter of 1863-64. In battle of Wilderness,
Parker's Store, Fredericksburg and Orange
Turnpike, May 6, 1864; Spottsylvania Court-
House, North Anna River, Bethesda Church,
May 30, 1864, which was their last battle.
They left the field June 1, 1864, and proceeded
to Harrisburg, Pa., where the whole regiment
was received with joyous demonstrations by the
people of its native State.
Company D, LTnion County. — Following
is given a roll of the Union County company
of the Fifth, viz. :
Thomas Chamberlain, captain, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years; wounded at Charles City
Cross-Roads June 30, 1862 ; promoted to major
One Hundred and Fiftieth Regiment Pennsylva-
nia Volunteers September 23, 1862.
W. H. H. McCall, captain, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; promoted to captain March 5, 1863 ;
mustered out with company June 11, 1864.
Charles D. Shaffle, captain, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; promoted from second lieutenant to
captain September 18, 1862; wounded and pris-
THK WAR FOR THE UNION.
175
oner at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862 ; died
at Richmond Va., January 13, 1863.
Jonathan E. Wolf, first lieutenant, mustered in June
21, 1861, three years; promoted to captain Com-
pany G January 17, 1862.
Theodore H.H.McFadden,firstlieutenant, mustered in
June 21, 1861, three years ; promoted to first lieu-
■ tenant January 20, 1862 ; discharged October 30,
1862, for wounds received in action June 30,
1862.
Thomas B. Reed, first lieutenant, mustered in June
21, 1861, three years ; promoted to first lieuten-
ant March 5, 1863 ; brevetted captain March 13,
1865; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
John B. Dayton, second lieutenant, mustered in June
21, 1861, three years ; promoted to second lieu-
tenant March 5, 1863; brevetted first lieutenant
March 13, 1865; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
George C. Kelley, sergeant, mustered in June21, 1861,
three years ; wounded and prisoner at Charles
City Cross-Roads June 30, 1862 ; and wounded
at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862; trans-
ferred from Veteran Reserve Corps ; mustered
out with company June 11, 1864.
William Searles, sergeant, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; wounded at Fredericksburg Decem-
ber 13, 1862 ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
James Doran, sergeant, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; wounded at Fredericksburg Decem-
ber 13, 1862 ; mustered out w'ith company June
11, 1864.
Richard H. Walk, sergeant, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years; transferred to Company D,
One Hundred and Ninety-first Regiment Penn-
sylvania Volunteers, June 6, 1864; veteran.
William M. Schwenk, sergeant, mustered in Septem-
ber 19, 1861, three years; transferred to Company
D, One Hundred and Ninety-first Regim'ent Penn-
sylvania Volunteers, June 6, 1864 ; veteran.
James Fichthorn, sergeant, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years; transferred to Company D,
One Hundred and Ninety-first Regiment Penn-
sylvania Volunteers, June 6, 1864; veteran.
James M. Essington, sergeant, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years; discharged by order of War
Department August 21, 1862.
Oeorge M. Slifer, sergeant, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
November 25, 1862.
H. J. Schofield, sergeant, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years; died November 9, 1861.
John C. McMichael, sergeant, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years ; killed at Fredericksburg De-
cember 13. 1862.
Amos Ditsworth, corporal, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years; wounded at South Mountain Sep-
tember 14, 1862 ; mustered out with company
June 11, 1864.
.Tohn B. Hafer, corporal, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; wounded at Fredericksburg Decem-
ber 13, 1862; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
George W. Schoch, corporal, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years ; wounded accidentally Decem-
ber 13, 1862 ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
George Eicholtz, corporal, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
John Babb, corporal, mustered in June 21, 1861, three
years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Septem-
ijer 25, 1861.
Jacob K. Mertz, corporal, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
February 4, 1863.
George Harbeson, corporal, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; discharged April 6, 1863, for wounds
received at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.
Jacob Reise, corporal, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; transferred to Company D, One
Hundred and Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylva-
nia Volunteers, June 6, 1864 ; veteran.
Effinger L. Reber, corporal, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years ; promoted to sergeant-major
March 6, 1862.
Jacob Campbell, corporal, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years; killed in action June 30, 1862.
William Haskins, corporal, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; killed at Fredericksburg December
13, 1862.
Jacob M. Barnhart, corporal, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years.
James Barnhart, musician, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
August 6, 1862.
John Clymer, musician, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
June 6, 1864 ; veteran.
William Beckley, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company July
11, 1864.
John Bonnell, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years; wounded at Antietam September 17,
1862 ; transferred from Veteran Reserve Corps ;
mustered out with company June 11, 1864.
Michael B. Boylan, private, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate August 24, 1863.
Joseph Barnhart, private, mustered in September 17,
1861, three years.
Sylvester Bennett, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years.
Thomas Crawford, private, mustered in June 2i. 1861,
three vears ; mustered out with companv June
11, 1864.
176
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
David Canfield, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
February 15, 1862.
Daniel Covert, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; discharged October 20, 1862, for
wounds received at Gaines' Mill June 27, 1862.
John Connell, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years.
John Dougherty, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years.
John E Ennis, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; killed at Alexandria, Va., April 29,
1864; burial record May 3, 1864, grave 1863.
William Fravel, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; wounded at Gaines' Mill June 27,
1862 ; mustered out with company June 11, 1864.
Benjamin Fry, private, mustered in June 21, 1861.
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
November 14, 1862.
Thomas Gaskin, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
Daniel Gilbert, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; wounded at Fredericksburg Decem-
ber 13, 1862 ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
William C. Green, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; discharged September 27, 1864, to
receive promotion in United States army.
Albert Oilman, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; transferred to Company D, One
Hundred and Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylva-
nia Volunteers, June 6, 1864; veteran.
John Hartman, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; discharged February 1, 1863, for
wounds received in action June 30, 1862.
Nathaniel Huth, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; discharged November 28, 1862.
Isaac Harper, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; transferred to Company D, One
Hundred and Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylva-
nia Volunteers, June 6, 1864 ; veteran.
George Irwine, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years; discharged November 16, 1862, for
wounds received in action June 30, 1862.
Lewis Jerns, private, mustered in June 21, 1861, three
years ; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
Joseph Joll, private, mustered in June 21, 1861, three
years ; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
Albert E.Johnson, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years; discharged November 16, 1862, for
wounds received in action June 30, 1862.
William Johnson, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years.
Thomas Kennedy, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
John Knoll, private, mustered in June 21, 1861, three
years ; mustered out with company June 11>
1864.
John Kyle, private, mustered in October 7, 1861,.
three years ; killed at Gaines' Mill June 27, 1862.
John Kessler, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; killed in action June 30, 1862.
Harry L. Landis, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,^
three years ; discharged March 14, 1863, for
wounds received at Bull Run August 30, 1862.
Charles Moody, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
Lawrence Monroe, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
Levi Markel, private, mustered in June 21, 1861, three
years; wounded at Gaines' Mill June 27, 1862;
transferred to Company D, One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers,
June 6, 1864 ; veteran.
James A. Morrison, private, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years ; wounded at Charles City
Cross-Roads June 30, 1862; transferred to Com-
pany D, One Hundred and Ninety-first Regi-
ment Pennsylvania Volunteers, June 6, 1864;
veteran.
Charles Moyer, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; discharged February 17, 1863, for
wounds received at Fredericksburg December 13,
1862.
William Mateer, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; discharged April 21, 1863, for wounds
received at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.
William Myers, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years; killed at Wilderness May 9, 1864 ;
veteran.
Charles Peeling, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; transferred from Veteran Reserve
Corps ; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
John D. Price, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
August 6, 1861.
Elias Page, private, mustered in June 21, 1861, three
years ; transferred to Company D, One Hundred
and Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers, June 6, 1864 ; veteran.
Samuel A. Reed, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years; wounded at Gaines' Mill June 27,
1862; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
Charles W. Reeder, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
John M. Reber, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; discharged April 8, 1862, to accept
promotion as second lieutenant in United States-
Marine Corps.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
177
John Ripple, private, mustered in June 21, 1861, three
years; discharged May 24, 1864, for wounds re-
ceived at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.
Darius L. Ricker, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; killed in action June 30, 1862.
John E. Roberts, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; killed in action June 30, 1862.
Patrick Roberts, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years.
John Reed, private, mustered in June 21, 1861, three
years; wounded at Mechauicsville June 26,1862.
Charles E. Snyder, private, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years ; wounded at Gaines' Mill June
27, 1862; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
Joseph Stroup, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
William H. Smith, private, mustered in June 21,1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 20, 1861.
Levi Smith, private, mustered in June 21, 1861, three
years : transferred to Company D, One Hundred
and Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Vol-
unteers, June 6, 1864 ; veteran.
Peter Smith, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,three
years ; transferred to Company D, One Hundred
and Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Voluu-
teers, June 6, 1864; veteran.
Harrison Strahan, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
December 11, 1862.
George B. Saylor, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; transferred to Company D, One Hun-
dred and Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania
Volunteers, June 6, 1864; veteran.
William H. Showers, private, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years ; transferred to Company D,
One Hundred and Ninety-first Regiment Penn-
sylvania Volunteers, June 6, 1864 ; veteran.
Andrew H. Sticker, private, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years; killed at Wilderness May 9,
1864; veteran.
Thomas Taylor, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; died at Philadelphia May 13, 1864 ;
burial record May 14, 1864.
Henry Theis, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years.
Henry Ulrich, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
Robert Walsh, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
Luther Wheeler, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
Jackson Wertz, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years; transferred to Company D, One Hun-
dred and Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania
Volunteers, June 6, 1864 ; veteran.
Isaac Wertz, private, mustered in June 21, 1861, three
years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Febru-
ary 9, 1863.
Charles Washburn, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years; discharged August 3, 1863, for
wounds received at Fredericksburg December 13,
1862.
York A. Woodward, private, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years ; discharged March 19, 1864,
for wounds received at Fredericksburg December
13, 1862.
Thomas F. Wilson, private, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years ; transferred to Company D,
One Hundred and Ninety-first Regiment Penn-
sylvania Volunteers, June 6, 1864; veteran.
Newell Wilkes, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; died September 17, 1861.
John Welsh, private, mustered in June 21, 1861, three
years; died April 13, 1862; burial record Janu-
ary 6, 1864, Alexandria, Va., grave 1265.
O. B. Woodward, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three yeare ; died December 6, 1862, of wounds
received at Mechauicsville June 26, 1862.
Harrison Wertz, private, mustered in June 21, 1861,
three years ; killed at Fredericksburg December
13, 1862.
William Whatmore, private, mustered in June 21,
1861, three years.
COMPANY B.
Zachariah Chappell. James McFall.
David Hawk. Milton McPherson.
John E. Potter.
COMPANY c.
Thomas L. Potter.
THIRTY-FIFTH REGIMENT.
The Thirty-fifth Rejijiment, otherwise known
as the Sixth Pennsylvania Reserve, was ren-
dezvoused at Camp Curtin, its formation being
commenced in the latter part of April, 1861,
and its organization being completed on the
'22d of June, by the appointment of field offi-
cers, viz. : Colonel, W. Wallace Rickotts ;
Lieutenant-Colonel, William M. Penrose ;
Major, Henry J. ^Madill. Companv B, of
the Thirty-fifth, was composed of men recruited
in Snyder County, and was under command of
Charles D. Roush as its first captain.
Being armed and equipi)ed at the camp of
organization, the regiment moved thence, on the
11th of July, to Greencastle, Pa., where it oc-
cupied a camp named Camp Biddle, remaining
there until the 22d, when it was moved by rail-
way transportation, i-ia Baltimore, to Wash-
178
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHAMNA VALLEYS LN PENNSYLVANIA.
ington, D. C, arriving there on the 24th. At
its camp, east of tlie Capitol, it was mustered
into the United States service on the 27th, and
was tiien marched to the camp of the Pennsyl-
vania Reserves, at Tenallytown, Md., where it
was assigned to duty in Colonel John S. Mc-
Calmout's (Third) brigade of the Reserve Di-
vision, under General George A. McCall. It
remained at the Tenallytown camp until the
9th of October, when, with the other regiments
of the division, it crossed the Chain Bridge into
Virginia, and encamped near Langley's, at
"Camp Pierpont" where it remained more
than five months, during which time (Decem-
ber 20Lh) it fought its first battle at Dranes-
ville, on which occasion the Sixth held the
centre of the line, and behaved with the utmost
steadiness and gallantry. On the 10th of
March, 1862, it moved with the Army of the
Potomac, remained a few days at Hunter's
Mills, Va., then moved to Alexandria, Va.,
where it remained several days ; then moved to
Bailey's Cross-Roads, and thence, in turn, to
Fairfax Court-House, Manassas Junction, Cat-
lett's Station and Falmouth, where it arrived on
the 3d of May, and encamped a mile north of
the town.
The regiment remained encamped on the
Rappahannock about six weeks, and on the 13tli
of June embarked for White House, on the
Pamunkey River, arriving there on the 14th
and becoming a part of the Army of the Poto-
mac, under General McClellan. It was ad-
vanced from White House to Tunstall's Station,
on the York River Railroad, and remained
there until the disastrous battle of Gaines
Mill compelled the retirement of the Union
troops and the destruction of the vast quanlity
of stores which had been accumulated at White
House. At that place, on the 28th of June, the
Sixth embarked, and, proceeding down the
York River to Fortress Monroe, and thence up
the James to Harrison's Lauding, reached that
place on the 1st of July. On the 4th it was
transferred to Sinclair's (First) brigade of Sey-
mour's (Reserve) division of the Fifth Army
Corps, under General Fitz John Porter. It
remained on the Peninsula, but without being
engaged in any fighting of consequence, until the
night of the 14th of August, when it moved by
transport down the James, and thence up the
Potomac River to Acquia Creek, arriving there
on the morning of the 16th, and proceeding
without delay from that place, by rail, to its old
post at Falmouth. On the 21st it marched
from Falmoutli for Kelly's Ford, on the Rap-
pahannock, reaching its destination at dark on
the 22d. Again, on the 23d, it moved on to
Rajjpahannock Station, and on the 24th en-
camped near the Fauquier White Sulphur
Springs, on the Warrenton road, where it re-
mained until the 27th, when it marched with
the division, and at night bivouacked at New
Baltimore. The next day, on its march, it be-
came slightly engaged with the enemy near
Gainesville, but no battle resulted, and its night
bivouac was made on the Alexandria turnpike.
On the 29th and 30th of August, the Sixth
participated gallantly in the battles in the vi-
cinity of Groveton, Va., and the old Bull Run
battle-ground, charging the Confederate posi-
tion with the gi-eatest bravery, driving the
enemy and holding the ground gained. The
loss of the regiment was thirty-six killed and
wounded and eight missing. The regimental
colors were shot from the staff in this memora-
ble charge.
From the field of this engagement the regi-
ment marched to a bivouac at Cut Run, where
it remained on picket during the 31st and until
nearly night of the 1st of September, when it
took up the line of march for Fairfax Court-
House. On the following day it moved to
Hunter's Chapel and afterwards to Mnnson's
Hill. On the 6th of September it moved to
the Potomac, which it crossed by the Long
Bridge, and, marching through Washington,
proceeded, by way of various towns in Mary-
land, to South Mountain, where it occupied the
right of the Union line in the desperate Ijattle
which was fought along its declivity from base
to summit, on the 14th of September.
" Night was fast approaching,' and the battle raged
furiously for mauy miles to the left. Companies A
and B, Captains Ent and Roush, were ordered out to
seize and hold the knob of the mountain immediately
in front. They marched from the wood, passed the
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
179
enemy's flank, and firing into it one volley, made
straight for the mountain-top. When within one
hundred yards they received the fire of the enemy,
protected by a ledge of rocks which capped the sum-
mit. Immediately, Companies C, D and E were or-
dered to their support, and, forming to the left of the
first two, the line advanced at a charge. The num-
bers of the enemy were largely in excess of those of
the Sixth, but the five companies, restrained during
the early part of the battle, dashed like a steed re-
leased from his curb against the very muzzles of their
guns. The enemy, staggered by the impetuosity of
the charge, yielded the first ledge of rocks, and re-
treated to the second, from behind which he de-
livered a most galling fire, causing the advance to
reel under the shock and threatening its annihila-
tion. The rebel line to the left, which had been
passed by these companies, had, in the mean time,
been compelled to yield to the persistent hammering
of the other regiments of the Reserves. The cheers
of the brigade were distinctly heard by both, when
the rebels, broken in spirit by the severity of their
losses and the determined front presented by the Re-
serves, fled down the mountain-side. These five com-
panies had performed an important service, and
driven before them in confusion the Eighth Alabama
Regiment. The loss was twelve men killed, two ofii-
cers and thirty-nine men wounded."
From the scene of conflict at South Moun-
tain the regiment marched to the field of An-
tietam, wliere it took part in the great battle on
the 16th and 17th of September, in which, says
Bates, it " sustained an aggregate loss of one
hundred and thirty-two." After the battle of
Antietam the Sixth Reserve remained on the
north side of the Potomac, in the vicinity of
Sharpsburg, about six weeks, and, on the 29th
of October, crossed the river at Berlin and
marched to Warrenton, Va., arriving there
November 6th. On the 11th it left the War-
renton camp and moved, by way of StaiFord
Court-House, to Brooks' Station, on the Acquia
Creek Railroad, where it remained in camjj un-
til December 8th, when it moved, with other
regiments of the division, to the heights north
of the Rappahannock, ^preparatory to crossing
that stream for an assault on the strong position
of the enemy at Fredericksburg. Ou the
morning of the 12th the regiment crossed the
stream on a j)ontoou bridge, about three miles
below the town, and advanced to a position
which it held through the day. In tiie terrific
battle of the 13th it became furiouslv enoaoed.
driving the enemy from his position at fir.st, but
afterwards being compelled, by overpovvjring
numbers, to yield the ground thus gained, and
to fall back to its first position. The strength
of the regiment on entering this conflict was
about three hundred men, of which number it
sustained a loss of one hundred and two killed
and wounded and nineteen missing.
After the Fredericksburg battle the regiment
encamped at Belle Plain and thence moved to
the former camp at Brooks' Station, where it re-
mained until the first part of February, 1863.
On the 7th of that month it was ordered to
Alexandria, where it became a part of the
Twenty-second Corps. Late in March it moved
to Fairfax Station, and remained there until the
25th of June, when, with the other troops of
the command, it moved across the Potomac, and
thence northward to the field of Gettysbm-g,
reaciiing that historic ground on the 2d of July,
and having, in the mean time, been transferred
back to the Fifth Army Corps. In the great
conflict of Gettysburg it made two charges,
liberatitig a large number of Union prisoners,
recapturing an artillery piece and several cais-
.sons and sustaining a loss of twenty-four killed
and wounded. After the battle it joined in the
pursuit of the enemy as far as Falling Watere,
Va., and afterwards encamped for a month at
Rappahannock Station. Thence it moved to
Culpeper Court-House and encamjied near that
place till October 10th, when it recrossed the
Rajjpahannock and fought at Bristoe Station on
the 12th. On the 26th of November it was
again engaged with the enemy in the battle at
New Hope Church, sustaining a small loss in
killed and wounded. On the 5th of Decem-
ber it went into winter-quarters at Kettle
Run.
On the opening of the campaign of 1864 the
Sixth moved from its winter camp on the 29th
of April, and marched to Culpeper, from
which point it moved to Gerraania Ford, and
there crossed the Rapidan on the 4th of May.
On the 5tli and 6th it was heavily engaged in
the Wilderness, as also ag-ain on the 8th, 9th,
10th and 12th in front of Spottsylvania, losing
in the series of actions, seventy-seven killed and
wounded and nine missinsr. <^n the 22d it was
180
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
again engaged, and captured ninety-two men of
the Confederate corps of A. P. Hill.
The last battle of the Sixth Reserve was
fought at Bethesda Church, Va., on the 30th of
June. It entered that conflict only about one
hundred and fifty strong, yet sustained and re-
pulsed a furious charge of the enemy, " captured
one hundred and two prisoners, and buried
seventy-two dead rebels in its immediate front."
On the following day (its term of service
having espired) the regiment marched to the rear
and was moved thence to Harrisburg, where it
was mustered out of service June 14, 1864.
Company B, Snyder County. — A list of
officers and men of the Snyder County company
of the Sixth Reserve is here given, viz.:
Chas. D. Roush, captain, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years; discharged January 10, 1863, for
wounds received at South Mountain, September
14, 1862.
Levi Epler, captain, mustered in May 6, 1861, three
years; promoted from first lieutenant to captain
March 1, 1863 ; wounded at Wilderness, May
6, 1864; brevetted major March 13, 1865; mus-
tered out with company June 11, 1864.
Wm. Harding, first lieutenant, mustered in May 6,
1861, three years; promoted to first lieutenant
May 5, 1863; brevetted captain March 13, 1865;
mustered out with company June 11, 1864.
E. D. Lebkicher, second lieutenant, mustered in May
6, 1861, three years; promoted from first sergeant
to second lieutenant May 5, 1863 ; mustered out
with company June 11, 1864.
John Emmett, sergeant, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
Robert P. Calvert, sergeant, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years; promoted February 1, 1864; died at
Andersonville May 11, 1864: grave 1832.
Charles S. Swineford, sergeant, mustered in May 6,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate June 16, 1862.
James H. Bowman, sergeant, mustered in May 6,
1861, three years; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
Charles S. Bowman, sergeant, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
Henry L. Stock, sergeant, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Niuety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
George Everett, corporal, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
Henry H. Bowen, corporal, mustered in July 10, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
Isaiah Fink, corporal, mustered in May 6, 1861, three
years ; absent, in hospital, at muster-out.
Michael Cantwell, corporal, mustered in May 27, 1861,
three years; promoted February 1, 1864; died at
Andersonville July 28, 1864, grave 4117.
Benj. T. Barks, corporal, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
December 25, 1862.
John Yergey, corporal, mustered in May 28, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864 ; veteran.
Samuel Ritter, corporal, mustered in May 28, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
Neven P. Gutelius, corporal, mustered in May 6,
1861, three years; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers, May 31, 1864 ; veteran.
Henry B. Mowry, corporal, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years; died September 27, 1862, of wounds
received at South Mountain September 14, 1862.
Thomas Robison, corporal, mustered in May 22, 1861,
three years; killed at Gaines' Mill June 27,
1862.
Daniel P. Rumberger,musician, mustered in February
28, 1862, three years; discharged on surgeon's
certificate October 8, 1862.
James Aukey, private, mustered in May 27, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
James Arnold, private, mustered in May 28, 1861,
three years; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
John Arnold, private, mustered in May 28,1861, three
years ; transferred to One Hundred and Ninety-
first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers May 31,
1864; veteran.
Reuben Botdorf, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years ; discharged June 30, 1861.
David Bowersox, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
January 6, 1862.
Solomon Bender, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
January 15, 1862.
William Bobb, private, mustered in May 6, 1861, three
years ; died August 8, 1861 ; buried in Military
Asylum Cemetery, Washington, D. C.
Jacob F. Boran, private, mustered in May 27, 1861,
three years; killed at South JJountain September
14, 1862.
THE WAK FOK THE UNION.
181
Thomas Boran, private, mustered in May 28, 1861,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
William F. Charles, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
Peter Campbell, private, mustered in October 8, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
May 30, 1862.
Abraham Campbell, private, mustered in October 8,
1861, three years : discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate October 29, 1862.
Adam Campbell, private, mustered in October 8,
1861, three years; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers May 31, 1864; veteran.
Stephen Chubb, private, mustered in July 27, 1861,
three years ; killed at Wilderness May 8, 1864.
Wilson Duck, private, mustered in May 6, 1861, three
years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate August
17, 1861.
Isaac Decker, private, mustered in May 28, 1861, three
years ; transferred to One Hundred and Ninety-
first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers May 31,
1864; veteran.
John Doney, private, mustered in July 24, 1861, three
years ; transferred to One Hundred and Ninety-
first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers May 31,
1864; veteran.
Martin Daisey, private, mustered in May 27, 1861,
three years ; killed at Fredericksburg December
13,1862.
Nicholas Dormier, private, mustered in May 27, 1861,
three years.
Peter Eckhart, private, mustered in July 24, 1861,
three years; killed at Fredericksburg December
13, 1862 ; burial record, died at Richmond, Va.,
December 20, 1862.
George Euig, private, mustered in July 24, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
Edwin W. Finicle, private, mustered in May 18, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
Henry Fink, private, mustered in May 6, 1861, three
years ; discliarged on surgeon's certificate Janu-
ary 5, 1863.
Patrick Feeney, private, mustered in May 27, 1861,
three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
Adam Gutsleber, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
Michael Gray, private, mustered in May 27, 1861, three
years ; prisoner February 1, 1864 ; died at Ander-
sonville, grave 1302.
Cyrus Gregory, private, mustered in May 27, 1861,
three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
Samuel Gundrum, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
Daniel Grow, private, mustered in October 8, 1861,
three years; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
Levi Haas, private, mustered in July 24, 1861, three
years; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
Geo. Haines, private, mustered in July 24,1861, three
years.
Thomas Hammond, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years.
Nathaniel Keeler, private, mustered in July 24,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
June 11, 1864.
Martin L. Keifer, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
John Kohler, private, mustered in July 27, 1861,
three years ; killed at Antietam September 17,
1862.
Leonidas Keeler, private, mustered in February 24,
1864, tliree years; not on muster-out roll.
Samuel Long, private, mustered in May 6, 1861, three
years ; transferred to Western gun-boat service
February 17, 1862.
John Loy, private, mustered in May 27, 1861, three
years ; transferred to Battery A, First Pennsyl-
vania Artillery, June 1, 1862.
Franklin Leister, private, mustered in July 24, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864 ; veteran.
Horace Lloyd, private, mustered in May 6, 1861, three
years.
Chas. Miller, private, mustered in May 6, 1861, three
years; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
Jacob E. Mooney, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years; promoted May 30, 1864; absent at
muster out.
David C. Mowry, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years; promoted May 8, 1864; absent at
muster out.
Clinton Mackey, private, mustered in May 28, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864.
Rein't Morniugstar, private, mustered in May 25,
1861, three years.
John McCormick, private, mustered in May 27, 1861,
three years; prisoner May 30, 1864; absent at
muster out.
Joseph Norwood, private, mustered in July 11, 1861,
three years; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 30, 1864.
u
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Emanuel Neitz, private, mustered in July 24, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
February 24, 1862.
Edw. Norwood, private, mustered in July 11, 18G1,
three years; died at Philadelphia September 28,
1862.
Wm. Oswalt, private, mustered in July 27, 1861, three
years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate March
14, 1862.
Michael Pei)per, jjrivate, mustered in May 27, 1861,
three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
David Parker, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
Wm. H. Peifer, private, mustered in July 10, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
April 15, 1862.
Henry Pontzline, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
October 23, 1862.
Jacob F. Peifer, private, mustered in October 8, 1861,
three years.
John O. Eupp, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
Levi C. Ressler, private, mustered in July 10, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
Franklin Reif, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
John B. Rorick, private, mustered in July 10, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
John Reigle, private, mustered in July 24, 1861, three
years; discharged on surgeon's certificate Febru-
ary 24, 1862.
Samuel Rogers, private, mustered in May 28, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864 ; veteran.
Wilson Rathfan, private, mustered in October 8,
1861, three years; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers May 31, 1864; veteran.
Thos. Rathfan, private, mustered in October 8, 1861,
three years; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864 ; veteran.
Joel Reichenbach, private, mustered in October 8,
1861, three years ; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers May 31, 1864; veteran.
John Smith, private, mustered in May 25, 1861, three
years; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
Samuel Seesholtz, private, mustered hi May 6, 1861,
three years ; mustof ed out with company June
11, 1864.
Cyrus Salada, private, mustered in May 27, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
John Sampell, private, mustered in May 6, 1861, three
years; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
William Seller, private, mustered in May 28, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
John N. Snyder, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
Theodore S. F. Sterick, private, mustered in May 6,
1861, three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
Nicholas Simon, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment [Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
Joel Shaffer, private, mustered in May 6, 1861, three
years ; transferred to One Hundred and Ninety-
first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers May 31,
1864; veteran.
John H. Seachrist, private, mustered in July 24, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864 ; veteran.
Charles Spencer, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
August 17, 1861.
Theodore Strawser. private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
November 24, 1862.
Henry Shrawder, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three y'ears ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
May 21, 1862.
Peter Shultzbach, private, mustered in May 28, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
November 23, 1862.
Henry Shultzbach, private, mustered in February 24,
1861, three years; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers May 31, 1864.
Willliam Stahl, private, mustered iu February 24,
1861, three years; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers May 31, 1864.
Nathaniel Swartz, private, mustered in May 27, 1861,
three years; died August 10, 1861; buried at
Military Asylum Cemetery, Washington, D. C.
Samuel Spotts, private, mustered in July 24, 1861,
three years ; drowned at Harrison's Landing
July 7, 1862.
John Sterer, private, mustered in July 24, 1861, three
years ; killed at Bull Run August 30, 1862.
David Shell, private, mustered in May 6. 1861, three
years ; died at Fredericksburg October 1, 1862.
Richard Sansa, private, mustered in July 24, 1861,
three years.
Simon Troup; private, mustered in May, 6, 1861, three
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
183
years
1862.
killed at South Mountain September 14,
John Trego, private, mustered in July 10, 18G1, three
years ; died at Fredericksburg October 3, 1862.
William Walt, private, mustered in July 2-1, 1861,
three years; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninety-first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864 ; veteran.
Rudy Wilmore, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
January 25, 1863.
Emanuel Werick, private, mustered in July 27, 1861.
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
May 7, 1863.
John F. Zartman, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
Samuel Zimmerman, private, mustered in May 6,
1861 ; died September 4, 1S61.
Jacob F. Zechman, private, mustered in May 6, 1861,
three years ; died at Alexandria, Va., Septem-
ber 16, 1862.
THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT.
The Thirty-sixth Regiment, or Seventli Re-
serve, contained one company (B) of Perry
County soldiers, and a considerable number of
men of the same county in Companies A and H.
There were also Mifflin and Juniata County
men serving in the same companies. The regi-
ment was organized in the early part of the
summer of 1861, under command of Colonel
Elisha B. Harvey, of Wilkesbarre, and was
rendezvoused at Camj) Wayne, near West Ches-
ter, where it was fully clothed, armed and
equipped by the State. It remained at this
camp until the 21,st of July, when it moved to
Washington, D. C, by way of Harri.sburg. At
the capital city it was encamped on Meridian
Hill, where, on the 27th, it was mustered into
the United States service for three years. On
the 2d of August it marched to Tenallytown,
Md., and there encamped with the other regi-
ments of the Reserve Division of General Mc-
Call. It was assigned to duty in the Second
Brigade, commanded by General George G.
Meade, afterwards commander of the Army of
the Potomac.
At Tenallytown and vicinity the regiment
remained with the division, employed in drill
and picket duty until the 9th of October, when
it crossed the Potomac and marched to " Camp
Pierpont," at Langley, Va., where it remained
during the entire winter of 18Gl--()2. On the
10th of March, 1862, the Seventh, with the
division, broke camp and marched in the (expec-
tation of taking part in a grand attack on the
enemy's stronghold at Manassas, but the advance
disclosed the fact that the hostile force had
withdrawn from the front, and thereupon the
Seventh, with the other Reserve regiments
marched back to the vicinity of Alexandria,
where the division was assigned to the First
Army Corps, under General Irwin McDowell.
Tlie regiment went into camp at Fairfax Station,
and remained until April 9th, when it advanced
with the division to Manassas Junction, and
thence, on the 17th, to Catlett's Station. On the
11th of May it moved to Falmouth, on the
Rappaliaunock, and after remaining there nearly
a month, embarked (June 9th) on transports
and proceeded to White House, Va., advancing
thence to the line of the Chickahominy, on the
right of the Army of the Potomac, there being
attached to General Fitz John Porter's (Fifth)
army corps.
The first battle of the Seventh was that of
Mechanicsville, or Beaver Dam, which was
fought by the Reserves against a greatly superior
force of the enemy, on the afternoon of Thursday,
the 26th of June. In this engagement theSeventh
held for six hours a position of extreme peril, and
through the night succeeding the conflict, held
the field as a rear guard, to watch the move-
ments of the enemy, and within fifty yards- of
his line. An hour before daybreak it was with-
drawn from this dangei-ous position, and retired
with the othe)' troops of the Reserve down the
Chickahominy to the uneven ground around
Dr. Gaines' mansion and mill, where Cieneral
Fitz John Porter had decided to post his corps
and stand for battle. In the engagement which
followed in the afternoon of the same day —
known in history as the battle of Gaines' Mill —
the Seventh fought desperately, being called on
three times to resist charges of the enemy, and
sustaining a loss of nearly half its numbers in
killed and wounded.
Early in the morning (Saturday, June 28th)
succeeding the battle tiie regiment, with its
brigade, crossed to the south side of the Chicka-
hominy, and late in the same night took the
road to Savage Station and, by way of White
181
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Oak Swamp, to Charles City Cross-Roads — the
Reserves having in charge the entire reserve
artillery of the Army of" the Potomac and a
drove of two thousand five hundred cattle. It
was nearly noon on Sundav, the 29th, when the
Seventh crossed White Oak Swamp bridge, and
ten o'clock at night when it reached Charles
City Cross-Roads. In the morning of tiie 30th
it was drawn back nearly two miles and re-
mained quietly resting until afternoon, when
the line (of which the Seventh formed the ex-
treme right) was suddenly and fiercely attacked,
and a general engagement followed, in which
the Seventh took a conspicuous j)art, fighting
until darkness closed the struggle. The loss of
the regiment in that series of battles was over
three hundred in killed, wounded and missing,
leaving only about two hundred to answer the
regimental roll-call. The Seventh was not or-
dered into the battle of Malvern Hill, which
occurred on the following day, but moved with
the other regiments to Harrison's Landing, on
the James, and there occupied a fortified camp
for about six weeks, during which time it crossed
the James to the southern shore, with the brig-
ade, to cut down the woods and burn the build-
ings of Edmund Ruffin, which had sheltered a
large body of the enemy, who, in the night of
July 31st, had opened a furious cannonade from
that point, for the purpose of destroying the
Union transports and stores collected on the
north shore of the river at the Berkeley Landing.
On the 15th of August the regiment was,
with others, embarked on transports and pro-
ceeded, by way of Fortress Monroe and the
Potomac River, to Acquia Creek Landing, ar-
riving there on the 17th and marching thence
to Kelly's Ford, on the Rappahannock, thus
becoming for the time a part of General John
Pope's Army of Virginia, in which command it
took part in the battle of Second Bull Run,
August 29th and 30th, losing very heavily. At
Chantilly, on the following day, the Seventh
was not engaged, and immediately afterwards,
at the close of the campaign, it moved to a
camp at Munson's Hill, Va., whence, on the
7tli of Saptember, it moved with the army
across the Potomac and encamped at Meridian
Hill, Washington. Two days later it marched
north through Maryland, and again met the
enemy at South Mountain in the battle of the
14th of September. Two days later it joined
in the opening of the first day's battle (Sep-
tember 16th) at Antietam. and on the 17th par-
ticipated in that great conflict with the greatest
steadiness and gallantry, and winning and re-
ceiving the warm commendation of Major-
General Sumner.
On the 26th of October the Seventh, with
its brigade, crossed the Potomac at Berlin and
marched to Warrenton, Va. It arrived there
on the 6th of November and remained until
the 16th, when it moved with the army to the
line of the Rappahannock and, on the 19th,
encamped with the Reser^^es at Belle Plain.
In the preparations for the battle of Fredericks-
burg it crossed the river on the 1 2th of Decem-
ber, taking a position below the town, from
which it advanced to the charge, capturing a
large number of prisoners, but sustaining a loss
of seventy-eight killed and wounded, among
the latter being Lieutenant John Q. Snyder, of
Company B, who.se wound resulted in the loss
of a leg. On the 15th the regiment recrossed
the Rappahannock, and on the 16th again oc-
cupied its old camp at Belle Plain, which be-
came its winter-quarters until February 7th,
when it was moved to Upton's Hill and re-
mained there until April 14th, when it was
stationed at Camp Convalescent. In June,
1863, it returned to Alexandria and remained
there, engaged principally in guard and provost
duty, during the succeeding summer, fall and
winter.
On the opening of the spring campaign of
1864 the Seventh was ordered to prepare for
active operations. On the 18tli of April it
marched to Manassas, whence, on the 2d of
May, it advanced to the Rapidan, crossing the
stream on the 3d and camping that night in
the Wilderness, near the old battle-ground of
Chancellorsville. On the 5th it became en-
gaged with the enemy, and, becoming separated
from its supports in the tangled copses of the
Wilderness, the larger part of the regiment
(two hundred and seventy-two officers and men)
were captured and made prisoners of war by
the Confederates. They were immediately
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
185
niarolied to the rear, at Orange Court-House,
and thence to Lynchburg, Va., wlience the offi-
cers were sent to Macon, Ga. (and subsequently
to Cliarleston, S. C), and the privates to the
liorrible prison-pen at Andersonville, Ga., where
sixty-seven of them died. A larger number
still died at the prison-camp at Florence, S. C.
The capture of the jirincipal part of the
regiment in the Wilderness closed its military
career. There were left one hundred and ten
otiicers and men (including recruits), who were
placed under command of Captain Samuel B.
King, of Company H, who had just returned
from recruiting service in Pennsylvania. This
small body of men, representing the Eleventh
Regiment, remained in the field until after the
action at Bethesda Church, when (their term
having expired) the remaining original mem-
bers returned with the Reserve Division to
Harrisburg and thence to Philadelphia, where
they were mustered out of service June 16, 1864.
Company B, Perry County. — The roll of
the Perry County company of the Seventh Re-
serve Regiment is here given, viz. :
John Jameson, captain, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; wounded at Antietam September
14, 1862; resigned November 11, 1862.
John Q. Snyder, captain, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years promoted to first lieutenant Novem-
ber 11,1861; to captain November 11, 1862;
wounded with loss of leg at Fredericksburg De-
cember 13, 1862 ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate April 9, 1863.
H. Clay Snyder, captain, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; promoted to first lieutenant March
28, 1863 ; to captain July 21, 1863 ; discharged
August 15, 1863.
George K. Schall, first lieutenant, mustered in May
4, 1861, three years ; resigned November 11, 1861.
John Deitrick, first lieutenant, mustered in May 4,
1861, three years ; promoted to sergeant May 11,
1861 ; to second lieutenant March 1, 1863 ; to first
lieutenant July 20, 1863 ; dismissed May 3, 1864.
W. H. Dieffenbach, second lieutenant, mustered in
May 4, 1861 ; three years; promoted to sergeant
July, 1862; to second lieutenant July 31, 1863;
brevetted first lieutenant March 13, 1865; captured
May 30, 1864 ; discharged March 12, 1865.
Amos W. Hetrick, first sergeant, mustered in May 4,
1861, three years ; killed at Gaines' Mill June 27,
1862.
Henry H. Winters, first sergeant, mustered in May 4,
1861, three years ; promoted to first sergeant June
26, 1862; discharged October, 25,1862, for wounds
received at Bull Run.
John J. Hamilton, first sergeant, mustered in May 4,
1861, three years; promoted to corporal Jlay 1,
1862; to sergeant December 1, 1862; to first ser-
geant August 1, 1863; mustered out with com-
pany June 16, 1864.
Benjamin Huff, sergeant, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; promoted to corporal March, 1863;
to sergeant January 1, 1864 ; captured May 5,
1864 ; discharged June 13, 1865 ; veteran.
William H. Portsling, sergeant, mustered in May
4, 1861, three years ; wounded at Gaines' Mill
June 27, 1862 ; promoted to sergeant March 28,
1863 ; captured at Wilderness May 5, 1864 ; trans-
ferred to One Hundred and Ninetieth Regiment
Pennsylvania Volunteers May 31, 1864; veteran.
J. W. Eshelman, sergeant, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate,
date unknown.
Samuel Haas, sergeant, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years; promoted to sergeant May 1, 1862;
discharged on surgeon's certificate January 21,
1863.
H. McCracken, sergeant, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; promoted to sergeant September 1,
1863 ; mustered out with company June 16, 1864.
John Grimes, sergeant, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; promoted to sergeant January 1,
1864; mustered out with company June 16, 1864.
William Newkirk, corporal, mustered in May 4,1861,
three years ; killed at Gaines' Mill June 27, 1862.
James Hebel, corporal, mustered in May 4, 1861, three
years ; promoted to corporal March 28, 1863 ; trans-
ferred to One Hundred and Ninetieth Regiment
Pennsylvania Volunteers MaySl, 1864; veteran.
Philip Klinger, musician, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864 ; veteran.
T. Kirkpatrick, musician, mustered in July 18, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
January 29, 1862.
Matthew Adams, private, mustered in jNlay 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
October 11, 1862; re-enlisted January 21, 1864;
died at Alexandria, Va., March 5, 1864.
Michael W. Bowers, private, mustered in May 4,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
June 16, 1864.
Lewis Bitting, private, mustered in May 4, 1861, three
years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate March
3, 1863.
JohnB. Boyer, private, mustered inM.ay4, 1861, three
years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate October
23, 1862.
Elias Beaumont, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years; transferred to One Hundred and
186
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
William BDlman, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864.
Joseph C. Blakely, private, mustered in February 25,
1801, three years; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864.
Edward Bowers, private, mustered in May 4, 18G1,
three years ; missing in action at Bethesda
Church, Va., May 30, 1864.
George W. Brown, private, mustered in July 18, 1861,
three years; killed at Gaines' Mill June 27, 1862.
John Chamberlain, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years; wounded at Charles City Cross-
Roads June 30, 18G2 ; absent at muster out.
John Cluck, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years; wounded with loss of leg at Fred-
ericksbui'g December 13, 1862 ; discharged De-
cember 10, 1863.
William H. Dewalt, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years; nuistered out with company June 16,
1864.
John Deemer, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
November, 1861.
John Derr, private, mustered in January 28, 1862,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
May 20, 1862.
James C. Duffy, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31,1864; veteran.
Leonard Deitrick, private, mustered in January 28,
1862, three years; captured May 5, 1864; dis-
charged, date unknown.
William Free, private, mustered in May 4, 1861, three
years ; mustered out with company June 16, 1864.
George Foley, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
December 7, 1862.
George Grissinger, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
December 20, 1862.
John W. Glaze, private, mustered in January 28,
1862, three years ; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864.
Charles Gebhart, private, mustered in July 18, 1861,
three years; transferred to Battery A, Forty-Third
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, January 23,
1862.
Stephen F. Glaze, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years; captured May 5, 1864; died at
Andersonville ; veteran.
Andrew H. Griffin, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; missing in action at Wilderness
May 30, 1864; veteran.
John S. Hain, private, mustered in May 4, 1861, three
years ; mustered out with company June 16, 1864.
John C. Hebel, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June 16,
1864.
John F. Hassinger, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June 16,
1864.
Jacob Huggins, private, mustered in July 18, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June
16, 1864.
Jonathan Hilbert, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; transferred to Veteran Reserve
Corps February 15, 1864.
James Heckard, private, mustered in Maj' 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
December 18, 1862.
John W. Holmes, private, mustered in September 20,
1861, three years ; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
David Hebel, private, mustered in December 31, 1863,
three years; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864.
Frederick H. Harmon, private, mustered in February
9, 1864, three years ; wounded, with loss of arm.
May 11, 1864; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864.
Calvin R. Harmon, private, mustered in February 9,
1864, three years ; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers May 31, 1864.
Newton C. Harmon, private, mustered in February 9,
1864, three years ; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers May 31, 1864.
Alfred Hebel, private, mustered in December 31,
1863, three years; missing inaction at Bethesda
Church May 30, 1864.
Jacob Holmau, private, mustered in January 28,
1862, three yeai's; prisoner irom May 30, to No-
vember 26, 1864; discharged February 27, 1865.
Leonard Keiser, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged^ on surgeon's certificate
October 8, 1862.
William Keagy, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged September 26, 1862, for
wounds received at Charles City Cross-Roads.
William T. Keller, private, mustered in September
18, 1861, three years ; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers May 31, 1864.
John S. Laning, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years|; mustered one with company June 16,
1864.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
187
James Larzelier, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June 16,
1SC4.
Daniel Liddic, private, mustered in July 18, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
16, 1864.
Solomon Leitzel, private, mustered in July 18, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
May 20, 1862.
Thomas Lowe, private, mustered in September 18,
1861, three years; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
Isaac R. Lenhart, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
William Lindsey, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment May 31, 1864; veteran.
Jacob Light, private, mustered in February 23, 1864
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864.
Jeremiah Liddic, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; missing in action at Wilderness
May 5, 1864 ; veteran.
Benjamin E. Liddic, private, mustered in January
28, 1862, three years; missing in action at Wil-
derness May 5, 1864; veteran.
William Miller, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
16, 1864.
Thomas McConnell, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June 16,
1864.
C. McGlaughlin, private, mustered in January 28,
1862, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate November 2, 1862.
Lewis Myers, private, mustered in May 4, 1861, three
years; discharged on surgeon's certificate July 8,
1862.
John Monroe, private, mustered in July 18, 1861,
three years ; discharged October 10, 1862, for
wounds received at Charles City Cross-Roads.
John A. McKnight, private, mustered in September
18, 1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate March 3, 1862; re-enlisted January 28,
1864; missing in action at Wilderness May 5,
1864.
George Matchett, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; missing in action at Wilderness May
5, 1864; veteran.
James McGlaughlin, private, mustered in May 4,
1861, three years ; died at Annapolis, Md., Oc-
tober 27, 1862.
Joseph Potter, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years; absent, sick, at muster out.
Rudolph Preisler, private, mustered in May 25, 1861,
three years; wounded May 11, 1864; transferred
to One Hundred and Ninetieth Regiment Penn-
sylvania Volunteers May 31, 1864; veteran.
Silas Portzling, private, mustered in May 4, 1801, three
years ; died at home, in Snyder County, Pa., No-
vember 29, 1863.
Christopher C. Reen, private, mustered in May 4,
1861, three years ; wounded at Second Bull Run;
discharged on surgeon's certificate April .30, 1863.
Frederick Reen, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; wounded at Second Bull Run ; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate April 30, 1863.
Frederick Rinehart, private, mustered in January
28, 1862, three years ; wounded with loss of arm ;
discharged on surgeon's certificate, date unknown.
Israel Ritter, private, mustered in May 4, 1861, three
years; transferred to One Hundred and Nine-
tieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers May
31, 1864; veteran.
Elias Rice, private, mustered in May 4, 1861, three
years; captured May 5, 1864; died at Anderson-
ville September 3, 1864, grave 7716.
Jacob Shoemaker, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
16, 1864.
David P. Sheibley, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June
16, 1864.
Henry H. Shuler, private, mustered in July 18, 1861,
three years ; wounded ; mustered out with com-
pany June 16, 1864.
James P. Sheibley, private, mustered in M;iy 4, 1861,
three years; wounded at Charles City Cross-
Roads June 30, 1862 ; mustered out with company
June 16, 1864.
Joseph Stevens, private, mustered in January 28,
1862, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate, date unknown.
James Snyder, private, mustered in May 25, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
George Smith, private, mustered in May 25, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
Jeremiah J. Stailey, private, mustered in May 4,
1861, three years; captured May 6, 1864; mus-
tered out May 11, 1865.
David Shatto, private, mustered in May 25, 1861,
three years; died at Washington, D. C, October
4, 1863.
Richard Tagg, private, mustered in May 25, 1861,
three years ; discharged November 14, 1862, for
wounds received at Antietam September 17, 1862.
Robert Temple, private, mustered in Jauuarv 28,
1862, three years; transferred to Veteran Re-
serve Corps November 6, 1868.
188
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA
William Ulsh, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers May 31, 1864.
Wesley Vandling, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
December 10, 1862.
William Wingard, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; wounded ; absent, sick, at muster
out.
Elias Welsh, private, mustered in May 4, 1861, three
years; wounded at Charles City Cross- Roads
June 30, 1862 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out.
William Weikell, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
G. W. Williamson, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate ;
date unknown.
Joseph Winters, private, mustered in May 25, 1861,
three years ; discharged September 5, 1862, for
wounds received at Gaines' Mill.
Cyrus Williamson, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate,
March 3, 1863.
John Wagner, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
March 3, 1863 ; re-enlisted January 28, 1864 ; miss-
ing in action May 5, 1864.
J. W. Williamson, private, mustered in February 5,
1864, three years; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers May 31, 1864.
Alfred Wolf, private, mustered in February 13, 1864,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864.
Isaiah D. Winters, private, mustered in January 28,
1862, three years; missing in action in Wilder-
ness May 5, 1864 ; discharged, date unknown ;
veteran.
P. E. Williamson, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years ; died September 20, 1862, of wounds
received at South Mountain.
William Walker, private, mustered in May 4, 1861,
three years.
John Zitch, private, mustered in May 4, 1861, three
years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb-
ruary 14, 1863.
FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT.
The Forty-second Regiment, otherwise known
as the " Bucktails," or the " Kane Rifle Regi-
ment of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps,"
which, in its formation, was intended to in-
clude only companies of skilled marks-
men, selected chiefly from the lumbering dis-
tricts of the State, was recruited in the spring
of 1861 (largely through the efforts of Thomas
L. Kane, brother of Dr. Kane, the famous
Arctic explorer), and was rendezvoused at Camp
Curtin, Harrisburg, where it was duly organ-
ized under command of Colonel Charles J.
Biddle, the lieutenant-colonel being Thomas
L. Kane, who was afterwards promoted to
brigadier-general.
On the 21st of Jiuie the Bucktail regiment
left Camp Curtin (in company with the Fifth
Reserve, Colonel S. G. Simmons) and pro-
ceeded to Hopewell, Pa., whence it marched, by
way of Bedford Springs, to " Camp Mason and
Dixon," on the Maryland State line, from
which, on the 7th of July, it moved to a camp
at Cumberland, Md. On the 12th the regi-
ment attacked a body of Confederate cavalry,
at Ridgeville, Va., but was obliged to retire to
New Creek and Piedmont, which position it
held until July 27th, when, in accordance with
orders then received, it returned to Harrisburg.
On the 1st of August it was ordered thence to
Harper's Ferry, where it was assigned to Colonel
George H. Thomas' brigade, in the division of
General Nathaniel P. Banks. In this command
it remained until the 1st of October, when it
moved to join the other regiments of the Re-
serve Division, in the camp at Tenallytown, Md.
From that camp it moved with the other regi-
ments of McCall's division, and, crossing the
Potomac on the 9th of October, moved to a
camp in the vicinity of Langley, Va. From
this camp, on the 20th of December, it marched
to take part in the battle of Dranesville, in
which action its loss was thirty killed and
wounded, among the latter being two officers,
one of whom was Lieutenant-Colonel Kane, who
received a painful wound in the face.
In the spring campaign of 18(32 the Buck-
tail regiment marched, with the other Reserves,
to Manassas, in the expectation of attacking the
Confederate works there, but finding them aban-
doned and the enemy gone, they returned to a
camp at Alexandria. This movement occupied
from the 10th to the 20th of March, in the
roughest and most inclement weather of the
year.
From Alexandria the regiment was moved
to Falmouth, on the Rappahannock, whence
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
189
four comjianies of scouts, as a part of the brig-
ade of General Reynolds, were moved forward
iu May, on a reeonnoisance toward Hanover
Court-Hoiise, the expectation of tlie men and
officers being that they were to join the Army
of tlie Potomac, then on the Peninsula. These
expectations were not realized, and the battalion,
after marcliing back to the Rappahannock, was
ordered to the support of General Fremont, who
was confronting Stonewall Jackson in the
Shenandoah Valley. Iu this expedition the
Bucktails performed excellent service, but their
numbers became reduced to one hundred and
four men of the four companies, — C, G, H and
I, — which had been detailed for special duty as
scouts and skirmishers, with Lieuteuaut-Colonel
Kane, who was himself among the wounded.
At the same time they inflicted, on the four
Confedei'ate regiments who opposed them, a
loss of five hundred and fifty-nine in killed and
wounded.
Early in June the other six companies, four
hundred strong, had embarked on the Rappa-
hannock for the Peninsula, and arrived, on the
9th, at White House, Ya., whence it moved
forward to Dispatch Station, and along the left
bank of the Chickahominy to a point on the
extreme right of the Army of the Potomac, the
Reserves holding the line from Gaines' Mill to
Beaver Dam Creek. This position was taken
on the 18th of June and was held until the
26th, when a heavy Confederate force appeared
on their front and opened a most furious as-
sault which continued until after dark, and is
known in history as the battle of Mechauics-
ville. From this bloody field the little battalion
of Bucktails retired early in the morning of the
27th, it being the rear-guard of the Reserve Di-
vision iu the retreat to Gaines' Mill, where,
later in the day, the great battle of that name
was fought. In the fighting which fell to the
lot of the Bucktail companies in the conflict of
Mechanicsville, and in their guarding of the
rear of the division in the retreat to Gaines'
Mill, they suffered a very heavy loss, of which
Bates' .says; "The loss in the morning's en-
gagement and retreat was more than half of its
' "History of Pennsylvania Volunteers."
[the Bucktail l)attalion's] effective force, and
upon its arrival at Gaines' Mill, it could mus-
ter but six officers and one hundred and
twenty-flve men." This loss was additional to
that of the afternoon of the 26th, in the
battle of Mechanicsville. In the action
of the 27th, at Gaines' Mill it was hotly
engaged for fully four hours, until its ammuni-
tion was exhausted, and losing twenty-six
killed aud wounded, which was a very heavy
loss out of the small number with which the
battalion entered the fight.
During the night of the 27th the Reserves
crossed to the south side of the Chickahominy,
and in the following night (Saturday, Jtine
28th) pushed on, by way of White Oak Swamp,
towards Charles City Cross-Roads, where a fierce
battle was fought on Monday, the 30th, in
which Major-General McCall, the division com-
mander, was wounded and made prisoner, and
the Bucktail battalion was almost annihilated,
losing ninety- two officers and men, killed,
wounded and taken prisoners. It was not or-
dered into the battle at Malvern Hill, on the
following day, and on the 2d of July it reached
a camping-ground at Harrison's Landing, on
the James, where it remained for several weeks,
during which time it was reinforced by the re-
turn of a part of the men who had been taken
prisoners in the battle of IMechanicsville.
From the camp at Harrison's Landing the
Bucktail battalion was moved, on the 15tli of
August, and proceeded, by way of Acquia
Creek, to Warrenton, Va., where it became, for
the time, a part of General Pope's Army of
Virginia, and in the campaign which was then
iu progress it took part in the Second Bull Run
battle (August 29th and 30th), in which its loss
was twenty-four, killed and wounded.
On the 7th of September the four companies
which had been separated from the remainder
of the regiment, to act a.s scouts, rejoineil the
battalion, and on the same day the Bucktails
moved northward to meet the enemy in his
invasion of Maryland. On the 1 4th they reached
South Mountain, and immediately became en-
gaged in the fierce battle that rageil along its
declivity, from base to summit. They charged
with great impetuosity, capturing many prison-
190
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
ers and losing sixty-three killed and wounded.
Again, on the 16th and 17th, they fought bravely
and well in the great battle of Antietam, losing
one hundred and ten officers and men killed and
wounded, of whom ninety-five went down on
the 16th in a single charge. Among the killed
was the commanding officer, Colonel Hugh W.
McNeil, and Lieutenant William Allison, of
Company B.
From Antietam, after some delay, the regi-
ment crossed the Potomac into Virginia, and
was encamped for some time near Warrenton,
then moved to the vicinity of Fredericksburg.
On the 12th of December they crossed the river
below the town, and took position for the great
battle of the following day, in which their loss
was one hundred and thirty-two killed, wounded
and missing. The regiment returned on the
15th to the north side of the Rappahannock,
whence, on the 6th of February, it moved with
the other Reserves to the Washington defenses,
and encamped at Fairfax Court-House, where it
became a part of the Twenty-second Corps, and
of McCandless' (First) brigade. Here it re-
mained until the 25tli of June, 1863, when it
rejoined the Fifth Corps, and marched north-
ward to Maryland and Pennsylvania, to meet
the invading army of the Confederates. It
reached Gettysburg on the 2d of July, and late
in the afternoon of the same day entered the
great battle which was then in progress. From
that time until the evening of the 3d it was
continually under heavy fire, and made several
charges, capturing a large number of prisoners
and losing forty-seven officers and men killed
and Mounded. In the later operations of 1863,
in Virginia, the Bucktail regiment was actively
and continually engaged until the close of the
Mine Run campaign, when it went into winter-
quarters at Bristoe Station.
On the opening of the spring campaign of
1864 the regiment broke camp April 29th, and
marched to Culpeper, where it was armed with
Spencer seven shooting rifles. It crossed the
Rapidan May 4th, and on the following day
became engaged in the battle of the Wilderness,
at Parker's Store, charging through the Con-
federate line with a loss of only fourteen men.
Again, on the 6th, it was engaged at diffijrent
times during the entire day, losing twenty-three
men. At Spottsylvania, on the 8th, it took part
in three unsuccessful charges of the Reserve
Division. On the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th, on
the line of the Po River, the regiment was con-
stantly under fire in front of the Confederate
line of works, and on the 13th, for the fii'st
time in the campaign, it enjoyed a day of rest.
On the 14th, and from that time till the 20th,
it was engaged in marching and skirmishing
without intermission, reaching Guinea Station
on the latter date. On the 22d it marched to
Jericho Ford, where it crossed the North Anna
River, advancing thence as skirmishers, clearing
the woods, and repulsing a determined attack
by the enemy. This position was held until
the night of the 26tli, when the Bucktails, with
other regiments, marched towards Bethesda
Church, reaching there on the 29tli. At that
point, on the 30th of May, the regiment fought
its last battle — its term of service expiring on
that day. In the series of battles of the cam-
paign which, for the Pennsylvania Reserves,
was closed by the fight at Bethesda Church, the
Bucktails had lost one hundred and forty-six
officers and men killed and wounded, and had
elicited the warmest and most flattering com-
mendations for bravery and steadiness by the
general officers under whom it served. On the
1st of June it was marched to the rear ; the
veterans and recruits were transferred to the
One Hundred and Ninetieth Regiment, and the
remainder of the men of the original Bucktails
were transported to Harrisburg, where, on the
11th of the same month, they were mustered out
of service.
Company B, Perry County. — In the
Bucktail regiment there were serving a consider-
able number of men from Mifflin and Juniata
Counties, and one of its companies, of which
Captain Langhorn Wistar was the original
commanding officer, was made up of Perry
County men, recruited at Duncannon, in that
county. A roll of the company is here given,
viz. :
Langhorn Wistar, captain, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; promoted to colonel One Hundred
and Fiftieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
September 4, 1862.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
191
Thomas B. Lewis, captain, mustered in June 4, 1861,
tliree years; promoted from first sergeant to
second lieutenant December 12, 18(31 ; to captain
September 16, 1862 ; mustered out with company
June 11, 1864.
John A. Gulp, first lieutenant, mustered in June 4,
1861, three years; resigned November 1, 1861.
William Allison, first lieutenant, mustered in June 4,
1861, three years ; killed at Antietam September
16, 1862.
Philip E. Keiser, first lieutenant, mustered in June 4,
1861, three years ; promoted to first sergeant De-
cember 12, 1861 ; to first lieutenant March 1,
1863 ; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
Joel R. Sparr, second lieutenant, mustered in June 4,
1861, three years ; promoted to sergeant Decem-
ber 12, 1861 ; to second lieutenant March 1,
1863 ; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
Frederick A. Perry, first sergeant, mustered in June
4, 1861, three years; promoted from private to
sergeant July 5, 1863 ; mustered out with com-
pany June 11, 1864.
Thomas J. Belton, first sergeant, mustered in June 4,
1861, three years ; killed at Gettysburg July 3,
1863; buried in National Cemetery, section B,
grave 91.
Charles W. Tierney, sergeant, mustered in June 4,
1861, three years ; promoted from private to ser-
geant November 1, 1863; mustered out with
company June 11, 1864.
Robert B. Bothwell, sergeant, mustered in June 4,
1861, three years; promoted from private to ser-
geant November 20, 1863 ; wounded May 12, 1864 ;
absent, sick, at muster out.
J. W. Muntzebaugh, sergeant, mustered in June 4,
1861, three years ; promoted from corporal to
sergeant July 1, 1863 ; mustered out with com-
pany June 11, 1864.
Remuel K. Morton, sergeant, mustered in June 4,
1861, three years ; discharged May 27, 1864.
John O'Brien, sergeant, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; died June 4, 1864, of wounds re-
ceived at Spottsylvania Court-House May 9,
1864.
Mark Burke, sergeant, mustered in August 7, 1861,
three years.
Joseph H. Meek, corporal, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11,1864.
Hiram G. Wolf, corporal, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
J. H. Muntzebaugh, corporal, mustered in Juno 4,
1861, three years; discharged by General Order
of War Department, 1862.
John W. Parsons, corporal, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
November 8, 1862.
Henry J. Jones, corporal, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
August 1, 1863.
Jacob E. Stuckey, corporal, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years; died November 16, 1863, of wounds
received at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.
Samuel Galbraith, corporal, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; killed at Dranesville December 20,
1861.
John Wilkinson, musician, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged August 2, 1861.
Charles Austin, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years; wounded May 7, 1864; absent, sick,
at muster out.
George L. Arnold, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years.
Robert H. Branyan, private, mustered in June 4,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
June 11, 1864.
James A. Branyan, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
Jeremiah Breckbill, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
James E. Burns, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 4, 1861.
James Bolden, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 9, 1862.
Isaac G. Black, private, mustered in December 26,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate August 22, 1862.
John Barth, private, mustered in August 8, 1861
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
■ January 8, 1863.
George L. Cook, private, mustered in June 4, 1861
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
October 28, 1862.
Edward Casswell, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
August 1, 1863.
Joseph Duncan, private, mustered in August 3, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
George L. Dile, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years; transferred from Veteran Reserve
Corps; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
Enoch R. Davis, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 29, 1862.
David Evans, private, mustered in August 3, 1861,
three years; discharged, on surgeon's certificate
November 14, 1862.
192
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
George W. Ebright, private, mustered in June 4,
1861, three years; died February 28, 1862.
Jacob Etter, private, mustered in June 4, 1861, tliree
years.
William A. Fissell, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June 11
1864.
John A. Fissell, private, mustered in June 4, 1861, three
years ; mustered out with company June 11, 1864.
Samuel Farnsvvorth, private, mustered in January 16,
1862; transferred to One Hundred and Ninetieth
Begiment Pennsylvania Volunteers May 31, 1864;
veteran.
Erastus R. Foster, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 28, 1862.
Francis A. Foster, private, mustered in August 19
1861, three years ; discharged Maj' 1, 1862, for
wounds received in action.
Ephraim B. Fleck, private, mustered in June 3, 1861,
three years ; discharged by General Order Novem-
ber 14, 1862.
Philip Furlong, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
January 20, 1863.
Patrick Foran, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; died at Manassas, Va., April 13,
1862.
Thomas G. Green, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
T. W. Gillespie, private, mustered in March 6, 1862,
three years ; killed at Charles City Cross-Eoads,
June 30, 1862.
William A. Holland, private, mustered in June 4,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
June 11, 1864.
Isaiah Hartzell, private, mustered in June 4, 1861
three years; mustered out with company June 11
1864.
John Hood, private, mustered in June 4, 1861, three
years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate July
24, 1861.
Edward Hayner, private, mustered in August 6, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864.
W. H. H. Irvin, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
December 10, 1862.
Nicholas Y. Jones, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
John Jamison, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 4, 1861.
Conrad Jumper, private, mustered in March 6, 1862,
three years ; killed at South Mountain Septem-
ber 14, 1862.
William H. Johnson, private, mustered in August 8,
1861, three years; absent in United States Insane
Asylum at muster out.
Charles Kugler, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
Joshua Lenig, private, mustered in March 6, 1862,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certflcate
May 12, 1862.
John B. Lewis, private, mustered in August 6, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
May 10, 1862.
Peter Lehman, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; died September 20, 1862, of wounds
received at Antietam September 17, 1862.
Joseph T. Ldwyer, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years.
Miles A. Mayall, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864 ; veteran.
George McCallum, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 4, 1861.
John H. Mell, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged, date unknown.
Jacob Myers, private, mustered in June 4, 1861, three
years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate August
8, 1861.
Samuel M. Mitchell, private, mustered in June 4,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate September 17, 1861.
Solomon Mick, private, mustered in August 6, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
March 4, 1862.
John C. Meek, private, mustered in March 6, 1862
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
February 19, 1863.
Andrew J. Metz, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged by General Order May 9,
1863.
Ambrose B. Magee, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; died March 1, 1863, of wounds re-
ceived at Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.
Jacob McCould, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years.
William Pressley, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June 11,
1864.
John Pemnell, private, mustered in August 6, 1861,
three years ; discharged April 28, 1862, for wounds
received in action.
Theodore A. Parsons, private, mustered in March 6,
1862, three years; killed at Charles City Cross-
Roads June 30, 1862.
Thomas C. Roberts, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
193
David Richard, private, mustered in August 8, 1861,
tliree years ; discharged ou surgeon's certificate
Jlay 10, 1862.
John Reynolds, private, mustered in June 4, ISGl,
three years ; transferred to Company F, date un-
known.
Charles Rennard, private, mustered in Augusts, 1861,
three years ; transferred to Company D, Forty-
Sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Sep-
tember 24, 1861.
George Ranp, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years; killed at Dranesville December 20,
1801.
Absalom Sweger, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
11, 1864.
Thomas J. Shively, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 9, 1864 ; absent, in hospital, at mus-
ter out.
George W. Shively, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years; mustered out with compauj- June
11, 1864.
John C. Smith, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; wounded at Bethesda Church May
30, 1864; absent, in hospital, at muster out.
John F. Staekle, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; missing in action at Wilderness
May s] 1864.
Oliver Sheaffer, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
Jiiiy24, 1861.
William M. Stevenson, private, mustered in June 4,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate August 7, 1861.
Levi Seward, private, mustered in January 16, 1862,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetietli Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864; veteran.
Truman K. Snyder, private, mustered in January 16,
1862, three yeare; discharged by General Order
December 11, 1862.
George W. Shatto, private, mustered in August 6, 1861,
three years ; transferred to One Hundred and
Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers
May 31, 1864.
Alexander Shatto, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years ; transferred to One Hundred
and Ninetieth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers May 31, 1864.
John Savers, private, mustered in June 4, 1861, three
years ; killed at Charles City Cross-Roads June
30, 1862.
Samuel Spear, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years; killed at Gettysburg July 2, 1863.
George H. Sparr, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years; died at Chesapeake Hospital
February 7, 1863.
1.3
Reuben Seller, private, mustered in .June 4, 1861,
three years.
John Seller, private, mustered in August 7, 1861,
three years.
John E. Shatto, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years.
Samuel A. Topley, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 28, 1862.
Robert B. Valentine, private, mustered in June 4,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
June 11, 1864.
James X. Vanzant, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
March 12, 1863.
James Walker, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company Juue
11, 1864.
George C. Watson, private, mustered in June 4, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 4, 1861.
FORTY-THIRD REGIMENT.
In Battery E of this regiment — the First Ar-
tillery— were at least two men from Union
County, — Captain Thomas G. Orwig and First
Lieutenant Benjamin M. Orwig.
FORTY-FOURTH REGIMEXT.
The Forty-fourth Regiment of the Penn-
sylvania line, otherwise known as the First
Cavalry, or Fifteenth Reserve Regiment, con-
tained one company (A, Captain John K.
Robinson) of men recruited in Juniata County,
and one company (C) of Mifflin County men,
uuder command of Captain John P. Taylor.
The organization of the regiment was eifected
September 1, 18G1, under Colonel George D.
Bayard (previously of the Fourth Uuited States
Cavalry), Lieutenant-Colonel Jacob Higgins
and jSLijor Owen Jones. The regiment joined
McCall's division of Pennsylvania Reserves at
the camp at Tenallytown, Md., in September,
and remaiued there engaged in drill and camj)
duties until October 10th, when it moved to
"Camp Pierpont," Va., where it remained dur-
ing the succeeding winter, participating, in the
mean time, in the battle of Dranesville and in
several encounters with the enemy's cavalry and
guerrillas, and being constantly engaged in
scouting, picket duty and drill.
On the opening of the spring campaign of
1862, under General McClellan, the First Cav-
194
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
airy moved with army to Manassas and Ceutre-
ville. It is always difficult to follow in detail
of description tlie movements of a cavalry com-
mand, so numerous are the marches, counter-
marches and changes of position, and such is
the case with regard to the history of the march-
ing and fighting of the First Cavahy. During
the year 1862, after the advance to Manassas
and the transfer of the Army of the Potomac
from the front of Washington to the Virginia
Peninsula, the regiment might be said to have
been continually in the saddle, marching thou-
sands of miles, always on the alert and frequent-
ly in action, though, from the nature of the cav-
alry service, seldom participating in the dangers
and glories of a great battle. This regiment
was in the early part of May employed in picket-
ing the line of the Rappahannock, attached to
the command of General McDowell, and when,
on the 25th of that mouth, he advanced by way
of Bowling Green towards Richmond, the First
formed part of the cavalry force which preceded
the infantry cor[is in its march (as was then
supposed) to reinforce IMcClcllan on the Penin-
sula.
Reaching the Pamnnkey River, and having
driven the enemy's cavalry to that stream, it
was there recalled, to move to the Shenandoah
Valley against Stonewall Jackson. By way of
Catlett's Station and Thoroughfare Gap, it
marched to Front Royal, thence to Strasburg,
where, on the 1st of June, it was heavily engaged
with the eneuiy, driving him in some confusion,
and fighting again at Harrisonburg, Va., against
a greatly superior force. On the 8th and 9th it
fought well at Cross Keys and Port Republic.
On the 10th it turned eastward again, passed
through Mount Jackson and Front Royal, and
came to Manassas on the 2;3d, after a month of
continuous riding, skirmishing and fighting,
over a route of nearly four hundred miles. Two
■weeks it remained at Manassas, then moved with
the Army of Virginia, under General Pope.
Here the service was the same, — skirmishing,
scouting, picketing and duty in saddle con-
stantly, by night and day. At the battle of
Cedar Mountain it performed invaluable service,
charging, fighting its way back through the
enemy's infantry, charging again, saving a bat-
tery from captui'e by the enemy and incurring
heavy loss.
When Pope retreated towards Washington,
the First Pennsylvania, with the First New
Jersey Cavalry, under Colonel Sir Percy
Wyndham, did more than any other two regi-
ments to protect the rear of the beaten Army of
Virginia, routing the enemy, who came on
exultantly at the crossing of the Rappahannock,
confident of cutting off the retreat of the Union
forces. A day later, in conjunction with a
division of infantry, it held Thoroughfare Gap
turnpike for six hours against the assaults of a
heavy force of the enemy under General Long-
street. Finally, the regiment fought a good
fight at the second battle of Bull Run, August
29th and 30th ; and then, when the campaign
was closed, it moved, with only two hundred
men (of whom fully half were dismounted), to a
camp at Munson's Hill, in front of Washington,
and then spread out its feeble force of videttes
across the highways and by-ways of the vicinity,
guarding against the approach of Confederate
foes towards the national capital. In Septem-
ber, Lieutenant-Colonel Barrows resigned, and
was succeeded by Captain John P. Taylor, of
Mifflin County, commanding officer of Company
C. In front of Washington the regiment
remained on such duty for nearl}^ six weeks,
and was then again moved southward, to guard
the front and flanks of the Army of the Poto-
mac, which was moving from Antietam, by way
of Berlin and Warrenton, to the Rappahannock
at Falmouth, from which j)oiiit, in the evening
of the 12tl) of December, a part of the regiment
^vas thrown across to the south side of the river,
to picket the sjjace between the enemy's position
and the pontoon bridges which were then
thrown across for the passage of the troops of
Franklin's corps in the then contemplated ad-
vance. In the great battle of Fredericksburg,
which was fought on the 13th, the regiment did
some skirmishing, and was for a time under a
heavy fire of artillery, but was not called on to
take part in the general engagement. After the
battle the First went into winter-quarters at
Belle Plain. It took part in the great '' mud
march" of January, 1863, and otherwise was
employed during the winter in picketing.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
195
seoiitiug and minor raiding in the neigiilwrhood
of the Ra|jpaiianno<rk. In tiie spring oamjiaign
it was employed in picketing antl guarding the
fords of the river, but took no part in the battle
of Chancellorsville. On the 28th of May it
moved to Warrenton Junction. June 10th it
took part in the cavalry fight at Brandy Station
under General Pleasanton, losing fourteen
killed and wounded. Ou the 22d it was again
engaged at Aldie. On the movement from that
point to>vards Gettysburg it was the rear-guard
of the cavalry column. In the great battle of
Gettysburg it was not engaged, but acted as a
guard to the headquarters of the commanding
general. In the pursuit of the enemy after the
battle the regiment was first engaged at Shep-
herdstown on the 16th of July. In this action
the companies fought dismounted, and con-
tributed in a great degree to the enemy's re-
\nilse. After the fight the regimental camp
was made at Bolivar Heights, from which, on
the 19th, the First marched eastward, and
reached Warrenton on the 27th. Picketing
skirmishing and continual marching succeeded
until the 14tli of October, Mhen the regiment
was fiercely engaged at Auburn, Va. in the
Mine Run campaign it fought dismounted at
New Hope Church, and captured twenty-eight
prisoners. The winter-quarters were made at
Stevensburg, and during the entire winter the
regiment furnished one-fourth of its effective
strength for constant duty on picket and iu the
saddle.
In the opening of the campaign of 186-4 the
cavalry moved on the 21st of April. This
regiment was engaged in scouting along the
Rappahannock for ten or twelve days, and on
the 3d of May crossed the Rappahannock, and
ou the 4th the Rapidan at Ely's Ford. On the
5th it was sharply engaged at Todd's Tavern,
and drove the enemy. Again, on the 7th, it
was engaged near the same place, diarging and
taking a considerable number of prisoners. On
the 9th it moved with the cavalry column of
General Sheridan on his great raid to the de-
fenses of Richmond, and before night was hotly
engaged. It fought at Ashland, Hungary Sta-
tion, Yellow Tavern and Meadow Bridge, near
Richmond; then twice crossing the Chicka-
hominy, reached James River at Haxall's, and
after a stay of three days there, returned to the
Army of the Potomac, arriving at Chesterfield
on the 25th of May. In the advance of the
army, the First fought with great determination
and with severe loss in the engagement at
Hawes' Shop, May 28th, and again at Barker's
Mills. From this time the marches and move-
ments of the I'egiment and its brigade were too
continuous and complicated to be followed in
detail. It fought in the engagement at Trevil-
lian Station, in Sheridan's second raid, and
again at St. Mary's Church, June 24th. Three
days later it crossed the James River. On the
12th of July it was engaged at Ream's Station,
and on the 27th at Malvern Hill, where it was
opposed by the enemy's infantry, and fought
dismounted, losing eighteen killed and wounde<l.
On the 30th it fought at Lee's Mills, and soon
after at Gravel Hill. It then returned to the
south side of the James, and, moving to the
Weldou Railroad, fought at Ream's Station,
which was the last action in which the Fir.~t
Cavalry was engaged. On the 30th of August,
the regiment being then in camp at Jerusalem
Plank-Road, the order for its relief from duty
was received, its time of service having expire.l.
On the 1st of September the regiment (except-
ing veterans and recruits) was withdrawn from
the front, and proceeded to Philadelphia, where
it was mustered out of service September 9,
1864.
A list is given below of officere and enlisted
men of Companies A and C of the First
Cavalry, the first of which was recruiteil wholly
in Juniata County, and the latter in Mifflin
County, it having been organized as early as
1858, at Reedville, as the "Mifflin County
Dragoons," and it was the first organized
cavalry company to offer its services to the
Governor of Pennsylvania for the three months'
term of enlistment. The offer being declined,
it entered the Firet Cavalry, as stated, and,
having served out the original term of three
years, it veteranized and served to the close of
the war.
Company A, Juniata County. — The fol-
lowing is the roster of Company A, Forty-
fourth Res>-iment Pennsvlvania Volunteers :
]96
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
John K. Kobinson, captain, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years ; resigned March 28, 1862.
Thomas J. Frow, captain, mustered iu July 25, 1861,
three years ; promoted from first lieutenant
March 29, 1862 ; resigned March 16, 1863.
William H. Patterson, captain, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years ; promoted from second to first
lieutenant March 28, 1862; to captain March 16,
1863; mustered out with company September
9, 1864.
James R. Kelley, first lieutenant, mustered in July
25, 1861, three years; promoted from first ser-
geant to second lieutenant March 28, 1862; to
first lieutenant March 16, 1863 ; wounded July
17, 1863 ; prisoner from June 24, 1864, to March,
1865 ; mustered out April 25, 1865.
David H. Wilson, second lieutenant, mustered in
July 25, 1861, three years; promoted from first
sergeant to second lieutenant March 16, 1863 ;
died June 6, 1864, of wounds received in action.
John H. Fertig, first sergeant, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years; promoted to first sergeant;
l]risoner from June 21, 1864, to February 28,
1865 ; mustered out April 5, 1865.
Lemuel R. Beale, sergeant, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
William J. .lackman, sergeant, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years; promoted to hospital steward
February 25, 1863.
John Hamilton, sergeant, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; promoted to sergeant-major May 1,
1863.
John W. Forney, sergeant, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years; promoted to regiment saddler
September 1, 1863 ; veteran.
Samuel F. Lane, sergeant, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; promoted from corporal ; transferred
to United States Signal Corps March ], 1864.
Newtim A. Lane, sergeant, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; promoted to sergeant ; discharged
on surgeon's certificate March, 1864.
William A. Patterson, sergeant, mustered in July
25, 1861, three years ; promoted from corporal ;
captured June 21, 1864 ; mustered out February
1, 1865.
William S. Miller, sergeant, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years; promoted from corporal;
wounded at White House, Va., June 21, 1864 ;
mustered out November 16, 1864.
S. L. Patterson, sergeant, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; promoted to sergeant; mustered out
with company September 9, 1864.
Samuel S. Wilson, sergeant, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years; promoted to corporal; mus-
tered out with company September 9, 1864.
Jerome T. Funk, sergeant, mustered in July 25.
1861, three years; promoted to corporal ; wounded
June 24, 1864; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
John T. Sterrett, sergeant, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; promoted to sergeant ; mustered out
with company September 9, 1864.
Henry H. Wilson, sergeant, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
William H. Wagoner, corporal, mustered iu July 25,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate September, 1862.
David Holtzapple, corporal, mustered in January 2,
1862, three years ; discharged February, 1863,
for wounds received at Bull Run August 30, 1862.
Amos G. Wolfgang, corporal, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate February, 1863.
William H. Smith, corporal, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years ; killed at Hawes' Shop, Va.,
May 28, 1864.
Jacob Q. Eby, corporal, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years; captured June 21, 1864; mustered
out February 15, 1865.
John E. Doty, corporal, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; wounded and missing in action June
24, 1864.
William Bortel, corporal, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; mustered out August 16, 1864, ex-
piration of term.
Silas S. Mairs, corporal, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; captured June 21, 1864; transferred
to Company D battalion, September 9, 1864;
veteran.
J. M. Burchfield, corporal, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years; transferred to Company D battalion,
September 9, 1864, ; mustered out by Special Or-
der June 20, 1865, as sergeant Company A bat-
talion ; veteran.
Mathew Aber, corporal, mustered in February 4,
1864, three years; transferred to battalion Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
David Snyder, corporal, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 9, 1864.
Noah Campbell, bugler, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; transferred to Company D battalion
September 9, 1864 ; veteran.
A. J. Anderson, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years ; transferred to Company D
battalion September 9, 1864.
John M. Brasee, private, mustered in July 25, 1861
three years ; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 9, 1864.
Henry Bortel, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
Elijah Barkey, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 9, 1864.
THE WAR FOR THE UNIOV.
197
James A. Baird, private, mustpred in July 25, 18G1,
three years; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 9,"l8(U.
William H. Beidler, private, mustered in July 25,
18G1, three years ; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
William H. Brown, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
I. Burkeyheyser, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 9, 1864.
William R. Bear, private, mustered in July 25, 18C1,
three years; wounded at White House June 21,
1864; mustered out ^August 13, 1864, expiration
of term.
Colin R. Bayne, private, mustered in April 11, 1861,
three years ; transferred to Company D battalion
September 9, 1864.
John Best, private, mustered in January 19, 1864,
tliree years; transferred to Company D battalion
September 9, 1864.
James A. Barnett, private, mustered in January 19,
1864, three years; transferrred to Company D
battalion September 9, 1864.
Obediah M. Bassart, private, mustered in February 5,
1864, three years ; transferred to Company D
battalion September 9, 1864; discharged in
Company A battalion by General Order Septem-
ber 25, 1865.
W^illiam H. Bitter, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years; transferred to Company D
battalion September 9, 1864.
William A. Bair, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years; wounded at White House
June 21, 1864; transferred to Company D bat-
talion September 9, 1864.
Jacob Benson, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; died September 21, 1861 ; buried in
Military Asylum Cemetery, District of Colum-
bia.
Alexander R. Brant, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years.
Joseph Bond, private, mustered in February 15,
1864, three years; captured; died February 26,
1865; buried at Richmond, Va.
David W. Collier, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
John Clair, private, mustered in July 25, 1861, three
years; discharged on surgeon's certificate March,
1863.
Isaac Clair, private, mustered in July 25, 1861, three
years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb-
ruary, 1863.
B. J. Carpenter, private, mustered in April 12,
1864, three years; transferred to Company D
battalion September 9, 1864 ; discliarged in (Com-
pany A battalion June 7, 1865.
Thomas M. Cleaver, private, mustered in Febru:iry
19, 1864, three years ; died March 30. 1864.
James F. Casey, private, mustered in October 19,
1864, one year; not on muster-out roll.
George S. De Bray, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate March 1, 1862.
Tliomas W. Dewees, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate March 24, 1862.
William Dunn, private, mustered in November 21,
1861, three years ; transferred to Company D
battalion September 9, 1864; mustered out as
corporal Company A battalion by Special Order
June 20, 1865 ; veteran.
William 0. Donnell, private, mustered in October 19,
1864, one year ; not on muster-out roll.
AVestley H. Ernest, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
Septemher 9, 1864.
John L. Ernest, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years.
James P. Foltz, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three j-ears ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
James W. Fulton, private, mustered in July 25,1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
Michael Foley, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
John Fasick, private, mustered in November 10, 1861,
three years; transferred to battalion September
9, 1864.
George W. Fink, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; wounded September 15, 1863, and
July 28, 1864; mustered out September 17, 1864.
William S. Fulton, private, three years ; woundecl
July 10, 1863 ; not on muster-out roll.
Samuel Gazette, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; transferred to Veteran Reserve
Corps January 1, 1863.
John R. Hershey, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
Israel Haller, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years; wounded October 1, 186:5; mus-
tered out with company September 9, 1864.
.Jolin A. Hardy, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
Daniel J. Horton, private, mustered in July 25, ISiil,
three years ; captured April 18, 1863 ; mustered
out August 1, 1864, expiration of term.
Henry F. Howard, private, mustered in February 19,
1864. three years; died July 27, 1864, nf wounds
received in action June 21, 1864; buried in Na-
tional Cemetery, Arlington.
198
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS I^T PENNSYLVANIA.
Arthur Henderson, private, mustered in October 19,
1864, one year ; not on muster-out roll.
Michael Innerst, private, mustered in August 1, 1863,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Matthias Johns, private, mustered in July 25, 18C1,
three years; transferred to Company D bat-
talion September 9, 1864; veteran.
John A. Jacobs, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years ; transferred to battalion Sep-
tember 9, 1864; discharged in Company A bat-
talion by General Order August 1, 1865.
A. L. Kinslow, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
John Kinslow, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
Joseph R. Kinzer, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
November 22, 1862.
Joseph B. Kennedy, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years ; transferred to Company D
battalion September 9, 1864 ; veteran.
Martin H. Kendrich, private, mustered in February 1,
1864, three years ; transferred to battalion Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
Isaac Longacre, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years; captured at Bull Run August 30,
1 862 ; mustered out with company September 9,
1864.
Thomas C. Logan, private, inustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Alfred M. Louden, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
William J. Lang, private, mustered in February 10,
1864, three years ; transferred to Company D
battalion September 9, 1864.
Samuel Linton, private, mustered in February 4,
1864, three years ; transferred to Company D
battalion September 9, 1864.
Francis M. Ludwig, private, mustered in January 21,
1864, three years; transferred to Company D
biittalion Se])tember 9, 1864.
Joseph Landers, private, mustered in November 18,
1864, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Calvin T. Logan, private, mustered in August, 1, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 9,"l864.
George W. Maloy, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; detailed as orderly to Major-General
Meade ; mustered out with company September
9, 1864.
Joseph B. McDonald, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
Andrew W. McDonald, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
A. J. McWilliams, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
John M. McCoy, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
James B. Marley, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
Alonzo W. Morley, private, mustered in July 25, 1861.
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
April 1, 1862.
Samuel M. Mitchell, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate May 12, 1862.
George H. McCachron, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate May 1, 1862.
James McKee, private, mastered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
September 18, 1862.
Henry O. McConnell, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years; transferred to United States
Signal Corps March 1, 1864.
Samuel Marshman, private, mustered in November
21, 1861, three years; transferred to battalion
September 9, 1864.
William Minnich, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years ; transferred to Company D bat-
talion September 9,1864; promoted to corporal
Company A battalion, date unknown.
J. W. B. McClintock, private, mustered in February
27, 1864, three years; transferred to battalion
September 9, 1864.
John T. Mitchell, private, mustered in October 19,
1864, one year; not on muster-out roll.
Jacob B. Nicely, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 9, 1864.
Henry W. Nicely, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; transferred to battalion September
9, 1864; veteran.
John F. Neiman, private, mustered in November 21,
1861, three years; killed at Culpeper, Va., Sep-
tember 13, 1863.
John 0. Nipple, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years; wounded June 24, 1864; mustered
out August 1, 1864, expiration of term.
Samuel B. O'Keson, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
John Pasieh, private, mustered in November 21,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Robert Parsons, private, mustered in August 12, 1864,
one year; transferred to battalion September 9,
1864.
Matthew H. Rodgers, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
■^'^ ^iyAH nUaT^
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
198a
Colonel Joiix P. Taylor, who is of Scotch-
Irish lineage, is tlie great-grandson of Robert
Taylor, who removed from Pine Ford, Swatara
Creek, Dauphin County, Pa., to the present
Mifflin County, where he secured by warrant
a tract embracing several thousand acres, much
of which is still held by the family. His five
sons were Henry, William, Robert, John and
Matthew. Henry settled near Taylor's Mills,
in the Kishacoquillas Valley, William on a
large tract adjoining hira on the east, Robert in
the Tuscarora Valley, John on property now
owned by Colonel Taylor, and Matthew on land
adjoining him on the north, a part of which is
in possession of the subject of this biographical
sketch. Robert finally sold his estate, and re-
moved to Erie County, Pa., John emigrated to
Augusta, Va., while Henry and Matthew died
in their old homes. The last-named, and
grandfather of Colonel Taylor, married Mrs.
Sarah Sample, whose children were Robert,
John, Henry, a soldier of the Revolution, and
Sample. The birth of John Taylor occurred
on the 6th of March, 1775, on the homestead,
his life having been spent on a portion of the
original tract as a farmer. He married Eliza-
beth i\IcManigle, a descendant of Xeal Mc-
Manigle, who emigrated from Donegal, Ireland,
and settled in the Kishacoquillas Valley. The
children of Mr. and Mrs. Taylor are Sarah S.
(Mrs. James Watt), Rebecca M. (Mrs. David
Brisban), Matthew (married to Jane A. Taylor),
Margaret T. (who died in infiincv), Margaret
I. (Mrs. Oliver P. Smith), John P. and Eliza-
beth T. (Mrs. Samuel McWilliams). Mr. Taylor,
in addition to his farm, carried on an extensive
tannery in his native county. His death occur-
red October 22, 1843, and that of his wife
October 30, 1869. Their son, John P., was
born on the 6th of June, 1827, on the property
still owned by him, which has during his life-
time been his home. Afler receiving an aca-
demic education at the Tuscarora Academy,
Tuscarora, Pa., he returned to the cultivation
of the paternal acres, and also engaged in stock-
dealing. To the congenial pursuits of an agri-
culturist his attention and time have since been
given, with the exception of his period of ser-
vice in the army. He was, on May 19, 1863,
married to Sallie, daughter of Rev. James
Nourse, of Milroy, Pa., whose death occurred
in 1870, when he was a second time married,
on the 1st of June, 1876, to Elizabeth Henry,
daughter of Judge John Henry, of Mifflin
County, whose death, resulting from an acci-
dent, occurred January 17, 1883. Colonel Taylor
entered the service during the late war as first
lieutenant of Company C, First Pennsylvania
Cavalry, of which company, on its arrival in
Harrisburg, previous to starting for active duty,
he was elected captain. He remained in the
service three years, having, in September, 1862,
received promotion unsought to the rank of
lieutenant-colonel, and to that of colonel
January 30, 1863. On the 5th of August, 1864,
he held the brevet rank of brigadier-general,
having previously been in command of his
brigade. He participated, besides innumerable
skirmishes, in the following engagements :
Dranesville, Va.
Harrisonburg.
Cross Keys.
Cedar Mountain.
Gainesville.
Bull Run (first day).
Bull Run (second day).
Fredericksburg.
Brandy Station.
Aldie.
Gettysburg.
Shepherds-town, Va.
Culpeper.
Auburn.
New Hope Church.
Todd's Tavern.
Childsburg.
Richmond Heights.
Hawes' Shop.
Cold Harbor.
Barker's IMill.
198b
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Trevillian Station.
White House.
St. Mary's Church.
Malvern Hill.
Lee's Mills.
Gravel Hill.
Ream's Station.
The following letter was received by Colonel
Taylor from the commander of his division, on
the departure of the regiment for home :
" Headquarters Second Division Cavalry
Corps, A. O. P.
" Sept. 1st, 1864.
" Col. J. P. Taylor, First Penna. Reserve Cavalry:
" My dear Colonel, —
"The order discharging from the United States
Service the First Pennsylvania Cavalry has been re-
ceived at these Headquarters. As 3'ou will accom-
pany your regiment to Pennsylvania, there to be dis-
charged with it, I cannot permit your departure with-
out expressing to you how much I feel the separation
of yourself and command from the Second Division.
For nearly two years the First Pennsylvania Cavalry
has been under my command, and now, at the end of
its term of service, I can proudly say its record is
without a blemish. The excellence of your regiment
resulted from the proper application of discipline by
its officers. In the many engagements of this di-
vision, in which your regiment has participated,
many officers and enlisted men have fallen. They
met death facing the foe ; let them be properly re-
membered by those who survive. To you, colonel,
my thanks are due for the efficient manner in which
you have always performed your duty, whether as a
regimental or brigade commander. You return to
your home well satisfied that you have failed not in
your duty, bearing with you the sincere friendship of
myself and all your companions in arms. With the
very best wishes for your health, happiness and suc-
cess in the future,
" I am very truly yours,
" D. McM. Gregg,
"Brig.-Gen. Comd'g Second Cav. Div."
On his discharge from the service, Colonel
Taylor returned to his home in Brown town-
ship, and to his accustomed pui-suits. He has
always been active in affairs connected with the
township, and wielded much influence in politi-
cal circles as a Republican, though invariably
declining all official honors. He is a member
of Lewistown Post, No. 176, of the Grand Army
of the Republic, and of the Loyal Legion,
Department of Pennsylvania. He is a supporter
and regular worshipper of the East Kishaco-
quillas Presbyterian Church, of which his pa-
rents were members, and his grandfather a
leading elder.'
Major William T. McEwen, of the First
Cavalry, was an efficient officer in the late War
of the Rebellion. He participated in many of
the actions in which his regiment took part, and
was wounded in one of the engagements. He
entered the service as second lieutenant, being
mustered in August 10, 1861, for three years.
He was afterwards promoted to first lieutenant
February 26, 1862, to captain October 1, 1862,
and to major February 23, 186-3.
Lieutenant Hiram McClenahen won
his rank in the First Cavalry, having been a
corporal in January, 1862, and filled subse-
quently the position of first sergeant. He was
promoted to first lieutenant February 13, 1863,
and was mustered out with the company Sep-
tember 9, 1864. He was wounded near Shep-
herdstown July 17, 1863.
Captain Robert J. McNitt enlisted in
the State service April 11, 1861, and in that of
the United States August 10th of the same
year. On June 21, 1864, he was captured,
with others of the First Calvary, at White
House, Va. He was confined first at Libby
and afterwards at Macon, Gra., Savannah, Char-
leston, S. C, Columbia and finally at Raleigh,
from which place he was taken to Wilmington,
N. C, and exchanged April 12, 1865. He
was in Washington when President Lincoln was
assassinated. He served four years in all, and
was known as a brave officer. He lives at the
east end of the Big Valley, in Mifflin County.
1 Colonel Taylor declines to give any further facts regard-
ing the military record than those embodied in the fore-
going letter.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
]99
Jimathan Kheincr, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
Levi Richer, private, mustered in July 25, 1861, three
years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate January
8, 1862.
William M. Robinson, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years; wounded at Cedar Mountain,
Va., August 9, 1862; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate February, 1863.
Mattock Reimer, private, mustered in August 8, 1862,
three years; transferred to Company D battalion
September 9, 1864 ; mustered out in Company A
battalion by General Order June 6, 1865.
Joseph M. Reed, private, mustered in April 14, 1864,
three years; transferred to Company D battalion
September 9, 1864.
James Rawbottom, private, mustered in April 14^
1864, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
James S. Reed, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years ; transferred to Company D bat-
talion September 9, 1864 ; promoted to corporal
Company A battalion.
Josepli Rowbottora, private, mustered in April 14,
1864, three years; transferred to Company D
battalion September 9, 1864.
Christ. R. Richard, private, three years.
Joseph Robertson, private, three years; wounded
June 24, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll.
David L. Smith, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
Calvin E. Stewart, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
May, 1862.
Joseph G. Simpson, private, mustered in May 2, 1862,
throe years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
March, 1863.
William Sperry, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years; transferred to battalion September
9, 1864; veteran.
James K. P. Sleislier, private, mustered in April 11,
1862, three years ; transferred to Company D bat-
talion September 9, 1864.
Elias H. Seebold, private, mustered in February 10,
1864, three years ; transferred to battalion Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
William Smith, private, three years ; sent to insane
asylum, date unknown.
Jackson Sheppard, private, mustered in August 5,
1864, one year ; not on muster-out roll.
John A. Toomey, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
January 8, 1862.
John Trump, private, mustered in May 5, 1864, three
years ; transferred to Company D battalion Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
George W. Tannyhill, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years.
William Taggert, private, mustered in November 2,
1864, one year; not on muster-out roll.
James Van, private, mustered in March 22, 1864, three
years ; not on muster-out roll.
Abrm. Wildman, private, mustered in July 25,
1861, three years; wounded June 2, 1864; trans-
ferred to Company D battalion September 9,
1864; veteran.
George F. Walton, jirivate, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years; transferred to Company D bat-
talion September 9, 1864.
A. J. Williamson, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years ; transferred to battalion Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
Cornelius Weitzler, private, mustered in April 12,
1864, tliree years ; transferred to Company D bat-
talion September 9, 1864.
Newell D. Whitney, private, mustered in March 26,
1864, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Joseph Yocum, private, mustered in July 25, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
April i, 1862.
CoMPANT C, INIiFFLix CouNTY. — Tlie fol-
lowing is the roster of Company C, Fortv-
foiirtli Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers :
John P. Taylor,' captain, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years; promoted to lieulenant-colonel Sep-
tember 15, 1862.
William T. McEwen, captain, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years: wounded in action ; promoted
from second to first lieutenant February 26,
1862; to cantain October 1, 1862; to major Feb-
ruary 23, 1863.
Robert J. McNitt,- captain, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; promoted from sergeant to
fir?t sergeant ; to second lieutenant February 26,
1862 ; to first lieutenant October 7, 1862 ; to cap-
tain February 18, 1863.
William Mann, first lieutenant, mustered in August
10, 1861, three years; resigned February 26, 1862.
Hiram McClcnahen, first lieutenant, mustered in
May 15, 1861, three years; transferred fiom
Forty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Yolmi-
teers November 1, 1861 ; promoted to corporal
January 1, 1862 ; to first sergeant March 1, 1862 ; to
first lieutenant February 13, 1863 ; wounded July
' For special sketch of Captain John P. Taylor see page
198 a.
- For further mention of Captain Robert J. McNitt see
lP8a.
200
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
17, 1863 ; mustered out with compauy Septem-
ber 9, 1864.
John W. Nelson, second lieutenant, mustered in
August 10, 1861, three years; promoted from
sergeant October 8, 1862 ; transferred to battalion
First Pennsylvania C.ivalry September 1,1864;
mustered out September 26, 1864.
Thomas A. Kearns, first sergeant, mustered in August
7, 1861, three years ; promoted to corporal Jan-
uary 1, 1862; to sergeant October 1, 1862; to first
sergeant March 1, 1863 ; mustered out with com-
pany September 9, 1864.
George W. Seigrist, quartermaster-sergeant, mus-
tered in August 10, 1861, three years; promoted
to sergeant-major September 1, 1861.
Jacob Ruble, quartermaster-sergeant, mustered in
August 10, 1861, three years; promoted to cor-
poral July 1, 1862; to quartermaster-sergeant
July 1, 1863 ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
Wilson S. Dellett, commissary-sergeant, mustered in
August 10, 1861, three years; promoted from cor-
poral to sergeant September 1, 1832; to com-
missary-sergeant July 1 , 1861 ; captured at
Brandy Station, Va., June 9, 1863 ; mustered out
with company September 9, 1864.
Albert Laird, sergeant, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years; died September 23, 1862, of wounds
received at Cedar Mountain, Va. ; buried in
Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C.
William J. Furst, .«ergeant, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate September 30, 1862.
Chr. Romich, sergeant, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three ye.xr j ; promotei from corporal ; killed at
Brandy Station, Va., June 9, 1863.
J. Harvey Carson, sergeant, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years ; promoted from corporal July
1, 1862; mustered out with company September
9, 1864.
Hamilton R. Mitchell, sergeant, mustered in August
10, 1861, three years; promoted to corporal
April 1, 1862 ; to sergeant October 7, 1862 ; absent,
sick, at muster out.
W. P. Dachenbaugh, sergeant, mustered in August
10, 1861, three years; promoted to corporal June
1, 1862; to sergeant March 1, 1863; mustered
out with company September 9, 1864.
Michael Menges, sergeant, mustered in August 7,
1861, three years; promoted to sergeant;
wounded May 28, 1864; transferred to Cumpany
D battalion. First Pennsylvania Calvary ; vet-
erans.
George Way, sergeant, mustered in September 1, 1861,
three years ; promoted to sergeant ; wounded
July 28, 1864 ; transferred to Company D battal-
ion September 9, 1864; promoted to sergeant
Company A battalion; mustered out August 7,
1865 ; veteran.
James P. Landis, sergeant, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; promoted to sergeant; chief
bugler May 1, 1863 ; veteran.
Albert Strong, corporal, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; died at Camp Pierpont, Va., Decem-
ber 16, 1861.
Edwin Lock, corporal, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
January 4, 1862.
A. N. McDonald, corporal, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; died August 14, 1862. of
wounds received at Cedar Mountain, Va., Au-
gust 9, 1862.
Michael BottoflT, corporal, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate December 10, 1862.
W. V. B. Coplin, corporal, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate January 19, 1863.
Edwin Lochey, corporal, three years; discharged on
surgeon's certificate July 4, 1863.
N. Walker Scott, corporal, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; died July 2, 1863, in Libby
Prison, Richmond, Va., of wounds received at
Brandy Station June 9, 1863.
J. A. Davidsizer, corporal, mustered in August 7, 1861,
three years ; wounded May 9, 1864 ; transferred
to Company D battalion September 9,1864; mus-
tered out as sergeant Company A battalion by
Special Order June 20, 1865; veteran.
John Hoft'man, corporal, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; wounded July 28, 1864; trans-
ferred to battalion September 9, 1864 ; veteran.
George AV. White, corporal, mustered in August 10
1861, three years; wounded May 9, 1864; pris-
oner June 21,1864; transferred to Company D
battalion September 9, 1864 ; veteran.
John M. Mahan, corporal, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; wounded June 21, 1864; trans-
ferred to Company D battalion September 9,
1864 ; mustered out in Company A by Special
Order June 20, 1865 ; veteran.
Charles A. Rice, corporal, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; promoted to corporal May 1,
1863 ; mustered out with company September 9i
1864.
William Ready, corporal, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years; promoted to corporal June 1, 1863;
wounded July 28, 1864 ; mustered out with com-
pany September 9, 1864.
William Baird, corporal, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years; promoted to corporal November 1>
1863 ; mustered out with company September 9,
1864.
Anthony Assadalia, corporal, mustered in August 7,
1861, three years; promoted to corpora! January
1, 1864; wounded at Fredericksburg December
12, 1862, and May 28, 1864 ; absent, in hospital,
at muster out.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
201
Joseph Akley, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 9,1864.
Jesse J. Alexander, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years ; discharged January 8, 1863,
for wounds received in action.
Robert W. Betts, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; mustered out witli company
September 9, 1864.
Martin Bottoff, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three year<; discharged on surgeon's certificate
September 9, 1862.
Jacob Bottnff, private, mustered in August 10, 18G1,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
March 19, 1863.
Robert M. Brillhant, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
William Bradford, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate, date unknown.
David A. Baker, private, mustered in August 10, 1&61,
three years ; died May 16, 1862, of wounds re-
ceived accidentally.
William Barefoot, private, mu.stered in August 10,
1861, three ye.irs ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate October, 1862.
William B. Cutler, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three yewrs ; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
James H. Crissman, private, mustered in August 10,
1861. three years ; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
John Cherry, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; transferred to Company D battalion
September 9, 1864; veteran.
William Clare, private, mustered in .June 15, 1863,
three years ; wounded June 21, 1864; transferred
to Company D battalion September 9, 1864.
John Chamberhiin, private, mustered in February 9,
1864, three years ; transferred to battalion Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
John A. Crissman, private, mustered in February 4,
1864, three years ; transferred to Company D
battalion September 9, 1864.
James Castner, private, mustered in February 4, l*^64,
three years; wounded, date unknown; trans-
ferred to Company D battalion September 9.
1864.
J. H. Chirpman, private, three years ; not on muster-
out roll.
Jacob F. Derr, private, mustered in February 17,
1864, three years; transferred to battalion Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
Jeremiah Decker, private, mustered in February 24,
1864, three years ; transferred to battalion Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
John H. Deal, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; killed at Culpeper Court-House,
Va., September 13, 1863.
John Dippery, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
Joseph M. Deveny, private, three years ; discharged
on surgeon's certificate, date unknown.
John H. Ebbs, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years.
George W. Graham, private, mustered in .\ugust 10,
1861, three years ; wounded June 21, 1864 ; mus-
tered out with company September 9, 1864.
George W. Gilford, private, mustered in July 21, 1863,
three years ; transferred to Company D bat-
talion September 9, 1864.
Joseph K. Gates, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; transferred to Company D bat-
talion September 9, 1864; mustered out as cor-
poral Company A battalion by Special Order
June 20, 1865 ; veteran.-
H. W. Huft'nagle, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
J. O. Hildebrand, private, mustered in February 24,
1864, three years; transferred to b.attalion Sep-
tember 9, 1864: mustered out in Company D bat-
talion June 15, 1865.
S. M. Jennings, private, mustered in August 7, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 9, 1864.
William Kerliu, private, mustered in August 16, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
January 4, 1862.
Jonathan Kring, priv.ate, mustered in August 7, 18C1,
three years ; died September 6, 1862, of wounds
received in action; buried in Alexandria, Va.,
grave 222.
J. A. Kearns, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
G. W. Kline, private, wounded June 21, 1864 ; not on
muster-out roll.
L. A. Lynch, private, mustered in September 1, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 9, 1864.
Jos. H. Livingston, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
Isaac Lintherst, private, mustered in February 24,
1864, three years; transferred to battalion Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
William Link, private, mustered in August 10. 1861,
three years; died August 22, 1862; buried at
Alexandria, grave 165.
George W. Latchford, private, mustered in August
10, 1861, three years; transferred to Company D
battalion September 9, 1864 ; mustered out as
corporal Company A battalion by Special Order
June 20, 1865 ; veteran.
202
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
G.W.Miller, private, wounded June 21, 1864; not
on muster-out roll.
John McCann, private, mui5tered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
John S. Murray, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
James McBride, private, mustered in August 7, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 9, 1864,
J. H. McClenahan, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate August 16, 1861.
O. H. McCalister, private, mustered in August 10,
1S61, three years ; dischargedon surgeon's certif-
icate January 31, 1863.
Andrew J. Murray, private, mustered in August 10:
1861, three years; transferred to Company D
battalion September 9, 1864; veteran.
John T. Murray, private, transferred to Veteran Re-
serve Corps August 18, 1863.
James L. McDonald, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certi-
ficate June, 1862.
Percival Neitz, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; prisoner at Brandy Station, Va.,
June 9, 1863 ; missing in action May 9, 1864.
Henry H. Nale, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; transferred to Company D battalion
September 9, 1864; promoted to corporal Com-
pany A; veteran.
Felix Nolan, private, mustered in August 16, 1861,
three years.
Asa Odelia, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Benjamin Pollard, private, mustered in September 1,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's certi-
ficate September 15, 1861.
James Postlewaight, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate, date uuknown.
Charles F. Eowe, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
Samuel Ross, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
January 15, 1863.
James Robison, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
January 4, 1862.
James Eager, private, mustered in December 28, 1861,
three years ; transferred to Company D battalion
September 9, 1864.
Alfred Robison, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years ; transferred to battalion Septem-
ber 9, 1864.
Paris G. Rollin, private, mustered in August 7, 1861,
three years.
John Ruble, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; wounded July 28, 1864 ; transferred to
battalion ; mustered out as corporal Company D
June 20, 1865 ; veteran.
Albert Ramsey, private, mustered in February 4,
1864, three years ; died at Philadelphia February
17, 1864.
Palmer Stewart, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
David C. Scott, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
Christian Seachrist, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
Benjamin F. Stokes, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate Novembers, 1861.
Henry Swarm, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
May 9, 1862.
Samuel Slocum, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; wounded June 21, 1864;
transferred to Company D battalion September 9,
1864 ; veteran.
William Stillinger, private, mustered in November 25,
1863, three years ; transferred to Company D
battalion September 9, 1864.
John F. Sutton, private, mustered in April 25, 1862,
three years ; transferred to Company D battalion
September 9, 1864.
James H. Stull, private, mustered in August 7, 1861,
three years; died at Camp Pierpont, Va., Feb-
ruary 7, 1862.
William Snyder, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; killed at Cedar Mountain, Va.,
August 9, 1862.
Amos Shank, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; died October 24, 1863, of wounds re-
ceived at Auburn, Va., October 14, 1863; buried
at Alexandria, grave 1024.
A. B. Selheimer, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate June, 1862.
Marshall J. Stall, private; died at Camp Pierpont,
Va., February 17, 1862.
Edmund F. Teats, private, mustered in August 16,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate September 23, 1861.
Patrick M. Tarl, private, mustered in March 31, 1864,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
John M. Wible, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 9, 1864.
David Whiles, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 9, 1864.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
203
Thomas Wliitmore, private, mustered in November
4, 1863, three years; transferred to battalion Sep-
tember 9, 1864.
Albert P. Wagoner, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
September 9, 1864.
George W. Wilson, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
John H. Yeager, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years ; died at Alexandria, Va., June
26, 1863.
William Yontz, private, mustered in August 10, 1861,
three years; captured July 14, 1864; mustered
out February 1.5, 1865.
FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT.
The Forty-fifth Regiment, of which Colonel
Thomas Welch, of Lancaster County, was the
first commanding officer, contained a consider-
able number of men from Juniata and Union
Counties and one company of men recruited at
Belleville, Mifflin "County, called the Belleville
Fencibles, and commanded by Captain William
G. Bigelow. The regiment was organized on
the 21st of October, 1861, and on the 23d it
went to Washington. It was assigned to How-
ard's brigade of Casey's division.
It was engaged in unimportant duty till No-
vember 19tli, wlien it embarked at Baltimore
for Fortress Monroe, whence, on the 6th of De-
cember, it sailed for Port Royal, S. C, where it
iiccupied the sea islands, among which it was
distributed in detachments. Here it remained,
occasionally engaging in skirmishes and minor
actions, till the 9th of June, 1862, when it em-
barked on a steamer and landed on James
Island, eight miles from the city of Charleston,
where it encountered and engaged a force of the
enemy. On the 16th it was again inaction,
but without loss. It was engaged in f>icket and
fatigue duty till the 18th of July, when it em-
barked for Fortress Monroe. It remained in
that vicinity, engaged in drill, till the 4th of
August, when it was assigned to the First
Brigade, First Division, Ninth Army Corps,
and went to Acquia Creek, in the vicinity of
which it remained till the Gth of September,
when it moved by water to Washington. Thence
it marched to Brookville, Frederick City and
Middletown, Md., where it arrived on the 13th,
anil on the 14th was hotly engaged in the battle
of South Mountain, where it suflFered a loss of
one hundred and forty-five men killed, wounded
and missing. On the 17th it was actively en-
gaged at the battle of Antietam, where its loss
was thirty killed and wounded.
From the battle-field of Antietam it marcheil
successively to Frederick City, Point of Rocks,
Berlin, Snicker's and Ashby's Gaps, Rector-
town, Orleans, Waterloo, "NVarrenton and Fal-
mouth, and on the 19th of November it
encamped on the north bank of the Rappahan-
nock, opposite Fredericksburg. In the battle
at that place it was not engaged, but remained
in its camp till the 11th of February, 1863,
when it removed to Newport News, and en-
camped on the banks of James River, where
it remained during three months. In this time
Colonel AVelsh Avas promoted to the rank of
brigadier-genei-al.
On the 22d of iNIay the regiment was ordered
to the Mississippi, and arrived in the vicinity of
Yicksburg on the 19th of June. After the
capture of Vicksburg the regiment, with its
brigade, made a painful and severe march to
Jackson, Miss., where it arrived on the Kith of
July, and bore an active and important part in
the engagements that took place there. After
these actions it returned to Vicksburg, whence
it went by water to Cairo, then to Cincinnati,
from which place it marched to Blue Springs,
Tenn., where, on the 10th of October, it was
sharply engaged with the enemy. It then
moved with its brigade by R\il to Knoxville.
Here, on the 16th of November, owiirred an
engagement with the rebel General Longstreet,
in which the Forty-fifth bore a part, iiud during
the siege which followetl it was engage<l, with
other troops, in the defense of the place.
January 1, 1864, four hundred and forty-six
of the Forty-fifth re-enlisted and received a
veteran furlough. On the 19th of March the
veteran regiment went to Annapolis, Md.,
whence it proceeded into Virginia, and in May,
1864, engaged in the Wilderness campitign, and
in the action on the Gth it lost one hundrwl and
forty-five killed and wounded. From this
time it was almost constantly engaged or under
fire, and in the battles of Cold Harbor, on the
1st, 2d and .3d of June, the aggregate loss
204
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
was one hundred and sixty-three, killed and
wounded out of three hundred engaged. Dur-
ing the remaining operations of that year, in-
cluding the Petersburg mine, the Forty-fifth
was cou.'tuitly on duty, and on the 1st of Octo-
ber it numbered only ninety-two men present
for duty. During the winter of 1 864-65 its
ranks were filled up, and it bore its part in the
final campaign. It participated in the grand
review, and on the 1 7th of July, 1865, it was
mustered out of the service.
Company C, Mifflin County. — Following
is given a roll of the Mifflin County comjjany
(C) of the Forty-fifth :
William G. Biglow, captain, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; resigned November 1, 1862.
John F. Trout, captain, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; promoted from second lieu-
tenant Company H to captaiu January 15, 1863;
to major March 31, 1865.
Benjamin C. McMauigal, captain, mustered in Octo-
ber 18, 1861, three years ; promoted to first ser-
geant June 1, 1864 ; to first lieutenant September
2, 1864; to captain May 12, 1865 ; prisoner from
September 30, 1864, to March 3, 1865; mustered
out with company July 17, 1865; veteran.
Jesse W. Horton, first lieutenant, mustered in August
31, 1861, three years; resigned July 30, 1862.
Jesse M. Bulick, first lieutenant, mustered in August
31, 1861, three years ; promoted from second to
first lieutenant August 1, 1862; discharged on
surgeon's certificate January 15, 1863.
Samuel B. Little, first lieutenant, mustered in Sep-
tember 25, 1861, three years; promoted to ser-
geant September 28, 1861 ; to first lieutenant
April 20, 1863 ; resigned April 20, 1864.
Jas. P. Gibbony, first lieutenant, mustered in Octo-
ber 18, 1861, three years; promoted to sergeant
January 1, 1864; to first lieutenant May 31.
1864; killed on picket at Petersburg July 18,
1864; veteran.
A. A. McDonald, first lieutenant, mustered in August
31, 1861, tliree years; wounded at Petersburg
July 30, 1864; promoted to sergeant January 1,
1865 ; to second lieutenant February 1, 1865 ;
brevetted first lieutenant April 2, 1865 ; to first
lieutenant May 12, 1865; mustered out with
company July 17, 1865 ; veteran.
Isaac Steely, second lieutenant, mustered in August
31, 1861, three years; discharged June 7, 1863.
John A. Osborn, second lieutenant, mustered in Sep-
tember 26, 1831, three years ; promoted to ser-
geant September 28, 1831 ; to second lieutenant
July 7, 1863; resigned July 26, 1864.
Michael Hiney, second lieutenant, mustered in Sep-
tember 6, 1861, three years ; wounded July 30,
1864 ; promoted from sergeant to second lieu-
tenant May 12,1865; mustered out with com-
pany July 17, 1865 ; veteran.
George McMichaels, first sergeant, mustered in Au-
gust 31, 1861, three years; promoted to first sir-
geant July 7, 1863 ; killed at Blue Springs, Ky.,
October 10, 1863.
James S. Mitchell, first sergeant, mustered in Octo-
ber 6, 1861, three years; promoted to sei'geant
February 22, 1865; to first sergeant May 12,
• 1865 ; mustered out wiih company July 17, 1865 ;
veteran.
Josiah McManigal, sergeant, mustered in October 21,
1861, three years ; promoted to sergeant May 30,
1864 ; prisoner from September 30, 1864, to March
3, 1865; mustered out with company July 17,
1865 ; veteran.
Harrison Oburn, sergeant, mustered in September 24,
1861, three years ; wounded at Wilderness May
6, 1864; promoted to sergeant September 1,
1864; captured September 30, 1864; mustered
out July 17, 1865; veteran..
John Shaffer, sergeant, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; wounded in action May SI,
1864; promoted from corporal to sergeant May
12, 1865; mustered out with company July 17,
1865; veteran.
A. F. Alexander, sergeant, mustered in September
27, 1861, three years; promoted from corporal to
sergeant July 1, 1865; mustered out with com-
pany July 17, 1865; veteran.
John Young, sergeant, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; prisoner from September 30, 1804, to
March 3, 1865 ; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate June 30, 1865 ; veteran.
James H. Musser, sergeant, mustered in October
18, 1861, three years ; promoted to sergeant June,
1863; to quartermaster-sergeant January 18,
1865 ; veteran.
Jacob Zerby, sergeant, mustered in September 6,
1861, three years ; promoted to sergeant Septem-
ber 28, 1861 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
April 11, 1862.
John A. Pressler, corporal, mustered in March 1,
1862, three years ; wounded at Cold Harbor June
9, 1864; mustered out with company July 17,
1865 ; veteran.
Samuel A. Glick, corporal, mustered in September 6,
1861, three years ; absent, on furlough, at muster
out; veteran.
Wm. W. Pressler, corporal, mustered in February 24,
1864, three years ; prisoner from September 30
to October 7, 1864; mustered out with company
July 17, 1865.
Theoph. C. Thomas, corporal, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; wounded at Cold Harbor June
3, 1864; captured April 2.1865; mustered out
with company July 17, 1865; veteran.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
205
James H. Bigelow, corporal, mustered in March 1,
1862, three years ; prisoner from May (i to De-
cember 11, 1864; mustered out with company
July 17, 1865; veteran.
John H. Tarner, corporal, mustered in September 24,
1861, three years; wounded at Wilderness May
5, 18G4; promoted to corporal May 12, 1865;
mustered out with company July 17, 1865 ;
veteran.
Joseph Oburn, corporal, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years; prisoner from June 0, 1863, to
March, 1865 ; promoted to corporal July 1, 1865;
mustered out with company July 17, 1865.
Peter R. Rupert, corporal, mustered in September
26, 1861, three years ; mustered out October 20,
1864, expiration of term.
John A. Myers, corporal, mustered in September 19,
1861, three yeai-s; discharged June 30, 1865, for
wounds received at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864;
veteran.
John Bice, corporal, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years; killed at Wilderness May 6,1864;
buried in Wilderness Burial-Grounds; veteran.
F. A. Hazlett, corporal, mustered in September 6,
1861, three j'ears; died May 10, 1864, of wounds
received at Wilderness May 6, 1864; veteran.
John R. De Arment, corporal, mustered in September
21, 1861, three years; died at Audersonville June
3, 1864, grave 1541.
Jacob Hamm, corpofal, mustered in September 26,
1861, three years ; died June 29, 1864, of wounds
received at Spottsylvania June 18, 1864; veteran.
John W. Bailey, corporal, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; died at Washington, D. C,
July 26, 1864, of wounds received in action ;
veteran.
William J. Wise, musician, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; mustered out with comjiany
July 17, 1865 ; veteran.
Peter Smith, musician, mustered in October 9, 18G1,
three years; mustered out October 20, 1864, ex-
piration of term.
R. B. Alexander, private, mustered in September 20,
18(;i, three years; mustered out; discharged on
surgeon's certificate September 20, 1862.
John H. Alexander, private, mustered in September
26, 1861, three years; mustered out October 20,
1864, expiration of term.
J. B. Alexander, private, mustered in March 2, 1862,
three years ; discharged December 21, 1864, of
wounds received in action ; veteran.
Cy. R. Alexander, private, mustered in March 2, 1862,
three years; wounded at Cold Harbor June 3,
1864; mustered out with company July 17, 1865;
veteran.
Christian Andirich, private, mustered in December
21, 1864, three years; substitute; absent, sick, at
muster out.
James Baird, private, mustered in October 9, 1861,
three years ; killed at South Mountain Septem-
ber 14, 1862.
D. K. Bigelow, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years; discharged December 1, 1862, for
wounds received at South Mountain Septem-
ber 14, 1862.
James T. Black, private, mustered in March 1, 1862,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
J.anuary 7. 1863.
Seneca H. Bordell, private, mustered in September
26, 1861, three years; discharged January 17,
1865, for wounds received at Wilderness May 6,
1864; veteran.
Harvey Brown, private, mustered in October 12,
1861, three years ; mustered out October 20, 1864 ;
expiration of term.
Thomas M. Bullock, private, mustered in September
6, 1861, three years; discharged December 19,
1862, for wounds received at South Mountain
September 14, 1862.
David C. Barr, private, mustered in February 23,
1864, three years ;" mustered out with company
July 17, 1865.
William Barr, private, mustered in February 23, 1S64,
three years ; mustered out with company July 17,
1865.
Lebius S. Bigelow, private, mustered in February 23,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 17, 1865.
Jacob Babb, private, mustered in December 23, 1864,
one year ; substitute ; mustered out with company
July 17, 1865.
Joseph Brannon, private, mustered in July 30, 1864,
three years ; transferred to Western army March
8, 1865.
Timothy Breman, priv.ate, mustered iu December 30,
1864, one year ; substitute ; absent, sick, at muster
out.
Ludwig Bremer, private, mustered in December 21,
1864, one year; substitute ; died May 2,1865, of
wounds received in action April 2, 1865.
Charles Brown, private, mustered in August 10, 1864,
three years; substitute; mustered out with com-
pany July 17, 1865.
John Brown, private, mustered in December 31, 1864,
three years; substitute.
Charles Burns, private, mustered in July 21. 1864,
three years; substitute; captured September 30,
1864; died at Salisbury, N. C, December 28.
1864.
Henry Byrnes, private, mustered in July 28, 1864,
three years; substitute; captured September 30,
1864; escaped and returned May 12, 1865 ; mus-
tered out with company July 17, 1865.
John Bovel, private, mustered in July 30, 1864, three
years; substitute; absent, sick, at muster out.
Michael Brophy, private, mustered in July 28, 1864,
206
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
three years; substitute; absent, sick, at muster
out.
James Bice, private, mustered iu February 25, 1864,
three years; captured September 30, 1S64; died
at Salisbury, N. C, February 9, 1865.
Abraham Brindle, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years; drowned in James River, Va.,
June 15, 1864.
James M. Caldwell, private, mustered in October 18,
1861, three years ; died May 12, 1864, of wounds
received at Wilderness May 6, 1864; veteran.
Francis G. Carney, private, mustered iu September
26, 1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's
certificate March 4, 1863.
Robert Carson, private, mustered in October 13, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
October 17, 1863.
Daniel Caliill, private, mustered in March 4, 1862,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
December 30, 1862.
Robert S. Cook, private, mustered in September 27,
1861, three years.
Stephen Cumin, private, mustered in October 4,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate December 12, 1864; veteran,
Patrick Carney, private, mustered in November 30,
1864, one year ; substitute.
John H. Civits, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years: discharged December 28, 1864,
for wounds received at Wilderness May 6, 1864.
John Cormish, private, mustered in March 16, 1865,
one year ; substitute ; mustered out with com-
pany July 17, 1865.
James Cadmore, private, mustered in December 29>
1864, one year; substitute; mustered out with
company July 17, 1865.
George L. Culp, private, mustered in August 6, 1864,
three years; substitute; mustered out with com-
pany July 17, 1865.
Samuel P. Davis, private, mustered in October 9,
1861, three years; prisoner from July 30, 1864, to
February 6, 1865 ; mustered out with company
July 17, 1865 ; veteran.
William De Arment, private, mustered in Septem-
ber 19, 1861, three years; wounded at Cold
Harbor June 1, 1864 ; mustered out with com-
pany July 17,1865; veteran.
Peter Delhi, private, mustered in September 26, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
February 9, 1863.
Aaron Deffendoffer, private, mustered in September
6, 1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate December 11, 1862.
Alexander Duncan, private, mustered in July 30,
1864, three years' substitute ; mustered out with
company July 17, 1865.
Michael Desey, private, mustered in November 26,
1864, three years; substitute; mustered out with
company July 17, 1865.
Gideon R. Downs, private, mustered in December 16,
1864, one year; drafted; mustered out with com-
pany July 17, 1865.
Edw. Dougherty, private, mustered in December
29, 1864, three years ; substitute.
Franklin F. Ealy, private, mustered in September 26,
1861, three years ; captured September 30, 1864 ;
mustered out with company July 17, 1865 ; vet-
eran.
Christian Emigh, private, mustered in October 3,
1864, one year; drafted; mustered out with com-
pany July 17, 1865.
William Eaton, private, mustered in November 12,
1864, one year ; drafted ; mustered out with com-
pany July 17, 1865,
James Flamney, private, mustered in July 28, 1864,
three years; substitute; prisoner from September
30, 1864, to February, 1865 ; mustered out with
company July 17, 1865,
Thaddeus S. Fertig, private, mustered in February 24,
1864, three years; discharged June 22, 1865, for
wounds received at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864.
John Foster, private, mustered in January 4, 1865,
three years ; substitute.
John A. Fultz, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; wounded at Cold Harbor June
3, 1864 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate April
10, 1865.
James B. Fields, private, mustered in March 1, 1862,
three years; died March 19, 1863, of wounds re-
ceived at South Mountain September 14, 1862 ;
buried in National Cemetery, Antietam, section
26, lot E, grave 498.
Valentine Feltman, private, mustered in December
1, 1864, one year; substitute ; mustered out with
company July 17, 1865.
William M. Gabel, private, mustered in September 6,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate April 20, 1863,
Charles B. Goodman, private, mustered in September
6, 1861, three years ; wounded at South Mountain
September 14, 1862 ; died at Nashville, Teuu.,
January 28, 1864.
Henry Gregg, private, mustered in September 26,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate March 12, 1863.
Winfield Gregg, private, mustered in September 26,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
July 17, 1865 ; veteran.
Jacob Gear, private, mustered in July 28, 1864, three
years ; substitute ; mustered out with company
July 17, 1865.
Andrew Gregg, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; wounded at Wilderness May
6,1864; killed at the Peeble's Farm, Va., Sep-
tember 30, 1864.
Joseph Growden, private, mustered in July 5, 1864,
three years ; wounded April 2, 1865 ; absent, in
hospital, at muster out.
THE WAR FOR THE UxVION.
207
John P. Garrett, private, mustered in January 3,
1865, one year; substitute.
James Hamilton, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; wounded at South Mountain
September 14, 1862 ; discharged September 29,
1862.
George Hardy, private, mustered in September 24,
1861, three years; died December 17, 1861; bur-
ied at Fortress Monroe, Va.
Samuel Hardy, private, mustered in September 24,
1861, tliree years; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate October 1, 1862.
George M. Hobaugh, private, mustered tn September
18, 1861, three years ; wounded November 7.
1863; mustered out October 20, 1864, expiration
of term.
Jacob Hay, private, mustered in December 2, 1864,
one year; substitute; mustered out with com-
pany July 17, 1865.
Timothy Heathy, private, mustered in Decemlier 28,
1864, one year; substitute; mustered out with
company July 17, 1865.
Andrew J. Havens, private, mustered in February
27, 1864, three years; died at City Point, Va.,
November 22, 1864.
Amos Hefman, private, mustered in .July 29, 1864,
three years ; substitute ; absent, sick, at muster
out.
Michael Hughes, private, mustered in December 30,
1864, three years ; substitute ; mustered out with
company July 17, 1865.
Edw. Hoolihan, private, mustered in January 7,
1864, one year; substitute.
James Houston, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; died at Philadelphia July 22,
1864.
Jacob Irvin, private, mustered in September 23, 1861,
three years; wounded at Cold Harbor June 3,
1864; mustered out October 20, 1864, expiration
of term.
Charles Ittig, private, mustered in December 21,
1864, one year; substitute; mustered out with
comjiany July 17, 1865.
Robert Kerr, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years; killed at South Mountain Sep-
tember 14, 1862; buried in National Cemetery,
Antietam, section 26, lot C, grave 291.
Peter Knapp, private, mustered in Seiitember 26,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate February 5, 1863.
John Laforte, private, mustered in September 23.
1861, three years; mustered out October 20, 1864,
expiration of term.
Joseph Landis, private, mustered in October 9, 1861,
three years; died October 19, 1863.
Samuel Lantz, private, mustered in September 26,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate July 1, 1862.
John Long, private, mustered in September 2, 1861,
three years; mustered out October 20, 1864, ex-
piration of term.
David E. Latchford, private, mustered in September
8, 1861, three years; wounded at Cold Harbor
June 3, 1864; mustered out with companv July
17, 1865.
David Lowry, private, mustered in September 2, 1864,
three years; died at City Point, Va., August 13,
1864.
Levi W. Mills, private, mustered in September 23,
1861, three years ; wounded at Wilderness May
6, 1864; mustered out October 20, 1864, expira-
tion of term.
John J. Miller, private, mustered in September 24,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate February 27, 1862.
William H. Mitchell, private, mustered in March 1,
1862, three years; wounded at Cold Harbor
June 3, 1864; mustered out October 20, 1864,
expiration of term.
William F. Morgan, private, mustered in September
26, 1861, three year.-,; died September 27, 1863.
George N. Moyer, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; died September 3, 1863.
Calvin B. Myers, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; discharged ou surgeon's certifi-
cate February 21, 1863.
John Mitchell, private, mustered in March 1, 1862,
three years; died October 1, 1862; buried in
Military Asylum Cemetery, Washington, D. C.
Samuel Mathews, private, mustered in September 1.3,
1864, one year ; substitute ; discharged by Special
Order, date unknown.
Heury Miller, private, mustered in December 16,
1864, one year; drafted; discharged on surgeon's
certificate August 4, 1865.
John Moore, private, mustered in February 23, 1864,
three years; wounded at Cold Harbor June 3,
1864; discharged on surgeon's certificate January
11, 1865.
Johu Malloy, private, mustered in January 6. 1865,
three years; substitute; absent, sick, at master
out.
Thomas Murray, private, mustered in January 5,
1865, one year; substitute; mustered out with
company July 17, 1865.
Barney Murray, private, mustered in December 30,
1864, one year; substitute.
John Murphy, private, mustered in July 29, 1864,
three years; substitute; captured September 30,
1864; died at Salisbury, N. C, Februarv 28,
1865.
Maurice Murphy, private, mustered in December 27,
1864, three years ; substitute.
John H. Mee, private, mustered in December 2. 1864,
one year; substitute; mustered out with company
Julv 17, 1865.
208
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA COUNTIES IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Merrill Moriday, private, mustered in February 7,
1805, one year; mustered out with company July
17, 1865.
David A. McCruni, private, mustered in October 0,
1861, three years.
John McFadden, private, mustered in September 19^
1861, three years ; died June 17, 186-t, of wounds
received at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864 ; buried in
National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. ; veteran.
James McKiuney, private, mustered in October 7,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate February 24, 1863.
Daniel McKinney, private, mustered in October 7,
1861, tliree years ; wounded at Cold Harbor
June 3, 1864; mustered out October 21, 1864,
expiration of term.
James McCormick, private, mustered in February
19, 1864, three years; discharged by order War
Department June 2, 1865.
Reuben O. McDonald, private, mustered in February
19, 1864, three yeai's; discharged on yurgeon's
certificate June 6, 1865.
George McGinness, private, mustered in December 2,
1864, three years ; substitute ; mustered out with
comjjany July 17, 1865.
Thomas McHale, private, mustered in March 20>
1865, one year ; mustered out with company July
17, 1865.
John B. McElroy, private, mustered in December 26,
1864, three years ; died June 19, 1864, of wounds
received at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864.
Peter McNair, private, mustered in October 15, 1864^
one year ; drafted ; mustered out with company
July 17, 1865.
John W. McKnight, private, mustered in July 4,
1863, three years ; drafted ; mustered out with
company July 17, 1865.
Michael McMahon, private, mustered in June 22,
1864, three years; drafted; transferred to Fifty-
first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers May 29,
1865.
Barney McGee, private, mustered in June 2, 1865
three years ; substitute.
George M. Nails, private, mustered in December 29,
1864, three years ; substitute ; absent, sick, at
muster out.
Thomas Nelson, private, mustered in January 4, 1865,
three years; substitute.
David C. Nichols, private, mustered in July 30, 1864,
three years; substitute; captured September 30,
1864; died at Salisbury, N. C, February 16,
1865.
William O'Brien, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; veteran.
Thomas Parsons, private, mustered in October 14,
1861, three years ; killed at South Mountain Sep-
tember 14, 1862.
John B. Piatt, private, mustered in September 26,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certi-
ficate June 22, 1865; veteran.
Jackson H. Price, private, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years; wounded at South Moun-
tain September 16, 1862 ; died May 26, 1864, of
wounds received in Wilderness May 6, 1864;
buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. ;
veteran.
William Phillips, private, mustered in July 27, 1862,
three years ; substitute ; killed at Peeble's Farm,
Va., September 30, 1864.
Franklin Powell, private, mustered in January 2,
1865, three years; substitute; mustered out with
company July 17, 1865.
Charles Quigley, private, mustered in December 24,
1864, three years ; substitute.
John T. Quinn, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate February 10, 1865.
Amos M. Ross, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; wounded at Wilderness May
6, 1864; mustered out with company July 17,
1865.
John Ross, private, mustered in August 24, 1862,
three years ; wounded at Wilderness May 6,
1864; discharged on surgeon's certificate May 26,
1865.
Peter J. Ross, private, mustered in August 24, 1862,
three years ; died January 24, 1863.
Michael Regan, private, mustered in August 1, 1864,
three years; substitute; captured September 30,
1864 ; died at Salisbury, N. C, December 28,
1864.
William Raynor, private, mustered in December 30,
1864, three years ; substitute; mustered out with
company July 17, 1865.
Thomas Reed, private, mustered in December 7, 1864,
one year; substitute; mustered out with company
July 17, 1865.
George B. Roddis, private, mustered in July 29, 1 864,
three years ; substitute; captured September 30,
1864; died at Salisbury, N. C, November 20,
1864.
Winfield S. Rodney, private, mustered in November
30, 1864, one year ; substitute ; mustered out with
company July 17, 1865.
William Roles, private, mustered in February 19,1864,
three years; killed at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864.
Charles Sailor, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; died February 1, 1863; buried
in Military Asylum Cemetery.
George Sager, private, mustered in August 14, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company July 17,
1865; veteran.
Fred Shimp, private, mustered in March 1, 1862,
tliree years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
March 4, 1S63.
Eli Signer, private, mustered in October 14, 1861,
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
209
three years; mustered out October 20, 1864, ex-
piration of term.
Robert li. Starks, private, mustered in August 2, 1862,
three years; wounded August 5, 1864; discharged
Jlay 19, 1865.
John E. Schmucker, private, mustered in March 31,
1864, three years; wounded at Cold Harbor June
3, 1864; discharged on surgeon's certificate June
14, I860.
Charles F. Starks, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years; captured September 30, 1864;
died at Salisbury, N. C, February 28, 1865.
(Tcorge Slack, private, mustered in February 26, 1864,
three years; captured September 30, 1864; died
at Salisbury, N. C, January 4, 1865.
Thomas B. Scott, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years ; killed at Peeble's Farm Sep-
tember 30, 1864.
Jacob F. Schuee, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; prisoner from September 30,
1864, to March 30, 1865 ; mustered out with com-
pany July 17, 1865.
Allen Stutor, private, mustered in February 19, 1864,
three years ; wounded at Spottsylvauia Court-
Hoiise May 12, 1864.
David C. Shimel, private, mustered in October 3,
1864, three years; drafted; mustered out with
company July 17, 1865.
Mordecai M. Tate, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years ; wounded at Cold Harbor June
3, 1864 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out.
Joseph Taylor, private, mustered in July 10, 1864,
three years ; substitute; captured September 30.
1864 ; died at Salisbury, N. C, January 8, 1865.
Levi Turner, private, mustered in October 6, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July 17,
1865.
■James Watson, private, mustered in March 1, 1862,
three years ; mustered out March 17, 1865, ex-
piration of term.
Isaac Wortman, private, mustered in September 24,
1861, three years; mustered out October 20, 1864,
expiration of term.
James White, private, mustered in September 16,
1861, three years ; wounded at South Mountain
September 14, 1862; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate February 24, 1863.
Norris L. Wiser, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years; died June IS, 1864, of wounds re-
ceived at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864; buried in
National Cemetery, Arlington, Va.
Joseph Wiser, private, mustered in September 20,
1861, three years; died at Belleville, Pa., Feb-
ruary 19, 1804.
Henrj' Wyan, private, mustered in Sejitember 21,
1861, three years; wounded at South Mountain
September 14, 1862 ; discharged on surgeon's
certificate September 25, 1864.
14
John Whiteman, private, mustered in September 26,
1861 , three years.
Hugh Ward, private, mustered in December 1, 1864,
three years ; substitute ; mustered out with com-
pany July 17, 1865.
Bennett Winezerl, private, mustered in December
16, 1864, one year; drafted; mustered out with
company July 17, 1865.
Wesley Young, private, mustered in March 1, 1801,
three years ; mustered out with company July
17, 1865 ; veteran.
David K. Zook, private, mustered in September 27,
1861, three years; died June 8, 1864, of wounds
received at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864.
FORTY-SIXTH EEGIMEXT.
The Forty-si-xth Regiment was formed of
companies rai.sed in the summer of 1 861, rendez-
voused at Camp Curtin, and organized a.s a
regiment on the 1st of September, under the
following-named field officers : Colonel, Joseph
F. Knipe ; Lieutenant-Colonel, James L. Sel-
fridge ; Major, Arnold C. liewis. The regi-
ment contained a number of men of Union and
Snyder Counties, in K Comj^any, and there were
also in the organization a large number of
otiicers and men of Mifflin and Juniata Counties.
Company A was made up almost entirely of
Mifflin County men, a large proportion of whom
had been members of the famed Logau Guards
in the tliree months' service. A few days at^er
that compau}' had returned home from duty at
Fort Washington, a new company was recruited
at Lewistowu, called the Second Logan Guards,
most of its men having been members of the
original Logans, as were also all the com-
missioned officers of the new company, viz. :
Captain, Joseph A. Matthews; First Lieutenant,
Henry A. Eisenbise ; Second Lieutenant, Wil-
liam B. Weber. Each of the.se lieutenants, in
turu, afterwards received promotion to the
captaincy, as did also John j\I, Nolle, who had
been a corporal in the original Logan Guards,
and was made first sergeant of Second Logans
on the formation of the Company. In the
organization of the regiment the Second
Logau Guards was designated as Company A of
the Forty-si.\th, and upon the death of Major
A. C. Lewis (September 22, 1861), Captain J.
Ard Matthews ^\as promoted to major of the
regiment, placing Captain Henry A. Eisenbise
in command of the company.
210
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The Forty-sixth left Camp Curtin iu the fall
of 1861, and moved to join the forces of General
Banks on the Upper Potomac. It was assigned
to duty in General S. W. Crawford's (First)
brigade, in the (Second) division of General A.
S. Williams.
No active operations wei-e commenced by the
command during the fall and winter, until the
latter part of February, 1862, when Banks'
force crossed the Potomac into Virginia, where
it soon afterwards took part in an engagement
with the enemy, under Stonewall Jackson, mIio
was compelled to retire to Woodstock. Soon
afterwards Jackson turned on the offensive, and
attacked Banlcs' column of about seven thousand
with a force of nearly three times that strength,
resulting in the battle of Winchester, in which
the Forty-Sixth took a conspicuous part, holding
its ground with steadiness for five hours, and
suffering considerable loss in killed and wounded.
In the campaigns which followed the appoint-
ment of (ieueral John Pope to the command of
the Ai'my of Virginia the Forty-sixth, with
Crawford's brigade, fought bravely in the
battle of Cedar Mountain, charging three times
across an open wheat-field, each time to be
driven back by a greatly superior force. Its
loss was thirty killed, thirty-four severely
wounded and six taken prisoners. " General
Crawford's brigade came out of the fight a
mere skeleton." Among the wounded were
Major Matthews and Lieutenant Selheimer, of
Company A.
In the battle of Antietam tfie Forty-sixth,
under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Sel-
fridge, fought on the right, under General
Hooker, sustaining only a moderate loss. After
the battle it crossed into Virginia and marched,
by Fairfax and other points, to the Rappa-
hannock, but did not arrive in time to take any
part iu the storming of Marye's Heights at
Fredericksburg on the 13th of December. After
thqt engagement it formed part of Second Bri-
gade, First Division of the Twelfth Corps, under
General Slocum, and made its winter-quarters
near Falmouth, Va.
On the opening of the spring campaign the
regiment, with its corps, moved on the 27th of
Ajjril to Kelly's Ford, where they crossed the
Raj3pahannock, and thence, crossing the Rap-
idan at Germania Ford, marched to Chancellors-
ville, where, in the engagements of the 2d and
3d of May, it lay under a heavy fire, and took
part in successive charges of the Confederate
line, but with comparatively light loss in killed
and wounded. From Chancel lorsville the regi-
ment, with its corps, re-crossed the Rappahan-
nock, and soon afterwards marched northward
to confront the Confederate army, which was
then moving to the invasion of Pennsylvania.
It i-eached Gettysburg on the evening of July
1st, and was posted on Gulp's Hill, where the
Forty-sixth held the extreme right of the line,
in a sheltered position, which enabled the regi-
ment to pass through the terrific battle which
followed witliout very heavy loss.
Upon the retreat of General Ijee from Gettys-
burg into Virginia, the Forty-sixth joined in
the pursuit across the Potomac, and to the line
of the Rapidan. There orders were received
detaching the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps from
the Araiy of the Potomac, and ordering thein
to move, under command of General Joseph
Hooker, to the succor of the Army of the Cum-
berland, then at and in the vicinity of Chatta-
nooga, Tenn. On arriving in Tennessee, tiie
troops of the First Division of the Twelfth
Corps (in which was the Forty-sixth) were
placed on duty, guarding the railway line from
Tullahoma to the Tennessee River, at Bridge-
port, Ala. This duty was performed by the
Forty-sixth in a manner which elicited the com-
mendations of its general officers. About the
1st of January, 1864, a large proportion of the
soldiers of the regiment having re-enlisted, they
received the veteran furlough and visited Penn-
sylvania, whence, on their return, they were ac-
companied by a large number of recruits, bring-
ing the strength of the regiment nearly or quite
up to the maximum.
In the campaign which was opened by the ad-
vance of Sherman's army from the Tennessee,
on the 6th of May, 1864, and which resulted
in the capture of Atlanta, the Forty-sixth took
part in the operations of the Twelfth Corps,
fighting successively in the engagements of
Snake Creek Gap, Ga., Resaca, Pumpkin Vine
Creek, New Hope Church, Culp House, Dallas,
THE WAR FOR THE UNIOX.
211
Pine Kuob, Kcuesuw Mountain, Marietta, Puacli
Tree Creek (July 20tli) aud Atlanta (July 22d).
In the battle of Peach Tree Creek, Adjutant
Luther E,. Whitman and Lieutenant David C
Selheimer, both of Mifflin County, received
wounds of which they died soou afterwards —
Whitman on the 6th of August and Selheimer
on the 21st of September following. The loss
of the regiment in that battle was thirty-two
killed and wounded. In the subsequent action
in front of Atlanta its loss was about twenty-
five killed and wounded.
The surrender of Atlanta occurred on the 1st
of September, and ten days later the victorious
army of General Sherman set out on its " march
to the sea." Savannah was reached and occu-
pied on the 22d of December, and there a light
action, in the capture of Fort JMcAllister, finished
the battle record of the Forty-sixth. Moving
north with the army through the Carolinas, it
reached Goldsboro about the middle of ]\Lirch,
and immediately after the surrender of General
Johnston on the 2(ith of April, it set out with
the grand column for Washington, where it
duly arrived in May, and on the 16th of July
following was mustered out of service at Alex-
andria, Ya.
Company A, Mifflin County. — The fol-
lowing is the roster of Company A, Forty-sixth
Regiment Pennsylvania A'olunteers, which was
recruited at Ijcwistown, Mifflin County :
Joseph A. Matthews, captain, nnistereJ in September
27, 1861, three years; promoted to major Septem-
tember 27, 1861.
Heury A. Eiseubise, captain, mustered in August 14,
1861, three years; resigned February 11, 1863.
William B. Weber, captain, mustered in August 14,
1861, three years; promoted from second to first
lieutenantSeptember 27, 1861 ; to adjutant Novem-
ber 1, 1862; to captain Company A February 11,
1863 ; resigned February 8, 1865.
John M. Nolte, captain, mustered in August 23, 1861,
three years ; promoted from first sergeant to
second lieutenant November 1, 1862; to captain
May 22, 1865 ; mustered out with company July
16, 1865.
D. C. Selheimer, first lieutenant, mustered in Septem-
ber 27, 1861, three years; promoted from Com-
pany D, Ninth Regiment New York State 3Ii-
litia, to second lieutenant September 27, 1861 ;
to first lieutenant November 1, 1862; died Sep-
tember 21, 1864, of wounds received at Peach
Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864.
Enos Rodgers, first lieutenant, mustered in Septem-
ber 2, 1861, three years ; promoted to corporal
September 18, 1862; to sergeant April 1, 1863 ; to
first sergeant JJcceraber 25, 1833; to .irst lieu-
tenant May 23, 1865 ; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865; veteran.
Jacob E. Mickey, first sergeant, mustered in Septem-
ber 2, 1861, three years ; promoted from corporal
to sergeant May 4, 1863 ; to first sej-geant May
22, 1865 ; mustered out with company July 16,
1865 ; veteran.
James P. McCliniic, sergeant, mustered in September
2, 1861, three years; mustered outwiih company
July 16, 1865 ; veteran.
Robert Powers, sergeant, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; promoted to corporal Novem-
ber 1, 1862; to scrg.-ant September 5, 186.3:
mustered out with company July 16, 1865 ;
veteran.
Joseph H. Klepper, sergeant, mustered in September
2, 1861, three years ; promoted to corporal April
1,1863; tosergeant December 29, 1863; captured
at Cedar Mountain, Va., August 9, 1862 ; re-
turned September, 1862; mustered out with com-
pany July lii, 1865; veteran.
J. A. Muthersbough, sergeant, mu.-tered in September
2, 1861, three years; promoted to corporal April
1, 1862; to serg-ant May 22, 1865; mustered out
with company July 16, 1865 ; veteran.
Samuel Eisenbise, sergeant, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate January 30, 1863.
Henry Printz. sergeant, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; promoted from corporal to
sergeant ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
April 1, 1863.
George W. Elberty, sergeant, mustered in August 20,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate August 29, 1863.
William Hopper, sergeant, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; died May 5. 1863, of wouuds
received at Chancellorsviile May 3,1863.
John C. Ross, corporal, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; promoted to corporal May 4,
1863 ; mustered out with company July 16, 1865 ;
veteran.
William H. Langton, corporal, mustered in .Septem-
ber 2, 1861, three yeais ; promoted to corporal
May 4, 1863; mustered out with company Julv
16, 1865 ; veteran.
George W. Wertz, corporal, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; promoted to corporal May 1,
1864; prisoner from May 2 to May 15, 1863;
mustered out with company July 16, 1865 ;
veteran.
George W. Lewis, corporal, mustered in Septcmlior2,
1861, three years; promoted to corporal Scpicm-
!12
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
ber 22, 1864 ; captured at Cedar Mountain Au-
gust 9, 1862 ; mustered out with company July
16, 1865; veteran.
Jolin B. Thompson, corporal, mustered in July 25,
1863, three years; promoted to corporal Septem-
ber 22, 1864 ; mustered out with company July
16, 1865.
Lewis H. Ruble, corporal, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; promoted to corporal September
22, 1864 ; captured at Cedar Mountain August 9,
1864 ; mustered out with companj' July 16, 1865 ;
veteran.
Michael Fox, corporal, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; promoted to corporal May 22,
1865 ; mustered out with company July 16, 1865 ;
veteran.
Philip Lortz, corporal, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; promoted to corporal July 1,
1835; captured at Cedar Mountain August 9,
1862, and at Chancellorsville May 2, 1863 ;
mustered out with company July 16, 1865 ;
veteran.
John G. Carlin, corporal, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cei-
tificate October 23, 1862.
Melvin Lamb, corporal, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate March 20, 1863.
John S. Garrett, corporal, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
George W. Howenstine, corporal, mustered in Septem-
ber 2, 1861, three years ; mustered out Septem-
ber 18, 1864, expiration of terra.
Jaelcson Lewis, corporal, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
William T. Shimp, corporal, mustered in September
2, 1861, three years; discharged by order of
War Department June 20, 1865 ; veteran.
William T. Scott, corporal, mustered in September
2,1861, three years; killed at Cedar Mountain
August 8, 1862.
Thomas A. Nourse, corporal, mustered in September
2, 1831, three years ; killed at Antietam Sep-
tember 17, 1862.
Charles Bermethuni, musician, mustered in Septem-
ber 2, 1861, three years; transferred to Company
B, date unknown.
Hiram De Huff, musician, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865 ; veteran.
Jonathan Ocker, musician, mustered in November
30, 1863, three years; promoted to principal
musician August 1, 1864 ; veteran.
Samuel Armstrong, private, mustered in February
25, 1864, three years ; mustered out with com-
pany July 16, 1865.
David Abbot, private, mustered in July 14, 1863,
three years; mustered out with company July 16,
1865.
Thomas Arnold, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; discharged by order of War
Department May 19, 1865.
William Armstrong, private, mustered in September
2, 1861, three years; mustered out September
18, 1864, expiration of term.
John Aultsberger, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; transferred to Batteiy M,
First New York Artillery, January 1, 1864.
William Ashton, private, mustered in August 18,
1864, one year; not on muster-out roll.
William A. Ball, private, mustered in September
21, 1861, three years ; mustered out with coin-
pany July 16, 1865 ; veteran.
William H. Bowson, private, mustered in September
21, 1861, three years; captured at Winchester
May 25, 1862 ; returned ; mustered out with com-
pany July 16, 1865 ; veteran.
William L. Berkheimer, private, mustered in Septem-
ber 21, 1861, three years ; captured at Winches-
ter May 25, 1862, returned; mustered out with
company July 16, 1865 ; veteran.
L. Buchanan, private, mustered in March 19, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July 16,
1865.
John L. Berringer, private, mustered in March 8, 1864,
three years; mustered out with company July 16,
1865.
Joseph Bish, private, mustered in September 14, 1863,
three years; mustered out with company July 16,
1865. "
John H. Bunner, private, mustered in July 14, 1883,
three years ; wounded ; absent, in hospital, at
muster out.
William Burkey, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of terra.
John H. Bush, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years; discharged by order War De-
partment June 20, 1865.
Ephraim Baker, private, mustered in September 2.
1861, three years; killed at Cedar Mountain
August 9, 1862.
Samuel R. Bowersox, private, mustered in February
25. 1864, three years ; killed at Resaca, Ga., May
15, 1864.
George Bolinger, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years; killed at Resaca, Ga., May 15,
1864.
Charles Brought, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; prisoner; died at Anderson-
ville, Ga., October 27, 1864, grave 11,563.
James M. Briggs, private, mustered in January 14,
1864, three years ; killed in action March 14,
1865.
Isaac Bigelow, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION".
213
John Black, private, mustered in September 2, 18(J1,
tliree years.
William Budd, private, mustered in Soptemljer 2,
1861, three years.
Joshua Boutwell, private, mustered in September 14,
1863, three years.
Aquilla Cornelius, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865 ; veteran.
Samuel Campbell, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865.
Henry H. Craig, private, mustered in July 14, 1863,
three years; mustered out with company July 16,
186.').
George W. Crawford, private, mustered in September
2, 1861. three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate February 4, 1863.
Jackson Chester, private, mustered in July 14, 1863,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
May 18. 1865.
Charles M. Caruthers, private, mustered in February
1, 1864, three years ; transferred to Company A,
Thirty-Fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers, January 20, 1865 ; veteran.
William Cowden, private, mustered in September 2,
1861; three years; killed at Cedar Mountain
August 9, 1862.
Emanuel Coleman, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; died at Lewistowu, Pa., date
unknown.
Jeremiah Co.ssick, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years.
Samuel H. Coleman, private, mustered in .Tuly 14,
1863, three years ; died near Broad River, S. C,
February 18, 1865.
Benneville De Long, private, mustered in February
9, 1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865."
Phillip Dunn, private, mustered in September 14,
1863, three years ; paroled prisoner ; absent at
muster out.
Jeremiah Delo, private, mustered in March 15, 1865,
one year; drafted; discharged July 24, 1865.
George L. Denny, private, mustered in July 16, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; discharged on surgeon's
certificate February 20, 1864.
James F. Duncan, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; promoted to commissary-ser-
geant November 1, 1862.
Robert Forsyth, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate June 27, 1862.
Joseph Franken, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate January 10, 1863.
Andrew J. Foy, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; wounded at Winchester May
25, 1862; discharged on surgeon's certificate
April 1, 1863.
John M. Ficthorn, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
James A. Gould, private, mustered in December 14,
1863, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865.
John Green, private, mustered in March 15, 186.5,
one year; mustered out with company July 16,
1865.
Francis Glover, private, mustered in March, 15, 1805,
one year; mustered out with company July 16,
1865.
Boston Gardner, private, mustered in March 15,1865,
one year; mustered out with company July 16,
1865.
Samuel M. Greer, private, mustered in March 2, 1864,
three years ; wounded ; absent, in hospital, at
muster out.
Conrad Guardlock, private, mustered in March 8,
1864, three yejrs; wounded ; absent, in hospital,
at muster out; veteran.
Jacob Gafl'ney, private, mustered in August 16, 1864,
one year; mustered out June 7, 1865, expiration
of term.
William Gruver, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years.
Conrad Holstine, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; captured at Chancellorsville
May 2, 1863; mustered out with company July
16, 1865 ; veteran.
David Hobaugh, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865; veteran.
Alexander Hannold, private, mustered in March 15,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865.
Michael Harris, private, mustered in July 14, 1863,
three years ; mustered out with company July
16, 1865.
Samuel Hemphill, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
Levi Hartley, private, mustered in July 14, 1863,
three years ; discharged by order War Depart-
ment June 20, 1865.
Harvey Held, private, mustered in September 2, 1861,
three years ; transl'errcd to Company C January
1, 1864; veteran.
Henry Hilnis, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; killed at Cedar Mountain
August 9, 1862.
Hiram S. Hurlbut, private, mustered in March 1.5,
1862, one year.
George Heart, private, mustered in September 30,
1864, one year; not on muster-out roll.
Allen M. Kreps, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; discharged, date unknown.
2U
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Ephraira F. Knipe, private, mustered in December
31, 1863, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865.
Samuel Kaulfman, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865.
F. M. Kessler, private, mustered in July 14, 1863,
three years; mustered out with company July 16,
1865.
John Kline, private, mustered in September 14, 1863,
three years ; mustered out with company July
16, 1865.
Lawrence Kreps, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
Thomas Kincade, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; died May 11, 1862, of wounds
received accidentally at New Market, Va. ; buried
in National Cemetery Winchester, lot 1.
T. M. Kemey, private, mustered in September 2, 1861,
three years ; died of wounds received at Win-
chester, Va., May 25, 1862.
David Kennedy, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; died at Alexandria September
28, 1862, grave 326.
Butler Kauifman, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years.
William Kelley, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; veteran.
Samuel King, private, mustered in September 30,
1864, one year ; not on muster-out roll.
Joseph M. Lime-i, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate January 30, 1863.
Elias W. Link, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; died at Harper's Ferry, Va.,
November 11, 1862.
John Logan, private, mustered in March 15, 1865,
one year.
William Lewis, private, three years ; died May 26,
1862 ; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery.
Lewis J. Mallory, private, mustered in January 4,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865.
Lewis F. Mackey, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865.
Joseph May, private, mustered in July 13, 1863, three
years; mustered out with company July 16,
1865.
Charles Magee, private, mustered in March 16, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company July 16,
1865.
William E. Mayes, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
William M. Miller, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
George Motzer, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; died at Washington, D. C,
October 28, 1861 ; buried in Military Asylum
Cemetery.
George Miller, private, mustered in February 6, 1865,
one year.
Samuel Myers, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate, date unknown.
Isaac McCartney, private, mustered in July 14, 1863,
three years; mustered out with company July 16,
1865.
John McCullough, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years ; absent, sick, at muster-out.
E. McCormick, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
William McKee, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years.
George W. Nipple, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865; veteran.
Nicholas Nolte, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; captured at Chancellorsville
May 2, 1863; returned; mustered out witli com-
pany July 16, 1865 ; veteran.
Charles Newman, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; promoted to hospital steward
November 1, 1862.
Samuel Owens, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; transferred to Veteran Reserve
Corps May 7, 1863.
Albert Printz, private, mustered in January 25, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July 16,
1865.
Leonard Porter, private, mustered in September 14,
1863, three years ; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865.
George C. Peoples, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; killed at Kenesaw Mountain,
Ga., June 15, 1864; veteran.
Bronson Rothrock, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865 ; veteran.
Robert I. Riden, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 16, 1864.
William Reed, private, mustered in September 14,
1863, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1864.
James M. Ramsey, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate October 29, 1862.
James Riddle, private, mustered in September 2, 1861,
three years ; mustered out September 18, 1834,
expiration of term.
John H. Shafer, private, mustered in September 2.
1861, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865; veteran.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
215
Joseph Stevens, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865; veteran.
Homer M. Sigler, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865 ; veteran.
Jacob Spigelmier, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years; mustered out witli company
July 16, 1865.
Henry H. Shilling, private, mustered in February 9,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865.
William Stout, private, mustered in July 14, 1863,
three j'ears; mustered out with company July 16,
1865.
Nicholas Swearer, private, mustered in July 16, 1863,
three years ; mustered out with company July 16,
1865.
James Stillwell, private, mustered in July 14, 1863,
three years ; mustered out with company July 16,
1865.
Jos. H. Sumerton, private, mustered in September 14,
1863, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865.
AVesley St. John, private, mustered in March 15,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company July
16, 1865.
Thomas Simpson, private, mustered in March 15,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company July
16, 1865.
Charles Sheppard, private, mustered in March 8,
1864, three years; absent, sick, at muster out.
Geo. Smith, private, mustered in February 9, 1864,
three years ; absent, siclc, at muster out.
Jacob Sizer, private, mustered in September 2, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
May 3, 1862.
Geo. Snyder, private, mustered in September 2, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
June 29, 1862.
C. li. Selheimer, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate October 20, 1862.
James Swisher, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate January 15, 1863.
James Sanford, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate December 23, 1862.
Fred'k E. Shimp, private, mustered in October 23,
1863, three years ; discharged by order War De-
partment May 18, 1865.
Joseph S. Sacket, private, mustered in July 14, 1863,
three years ; discharged by order War Depart-
ment May 18, 1865.
Henry Spitler, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; wounded at Cedar jNIountain ;
transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps November
6, 1863.
Wm. G. Spiece, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; killed atCedar Mountain, Va.,
August 9, 1862.
David Seachrist, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; died September 7, 1862; buried
iu Prospect Hill Cemetery, York, Pa.
John H. Showalter, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; died at Nashville, Tenn., De-
cember 20, 1864.
Fred B. Slagle, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years.
John Scott, private, mustered in September 14, 1861,
three years.
Samuel Tice, private, mustered in February 20, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July
16, 1865 ; veteran.
Thomas Taylor, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate October 11, 1862.
James Vawn, private, mustered iu September 2, 1861,
three years.
Jerome M. Wise, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865; veteran.
Sam'l S. Wagner, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865; veteran.
Andrew J. AVise, private, mustered in September 5,
1861, three years; wounded at Winchester May
25, 1862; discharged September 18, 1864.
James Wagner, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years; discharged by order War De-
partment June 21, 1865.
George Yeager, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
July 16, 1865; veteran.
Company D, Perry County. — The fol-
lowing men from Perry County .served in Com-
pany D, Forty-sixth Regiment Pennsylvania
Volunteers :
Wm. H. Bachman, mustered in September 2, 1861 ;
re-enlisted January 13, 1864 ; wounded iu action ;
veteran.
John A. Albright, mustered in February 24, 1864.
John W. Chisholm, mustered in September 2, 1861 ;
re enlisted January 13, 1864; wounded Peach
Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864 ; veteran.
Francis A. Foster, mustered in August 31, 186] ;
transferred to Forty-second Regiment Pennsyl-
vania Volunteers September, 1861.
John Shelley, mustered in September 2, 18G1 ; re-on-
listed 13th January, 1864 ; wounded, with loss of
leg, at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864;
veteran.
Joseph S. Smith, mustered in September 2, 1861 ;
wounded at Cedar Mountain, Va., August 9,
216
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Novem-
ber 19, 1862.
Salomon Tromble, mustered in September 2, 1861 ;
re-enlisted ISth January, 1864; veteran.
FORTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT.
The Forty-seventh Regiment was recruited
in the month of August, 1861, and rendez-
voused at Camp Curtin, where it was organized,
on tlie 1st of September following, under Col-
onel Tilghraan H. Good, Lieutenant-Colonel
G. W. Alexander and Major William H. Gau-
sler. The comjmuies were mustered into the
service at various dates, from August 19th to
September 20th, at about which latter date the
regiment moved to the front, arriving at Wash-
ington Septembsr 1st, and was stationed at
Kalorama Heights. On the 27th it crossed
the Chain Bridge, and occupied Fort Ethan
Allen, Va., in the line of the Washington de-
fenses. On the 11th of October it moved M'ith
its brigade' to Bailey's Cross-Roads, where it
took part in the grand review by General Mc-
Clellan of seventy-two thousand men, compos-
ing the Army of the Potomac. In the advance
to the battle-ground of Dranesville, December
20th, the regiment participated, but did not
reach the field in time to take ])avt in the en-
gagement.
Ou the 2;jd of January the Forty-seventh
left Washington under orders, and proceeded,
as part of the expedition under orders of Gen-
eral Brannan, to Key West, Fla., arriving
there February 4th ; but not being ordered into
any engagement there, was moved, late in June,
to Hilton Head, S. C, where it remained until
the early part of July, when it was moved to
Beaufort, S. C , where it continued on post un-
til the following September. It was then
ordered to move with other regiments to Florida
to remove obstructions in St. John's River. The
operations against St. John's Bluff were opened
October 1st, but the enemy evacuated the post
Avithout a fight, but leaving large quantities of
artillery, ammunition and war material, which
were taken by the troops of the expedition and
conveyed to Hilton Head. In this movement
the Forty-seventh sustained but a slight loss.
'Stevens' (Third], of General " BaWy " Smitli's divi-
Late in October it took part in the movement
to Pocotaligo, S. C.,to break the Charleston and
Savannah Railroad, losing one hundred and
thirty-four officers and men in killed and
wounded.
On the 15th of November the regiment
moved to Key West, Fla., where it was posted
to garrison Forts Jefferson and Taylor (five
companies being placed in each of the works).
In this duty it remained until February, 1864,
during which time over five hundred men of
the command had re-enlisted, and received the
veteran furlough. On the 25th of that month
it moved from Key West for the command of
General Banks, in Louisiana, where it was
assigned to the Second Brigade of General
Emory's division of Franklin's corps, in the
army of General Banks. On the 15th of
March it set out, with other troops, on the Red
River expedition, in which, on the 8th of April,
it took gallant part in the battle of Sabine
Cross-Roads, La., losing about sixty men in
killed and wounded. It was also engaged at
Pleasant Hill, where it took many prisoners
and captured several pieces of artillery. From
that battle-ground the army retired to Grand
Ecore and Alexandria, arriving at the latter
place on the 25th. In this expedition the reg-
iment had marched fully eight hundred miles,
and had lost two hundred men by battle and
sickness.
On the 5th of July the Nineteenth Corps
left Louisiana for Washington, and arrived
there on the 12tli. Soon afterwards it became
a part of the Army of the Shenandoah, under
command of General P. H. Sheridan. In the
Valley the Forty-seventh took part in the bat-
tles of Opequan (or AVinchester), September
19th ; Fisher's Hill, September 21st ; and Cedar
Creek, October 19th, where its loss was one
hundred and seventy-six killed, wounded and
missing. It was the regiment's last general
engagement, though it was constantly on duty
guarding against guerrillas, constructing defen-
sive works and taking part in reconnoissances
and skirmishes from its winter-quarters at
Camp Russell, near Winchester, and Camp
Fairview, near Charlestown, Va. On the open-
ing of the spring campaign of 1865 it moved,
THE WAR FOll THE UNION.
217
on the 4tli of April, with tiie expectation of
taking part in the closing scenes of the war, but
the struggle euded on the 9th at Appomattox,
and the regiment moved to Washington, where
it participated in the grand review of May 23d
and 24th. But it was afterwards moved to
Charleston, S. C, where it relieved the One
Hundred and Sixty-fii'th New York Regiment,
and remained in the South ou duty until Jan-
uary 3. 18()G, when it embarked for New York,
whence, on arrival, it proceeded to Philadelphia
where (at Camp Cadwalader) it was mustered
out of service on the 9th of January, after
nearly four and a half years of duty.
In the ranks of the Forty-seventh were
quite a large number of men of Juniata, Union
and Snyder Counties, and two companies of
Perry county soldiers (one recruited at Bloom-
field, and the other at Newport.)
Company C, Juniata County. — This com-
pany was recruited at Sunbury, Northumberland
County, and the following is a list of members of
the company who resided in Juniata County.
They M'ere mustered in September 2, 1861, for
three years, except where otherwise stated :
AV'illiam Reese, first lieutenant, promoted from second
lieutenant to first lieutenant January 14, 1862;
discharged April 14, 1864.
Davids. Baidler, private, mustered out September 18,
1864.
George \V. Bartle, private, died at Washington, D. C,
August 8, 18G4 ; buried in Kational Cemetery,
Arlington.
William Brownon, private.
John W. Firlh, private, mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Alex. Given, private, mustered in February 25,1864;
died December, 1864, of wounds received at Ce-
dar Creek, Va., October 19, 1864.
Conrad Holman, private, wounded at Pocotaligo,
S. C, October 22, 1862; prisoner from April 8 to
July 22, 1864; mustered out September 18, 1864.
Eobt. Howel, private, discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate April 13, 1865.
Ri)bt. C. JIcNeal, private, mustered out with comp.iny
December 25, 1865.
John W. McNew, private, wounded and prisoner at
Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1864; exchanged
July 22, 1864 ; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865.
William McNew, private, mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Samuel McNew, private, mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Francis H. McNeal, private.
Benj. McKiilip, private, mustered out December 25,
1865.
Thomas Nipple, private, wounded at Sabine Cross-
Roads, La., April 8, 1864; mustered out with
company December 25, 1865.
David Naylor, private, discharged on surgeon'.-s cer-
tificate April 13, 1865.
Richard O'Rourke, private, wounded at Cedar Creek,
Va., October 19, 1864 ; mustered out with com-
pany December 25, 1865.
Jas. R. Rhine, private, mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
H. B. Robinson, private, mustered in November 28,
1863 ; discharged by order of War Department
January 24, 1865.
Frederick Vaun, private, mustered in February 24,
18(!4 ; transferred to Company G December 10,
1864 ; mustered out December 25, 1865.
James Whistler, private, mustered out September 18,
1864.
Benj. F. Walls, private, wounded at Pleasant Hill,
La., April 9, 1864; mustered out September 18,
1864.
Samuel Whistler, private, nmstered out September 18,
1864.
Company D, Perry County. — This com-
pany was recruited at Bloomfiokl, Perry County.
The following is a list of its officers and men :
Henry D. Woodruff', captain, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; promoted to captain August
31, 1861; mustered out September 18, 1864, ex-
piration of term.
George Stroop, captain, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years; promoted to second lieutenant Au-
gust 31, 1861 ; to captain November 14, 1864 ;
commissioned major March 30, 1863; not mus-
tered : discharged June 2, 1865.
George Krosier, captain, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; promoted from first sergeant to first
lieutenant September 22, 1864; to captain June
1, 18(i5; mustered out with company December
25, 1865 ; veteran.
Samuel S. Auchmutz, first lieutenant, mustered in
August 31, 1861, three years ; promoted to fii-st
lieutenant August 31, 1861 ; mustered out Sep-
tember 18, 1861, expiration of term.
George W. Clay, first lieutenant, mustered in August
31, 1861, three years ; promoted from corporal
to second lieutenant January 30, 1865; to first
lieutenant June 2, 1865 ; mustered out with com-
pany December 25, 1865; veteran.
Jesse Meadeth, second lieutenant, mustered in Au-
gust 31, 1861, three years; promoted t'l first ser-
geant January 30, 1864; to second lieutenant
218
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
July 5, 1865 ; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865 ; veteran.
James Crownover, first sergeant, mustered in August
31, 1861, three years; promoted to first sergeant
July 5, 1865; wounded aud captured at Pleasant
Hill, La., April 9, 1864; exchanged November
25,1864; commissioned second lieutenant Au-
gust 31,1864; not mustered; mustered out with
company December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
John G. Miller, sergeant, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; captured at Pleasant Hill, La.,
April 9, 1864; exchanged July 22, 1864; promoted
sergeant September 19, 1864; mustered out with
company December 25, 1865; veteran.
John V. Brady, sergeant, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; promoted to sergeant Septem-
ber 19, 1864; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Isaac Baldwin, sergeant, three years; wounded at
Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1S64, and Cedar
Creek, Va., October 19, 1864; promoted to ser-
geant January 20, 1865; mustered out with com-
pany December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Theodore E. Troup, sergeant, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; promoted to sergeant .July 5,
1865 ; mustered out with company December 25,
1865; veteran.
William R. Fertig, sergeant, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate November 6, 1862.
Henry Heikel, sergeant, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years; mustered out September 18, 1864,
expiration of term.
Alexander D. Wilson, sergeant, mustered in August
31, 1861, three years; mustered out September
18, 1864, expiration of term.
Frank M. Holt, sergeant, mustered in August 30,
1861, three years; died at Washington, D. C,
October 28, 1861.
Edw. Harper, corporal, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; wounded at Cedar Creek, Va., Octo-
ber 19, 1864 ; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865; veteran.
Jacob P. Baltozer, corporal, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; promoted to corporal Septem-
ber 19, 1864 ; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865; veteran.
John E. D. Roth, corporal, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; promoted to corporal Septem-
ber 19,1864; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Noble Henkle, corporal, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years; promoted to corporal September 19,
1864 ; mustered out with company December 25,
1865 ; veteran.
William Powell, corporal, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; promoted to corporal Septem-
ber 19, 1864; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Benjamin F. Shaffer, corporal, mustered in August,
31, 1861, three years ; promoted to corporal Jan-
uary 30, 1865 ; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865; veteran.
William D. Hays, corporal, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; promoted to corporal April 15,
1865 ; mustered out with company December 25,
1865 ; veteran.
James Downs, corporal, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; prisoner fi'om April 9 to July 22,
1864; promoted to corporal July 5, 1865; mus-
tered out with company December 25, 1865 ;
veteran.
James T. Williamson, corporal, mustered in August
31, 1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's
certificate August 5, 1862.
Cornelius Stewart, corporal, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of terra.
Samuel A. M. Reed, corporal, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
George Rahm, musician, mustered in November 26,
1863, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
William P. Weaver, musician, mustered in September
11, 1861, three years ; discharged by order of War
Department April 1, 1863.
Francis Brown, musician, mustered in September 20,
1861, three years.
James E. Albert, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865; veteran.
John M. Anthony, priyate, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Benjamin F. Anthony, private, mustered in August
31, 1861, three years ; transferred to Signal Corps
1863.
Joseph Acker, private, mustered in October 6, 1862,
three years ; killed at Cedar Creek, Va., October
19, 1864 ; buried in National Cemetery, Winches-
ter, lot 10.
Amos Bender, private, mustered in August 30, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865 ; veteran.
William F. Brady, private, mustered in January 25,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Benjamin F. Baltozer, private, mustered in February
2, 1864, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Atkinson M. Brady, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Leonard W. Beady, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865; veteran.
James C. Baskins, private, mustered in August 31
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
219
1861, three years; nuistercd out with company
December .25, 18(55; veteran.
Ephraim Bowing, private, mustered in July 29, 1864,
three years ; transferred from Company I, Twelfth
Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalry, January 26,
1865 ; mustered out with company December 25,
1865.
Lewis Blain, private, mu^^tered in September 16, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865 ; veteran.
William H. Barnes, private, mustered in January 17,
1862, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865; veteran.
Uriah Barton, private, mustered in May 15, 1864,
three years; transferred from Twelfth Regiment
Pennsylvania Cavalry January 26, 1865 ; mustered
out with company December 25, 1865.
Aaron Bullard, jjrivate, mustered in June 22, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865.
Hamilton Blanchard, private, mustered in June 22,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
George Berrier, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years; mustered out Se^jtember 18,1864,
expiration of term.
Joseph B'celine, private, mustered in September 11,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
George W. Baltozcr, private, mustered in August 15,
18i!2, three years; mustered out by General Order
June 1, 1863.
John Bullard, private, mustered in April 5, 1864,
three years ; transferred to Company I October
23, 1864.
Albert C. Bryan, private, died at Philadelphia January
27, 1865.
Thomas B. Carpenter, private, mustered in January
25, 1864, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, i865.
William H. Clouser, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
John D. Clouser, private, mustered in March 1, 1865,
oue year; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865.
John B. Clay, private, mustered in August 30,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Ephraim Clouser, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; wounded and captured at
Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1864 ; exchanged
November 25, 1864 : mustered out, date unknown.
Eli B. Charles, private, muslered in August 31, 1861,
three years; discharged ou surgeon's certificate
April 21, 1864.
William Clouse, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three yeare; mustered out September 18, 1864,
expiration of term.
Jacob Charles, private, mustered in September 11,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
William Collins, private, mustered in September 11,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
William H. Coulter, private, mustered in September
11, 1861, three years; mustered out September
18, 1864, expiration of term.
David Crook, private, mustered in October 15, 1864,
three years; transferred to Eleventh Regiment
Pennsylvania Volunteers April 13, 1865.
John F. Donahoe, private, mustered in January 2,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Oliver P. Diller, private, mustered in February 2."),
1864, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Washington Dill, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; mustered out September IS,
1864, expiration of term.
John Deitzinger, private, died at Philadelphia Jan-
uary 18, 1863.
William H. Ewing, private, mustered in September
11, 1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's
certificate November 26, 1862.
William Earhart, private, mustered in August ]•>,
1862, three years; mustered out by Geiieral Ordi r
June 1, 1865.
John F. Egolf, private, mustered in January 30,1862,
three years; killed at Cedar Creek, Ya., October
19, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Win-
chester, lot 10.
Franklin M. Fertig, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865; veteran.
Henry Foreman, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; wounded at Cedar Creek, Ya.,
October 19, 1864; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Levi Foreman, private, musteretl in February 19, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865.
David R. Frank, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
William Foltz, private, mustered in March 1, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company December
25, 1865.
Michael Foltz, private, mustered in March 2, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company December
25, 1865.
George W. Foltz, private, mustered in March 1,1865,
one year; mustered out with company December
25.1865.
Henry W. Foltz, private, mustered in March 7,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
220
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
George Foley, private ; three years; died at Phil-
adelphia April 23, 1864.
Samuel Foose, private, mustered in June 12, 1863,
three years.
Samuel Gohn, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865 ; veteran.
George H. Gibson, private, mustered in March 1,
1864, one year; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865.
William A. Hearshey, private, mustered in January
27, 1864, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Martin Harper, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 28, 1862.
Alexander Humes, private, mustered in September
11, 1861, three years ; mustered out September
18, 1864, expiration of term.
William G. Harper, private, mustered in August
15, 1862, three years; mustered out by General
Order June 1, 1865.
John W. Haas, private, mustered in January 25,
1864, three years ; mustered out by General Order
September 25, 1865.
George S. Isett, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; died at Key West, Fla., May
16, 1862.
Anlhony Jordan, private, mustered in March 20,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Anthony Jordan, private, mustered in September 11,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate April 10, 1863.
George W. Jury, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
Harrison Jones, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; killed at Cedar Creek, Va.,
October 19, 1864.
William Kirkpatriek, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; mustered out with compan)'
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
William S. Kosier, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865; veteran.
George Kochendeffer, private, mustered in March 1,
1865, one year; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865.
John Keim, private, mustered in November 27, 1863,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
September 14, 1864.
Abraham F. Keim, private, mustered in January 31,
1865, one year ; mustered out May 23, 1865.
Jesse Kosier, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years; died October 31, 1864; buried in
National Cemetery, Antietam, section 26, lot D,
grave 377.
Samuel M. Kern, private, mustered in Augusi 31,
1861, three years; died while prispner at Camp
Tyler, Tex., June 12, 1864; veteran.
Jeremiah Leary, private, mustered in December 29,
1863, three years; transferred to United States
Marine Corps April 4, 1865.
Simon Lickel, private, mustered in November 26,
1863, three years.
Timothy McCarty, private, mustered in February 23,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
James McCuskey, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
William A. McKee, private, mustered in February 9,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
George Mysel, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865; veteran.
John C. Myers, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865 ; veteran.
William H. McClure, private, mustered in November
26, 1862, three years ; mustered out with com-
pany December 25, 1865.
John McCully, private, mustered in November 27,
1863, three years ; mustered out with company
November 4, 1865.
Josiah Messimer, private, mustered in March 1, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company December
25, 1865.
George W. Messimer, private, mustered in March 1,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865.
Lemuel Messimer, private, mustered in March 1, 1805,
one year ; mustered out with company December
25, 1865.
Joseph Myers, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
February 15, 1864; veteran.
Amon Myers, private, mustered in August 22, 1864,
one year; transferred from Company I, Twelfth
Kegiment Pennsylvania Cavalry, January 21,
1865; mustered out by General Order June 1,
1865.
William Mays, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; died at New Orleans, La., March 30,
1864; veteran.
Alexander Musser, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; killed at Pocotaligo, S. C,
October 22, 1862.
Andrew Mehaflfee, private, mustered in August 30,
1861, three years.
Reuben H. Newkirk, private, mustered in February
23, 1864, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865; veteran.
Hugh O'Neil, private, mustered in September 11,
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
221
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
Frederiek Protbro, private, mustered in August 30,
1861, tbree years; mustered out witb company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Peter Petre, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; wounded at Pleasant Hill, La.,
April 9, 1864; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865; veteran,
Aaron Peterson, private, mustered in February 23,
1865, one year; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865.
Andrew Powell, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
November, 1862.
AVashington A. Power, private, mustered in August
26, 1862, three years; mustered out by General
Order June 1, 1865.
Robert Porter, private, mustered in November 26,
1863, tbree years; discharged on surgeon's certi-
ficate April 1, 1865.
Sulomon Powell, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; captured at Pleasant Hill, La., April
9, 1864 ; died while a prisoner at Pleasant Hill,
La., June 7, 1864 ; veteran.
Johu Powell, Jr., private, mustered in August 31,
1861, threeyears; died at Key West, Fla., August
29, 1862.
Daniel Powell, Jr., private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; killed at Cedar Creek, Ya.,
October 19, 1864; veteran.
S. Raffensperger, private, mustered iu August 31,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865; veteran.
William H. Rboads, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
J .hn W. Reynolds, private, mustered in August 31,
181)1, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
George H. Rigler, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; mustered out September IS,
1864, expiration of term.
William H. Robinsou, private, mustered in August
31, 1861, three years; died at Key West, Fla.,
April 4, 1862.
Jesse D. Reynolds, private, nnistered in September
24, 1861, three years; died at Fort Jeflerson,
Fla., May 11, 1863.
David Rose, private, mustered in November 26, 1863,
three years.
Ellis Shannon, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Cyrus J. Sailor, private, mustered in August 31, 1S61,
three years ; wounded at Cedar Creek, Va., Oc-
tober 19, 1864; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Abraham Stall, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Albert G. Smith, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865.
Jesse M. Shaffer, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
William J. Smith, private, mustered in November 28,
1863, three years; prisoner from April 9 to July
22, 1864; mustered out with company December
25, 1865 ; veteran.
George Sowers, private, mustered in March 1, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865.
William D. Smith, private, mustered in March 6,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865.
Joseph M. Sellers, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate November 3, 1862.
James Smith, jirivate, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certitiiate
November 26, 1862.
William Shaffer, private, mustered in August 31, l.'^61,
threeyears; mustered out September 18, ]!^64.
expiration of term.
William D. Stites, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; mustered out September IS,
1864, expiration of term.
Joseph B. Shaver, private, mustered in August 15,
1862, threeyears; wounded at Pleasant Hill, La.,
April 9, 1864; mustered out June 1, 1865, by
General Order.
Emanuel Snyder, private, mustered in September 11,
1861, three years; died at Liverpool, Pa., Febru-
ary 8, 1863.
Jerome Y. Small, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; killed at Cedar Creek, Ya.,
October 19, 1864; buried in National Cemeterv,
AVinchester, lot 25 ; veteran.
AVilliam Souder, private, mustered in November 27,
1863, three years.
Michael Shaffer, private, mustered in Februarv 29,
1864, three years ; transferred from Company I,
Twelfth Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalrv, Jan-
uary 27, 1865.
William J. Stroop, jirivate, mustered in March 7.
1865, one year.
Daniel Swartz, private, mustered in February 27,
1864, three years ; mustered out December 25,
1865.
Richard Tagg, private, mustered in January 26, 1864,
three years; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865.
James D. Tagg, private, mustered in September 2,
1861, three years; wounded at Cedar Creek, Ya.,
222
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
October 19, 1864 ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
George W. Topley, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate December 7, 1862.
Wilson Tagg, private, mustered in September 11,
1861, three years ; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
Wesley M. White, private, mustered in February 11,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Samuel Weimer, private, mustered in February 24,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Benjamin Weiand, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; absent, in hospital, at New
Orleans, La.
Thomas Wright, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865; veteran.
James Woodrow, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate January 12 1862.
Washington Work, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate July, 1862.
John Wautz, private, mustered in September 11,1861,
three years; mustered out September 18,1864,
expiration of term.
Andrew J. Williams, private, mustered in August 27,
• 1864, one year; mustered out June 1, 1865.
William Wetzel, private, mustered in January 17,
1862, three years ; mustered out January 19, 1865,
expiration of term.
Andrew Work, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; died at Washington, D. C, Febru-
ary 22, 1862 ; buried in Military Asylum Ceme-
tery.
Jonathan Wantz, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, tliree years; died at Pleasant Hill, La.,
June 17, 1864, while a prisoner.
Samuel Wagner, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; wounded at Pleasant Hill, La., April
9, 1864 ; lost at sea by foundering of United
States steamer " Pocahontas," May, 1864.
Daniel S. Zonk, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; discharged May 17, 1865, by Gen-
eral Order.
Company H., Perry Coi'xty. — This com-
pany was recruited at Newport, Perry County.
The following is a list of its officers and men :
James Kacey, captain, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; promoted to captain Septem-
ber 19, 1861; mustered out September 18, 1864,
expiration of term.
Reuben S. Gardner, captain, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years; promoted to first lieu-
tenant October 29, 1864; to captain February 16,
1865 ; wounded at Pocotaligo, S. C, October 22,
1862 ; mustered out with company December
25, 1865 ; veteran.
Wm. W. Geety, first lieutenant, mustered in Septem-
' ber 19, 1861, three years ; promoted to first lieu-
tenant September 19, 1861 ; wounded at Poco-
taligo, S. C, October 22, 1862; commissioned
captain September 19, 1864; not mustered; mus-
tered out September 18, 1864, expiration of term.
James Hahn, first lieutenant, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years; promoted to second lieu-
tenant September 24, 1864; to first lieutenant
February 16, 1865; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865; veteran.
C. K. Breueman, second lieutenant, mustered in Sep-
tember 24, 1861, three years ; promoted to second
lieutenant September 24, 1861 ; mustered out
September 24, 1864, expiration of term.
Alfred Billig, second lieutenant, mustered in Sep-
tember 19, 1861, three years ; promoted to second
lieutenant March 20, 1865 ; mustered out with
company December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
David H. Smith, first sergeant, mustered in Septem-
ber 19, ISul, three years; promoted from cor-
poral to sergeant September 18, 1864 ; to first
sergeant April 21, 1865; mustered out with com-
pany December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
George Reynolds, first sergeant, mustered in Septem-
ber 19, 1861, three years; died at Hilton Head,
S. C, November 8, 1862, of wounds received at
Pocotaligo, S. C, October 22, 1862.
John A. Gardner, sergeant, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years ; promoted from corporal to
sergeant September 18, 1864; mustered out with
company December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
John S. Snyder, sergeant, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; promoted from corporal to
sergeant September 18, 1864; mustered out with
company December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
John P. Rupley, sergeant, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; wounded ; promoted from cor-
poral to sergeant October 29, 1864; mustered out
with company December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Isaac C. Foy, sergeant, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; proaioted from corporal to
sergeant April 21, 1865 ; mustered out with com-
pany December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Micliael C. Lynch, sergeant, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's
certificate June 30, 1863.
Robert H. Nelson, sergeant, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years ; promoted to corporal
August 20, 1862; to sergeant November 4, 1862 ;
mustered out September 18, 1864, expiration of
term.
James F. Naylor, sergeant, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years ; mustered out September
18, 1864, expiration of term.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
223
Isaiah Billett, corporal, mustered in September 19,
18(51, three years ; j)romoted to corporal March
12, 1864; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25,1865; veteran.
Daniel Urich, corporal, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; promoted to corporal Sep-
tember 18, 1864 ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 : veteran.
Daniel K. Smith, corporal, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years; promoted to corporal Sep-
tember 18, 1864; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865; veteran.
Daniel W. Fegley, corporal, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years ; promoted to corporal Oc-
tober 29, 1864, mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Elkana Sweger, corporal, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; promoted to corporal October
29, 1864; mustered out with company December
25, 1865; veteran.
Amos T. Brown, corporal, mustered in September 23,
1861, three years; promoted to corporal June 2,
1865 ; mustered out with company December 25,
1865 ; veteran.
Henry C. Weise, corporal, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; promoted to corporal June 2,
1865 ; mustered out with company December 25,
1865; veteran.
John Clemmens, corporal, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; promoted to corporal August
21, 1865 ; mustered out with company December
25, 1865 ; veteran.
John Kitner, corporal, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
Wm. M. Wallace, corporal, mustered in September 2,
1862, three years ; discharged by General Order
June 1, 18G5.
George W. Harper, corporal, mustered in September
2, 1862, three years ; discharged by General Order
June 1, 1865.
Daniel Reeder, corporal, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; wounded, with loss of arm, at
Pocotaligo, S. C, October 22, 1862 ; discharged
on surgeon's certificate November 24, 1862.
P. W. S'.ocklager, corporal, mustered in Septem-
ber 19, 1861, three years; wounded at Pocota-
ligo, S. C.
James J. Ivacey, corporal, mustered in September 19,
1861, three ynars; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate July 29, 1862.
George W. Albert, corporal, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's
certificate April 18, 1864.
Edw. H. Marchley, corporal, mustered in Septem-
ber 19, 1861, three years ; died at Charleston, S.
C, August 19, 1865 ; veteran.
John H. K. Boyer, musician, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years ; mustered out with com-
pany December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
George Kipp, musician, mustered in January 2.3,
1865; mustered out with company December 25,
1865.
Allen McCabe, musician, mustered in Si-ptcmber 19,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
John Anderson, private, mustered in December 17,
1863, three years ; mustered out by General
Order September 26, 1865.
James Albert, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; transferred to Company D
September 20, 1861.
Valentine Andrews, private, mustered in February 2,
1864, three years; killed at Cedar Creek, Va.,
October 19, 1864; buried in National Cemetery,
Winchester, lot 10.
Luther Bernheisel, private, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years; mustered out with company
December '25, 1865 ; veteran.
George W. Bear, private, mustered in December 17,
1863, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Edw. M. Bucher, private, mustered in February 25,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865.
Augustus Bupp, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
Abraham Burd, private, mustered in January 6, 1862,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
Marcli 4, 1862.
William Brooks, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; mustered out September 21,
1864, expiration of term.
Henry Bollinger, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate April 19, 1863.
Jerome Briner, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate July 11, 1864.
Charles E. Baldwin, private, mustered in November
22, 1864, one year; mustered out November 22,
1865, expiration of term.
Alexander Bigger, private, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's
certificate November 8, 1862.
Daniel Bistline, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; died at Camp Grirtin, Va.,
November 5, 1861.
William Barry, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; killed at Sabine Cross-Roads,
La., April 8, 1864.
Henry W. Beers, private, mustered in February 14,
1865, one year.
Oliver H. Campbell, private, mustered in January 30,
1864, three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
.224
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
John Cooper, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865; veteran.
Robert Cunuingliara, private, mustered in March 4,
1866, onii year; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865.
John D. Clay, private, mustered in August 30, 1861,
three years ; transferred to Company D Septem-
ber 20, 1861.
Edw. F. Deily, private, mustered in February 6,
1864, tliree years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1866.
James Duncan, private, mustered in December 16,
1863, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Milton H. Duulap, private, mustered in December
11, 1863, three years; mustered out with com-
pany December 25, 1865.
James E. Descmer, private, mustered in February 6,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865.
John A. Durham, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
William Dorman, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate December 31, ISSl.
Valent Davenport, private, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's
certificate March 28, 1864; burial record, died
May 4, 1864.
Augustus Deitz, private, mustered in February 2,
1864, three years ; mustered out July 6, 1865.
Peter Deitrick, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; killed at Pocotaligo, S. C, Oc-
tober 22, 18G2.
William F. Dumm, private, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years; killed at Pleasant Hill,
La., April 9, 1864; veteran.
Harrison Eckard, private, mustered in February 8,
1864, three years ; mustered out witli company
December 25, 1865.
John Evans, private, mustered in August 2, 1862,
three years; died at New Orleans, La., June 20,
1864.
Emanuel Fink, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Daniel Fusselnian, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Dwight H. Flint, private, mustered in February 15,
1865, one year; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865.
Robert Fry, private, mustered in September 30, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
December 16, 1861.
Michael Faling, private, mustered in September 30,
1861, three years ; discharged by General Order
December 8, 1862.
David R. Frank, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; transferred to Company D
September 20, 1861.
Daniel Foose, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; died at Camp Griffin, Va., Oc-
tober 20, 1801.
David W. Fisher, private, mustered in September 1,
1861, three years ; died at llarrisburg. Pa.,
January 1, 1864; veteran.
Simon C. Fink, private, mustered in December 16,
1863, three years.
Daniel Gechenbaugh, private, mustered in October
29, 1862, three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
William H. Guster, private, mustered in January 8,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Henry F. Garris, private, mustered in February
6, 1866, one year; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Emanuel Guera, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year ; mustered out by General Order June
19, 1865.
Jacob R. Gardner, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; died at Camp Griflin, Va.,
January 8, 1862.
James Galbraith, private, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years ; died at Washington, D. C,
February 1, 1862.
Isaiah Hammaker, private, mustered in December
10, 1863 ; mustered out with company December
25, 1865.
Thomas Hammaker, private, mustered in December
16, 1863, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Jacob C. Hostetter, ])rivate, mustered in December
10, 1863, three years ; mustered out December 25,
1865 ; veteran.
Isaac Henderson, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; mastered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
Michael Horting, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
Thomas J. Haney, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
William Hutcheson, private, mustered in September
18, 1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
Adam Hammaker, private, mustered in August 27,
1864, three years ; mustered out by General Order
June 1, 1865.
Jacob Hammaker, private, mustered in August 25,
1864, three years; mustered out by General Or-
der June 1, 1866.
Ananias Horting, private, mustered in August 10,
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
225
18G2, three years ; mustered out by General Order
June 1, 1865.
James Hal), private, mustered in August 8, 1864, ouo
year; mustered out by General Order June 1,
1865.
Thomas Haywood, private, mustered in November 1,
1862, three years ; mustered out October 31, 1865,
expiration of term.
William Hayes, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years ; transferred to Company D Septem-
ber 2o", 1801.
Martin Harper, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years; transferred to Company D Septem-
ber 20, 1861.
John W. Holmes, private, mustered in October 30,
1861, three years; transferred to Company 15,
Thirty-Si.Kth Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers, January 8, 1862.
Samuel Huggius, private, mustered in September 29.
1861, three years ; died at Hilton Head, S. C,
December 16, 1862, of wounds received at Poco-
taligo, S. C, October 22, 1862.
John Hartshorn, private, mustered in December 17,
1863, three years; died at New Orleans, La.,
August 8, 1861.
Michael Heeuan, private, mustered in December 11,
1863, three years ; killed at Cedar Creek, Va.,
October 19, 1864, buried in National Cemetery,
Winchester, lot 10.
George W. Hott'man, private, mustered in February
1, 1865, three years.
Comley Idall, private, mustered in September 30,
1861, three years; died at Hdton He.ad, S. C,
October 30, 1862, of wounds received atPocotaligo,
S. C, October 22, 1862.
Cyrus Johnson, private, mustered in September 19,
181)1, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate December 16, 1862.
Edw. Jassum, private, mustered in October 13,
1862, three years ; transferred from Company F
October 11, 1864; mustered out October 15, 1865,
expiration of term.
R. A. Kingsborough, private, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Daniel Kochendefer, private, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years ; absent at muster out.
William H. Knech, private, mustered in Februarv
25, 1864, three years ; mustered out with com-
pany December 25, 1865.
John M. Keim, private, mustered in September 20,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate January 19, 1862.
R. R. Kingsborough, private, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's
certificate October 26, 1862.
Charles Klotz, private, mustered in October 29, 1862,
three years ; mu-tered out October 28, 1865, ex-
piration of term.
Jacob Liddick, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865; veteran.
Jacob Liddick, i>rivate, mustered in December 18,
1863, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
John H. Liddick, private, mustered in December 10,
1863, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Aaron Laub, private, mustered in January 20, 18(54,
three years ; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865.
Henry Leedy, private, mustered in February 22,1865,
three years ; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865.
Adam Louden, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
Adam Liddick, private, mustered in December 16,
1863, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate May 19, 1865.
John Liddick, private, mustered in August 29, 1864,
one year; mustered out by General Order June 1,
1865.
William Liddick, private, mustered in August 30,
1864, one year ;, mustered out by General Order
June 1, 1865.
James Lowe, private, mustered in August 30, 1864,
one year; mustered out by General Order June 1,
1865.
John D. Long, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate September 2, 1865; veteran.
John Liddick, private, mustered in December 16,
1863, three years; (tied at Baltimore, Md., No-
vember 8, 1864, of wounds received at Cedar
Creek, Va., October 19, 1864.
Michael Lupfer, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; transferred to Veteran Reserve
Corps March 14, 1864.
Sterret Lightmer, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; died at rhiladeli>hia December
3, 1864.
Lorenzo Labar, private, mustered in February 18,
1864, three years.
John Lightman, private, three years; died at Phila-
delphia, Pa., November 11, 1864.
Edw. J. Morton, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three ye.ars; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865.
David JieCoy, private, mustered in September 19.
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Peter McLaughlin, private, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
Henry Mowery, priv.ate, mustered in December 16,
1863, three yeare ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
226
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Robert McKibben, private, mustered in February 11,
1885, one year; inusterei out with compauy De-
cember 25, 1865.
Walter C. Miller, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
John Morian, private, mustered in January 30, 1865,
one year; mu-stered out July 18, 1865.
John H. Meyers, private, mustered in September 19,
1831, three years; transferred to Company D
September 20, 1861.
Benjamin Messimer, private, mustered in November
2, 1864, three years; died at New Orleans, La.,
August 7, 1864.
John Melntire, jirivate, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; killed at Cedar Creek, Va.,
October 19, 1864 ; buried in National Cemetery,
Winchester, lot 10.
Patrick Mullen, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; died July 15, 1863.
Jacob Naylor, private, mustered in December 10,
1833, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Ehv. Newman, private, mustered in October 26, 1863,
three years ; muitered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865 ; veteran.
John Nagle, private, mustered in February 9, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company December
25, 1865.
John Orner, private, mustered in February 27, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company December
25, 1865.
William H. O'Brien, private, mustered in September
30, 1861, three years ; mustered out December 6,
1864, expiration of term.
Michael O'Conner, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year ; mustered out by General Order
July 6, 1865.
Nicholas I. Orris, private, mustered in September 19
1861, three years; killed at Pleasant Hill, La.,
April 9, 1864 ; veteran.
Dennis Purcell, private, mustered in January 28,
1865, one year ; mustered out with comjjany De-
cember 25, 1865.
Michael Reichuer, private, mustered in February 8,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
James Rider, private, mustered in January 9, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company December
25, 1865.
S. M. Randibaugh, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; mustered out. September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
John W. Rider, private, mustered in Se|)tember 30,
1861, three years; mustered out October 31, 1864,
expiration of term.
S-xmuel A. M. Reed, private, mustered in August 31,
1861, three years ; transferred to Company D
September 20, 1831.
William H. Robinson, private, mustered in August
31, 1861, three years : transferred to Company D
September 20, 1861.
Jason T. Robinson, private, mustered in August 19,
1862, three years; killed at Pocotaligo October
22, 1862.
Jacob Richenbaugh, private, mustered in August 25,
1864, one year.
John Ridgway, private ; died at New Orleans, La.,
date unknown.
William Shelley, private, mustered in December 16,
1863, three years ; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Parkison H. Shipley, private, mustered in September
19,1861, three years; mustered out with com-
pany December 25, 1865; veteran.
Jeremiah SiJers, private, mustered in December 10,
1863, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865.
Michael Smeigh, private, mustered in September 26,
1861, three years; mustered out with company
December 25, 1865 ; veteran.
John J. Schofield, private, mustered in February 9,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865.
Lewis W. Sailor, private, mustered in January 25,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865.
James Simpson, private, mustered in February 11,
1865, one year ; mustered out with comijany De-
cember 25, 1865.
Milton Stamp, private, mustered in February 27,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865.
Williaiu Stitler, private, mustered in April 1, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865.
Isaac Schlocter, private, mustered in September 19,
1801, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
titicate September 7, 1863.
William J. Simonton, private, mustered in Septem-
ber 19, 1861, three years ; discharged on sur-
geon's certificate February 13, 1863.
Lewis W. Saylor, private, mustered in September 30,
1861, three years ; mustered out October 13, 1864,
expiration of term.
William Shull, private, mustered in September 29,
1861, three years ; mustered out September 29,
1864, expiration of term.
Francis J. Smedley, mustered in September 29, 1862,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
December 28, 1864.
Thomas Smith, private, mustered in April 4, 1862,
three years ; mustered out April 5, 1865, expira-
tion of term.
H. Stoutsaberger, private, mustered in August 27,
1864, one year ; discharged June 1, 1865, by Gen-
eral Order.
George Sweger, private, mustered in August 30, 1862,
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
227
three years ; discharged June 1, 1865, by Gen-
eral Order.
Alexander Saylor, private, mustered in September 30,
1801, three years ; transferred to Veteran Re-
serve Corps March 14, 1864.
Charles H. Small, private, mustered in March 1, 1862,
three years ; promoted to quartermaster-sergeant
June 2, 1865.
Jeremiah Smith, private, mustered in September 19,
1S61, three years; died at Beaufort, S. C, August
9, 1862.
Henry Stamljaugh, private, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years ; killed at Pocotaligo, S. C,
October 22, 1862.
George H. Smith, private, mustered in September 19,
ISul, three years; died at Natchez, Miss., July
9, 1864
Joseph Shelley, private, mustered in December 10,
1863, three years; killed at Cedar Creek, Va.,
October 18, 1864; buried in National Cemetery,
Winchester, lot 9.
Joseph Smith, private, mustered in February 29, 1864,
three years ; died at New Orleans, La., Septem-
ber 2, 1864.
Henry Shepley, jn-ivate, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; captured ; died at Salisbury,
N. C, December 10, 1864; veteran.
Stephen Shaffer, private, mustered in February 10,
1864, three years ; captured ; died at Salisbury,
N. C, January 8, 1865.
Reuben Shaffer, private, mustered in October 20,
1862, three years; died at Grand Ecore, La.,
April 22, 1864.
William Schofield, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year.
D.ivid Thompson, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
Benjamin Thornton, private, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years ; mustered out September
18, 1864, expiration of term.
William R. Thompson, private, mustered in April 1,
18j2, three years ; mustered out April 20, 1865,
expiration of term.
Creorge Turpin, private, mustered in February 16,
1865, one year ; discharged May 17, 1865, by
General Order.
Charles F. Warner, private, mustered in February 9,
1865, one year; mustered out with company De-
cember 25, 1865.
Mitchell Watt, private, mustered in September 19
1861, three years ; discharged November 28,
1862, by General Order.
Joseph A. Wright, private, mustered in September
29, 1861, three years; mustered out February 17,
1865, expiration of term.
Frederick Watt, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; died at Key West, Fla., Feb-
ruary 13, 1862.
Jefferson Waggoner, private, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years; killed at Pocotaligo, S. C,
October 22, 1862.
John Whealand, private, mustered in January .30,
1865, one year.
John Yohn, Jr., private, mustered in February 22,
1864, three years; mustered out December 14,
1865.
Daniel Yohn, private, mustered in February 26, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company Decem-
ber 25, 1865.
Jolm i'ohn, Sr., private, mustered in February 20,
1864, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate April 5, 1865.
George W. Zinn, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years; mustered out September 18,
1864, expiration of term.
FORTY-NIXTH EEGIMEXT.
The Forty-ninth Regiment iiichuled in its
oi'ijanization three companies of men raised in
Mifflin County (E, H and K), and one com-
pany (I) recruited in Juniata County ; while at
least four other companies contained men of
Mifflin, Juniata and Union. The captain of
Company E, of Lewistown, was Henry A. Zol-
linger, of Newport, \vho had previously been
interested in the drilling of the Logan Guards,
and in the recruiting of the Burns Infantry, so-
called in honor of General James Burns, of
Le^\'istown. Company H, of Mifflin, was raised
at Milroy and commanded by Captain Ralph
H. ^laclay, and had for its first lieutenant AVil-
liam G. Mitchell, previously a member of the
Logan Guards, and afterwards promoted to the
grade of major, and made aid-de-camp on the
staff of General Hancock. "^ The other Mifflin
County company (K) was raised at ^IcVey-
towu, and was commanded by Captain Matthias
Neice, with John R. Keim as first lieutenant.
The Juniata County company (I) was com-
manded by Captain Calvin Dewitt, its first
lieutenant being William P. Kephart, who was
killed in battle at Spottsylvauia Court-House,
' WillLim G. Mitchell was a Pennsylv.-inian by birtU ;
he served in ti)e Logan Guanls. the Seventh, Twenty-fifth
and the Forty-ninth Regiments of Pennsylvania Infantry.
He rose to the rank of brevet brigadier-general in ihe
volunteer service, and was made captain in the Thirty-
seventh (Regular) Infantry .luly 28, 1866. Subsequently
he was transferred to the Fifth Infantry ; was made major
and assistant adjutant-general July 1. 1881, and died at
Governor's Island, N. Y., May 80, 1883.
228
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
May 10, 1864 In Company D, William Sher-
wood, previously a member of the Logan
Guards, was fii-st lieutenant, and was promoted
from that grade to that of captain. The original
colonel of the regiment was William H. Irwin,
of Lewistown, who had served as a private in
the " Logans," and he was followed as colonel
and commanding officer by Thomas M. Hul-
iugs, a prominent lawyer of Lewistown, who
had been first lieutenant of the Logan Guards,
and who afterwards gave his life on the battle-
field of Spottsylvania at the head of this regi-
ment.
The rendezvous of the Forty-ninth was at
Camp Curtin, where it was organized in Sep-
tember, 1861. The regiment left Harrisburg
on the 22d, and proceeded to Washington,
D. C, where it was assigned to Brigadier-
General W. S. Hancock's (First) brigade of
General "Baldy" Smith's division of the
Fourth Corps, commanded by MajorGeneral
Erasmus D. Keyes. After being assigned, the
regiment was encamped with its brigade at
Lewinsville, Va., where, and in which vicinity,
it was employed in camp and picket duty till
March 10, 1862, when it moved forward with
the army toward Manassas, and thence (when
tiiat place was found to have been evacuated by
the enemy) back to Alexandria, Va., where, on
the 24th of March, it embarked and proceeded
to Newport News, where it arrived on the 26th.
On the 4th of April it moved with the Army of
the Potomac up the Peninsula, and on the 5th
arrived in front of the enemy's position on the
line extending from Yorktown to the James
River. It held its position along the left bank
of the Warwick River until Sunday, May 4th,
when it moved forward with the other troops
of the army in pursuit of the enemy, who had
evacuated his Yorktown line and was retreat-
ing towards Richmond. The Confederate
forces were overtaken that night, they being in
a strong position near the town of YVilliams-
burg, where a heavy battle was fought on the
following day, the fight being opened by
Hooker's division at daylight, in the midst of
a drenching rain, which continued through the
day. Hancock's brigade occupied the right,
the Forty-niuth being on the left t'entre, with
the Sixth Maine on its right, and the Forty-
third New York on its left. It was ordeied
into the fight at about eleven o'clock a.m., and
moved forward uuflineiiingly, encountering
the Confederate brigade of General Jul)al
Early. At the first shock Hancock's men
recoiled and retired a short distance, then
rallie'l, charged and drove the enemy back in
disorder and with heavy loss, including about
three hundred prisoners taken by the brigade
of Hancock. Many of the prisoners were
of the Fifth North Carolina Regiment,
which confronted the Forty-ninth Pennsyl-
vania, which fought with unexcelled bravery,
and, with the other regiments of Hancock's
command, was highly commended by General
During the night succeeding the battle tiie
enemy retreated from his strong line at Wil-
liamsburg, and, two days later, the Army of
the Potomac moved forward in pursuit. The
Forty-ninth advanced by way of Old Chnrds
and Cold Harbor to the Chickahominy in the
vicinity of New Bridge. It remained on the
north side of the Chickahominy until the 5th
of June, when it crossed that stream by the
" Grape- A^ine" bridge, and moved to Garnett's
Hill. On the 25th it stood in line of battle to
take part iu the expected movement on Rich-
mond, led by Hooker's division. On the 26th
was fought the battle of Mechanicsville by tlie
Pennsylvania Reserves on the extreme right,
the Forty-ninth taking no part, being on the
opposite side of the Chickahominy. During
the day of the battle of Gaines' Mill (June
27th) the regiment was in line waiting orders,
and towards evening was briskly attacked by a
Confederate force from Richmond under Gen-
eral Magruder, but sustained little loss. In the
night of the 27th it moved to Golding's Farm,
and on the following day became warmly en-
gaged at Peach Orchard with a force of the
enem}', under General Robert Toombs. The
loss of the regiment in the actions of the 27th
and 28th was thirty-three killed and wounded.
On the 29th it repulsed the enemy handsomely
in a minor action at Savage Station, on the
York River Railroad, and on the .-^ame night
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
229
took up its line of March for James River,
wiiich it reached (at Harrison's Landing) on
the 2d of July, not having talvcn active part in
the battle of Charles City Cross-Roads, on the
30th of June, nor that of Malvern Hill, July 1st.
At Harrison's Landing the regiment (which
suffered there very severely from sickness) re-
mained until the 16th of August, when it
marched thence down the Peninsula by way of
A\'illiamsburg to Fortress Monroe, where it
was embarked on the 23d and proceeded up
the Chesapeake and the Potomac River to
Alexandria. On the 27th it marched from
Fairfax Seminary with Franklin's corps to the
relief of General Pope, who was then hard
pressed by the enemy south of Manassas. It
leiehed Centreville, but did not go beyond that
point, and consecpientlv was not jjreseiit at the
Second Bull Run battle. On the night of August
31st it marched from Centreville back to its
])revious camp at Fairfax Seminary. On the
invasion of Maryland by General Lee, it
moved from Fairfax (September 5th), crossed
the Potomac, and took part in the engagement
at Crampton's Gap on the 14th. On the 17th
(the day of the great battle of Antietam) the
regiment marched from Pleasant Valley, Md.,
to the scene of action, reached the tield and
formed line of battle, but was not ordered into
the fight, though it lost several men by the fire
of the enemy's artillery.
On the 19th the regiment moved from An-
tietam to the Potomac, which it crossed a few
days later, and advanced by successive marches
to Warrenton, to Stafford Court-House, to
Belle Plain and to Falmouth, on the Rap-
pahannock, opposite Fredericksburg. In the
great battle of that place, on the 13th of
December, it crossed the Rappahannock with
Franklin's grand division on the extreme left,
and was posted in support of batteries, but was
not engaged against the enemy's infantry. On
the 16th it recrossed the river, and soon after
went into winter-quarters. On the 9th of
Janpary the regiment was consolidated into
four companies, and Major Miles and other
supernumerary officers were ordered on recruit-
ing service, by which means the regiment was
nearly filled during the winter.
In the reorganization of the Army of the
Potomac, after General Hooker assumed com-
mand of it, the Forty-ninth was assigned to
Sedgwick's (Sixth) corps, First Division, 'J'liird
Brigade, commanded byGeueral Russell. March-
ing on the campaign of Chancellorsville, tiie
regiment crossed the Rappahannock on the 29th
of April, placing the pontoons in position i'or
the passage of Sedgwick's corps, and losing
several men in performing that service. From
the south bank of the river it moved with its
division to the heights in the rear of Fredericks-
burg, where the euemy was found strongl}'
fortified. The regiment remained in front of
these works until the 30th, when it moved to
the river and remained till May 3d, when it
again moved forward and lay under a heavy
artillery fire for several hours. On the same
day it moved through the town, and became
sharply engaged in skirmishing near Salem
Church. Again, on the 4th, it was engaged in
skirmishing until nightfall, when it sustained
a fierce attack by the enemy until forced to
retire towards the river. On the 5th it recrossed
the river at Banks' Ford, and returned to its
old campground at White Oak Church, liaving
experienced but light loss iii the campaign of
Chancellorsville. Moving northward on the
campaign of Gettysburg, the men suiFered ter-
ribly, marching day after day in excessively
hot weather and through clouds of dust raised
by the myriad feet and hoofs and wheels of the
advancing column. The regiment crossed the
Potomac at Edwards Ferry, and advanced to
Westminster, Md., whence it marchetl towards
Gettysburg. It arrived on the field at about
two o'clock P.M. on the 2nd of July, and was
placed in position in support of the Fifth Corps.
On the morning of the od it was placed on the
extreme left, but, with its corps, was changed
during the day to the right of Round Top,
where it stood in line ready to enter the fight,
but was not ordered in, sufiering only a slight
loss from the artillery fire. After the battle it
moved (July 5th) in pursuit of the enemy, but
did not bei'ome engaged except in a skirmish
j on the r2th.
Crossing the Potomac, into Virginia, the
I Forty-ninth was employed in various move-
230
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
meuts and marches during the succeeding sum-
mer and fall. In the morning of November
7th it marched with its corps from Warrenton
to a point near Rappahannock Station, where
tiie enemy was found strongly intrenched near
the river. Late in the day the position was
attacked by Russell's brigade (including the
Forty-ninth Regiment), and just as the twilight
fell the work was carried at the point of the
bayonet. The effective force of the charging
brigade was but about thirteen hundred men,
while the works were well supplied with artil-
lery, and held by fully sixteen hundred Con-
federates, M'ho were taken pi-isoners, including
one hundred and twenty- eight commissioned
officers, of whom two were commanders of
brigades; and among the material captured
were four pieces of artillery, with caissons and
a large quantity of ammunition, eight battle-
flags and nineteen hundred stand of small arras.
For the carrying of the intrenched line with
the bayonet, and the seizing of the enemy's
pontoon bridge, the Forty-ninth and other regi-
ments of the assaulting column were warmly
complimented in general orders by General
Sedgwick, who said they deserved " especial
honor" for their steadiness and gallantry. The
loss of the Forty-ninth in this engagement was
thirty killed and wounded. Afterwards, in the
affair at Mine Run, the Forty-ninth lay for
some hours under artillery fire, but was not
engaged, and, retiring with the other troops,
went into winter-quarters at Hazel Run, where
about two hundred and sixty men re-enlisted
for the war, and where, during the winter, the
regiment received large accessions of recruits
and drafted men from Pennsylvania. On the
23d of April following Major Miles was pro-
moled to the grade of lieutenant-colonel.
In the spring campaign of 1864 the regiment
marched with its division, crossed the Rapidan
at Germania Ford on the 4th of May, and on
the following day was engaged in the first of
the battles in the Wilderness, losing thirt\-four
killed' and wounded, but repulsing the enemy
and holding the field. In the early morning
of the 6th the battle was reopened and kept up
during the day, the heaviest fighting being in
front of the Forty-ninth and its division.
During the night it moved to the left, and was
engaged in heavy skirmishing through the fol-
lowing day. Still moving by the left, it ar-
rived before noou of the 8th at Laurel Hill,
where a brisk action ensued. On the 9th, Gen-
eral Sedgwick, the corps commander, was killed,
while selecting a position on the left. He was
succeeded in the command by General H. G.
Wright. General Russell, of the brigade, now
took command of the division, and was suc-
ceeded as brigade commander by General Eustis.
On the 10th the regiment was continually under
fire, and late in the day charged with the di-
vision, carrying the enemy's works in its front
and taking several pieces of artillery and more
than eight hundred prisoners, but afterwards
being compelled to abandon the position and
the captures, retiring before a heavy reinforce-
ment. In the charge and subsequent retreat
across open ground swept by artillery and mus-
ketry, the regiment lost sixty-five killed (among
whom were Colonel Hulings, Lieutenant-Col-
onel Miles and Lieutenant Lytic, of Company
H) and two hundred wounded and missing.
Among the wounded were Lieutenant F. W.
Wombacker, of Company E, and Lieutenant
Hilands, adjutant of the regiment. The dead
an 1 many of the wounded were necessarily left
in the hands of the enemy, and the bodies of
Colonel Hulings and Lieutenant-Colonel Miles
were not recovered.
On the 1 2th of May the regiment was again en-
gaged near Spottsyl vania Court-House, charging,
with other troops, on that part of the Confed-
erate works known as the " Bloody Angle." The
fight raged all day,and the slaughterwas terrible,
but the works were carried and occupied by the
Union forces on the following day. Up to this
time, in the nine days which had elapsed since
the regiment crossed the Rapidan, its losses had
been three hundred and ninety-one killed,
wounded and missing, reducing its numbers to
about one hundred and thirty-five effective men,
with which it entered the engagement of June 1st,
at Cold Harbor, where it fought for two days ;
then, with the other troops, left the position,
marched to and crossed the James River, and
moved to the front of Petersburg, where it
remained posted at several different points in
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
231
tlie lines encircling the beleaguered city till the
11th of July, when, with the other conimtinds
of the Sixth Corps, it was embarked and trans-
ported to Washington City, where it arrived
on the 12th, and was at once marched out
to meet the Confederate column, which, having
entered Maryland across the Upper Potomac,
was moving, under command of General Early,
to the assault of the works around the national
capital by way of Monocacy. The invading
force made a precipitate retreat before the ad-
vance of the grim and battle-scarred Sixth
Corps, which kept up the pursuit until it had
crossed the Potomac and reached Berryville,
Va. It then returned to the vicinity of Wash-
ington, when it was soon learned tliat Early
had commenced vigorous hostilities in the Shen-
andoah Valley against the forces of General
Philip PI. Sheridan. The Sixth Corps then
marched rapidly to Harper's Ferry, where it
crossed the Potomac, and, advancing up the
valley, joined General Sheridan's Army of the
Shenandoah.
At Winchester, on the 19th of September,
the Forty-ninth took part in the battle by
which the enemy's forces were routed and sent
" whirling up the valley." In that action the
regiment lost forty-nine killed and wounded.
" In the heat of the engagement," says Bates,
"a shell burst near the top of the color-statF,
scattering to the winds the few remaining shreds
of the flag." A new State flag was presented
to the regiment on the 2()th of October.
After the battle at Winchester the Forty-
ninth, with its brigade, remained in the town,
guarding prisoners and on other duty, until the
29th of October, when the brigade rejoined the
division and corps at Cedar Creek. In Novem-
ber, after the army of General Sheridan had
expelled the Confederate army from the valley,
the Sixth Corps was ordered Ijack to the army
in front of Petersbui'g, and arrived there on
the 5th of December, immediately after which
time the Forty-ninth went into winter-quarters
on the Weldon- Railroad. On the opening
of the final campaign of the war, in the spring
of 18(Jo, the regiment moved on the night of
April 1st, and on the morning of the 2d took
part in the grand assault which broke the Con-
federate line and caused the evacuation of Peters-
burg, the enemy retreating during the succeed-
ing night towards Danville. The Sixth Corps
pursued and overtook and fought the flying
Confederates at Sailor's Creek, routed them an<l
took seven thousand prisoners, including three
general officers. The Forty-ninth lost in that
action but slightly, — seven killed and wounded,
among whom was Lieutenant G. E. Hacken-
burg, of Company I. From this field the regi-
ment marched, in charge of prisoners, to Ap-
pomattox Court-House, where it arrived on the
day of the great surrender (April 9th). After
that decisive event it moved to Danville, Va.,
reaching there on the 27th, and remaining
until the 23d of May. The surrender of the
Confederate army under General Johnston, in
North Carolina, had ended the war, and the
Forty-ninth then turned liomeward, and, march-
ing through Richmond, arrived on the 2d of June
at the Wasiiington defenses, where it remained
until the 15th, when its history was closed by
muster out of the service.
Between September, 1861, and July 15, 1865,
the regiment was in the following battles,
viz. : Williamsburg, Garnetl's Hill, June 27,
1862; Golding's Farm, June 28th; Savage Sta-
tion, June 29th; Crampton's Gap, September
14th; Antietam, September 17th; Mud March,
Fredericksburg; Fairview, Va., May 3, 1863;
Salem Church, May 4, 1863; Gettysijurg, July
2d-3d; Rappahannock Station, Xovember 7,
1863; Mine Run, November 26th-28th ; Ger-
mania Plank-Road, May 3, 1864; Spottsylvania
Court-house, May 7tli to 14th; Cold Harbor,
June 1st; Winchester, September 19, 1864;
Sailor's Creek, April 3, 1865. Of nearly one
thousand men who went out with it, three hun-
dred and eighty were killed or wounded.
At the reunion of this regiment in 1880 the
following veterans — a very full representation —
were present :
John Arbogast (lieutenant), .1. L. Barton, .Tames 51.
Bryner, D. C. Beck (Buflalo Run), W. H. Bratton
(lieutenant), S. B. Bartley, A. A. Boyer, Wm. Beaver
(Reedsville), Isaac Bobb, Jacob Barto, D. Bassert (Port
Roy.ili, S. Bickcl, F. JI. Coulter (McVeytown), C.
Corbin, H. G. Close, R. W. Campbell (Acadcmia),
James Coder (Acaderaia), ,T. H. Clinsrer (lieutenant),
C. Dale (Bellefonte), C. C. De Witt, R. R. Davison,
232
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
D. Delancy, B. M. Davis, George W. Dixon, S. F.
Endslow (lieutenant), D. A. Esterline, H. C. Eitep,
S. Ewing, J. L. Ferguson, W. E. Ferguson, Saml. T.
Fraine, Wm. H. Foltz, Cliarles Foltz, W. H. Glass.
A. C. Greenland, Geo. Goss, Adam Grier, J. Gal-
braith, E. Gearhart, A. Harshberger, J. D. Howell,
John Hohn, S. Hunt, D. B. Hoffman, J. L. Harper,
J. L. Hill, W. H. Irwin, E. W. H. Kreider, M. H.
Kenyon, E. Leviugstone, C. B. McClenahen, Abram
Milliken, James Milliken, John B. Miller, B. G. Mc-
Lanahan, H. B. Minnechan, Wm. MeAlevy, John
G. McCord, John B. Morgan, James McCurdy, G.
McCormick, David M.achamer, Matthias Ncice, T. J.
Oves, Wm. Owens, David P. Peck, Saml. Patterson,
J. N. Patterson, J. P, Patterson, J. H. Patton, Isaac
Precht, O. S. Rumbarger, I. Newton Eitner, D. N.
Reynolds, A. Raymond, John C. Eoss, James T.
Stuart, Benj. H. Sweeney, Wm. Sherwood, Wm.
Singer, Charles Smith, Wm. Showers, J. M. Swails,
J. A. Shoemaker, S. C. Steiner, W. Spigelmoyer,
W. J. Shirk, John Stumpff, Wm. Shoupe, Robert
D. Taylor, Henry Taylor, Thomas Toot, C. H. Wil-
son, Anthony White, A. J. Williamson, S. Wildman,
John M. Wimer, E. A. Work, S. B. Weber, .G. W.
Wills, Calvin T. Walker, T. M. Williamson, G. M.
Wakefield.
Thomas Marcus Hulings, colonel of the
Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry
Regiment, and a de.scendant of that Marcus
Hulings who settled at the mouth of Juniata
Iviver in 17-54, was a son of David and Maria
(Patton) Hulings, and was born atLevvistown on
tlie 6th of February, 1835. He was educated a
lawyer, and admitted to practice in IVIifflin
County.
On the breaking out of the War of the Re-
bellion, and the call of the President for troops
to suppress it, he pi'omptly entered the United
States service as first lieutenant of the famed
Logan Guards, the first company that reached
the national capital for its defense, and which
served out its three months' term of enlistment
at the city, and at Fort Washington, fourteen
miles below, on the Potomac.
At the close of the three months' term Lieu-
tenant Hulings returned with the company to
Lewistown, and on the 14th of September was
appointed major of the Forty-ninth Regiment,
tlien being organized. With that regiment he
left Penn.sylvania Se])tember 22d and took part
in tlic Peninsula campaign under General Mc-
Clellan, in General W. S. Hancock's brigade of
General W. F. Smith's division. Major Hulings
was first under fire in a heavy skirmish by
Smith's division at Young's Mill, Va., in April
1862, and on that occasion exhibited the same
bravery and steadiness which distinguished him
in his later engagements. In the battle of Wil-
liamsburg (May 5, 1862) he, with his regiment,
participated in the charge on the right, which
was the commencement of Hancock's fame. In
the "Seven Day.s' Fight" Major Hulings took
a gallant part in the action.s at Golding's Farm,
Savage Station and White Oak Swamp. Of
his conduct in that series of battles. Colonel
Irwin .said of him that he "displayed through-
out those terrible seven days the same cool bra-
very and resolution M^hich, on all occasions of
danger, distinguished him." In Augu.st, 1862,
he served with his regiment in the Army of
Virginia, under General Pope, in the campaign
of Cedar Mountain and Second Bull Run, and
afterwards, rejoining the Army of the Potomac,
fought at Crampton's Gap, and in the great
battle of Antietam, September 17th, in which
last-named engagement his horse was shot un-
der him. In the following month he was pro-
moted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the regi-
ment. At Fredericksburg, Va., April 29, 1863,
his command was ordered to cross the river and
storm tlie line of rifle-pits on the southern shore,
and this duty was heroically performed by Col-
onel Hulings, who was the first man to land
from the boats — the enemy's artillery and mus-
ketry meanwhile pouring in a most destructive
fire. In this crossing and assault Colonel Irwin
was severely wounded, and Colonel Hulings then
succeeded to the command of the regiment,
which he afterwards led gallantly in tiie great
battle of Gettysburg, on the 2d and 3d of July
following. At Rappahannock Station he led
the regiment in a charge, carrying the enemy's
works and capturing more prisoners than he
had men in his command. In October follow-
ing. Colonel Irwin was compelled to resign on
account of the wound he received at Fredericks-
burg, and thereupon Lieutenant-Colonel Hulings
was promoted to colonel. " He is a brave and
faithful officer, and has been twice recommended
by myself for brevets, for good conduct in ac-
tion," said General Hancock.
The campaign of the \^'i]derness was a final
THE WAR FOR THE UNIO-V.
233
anil fatal one for Colonel Hillings. Crossing the
Rapidun with the army on the 4t!i of May,
1864, he fonght with his usual gallantry in the
terrible engageineuts of the 5th and 6th and
came out unhurt. On the lOtii the brigade to
which his regiment was attached was ordered
to assault the strong works of the enemy before
Spottsylvania, and they rushed forward, under
a devastating fire of musketry and artillery,
charging the Confederates with desperation, and
coming to a hand-to-hand fight with clubbed
muskets. The enemy had been driven from his
works, and several artillery pieces captured,
when Colonel Hidings received orders to with-
draw his command to its previous position; but
hardly had he begun to execute the movement,
when the enemy, perceiving it, advanced in force
to recover the works, firing as they rushed for-
ward. At this moment, while Colonel Hulings
stood with his hand on one of the captured guns,
cool, collected and giving orders to his retiring
men, he was struck in the head by a musket-
ball, and fell dead inside the fort.
Rev. William Earnshaw, chaplain of the
Forty-ninth, was one of the most popular
chaplains in the army, was revered by the sol-
diers of the regiment and widely and well known
ihrongh Central Pennsylvania. He died July 17,
1885, aged fifty-seven years, seven months, at the
Soldiers' Honre, Dayton, Ohio, of which he had
been chaplain from its establishment. He was
a native of Pennsylvania, and at the opening of
the war was pastor of the Methodist Church at
Shippensburg, in that State. On the 16th of
April, 1861, he enlisted in the army as a private,
enlisting in the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Vol-
unteers. Shortly thereafter he was made chap-
lain of the regiment, and served in the Army
of the Potomac until the battle of Gettysburg,
and thereafter under General Thomas in the
Army of the Cumberland until the close of the
war. He was present at nineteen battles, and
was thoroughly fearless and devoted to the
Union and its soldiers. General Thomas, ap-
preciating the qualities of the chaplain, made
liim superintendent of the cemeteries at Stone
River and Nashville. He was afterward ap-
pointed to select and jiurchase the cemeteries at
Fort Dcuelson, Shiloh, Corinth and Memphis.
Into these burying-grounds he gathered the re-
mains of twenty-two thousand soldiers, ex-
periencing in the work many difficulties and
dangers. When the Soldiers' Home was es-
tablished at Dayton, Ohio, there were many
applicants for the place, but again his friend.
General Thomas, secured his appointment. It
is said that of all the applicants Chaplain Earn-
shaw's was the only one that made no incpiiry
as to salary or perquisites. A more unselfish
man never lived. It was his meat and drink to
do good to humanity, and especially to the sol-
diers. Of distinguished personal appearance,
he had more the bearing of a warrior than a
minister. Though dignified, he was not re-
served, and his cordial manners made him be-
loved alike by the invalid veterans and the most
distinguished men of the nation. It was re-
markable how many men of prominence he
knew, and intimately. Gallant, graceful and
entertaining, he was by common consent the es-
cort of all distinguished visitors to the Home.
He was a tireless worker. Toward the latter
part of his service he attended upon an average
one funeral per day, and went through around
of other solemn and yet happy duties which
^vould have broken down a man of ortlinarv
constitution. His death was brought about
from the inhalation of gases arising from an
accidental fire, which he was endeavoring to ex-
tinguish.
Following are rosters of the Mifflin and
Juniata County companies of the Forty-ninth
Regiment:
Company A, Perry Couxty.— The follow-
ing men served iu Comjiany A, Forty-ninth
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteei^s :
Ernest S. David, corporal, mustered in September IG,
1861, three years; residence, Millerstown; trans-
ferred to Company I January 11, 1803; promoted
to corporal June G, 18G-1; mustered out October
24, 1864, expiration of term.
William Attig, private, mustered in September 16,
1861, three years; residence, Millerstown; died
from wounds received in action November 7, 1863.
Samuel McClenehan, private, mustered in August 15,
1861, three years; residence, Millerstown ; trans-
ferred from Company H January 11, 18G3; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate January 30, 1863.
John P. Patterson, private, mustered in September
234
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
16, 1861, three j'ears ; residence, Millerstown ;
transferred from Company I January 11, 1863;
wounded in action November 7, 1863 ; discharged
on surgeon's certifieate July 18, 1864.
Jacob R. Riinyan, private, mustered in September 16,
1861, three years; residence, Millerstown ; trans-
ferred from Company I January 11, 1863; wound-
ed at Spottsylvania May 10, 1864; absent at
muster out ; veteran.
Company E, IMifflix Coi-nty. — Tlii.s com-
pany was recruited in Lewistown, Mifflin County.
The following is a list of its officers and men :
H. A. Zollinger, captain, mustered in July 31, 1861,
three years; resigned July 24, 18oi2.
A. W. Wakefield, captain, mustered in August 6,
1861, three years; promoted from first lieutenant
to captain August 12, 1862; transferred to Com-
pany A January 11, 1863.
F. W. Wombacker, captain, mustered in September
10,1861, three years; promoted from first lieu-
tenant Company C to captain March 16, 1864; to
brevet-major August 1, 1864 ; to brevet lieutenant-
colonel April 6, 1865 ; wounded at Spottsylvania
Court-House May 12, 1864; mustered out with
company July 15, 1865.
Benj. H. Downing, first lieutenant, mustered in
August 15, 1861, three year-; promoted from
second lieutenant Company D to first lieutenant
March 16, 1864 ; mustered out February 28, 1865,
expiration of term.
L. H. Pinkerton, first lieutenant, mustered in August
15, 1861, three years; transferred from Company
B December 4, 1863 ; promoted from sergeant to
first sergeant July 2, 1864; to second lieutenant
December 16, 1864; to first lieutenant April 16,
1865; discharged bySpeci.al Order June 15, 1865.
Edwin E. Zigler, second lieutenant, mustered in
August 15, 1861, three years ; resigned November
26, 1861.
John Hancock, second lieutenant, mustered in No-
vember 29, 1861, three years; promoted to captain
and assistant adjutant-general February 3, 1862.
Erskine D. Smith, second lieutenant, mustered in
August 15, 1861, three years ; promoted from first
sergeant Company K to sergeant-major Decem-
ber 21, 1861; to second lieutenant March 10,
1862; to first lieutenant and adjutant April 1
1862.
James Chambers, second lieutenant, mustered in
August 15, 1861, three years ; promoted from ser-
geant to second lieutenant August 5, 1862 ; re-
signed September 30, 1862.
Jas. P. McClelland, second lieutenant, mustered in
August 15, 1861, three years; promoted from ser-
geant Company K to second lieutenant Decem-
ber 1, 1863; mustered out September 9, 1864,
expiration of term.
Geo. W. McCafFerty, first sergeant, mustered in Sep-
tember 7, 1861, three years ; transferred from Com-
pany F December 4, 1863 ; promoted to sergeant
May 12, 1864; to first sergeant May 12, 1865;
commissioned first lieutenant July 14, 1865; not
mustered ; mustered out with company July 15,
1865 ; veteran.
John D. Gillespie, first sergeant, mustered in August
15, 1861, three years ; transferred from Company
B December 4, 1863 ; promoted from corporal to
sergeant May 12, 1864; to first sergeant Decem-
ber 15, 1864; died May 12, 1865, of wounds re-
ceived in action; buried in National Cemetery,
Arlington, Va.
Joseph W.Wallace, first sergeant, mustered in Septem-
ber 9, 1861, three years; promoted from sergeant
to first sergeant March 3, 1862; transferred from
Company F December 4, 1863 ; promoted to first
lieutenant, Company H July 1, 1864.
David A. Johns, sergeant, mustered in September 16,
1861, three years ; transferred from Company I
December 4, 1863; promoted from corporal to
sergeant November 1, 1864 ; commissioned sec-
ond lieutenant July 14, 1865; not mustered!
mustered out with company July 15, 1865; vet-
eran.
James S. Given, sergeant, mustered in August 17,
1863, three years ; drafted ; promoted to corporal
August 2, 1864 ; to sergeant December 15, 1864 :
mustered out with company July 15, 1865.
Samuel P. Bright, sergeant, mustered in October 18,
1863, three years ; drafted ; promoted to corporal
May, 12, 1864; to sergeant May 12, 1865; mus-
tered out with company July 15, 1865.
Martin Lewis, sergeant, mustered in August 22, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; promoted' to corporal No-
vember 1, 1864; to sergeant June 23, 1865; mus-
tered out with company July 15, 1865.
Thomas McClelland, sergeant, mustered in September
3, 1861, three years ; promoted to corporal Janu-
ary 1, 1862 ; to sergeant September 1, 1862 ; trans-
ferred from Company I December 4, 1863.
Moses R. Starkey, sergeant, mustered in September
9, 1861, three years; promoted from corporal to
sergeant August 30, 1862; transferred from Com-
pany F December 4, 1863 ; killed at Spottsylvania
Court-House May 10, 1864.
Russell Weston, sergeant, mustered in September 25,
1863, three years ; drafted ; discharged by Gene-
ral Order June 23, 1865.
Charles S. Whiting, sergeant, mustered in September
26, 1861, three years ; transferred from Company F
December 4, 1863 ; promoted fronr corporal to
sergeant July 2, 1864; to quartermaster-sergeant
November 1, 1864.
John W. Holmes, sergeant, mustered in September,
1861. three years ; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate December 31, 1861.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
235
John H. Kohn, corporal, mustered in November 30,
1863, three years; substitute; promoted to cor-
poral July 2, 18G4; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
John Douse, corporal, mustered in June 18, 1864,
three years ; substitute ; promoted to corporal
September 19, 1864; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
D.iniel Kephart, corporal, mustered in August 22,
1863, three years ; drafted ; promoted to corporal
September 19, 1864; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Henry Eichter, corporal, mustered in August 24, 1863,
three years ; drafted; promoted to corporal De-
cember 15, 1864; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Alfred Dobson, corporal, mustered in November 4,
1863, three years ; drafted; promoted to corporal,
January 14, 1865 ; mustered out with company,
July 15. 1865.
Lemuel Evans, corporal, mustered in June 4, 1864,
three years ; drafted ; jjromoted to corporal May
12,1865; mustered out with company July 15,
1865.
Josiah Friday, corporal, mustered in June 4, 1864,
three years ; drafted ; promoted to corporal June
15, 1865 ; mustered out with company July 15,
1865.
William C. Miller, corporal, mustered in Jane 4,
1864, three years ; drafted ; promoted to corporal
June 23, 1865 ; mustered out with company July
15,1865.
Andrew J. Naylor, corporal, mustered in August 15
1861 ; three years ; transferred from Company B
December 4, 1863; killed at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 10, 1864.
Francis J. Phelps, corporal, mustered in September 10,
1861, three years; promoted to corporal October
1, 1862; transferred from Company B December
4, 1863; killed at Wilderness May 5, 1865.
Detrick Foltz, corporal, mustered in November 18,
1863, three. years ; drafted; killed at Petersburg,
Va.. April 6, 1865.
Joseph P. Henry, corporal, mustered in November
18, 1863, three years; promoted to corporal April
1, 1862 ; transferred from Company F December
4, 1863 ; mustered out January 14, 1865, expira-
tion of term.
William A. Haight, corporal, mustered in July 19,
1864, three years ; substitute ; discharged by Gen-
eral Order June 15, 1865.
Michael McLaughlin, corporal, mustered in August
19, 1861, three years; transferred from Company
A December 4, 1863 ; mustered out September 9,
1864, expiration of term.
Jacob Aller, i)rivate, mustered in August 29, 1863,
three years ; drafted.
Isaac Barns, private, mustered iu August 22, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
Luther Bennett, private, mustered in September 23
1863, three years ; drafted; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
John G. Blair, private, mustered in October 28, 1863,
three years; substitute; captured; died at
Andersonville, Ga., September 3, 1864, grave
7747.
Frederick Buealman, private, mustered in June 2,
1864, three years ; drafted ; discharged on sur-
geon's certificate June 19, 1865.
George Crouse, private, mustered in August 22, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
David Clossin, private, mustered in August 22, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Samuel Clossin, private, mustered in June 2, 1864,
three years; drafted ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
William Cartvvright, private, mustered in August 22,
1863, three years; drafted; mustered out with
company July 15, 1865.
Bernard Connelly, private, mustered in June 2,
1864, three years ; substitute ; mustered out with
company July 15. 1865.
John Custer, private, mustered in June 2, 1864, three
years; drafted; mustered out with company July
15, 1865.
Philip J. Cornman, private, mustered in July 5, 1864,
three years ; drafted ; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
William Cochlin, private, mustered in July 20, 1864,
three years ; substitute ; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
William Carbaugh, private, mustered in November
30, 1863, three years ; drafted ; absent, sick, at
muster out.
Henry D. Chappell, private, mustered in November
14, 1863, three years ; substitute ; absent, sick, at
muster out.
Andrew Chambers, private, mustered in June 4, 1864,
three years; drafted; discharged by General
Order July 7, 1865.
Jacob Coleman, private, mustered in June 2, 1864,
three years ; drafted ; killed in action September
19, 1864.
Jacob Cliuger, private, mustered in December 1,
1863, three years ; drafted ; killed at Spottsylvania
Court-House May 12, 1864.
Robert C. Carpenter, private, mustered in September
25, 1863, three years ; drafted,
John Chase, private, mustered in December 1, 1863,
three years ; substitute.
Nathan Cooper, private, mustered in January 4, 1864,
three years; drafted; discharged by Special
Order December 14, 1864.
236
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
John Carter, private, muslered ill December 1, 18(53,
three years; drafted; discharged on surgeon's
certificate March 15, 1864.
David Davis, private, mustered in August 22, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; discharged by General
Order August 9, 18Go.
Tobias Darr, private, mustered in December 1, 1883,
three years; drafted; died September 19, 1864, of
wound.:! received in action.
Michael Dougherty, private, mustered in .July 19,
18(.)4, three years ; substitute ; died April 8, 186.5,
of wounds received in action.
Elias Dengler, private, mustered in June 9, 1864,
three years; drafted; died at Philadelphia, Pa.,
June 1, 1864.
G. W. Eichelberger, private, mustered in June 4,
1864, three years; drafted; mustertd out with
company July 15, 1865.
Tliomas B. Elfrey, private, mustered in September 3,
1861, three years ; transferred as sergeant from
Company F December 4, 1863; mustered out
with company July 15, 1865; veteran.
Samuel C. Ebright, private, mustered in June 9,
1864, three years ; drafted ; died November 25,
1 864 ; buried in National Cemetery, Winchester,
Va., lot 9.
Henry Fauste, private, mustered in June 2. 1864,
three years ; drafted ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
John Fonner, private, mustered in November 13,
1863, three years; substitute; mustered cut with
company July 15, 1865.
Jacob G. Fink, private, mustered in December 1,
1863, three years; drafted ; absent, sick, at mu.ster
out.
William Fay, private, mustered in August 22, 1863,
three years ; dralted ; killed at Spottsylvania
Court-House May 12, 1864.
R )bert C. Fuller, private, mustered in November 4,
1863, three years; substitute.
Harrison Frazier, private, mustered in August 22,
1863, three years ; drafted.
John Frick, private, mustered in November 16, 1863,
three years ; drafted.
Elisha D. Fisher, private, mustered in October 9,
1863, three years ; drafted.
Jes-*e J. Flaherty, private, mustered in June 22, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
Wesley Flaherty, private, mustered in June 22,
1864, three years; substitute.
Samuel J. Gibson, private, mustered in August 22,
1863, three years ; drafted ; absent, sick, at
muster out.
Daniel M. Griffith, private, mustered in June 4, 1864,
three years ; drafted ; absent, sick, at muster
out.
William Gallagher, private, mustered in September
15, 1861, three years ; died February 25, 1862.
James Gil lard, private, mustered in September 15,
1861, three years.
Henry Harber, private, mustered in October 1, 1863,
three years ; substitute ; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
Samuel P. Hartman, private, mustered in November
5, 1863, three years; drafted; mustered out with
company July 15, 1865.
Henry Hege, private, mustered in May 30, 1864, three
years; drafted; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Samuel Horubaker, private, mustered in August 28,
1863, three years; drafted; killed at-Spottsylvania
Court-House May 12, 1864.
George P. Hortman, private, mustered in June 5,
1864, three years; drafted; died December 80,
1864.
Levi Heiniback, private, mustered in November 4,
1863, three years ; drafted; missing inaction at
Spottsylvania Court-House May 10. 1864.
Louis Haller, private, mustered in June 18, 1864,
three years ; substitute; discharged on surgeon's,
certificate, date unknown.
John Hester, private, mustered in July 15, 1864,
three years ; drafted ; died September 30, 1864, of
wounds received in action ; buried in National
Cemetery, Winchester, Va., lot 18.
Joseph Harris, private, mustered in .July 15, 1864, three
years; substitute; died June 29, 1864, of wounds
received in action.
John Hackenberry, private, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's
certificate January 10, 1862.
James M. Herlacher, private, mustered in September
19, 1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's
certificate April 21, 18S2.
Joseph Hutchinson, private, mustered in September,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate Septeml)er 16, 1861.
Charles Johnson, private, mustered in June 21, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
Henry Jones, private, mustered in November 6, 1833,
three years ; transferred to United States navy
April 8, 1864.
Michael Kifer, private, mustered in .June 2, 1864,
three years ; drafted ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Alfred A. Kline, private, mustered in August 29, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; killed at Wilderness May
5, 1864.
James Kasey, private, mustered in August 22, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; discharged on surgeon's
certificate January 24, 1864.
John I"k!elly, private, mustered in July 15, 1864, three
years ; substitute ; died May 6, 1865 ; buried in
National Cemetery, Arlington.
David Lows, private, mustered in November 6, 1863,
three years; substitute; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
THE AVAR FOR THE UNION.
237
Hunry Leidick, private, mustered in June 3, 1864,
three years ; drafted ; mustered out with compauy
July 15, 1865.
David Lyberger, private, mustered in June 4, 18(54,
three years ; drafted ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Benjamin Low, private, mustered in February 14,
1865, one year; mustered out with company July
15, 1865.
Peter Low, private, mustered in Feljruary 14, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with comjiany July 15,
L6i.
George W. Lewis, private, mustered in August 24,
1863, three years ; draited ; absent, sick, at must-
er out.
James Langham, private, mustered in August 22,
1863, three years ; draited ; discharged by General
Order July 15, 1865.
Andrew Lee, private, mustered in June 23, 18G4, three
years ; substitute ; absent at muster out.
James Leech, private, mustered iu November 30,
1863, three years ; draited ; taj.turtd ; died at
Andersonville, Ga., August 23, 1864. grave 6636.
Eaj)hael Lodgsdon, private, mustered in November
2, 1863, three years; substitute.
David H. Matthias, private, mustered in August 29,
1863, three years; drafted; mustered out with
company July 15, 1865.
George C. Mellis, private, mustered in August 3,
1863, three years ; drafted ; mustered out with
company July 15, 1865.
James D. Miller, private, mustered in February 14,
1865, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15,1865.
Jamds Mountain, private, mustered in August 22,
1863, three years; drafted ; absent, sick, at
muster out.
James Miller, private, mustered in July 19, 18(54,
three years; substitute; absent, sick, at muster
out.
Gideon Myers, private, mustered in June 3, 18(54,
three years ; substitute ; discharged by General
Order July 15, 1865.
William Millhouse, private, mustered in August 22,
1863, three years; drafted; killed at Spottsvl-
vania May 12, 1864.
John Mull, private, mustered in November 9, 1863,
three years ; substitute ; died Decembers, 1864, of
wounds received in action.
Nathan MillhofT, private, mustered in November 0,
1863, three years; substitute; died at Philadelphia,
Pa., June 17, 1864.
Francis Marvin, private, mustered in August 22, 181)3,
three years ; substitute.
William Mooney, private, mustered in September 19,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certifl-
CHte June 17, 1862.
William McColm, private, mustered in June 15, 1863,
three years; drafted; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
George C. McCunnell, private, mustered in December
1, 181)3, three years; substitute; absent, sick, at
muster out.
Patrick Mcintosh, private, mustered in August 22,
1863, three years ; drafted ; killed in action Sip-
tember 19, 1864.
Thomas J. McDermott, private, mustered in August
22, 1863, three years ; drafted ; died September
8, 1864, of wounds received in action ; buried in
United States General Hospital Cemetery, An-
napolis, Md.
Thomas F. McKee, private, mustered in September,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeou's ceriih-
cate December 17, 1861.
James McNamnny, private, mustered in September,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's ceriiti-
cate April 21, 1862.
Isaac Noy, private, mustered in June 5, 1864, three
years ; drafted ; mustered out with company July
15, 1865.
James H. Nipple, private, mustered in September,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certif-
cate December 17, 1861.
Hugh O'Connor, j)rivate, mustered in August 22.
1863, three years; drafted; captured; died at
Andersonville, Ga., July 11, 1864, grave 3861.
August Prunk, private, mustered in June 2, 1864,
three years ; substitute ; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
John C. Peifter, private, mustered in June 4, 1864,
three years ; drafted ; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
Robert F. Ramsey, private, mustered in August 29,
1863, three years; drafted; mustered out with
company July 15, 1865.
George Ritzier, private, mustered in July 18,1854.
three years ; substitute ; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
Augustus Rhine, private, mustered in December 1,
1863, three years ; substitute ; absent, in hospital,
at muster out.
George A. Rudy, private, mustered in November 16,
1863, three years ; drafted.
Alexander Ray, private, mustered in October 18,
1863, three years; drafted; discharged by Special
Order February 27, 1864.
Gideon Rhodermal, private, mustered in October 23.
1863, three years; drafted; discharged by Special
Order January 20, 1865.
Peter S. Rhine, private, mustered in November 4,
1863, three years; drafted; discharged on sur-
geou's certificate April 8, 1865.
John A. Ross, private, mustered in September,
1861, three years ; died March 16, 1862.
William F. Shifier, private, mustered in October IS,
1863, three years; drafted; mustered out with
compauy July 15, 1865.
233
JUNIATA AXD SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Charles T. Sweeny, private, mustered in September
3, 1861, three years ; transferred from Company F
December 4, 1863; mustered out with company
July 15, 1866 ; veteran.
Samuel W. Salkeld, private, mustered in June 4
1864; drafted; mustered out with company July
15, 1865.
Kobert S. Stradley, private, mustered in August 17,
1863, three years; draited; absent, in hospital, at
muster out.
John Swearer, private, mustered in June 25, 1864.
three years; drafted ; absent, in hospital, at mus-
ter out.
Isaac Strope, private, mustered in September 23,
1863, three years ; draited ; absent at muster out.
John Steffin, private, mustered in November 6, 1863,
three years; substitute; died May 26, 1865;
buried in National Cemetery, Arlington.
Jacob Stauling, private, mustered in November 4,
1863, three years; drafted; died July 4, 1864.
Earnest L. fetarklofF, piivate, mustered in November
6, 1863, three years; substitute; translerred to
United States navy April 8, 1864.
John E. Thompson, private, mustered in November
16, 1863, three yiars; draited.
Franklin Thomas, private, mustered in November 4,
1863, three years ; drafted.
Benjamin Whitfield, private, mustered in June 4,
1864, three years; draittd; mustered out with
company July 15, 1865.
E;)bridm Whitfield, private, mustered in June 4,
1864, three years ; drafted ; mustered out with
company July 15, 1865.
Rudolph Willmore, private, mustered in November
80, 1863, three years ; drafted ; mustered cut with
company July 15, 1865.
Jonathan Wetzel, private, mustered in November 4,
1863, three years; drafted; killed at Spottsyl-
vania Court-House May 12, 1864.
Frederick J. Wilt, private, mustered in August 22,
1863, three years; draited; died Septembtr 8,
1864.
William Wolford, private, mustered in July 19, 1864,
three years; drafted; died October 27, 1864.
Jonathan Weiser, private, mustered in November 4,
1863, three years; drafted; discharged by Gen-
eral Order June 6, 1865.
Conrad Wolford, private, mustered in June 12, 1864,
three years ; drafted ; discharged by General
Order June 24, 1865.
Theodore Waream, private, mustered in September,
1861, three years ; died February 17, 1862.
Thomas A. Wilson, private, mustered in September
1, 1861, three years.
John Yohn, private, mustered in August 20, 1863,
three years; drafted; absent, in hospital, at
muster out.
John W. Yocum, private, mustered in November 30,
1853, three years; substitute.
Company H, Mifflin County. — Tliis
company was recruited at Milroy, Mifflin
County. The following is a list of its officers
and men :
Ralph L. Maclay, captain, mustered in August 15,
1861, three years; resigned July 12, 1862.
John Cox, captain, mustered in August 15, 1861,
three years; promoted from second lieutenant to
captain July 12, 1862; diccharged Nov. 19, 1863.
Edward T. Swain, captain, mustered in August 19,
1861, three years; promoted from sergeant to
first sergeant December 23, 1861 ; to second lieu-
tenant August 7, 1862; to first lieutenant Sep-
tember 6, 1862 ; transferred from Company K
and promoted to captain February 25, 1864;
mustered out October 31, 1864, expiration of
term.
O. S. Rumberger, captain, mustered in August 31,
1831, three years ; transferred to Company B
January 11, 1863; transferred from Company B
and promoted to corporal February 28, 1864; to
first sergeant June 16, 1864; to second lieutenant
July 25, 1864; to first lieutenant April 16, 1865;
to captain April 19, 1865; discharged by Special
Order June 14. 1865 ; veteran.
William G. Mitchell, first lieutenant, mustered in
August 15, 1861, three years; promoted to major
June 25, 1863, and appointed aid-de-camp on
stafl'of General Hancock.
Decatur H. Lytle, first lieutenant, mustered in Sep-
tember 9, 1861, three years; promoted from ser-
geant Company C to first lieutenant March 4,
1864; killed at Spottsylvania May 10, 1864.
Joseph W. Wallace, tirsi lieutenant, mustered in Sep-
tember 9, 1861, three years; promoted from ser-
geant to first sergeant March 3, 1862; transferred
to Company E December 4, 1863 ; transferred
from Company E and promoted to first lieuten-
ant July 1, 1864; killed in action September 19,
1864; veteran.
Josiah L. Barton, first lieutenant, mustered in Sep-
tember 9, 1861, three years; transferred irom
Company F; commissioned captain November 1,
1864; not mustered out; discharged by Special
Order March 12, 1865.
Stephen Transue, first lieutenant, mustered in August
21, 1861, three years ; promoted irom sergeant-
major to first lieutenant April 20, 1865 ; mus-
tered out with company July 15, 1865; veteran.
Abraham T. Hiliands, second lieutenant, mustered in
August 1, 1861, three years; transferred to Com-
pany A January 11, 1863.
Samuel Diven, first sergeant, mustered in February
28, 1864, three years; promoted to corporal July
1, 1864 ; to sergeant September 19, 1864 ; to first
sergeant November 1, 1864; commissioned second
lieutenant July 14, 1865 ; not mustered ; mus-
tered out with company July 15, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
239
L)aiiiel T. Rhoads, tirst sergeant, mustered in Sep-
tember 7, 18G1, three years ; promoted from
corporal to first sergeant; transferred to Company
E February 28, 181)4 ; promoted to second lieu-
tenant Company I June 10, 1804.
Mariin S. Wetzel, first sergeant, mustered in Septem-
ber 13, 1801, three years ; promoted to corporal
September 9, 1801 ; to sergeant September 8,
1802; transferred from Company I February 28,
1864 ; promoted to first sergeant July 23,1864;
mustered out October 23, 1864, expiration of
term.
Edward King, sergeant, mustered in August 23, 1803,
three years; di'afted ; promoted to corporal July
1, 1804; to sergeant October 24, 1804; mustered
out with company July 15, 1865.
Plummer Williams, sergeant, mustered in August 13,
1863, three years ; drafted ; promoted to corporal
August 1, 1804; to sergeant January 1, 1805;
mustered out with company July 15, 1805.
Simon Davor, sergeant, mustered in August 28, 1803,
three years; drafted; promoted to corporal
October 1, 1864 ; to sergeant May 1, 1805 ; mus-
tered out with company July 15, 1805.
George A. Taylor, sergeant, mustered in February 24,
1804, three years ; promoted to corporal October
1, 1804; to sergeant Juue 1, 1805 ; mustered out
with company July 15, 1805.
John J. Strausser, sergeant, mustered in August 14,
1861, three years ; transferred from Company E
February 29, 1804 ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 10, 1804 ; veteran.
John P. Gillespie, sergeant, mustered in August 15,
1861, three years ; transferred from Company B
February 28, 1804 ; mustered out October 23,
18(i4, expiration of term.
William M. Sharer, sergeant, mustered in August 23,
1863, three years; drafted ; promoted to corporal
October 23, 1804 ; to sergeant December 12,
1804 ; discharged by General Order May 30,
1865.
Henry Barger, sergeant, mustered in August 29,
1801, three years ; died Juue 17, 1862.
D.miel M. Kreider, corporal, mustered in February
18. 1804, three years ; promoted to corporal Jan-
uary 1, 1865 ; mustered out with company July
15, 1805; veteran.
Samuel A. Johns, corporal, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; promoted to corporal January
1, 1805 ; mustered out with company July 15,
1805.
Henry Fetterolf, corporal, mustered in February 25,
1804, three years ; promoted to corporal May 1,
1805 ; mustered out with company December 15,
1805.
Samuel Smith, corporal, mustered in August 2, 1863,
three years; drafted; promoted to corjioral May
1, 18J5; mustered out with company July 15,
1865.
Samuel Miller, corporal, mustered in February 9,
18(>4, three years ; promoted to corporal June 1,
1865 ; mustered out with company July 15, 1865.
William 11. .Jackson, corporal, mustered in June 18,
1804, three years ; substitute ; promoted to cor-
poral June 1, 1805; mustered out with company
July 15, 1805.
Simon H. Gunter, corporal, mustered in August 18,
1861, three years ; transferred from Company K
to Company B January 11, 1803; tratslcrrtd
from Company B and promoted to corporal Feb-
ruary 28, 1864 ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 10, 1864; veteran.
Samuel Criner, corporal, mustered in June 17, 1804,
three years; substitute; promoted to corporal Jan-
uary 1, 1805 ; killed at Petersburg April 6, 1865.
Lewis Carter, corporal, mustered in August 18, 1861,
three years ; transferred from Company K to
Coiupany B Jauuary 11, 1863; transferred from
Company B and promoted to corporal February
18, 1864; died, date unknown, of wounds re-
ceived at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10,
1804 ; veteran.
George W. Sourbeer, corporal, mustered in August 24,
1863, three years ; drafted; promoted to corporal
June, 1804 ; discharged by General Order May 17,
1865.
David Shickey, corporal, mustered in November 5,
1803, three years ; drafted ; promoted to corporal
August 1, 1804 ; discharged by General Order
June 2, 1865.
Peter A. Bolin, corporal, mustered in Augu^it 24, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; promoted to corporal June
18, 1804 ; discharged by General Order June 6,
1865.
M. McFarland, corporal, mustered in September 16,
1801, three years ; promoted to corporal June 6,
1802 ; transferred from Company I February 28,
1804; mustered out October 31,1864, expiration
of term.
Thomas Avery, private, mustered in November 1,
1863, three years; drafted; discharged on sur-
geon's certificate September 15, 1804.
Abram Ashbridge, private, mmtered in August 30,
1801, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate April 12, 1802.
Daniel B. Beaver, private, mustered in August 17,
1803, three years ; drafted ; mustered out with
company July 15, 1865.
Abraham M. Bird, private, mustered in March 18,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company,
July 15, 1805.
John Brown, private, mustered in March 22, 1804,
three yeai-s ; wouuded at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 10, 1864 ; absent at muster out.
Andrew D. Brouse, private, mustered in February 18,
1864, three year? ; died November 19, 1864, of
wounds i-eceivtd in action September 19,1864;
240
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
buried in National Cemetery, Winclie^ter, Va.,
lot 17 ; veteran.
Patrick Ball, private, mustered in August 24, 18G3,
three years ; drafted ; captured ; died at Ander-
sonville, Ga., August 30, 1864, grave 7347.
John Ball, private, mustered in August 24, 1863, three
years; drafted; disi barged on surgeon's certiti-
cate March 24, 1865.
Dominick Brown, private, mustered in March 18, 18G4,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
May 17, 1865.
William H. Biddle, private, mustered in March 1,
1864, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certi-
ficate May 17, 1865.
Calvin Corbia, private, mustered in February 8, 1864,
three years ; drafted ; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
John Carroll, private, mustered in March 18, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July 15,
1865.
William Creed, private, mustered in March 25, 1864,
three years ; killed atSpottsylvaniaCourt-House
May 12, 1864.
William Carter, private, mustered in March 29, 1864,
three years ; died, date unknown, of wounds re-
ceived at Petersburg, Va., April 5, 1865.
John Culbertson, private, mui^tered in August 30,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certif.-
cate July 6, 1862.
R. Deft'endiffer, private, mustered in June 15, 1864,
tbree years; drafted; died September 21, 1864.
Joseph Dupont, private, mustered in June 24, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
James Ewing, private, mustered in February 16, 1864,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
January 16, 1865.
Jacob Erb, private, mustered in August .30, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
December 17, 1861.
Emanuel Fetrow, private, mustered in January 12,
1864, three years; drafted; mustered out with
company July 15, 1865.
John Faladen, private, mustered in February 26, 1864,
three years ; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 10, 1864.
Adam Fertig, private, mustered in February 19, 1864,
three years ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House
May 10, 1864.
William M. Gross, private ; discharged on surgeon's
certificate June 7, 1862.
Henry Hook, private, mustered in March 31, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July
15, 1865.
Francis Hoover, private, mustered in August 21,
18 j3, three years; drafted; mustered out with
company July 15, 1865.
^aron Hider, private, mustered August 21, 1863, three
years ; drafted ; mustered out with company July
15, 1865.
Henry Heisey, private, mustered in December 12,
1863, three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
John Hook, private, mustered in March 28, 1864,
three years ; died May 22, 1 864, of wounds re-
ceived at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10,
1864.
Bryson Hooper, private, mustered in May 30, 1864,
three years ; drafted ; died at Sandy Hook, Md.,
August 22, 1864.
Patrick Hennessey, private, mustered in March 24,
1864, three years ; captured ; died at Anderson-
ville, Ga., October 12, 1864, grave 10,804.
Charles Hagan, private, mustered in June 26, 1864,
three years ; subsiitute.
Samuel HuUer, private, mustered in September 25,
1863, three years ; substitute.
Emanuel Hughes, i)rivate, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years; promoted to corporal ; trans-
ferred Irom Company E February 28, 1864;
mustered out October 24, 1864, expiration of
term.
William H. Harpster, private, mustered in August
30, 1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate, date unknown.
John Jordon, private, mustered in August 15, 1863,
three years ; killed at Cold Harbcjr June 3, 1864.
Peter Johns, private, mustered in August 29, 186H
three years ; drafted.
Daniel Kinsman, private, mustered in April 5, 1864,
three years; mustered out with company July 15,
1864.
Henry Kemerer, private, mustered in December 19,
1833, three years; wounded at Wilderness May
5, 1864; absent at muster-out.
Isaac Keft'er, private, mustered in August 15, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; killed at Spottsylvania
Court-House May 10, 1864.
John Kilhood, private, mustered in March 18, 1864,
three years ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 10, 1864.
M. W. Kremer, private, mustered in June 17, 1864,
three years; drafted; died at Baltimore, Md.,
October 13, 1864.
Samuel King, jjrivate, mustered in August 10, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; discharged by General Or-
der May 30, 1865.
J. D. KaufTman, private, mustered in February 9,
1864, three years ; transferred to One Hundred
and Eighty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Vol-
unteers, date unknown.
William Kriner, private, mustered in August 15,
1864, three years ; drafted.
Edward Leonard, private, mustered in March 22,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
George W. Lenhart, private, mustered in August 25,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION'.
241
John Landis, private, mustered in February 25, 18G4,
three years; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 10, 186-1; absent, sick, at muster out.
Thomas E. Logue, private, mustered in August 16,
1863, three years ; dral'ted ; killed at Spottsylva-
nia Court-House May 10, 1864.
^Villiara Millhoff. jjrivate, mustered in June 16, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July 15,
1865.
Oliver Mull, private, mu.stered in June 30, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July 15,
1865.
Peter Mitchell, private, mustered in March 22, 1864,
three years ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House
May 12, 1864.
David Meghan, private, mustered in August 31, 1861,
three years; transferred from Company D February
28, 1864; mustered out April 15, 1865, expira-
tion of term.
Levi Miller, private, mustered in June 15, 1864, three
years; discharged on surgeon's certificate Janu-
ary 22, 1865.
Samuel Mills, private, three years ; killed in action
June 27, 1862.
J. A. McAnninch, private, mustered in June 23, 1864,
three years ; substitute ; died October 12, 1864 ;
buried in National Cemetery, Winchester, lot
17.
John McDonald, private, mustered in June 24, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
William Nail, private, mustered in June 15, 1864,
three years; drafted; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Andrew Nickerson, private, mustered in December 7,
1863, three years ; draited.
Joseph Noel, private, mustered in August 25, 1863,
three years ; drafted.
Thomas O'Donald, private, mustered in March 21,
1864, tliree years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
David Parson, private, mustered in March 20, 1864
three years ; drafted; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Geo. W. Eolland, private, mustered in June 28, 1864,
three years; substitute; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
Samuel C. Rhine, private, mustered in February 24,
1864, three years; wounded at Wilderness May
5, 1864; absent at muster out.
Geo. W. Rutherford, private, mustered in March 18,
1864, three years; killed at Cold Harbor June 4,
1864.
John Reigherd, private, mustered in December 7, 1863,
three years ; drafted.
Sam'l P. Seerber, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
James A. Shields, private, mustered in February 11,
16
1864, three years ; mustered out willi company
July 15, 1865.
John H. S.ixton, private, mustered in February 18,
18(>4, three years: mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
John Sipe, private, mustered in May 31, 1864, three
years ; drafted ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
V. W. Spiegleman, private, mustered in March 31,
1864, three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
John Shank, private, mustered in March 25, 1864,
three years; drafted; killed at Spottsylvania
Court-House May 10, 1864.
Henry Strough, private, mustered in February 12,
1864, three years ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 10, 1864.
Peter Shosraan, private, mustered in September 26,
1863, three years; died May 18, 1864, of wounds
received at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10,
1864; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington,
Va.
Jonathan Sowers, private, mustered in September 25,
1863, three years ; died, date unknown, of
wounds received in action September 19, 1864.
Daniel Snyder, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; captured ; died at Richmond,
Va., June 10, 1864.
John Shafer, private, mustered in June 25, 1864,
three years; substitute.
Porter Stake, private, mustered in March 30, 1864,
three years ; drafted.
Ira M. Shaver, private, mustered in August 15, 1863,
three years ; drafted.
Ethan A. Scott, private, mustered in October 11,
1863, three years ; drafted.
Nathaniel Stuter, private, three years ; missing in ac-
tion July 1, 1862.
William Taylor, private, mustered in May 30, 1864,
three years; drafted; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
Orange L. Thomas, private, mustered in June 22,
1864, three years ; substitute ; mustered out with
company July 15, 1865.
Samuel Thompson, private, mustered in September
25, 1863, three years ; drafted ; died at Balti-
more, Md., September 15, 1864.
James W. Ulrich, private, mustered in February 1!',
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
George W. Vaughn, private, mustered in May 30,
1864, three years ; drafted ; absent, sick, at mus-
ter out.
Andrew Wheeling, private, mustered in May 30, 1864,
three years ; drafted ; absent, on furlough, at
muster out.
Joseph H. Wagner, private, mustered in March 31,
1864, three years; died at Sandy Hook, Md.,
August 19, 1864.
242
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Michael Welsh, private, mustered in March 22, 1864,
three years ; drafted ; discharged by General
Order June 6, 1864.
Walle R. Wiggins, private, mustered in June 22,
1864, three years ; substitute ; discharged on
surgeon's certificate January 22, 1865.
George W. Wallace, private, mustered in June 23,
1864, three years ; substitute ; discharged by
General Order May 24, 1865.
Jacob Wians, private, mustered in August 30, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate,
date unknown.
William B. Young, private, mustered in August 15,
1863, three years; drafted.
Company I, Juniata County. — This
company was recruited in Juniata County. The
following is a list of its officers and men :
Calvin De Witt, captain, mustered in September 14,
18(il, three years; resigned January 18, 1863.
William P. Kephart, captain, mustered in September
14, 1861, three years ; promoted from first ser-
geant Company G to captain March 3, 1864 ;
killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10,
1864.
William H. Byers, captain, mustered in March 4,
1864, three years ; promoted from first lieutenant
to captain June 16, 1864; to brevet-major April
6, 1865 ; mustered out with company July 15,
1865.
E. M. BIcClelland, first lieutenant, mustered in Sep-
tember 3, 1861, three years; discharged March
18, 1862.
John M. Thompson, first lieutenant, mustered in Sep-
tember 3, 1861, three years; promoted from ser-
geant to second lieutenant October 24, 1862 ; to
first lieutenant November 19, 1862; to captain
Company A September 1, 1864.
G. E. Hackenberg, first lieutenant, mustered in
Marcli 10, 1864, three years ; promoted from sec-
ond to first lieutenant June 16, 1864; killed at
Petersburg, Va., April 6, 1865.
David A. Stahl, first lieutenant, mustered in Feb-
ruary 26, 1864, three years ; promoted from cor-
poral to first sergeant September 19, 1864 ; to
second lieutenant March 10, 1865 ; to first lieu-
tenant May 20, 1865 ; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
David B. Spanogle, second lieutenant, mustered in
September 3, 1861, three years; resigned March 4,
1862.
John Stewart, second lieutenant, mustered in Sep-
tember 3, 1861, three years; promoted from first
sergeant to second lieutenant March 21, 1862 ;
resigned October 22, 1862.
Campbell Tucker, second lieutenant, mustered in
October 26, 1862, three years; promoted from
first lieutenant Company D and transferred to
staff of General William F. Smith December 16,
1863.
Daniel T. Rhoads, second lieutenant, mustered in
September 7, 1861, three years; promoted from
first sergeant Company H to second lieutenant
June 18, 1864; mustered out February 1, 1865,
expiration of term.
William P. Courtney, first sergeant, mustered in Feb-
ruary 15, 1864, three years; promoted from ser-
geant to first sergeant March 10, 1865; commis-
sioned second lieutenant July 14, 1865 ; not mus-
tered ; mustered out with company July 15,
1865 ; veteran.
.John P. Grimer, first sergeant, mustered in February
26, 1864, three years ; killed at Spottsylvania
Court-House May 10, 1864; veteran.
Henry Weipert, first sergeant, mustered in February
26, 1864, three years; killed at Winchester, Va.,
September 19, 1864; buried in National Ceme-
tery, lot 9 ; veteran.
William Harman, sergeant, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; promoted from corporal to
sergeant June 30, 1864; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
Jairus Roush, sergeant, mustered in February 15,
1864, three years ; promoted from corporal to
sergeant November 30, 1864 ; mustered out with
company July 15, 1865 ; veteran.
Samuel Pontius, sergeant, mustered in February 15,
1864, three years ; promoted from corporal to
sergeant March 10, 1865 ; mustered out with
company July 15, 1865 ; veteran.
George Townsend, sergeant, mustered in March 2,
1864, three years; absent at muster out ; veteran.
Isaac B. Moyer, sergeant, mustered in February 15,
1864, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate November 30, 1864 ; veteran.
Jos. W. McKinney, corporal, mustered in February
23, 1864, three years; promoted to corporal
March 1, 1864; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865; veteran.
Abram W. Cochran, corporal, mustered in February
15, 1864, three years; promoted to corporal Sep-
tember 19, 1864 ; mustered out with company,
July 15, 1865 ; veteran.
Phean. Helfrich, corporal, mustered in February 26
1864, three years ; promoted to corporal Decem-
ber 27, 1864 ; mustered out with company July
15, 1865.
Albert Smith, corporal, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years; promoted to corporal March 1,
1865; mustered out with company July 15, 1865.
Amos Bickel, corporal, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years; promoted to corporal April 17,
1865 ; mustered out with company July 15, 1865.
William Bollinger, corporal, mustered in February
15, 1864, three years ; promoted to corporal May
26, 1865 ; mustered out with company July 15,
1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
243
Isaac Fall, corporal, mustered in February 26, 1864,
three years ; promoted to corporal June 12, 1865;
mustered out with company July 15, 1865.
Charles W. Roads, corporal, mustered in February
24, 1864, three years; promoted to corporal June
1, 1864; killed at Winchester, Va., September
19, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, lot 9.
John C. Arnold, corporal, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years; promoted to corporal March
10, 1864 ; killed at Petersburg, Va., April 6, 1865.
Thomas Burns, corporal, mustered in January 19,
1865, three years ; promoted to corporal May 1,
1865 ; mustered out July 15, 1865.
Samuel Bolig, corporal, mustered in February 15,
1864, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate June 11, 1864; veteran.
Levi Miller, corporal, mustered in February 25, 1864,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
May 25, 1865.
George G. Fess, corporal, mustered in February 15,
1864, three years; transferred to Veteran Reserve
Corps April 25, 1865.
William Fry, corporal, mustered in September 3,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate June 9, 1862.
James Enslow, corporal, mustered in September 3,
1861, three years; died January 3, 1862.
James Aurand, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate June 2, 1865.
Albert A. Bobb, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Reuben Bolig, private, mustered in February 15, 1864,
three years; mustered out with company July
15, 1865.
Frederick B. Bolig, private, mustered in February 15,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865 ; veteran.
John Bailey, private, mustered in February 26, 1864,
three years; mustered out with company July
15, 1865.
Daniel Boyer, private, mustered in February 19, 1864,
three years; mustered out with company July
15, 1865.
Elick Bishop, private, mustered in February 19, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July
15, 1865.
Paul Booney, private, mustered in February 26, 1864,
three years; mustered out with company July
15, 1865.
Samuel Breninger, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Benjamin Brocious, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
William J. Baughman, private, mustered in February
12, 1864, three years ; discharged by General Or-
der July 8, 1865.
William Biiigman, private, mustered in September 16,
1864, tliree years; discharged by General Order
June 17, 1865.
William Bottorf, private, mustered in February 24,
1864, three years; died September 22, 1864, of
wounds received in action; buried in National
Cemetery, Winchester, Va., lot 9; veteran.
William Bruner, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years; died at York, Pa., September
19, 1864.
Abraham A. Boyer, private, mustered in September 3,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate June 6, 1862.
Frank Cooper, private, mustered in February 10, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company July 15,
1865.
Jacob Carl, private, mustered in February 24, 1864,
three years ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House
May 10, 1864.
Robert Coxey, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years; transferred to Veteran Re-
serve Corps January 13, 1865.
Henry Duke, private, mustered in February 27, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July 15,
1865, veteran.
Wilson Duck, private, mustered in February 26, 1864,
three years; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House
May 10, 1864, veteran.
Jeremiah Derr, private, mustered in February 15,
1864, three years ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 10, 1864.
Jas. R. Deemer, private, mustered in February 27,
1864, three years; killed at Winchester, Va., Sep-
tember 19, 1864.
P. Drackenmiller, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years; died July 1, 1864.
David P. Devinney, private, mustered in September
3, 1861, three years.
Fran. H. Eckelman, private, mustered in February
26, 1864. three years; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Benj. Eshelman, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Daniel Engel, private, mustered in February 24,
1864, three years ; died July 8, 1864.
Calvin L. Fall, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Isaac Fetterolf, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years; killed at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 10, 1864.
Robt. Fetterolf, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years ; died May 10, 1864, of wounds
received in action.
John Feaster, private, mustered in February 26, 1864,
244
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 24, 1864.
Isaac H. Feirick, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate January 14, 1865.
James Fall, private, mustered in February 25, 1864,
three years ; discharged by General Order June
17, 1865.
Saml. Flukinger, private, mustered in September 3
1861, three years ; died May 4, 1862.
Nathan Goodman, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Daniel Goodman, private, mustered in February 23,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Theodore Greiner, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Jonathan Gamby, private, mustered in February 23,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Joseph Galbraith, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Wm. M. Gardner, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years; killed at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 10, 1864.
Jacob B. Gingrich, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; died May 12, 1865, of wounds
received in action.
George W. Grimes, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years; discharged by General Order
June 29, 1865.
Alexander Houser, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
James N. Houser, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Elias S. Herrold, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Daniel Hackenberg, private, mustered in February
18,1864, three years; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
Michael Hackenberg, private, mustered in February
18, 1864, three years; musteredout with company
July 15, 1865.
Danl. Hunnuer, private, mustered in February 12,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
John F. Hofnagel, private, mustered in September
16, 1864, one year ; absent at muster out.
Isaac Hock, private, mustered in February 15, 1864,
three years; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House
May 10, 1864.
William H. Herrold, private, mustered in February
25, 1864, three years ; killed at Spottsylvania
Oourt-House.
Aaron L. Houser, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; killed at Cold Harbor June
1, 1864.
Henry Hime, private, mustered in February 18, 1864,
three years; veteran.
William K. Hummel, private, mustered in February
26, 1864, three years.
Abraham Hetrick, private, mustered in February 6,
1865, one year.
Jefferson Hartman, private, mustered in February 15,
1864, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate July 26, 1864.
Mark Hofnagel, private, mustered in September 16,
1864, one year ; discharged by General Order
June 17, 1865.
John K. Hackinberg, private, mustered in February
19, 1864, three years; discharged by General Or-
der June 29, 1865.
Lewis Keller, private, mustered in February 29, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July
15, 1865.
Jacob C. Keller, private, mustered in February 26,
1864 ; absent at muster out.
Daniel Knights, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate November 27, 1864.
Joseph H. Kline, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; discharged by General Order
June 21, 1865.
Jonas Lesher, private, mustered in February 24,
1864, three years ; died May 15, 1864, of wounds
received in action.
Uriah H. Mill, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
James Middleswarth, private, mustered in February
26, 1864, three years; mustered out with com-
pany July 15, 1865.
Franklin Miunich, private, mustered in January 31,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company July
15, 1865.
Michael Mininch, private, mustered in January 31,
1865, one year ; musteredout with company July
15, 1865.
John Michael, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 10, 1864.
George McConnell, private, mustered in September
3, 1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate April 13, 1862.
Phillip C. Neitz, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Daniel J. Ott, private, mustered in Feljruary 26,
1864, three years; killed at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 10, 1864.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
245
John F. Quade, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Daniel Reigle, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
George W. Ranch, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Peter Rubenthal, private, mustered in February 23,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Levi Reed, private, mustered in February 23, 1864,
three years; mustered out with company July 15,
1865. "
Isaac Reigle, private, mustered in February 26, 1864,
three years: killed at Spottsylvania Court-House
May 10, 1864.
John S. Stahl, private, mustered in February 25,1864
three years; mustered out with company July 15,
1865.
David Snyder, private, mustered in February 19,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
.Tuly 15, 1865.
Joel G. Stahl, private, mustered in February 25,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Adam Speclit, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
.July 15, 1865.
Robert M. Smith, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
David G. Stahl, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 15, 1885.
Finley Stitzer, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
Charles A. Smith, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years ; absent at muster-out.
James Swartz, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years; killed at Petersburg, Va.,
April 2, 18155.
Edwin H. Shrauder, private, mustered in February
26, 1864, three years; killed at Spottsylvania
Court-House May 10, 1864.
Jacob Seffen, private, mustered in February 24,
1864, three years; discharged by General Order
May 26, 1865.
John F. Sortman, private, mustered in September 16,
1864, one year ; discharged by General Order
June 17, 1865.
George Swigart, private, mustered in January 3, 1865,
one year; discharged by General Order June 24,
1865.
John M. Swales, private, mustered in September 3,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate March 9, 1862.
John Walborn, private, mustered in February 22,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 15, 1865.
John Weiand, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 15, 186.5.
.Jacob Wagner, private, mustered in February 26,
1864, three years; killed at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 10, 1864.
John H. Williams, private, mustered in September 3,
1861, three years; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate April 6, 1862.
Elias Yeager, private, mustered in February 29, 1864,
three years.
Company K,' Mifflin County. — The fol-
lowing men belongiDg to this company were
recruited at McVeytown, Mifflin County :
Mathias Neice, captain, mustered in August 18, 1861,
three years ; resigned September 6, 1862.
John R. Keim, first lieutenant, mustered in August
18, 1861, three years; resigned January 8, 1862.
Thomas F. Neice, second lieutenant, mustered in
August 8, 1861, three years ; resigned July 31,
1862.
Humph. Chilcothe, priv.ate, mustered in September
12, 1861, three years; died April 11, 1862.
George Cann, private, mustered in September 12,
1861, three years ; died January 22, 1862.
Henry Keener, private, mustered in September 12,
1861, three years ; died January 5, 1862.
Henry D. Peartchy, private, mustered in September
12, 1861, three years; died December 30, 1861.
With the exception of the men here given,
Company K recruited at Pittsburgh.
FIFTY-FIE.ST REGIMENT.
The Fifty-first Regiment was a military
body rarely excelled for qualities essential to
good soldiers. With the exception of a few en-
listments, Companies E, H and K of this
regiment \vere recruited in Union and Suyder
Counties, G in Centre, B in Northampton
and the other five in Montgomery County.
The companies rendezvoused at Camp Curtin,
and the regiment was organized by the selec-
tion of the following officers : John F.
Hartranft, colonel ; Thomas S. Bell, lieutenant-
colonel; Edwin Schall, major,
'On .lanimry 11, 1863, Company K was consolidated
with other companies, forming Company B, Forty-ninth
Regiment, in which the names of the other otScers and men
appear.
246
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
On the morning of the 18th of November
the regiment left Camp Curtin, and proceeded
by rail to Annapolis, Md., where, beneath the
venerable elms of Saint John's College, it was
for the first time formed in line, its details
made and its arms stacked. Bnrnside's expedi-
tion to North Carolina was now being fitted out,
and the best drilled and most reliable of the
volunteer regiments were selected for that ser-
vice. The Fifty- first Pennsylvania was early
designated as one. Upon its arrival at Annap-
olis it was at first quartered in the buildings of
the college, and subsequently went into camp on
the old French burying-ground. On the 1st of
December the camp was moved two miles be-
yond the city, and for six weeks it was subjected
to continuous and laborious drill, during which
its efficiency and discipline were rapidly im-
proved, and a foundation laid for its future re-
nown. In the final organization of the corps it
was assigned to Reno's brigade.^
On the 6th of January, 1862, the regiment
embarked, and on the 9th the fleet, in three
squadrons, set sail from Annapolis, and with
sealed orders passed out to sea. No sooner had
it reached the open ocean than it was overtaken
by a succession of violent storms. It seemed
as though a tempest had been lurking in
the waste of waters ready to burst ujjon it the
moment it should appear. For nearly two
weeks, staggering beneath the giant waves, it
was swept about at the mercy of the elements.
Braving successfully the tempest, it finally
passed Hatteras Inlet, and came to anchor in
Pamlico Sound. On the morning of the 5th of
February the flag-ship " Philadelphia " was
anxiously watched as it moved, followed by the
fleet, and it soon became evident that Roanoke
Island was the destination. At early dawn on
the 7th a landing was efiected and the move-
ment commenced. The enemy was found
strongly posted in earthworks on the north-
1 Organization of the Second Brigade (Brigadier-General
Jesse L. Reno, of Burnside's corps). — Fifty-first Regiment
Pennsylvania Volunteers, Colonel John F. Hartranft;
Fifty-first Regiment New York Volunteers, Colonel Robert
B. Potter ; Twenty-first Regiment Massachusetts Volun-
teers, Lieutenant-Colonel Albert G. Maggi ; Ninth Regiment
New Jersey Volunteers, Colonel J. W. Allen.
western corner of the island, nearly surrounded
by an impenetrable swamp, approached in front
by a single causeway, which was swept by the
guns of the fort. Upon arriving at the edge of
the swamp, Reno's brigade was sent to the left
to cut oif the enemy's retreat south, while
Foster was directed to penetrate the swamp to
the right of the road, and attack the enemy
upon that flank. Hartranft soon found his way
completely blocked, and returned upon the track
of Foster, leaving two companies of the Fifty-
first, which had the advance, still groping in the
mire before he had reached the lines, but
Foster had already opened upon the enemy with
infantry and artillery, and as the regiment came
into position on the right of the line, Foster or-
dered a final charge, and the enemy was driven
from his works, and fled in confusion. The de-
monstration uj)on the left seemed to heighten the
confusion, as he anticipated that his way of
retreat was effectually broken. A hot pursuit
was immediately made, and the entire force,
with numerous heavy guns and small-arms, was
captured.
On the 3d of March the regiment embarked
for the expedition to Newbern, and on the 4th
changed its muskets for Enfield rifles. The
fleet sailed on the 11th, and entered the Neuse
River on the 12th, anchoring ofi" Slocum's
Creek, fifteen miles from Newbern, where, on
the following day, the regiment debarked. A
portion, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel
Bell, was detailed to assist in moving the ar-
tillery. The rain was descending in torrents,
and the roads were soon trodden into a stiff
mud, which rendered the movement of the
pieces next to impossible. INIany of the men
lo.st their shoes and went into battle on the
following day barefoot. But without faltering
or pausing by the way, they toiled on over the
weary miles and brought up the pieces in time
for the attack. For this important service
General Burnside personally thanked Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Bell. In the mean time Colonel
Hartranft, with the remaining companies,
pushed on with the advance column. Upon its-
arrival in front of the enemy's earth-works
dispositions for attack were made, Foster occu-
pying the right, Reno the left and Parke in
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
247
support upou the centre. Tlie enemy's line
upon the left was masked by timber, and in the
thick fog which prevailed the extent of his
works was undiscovered. They proved to be
of great strength, consisting of " thirteen fin-
ished redans" bristling with cannon, protected
in front " by an almost impassable morass filled
with fallen timber," ' and stretching away far
beyond the railroad, where his right was sup-
posed to rest. Foster attacked upon his left ;
but the enemy, concentrating his strength,
proved too ntiuch for him.
As soon as he could gain his position on the
left Reno attacked, and the battle soon became
general, raging with great fury for three and a
half hours. The Fifty-first had been held in
support, and, though exposed to a severe fire,
had not been allowed to return a single shot.
General Reno, becoming impatient at the delay
and at the losses he was sustaining, ordered up
Colonel Hartranft for the decisive charge. Form-
ing within a short distance of the confederate
intrenchments, the regiment was led forward
through the ranks of the Fifty-first New York,
which cheered the column as it passed to a
little hill beyond. General Reno in person, his
face beaming with an expression seen only in
battle, ordered the charge. With determined
valor the regiment rushed down a ravine
choked with felled timber, up the opposite
bank and, without a falter, carried the redan in
front, planting the old flag upon the ramparts.
"All this," says General Reno, in his olficial
report, " was gallantly executed, and the enemy
fled precipitately from all their intrenchments.
Some fifty prisoners were captured in these
works, many severely wounded. Upon reach-
ing the rebel intrenchments I was rejoiced to
see our flag waving along the entire line of the
enemy's works." After setting fire to the rail-
road bridge and a number of factories, the
Confederates abandoned Xewbern.
Detachments were frequently sent out b}"
General Burnside to reconnoitre and hold im-
portant points upon the coast. One was in-
trusted to Colonel Hartranft, who moved with
his regiment into the interior and acquired val-
' General Reno's official report.
uable information. ( )ii tJic Kith oi' .\pril a
force was sent out c(Misisting of tiic Fifty-first
Pennsylvania, Ninth and Eighty-ninth New
York, SixtJi New Hampshire and the Twenty-
first Massachusetts, which proceeded by trans-
ports to a point four miles below Elizabeth City,
where it landed. Pushing inland about twenty
miles, the weary troops came upon the enemy
strongly posted. Two companies of the Fifty-
first, A and F, Captains Boulton and Hart,
were considerably in advance of the main column,
and when they had arrived within an eighth
of a mile of the confederate line they were sud-
denly opened upon from the enemy's guns.
They were ordered to shelter themselves as best
they could and to hold their position. General
Reno now led the Twenty-first Massachusetts
and the balance of the Fifty-first Pennsylvania
through the woods to the right, bringing them
into position upon tlie enemy's left flank, where
they immediately opened fire. In the mean
time the Ninth New York had taken position
on the enemy's left centre, and had prematurely
charged upon his guns. The ground was open,
and, being fearfully exposed, the Ninth w;is re-
pulsed with considerable loss. The Sixth New
Hampshire advanced upon the left, and, with
the two comjjanies of the Fifty-first holding
the I'oad, kept the enemy well employed upon
that part of the line. The Fifty-first had now
turned his left flank and was pouring in most
deadly volleys. " In the mean time," says
General Reno, " the Fifty-first Pennsylvania
and the Twenty-fii-st Massachusetts kept up an
incessant fire upon the rebels, who had now
withdrawn their artillery and had commenced
to Avithdraw in good oriler. The Sixth New
Hampshire had steadily advanced in line to the
left of the road, and when within about two
hundred yards poured in a most deadly volley,
which completely demoralized the enemy and
ended the battle. Our men were so completely
fagged out by the intense heat and their long
march that we could not pui-sue them. The
n\eu rested under arms until about ten o'clock
P.M., when I ordered a return to oiu- boats,
having accomplished the principal object of the
expedition, conveying the idea that the entire
Burnside expedition was mairhing upon Nor-
248
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
■ folk." The loss in the regiment was three
killed and twenty-one wounded.
On the 30th of June the regiment embarked
for Fortress Monroe, but was detained until the
5th of July, when it set sail with the rest of the
command, and arrived on the 8th. Here (gen-
eral Burnside commenced organizing the Ninth
Corps, destined to win an enviable place in the
national armies, and the regiment was assigned
to the Second Brigade of the Second Division,
composed of the Fifty-first Pennsylvania, Fifty-
iirst New York and the Twenty-first Massachu-
setts, commanded by General Edward Ferrero.
On the 12th of August, Burnside Jiastened
with his command to the support of General
Pope, and landed at Fredericksburg, whence he
pushed forward two divisions to Cedar Moun-
tain, where they formed a junction with General
McDowell. The enemy had already made his
ajjpearance on the Rapidan, and Ferrero's bri-
gade, under Colonel Hartranft, was sent to
guard the fords from Mitchell's Station to Rac-
coon Ford. Lee's columns soon after arrived
in force on the opposite bank, and began to
press heavily to gain a crossing, when the bri-
gade was witiidrawn, and returning through
Stevensburg, recrossed tiie Rappahannock at
Kelly's Ford. Four companies of the Fifty-
first were detailed for the rear-guard, and held
the enemy at bay until so far separated from
the main body as to excite serious appi'ehension
for their safety ; but they succeeded in bringing
in the gun with which they were entrusted and
crossed the river in safety, losing only a few
stragglers. General Pope's army, manoeuvring
for several days, finally formed in line on the
old Bull Run battle-ground. Kearney held
the right, with Reno on his left. Several bat-
teries were posted on a commanding ridge, and
away to the right was a wood in which the
enemy was concentrated in heavy force. Tiie
Fifty-first supported these batteries. On the
afternoon of tlie first day of the battle (the 29th)
Lieutenant-Colonel Bell, with a portion of the
regiment, was detailed to advance to the picket
line in Kearny's front, and remained in this
position until the morning of the second dav,
when it rejoined the regiment, which had been
withdrawn during the night. Towards evening
our forces, having been driven back, began to
move from the field. The line of retreat was
along the Centreville road to the right of the
position held by Graham's battery. This road
was soon completely blocked with the artillery
and trains, and much confusion prevailed.
It was a critical moment. The enemy, exult-
ing in his successes, was pushing on to break in
upon the column while impeded by its trains,
and to crush it in its crippled condition by a
single blow. Graham's pieces were admirably
posted for its protection, and were already deal-
ing their death-laden volleys upon the advanc-
ing foe ; but should his supports fail him, his
guns would be lost, and our whole left flank
exposed. Ferrero saw the necessity of holding
these guns at all hazards and of keeping them
in full play. Undaunted by the masses of the
foe hurled against him, he clung to the ground,
and poured in double-shotted canister and rapid
rounds of musketry until the enemy's lines were
broken and driven in confusion. Again and
again they returned to tlie contest with fresh
troops and Avith renewed zeal ; but no valor
could withstand the sliock of Ferrero's column,
and the enemy finally retired, leaving the Union
lines intact and the trains safe. Ferrero, with
the Twenty-first Massachusetts, now moved off,
and had become separated from the rest of his
brigade. The command of the two remaining
regiments devolved on Colonel Hartranft.
Retiring across Bull Run, the two regiments
filed into the fields to the right of the pike, and
bivouacked for the night. In the morning they
moved on to Centreville, and rejoined the army.
It was soon after discovered that the Confeder-
ates were in motion to strike the Union column
by a movement upon its right and cut off its re-
treat. Reno's corps was immediately put in
motion, with the cavalry in advance, and was
soon joined by Stevens and Kearny. Hartranft
had the rear of the column, and was moving
with two batteries, though under no orders to
support them, wiien he suddenly found himself
confronting the enemy. Tlie two armies were
moving on divergent roads, and the lines were
here first struck. Seeing that these batteries
were in peril, he instantly ordered them into a
commanding position on the left of the road,
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
249
nnd drove back the foe. It was nightfall, and
a terrible thunder-storm prevailed ; but Kear-
ny and Stevens and Reno, three impetuous
leaders, immediately forming, moved upon the
foe, and fought in the darkness. They knew
nothing of his strength and little of the ground,
and contended to a great disadvantage ; but the
€nemy was beaten back, which was the princi-
pal point, though Kearny and Stevens both
yielded up their lives.
At his own request, Pope was now relieved of
the command of the army, and McClcllan was
restored. On the 3rd of September the Ninth
Corps moved through Washington, and on the
11th reached New Market, on the Maryland
campaign. The passage of the Monocacy was
not disputed. On the 12th the command en-
tered Frederick, and had a brisk skirmish with
the cavalry, which was covering the withdrawal
of the Confederate army, now concentrating in
the passes of the South Mountain, which it was
determined to hold. Before reaching the moun-
tain Ferrero's brigade moved by a country road
leading uj) to the summit on the left of the
Sharpsburg pike. Upon encountering the ene-
my's lines the Seventeenth Michigan, a new regi-
ment, full of enthusiasm, but little schooled in
those cardinal virtues of the soldier imparted by
veteran discipline, made a most gallant charge
diagonally across the road from left to right, in
the fiice of the murderous fire, which swept the
ranks at every step, and soon disappeared in the
woods beyond. General Reno coming up soon
after, and supposing that his regiment had es-
tablished a line in the woods and was holding
the ground it had so gallantly won, ordered
Colonel Hartranft to lead his regiment across
the open field in the rear of the supposed
line, and close up to the edge of the woods.
While the regiment was thus moving, and was
stretched out upon the march unsuspicious of
danger, the enemy suddenly opened upon it
from the wood a most withering fire. The
Seventeenth Michigan had advanced and driven
the enemy, but had neglected to hold its advan-
tage, and the confederates returning, had await-
ed until the Fifty-first was upon their bayonet-
ends, when they deliberately opened fire. The
column was instantly drawn under cover of the
wall that flanks the road, and soon after was
deployed to the left of the road, under a fence
that stretches at right angles to it. Fire was
immediately opened upon the enemy, which was
kept up until the ammunition was spent, when
it was relieved by the Fifty-first New York,
Colonel Potter, lying in close supporting dis-
tance. Returning again to the contest, fire was
continued until the enemy, finding himself hard
pressed on all sides and his position rendered
in.secure, fled under cover of darkness, and in
the morning the columns advanced without op-
position. General Reno was killed early in the
contest.
The battle of Antietam opened on the after-
noon of the l(3th of September, General Hooker
crossing Antietam Creek and attacking the ene-
my's left with great impetuosity and the most
triumphant success, and was followed up on the
morning of the 17th with even greater impetu-
osity by the commands of Mansfield and Sum-
ner. In the mean time the left and centre of
the Union line, stretching away towards the
Potomac on the left bank of the creek, re-
mained quiet spectators of the desperate en-
counter on the right. At nine o'clock on the
morning of the 17th, when the struggle upon
the right had been four hours in progress, Gen-
eral Cox, in command of the Ninth Army Corps
since the fall of Reno, was ordered to advance
and carry the stone bridge on the extreme left
of the line, firmly held by the enemy. " The
bridge itself is a stone structure of three arches,
with stone parapet above, this parapet to some
extent flanking the approach to the bridge at
either end. The valley in which the stream
runs is quite narrow, the steep slope on the
right bank approaching to the water's edge. In
this slope the road-way is scarped, running
both ways from the bridge ant.1 passing to the
higher land above by ascending through ra-
vines above and below, the upper ravine being
some six hundred yards above the bridge, the
town about half that distance below. On the
hill-side immediately above the bridge was a
strong stone fence running parallel to the
stream ; the turns of the road-way were covered
by rifle-pits and breast-works made of rails and
stone, all of which defenses, as well as the woods
250
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
which covered the slope, were filled with the
euemy's infantry and sharpshooters. Besides
the infantry defenses, batteries were placed to
enfilade the bridge and all its approaches." '
Against this position, strong by nature, rendered
doubly strong by art, the Eleventh Connecticut
and Crook's brigade, supported by Sturgis' di-
vision, were ordered to the assault. As this
force advanced up the open valley b}^ the road
which leads along the river-bank to the bridge,
it was exposed to so warm a fire from the oppo-
site heights, alive with the enemy, that it was
forced to halt and reply. Sturgis' troops
reached the head of the bridge, and the Second
Maryland and the Sixth New Hampshire
charged at double-quick with fixed bayonets ;
but the concentrated fire of the enemy upon it
forced them to fall back. After repeated efforts
these regiments were withdrawn. Burnside,
nettled at the failure of this attempt and the
consequent delay of his columns, and knowing
full well in whom he could trust, ordered for-
ward the Fifty-first. General Ferrero, dashing
up to the regiment, said, " General Burnside
orders the Fifty-first Pennsylvania to storm the
bridge." Hartranft, avoiding the road by the
river-bank, led his men in rear of the heights
overlooking the river until he arrived opposite
the bridge, when he moved boldly down the
slope for the crossing. The instant his men
came into the open ground in the valley they
received a withering fire from the enemy's well-
posted infantry, and many fell. A fence skirt-
ing the road proved a serious impediment, and
in crossing it the men were particularly exposed.
Unheeding the enemy's bullets or the obstruc-
tion by the way, the column moved forward
with a determined front, and made straight for
the bridge. As they entered, a storm of mis-
siles swept it, but no danger could stay that tide
of living valor. Hartranft, who led the way,
paused in the midst, and was hastening on the
rear of his column when he was joined by
Colonel Potter, with the gallant Fifty-first New
York. With a shout that rang out above the
noise of the battle the two columns rushed for-
' General Cox's OfBcial Report, Moore's "Rebellion
Record," Docs. vol. v. p. 454-455.
ward, and were soon firmly established on the
right bank. The bridge was carried !
A regiment was quickly advanced, and took
position on the heights commanding the bridge
and its approaches, driving out the enemy and
rendering the crossing for infantry secure.
The whole corps now advanced rapidly, took
position on the heights above the bridge, and
immediately advanced to the attack. The
Fifty-first was posted on the second range of
hills overlooking the creek, some distance be-
low the bridge. Here it was soon hotly en-
gaged with the enemy under cover of a stone
wall and in a cornfield on its left. Its ammu-
nition was soon exiiausted, and a fresh supply
failing to arrive as ordered, the men held their
position with the bayonet until relief came.
But all this struggle and costly sacrifice was
vain. The enemy, relieved by the slackening
of the battle on the left and the arrival of a
fresh corps from Harper's Ferry, was enabled
"to concentrate an overwhelming force upon
this single corps, and it was forced to yield.
The loss of the regiment was one hundred and
twenty-five. Among the killed was Lieutenant-
Colonel Bell, a most vigilant officer and most
estimable man, and Lieutenant Jacob G. Beaver,
of Company H. Of the wounded were Adju-
tant Shorkly and Lieutenant Lynch, also of
Company H. LTpon the fall of Lieutenant-
Colonel Bell, Major Schall was promoted to fill
the vacancy, and Captain William J. Bolton,
of Company A, was promoted to major.
Moving leisurely from the field of Antietam,
the army crossed and again proceeded to the
Kappahannock. General Burnside, now in
chief command, determined to cross the river at
Fredericksburg and seek the foe beyond.
j\Iuch delay was experienced in bringing up the
pontoons, and when they were at length at hand,
the enemy had concentrated in his immediate
front, and stood ready to disjiute the passage
and contest the ground on the impregnable
heights beyond. General Wilcox M'as now in
command of the Ninth Corps, and on the after-
noon of the 13th of December, the day on
which the troops under Franklin had attacked
on the left, it crossed the river upon the pon-
oons in front of the town, and advanced by
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
251
the road leading to the left towards the heights.
At a poiut iutermediate between the heights
and the town the brigade, consisting of five
regiments, under command of General Ferrero,
was deployed to right and left under partial
cover. Upon emerging from the town tlie
troops were at once met by the enemy's fire. A
steady fire was returned, but with little effect,
his lines lying close and securely behind his en-
treuchments. A lime-kiln marks the position
where the brigade was deployed, whence it ad-
vanced gallantly, in face of a murderous fire,
to a position on the left of the line occupied by
the Second Corps. On the evening of the 14th,
Sunday, one regiment, the Eleventh New
Hampshire, was ordered forward on picket,
and was hardly in position when Colonel Hart-
ranft received orders to proceed with the re-
maining four regiments and relieve a division
upon the skirmish line. On passing the
neighborhood of a hospital some entrenching
tools were discovered scattered about, and the
men were ordered to take them forward. Ar-
riving upon the line, they were directed to
throw up a breast-work for their protection.
This they at first refused to do, digging not
having at this time become fashionable. The
command was renewed and the men fell to
work, and when they began to see the fruits of
their labor, they prosecuted it with a will, and
by morning of Monday had a good line of
works formed. This was the first experience of
digging by the Fifty-first. Here the line was
under a fierce infantry and artillery fire, and
the men were obliged to hug closely their
cover. But the enemy manifested no disposition
to attack, and after remaining in position until
the morning of Tuesday the brigade was with-
drawn, and I'ecrossed the river upon the pon-
toons, which were soon after taken up. The
advantages in this engagement were all on the
side of the enemy, the attacks in front of the
town proving futile ; but nevertheless the his-
tory of the war furnishes few instances \vhere
the mettle of the troops was more severely
tested than in the blows aimed at the fastnesses
of those frowning heights. The loss to the
regiment was twelve killed and seventy-ibur
wounded.
On the 25th of March, 1863, the regiment
was ordered to Fortress Monroe, where it joined
the brigade, now consisting of the Fifty-first
Pennsylvania, Fifty-first Xew York, Twenty-
first Massachusetts and the Eleventh Xew Hamp-
shire, and thence proceeded with two divisions
of the Ninth Corps to Kentucky. At Cincin-
nati General Burnside met the troops, welcom-
ing them to his new department and encourag-
ing them to deeds of patriotic devotion. The
regiment moved by rail to I'aris, and was posted
successively at Winchester, Lancaster, Crab
Orchard and Stanford, principally engaged in
holding the interior of the State against the in-
vasions of the raiders ^^"lleeler, Morgan and
Pegram.
From Kentucky the corps, under the com-
mand of General Parke, was ordered to the
support of General Grant at Vicksburg. The
Fifty-first broke camp on the 4th of June, and
arrived in the rear of the great stronghold of
the Mississippi on the 14th. Its camp was es-
tablished in Mill Dale, where little of interest
occurred until the 23d, when it was detailed to-
dig rifle-pits and cut away the woods for the
protection of the rear against a Confederate army
under Johnston, now assuming a threatening
attitude. Working-parties were relieved every
two hours, and the duty was diligently prosecu-
ted until miles of pits and field-works were
constructed and whole forests slashed away.
On the morning of the 29th the division was-
ordered to Oak Bridge, where it relieved a
portion of McPhersou's corps, and was again
employed in fortifying. At ten o'clock on the
morning of the 4th of July came intelligence of
the fall of Vicksburg, and with it twenty-one
bags of mail matter for the division, of not less
interest, for the moment, than the surrender.
The regiment accompanied Sherman in his
campaign to Jackson, and on the 11th arrived
upon the enemy's front. It was immediately
placed in position on the left of the line in sup-
port of the Second Michigan, Colonel Hum-
phrey. At eight o'clock on the morning of the
12th a heavy cannonade was opened on both
sides which was kept up during the entire day,
the regiment suffering considerable loss. During
the night the men were busy digging rifle-
252
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
pits, at many points within a few yards of the
■Confederate sentries. On the morning of the
I4th, after three days and two nights of con-
stant skirmishing and fatigue duty, the regi-
ment was relieved and withdrawn to the rear of
the Insane Asylum. On the 15th detachments
from several regiments, embracing two com-
panies (F and H) of the Fifty-first, all under
the command of Major Wright, of the Fifty-
first New York, were sent to reconnoitre the
left as far as the Pearl River, and ascertain if a
crossing could be eifected. By accident the
•command struck the river opposite to the point
where the enemy's trains and reserved artillery
M'ere parked. The appearance of our troops in
this quarter ^vas rejjorted to Johnston, who,
supposing it to be a demonsti'ation in force, and
fearing for the safety of his army, at once com-
menced a retreat.' The city was occupied on
the 18th, the regiment stacking arms in front
■of the State-House. Remaining two or three
■days to complete the work of destruction, Sher-
man marched back to Vicksburg.
The Ninth Corps now returned to Burnside's
command and went into camp in Kentucky,
the Fifty-first leaving the railroad at Nicholas-
ville and taking post at Camp Nelson. Here
it rested and refitted. The service in Missis-
sippi had been very severe. Digging, felling
forests and making forced marches under the
burning suns of the South had broken down
the health of many a strong man, and had in-
duced fevers peculiar to that region. Colonel
Hartranft fell a victim to their influence and
was for a long time prostrated. From Camp
Nelson the regiment moved to Crab Orchard,
where it received recruits, and thence marched
across the mountains, via Cumberland Gap, to
Knoxville.
• "All night Sherman heard the sound of wagons, but
nothing that indicated evacuation, for ihe picks and shovels
were at work till nnduight ; but at the dawn of day it be-
■eame evident that the enemy had withdrawn across the
Pearl Kiver. The rebels had burned all the bridges in
retreating and placed loaded shells and torpedoes on the
roads leading out from the river. All the materials of war
had been removed, in advance of the retreat, by means of
the railroad running east." — " 3Iilitary History of U. S.
Grant y Badeau, vol. i. p. 396.
Soon after its arrival it was ordered down
the valley to Loudon, where preparations had
been made for going into winter-quarters ; but
scarcely had it arrived when it was ordered
back to Lenoir, where it remained several days.
Here Colonel Hartranft, who had so far re-
covered as to take the field, rejoined the regi-
ment and immediately assumed command of
the Second Division of the Ninth Corps. His
arrival was opportune. Longstreet, cutting
loose from Bragg at Chattanooga, was threaten-
ing Burnside with a force thrice his number,
and had already arrived in the neighborhood
of Loudon. Perceiving his advantage, the
Confederate chief pushed across the Tennessee
and put his columns in motion for Campbell's
Station, a point where several important roads
centre, with the design of reaching it in ad-
vance of Burnside's forces, and thus cutting off
and capturing his whole command. In this he
had the advantage of the shortest and most
direct I'oad. Burnside discovered his danger
just in time to avert it. The Fifty-first was
charged with moving Benjamin's heavy battery.
The mud was very deep, and the roads, badly
cut up by the trains, were next to impassable.
All night long the regiment toiled through the
mire to bring up the guns. The station was
reached in advance of the enemy, and, im-
mediately proceeding out upon the Kingston
road, Colonel Hartranft deployed his division
across it, with his left thrown forward to cover
the Loudon road, along which our army and
trains were moving. Before these dispositions
had fairly been made the head of the Con-
federate column appeared. Held back for
awhile by a few mounted infantry, Longstreet
soon brought up heavy columns and opened a
furious attack. This was met by a destructive
and continuous fire from Hartranft's lines,
which caused the enemy to recoil in confusion.
Steadfastly holding his ground until the re-
mainder of the army and all the trains had
safely passed the threatened point, Hartranft
withdrew his troops, regiment by regiment, and
took position on the left of the new line of
battle, which had been formed on a low
range of hills beyond the station. In the mean
time Benjamin's battery, which had been
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
25S
brought safely iu, took position and did luo.st
effective service, engaging and driving the
enemy's artillery wherever it made its appear-
ance. So much were the Union forces out-
numbered that the contest was waged with no
hope of victory, but only to save the army anil
its material. Accordingly, successive lines of
battle were taken up in advantageous positions,
and each was held until forced from it, when
the troops retired behind fresh troops that had
occupied the next. In this way the enemy
was held at bay until dark, when he rested, and
Burnside's columns, under cover of darkness,
were all brought off safely into Knoxville.
Here the troops were immediately put to
fortifying. Ferrero, with the First Division,
held the left of the line, with the river upon his
flank, and Fort Sanders, an earth-work mounted
with Benjamin's guns, in the centre. Hartrauft
held the right, his line crossing the principal
road leading from Cumberland Gap to Knox-
ville. Upon his right was a mill fed by a small
stream. Across this a heavy dam was built,
which flooded the ground for a considerable dis-
tance around. Upon this lake the right of the
line rested securely. For many days the work
of fortifying was prosecuted without cessation.
Fortunately, Longstreet delayed his attack until
the work were completed and the army \vas se-
cure. But the troops were exposed to a danger
more imperious and fatal than hostile bullets.
It was hunger. During all the hardships of
the siege the men had been compelled to subsist
on meagre rations of a quality hardly capable
of sustaining life. The days were counted when
even these would fail. Fortunately, before they
were numbered General Grant, having relieved
the army at Chattanooga from its toils, sent a
powerful force under Sherman to tiie support
of Burnside, and the siege was raised.
Trains soon after arrived with provisions, and
pursuit of the enemy was at once commenced.
In this the Fifty-first joined, and came up with
the Confederate rear-guard at liutledge, iu the
valley of the Holsten, where skirmishing ensued.
Here the pursuit was stayed, and the regiment
retired to the neighborhood of Blaine's Cross-
Roads, where it went into winter-quarters. Still
only meagre supplies of food and clothing were
received, and the trooj)s suilered much. On thi-
5th of January the regiment re-enlisted for an
additional term of three years, and received
orders to commence the homeward niarcli.
Poorly clad and short of rations, the men braved
the perils of a wintry march across the mountains
of East Tennessee, and after enduring untold
sufferings and hardships by the way, finally
arrived at Camjj Nelson, where abundant su])-
plies of food and clothing A\ere received. Paus-
ing a few days at Cincinnati for the preparation
of the company rolls, the regiment proceeded to
Harrisburg, where it received a veteran fur-
lough.
So popular was the regiment at home that it
was soon recruited to more than the maximum
strength, and upon the expiration of the veteran
furlough rendezvoused at Annapolis, iMd., where
the Ninth Corps was assembling. It was here
assigned to the First Brigade of the Fii'st
Division, consisting of the Fifty-first Penasyl-
vania, the One Hundred and Ninth New York
and the Second, Eighth, Seventeenth and
Twenty-seventh Michigan, Colonel Hartranft in
command, Lieutenant-Colonel Schall leading
the regiment.
Upon the opening of the spring campaign
under General Grant the Ninth Corps broke
camp, and moving through ^Vashington, where
it was reviewed by the President, joined the
army, and on the 5th of May crossed the
Rapidan. It immediately moved to the front
and took j^osition between Hancock and 'S\'ar-
ren. Hartranft's brigade was upon the centre
of the line, and it was with considerable diffi-
culty that it could be got into position. Cap-
tain Hart, who was now serving upon the staff'
of the colonel, was ordered to go forward until
he found the enemy's skirmishers. Pushing
through the thick growth of pines, the fii-st
intimation he received of an enemy's presence
was a rebel bullet whistling by his ears. The
brigade was now led in by regiments, the men
creeping through the dense undergrowth a.-^
best they could. " The advance was made,"
says Colonel Hartranft in his official report,
" with great difficulty, on account of the woods
and underbrush, which were on fire. I formed
my line, making nearly a right angle facing
254
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
south and east. The enemy was in force in front
of my left. While in this position I received
orders from INIajoi'-General Burnside to ad-
vance and carry the enemy's works. I or-
dered the advance at ten A.M., holding the
Second Michigan in reserve and directing the
Seventeenth Michigan to watch well the right
flank. The lines moved forward, and I car-
ried the enemy's works and held them for a
moment, until a panic seized the left, \vhich
brought the whole line back in confusion. I
immediately advanced skirmishers from the
Second and Seventeenth Michigan, also moved
the Seventeenth more to tiie left, and on these
regiments re-formed my line. In this charge
many prisoners were taken from the enemy,
but lost perhaps an equal number." In the
afternoon the brigade again advanced, but en-
countered stern resistance, and lost many in
killed and wounded. On the 7th the line was
again moved forward, breast-works were thrown
up and considerable skirmishing ensued.
On the morning of the 9th the brigade was
withdra\vn and moved to the Ny River, where
the enemy was soon found. A crossing was
effected on the 12th, and the Confederates, after
a stern resistance, were driven back. In this
•engagement six companies of the Fifty-first
were deployed as skirmishers, supported by the
remaining four, and gallantly carried the wood-
ed heights in their front, compelling the enemy
to burn a house in which he had taken shelter,
and retire. To date from this battle. Colonel
Hartranft was promoted to brigadier-general,
Lieutenant-Colonel Schall to colonel. Major
Bolton to lieutenant-colonel and Captain Hart
to major. From the 12th to the 18th tlie line
of the brigade remained substantially unchanged,
the enemy hugging closely their works, ready at
any moment to repel an attack. Upon the
withdrawal of the brigade from the position oc-
cupied on the 27th a few men belonging to the
Fifty-first, engaged upon the picket line, could
not be brought in, and fell into the hands of
the enemy. A succession of movements by the
left flank brought the brigade to Cold Harbor
on the 1st of June. At six o'clock on the morn-
ing of the 3d the brigade advanced with orders
to retake the line from which the enemy had
driven our troops on the previous day. Potter's
division advanced at the same time on the right.
In the face of a terrific fire of infantry and ar-
tillery, the lines rushed forward, routed the en-
emy, and were soon well established within two
hundred yards of his main line, where, in a re-
entrant angle of his own works, he had four
guns. These proved of little value to him, as
tliey were so closely watched by our sharp-
shooters that it was impossible for the gunners
to M'ork them. In this charge, at the head of
his column. Colonel Schall was killed, and was
succeeded in command by Lieutenant-Colonel
Bolton. The loss here, as in the preceding
battles of the campaign, was very heavy, but
for want of data cannot be given.
Crossing the Chickahominy and the James,
the Ninth Coqjs arrived in front of Petersburg
on the 17th, and at once engaged the enemy.
General Hartranft's brigade made a most gal-
lant charge in face of a galling fire of artillery,
sufipering heavy loss.
On the following day it was again engaged
upon the railroad cut in front of the locality
afterwards selected for the mine, and gained a
position in close proximity to the enemy's works,
which was held and fortified. So close to the
Confederate line was this position that it required
unceasing vigilance to hold it, and for seventeen
successive days and nights a continuous fire of
musketry was kept up, one-third of the men
being constantly employed. After a few days'
respite it was again returned to the vicinity of
its old position, where it remained until the
explosion of the mine. On the day previous it
was relieved and ordered to form part of the
storming column. When the explosion took
place it advanced, and two companies had
reached the brink, when General Hartranft,
who was in the crater, finding that more troops
were already in than could be used, ordered it
back. In this perilous advance Colonel Bolton
was severely wounded, and the command de-
volved on Major Hart. The brigade was again
put upon the line fronting the crater, where it
remained for a few days, when it M'as relieved
and passed to the rear out of harm's way. Here
it remained in camp until the 19th of August,
when it was oi'dered to the support of Warren,
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
255
ou the Weldon Raihxiad. Crawford's division
formed the connecting link between Hancock
and M^arren, a distance of a lialf-mile. Upon
this tlie enemy fell iu heavy force and captured
the greater portion of it, making a dangerous
gap, and exposing Warren to imminent peril.
Hartranft, who was lying in supporting dis-
tance, and judging by the sound of battle that
our forces had been dispersed, thougli not under
orders, magnanimously moved to the rescue,
and by interposing his Ijrigade and by stubbornly
Jiolding his ground, saved the day. A perma-
nent lodgment was thereby made upon the
AVeldou road, which had been one of the enemy's
chief lines of supply.
In the subsequent operations of the brigade
the Fifty-first, luider command of Colonel Bol-
ton, participated, engaging the enemy at Poplar
.Spring Church, at Ream's Station, at Hatcher's
Run, and in the final attack on the 2d of April,
which resulted in the evacuation of Richmond.
( >u the 27th of July, after four years of arduous
service, extending over the whole line from the
Atlantic to the Mississippi, it was mustered ou(
of service at Alexandria, Va,
Below are the battles in which the Fifty-first
Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers j)articipated
from its first entrance ou the field to its retire-
ment from camp-life, —
Roanoke Island, February 7 and 8, 1862; Newbern,
:\. C, March 13 and 14, 1862; Camden, N. C, April
19, 1862; Bull Run, Va., August 29 and 30,1862;
Chantilly, Va., September 1, 1862; South Mountain,
September 14, 1862 ; Antietam, September 17 and 18,
1862 ; Fredericksburg, December 12, 13 and 14, 1862;
Vicksburg, Miss., June 16 to July 4, 1863 ; Jackson,
Miss., July 8 to July 18, 1863 ; Campbell's Station,
Tenn., November 16, 1863 ; Knoxville, Tenn., Novem-
ber 17 to December 5, 1863 ; Wilderness, Va., May 6,
1864; Spottsylvania, Va., May 12 to 14, 1864; Cold
Harbor, Va., May 31 to June 8, 1864; Petersburg, Va.,
June 16 to August 18, 1864 ; Yellow Tavern, Va.,
August 19, 1864 ; Weldon Railroad, Va., August 21,
1864 ; Hatcher's Run, Va., October 27, 28 and 29,
1864; Petersburg, November 29, 1864, to April 2,
1865.
SkirmUhes. — Kelly's Ford, 1862 ; Rappahannock,
1862 ; Warrenton, 1862 ; Sulphur Springs, Va., No-
vember 16, 1862 ; Sulphur Springs, August 24, 1862 ;
Upperville, Va., 1862; Fairfax Court-House, 1862 ;
Big Black, Miss., July 6, 1863 ; Jackson, Miss., July 7,
1863; Loudon, Tenn., November 15, 1868; Lenoir,
Tenn., November 15, 1863; Rutledge, Tenn., Decem-
ber 16, 1863; Blaine's Cross-Roads, December 18, 1863;
Poplar Grove Church, 1864 ; Bethesda Church, 1864 ;
Peeble's Farm, 1864 ; Ream's Station, 1864 ; Weldon
Railroad, 1864; besides a large number of minor im-
portance, of which there are no memoranda.
Below is a perfectly reliable statement of the
distances traversed by the Fifty-first Pennsyl-
vania Veteran Volunteers, by marches, trans-
l)orts and railway, as taken from a diary, —
From Bridgeport to Harrisburg, 95 miles ; from
Harrisburgto Annapolis, Md., 123 miles ; from Acquia
Creek to Fredericksburg, 15 miles ; from Bealton to
Culpeper Court-House, Va., 15 miles ; from Fred-
ericksburg to Acquia Creek, 15 miles; from Baltimore,
Md.,to Paris, Ky., 778 miles; from Nicholasvillc, Ky.,
to Cairo, 111., 508 miles; from Cairo, 111., to Nicholas-
villc, Ky., 508 miles; from Knoxville to Loudon,
Tenn., 28 miles ; from Nicholasvillc, Ky., to Bridge-
port, Pa., 789 miles ; from Bridgeport, Pa., to Harris-
burg, Pa., 95 miles; from Harrisburg to Annapolis,
Md., 123 miles ; from Washington, D. C, to Harris-
burg, 124 miles; from Harrisburg to Bridgeport, 95
miles ; total by rail, 3311 miles. By transports from
Annapolis to Fortress Monroe, thence to Roanoke Is-
land, to Newbern, to landing at Albemarle Sound,
back to Newbern, to Hatteras Inlet, back to Newbern,
to Newport News, to Acquia Creek, to Baltimore, from
Cairo to Vicksburg and back to Cairo, from City
Point to Washington, from Washington to Alexan-
dria ; total, 5390 miles. By marches, total, 1738
miles ; by water, total, 5390 miles ; by railway, total,
3311 miles, — aggregate, 10,439 miles.
Following is a list of officers and men of the
three Union and Snyder Comity companies of
"the Fifty-first:
Company E, Union and Snyder Coun-
ties.— The following is a list of the officei-s and
men comprising Company E, Fifty-First Rei>-i-
ment Pennsylvania Voluuteers :
Captains.
G. H. Hassenplug. William R. Forster.
First Lieutenants.
John A. Morris. Francis R. Frev.
Second Lieutenants.
Martin L. Schoch. James L. Seebold.
George C. Gutelius.
Sergeants.
John M. Wierman. wounds received in ac-
Thomas D. Reed. tion.
Elbridge G. Maize, Lewis G. Titus, died Jan-
Charles Mills. uary 7, 1863. of wounds
Cornelius Edelman. received at Fredericks-
George Diehl, discharged burg December 13,
July 11, 1865, for 1862.
256
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
John H. Sortman.
Cyrus A. Eaton.
Peter Strubble.
Isaac Treat.
Daniel High.
Ebert Sprowles.
William Kleckner.
Isaac G. Magee.
Adam Gluse.
Thomas F. Search.
John C. Youngman.
George W. Foote.
Corporals.
Levi H. Ammon.
Thomas S. Mauok, died
June 20, 1864, of
wounds received at Pe-
tersburg, Va. ; buried in
National Cemetery, Ar-
lington, Va.
George M. Aurand, killed
at Weldon Railroad,
August 19, 1864.
James Luker,
Charles D. Kline, Jr.
Musician.
Joseph A. Logan.
Privates.
Jeremiah Aikey, cap-
tured; died at Ander-
sonville, Ga.
Ealston Baker.
George E. Barklow, died
at Brownsville, Miss.,
July 21, 1863.
Albert E. Barnes.
David H. Beers.
William H. Bell.
Abraham Benfer.
Asher Benner.
Lewis J. Benner.
James Black.
Simon S. Blair.
John Bomgardner.
Jacob Boop.
George Bowers.
Benjamin H. Brouse,
killed at Camden, N.
C, April 19, 1862.
George P. Burk.
Adolph Burkhart.
Samuel Burris.
Ezra Chappel.
James M. Chambers.
M. B. Chambers.
Thomas H. Clapham,
died March 13, 1864.
Luther G. Cole.
James F. Cornelius.
George W. Cornelius.
Daniel Curfman.
Jeremiah F. Curtis.
John D. Derkes.
Henry Dersham.
Alexander Dewire.
Henry C. Diehl.
Abraham Dingman.
Isaac Dolby.
Abraham Dolby.
Thomas Donachy.
Aaron Donnison.
James M. Dunkle, killed
at Cold Harbor June 3,
1864.
Henry Eidem.
Solomon Engle.
John Fetter.
Justice J. Fletcher.
Henry D. Fox.
Jacob Frederick.
George W. Galloway.
William Geuiger.
Jacob Gordon.
David Hansell.
David Hanselman.
Adam Hanselman.
Berryhill B. Harris.
John T. Hassenplug.
Timothy Hauley.
William R. Heckman.
Elias Heinbach.
Isaiah Hcitsman.
Jacob Heitsman.
Henry Heitsman.
William Henderson.
Christ. Hendershot.
John Hendricks.
Robert Hickernell, died
of wounds received at
Cold Harbor June 3,
1864.
Ammon Hilbish.
William E. Hoffman,
killed at Camden, N.
C, April 19, 1862.
Edward J. Hoii'man.
John Hummel.
Henry Hutchinson.
Robert H. Irwin.
James T. Kelly.
Barton Kennedy.
Francis Kidson,
Joel Kline.
Reuben Kline.
Daniel Kline.
Charles Kline.
Andrew T. Kline.
Jacob L. Kline, died May
6, 1864; buried in Uni-
ted States General Hos-
pital Cemetery, An-
napolis, Md.
John Klingler.
Samuel Kunkel.
Jonathan Kunkel.
Samuel H. Laird.
William Laudenslager.
William F. N. Leinbach.
John Lenhart.
David Lenhart, killed
near Petersburg, Va..
June 17, 1864.
Charles Lloyd.
John Lloyd.
Jacob Long.
Galen N. Lotz.
Charles Lytle.
Samuel McGregor.
Jackson McFadden.
Charles H. Marsh.
Ed. J. Masterson.
Alfred Meckley, killed at
Weldon Railroad Aug-
ust 19, 1864. ,
Jacob K. Mertz.
John T. Middaugh.
Jacob Miller.
Henry Miller.
James Miller.
John Millhouse.
Joseph A. Moll.
Arther Mullen.
Daniel Myers.
Henry M. Norton.
William P. Orwig.
John W. Orwig.
Peter G. Paul.
Victor E. Post.
Capt. George H. Hassenpluu.' — Wheu,
in 1861, the War of the Rebellion had become
a certaiuty, and President Lincoln had made hi.s
call for seventy-five thousand three months' men >
Captain George H. Hassenplug, the subject of
this sketch, was one of the first to offer his
services in defense of his country. He was.
born in Mifflinburg, Union County, Pa., Oc-
tober 25, 1832. His youth was sjient like
most boys of those days, assisting his father
Jeremiah Radenbaugh.
John Rahback.
Martin G. Reed.
Levi Renner.
Jonathan Reese.
Joel Rote.
Samuel Rote.
John V. Rule.
Emanuel Sassman.
Noah W. Sassman.
Sebastian Searles.
George A. Seebold.
Castor Seebold, died at
Philadelphia, Pa., May
11, 1864.
Frank S. Schaffle.
George Schnure.
William Schnure.
Anthony Shaffer.
John W. Sheckler.
Samuel F. Sheary.
Joseph Shreffler.
Josiah Shriner.
William S. Sholley.
Thomas Simmons.
Albert E. Smith.
Henry Snyder.
Jonathan Snyder.
Daniel Speese.
John T. Stitzer.
Robert Toland.
Charles H. Trainer.
Samuel Tucker.
William S. Watson.
John D. Weaver.
William Webb.
Charles Wilson.
Andrew G. Wirt.
George W. Wirt, died at
Lexington, Ky., Sep-
tember 15, 1863.
Joseph Wolfinger.
C. W. Woodward.
Melanc'n Zechman.
William Zimmerman.
' Since writing the foregoing we learn of iLe death of
Captain Hassenplug, at Hampton, A'^a., February 6th,
1886. His remains were interred at Mifflinsbiirg, Pii. —
[Editors.]
THE WAR FOIl THE UNION.
257
in business or on the farm, and attend-
ing school during the winter season. In March,
1850, in company with his brothers Jesse and
Charles and a Mr. Boop, lie started for Cali-
fornia, going by boat to Pittsburgh, St. Louis
and Fort Indej)endence. At the latter place
they procured teams, and, in company with many
others, crossed the plains and arris-ed at tiieir
destination without any adventure of moment.
George and Jesse at once entered the mines, and
vilie he commenced ills military career by join-
ing the Columbia (luards, of that place, and was
elected one of its .'sergeants. On the second day
of November, 18o4, he was commissioned by
Governor Bigler second lieutenant, and on the
19tii day of June, 1859, was commissioned by
Governor Packer quarterma.ster witli the rank
of major. In 1857 he returned to Mifflinburg,
and soon after built the store now owned by
Hayas Brothers, in which he carried on a
were moderately successful ; but after a few
months they decided that Penn.sylvania was
about as good a place to live in as the mines of
California, and they came home, returning by
the way of the Isthmus, reaching Xew York
about a year after leaving home, and ^vith no
more money than they took away with them.
After his return from California, George went
to Danville, Pa., and clerked in the general
store of his brother William. While in Dan-
17
general store on his own account. In 1860
he sold his store and its contents to his bro-
ther Charles. While in business in Mifflinburg
he organized a company of militia called the
Cameron Guards, and was commissioned eaj)-
tain by Governor Packer on the '23d day of
September, 1859. He Wiis among the fii-st to
oiFer his services to the country, and, in comjiany
with three others, was the firet to enlist from
Mifflinburg. The captain loveil military life.
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
and had been in the militia service for years as
sergeant, second lieutenant, quartermaster and
major, and as captain of the Cameron Guards.
He was then twenty-seven years of age, tall and
commanding in appearance, and every inch a
soldier. He enlisted in the Lewisburgh Infantry,
and on the organization of the company was
elected and commissioned fii-st lieutenant. His
commission was given by Governor Andrew G.
Curtin, and bears date April 20, 1861. The
company was mustered as Company G, of the
Fourth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. The
regiment, being in command of Colonel (now
(xeneral) Hartranft, was sent to Annapolis,
Md., and assisted in opening the railroad
from that place to Washington, it having been
damaged and rendered unserviceable by rebel
svmpathizei"s. From Annapolis they were sent
to Washington, and from thence to Alexandria,
Va., where they did picket duty until the first
Bull Run battle. They marched with the army
to the scene of conflict, but saw no service, as
their term of service had expired. After the
battle they did duty some time at Fort Ellsworth,
then were sent to Harrisburg and mustered out
of service. During this time Lieutenant Has-
senplug was with his company, and proved
himself an efficient and capable officer. He at
once, on his i-eturn home to Mifflinburg, com-
menced recruiting, and in a few days raised a
company, which was mustered as Company E,
of the Fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, com-
manded by Colonel Hartranft. While recruit-
ing his company, no halt was ordered for Sunday,
but the drum and fife were kept going, — a fact
which was severely criticised by some of the
Mifflinburg pastors, all of whom in time forgave
the captain for his Sunday patriotism. His
company was composed of the best young men
in and around Mifflinburg, and was considered
one of the best companies of the regiment.
Early in the fall of 1861 the regiment was sent
to Annapolis, Md., assigned to the Burnside
expedition, and participated in the capture of
Roanoke Island, at which time the regiment
made a charge through a swamp and cut off a
portion of the enemy's forces. In this charge
the captain led his company, and again at New-
bern, N. C, where he received a severe wound.
In the spring of 1862 he came home on
furlough on account of his wound remaining
until fall, when he rejoined his company, then
stationed at Falmouth, Va. At the battle of
Fredericksburg he commanded his company
in a gallant manner, and led them in the
charge on Marye's Heights. It is told of
him by one of his men that while under
the enemy's works he lighted his pipe, and
smoked as coolly as though bullets, shells
and cannon-balls were not flying around.
After the Fredericksburg campaign the regi-
ment, as part of the Ninth Corps, took an
active part in the capture of Vicksburg, and in
all the skirmishing, marching and fighting inci-
dent thereto Captain Hassenplug was ever with
his men, enduring with them the hardships and
dangers of the campaign. After the surrender
of Vicksburg he, with his regiment, took part in
the battles and skirmishes ai'ound Jackson,
Miss., which resulted in driving General
Johnston across Pearl River. In August, 1 863,
the captain was, by reason of wounds and other
disabilities, transferred to the Veteran Reserve
Corps, and placed in command of the post at
Nicholasville, Ky., where his abilities as an
executive officer were displayed by enforcing
regular army discipline.
On the 13th day of June, 1864, after more
than three years' service. Captain Hassenplug
was mustered out of the United States service,
and came home broken in health, and only a
shadow of the man he was when he enlisted.
In 1867 he entered into partnership with John
Reichert and Dr. David Miller in the mei'can-
tile business in Mifflinburg, and so remained
one year, when he sold out to his partners. He
then went to Troxelville, Pa., where he re-
mained five years engaged in the mercantile
business, when he sold out and returned to
Mifflinburg, and, with several others, engaged
in an enterprise called the " Trout Fishery,"
which fished more money out of the captain's
pocket than it put in. We next find him run-
ning a store at Spring Mills, where he remained
until prostrated by intense suffering caused by
hard service in the army. Since then he has
resided in his present home in Mifflinburg,
surrounded by warm and true friends, miu-
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
2S9
istered to by a loving and affectionate wife,
whose watchful care over him through long
months of suffering has proved her to be, in all
that the words imply, a helpmeet.
The captain is an ardent Republican, and
there is never any question as to how he stands
politically. He took an active interest in elec-
tions, and especially so in the election of his old
commander. General Hartranft, as Governor of
the Keystone State. He received the news of
his first election while on his way from Troxel-
ville to Mifflinburg, and rode into the latter
place hatless, having demolished his head-gear
in iiis enthusiasm.
For his first wife he married Miss Sue Kleck-
ner on the 21st day of October, 1858. She was
born January 28, 1839, and died December 30,
1859, leaving one son, who died in infancy.
On the 25th day of April, 1867, he was again
married, liis choice being Miss Esther Slough,
of Freeport, 111., daughter of Benjamin and
Esther (Smith) Slough. She was born in
Lycoming County, Pa., and is of Revolutionary
stock and of a soldier family. Both of her
great-grandtathers served in the Revolutionary
War, her father in the AVar of 1812, and two
brothers in the Civil War of 1861, and in the
Union army.
John Henry Hassenplug, the captain's grand-
father, came from Holsborg, Germany, where he
was born January 20, 1756. He married Miss
Maria Eve Seebold, of Lebanon County, who
bore him nine sons and five daughters. He
died in West Buffalo township November 30,
1829. His wife was born July 19, 1769,
and died August 11, 1852. Of his sons, Wil-
liam, the captain's father, was born December
13, 1795, and married, on the 20th day of May,
1818, Miss Susannah Holtzman, who was born
September 17, 1798. Their children are as
follows : Charles, William H., Thomas, John
Jesse, Jacob H., Charles H., George H., Cath-
erine E., Elizabeth, Susanna and John M.,
who was killed while fighting for his country
in the War of the Rebellion.
Company H, Union and Snyder Cottn-
TiES. — The following is a list of the officei-s
and men who served in Company H, Fifty-
First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers :
Captains.
J. Merrill Linn. George Shorlcley.
First Lieutenants.
,r. G. Beaver, killed, Antietam, Sept. 17, 18G2.
Hugh McClure.
Second Lieutenants.
Aaron Smith. Jacob H. Santo.
David C. Brewer.
First Sergeant.
Jacob Nyhart.
Sergeants.
Matthew Vandine, killed George W. Brown,
at Antietam September
17, 1862.
George Breon.
Seth J. House!.
Harrison Hause.
Frederick Erwine.
H. J. Lingerman.
John Grambling.
Alfred Durst.
George H. KaufT.
Henry Fogleman.
Michael Lepley.
Andrew Knepp.
R. A. M. Haruer.
H. C. McCormick.
Henry B. Wetzell.
Reuben Baker.
John Aldenderfer.
James Kiucaid.
Daniel M. Wetzell.
William Allison, killed
at IFredericksburg De-
cember 13, 1862.
Corporals.
Peter Koser.
Nicholas Nichols.
Robert Henry.
H. Co'y McCormick.
John Q. Adams.
Cliarles Merrill.
James L. Schooly.
Deitrich Beckman.
J. Bachenhamer.
Henry J. Warner.
Musicia7is.
Jacob Moore. Charles P. McFadden.
Andrew Beruade.
Privates.
Peter AUshouse.
Jonas Angstadt.
Mabury Ang.stadt.
William Armpriester.
William Auchenbaugh.
James Ayers.
Eleazer Baldwin.
Peter Bastian.
Abraham Bastian.
Edward Bear, killed at
Antietam.
Henry Beeber.
Henry A. Beehn.
Isaac Beck, killed at An-
tietam.
Lewis J. Beuner.
Miles Bennett.
Daniel Berkeville.
James Blunt.
David Bobst.
Daniel Boon.
Harrison Bower.
Daniel Bomgardner.
Daniel C. Bordmel.
John Boyer.
William Boyer.
Levi Brensinger.
Simon Britton.
Asa Brown.
John Browufield.
Jacob Buskirk.
George W. Carey.
Northell Casseck.
William F. Chriesher.
James Christy.
David Clark."
John Corl.
John L. Dawson.
John S. Debilzon.
Reuben Dohaven.
Mahfn Dillsplains.
Peter J. Dopp.
John Dougherty.
James Dougherty.
Matthew Doyle.
James Dovle.
260
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
William H. Douty, killed
William Lepley.
James Turner.
Isaac Wittea, killed at
at Knoxville, Tenn.,
John W. Lott.
George Wagore.
Antietam.
November 29, 1863.
Conrad Lyon.
Benjamin Watkins.
Aaron A. AVood.
Abner Dumheller.
Isaac McMurtrie.
Anthony Weiseubaeh.
Christian Uhl.
Mathias Dysher.
Samuel S. MoEwer.
Leo Weisenbach.
John C. Umstead.
Richard Dye.
Levi Marks.
William J. Wellings.
Lewis Updegraph.
John W. Eardly, killed
Thomas P. Marr.
Jacob Wentzel.
George Van Gezer.
at North Anna May
George Mease.
William Wien.
David Yoder.
27, 1864.
John Miller.
Aaron Williamson.
David I. Young.
Samuel Eglof.
Samuel S. Miller.
James Williamson.
John C. Youngman.
Frederick Ervine.
Daniel I. Miller.
William Williams.
Charles Zechnow.
David Espenship.
Jeremiah Miller.
Company K, Union and Snyder Coun-
Andrew F. Everly.
William A. Miller.
William Everett.
Henry Miller.
ties. — The following
is a list of the officers
Samuel Farley, died at
John H. Mocherman.
and men who served in Company K, Fifty-
Knoxville, Tenn., De-
Joseph A. Moll.
first Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers :
cember 19, 1863.
John Moore.
George Fewring.
Henry Fies.
Daniel B. Moyer.
Daniel Moyer.
Captain.
George P. Carman.
John Fike.
John Murphy.
First Lieutenants.
John W. Foote.
Joseph Murphy.
Josiah Kelly.
John B. Linn.
William H. K. Fox.
William H. Myers.
Second Lieutenants.
Ebenezer Frederick.
John A. Nainan.
Franklin Beale.
George H. Frynte.
William L. Oaks.
Frank P. Sterner, promoted captain April 16, 1864,
William Gallagher.
Joseph Pareby.
and killed in action May 12, 1864.
William Gardner.
Robert W. Passell.
Sergeants.
David H. Getty.
Jacob Phleger.
L. J. Crossgrove.
Simon Goss.
Abraham F. C. Phillips.
Thomas C. Pierce, killed in
action front of Petersburg,
Thomas G. Grier, died at
George Purcell.
Va., June 17, 1864.
Moorehead City, N. C,
Jacob Ream.
James Gibson, killed at Petersburg July 30, 1864.
October 6, 1864.
Henry E. Rexford.
John Vanlew.
William Haas.
Jacob Rhoades.
Corp
rirals.
Henry Hain.
Thomas F. Search.
William Buoy, died of wounds received at Cold Har-
John Hain.
Edwin Scales (N. B.)
bor, Va.
Jarret S. Harding.
Joseph Serwatznes.
Henry G. Dentler, died at Andersonville, Ga., May
Joseph Harris.
Lewis I. Shaffer.
17,1864; grave 1161.
Daniel Hartline.
Dwier Shappee.
Edward Held.
David Hartline.
William Shalley.
Thomas J. Arbuckle, died
in captivity.
Jonathan Hefner.
William H- Shriner.
Nathan M. Hann.
George Heffleflnger.
John V. Shreck.
Musician.
Adam Henry.
Daniel Slottman.
Montgomery
S. Adams.
Emanuel Hertzog.
John F. Smith.
Privates.
Isaiah Heitsman.
John D. Smith.
Lewis Aikey.
Kremer Crites.
Thomas Hoffman.
David Smith.
Zechariah Aikey.
Samuel Crossgrove.
Thomas Hoi en.
John H. Smith.
Benjamin Allen.
Thomas Depo.
George F. Holslander.
Jacob Smith.
George W. Bastiau.
Alexander Doebler, taken
John Humphrey.
Isaiah Smith.
Joseph Babcock.
prisoner May 27, 1864.
Hillman Ingersou.
Frederick Smith.
Absalom Baldwin, died
Franklin F. Duck, died
Thomas Jones.
Peter Smith, captured
at Andersonville, Ga.,
in captivity.
Henry J. Keffer.
August 21, 1864; ab-
September 24, 1864.
George Dull, died at
James S. Kelly.
sent at muster out.
James Barnhart.
Alexandria, Va., Sep-
James A. Kelly.
Nathaniel Snyder.
Franklin Bently.
tember 19, 1864; grave
Simon Kneph.
Samuel Snyder.
Richard Berryman.
2683.
Albion G. Knode.
William Steltz.
John Betzer.
John Fangboner.
Joseph Kyseraski.
Charles R. Steward.
David Benfer.
Thomas Foster, killed at
William J. Lattimer.
Patrick Sullivan.
William D. Bower.
Weldon Railroad Aug-
John E. Leamon.
William Swab.
Philip H. Bratton.
ust 19, 1864.
Calvin L. Leinbach.
Adam Swaverly.
Christopher E. Cole.
John Geddes.
Jacob Lenig.
Samuel Taylor.
John F. Cox.
Jonathan J. Gift.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
261
James Garrett, captured;
died at Andersonville,
Ga., August 19, 1864;
grave 6140.
Peter Hanselnian.
John Harris, killed June
17, 1864.
Isaiah Henry.
Daniel Hoover, died June
27, 1864.
Charles Hoover, died at
New York City No-
vember, 12, 1864.
Henry Houtz.
John Huffman.
Jared Ludwig.
Paul M. McBridge.
John Macpherson.
Philip .1. Mann.
James Marr.
William S. Meylert.
David Mills.
Joseph G. Moore.
David G. Ocker.
Joseph G. Poeth.
Benjamin Rank, wounded
at Cold Harbor.
Samuel Rank.
John Rank, died of
wounds received in bat-
tle at Spottsylvania.
John Reese.
David Reichly.
Solomon Reish, captured
at AVeldon Railroad.
Edward Richards, died
September 10, 1864,
of wounds.
Nicholas Reinhart.
Benjamin Rider.
William Riefsnyder.
Samuel Rover.
Benjamin Roush.
Samuel Royer.
Joseph Sarvis.
Ephraim Souders.
William Search.
Thomas Shaffer.
George H. Sherry.
Michael Shiers.
Alfred Shilling, wounded
at Wilderness May 6,
1864.
David Shingle, killed at
Cold Harbor, Va., June
3, 1864.
Henry C. Showers.
David C. Stees.
William M. Stuttsman.
Oliver Summers.
George W. Terry.
Henry Treaster.
William M. Truitt.
Lyman B. Turner.
John Watts.
John Weidell, died Octo-
ber 26, 1864, of wounds
received at Cold Har-
bor June 3, 1864; buried
in National Cemetery,
Arlington.Va.
Robert Wertz.
John Winegardner,
wounded in action
June 6, 1864.
Tobias Yearick.
FIFTY-SECOND REGIMENT.
The Fifty-second Regiment was raised in the
summer and fall of 1861, under the President's
call, issued in July of that year. It was ren-
dezvoused at Camp Curtin, and there organ-
ized under Colonel John C. Dodge, Jr., of
Lycoming County, as commanding officer. In
Company C of this i-egiment were a consider-
able number of Union and Mifflin County
men, while Company D, commanded b}' Cap-
tain James Chamberlain, was recruited in
Union, and composed entirely of men of that
and Snyder Counties.
Tlie regiment left Camp Curtin on tlie 8th
of November, 1861, and proceeded to Washing-
ton, where it occupied a camp on Meridian
Hill, which became its winter quarters.
In the spring campaign of 1862 the regiment
was assigned to General Henry M. Naglee's
(Fii-st) brigade of Casey's (Tiiird) division,
Keyes' (Fourth) corps, Ai'my of the Potomac,
and on March 28th it moved to Alexandria,
there embarking on the steamer " Constitution,"
and being transported to Newport News, Va.,
whence it marched to the front of Yorktown
and took position at Lee's Mills, nearly on the
centre of the army line. Here the army re-
mained four weeks, and on the morning of
Sunday, May 4th, moved forward in pursuit of
the enemy, who had evacuated his works in
the previous night, and retreated to Williams-
burg. At that place, on the following day, was
fought the battle known by that name, in which
the Fifty-second did not become engaged until
late in the day, and sustained but light loss of
men.
Moving up from Williamsburg, the regiment,
with its corps, reached the Chickahominy on
the 20th of May, and defensive works were
soon afterwards thrown up on the south side of
the stream. On the 24th the regiment, with
others of the command, marched on a recon-
noissance to the vicinity of Richmond, pene-
trating to within less than five miles of the
city, though opposed by a heavy force of in-
fantry, artillery and cavalry, under command of
General J. E. B. Stuart. The movement con-
tinued until the 27th, when the Union line was
established from the vicinity of Fair Oaks, by
way of Dr. Garnett's plantation, to the Chicka-
hominy. " The regiment went into camp on
the right of the Nine-Mile road, a half-mile
beyond Fair Oaks, as a support to the pickets
along Garnett's field. No other regiment en-
camped so near Richmond, and during the cam-
paign the picket-Jine extending from White
Oak Swamp to the Chickahominy was never ad-
vanced beyond the ground won by Captain
Davis and his sharps! lOoters [of the Fifty-
second]."
In the battle of Fair Oaks (sometimes known
as that of Seven Pines), which was fought on
the 31st of May and 1st of June, the Fifty-
second Regiment was engaged in the thickest of
the fight during the whole of the first day's
conflict, going into battle with two hundred and
262
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
forty-nine oflficers and men, of whom one hun-
dred and twenty-five were killed or wounded
in the engagement. Among the wounded were
the three commissioned officers of Company D,
— Captain Chamberlain and Lieutenants Samuel
Cuskaden and J. P. S. Weidensaul.
In the battles of Mechanicsville and Gaines'
Mill (June 26th and 27th) the Fifty-second
did not take active part. On the 30th the regi-
ment was under a heavy fire in the enemy's
attempts to cross White Oak Swamp, but was
not heavily engaged during the day. At night
it marched for the James River, and arrived at
Haxall's Landing at 6 A. M., on the 1st of
July. On the following day it reached Har-
rison's Landing, on the James, where it re-
mained about six weeks, and, evacuating that
position with the other commands of the army,
marched down the Peninsula and arrived on the
20th of August at Yorktown, where it remained
for many weeks, garrisoning the entrenchments,
on which, during their stay, they mounted more
than one hundred pieces of artillery of the
heaviest calibre.
In December, 1862, the regiment was trans-
ported to the command of General Foster in
North Carolina, and in that State and in South
Carolina (under the commands of several dif-
ferent general officei's) it remained during the
remainder of its term of service. It was
stationed for a time at Beaufort, N. C, whence
it moved to Port Royal, S. C, and became part
of the force of General Hunter. It took part,
early in April, 1863, in the movement up North
Edisto River for the attack on Charleston. The
plan failed and tlie regiment returned to Beau-
fort, where it remained till July following,
when, as a part of the forces of General Gil-
more, it moved to Folly Island, and on the
night of the 9th moved by steamer up Stono
River and landed on James' Island to assist in
the attack on the Morris Island batteries. This
work continued until the 5th of September,
when the works on the island were abandoned
by their Confederate garrisons.
In December a large part of the regiment
veteranized and received the furlough. Re-
cruits brought its strength up to a thousand,
and it was armed with improved Springfield
muskets. It remained through the winter at
Hilton Head and in the vicinity, making fre-
quent expeditions among the Sea Islands of
South Carolina, but seeing little of heavy fight-
ing. In the following summer (being then a
part of the command of General Foster) it took
part in an attempt to capture Charleston, mov-
ing by boats from Morris Island, on the night
of July 3d, to the assault of Fort Johnson. The
attempt was made in gallant style, but failed ;
for the assaulters, instead of surprising the
garrison, were discovered by them before reach-
ing the work, and the other troops who were
to support them failed even to land from their
boats. The result was that the entire attacking
party were made prisoners of war. The loss of
the Fifty-second was twenty-three killed and
wounded ; among the latter was Lieutenant
George W. Scott, of Company D, mortally.
" Of the men captured, more than fifty perished
amid the horrors of Andersonville and Colum-
bia. The officers were confined at Macon a
while, and afterwards in Charleston, and placed
under the fire of the batteries on Morris Island."
During the remainder of the summer and all
the fall of 1864 the regiment remained on
Morris Island, garrisoning the strong works at
that place, and having in charge the heavy guns
with they were mounted. In the following
winter the Fifty-second was on duty among the
island as " boat infantry," picketing the chan-
nels and the harbor, — a hard and disagreeable
duty. On the 18th of February, 1865, Major
Henuessey, of the regiment, discovered that the
enemy had left Fort Sumter, whereupon he
took a party of men, proceeded to the battered
work, which had defied the Union army and
navy for nearly four years, and in a few mo-
ments the Stars and Stripes again floated above
the crumbling ramparts. From Sumter the
men of the Fifty-second rowed to Castle Pinek-
ney, where they likewise took possession, and
then crossed the narrow harbor to the city of
Charleston, which the enemy were then leaving,
and which they at once yielded on the summons
of Major Hennessey to surrender. This was
the last of the fighting experience of the Fifty-
second. It joined the column of General Sher-
man on its march northward through the Caro-
THE WAR FOR THK UNION.
S6S
Unas (remaining, however, a few weeks at
Salisbury, N. C), and arriving at Wasliington,
was transported thence to Harrisbiirg, where,
on the 12tli of July, it was mustered out of
serviee.
Company D, Union County — The follow-
ing is a roll of the Union County company of
the Fifty-second, viz. :
Captains.
James Chamberlin, resigned May 11, 1863.
Samuel Cuskaden.
First Lieutenant.
J. P. S. Weidensaul.
Second Lieutenants.
Aaron Stoughton. William Phillips.
George W. Scott, died
from wounds received
at James Island, S.
C, July 3, 1864.
Edward Zechman.
Lot Trate.
Jacob Fetter.
William J. Evans.
Jacob Getter.
Joseph H. Pardee.
Michael Flaherty.
Samuel Chalfant.
William Richardson.
William Connelly.
Joseph R. Housel.
B. F. Machamer.
John McPhersnn.
William A. Sober.
James McBride, died at
Washington, D. C.
Corporals.
Joseph McCracken. " Alexander J. Sober.
Thomas Mackey. Samuel Herman.
Enoch Rice. Samuel Dolby.
Martin Young. I. Dunkleberger, died
John Tanibler. June4, 1862, of wounds.
James Campbell. Charles A. Penny, died
John Leidabeck. at Craney Island, Va.,
Elias K. Foust. September 25, 1862.
Patrick Kearney. Gotlieb Smaltzried, died
Peter Sheddel. at Morris Island, S.
Araham Kauffman. C, September 6, 1863.
ilusicians.
Henry Gallagher, died at White House, Va., June 15,
1862.
Charles McGregor.
Privates.
John Able, died at An- Frederick Buck.
napolis, Md., December
21, 1864.
Peter Baker.
Henry Barker.
John Balliett.
William H. Bennett.
Isaac Berkhiser.
Christopher Blake.
James Blake.
Wilson M. Bower.
James Bowers.
Gideon Brocius.
Henry H. Burris.
Michael Callahan, died at
Anderson ville,Ga., Sep-
tember 27, 1864—9886. I
Archibald Carey, died at
Florence, S. C, Novem-
ber 26, 1864.
Samuel Chalfant.
Ira Chappell.
Geo. Chappell.
John Cogin.
John R. Cornelison.
Jackson CorneliuB.
Henry Lenhart.
George Collins.
James Lennard.
P. W. Courtwright, died
Abraham Livengood.
at Hilton Head, S. C,
Samuel Loch.
.Tune 13, 1864.
Zephaniah Long.
Samuel Danner.
Charles Long.
William Danney, died at
John F. Long.
Florence, S. C, Decem-
Isaac Long.
ber 10, 1864.
Jeremiah Lupoid, killed
John Dailey.
at Fort Henry, Tenn.,
John Donachy.
April 2, 1862.
John Doyle.
Edward McGannel, killed
Thomas Doyle.
at Fair Oaks May 31,
Daniel Duck, killed at
1862.
Fair Oaks, May 31,
William Martin.
1862.
David Martin.
James Duryea.
Jeremiah Messersmith.
Philip Emerick.
William Miller.
Richard Evans.
Amzi W. Miller, died at
James Fadden.
Andersonville, Ga., Oc-
James Fenstermacher.
tober 1, 1864.
John Fertig.
Samuel Minnier.
Peter Fisher.
Patrick Moran.
Richard Foulds.
Michael Morrison.
Ch.arles Gahring, died at
Benjamin F. Moyer, kill-
Florence, S. C, Octo-
ed at Fair Oaks .May
ber 18, 1864.
31, 1862.
Lewis Geiger.
John Mussleman, died at
George Gordon.
Yorktown, Va., No-
Jacob Greiger.
vember 27, 1862.
William Grey.
John Musser.
Joseph Gross, died at
Samuel Nagle.
Washington, D. C,
Henry Neifert.
June 19^ 1862.
Dominick O'Gara.
Jeremiah Gunn.
William L. Olby.
Geo. Gooden.
Samuel Ott.
Henry Hall.
John H. Owens.
John Hankey.
Benjamin Pell, died at
Frank Hankey.
Florence, S. C, Octo-
John Heaton.
ber 21, 1864.
Benjamin F. Heimbach.
Henry C. Poeth.
Jeremiah Heller.
Josiah Poole, died Sep-
Andrew Helwick.
tember 23, 1864; buried
Lot Hensyl.
in Cypress Hill Ceme-
Austin S. Houtz.
tery, Long Island.
Lewis Hufford.
Gilbert Poole, captured.
John Hunter.
died in Florence, S. C,
Abram A. Irving.
August 22, 1864.
Henry Jameson.
William Price.
Franklin Jarrett.
Elias F. Pifor.
Daniel Jones.
William Phillips.
John Kinney.
Joseph H. Pardee.
Maurice Kinter.
Charles Rahmer.
Frederick Kirsch.
Thomas D. Ransom.
Jacob Krider.
Samuel Reed, died July,
Daniel Krider.
1864, of wounds re-
Ab. Kauffman.
ceived at Fort Johnson,
Patrick Kearney.
S. C.
0. H. Lemereaux.
Charles Richard.
264
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
James B. Renney, died at
Yorktown, Va., De-
cember 17, 1862.
Frederick Richley.
Henry Rorabacb.
Moritz C. Rutloss.
Samuel Saunders.
Joseph Sheibelhood.
William H. Smith.
Michael Specht, died at
Washington, D. C,
June 24, 1862, of
■wounds received at Fair
Oaks, Va., May 31,
1862.
Joseph Springer.
Salatbiel Sober, killed at
Fair Oaks May 31,
1862.
Aaron Sober.
Nelson Staples, captured ;
died at Florence, S. C,
October 20, 1864.
Franklin Stapleton.
Charles Stetler.
Henry J. Souder, died
at Florence, S. C, Oc-
tober 20, 1864.
David Trutt.
Geo. W. Vertz.
Josiab Wagner.
Gideon Warner, died at
Florence, South Caro-
lina, October 1, 1864.
Thomas Wertz.
John Wheat.
Walter Wheeler.
Philip Williams.
David Willis, died at
Morris Island, S. C,
August 31, 1864.
John Wilson.
J. Womelsdorf.
G. W. Woodward.
Franklin Wright.
Charles Wright.
John Zellers, died at Flo-
rence, S. C, October
1, 1864.
FIFTY-THIRD REGIMENT.
Tlie Fifty-third Regiment had in its organ-
ization one company (I, commanded by Cap-
tain Henry S. Dimm) of men recruited at
Perryville, Juniata County, and one company
(" E," Captain Thomas Church) composed
largely of Union county soldiers ; while men of
Union, Snyder and Mifflin were found serving
in Companies C, D and H. During the period
of its organization the regiment occupied Camp
Curtin, and while here did provost guard duty
in Harrisburg. The following field officers
were selected : John R. Brooke, colonel ; Rich-
ard McMichael, of Reading, lieutenant-colonel ;
and Thomas Yeager, of Allentown, major.
Charles P. Hatch, of Philadelphia, was ap-
pointed adjutant.
On the 7th of November it moved to Wash-
ington and encamped north of tiie Capitol. On
the 27th it crossed the Potomac, went into camp
near Alexandria, and was assigned to a brigade
commanded by General William H. French.
It remained here during the winter of 1861-62,
and was constantly drilled and disciplined in
the routine of a soldier's duty. It participated
in the general advance of the Army of the Po- i
tomac in March, 1862, arriving at Manassas I
Junction, which had been evacuated by the
Confederates on the 12th.
On the 2Ist it was marched to Warrenton
Junction to support a reconnoisance of How-
ard's brigade, which was being pushed toward
the Rappahannock. The object having been
accomplished, on the 23d it returned to Man-
assas and from thence to Alexandria. Upon
the reorganization of the army the regiment
was assigned to the Third Brigade,' First Divi-
sion, Second Corps. On the 3d of April it
was transferred with McClellan's army to the
Peninsula, and formed part of the reserve
division during the siege of Yorktown.
The enemy having retreated, on the 4th of
May the regiment marched to Yorktown, and
late on the afternoon of the same day moved
through a pelting storm of rain towards Wil-
liamsburg. It was ordered back on the 6th
and remained until the 12th, when it was trans-
ported to West Point, at the head of York
River. Later in the month it assisted to build
the Grape-A'^ine bridge across the Chickahom-
iny. The regiment took a prominent part in
the engagement at Fair Oaks, where, though
surprised and thrown into temporary confusion,
it rallied and in a short time forced the enemy
from his line. Its conduct on this occasion was
such as to elicit the commendation of the gen-
erals commanding. It suffered a severe loss in
the death of Major Yeager, who was killed in
the early part of the action while gallantly
leading his men. The regiment lost ninety-six
men in killed, wounded and missing.
It bivouacked upon the battle-ground and
supjjorted a battery in position on the York
River Railroad. On the 27th it moved to the
right, where a deadly conflict was raging, and
was thrown forward to the assistance of Porter's
' Organization of the Third Brigade (Brigadier-General
William H. French), First Division (Major-Geneval Israel
B. Richardson), Second Corps (Major-General E. V. Sum-
ner).— Fifty-third Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers,
Colonel John R. Brooke ; Fifty-second Regiment New
York Volunteers, Colonel Frank Paul ; Fifty-seventh Regi-
ment New York Volunteers, Colonel Samuel K. Zook ;
Sixty-sixth Regiment New York Volunteers, Colonel James
C. Pinckney ; Second Regiment Delaware Volunteers,
Colonel Henry W. Wharton ; Battery B, First New York
Artillery, Captain Rufus D. Pettit.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
265
troops. It crossed the Chickahorainy and came
under fire of the enemy at Gaines' Mill. Form-
ing in line of battle, the command covered the
withdrawal of the troops, and at midnight
silently recrossed the Chickahominy. Here
began the memorable " change of base," in
which it was the arduous duty of Sumner's
corps to cover the rear of the retreating army.
The post of honor and of danger — the rear of
the rear-guard — was assigned to the Third
Brigade. At Peach Orchard, on the 29th, it
participated in a fierce engagement, in which a
number of casualities occurred, but none were
killed. Immediately after the close of the ac-
tion General Sumner rode up and complimented
the regiment for its bravery, saying, " Yuu have
done nobly, but I knew you would do so."
Moving to Savage Station, Sumner made
another stand to check the enemy. The regi-
ment occupied a position in a wood, parallel to
the railroad, and was fortunately favored by
the high-ranged shot and shell of the Confeder-
ate artillery. After a short but desperate en-
counter the enemy withdrew, and at midnight
the line of retreat was silently resumed.
The march now began to test the endurance
of the troops, and the situation became one
fraught with peril. One small brigade, stand-
ing fearlessly alone in midnight darkness, was
holding in check, almost at the point of the
bayonet, one-half the Confederate army, while
friends from whom no succor could be expected
were swiftly moving to the rear. Silently the
command plunged into the deep shadows of
White Oak Swamp. At daylight the regiment
reached White Oak Creek, beyond which was
its corps in bivouac. Crossing the creek, it
immediately began destroying the bridge. The
advance of the enemy soon made its appearance,
and commenced skirmishing, but was prevented
from crossing the stream. Several of his
batteries having been placed in position, opened
fire and were very annoying. Although not
actively engaged, the regiment had several
killed and wounded.
Withdrawing at midnight, the Fifty-third
arrived at ISIalvern Hill on the morning of
July 1st, and was almost constantly under fire,
although it did not participate in the engage-
ment. The duty assigned to it, in the retreat
from the Chickahominy to the James, was of
such an im2:)ortant nature as to merit and re-
ceive the thanks of the commanding general, as
well as of the intermediate commanders, and
Colonel Brooke was highly complimented for
the skillful and soldierly qualities displayed in
conducting his command successfully through
so many perils. Arriving at Harrison's Land-
ing, the regiment remained until the 16th of
August. Here the Sixty-fourth New York was
temporarily attached to the Fifty -third for the
jjurposes of drill, discipline and camp duty, all
under command of Major Octavius S. Bull,
who had been promoted to fill the vacancy
occasioned by the death of ]\Iajor Yeager,
Colonel Brooke being in command of the
brigade and Lieutenant-Colonel McMichael
absent on account of sickness.
Moving via Yorktown to Newport News, it
embarked for Alexandria, where it arrived on
the 28th, and eneimped on the following day
at Lee's Farm, near the Aqueduct Bridge.
The cannonade of the contending forces at Bull
Run was distinctly heard, and the men were
eager to again meet the foe. At 2 A.M. of the
30th, in light marching order, the command
moved toward Centreville. But the battle had
been fought, and Pope's army was retreating to
the defenses of Washington. Reaching Centre-
ville on the 31st, it was promptly deployed in
line of battle, protecting the exposed flanks of
the Union army. Here again Sumner's corps
was interposed between the enemy aud our re-
treating troops. Near Viemia the regiment
and one section of a battery were thrown for-
ward on the Leesburg turnpike to guard the
flank of the column against any sudden attack
of tlie enemy. A force of rebel cavalry made a
dash upon the Union troops between the pike
and Chain Bridge, entirely separating the regi-
ment from the main column. Colonel Brooke,
seeing the danger and the difiicultv of cutting
his way through, moved his command at double-
quick down the pike and thei'eby insured its
safety before the enemy discovered the manoeu-
vre. On the 3d of September it rejoined the
army at Tenallytown. On the 11th, General
French, who had endeared himself to the troops
266
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
of his brigade, was assigned to the command of
a division, and was succeeded by Colonel Brooke.
The enemy was now marching into Mary-
land, and the Third Brigade moved rapidly
throngh Washington to Frederick, and thence
to South Mountain, where it was held in reserve
during the battle. On the 15th it moved in
pursuit, skirmishing during the morning with
the enemy's cavalry, drove him through Boones-
borough and Keedysville, and encountered his
army in strong force on the iiighlands beyond
Antietam Creek. The following day was oc-
cupied chiefly in manoeuvring for position, the
regiment being under artillery fire and suffer-
ing some casualties. At 4 a.m. of the 17th
the regiment left its position on the Keedysville
road, and moving a mile to the right, crossed
Antietam Creek at a ford. It occupied the ex-
treme right of tiie division. In front was the
" sunken road " occupied oy the enemy's first
line. His second line was protected by a stone
wall on the hill beyond. To the right and rear
was an orchard, immediately in front of which
was the cornfield wiiere, subsequently, the battle
raged with great fury. It was important to
drive the enemy from tliis position, and the
Fifty-third was chosen for the charge. Chang-
ing front to the rear, and advancing at double-
quick, in a short but desperate contest it drove
him from his well-chosen ground. The regi-
ment was subsequently engaged in the hottest of
the fight and shared the varying fortunes of the
day. The position gained w:is of great impor-
tancs, and was held with tenacity until the regi-
ment was ordered to the support of a battery.
Tlie loss in killed and wounded was twenty-
eight.
On the 22d it forded the Potomac at Har-
per's Ferry, and encamped on the following
day on Bolivar Heights. Here the wasted
energies of the troops were recruited, and full
rations and clothing, which had been much
needed, were furnished. On the 16th of Oc-
tober it participated, under command of Major
Bull, in a reconnoisance to Charlestown, skir-
mishing with and driving the enemy and occu-
pying the town. Captain Minlzer, of Com-
pany A, was apj)ointed provost-marshal of the
place, who at once instituted a search, and
captured a number of prisoners. The object
of the reconnoisance having been accomplished,
the command returned to camp. Moving from
Bolivar Heights on the 30th of October, it
crossed the Shenandoah River, and proceeded
down the Loudon Valley, participating in a
skirmish with the enemy on the 4th at Snicker's
Gap, driving him out and occupying it until
the column liad passed. It arrived at Warren-
Ion on the 9th, when General Burnside assumed
command of the Army of the Potomac, and
projected the movement upon Fredericksburg.
The regiment proceeded to Falmouth, where it
arrived on the 19th, and performed provost
guard duty until the 11th of December, when
it left quarters and took position nearly oppo-
site Fredericksburg in support of the batteries
that were engaged in bombarding the town.
Early on the 12th it crossed the river, and,
forming a skirmish line, drove the enemy's
sharpshooters out of the city, with the loss of
one mortally wounded, when it was relieved,
and rested for the night on the river-bank.
Early on the morning of Saturday, the 13th,
under a dense fog, the regiment marched into
the city and halted for half an hour under fire of
confederate artillery. The fight was opened at
the front, near Marye's Heights, by French's
division, which was repulsed. Soon after the
Third Brigade, led by the Fifty-second, moved,
amidst a shower of deadly missiles, by the
right flank, up St. Charles Street, and formed
in line of battle along the edge of the town.
The Confederate infantry, but a few hundred
yards in front, was protected by a stone wall
along a sunken road, while, immediately above,
the hill-tops were bristling with cannon. At
the word of command. Colonel Brooke, at the
head of his regiment, led the charge, under a
storm of shot and shell that swept the ranks
with terrible effect. But, undismayed, they
closed up and pressed steadily on till they
reached a position within one hundred and
fifty yards of the enemy's lines, which was held,
despite every effort to dislodge them, even after
their ammunition was spent. At evening,
when the battle was over and the day was
lost, what remained of the regiment retired
silently from its position and returned to the
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
Wl
city. It went into battle with two hundred
and eighty-three effective men. Of these, one
hundred and fifty-eight were either killed or
wounded.
The regiment now returned to its old posi-
tion as provost guard to Falmouth. On the
following week it formed part of a detach-
ment, under command of Colonel Brooke, that
crossed the river, under a flag of truce, for the
purpose of burying the dead. During the two
days occupied in this work nine hundred and
thirteen were interred and six were dispatched
to their friends. The Confederate soldiers had
stripped the bodies of the dead in a most heart-
less manner. In many cases fingers were cut
off to get possession of rings. The Fifty-third
remained at Falmouth until February 1, 1863.
While here three companies, under command of
Major Bull, were detailed as provost guard at
division headquarters. The major was assigned
to the staif of General Couch, and remained
successively with Generals Couch, Hancock,
Hays, Warren, and again with Hancock in the
Wilderness campaign until the 18th of May,
1864.
On the 28th of April the regiment moved on
the Chancellorsville campaign, and, crossing the
Rappahannock at United States Ford, for three
days was actively engaged, suffering consider-
able loss. Upon the withdrawal of the army
it returned to its old camping-ground near Fal-
mouth. On the 14th of June the Fifty-third,
which was now attached to the Fourth Brigade
of the First Division of the Second Corps, left
camp and marched to Banks' Ford to watch
the movements of the enemy, who was about
entering on his Pennsylvania campaign. With-
drawing from the ford when it was found that
the rebel columns had pa.ssed, the command
moved forward with the army, and on the 20th
made a forced march to Thoroughfiire Gap,
where it remained in position until the 25th,
when the enemy attacked, driving in the pick-
ets, and, as our column had now passed, the
command was withdrawn. JMarching rapidly
towards Gettysburg, it arrived upon the field at
eight o'clock on the morning of the 2d of July
and took position in rear of the line of the
Third Corps, then forming. Later in the day
it moved to the left, near Little Round Top,
and at three o'clock p.m. became hotly engaged.
A Confederate battery, posted upon an emi-
nence beyond a wheat-field, had Ijecome very
annoying to our troops. Colonel Bro(jke led a
charge, in the face of its destructive fire, to
capture it or drive it away. At the word of
command the men dashed forward and, with
loud shouts, drove the enemy, scattering his
ranks, and gained the position. The lines uj)on
his right and left had fiiiled to advance as far,
and, discovering that the enemy was taking
prompt advantage of his fearfully exposed
flanks, the colonel reluctantly ordered his men
to retire to his first position, which was executed,
but not without serious loss. On the 3d the
regiment was under a heavy artillery fire, but
was not actively engaged. In this battle the
command was much reduced in number, three
companies being still on detached duty, and the
remainder having but one hundred and twenty-
four men. Of this number, only forty-five
escaped uninjured. Six were killed, seventy-
three wounded and missing. Of the latter were
Captains Dimm and Hatfield and Lieutenants
Pifer, Shields, Root, Smith, Whitaker and
Mann and Sergeant-jNIajor Rutter.
Remaining upon the battle-field until noon
of the 5th, the regiment marched in pursuit of
the retreating enemy, and arrived on the 11th at
Jones' Cross-Roads, near which the Confederate
ai'my was in position In the evening it ad-
vanced in line, driving back the enemy's skir-
mishers, and during the following night threw up
breast-works. On the 14th it was deployed in
line at right angles to the Williamspoi't road,
and advanced cautiously, only to discover that
the Confederates had vacated their works
and fled. After remaining for a few days in
Pleasant Valley, it crossed the Potomac, and,
marching down the Loudon Valley, made
descents upon Ashby's and INIanassas Gaps,
passed White Plains, New Baltimore and A\'ar-
renton, and arrived on the 1st of August at
Morrisville, whei-e it went into camp. In the
toilsome cimipaigns M'liich followed, ending at
Mine Run, the regiment participated, encounter-
ing the enemy at Rappahannock Station and at
Bristow, and losing some men. It went into
268
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
winter-quarters at Stevensburg, where the men
re-ealisted, and on the 27th of December pro-
ceeded to Harrisburg, where they were dis-
missed for a veteran furlough. Upon their
return to the army they again encamped near
Stevensburg, in their old quarters, where they
remained until the opening of the spring cam-
paign.
On the 4th of May, 1864, the regiment broke
camp, and crossing the Rapidan at Ely's Foi'd,
marched to Chancellorsville. On the following
day it moved forward and confronted the enemy
in his earth-works, and again on the 6th was
engaged, but without serious loss. At evening
of the 9th it moved forward to the Po River,
which it crossed, and at once met the enemy,
the contest being continued with spirit for
several hours, resulting in considerable loss to
the command, but, owing to the woods and
undergrowth taking fire from the explosion of
the shells, without any decided advantage.
Late on the evening of the 11th, withdrawing
from its j^osition on the Po, it proceeded about
six miles towards Spottsylvania.
There, on the following morning, it stood in
column in readiness to join in the grand charge
of the veteran Second Corps npcjn the strongly-
fortified position of the enemy. Advancing si-
lently until within a short distance of his
works, the well-formed lines rushed forward
with wild hurrahs, and, in face of the desper-
ate defense offered, carried the position, captur-
ing an entire division. No more brilliant or
decisive charge was made during the campaign
than this. Captain Whitney and Lieutenant
Foster were among the killed. Colonel Brooke
was promoted to brigadier-general soon after
this engagement. Major Bull to lieutenant-
colonel and Captain Dimm to major ; subse-
quently, upon the muster out of service of
the latter. Captain William M. Mintzer was
made major.
The regiment remained in the vicinity of
Spottsylvania, throwing up earth- works at dif-
ferent points and almost constantly under fire,
until the 25th of May, when it crossed the
Pamunkey, thence to Tolopotomoy Creek, and
on the 2d of June arrived at Cold Harbor. It
was pushed close up to the enemy's entrenched
line and immediately threw up breast-works.
At five o'clock on the morning of the 3d a furi-
ous but futile effort was made to drive the enemy
from his position. Two other gallant charges
were made, wherein men never marched to
death with stouter hearts ; but all in vain. In
these charges the Fifty-third suffered severely.
General Brooke, commanding the brigade, was
severely wounded by a canister-shot in the
hand and thigh. Captain Dimm and Lieuten-
ant Pifer were also severely wounded.
On the night of June 12th the regiment
marched, and, crossing the Chickahominy and
James Rivers, arrived on the evening of the
16th in front of Petersburg. In the afternoon
a charge was ordered upon the enemy's strong
works, which was gallantly executed, but was
repulsed, the Fifty-third losing in this desper-
ate struggle nearly seventy men. On the 22d
an attempt was made to establish a new line,
which proved alike unsuccessful. For several
weeks digging and the construction of defen-
sive works constituted the principal occupation
of the troops.
On the 26th of June the regiment moved
with the brigade to the right of the line, beyond
the James River, and for two weeks was engaged
in promiscuous skirmishing along the hostile
works, after which it returned to the neighbor-
hood of Petersburg. On the 12th of August
the command again returned to the left bank
of the James, where it skirmished heavily
Mnth the enemy until the 21st, when it recrossed
the James and the Appomattox, and, passing in
rear of the army to the extreme left of the line,
commenced demolishing the Weldon Railroad,
near Ream's Station. Five miles had already
been destroyed when the enemy appeared in
force, and a line of battle was hastily formed
to repel his advance and protect the working-
parties. His first charge was gallantly repulsed.
But reforming and massing his troops in heavy
columns, he again struck with overpowering
force upon the Union lines, and was partially
successful in breaking them. But his advantage
was gained at a fearful cost, and he was finally
forced to abandon the contest, and the Union
forces retired to their lines in front of Peters-
burg. During the autumn and winter months
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
269
the regiment was engaged in severe duty in the
front lines before the besieged city. On tlic
18th of September, Colonel MoMichael having
been discharged upon the expiration of his term
of service, Lieutenant-Colonel Bull was pro-
moted colonel, Major Mintzer lieutenant-colonel
and Captain Philip H. Shreyer major. In
November, upon the muster out of service of
the colonel, Lieutenant-Colonel Mintzer was
made colonel, Captain George C. Anderson
lieutenant-colonel, and Captain George D. Pifer
major.
On the 28th of March, 1865, the regiment
moved on its last campaign, proceeding directly
to the Boydton Plank-Road, where, on the
31st, it was briskly engaged. The Fifth Corps
was now actively employed in pushing the
enemy from his foot-hold about Petersburg,
and in this the Second Corps was called to its
aid. In the operations at Five Forks the regi-
ment joined, charging the enemy's lines, driving
him in confusion, and taking possession of a
portion of the South Side Railroad. In this
engagement ISIajor Pifer led the Fifty-third,
Colonel Mintzer having been placed temporarily
in command of a detachment skillfully deployed
to deceive a division of the enemy and prevent
him from changing his position. For the suc-
cess attained in this service Colonel Mintzer
was promoted brevet brigadier-general. Fol-
lowing up the retreating enemy, the regiment
participated in the capture of his wagon-trains
at Deep Creek, on the 6th of April, and was at
the front on the day of the surrender of the
Confederate army. Encamping for a short time
near Burkesville, it proceeded from thence,
through Richmond and Fredericksburg, to
Alexandria, participated in the grand review
of the armies at Washington, on the 23d of
May, and was finally mustered out of service
on the 30th of June, 1865.
Below are given rolls of the Juniata, Union
and Snyder County companies of the regiment.
Company E, Union County. — The follow-
ing is a list of the officers and men who served
in Company E, Fifty-third Regiment :
Captains.
Thomas Church. Beach C. Animons.
Daniel Artman.
First Lieutenant .
Henry V. Menges.
Second Lieutenant.
Albert H. Hess.
First Sergeant.
John R. Smith.
Sergeants.
William Ulrich. David Davis.
Joseph Hartly. John Milsom.
Corporals.
William Parry. William Byrne.
James Harvey. Ezekiel Gilham.
Archibald McPherson. John McCollum.
William Tovy.
Musicians.
Jacob Bingaman. Daniel Bingaman.
Teamster.
David Kohlen.
Privates.
Daniel J. Bingaman. Jefferson Kaler.
James Bingaman, died William McCollum.
at Annapolis, Md, De- John McPherson.
cember 20, 1864. Charles P. Marsh.
Sylvester Buoy. John Oldfield.
John Cushion. John Price.
Thomas Davis. Oliver P. Rearick.
Job Davis. William Sergeant.
Samuel Dickison. Russel Slayman.
William Drum. Samuel Snyder.
George Getz. William Stevens.
Richard Hancock. William H. Thomas.
William Hancock. Daniel Tovy.
James Hayden. Eisle Ulrich.
George Heinback. Henry C. Walters.
Isaac Hess. David M. L. Wiehr.
Francis Hess.
Company I, Juniata County. — The fol-
lowing served in Company I, Fifty-third
Regiment, which was recruited at Perryville,
Juniata County :
Henry S. Dimm, captain, mustered in November S,
1861, three years; commissioned m.ijor May 17,
1864; not mustered; discharged September 14,
1804, for wounds received in action.
George D. Pifer, captain, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years ; promoted from second to first
lieutenant December 13, 1862; to captain Sep-
tember 14, 1864; to major December 13, 1864.
William Van Ormer, captain, mustered in October
10, 1861, three years ; promoted from first ser-
geant to second lieutenant May 17, 1864 ; to first
lieutenant November 2, 1864; to captain Decem-
ber 14, 1864 ; mustered out with company June
30, 1865 ; veteran.
Isaac T. Cross, first lieutenant, mustered in October
10, 1861, three years ; killed at Fredericksburg
December 13, 1862.
270
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
John Whitaker, first lieutenant, mustered in October
10, 1861, three years; promoted from private to
second lieutenant January 1, 1863 ; to first lieu-
tenant September 22, 1864; mustered out Oc-
tober 8, 186-1, expiration of term.
Henry Speice, first lieutenant, mustered in October
10, 1861, three years; promoted to sergeant; to
first sergeant September 28, 1864 ; to second
lieutenant November 2, 1864; to first lieutenant
December 15, 1864; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865 ; veteran.
Samuel Coldron, second lieutenant, mustered in Oc-
tober 10, 18G1, three years; promoted to sergeant ;
to first sergeant November 2, 1864; to second
lieutenant December 15, 1864; mustered out
with company June 30, 1865 ; veteran.
Frederick Stroup, first sergeant, mustered in Oc-
tober 10, 1861, three years ; promoted to ser-
geant; to first sergeant April 1,1865; mustered
out with company June 30, 1865 ; veteran.
George Meredith, sergeant, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years; promoted to sergeant January
1, 1863 ; mustered out with company June 30,
1865; veteran.
Enoch Hastings, sergeant, "mustered in January 30,
1864, three years ; promoted from corporal to ser-
geant April 1, 1865; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865 ; veteran.
Thomas Crimmell, sergeant, mustered in October 19,
1861, three years ; promoted to sergeant Novem-
ber 2, 1864; mustered out with company June
30, 1865 ; veteran.
William Heim, sergeant, mustered in October 19,
1861, three years ; promoted to sergeant Novem-
ber 1,1864; wounded in action March 31, 1865 ;
discharged by General Order June 12, 1865 ;
veteran.
William Harris, sergeant, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years; promoted to sergeant; died
August 15, 1864, of wounds received at Deep
Bottom, Va. ; veteran.
Philip Keeley, sergeant, mustered in January 30,
1864, three years ; died August 15, 1864, of
wounds received at Deep Bottom.
Israel A. Kline, sergeant, mustered in October 12,
1861, three years; killed at Hatcher's Run, Va.,
March 31,1865; veteran.
William A. Zeiders, corporal, mustered in October
10, 1861, three years ; promoted to corporal De-
cember 1, 1864; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865 ; veteran.
Henry Landis, corporal, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years ; promoted to corporal August 16,
1864; mustered out with company June 30, 1865 ;
veteran.
Isaac Coldron, corporal, mustered in February 27,
1864, three years ; promoted to corporal August
16, 1864 ; mustered out with company June 30,
1865.
James Skinner, corporal, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years ; promoted to corporal October
1, 1864; mustered out with company June 30,
1865; veteran.
Harrison Foltz, corporal, mustered in February 17,
1864, three years; promoted to corporal April 1,
1865 ; mustered out with company June 30,
1865.
L. A. Masterson, corporal, mustered in February 20,
1864, three years ; promoted to corporal June 1,
1864 ; mustered out with company June 30, 1865 ;
veteran.
Hibb. D. Entriken, corporal, mustered in November
8, 1861, three years ; promoted to corporal ;
prisoner from June 22, 1864, to April 9, 1865 ;
discharged by General Order May 15, 1865 ;
veteran.
Jeremiah Latta, corporal, mustered in August 27,
1863; three years; drafted; discharged by Gen-
eral Order May 15, 1865 ; veteran.
William Patton, corporal, mustered in February 27,
1864, three years ; discharged by General Order
June 16, 1865.
Jesse Stover, corporal, mustered in September 18,
1863, three years ; discharged by General Order
June 20, 1865.
Moses B. Slough, corporal, mustered in September 18,
1863, three years ; discharged by General Order
June 20, 1865.
Nathan Crimmell, corporal, mustered in January 30,
1864, three years ; died May 20, 1865, of wounds
received in action ; buried in National Cemetery,
Arlington, Va.
Frank Hart, corporal, mustered in September 6, 1864,
one year ; substitute ; died March 29, 1865 ; buried
in National Cemetery, Arlington, Va.
William Rogers, corporal, mustered in January 30,
1864, three years; discharged May 30, 1865, for
wounds received in action.
Jacob Laub, musician, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
30, 1865 ; veteran.
Daniel S. Rice, musician, mustered in February 1,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
Samuel Aurant, private, mustered in November 4,
1861, three years ; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865; veteran.
John W. Ashton, private, mustered in October 22,
1863, three years ; substitute ; mustered out with
company June 30, 1865.
Charles Allen, private, mustered in September 18,
1863, three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
Lucien Auman, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years; mustered out October 30,
1864, expiration of term.
B. F. Armstrong, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
THE WAE FOR THE UNION.
271
JMichael Auman, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
William Bowman, private, mustered in February 22,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
Robert Brooks, private, mustered in August 30, 1864,
three years, substitute ; mustered out with com-
pany June 30, 1865.
Henry Barrett, private, mustered in August 26, 1864,
three years; absent, sick, at muster out.
Franklin Brown, private, mustered in August 25,
1864, three years; substitute; absent, sick, at
muster out.
William B. Brisian, private, mustered in September
18, 1863, three years; mustered out with com-
pany June 30, 1865.
Austin Brown, private, mustered in February 18,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
Steward Buckton, private, mustered in September 21,
1863, three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
Thomas Burk, private, mustered in September 21,
1863, three years; absent, sick, at muster out.
John J. Baily, mustered in December 30, 1863, three
years ; mustered out with company June 30,
1865; veteran.
James Browman, private, mustered in February 16,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
Elchard Burns, private, mustered in August 27, 1864,
one year; substitute; discharged by General Or-
der May 31, 1865.
Joseph Brenner, private, mustered in September 1,
1864, one year; substitute; discharged by Gen-
eral Order May 31, 1865.
Alfred Bates, private, mustered in August 24, 1864,
one year; substitute; discharged by General Or-
der May 31, 1865.
Charles Baker, private, mustered in December 26,
1864, one year; substitute ; discharged by General
Order May 31, 1865.
Eobert Bostwick, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years; died at Yorktown, Va., Jan-
uary 29, 1862.
John P. Batton, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Samuel Bostwick, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Benjamin Benford, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
John S. Boell, private, mustered in November 4, 1861,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
J. Scott Bryant, private, mustered in April 2, 1862,
three years ; died August 8, 1863 ; buried in Cy-
press Hill Cemetery, L. I.
James S. Cox, private, mustered in February 24,
1864, three years; wounded at Spottsylvania
Court-House May 12, 1864; absent at muster
out.
James Calahan, private, mustered in December 22,
1863, three years; substitute; discharged by
General Order June 1, 1865.
Benjamin Crawford, private, mustered in August 23,
1863, one year ; substitute ; discharged by Gen-
eral Order May 31, 1865.
George W. Clair, private, mustered in August 21,
1863, three years ; discharged by General Order
June 1, 1865.
G. W. Carpenter, Jr., private, mustered in October
10, 1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Allen Cameron, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate October 12, 1862.
William Campbell, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Benjamin F. Clement, private, mustered in November
4, 1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
G. N. Carpenter, Sr., private, mustered in November
4, 1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
John W. Cross, private, mustered in November 4,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
J. T. Carpenter, private, mustered in November 8,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Samuel Deickley, private, mustered in August 25,
1864, three years ; substitute ; absent, sick, at
muster out.
John Doyle, private, mustered in August 22, 1863,
three years; prisoner from October 14, 1863, to
March 15, 1864 ; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
Alexander Droukey, private, mustered in February
28, 1864, three years ; wounded at Spottsylvania
Court-House May 10, 1864 ; absent at muster out.
George Dye, private, mustered in March 27, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company June
30, 1865.
Peter David, private, mustered in September 18,
1863, three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
William Doughton, private, mustered in July 29,
1864, one year ; discharged by General Order
May 31, 1865.
Henry Dingman, private, mustered in April 4, 1864,
three years ; discharged by General Order June
7,1865.
Theoph. T. Davis, private, mustered in November 4,
1861, three years; promoted to commissary -ser-
geant December 24, 1863.
William Everett, private, mustered in September 8,
1863, three years; wounded in action October
29, 1864 ; absent at muster out.
William E. English, private, mustered in April 25,
1864, one year ; substitute ; discharged by Gen-
eral Order May 31, 1865.
Geo. ^\'. Edwards, private, mustered in February 2,
1864, three years.
James Flemons, private, mustered in November 8,
1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
272
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Frederick Ford, private, mustered in September 3,
1864, one year ; substitute ; discharged by Gen-
eral Order May 31, 1865.
John H. Foltz, private, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years; promoted to hospital steward Novem-
ber 16, 1864; veteran.
Isaac Fry, private, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years; died November 7, 1862 ; buried in
National Cemetery, Antietam, Md., section 26,
lot E, grave 466.
James Galbraith, private, mustered in October 3,
1864, three years; absent, sick at muster out.
George N. George, private, mustered in February 18,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
John Graham, private, mustered in October 19, 1861,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Nelson Gross, private, mustered in November 4, 1861,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
David E. Haggry, private, mustered in October 29,
1863, three years ; substitute ; mustered out with
company June 30, 1865.
David Heizer, private, mustered in February 1, 1864,
three years ; missing at Spottsylvania Court-
House May 12, 1864.
Stephen Hadfield, private, mustered in August 30,
1864, three years ; substitute ; mustered out with
company June 30, 1865.
William Herny, private, mustered in October 26,
1863, three years ; substitute ; mustered out with
company June 30, 1865.
Michael Homes, private, mustered in January 26,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
Josiah Haldeman, private, mustered in January 30,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
William W. Hall, private, mustered in February 29,
1864, three years ; missing at Petersburg, Va.,
June 16, 1864.
Jonathan Hartman, private, mustered in September
1, 1864, one year ; substitute ; discharged by Gen-
eral Order May 31, 1865.
Henry A. Heiser, private, mustered in October 19,
1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
George Husfield, private, mustered in September 1,
1864, one year ; substitute ; discharged by Gen-
eral Order May 31, 1865.
Thomas Hash, private, mustered in August 24, 1863,
three years ; discharged by General Order June
1, 1865.
J, M. Humphrey, private, mustered in February 1,
1864, three years ; died June 8, 1864, of wounds
received at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864 ; buried in
National Cemetery, Arlington, Va.
Wm. A. Howzell, private, mustered in January 3,
1864, three years; died September 4, 1864;
buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Va.
John Heiser, private, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years; died August 29, 1864, of wounds re-
ceived in action ; veteran.
Oliver M. Hanna, private, mustered in November 23,
1864, three years.
Philip Harris, private, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years; veteran.
Isaac Heim, private, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years; not on muster-out roll.
Philip Heiser, private, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Joseph P. Holman, private, mustered in August 10,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Benjamin Harris, private, mustered in October 10,
1861 ; three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Thomas H. Irwin, private, mustered in March 1, 1864,
three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
Edwin G. Justin, private, mustered in August 20,
1864, three years ; substitute ; mustered out with
company June 30, 1865.
Frazier G. Johnston, private, mustered in August 18,
1864, three years; substitute; mustered out with
company June 30, 1865.
Henry E. Jeffries, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years; died March 3, 1862; buried in
National Cemetery, Antietam, Md., section 26,
lot E, grave 496; burial record February 28, 1863.
Hiram Jackson, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Henry Kope, private, mustered in August 22, 1864,
three years ; substitute ; absent, sick, at muster
out.
Michael Kilhulley, private, mustered in February 29,
1864, three years; wounded in action May 3,
1864 ; absent at muster out.
Jacob C. Keyser, private, mustered in August 29,
1863, three years ; drafted ; captured at Spottsyl-
vania Court-House May 12, 1864; absent at
muster out.
Francis Keirst, private, mustered in July 29, 1863,
three years; mustered out with company June
30, 1865.
Frederick Klutz, private, mustered in August 26,
1864, one year; substitute; discharged by Gen-
eral Order July 10, 1865.
Hugh Kohoran, private, mustered in September 1,
1864, one year; substitute; discharged by Gen-
eral Order May 31, 1865.
Jacob Krinner, private, mustered in August 27, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; discharged by General Or-
der June 1, 1865.
Joseph Kline, private, mustered in August 22, 1864,
one year; substitute; discharged by General Or-
der June 2, 1865.
William Knight, private, mustered in December 26,
1863, three years; substitute; discharged by
General Order June 1, 1865.
Jonathan Keeley, private, mustered ' in [January 30,
1864, three years; died June 3, 1864, ofwoundsre-
THE WAR FOR THE UNIOX.
273
ceived at Cold Hai bor ; buried in National Cem-
etery, Cold Harbor, Section B.
Samuel A. Kaufman, private, mustered in February
20, l.S(34, three years; died June 3, 18li4, of wounds
received at Spottsylvania Court-House May 12,
18(54; veteran.
Milton Kurtz, private, mustered in October 10, 18G1,
three years; captured; died at Richmond, Va.,
December 16, 1864; veteran.
Abraham Kaley, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Henry Kleekner, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Jacob H. Kleekner, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Edw. Killelley, private, mustered in November 8,
1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Amos T. Lauer, private, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
30, 1865 ; veteran.
John Lucas, private, mustered in August 29, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; absent, sick, at muster
out.
John G. Lytle, private, mustered in February 29,
1864, thi-ee years; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
John Lester, private, mustered in August 25, 1864,
one year ; substitute ; discharged by General
Order May 31, 1865.
Victor Linkey, private, mustered in September 21,
1864, one year; substitute; discharged by Gen-
eral Order May 31, 1865.
Jacob Lowman, private, mustered in September 21,
1864, one year; substitute; discharged by Gen-
eral Order May 31, 1865.
Jeremiah Lilly, private, mustered in August 17, 1863,
three yeai-s ; drafted ; discharged by General
Order May 3, 1865.
Robert Long, private, mustered in November 8, 1861,
three years ; captured ; discharged by General
Order June 16, 1865 ; veteran.
George Lowery, private, mustered in January 30,
1864, three years ; killed at Hatcher's Run March
31, 1865.
Conrad Linzel, private, mustered in October 3, 1864,
one year ; drafted ; died May 26, 1864, of wounds
received at Sj^ottsylvauia Court House May 12
1864.
William Long, private, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years; not on muster-out roll.
William H. Mumford, private, mustered in March 31,
1 864, three years ; wounded at ^\'ilderness Jlay
8, 1865; absent at muster out.
Jacob Misliler, private, mustered in August 31, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; mustered out witli company
June 30, 1865.
Paul Martin, private, mustered in August 21, 1863,
three years, absent, sick, at muster out.
]8
Frederick Masters, private, mustered in September
17, 1863, three years; absent, sick, at muster
out.
Elias C. Minuim, private, mustered in February 2,
1864, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate October 4, 1864.
Alonzo Miller, private, mustered in February 2, 18C4,
three years ; discharged by General Order May
31, 1865.
William M. Markley, private, mustered in August 22,
1864, one year ; substitute ; dischargee by Gen-
eral Order May 31, 1865.
George A. Mowry, private, mustered in August 22,
1864, one year; substitute; discharged by Gen-
eral Order May 31, 1865.
John A. Moore, private, mustered in August 31, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; discharged by General
Order June 1, 1865.
Henry Markle, private, mustered in October 19, 1861,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
William H. Martin, private, mustered in October 19,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
John McDaniels, private, mustered in November
1, 1864, one year; substitute ; mustered out wiih
company June 30, 1865.
Dennis McSorley, private, mustered in September 3,
1864, three years ; substitute ; mustered out witli
company June 30, 1865.
Michael McGahon, private, mustered in September
4, 1862, three years; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
William McGee, private, mustered in August 21,
1863, three years; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
John S. McDonald, private, mustered in July 17.
1863, three years ; absent, sick, .it muster out.
T. A. McAllister, private, mustered in November 4,
1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
John Nailor, private, mustered in October 19, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June
30, 1865; veteran.
Levi Neights, private, mustered in October 19, 1861,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Neil O'Donal, private, mustered in July 17, 1863,
three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
James O'Harra, private, mustered in June 27, 1863.
three years ; mustered out with company June
30, 1865.
Williams O.ikley, private, mustered in June 4. 1864,
tliree years; mustered out with company June
30, 1865.
Timothy O'Rourke, private, mustered in August 25.
1864, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate October 10, 1864.
Joseph Penn, private, mustered in August 22, 1864,
one year; substitute; discliarged by Genera
Order May 31, 1865.
William Piscl, private, mustered in August 31, 1863,
274
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
three years ; drafted ; mustered out with company
June 30, 18G5.
William Patterson, private, mustered in February 22,
1834, three years ; mustered out with comjiany
June 30, 1865.
John Ramp, private, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
John Reese, private, mustered in October 10 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
30, 1865 ; veteran.
James Reed, private, mustered in January 80, 1864,
three years; absent, wounded, at muster out.
Joseph Rohrer, private, mustered in August 27, 1864.
three years; substitute; absent, sick, at muster
out.
Wm. H. Rhodes, private, mustered in January 15,
1864, three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
Jacob Rhone, private, mustered in October 1, 1864,
one year ; drafted; discharged by General Order
June 9, 1865.
Jacob Rice, private, mustered in February 20, 1864,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
September 22, 1864 ; veteran.
Henry Reese, private, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
November 7, 1864 ; veteran.
Webster Remally, private, mustered in August 31,
1864, one year; substitute; discharged by Gene-
ral Order May 31, 1865.
Isaac Robinson, private, mustered in August 30,
1864, one year; substitute; discharged by Gene-
ral Order May 31, 1865.
Isaac Reesler, private, mustered in August 25. 1864,
one year; substitute; discharged by General Or-
der May 31, 1865.
P. Richanbaugh, private, mustered in February 2,
1864, three years; died September 26, 1864, of
wounds received at Spottsylvania Court-House
May 12, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Ar-
lington, Va.
Henry Rowlan, private, mustered in August 24, 1864.
one year; drafted; died of wounds received at
Spottsylvania Court-House, May 12, 1864.
Levi E. Rapp, private, mustered in October 10, 18G1,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Daniel Roush, private, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years; not on muster-out roll.
John Sheldon, private, mustered in August 25, 1864,
three years ; substitute ; mustered out with com-
pany June 30, 1865.
Joseph Swagger, private, mustered in February 22,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
Samuel C. Seavoll, private, mustered in August 29,
1863, three years ; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
Alonzo Smith, private, mustered in February 1, 1864,
three years; mustered out with company June
30, 1865.
Isaac Strait, private, mustered in August 31, 1863,
three years ; drafted ; absent, sick, at muster out.
Frederick Slagel, private, mustered in August 31,
1863, three years ; drafted ; absent, sick, at mus-
ter out.
Jacob W. Sundy, private, mustered in February 16,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
Jeremiah Smith, private, mustered in October 19,
18G1, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
John Steward, private, mustered in July 17, 1863,
three years ; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-
House, May 12, 1864 ; absent at muster out.
R. Stutzenbury, private, mustered in September 21,
1863, three years; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
R. Stineberger, private, mustered in August 23, 1864,
one year; substitute; discharged by General
Order May 31, 1865.
Peter K. Saylor, private, mustered in August 23, 1864,
one year; substitute; discharged by General
Order May 31, 1865.
Aaron Smith, private, mustered in October 1, 1864,
one year; substitute; discharged by General
Order May 31, 1865.
John H. Supplee, private, mustered in August 24,
1864, one year; substitute; discharged by Gen-
eral Order May 31, 1865.
John Smith, private, mustered in August 30, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
Job Skinner, private, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Adam Shope, private, mustered in November 4, 1861,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Henry K. Shaffer, private, mustered in November 4,
1861 ; not ou muster-out roll.
William Tyson, private, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years; mustered out with company June
30, 1865 ; veteran.
Jackson Tuttle, private, mustered in August 22, 1862,
three years ; mustered out with company June
30, 1865.
Michael Toy, private, mustered in September 14,
1863, three years; wounded at Spottsylvania
Court-House, May 12,1864 ; absent at muster out.
John Try, private, mustered in August 25, 1864,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
October 10, 1864.
John Thomas, private, mustered in August 25, 1864,
three years ; discharged by General Order May
25, 1865.
John Webster, private, mustered in October 14, 1861,
three years ; mustered out with company June
30, 1865 ; veteran.
William Wesler, private, mustered in August 25,
1864, one year ; substitute; absent, sick, at muster
out.
William H. Wartz, private, mustered in March 14,
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
275
18(54, three years; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
George W. Walker, private, mustered in March 14,
1864, three years ; wounded in action March 31,
1865 ; absent at muster out.
George Williams, private, mustered in August 8,
1863, three years ; mustered out with company
June 30, 1865.
Robert Whitton, private, mustered in September 18,
1863, three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
Caswell B. Ward, private, mustered in March 14, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company June
80, 1865.
Joseph Wilson, private, mustered in September 21,
1863, three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
Ebenezer F. Woodward, private, mustered in October
10, 1861, tliree years ; not on muster-out roll.
Everard O. VVestfall, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
David C. Wilkinson, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Adam Yeager, private, mustered in October 10, 1861,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
James Youp.gs, private, mustered in September 17,
1863, three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
A. C. Youngman, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Jacob R. Zahnser, private, mustered in February 17,
1864, three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
Matthias Zahnser, private, mustered in February 22,
1864, three years; wounded at Spottsylvariia
Court-House May 12, 1864 ; absent at muster
out.
James K. Zeiders, private, mustered in October 10,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
SEVEXTY-FOURTH REGIMENT.
The Seventy-fourth Regiment — originally
numbered the Thirty-fifth of the Pennsylvania
line — was raised in the summer of 1861, was
rendezvoused at Camp Wilkius, near Pitt.sburgh,
and mustered into the service of the Uniied
States on the 14th of September in the year
named.- It was placed under command of Col-
onel Alexander Yon Schimmelfennig, of Pliila-
del]ihia, who had known service in the Prussian
army.
In the latter part of September the regiment
left Camp Wilkins and proceeded, by way of
Philadelphia, to Washington, D. C, where it
was armed, uniformed and equip])ed, and
whence it soon afterwards moved to Virginia,
and went into winter-quarters at Hunter's
Chapel. It remained there in quarters until ^larch
10, 1862, when it broke camp to move forward
with the army, expecting to assault the enemy
at Manassas; but finding that he had abandoned
that stronghold, it received orders (at Ceutre-
ville) to ])roceed to West Virginia, to join the
command of General Fremont. It remained in
that department nearly five months, being first
stationed at Winchester (where the men re-
ceived new clothing, shoes and blankets), then
at Franklin, where it was engaged in picketing
and throwing up fortifications, and later at
Strasburg, whence it marched in pursuit of the
enemy under Stonewall Jackson, who was over-
taken at Cross Keys, where, on the 8th of June,
a severe battle was fought, in which the Seventy-
fourth lost nineteen killed and wounded. After
the battle the regiment moved to Middletown,
and thence to Sperryville, arriving July 7tli
and remaining one month. On the 8th of Au-
gust it was ordered to move by forced marches
to join the army of General Pope, on the Rap-
idan. It set out under these orders at ten
o'clock the same night, and marched without
camping for sixty hours, but did not reach its
destination in time to take part in the disastrous
battle of Cedar Mountain which had then just
been fought. Soon afterwards it had a sharp
engagement with the enemy at Freeman's Ford,
losing forty-nine killed and wounded, three
drowned and sixteen missing. The Seventy-
foui'th was at that time a part of the division
commanded by General Carl Schurz.
In the battle of Second Bull Run the regi-
ment was engaged on the 29th and 30th of
August, losing seventeen killed and wounded.
It then moved to the Washington fortifications,
and later in the season went into winter-quar-
ters at Stafford Court-House. It did not reach
Fredericksburg in time to take part in the
battle of December 13, 1862, but was in the
thickest of the fight at Chancellorsville, losing
sixty-one killed, wounded and missing. At
Gettysburg it arrived on the 1st of July, and
was almost immediately in the conflict. " Of the
fourteen officers and one hundred and twenty
men who advanced to the ground of the first
day's battle, one officer and six men were killed,
four officers and forty men woundeil, and fifty-
two missing, — a total of one hundred and twelve,
leaving; but four officers and eiditeeu men to
276
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
bear and defend the flag.' Upon its arrival
ill the new position it was posted in front
of the batteries in the Cemetery. Here it was
joined by the men who had been sent on picket
on the previous night, and to this position it
clung through the terrible storm of battle of the
two succeeding days, losing one officer and eight
men killed and one officer and fifteen men
wounded, — a total loss, in the entire battle, of
one hundred and thirty-six."
After the battle of Gettysburg the regiment
crossed the river into Virginia, but early in
August it was sent to South Carolina, where it
remained on duty in various places among the
islands until August, 1864, when it was ordered
back to the Washington defenses, and not long
afterwards moved to Grafton, W. V., where
a considerable number of recruits and drafted
men joined the regiment, in place of the
numbers who had been mustered out at the ex-
piration of their terms of service. In March,
1865, seven new companies were assigned to tlie
Seventy-fourtii, and from that time the regiment
was posted at various places, including Green
Spring, Beverly, Clarksburg and Parkersburg;
but the time of fighting was over, and it per-
formed only picket and railroad guard duty for
nearly four months of the last part of its ser-
vice. On the 29th of August it was mustered
out at Clarksburg and returned thence to Pitts-
burgh, where it was disbanded and ceased to exist
as an organization.
Company D, Snyder and Union Coun-
ties.— Among those who were enlisted into the
Seventy-fourth in 1865 were a considerable
number of Union and Snyder County men in
Companies C and E, while those who enlisted
at the same time, forming Company D, were all
recruited in Union and Snyder. A roll of that
company is here given, viz.:
Lewis Miller, captain, mustered in March 4, 1865, one
year ; mustered out with company August 29,
18(35.
John H. Lewis, first lieutenant, mustered in March
4, 1865, one year ; promoted to adjutant May 24,
1865.
Aaron K. Gift, first lieutenant, mustered in March 4
1865, one year ; promoted from second to first
1 Bates.
lieutenant July 5, 1865 ; mustered out with com-
pany August 29, 1865.
Alexander G. Rohbach, second lieutenant, mustered
in March 4, 1865, one year ; promoted from first
sergeant to first lieutenant July 5, 1865; mustered
out with company August 29, 1865.
I. R. Hottenstein, first sergeant, mustered in March 4,
1865, one year; promoted from sergeant to first
sergeant July 5, 1866; mustered out with com-
pany August 29, 1865.
James D. Rake, sergeant, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1865.
Abraham Wagner, sergeant, mustered in March 9,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company
August 29, 1865.
Peter E. Boweu, sergeant, mustered in March 4,
1865, one year ; promoted from corporal to ser-
geant July 5, 1865 ; mustered out with company
August 29, 1865.
John F. Long, sergeant, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year; promoted from corporal to sergeant
July 5, 1865 ; mustered out with company Au-
gust 29, 1865.
Benjamin F. Smith, corporal, mustered in March 4,
1865, one year; mustered out with company Au-
gust 29, 1865.
Ed. L. Buflington, corporal, mustered in March 9,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company Au-
gust 29, 1865.
James H. Maubeck, corporal,. mustered in March 9,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company Au-
gust 29, 1865.
Philip Smith, corporal, mustered in Mnrch 9, 1865,
one year; promoted to corporal April 2,1865;
mustered out with company August 29, 1865.
George E. Seebold, corporal, mustered in March 4,
1865, one year ; promoted to corporal July 5,
1865 ; mustered out with company August 29,
1865.
R. C. Bowersox, corporal, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year; promoted to corporal July 5, 1865;
mustered out with company August 29, 1865.
Samuel Smith, corporal, mustered in March 9, 1865,
one year ; promoted to corporal July 5, 1865 ;
mustered out with company August 29, 1865.
Ner Middleswarth, corporal, mustered in March 9,
1865, one year ; discharged by General Order
June 28, 1865.
Aaron I. Fees, corporal, mustered in March 4,
1865, one year; died at Cumberland, Md., April
2, 1865.
Abraham Sheary, musician, mustered in March 9,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company
August 29, 1865.
Hiram Schwcnck, musician, mustered in March 9,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
August 29, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
277
James Buffington, private, mustered in March 4,
1805, one year; mustered out with companj-
August 2!), 18(55.
John K. Biiigaman, private, mustered in March 4,
18(!5, one year ; mustered out with company
August 29, 1865.
John Bolender, private, mustered in March 9, 1805,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1805.
Aaron Bickel, private, mustered in March 9, 1805,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1805.
Jacob Bickel, private, mustered in March 9, 1805,
one year.
Daniel W. Grouse, private, mustered in February 25,
1805, one year; promoted to hospital steward
July 5, 1805.
George Diehl, private, mustered in February 25,
1805, one year ; mustered out with company
August 29, 1805.
Robert Eisenhower, private, mustered in March 9,
1805, one year; mustered out with company
August 29, 1865.
J<jhu Ernest, private, mustered in March 9, 1865, one
year ; mustered out with company August 29,
1865.
William Englehart, private, mustered in March 9,
1805, one year ; mustered out with company
August 29, 1865.
William Eliert, private, mustered in March 4, 1805,
one year; mustered out with company August 29,
1865.
John Ellis, private, mustered in March 4, 1865, one
year ; mustered out with company August 29,
1865.
Edward Freed, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1865.
John F. Good, private, mustered in March 4, 1S65,
one year; mustered out with company August
29, 1865.
Isaac Gill, private, mustered in March 4, 1865, one
year; mustered out with company August 29,
1865.
William Gemberliug, private, mustered in March 9,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
August 29, 1865.
Ephraim Howell, private, mustered in March 4, 1805,
one year; mustered out with company August
29, 1865.
Aaron Howell, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company August 29,
1805.
Ellis C. Hartman, private, mustered in March 4,
1805. one year ; mustered out with company
August 29, 1805.
Daniel Heiser, private, mustered in March 4, 1805,
one year; mustered out with company August 29,
1865.
A. L. Hackeuberg, private, muslered in Marcii 4,
1865, one year; nuistered out with coiiipaoy
August 29, 1865.
Jackson Howell, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1865.
Aaron Helfrick, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company August
29, 1865.
David Hixson, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
one year ; di.schargcd by General Order June 3,
1865.
John Howell, private, mustered in March 4, 1805,
one year ; discharged by General Order July 9,
1805.
Ephraim Hummel, private, mustered in March 4,
1805, one year.
James A. Jarrett, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1805.
Hiram P. Jarrett, private, mustered in March 4, 1805,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1805.
James F. Keller, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August 29,
1805.
George F. Keller, private, mustered in March 4, 1805,
one year; mustered out with company August 29,
1805.
John M. Kreider, private, mustered in March 4, 1805,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1805.
Franklin Kreider, private, mustered in March 4,
1805, one year; mustered out with company
August 29, 1805.
Henry Knepp, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1805.
Emanuel Katherman, private, mustered in March 9,
1865, one year; mustered out with compauy Au-
gust 29, 1805.
Benjamin Long, private, mustered in March 4. 186.5,
one year; discharged by G. O. July 9, 1805.
D. W. Laudenslager, private, mustered in March 4,
1865, oue year ; mustered out with company
August 29, 1805.
E. Laudenslager, private, mustered in March 9, 1805,
one year; discharged by G. O. July 9, 1805.
Solomon Long, private, mustered in March 4, 1805,
one year.
Samuel Miller, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
oue year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1805.
Philip Manbeck, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1805.
Leonard J. Manbeck, private, mustered in March 4,
1805, one year; mustered out with company
August 29, 1805.
278
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Middleswarth, priv:ite,mustered in March 0, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 18(35.
John Mussehnan, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1865.
William J. Meyer, private, mustered in March 4,
1865, one year.
Benjamin McClellan, private, mustered in March 4,
1865, one year; mustered out with compauy
August 29, 1865.
John (/'. McFall, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one y^ar; discharged by General Order August
14, 1865.
Levi Pick, private, mustered in March 9, 1865, one
year ; mustered out with compauy August 29,
1865.
Aaron Renninger, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August 29,
1865.
John B. Romig, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company August
29, 1865.
Jacob Stuck, private, mustered in March 4, 1865, one
year ; mustered out with company August 29,
1865.
Levi Spiglemyer, private, mustered in March 4,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company
August 29, 1865.
Philip Spade, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1865.
Levi Swanger, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1865.
Robert Spade, private, mustered in March 4, 1865, one
year ; mustered out with company August 29,
1865.
George Spangler, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company August
29, 1865.
Jacob K. Smith, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company August
29, 1865.
Joseph Shannon, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1865.
Frederick Seechrist, private, mustered in March 9,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company
August 29, 1865.
Joseph Springer, private, mustered in March 4, 1864,
one year; discharged by General Order June 3,
1865.
Hiram P. Smith, private, mu.stered in March 4, 1865,
one year; discharged by General Order July 9,
1865.
Isaac Swanger, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one vear.
Henry M. TJlsh, private, mustered in March 4, 1 865,
one year; mustered out with company August 29,
1865.
Jacob Witzel, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1865. .
Henry Wagner, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1865.
James Williams, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year.
Reuben Zechman, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company August
29, 1865.
Henry Zechman, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year ; discharged by General Order August
1, 1865.
SEVENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT.
The Seventy seventh Regiment contained no
company made up entirely of men recruited
within the territory to which this history espe-
cially refers, but it had in it a large detachment
of Juniata County men (chiefly in Company C)
and a number of men from Perry County in
the regimental band, while a considerable number
of soldiers recruited in tliese five counties were
found serving in the several companies, particu-
larly in Companies A, D, F and G.
The iSeventy-seventh was rendezvoused at
Camp Wilkins, near Pittsburgh, where it was
organized, under command of Colonel Freder-
ick S. Stumbaugh, in October, 1861. On the
18th of that month it was embarked on trans-
port steamers, and proceeded down the Ohio to
Louisville, Ky., in company with the Seventy-
eighth and Seventy-ninth Regiments of the
Pennsylvania line, these three regiments form-
ing a brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General
James S. Negley, of Pittsburgh. From Louis-
ville the brigade marched south along the line
of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, and
remained encamped for a considerable time at a
camp called " Camp Negley," in honor of the
brigade commander. While here the Seventy-
seventh was detached from the brigade and as-
signed to the Fifth Brigade of the division
commanded by General Alexander McD. ]\Ic-
Cook, the other regiments of the brigade (com-
manded by Brigadier-General Thomas J.
Wood) being the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth
Indiana and the Thirtv-fourth Illinois. This
THE WAR FOR THE UNIOxV.
279
brigade, with the army of General Buell,
marciied soutiiward into Tennessee, and arrived
at Xasliville on the 2(1 of March, 1862. Soon
afterwards the Seventy-seventh, with the other
forces of General Buell, continued the south-
ward march, moving towards a point on the
Tennessee River, where the forces of General
Grant and the Confederate army under General
Albert Sidney Johnston were approaching each
other, and where, on Suiiday, the 6th of April,
they joined in the great battle of Shiloh, or
Pittsburgh Landing. On the evening of the
.5th (tiie same time when the Army of the Po-
tomac, under General McClellan, arrived in front
of Yorktown) the advance of General Buell's
corps reached Savannah (nine miles below
Pittsburgh Lauding, on the Tennessee), and
bivouacked there for tlie niglit. On the fol-
lowing morning Buell heard the roar of the
distant battle, and hurried his troops forward
with all possible speetl. The division of Gen-
eral William Nelson led the advance, and
pushed on without halt until late in the after-
noon, when it reached the right bank of the
Tennessee, ojiposite the place where Genei-al
Grant's hard-pressed battalions were engaged
in the desperate fight, contesting every inch of
ground, yet slowing retiring towards the river.
When the succoring division came up opposite
the scene of conflict, its brave yet rough old
commander sent an aide across to report to
General Grant, with this message : " Tell him,"
said he, " that General Nelson is here with ten
thousand fighthig men and no d — d cowards!"
this last remark being caused by the sight of a
large number of fugitives from the fight skulk-
ing behind the bluif bank of the river. " Tell
General Nelson," said General Grant to the
aide, "that our men seem to be doing pretty
well ; but we shall be glad to see him over
here." The division was j)rom])tly crossed and
placed in position, enabling the Union forces to
hold their ground firmly against the last des-
perate assaults of the Confederates. During
the night the gunboats in the I'iver kept uj) an
incessant cannonade, throwing their huge shells
over the heads of the men of Grant's army and
into the Confederate lines beyond. In the morn-
ing of the 7tli the battle was renewed, and the Con-
federate forces were driven back at all points,
thongii they held their ground most stubljornly
and fought for liours with the greatest despera-
tion. Other troops of Buell's command had
arrived in the mean time, and among them the
brigade in which was the Se%'enty-seventh
Pennsylvania, which came up by steamboat
from Savannah. At about nine o'clock in the
morning it marched upon the field, and was
immediately under fire. For six hours after
its arrival the battle raged with the greatest
fury. The regiment repelled a desperate as-
sault of cavalry, and was in the front line in
the final charge which drove the enemy fi-om
the field and ended the conflict.
For about a week after the battle the regi-
ment remained on the field near Pittsburgh
Landing, then moved several miles to a new
camp. About four weeks later it movetl witii
the army towards the enemy's strong position
at Corinth, ]\Iiss., in the expectation of a gen-
eral attack upou the works at that place ; but
they were occupied without resistance, the Con-
federates having evacuated. U]ion the fall of
Corinth, General Buell's army marched back to
Nashville; the Seventy seventh, with its brig-
ade, passing the entire summer on the route,
which was from Corinth up the valley of the
Tennessee to Bridgeport, Ala., thence north-
ward, by way of Stevenson, Cowan, Decherd,
Manchester and Murfreesbo rough, to the capi-
tal. Here it had little rest, being ordered
northward on the rapid march with Buell's
forces to intercept the Confederate General
Bragg, who was marching on Louisville, Ky.
Buell's forces arrival on the 26th of Septem-
ber, and on the following day the Seventy-
seventh encampefl in the suburbs of the city.
On the arrival of General Buell's army at
Louisville, General Bragg faced his forces
southward, and marched back towards Tennes-
see. Buell followed with his army, leaving
Louisville on the 1st of October. The Sev-
enty-seventh, moving with the left wing, passed
through Stanford and Nicholsville, Ky., skir-
mishing M'ith the enemy at Claysville, Law-
renceburg and other places, but not being pres-
ent at the general eng-agement near Perryville,
October 8th. It reached Nashville, Tenn., in
280
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA COUNTIES IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the last part of October, and remained tliere
and in that vicinity for two months, taking
part in a minor engagement at Lavergne on
the 27th of November. On the 26th of De-
cember it moved with the army towards Mnr-
freesborough, near which town the great battle
of Stone River was fought on the 31st of De-
cember and 1st and 2d of January. The Sev-
enty-seventh was ou the left of the division of
General E,. W. Johnson, which occupied the
extreme right of the army, the position of the
regiment being partly in a cedar thicket and
partly in a cotton-field, with the enemy near
and directly in front. In this position it lay
during the night of Tuesday, December 30th.
The battle was opened by Hardee's (left) corps
of the Confederate army, which made a furious
assault soon after daylight on the 31st, while
tiie battery horses of Johnson's division were
being taken to water. In a few minutes twen-
ty-seven guns out of Johnson's five batteries
were in the hands of the Confederates, and the
three divisions of Johnson, Davis and Sheridan
(comprising McCook's army corps) were in re-
treat in some disorder across the cotton-field
towards the shelter of a cedar wood in the rear.
The Seventy-seventh, with some other troops,
rallied, made a counter-charge and recaptured
the guns of Edgerton's battery, which, how-
ever, were soon after again taken by the en-
emy, and the regiment, compelled to relinquish
its temporary advantage, was finally driven
across the field, and through the woods to the
vicinity of the Nashville and Chattanooga
Railroad, where the troops were rallied and a
new line established by the commanding gen-
eral, Eosecrans. This line, strengthened by
slight breast- works, was held through the day
against repeated attacks by the enemy. Several
attacks were also made on Thursday, January
1st, and the artillery fire was incessant during
that day ; but no very decided advantage was
gained on either side. The forenoon of Friday
]>assed in comparative quiet; but about the
middle of the afternoon the Confederates at-
tacked with great fury on the left of Rosecrans'
line, gaining an advantage at first, charging
across Stone River, and causing the Union
troops to recoil at that point ; but they rallied
at once and drove the enemy back across the
stream. From that time the conflict raged
until after dark, resulting in the complete rout
of the Confederates, who retreated through the
town of Murfreesborough and along the turn-
pike road towards Shelbyville.
Through the entire battle of Stone River the
Seventy-seventh behaved with great gallantry
and steadiness, for which it was highly com-
plimented by General Rosecrans. Soon after
the battle it encamped near Murfreesborough,
where it remained until the general advance of
the Army of the Cumberland, June 24, 1863.
In the advance a Confederate division (Cle-
burne's) was found in a strong position at Lib-
erty Gap, where a heavy fight resulted on the
24th and 25th, ending in the retreat of the
enemy. The Seventy-seventh was one of the
charging regiments, and sustained severe loss in
the engagement.
The enemy retired to a strongly-intrenched
line at Tullahoma, but evacuated it on the a]>-
proach of the Union army, and retreated to
Bridgeport, Ala., and thence into Northern
Georgia. The Union army followed in pur-
suit, the Seventy-seventh with its division ar-
riving at Bridgeport, on the Tennessee River,
on the 31st of August. Crossing the river, it
moved to Trenton, Ga., thence up Lookout
Valley to Valley Head, then across the moun-
tain to Broomtown Valley, on the roatl to
Rome, Ga, ; but before reaching the latter place
the progress of the column was arrested by the
intelligence that the enemy was menacing the
left of General Rosecrans' army, with the evi-
dent intention of giving battle to that ]>art of
the line (which was separated from the extreme
right and more than thirty miles from it) and
of making a desperate attempt to re-occupy
Chattanooga ; and, finally, that Longstreet's
corps, having been dehiched from the Army of
Northern Virginia, was already on the south
side of the Savannah River, and moving by
rail, with all possible speed, to join Bragg's
army at Lafayette, Ga. Upon receipt of this
intelligence the Seventy-seventh, with its divi-
sion and the other commands of the Union
army, moved rapidly back over the mountain
and down the valley by the same route over
THE WAR FOR THE UNIOX.
281
which the advtmce had been made, and again
crossing the mountain lower down towards the
Tennessee, entered the valley known as Me-
Lemore's Cove on the 17th of September.
After some fighting at that plaee, the Seventy-
seventh, with its division, moved by way of
Dug Gap, Pond Spring and Gordon's Mills,
and arrived on the field of Chiekamauga on
Saturday, the 19th of September, and soon af-
terwards became hotly engaged in the great
battle which was fought there on that and the
following day by the Union army under Gen-
eral Roseerans and the Confederate forces under
Bragg, reinforced by Longstreet's corps from
Virginia.
Near the close of the first day's fight at
Chiekamauga the regiment charged, with its
brigade (Willich's), and gallantly drove the
enemy in its front, but in the exultation of the
moment advanced too far, and while in that
exposed position, just at dark, was attacked by
a heavy body of the enemy (who had beeu re-
inforced at that point). The Seventy-seventh
Pennsylvania and Seventy-ninth Illinois, being
in the most advanced and exposed position,
fought desperately against overwhelming odds;
but after a hand-to-hand struggle in the twi-
light gloom they were overpowered, and seventy
enlisted men of the Seventy-seventh taken pris-
oners, as were also several of the company of-
ficers and all the field officers of the regiment,
who remained prisoners till May 1, 1864.
^lany of the privates of the regiment who were
captured in this fight died in the prison-pen of
Andersonville.
The remnant of the regiment (those who
escaped capture in the evening of the 19tli)
fought in the battle of the second day at Chiek-
amauga under command of Captain Joseph J.
Lawson, of Company C. The battle resulted
in defeat to the Union army, and on Saturday
night (September 20th) the Seventy-seventh,
with tlie other commands, withdrew from the
field of disaster to Rossville, Ga., and from
there, on Monday night and the early morning
of Tuesday, retreated to Chattanooga.
After Chiekamauga the regiment saw no
more of fighting during the year 1863. In
October it moved from Chattanooga, crossing
the Tennessee, and marching by the " Bob
White road " to Jasper, Tenn., where it arrived
on the 2Gth. Tiience, crossing the Tennessee
to Shellmound, it moved up the river to White-
side's, Ga., wiiere it remained during the win-
ter, and where a consideral)ic number of the
men re-enlisted as veterans, and the strength of
the command was largely increased by recruits
from Pennsylvania.
In the spring and summer campaign of 186-1
the Seventy-seventh fought at Tunnel Hill on
the 7th of May, at Rocky Face Ridge on the
8th, in several minor engagements from the 9th
to the 13th, at Resaea, Dallas, Ga., at New
Hope Church, at Kingston, Ga., at Kenesaw
Mountain (where it lost heavily in killetl and
wounded), and at Peach Tree Creek, July 20ih.
It also fought in the subsequent actions around
Atlanta, including tlie battles of Lovcjoy's Sta-
tion and .Jonesborough.
After the fall of Atlanta, when the Confed-
erate army under General Hood suddenly
crossed the Chattahoochee into Alabama and
marched towards Nashville, with the evident
intention of assaulting and capturing that city,
General Sherman detaciied a strong force from
his army at Atlanta, and placed it under com-
mand of General George H. Thomas, Mith or-
ders to march in pursuit of Hood, give him
battle and thwart his designs. The force was
composed of the Twenty-third Corps (General
Schofield) and Stanley's (Fourth) Corps, of
wliich latter the Seventy-seventh was a part.
The regiment arrived on the 3d of November
at Pulaski, Tenn. About the 25th it moved
to Columbia, where the enemy was found in
h^-avy force and strongly posted. A severe en-
gagement resulted, in which, on the 29th, the
Seventy-seventh took a eonsi)icuous part. Du-
ling the following night the regiment moved to
Franklin, Tenn., where it fought bravely in
the great battle of the 30th, being at one time
almost entirely suri-ounded by the enemy, but
e-(caping from its exposed position by the exer-
cise of the highest soldierly qualities. Again,
in the great and decisive battle of Nashville,
the Seventy-seventh took a prominent part in
charging the Confederate works on the loth of
December, and on the following day exhibited
282
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
still greater gallantry in attacking one of the
enemy's strongest positions, moving forward
under a most destructive fire of canister, cap-
turing a battery and driving the Confederates
in its front in utter and irretrievable rout.
The loss of the regiment in this battle was
heavy iu killed and wounded, among the for-
mer being Lieutenant Alexander T. Baldwin,
of Comjjany C.
The Confederate army, completely defeated
and routed at Nashville, fled southward into
Alabama. Among the Uuion forces which
]>ur£ued was the Seventy-seventh, whicli marched
rapidly to Huntsville, Ala., but there abandoned
the pursuit and remained through the succeed-
ing winter. About the middle of March, 1865,
it marched to East Tennessee, where it was
joined by five new companies. About the last
of April the regiment returned to Nashville,
where it was assigned to the First Brigade,
First Division, Fourth Army Corps. In June
it left Nashville, and passing down the Missis-
sippi by boat to New Orleans, went into camp
at Plaine Chalmette (General Jackson's old
battle-ground of 1815), where it remained
nearly a mouth ; then embarked and proceeded
by sea to Indianola, Texas, arriving there on
the 27th of Jul}', and immediately afterward?
marching to Green Lake. Afterwards it moved
to a camp near Victoria. It remained in Texas
until the early part of December, 1865, when it
moved to Indianola, where the men were em-
barked, and proceeded by sea to Philadelphia.
Arriving there on the 16th of January, 1866,
they were duly disbanded, and returned to their
homes and the vocations of civil life.
Regimental Band of the Seventy-
seventh Regiment. — The members of this
band first enlisted in Company C, and remained
apart of that organization from October 29th to
1st of November. All were discharged by
General Order January, 1862.
George W. Monroe, leader, mustered in October 29,
1861, three years; residence, Liverpool.
John J. Arndt, musician, mustered in October 29,
1861, three years ; residence, Liverpool.
Henry Haas, musician, mustered in October 29, 1861,
three years ; residence, Liverpool.
A. Worley Monroe, musician, mustered in .October
29, 1861, three years; residence, Liverpool.
Daniel Nagle, musician, mustered in October 29,
1861, three years; residence, Liverpool.
Lewis W. Orwan, musician, mustered in October 29,
1861, three years ; residence. Centre township.
Jacob D. Shure, musician, mustered in October 29,
1861, three years ; residence, Liverpool.
William A. Shuman, musician, mustered in October
29, 1861, three years; residence, Liverpool.
Samuel M. Shuler, musician, mustered in October 29,
1861, three years ; residence, Liverpool.
George C. AVelzer, musician, mustered in October 29,
1861, three years; residence, Liverpool.
William A. Ziun, musician, mustered in October 29,
1861, three years ; residence, Newport.
SEVENTY-EIfJIITH REGIMENT.
The Seventy-eiglith Regiment was raised in
the summer and fell of 1861, and was organized
at Camp Orr, near Kittanning, under command
of the gallant Colonel William Sirwell, of Arm-
strong County, (who died in the autumn of 1885
at his home in Kittanning.) The regiment left
the State in October of that year, and joined the
Army of the Cumberland in Kentucky, being
assigned to duty in the brigade of General
James S. Negley, in the division of General A.
McD. McCook. The record of the old Seventy-
eighth is a brilliant one. During the summer
of 1862 it was employed in guard, picket and
skirmish duty in Tennessee, and in the latter part
of the time, and during the fall of the same year,
it formed a part of the force with which Gen-
eral Negley held Nashville against the frequent
attacks of the Confederates, while the Army of
the Cumberland was absent confronting General
Bragg, in Mississippi, Tennessee and Kentucky.
In that service it fought at Ijavergne, Tenn.
(October 7th), and in several minor engagements.
It remained besieged in Nashville until October
26th, when the advance of General Rosecrans'
army made its appearance on the opposite side
of the Cumberland, and the isolated garrison
was relieved. The regiment joined the army-
moving south and fought desperately in the
battle of Stone River, December 31, 1862,
to January 2, 1863. It was also slightly
engaged at Tullahoma, and it fought with some
loss in the action at Dug Gap, Ga., September
1 1th. In the great battle of Chickaraauga, Sep-
tember I9th and 20th, it Nvas hotly engaged,
with heavy loss. It also participated in the
battles of the 23d, 24th and 25th of November
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
283
at Mission E-idge and along Chattanooga Creek.
In tiie campaign of 18C4, from Chattanooga to
Atlanta, the Seventy-eighth fought in the battles
at Tunnel Hill, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Dallas,
New Hope Church and Kenesaw Mountain.
From the latter point it was ordered back to
Tennessee, and fought at Pulaski on the 27th
of September, and afterwards moved south, to
Alabama, against the Confederate cavalry forces
then threatening that section. On its return it
reached Nashville October 17th, a few days af-
ter its term of service had expired. It was then
relieved of duty, and, in accordance with orders,
returned to Pennsylvania, where it was mustered
out at Kittanniug on the 4th of November.
When the regiment left Tennessee its re-en-
listed veterans, and the recruits which had
joined it, remained at Nashville, and to these the
Governor of Pennsylvania added eight new
companies, which were mustered in, preserving
the number of the Seventy-eighth Regiment and
bringing its strength up to the minimum
standard.
Company C,' Mifflin County. — In one of
these companies (D, recruited in Cumberland
County) there were a considerable number of
men from Perry and Juniata Counties, while
another of the new companies (mustered in
February, 1865, and commanded by Captain
A. B. Selheinier) was made up wholly of men
recruited at Lewistown, Mifflin County. A roll
of this company is here given, viz. :
A. B. Selheimer, captain, mustered in February 20,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company
September 11, 18(i5.
John S. McEwen, first lieutenant, mustered in Feb-
ruary 20, 1865, one year; mustered out with
company September 11, 1865.
Samuel Eiseubise, second Heutenant, mustered in
February 20, 1865, one year ; mustered out with
compati}' September 11, 1865.
Chas. H. Henderson, first sergeant, mustered in Feb-
ruary 18, 1865, one year ; mustered out with
company September 11, 1865.
Joseph S. Waream, sergeant, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Matthew P. Stroup, sergeant, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year ; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
'New company assigned March, 1865.
Wm. H. Kitting, sergeant, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Sam). Chesnut, sergeant, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
James Luker, corporal, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year ; promoted to corporal June 3,
1865; mustered out with company September
11, 1865.
George W. Snyder, corporal, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year ; promoted to corporal July 1,
1865; mustered out with company September 11,
1865.
William H. Felix, corporal, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
Robert S. Eowe, corporal, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11,1865.
David B. Weber, corporal, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
Chas. Miller, corporal, mustered in February 18, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company September
11, 1865.
Wm. W. Hamaker, corporal, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Thos. J. Enney, corporal, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company Sej)-
tember 11, 1865.
Gustin P. Rider, corporal, mustered in February IS,
1865, one year; discharged by General Order
June 2, 1865.
•Tames H. Jacobs, musician, mustered in February IS,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company Scj)-
tember 11,1865.
Joseph H. Alter, private, mustered in February IS,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
John Adams, private, mustered in February 14, 1865,
one year ; discliarged by General Order August
21, 1865.
Simon J. Arnold, private, mustered in February IS,
1865, one year; discharged by General Order
May 16, 1S65.
Knox P. Allebach, private, mustered in Febuary 24,
1865, one year ; not on muster-out roll.
Jacob Bearly, private, mustered in February IS, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company September
11, 1865.
John A. Brought, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Dickson Broom, private, mustered in February IS,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
284
JUxNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Thomas Boyden, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out witli company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
Josiah W. Coolr, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
Joseph A. Comfort, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
George E. Conner, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; discharged by General Order
June 7, 1865.
Samuel M. Comfort, private, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year; discharged by General Order
June 7, 1865.
Henry Dasher, private, mustered in February 18, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company September
11, 1865.
Jones P. Deihl, private, mustered in February 15,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Biice B. Drake, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year.
Banks Dreese, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year.
William H. Fetzer, private, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year ; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Joseph A. Ficthorn, private, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year ; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
George W. Freeburn, private, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year ; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
William W. Fear, private, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year ; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Elmer S. Fear, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Samuel W. Ford, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; died at Nashville, Tenn., May 14,
1865.
Jeremiah Friend, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year.
Martin Gezette, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Stephen P. Gregory, private, mustered in February
14, 1865, one year ; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
George W. Hart, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
Gilbert Hogle, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
John L. Himes, private, mustered in February IS,
1865, one year ; discharged by Special Order, date
unknown.
James P. Hamaker, private, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Sebastian Hineman, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year , mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Samuel Hess, private, mustered in February 18, 1866,
one year ; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 11, 1865.
Michael Jackson, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; discharged by General Order
May 20, 1865.
Thomas C. Jones, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year.
Daniel J. Kraft, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
Frederick R. Kerd, private, mustered in February 14,
1865, one year; mustered out with- company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
Thomas Lowmiller, private, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1866.
Charles F. Little, private, mustered in February 18,
18!J5, one year; discharged by General Order
May 20, 1865.
Adam Lotz, private, mustered in February 18, 1865,
one year; discharged by General Order May 15,
1865.
Charles Mitchell, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; discharged by General Order
September 8, 1865.
James Morrison, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
Daniel D. Mattren, private, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Joseph A. Miller, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Samuel F. Morrison, private, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Samuel A. Marks, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
Levi A. Menzer, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; discharged by General Order
May 12, 1865.
James H. May, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year ; discharged by General Order
May 20, 1865.
William S. May, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; discharged by General Order
July 15, 1865.
THE WAK FOR THE UNION.
285
James R. McCoy, private, mustered in February 18,
18(55, one year ; mustered out witli compiuiy
September 11, 1865.
D.uiiel C. McGregor, private, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year ; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
John F. Nighthart, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; absent, sick, at muster out.
Joseph M. Owens, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; discharged by General Order
May 20, 1865.
Joseph B. Orner, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year.
Ephraim B. Penebaker, private, mustered in Feb-
ruary 18, 1865, one year ; mustered out with
company September 11, 1865.
George A. Peters, private, mustered in Feljruary 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
John Price, private, mustered in February 18, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 11, 1865.
S. A. Porterfield, private, mustered in February 10,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Elias Price, private, mustered in February 18, 1865,
one year; discharged by General Order June 6,
1865.
Samuel J. Ramsey, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; absent, sick, at muster out.
William W. Ramsey, private, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year ; absent, sick, at muster out.
Lewis H. Riden, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
Samuel Riddle, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Joseph Rager, private, mustered in February 18, 1865,
one year ; discharged by General Order May 23,
1865.
William C. Riden, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; discharged by General Order
June 8, 1865.
James Rothrock, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year ; died at Nashville, Tenn., Maruli
27, 1865.
George A. Snyder, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year ; absent, on detached service, at
muster out.
George W. Smithers, private, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year ; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Theo. B. Smith, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
John Singleton, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
George W. Stevens, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Robert A. Smithers, private, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
H. J. Steinbarger, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Abraham D. Shull, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; discharged by General Ordtr
August 28, 1865.
Thompson Shimp, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
John S. Speese, jjrivate, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
Daniel Switzer, private, mustered in February 15,
1865, one year; discharged by General Order
August 21, 1865.
Charles G. Shields, private, mustered in February 16,
1865, one year; mustered out with company Sej;-
tember 11, 1865.
Jeremiah Shingler, private, mustered in February 22,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
Christopher Shingler, private, mustered in Febru.nry
22, 1865, one year ; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
James W. Smith, private, mustered in February IS,
1865, one year; discharged by General Order
June 7, 1865.
James B. Stackpole, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; died at Nashville, Tenn., March
23, 1865.
Josiah Saeger, private, mustered in February IS,
1865, one year.
Gideon M. Tice, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; discharged by General Order
May 17, 1865.
McConnell Thomas, private, mustered in February
IS, 1865, one year ; discharged by General Order
June 6, 18()5.
Obediah L. Umbarger, private, mustered in Febru-
ary 18, 1865, one year; absent, sick, at muster
out.
Jacob A. Vanzandt, private, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1S65.
Edmund B. Waream, jirivate, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
John A. Waream, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
Henry Whithoft" private, mustered in February IS,
1865, one year; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
286
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Lafayette Webb, private, mustered in February 18,
1865, one year; absent, on detached service, at
muster out.
Thaddeus B. Webb, private, mustered in February
18, 1865, one year ; mustered out with company
September 11, 1865.
Daniel D. Wolfkill, private, mustered in February 28,
1865, one year; mustered out with company Sep-
tember 11, 1865.
John Zeigler, private, mustered in February 18, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company Septem-
ber 11, 1865.
Company D. — Two privates — Cloyd C. Ben-
der and Daniel Eslielman — of this company
were from Greenwood townsliij), Perry County.
EIGHTY-THIRD REGIMENT.
A few men from Perry County were in Com-
pany K of this regiment, viz. :
John Deitrick, first lieutenant, mustered in March 9,
1865, three years ; residence, Liverpool ; mus-
tered out with company June 28, 1865.
David O. Ritter, first sergeant, mustered in March 7,
1865, three years; residence, Liverpool; com-
missioned second lieutenant June 23, 1865; mus-
tered out with company June 28, 1865.
J. J. Sponenberger, sergeant, mustered in March 3,
1865, three years; residence, Liverpool; mustered
out with company June 20, 1865.
C. E. Bufiington, sergeant, mustered in March 7, 1865,
three years ; residence, Liverpool township ; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate June 3, 1865.
Henry Derr, sergeant, mustered in March 8, 1865,
three years; residence, Liverpool; promoted to
lieutenant June 2, 1865 ; mustered out with com-
pany June 28, 1865.
Peter Derr, corporal, mustered in March 8, 1865,
three years ; residence, Liverpool ; mustered out
with company June 28, 1865.
John Ditty, corporal, mustered in March 7, 1865,
three years; residence, Buffalo township; mus-
tered out with company June 28, 1865.
NINETY-SECOND REGIMENT.
The Ninety-second Regiment of the Pennsyl-
vania line, otherwise designated as the Ninth
Cavalry, embraced in its organization one com-
pany recruited entirely in Perry County, with
detachments of men of that county in Companies
B, G, H, L and ]M. Quite large detachments
of Juniata and Mifflin County men were also
enlisted in the regiment, those of the last-named
county being most numerous in Company L.
The rendezvous of the regiment was at Camp
Cameron, Harrisburg, where it was organized
in the fall of 1861, under command of Colonel
Edward C. Williams, of Harrisburg. On the
20th of November it left Camp Cameron and
proceeded by rail to Pittsburgh, and thence by
steamboat on the Ohio River to Jeffersonville,
Ind., opposite Louisville, Ky., where it went
into camp. In January, 1862, it moved into
Kentucky, and went into camp at Green River,
where it remained several weeks. It was then
divided into three battalions (respectively under
command of the colonel, lieutenant-colonel and
Major Jordan), which were posted in dilFerent
parts of the State for protection against guer-
rillas, particularly those commanded by General
John H. Morgan, who were then I'aiding and
committing depredations in every direction.
In the early part of March the three battalions
were ordered to Tennessee. At Gallatin, in
that State, on the 4th of May, Major Jordan's
battalion fought Morgan's forces, capturing
two hundred and ninety-one of the command,
and putting the rest to rout. The same battal-
ion again fought Morgan at Spring Creek on
the 14th of May, and on the 6th of June was
engaged at Moore's Hill, Ky., with a force of
Confederate cavalry under Colonel Hamilton.
Again, on the 9th of July, the major's battalion
became sharply engaged at Tompkinsville, Ky.,
with a force of two thousand men under Mor-
gan. Its loss in this battle was twenty-four
killed and wounded and nineteen taken prison-
ers, while the losses of Morgan's command
were nearly ten times as great.
Early in August, 1862, when a large Con-
federate force under General Kirby Smith was
advancing through Kentucky for the purpose
of attacking Cincinnati, the three battalions of
the Ninth were reunited at Lebanon, Ky.
After the battle of Richmond, Ky., the Ninth
Cavalry did gallant service, fighting continually
while covering the rear of the retreating divi-
sion of General William Nelson. The regiment
reached Louisville when the Confederate army
of General Bragg and the LTnion army under
General Buell were approaching that city, each
■striving to reach it in advance of the other.
Buell was successful, and upon his arrival at
Louisville Bragg turned back and marched his
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
287
army towards Tennessee. Buell's army fol-
lowed in pursuit, leaving Louisville October
1st, the Ninth Pennsylvania and Second Michi-
gan Cavalry Regiments leading the advance to
Perrvville, Ky., where a general battle was
fought on tiie 8th. The Pennsylvania and
Michigan cavalry regiments fought the Con-
federate infantry and held them at bay until
the arrival of McCook's (Union) corps. The
loss of the regiment at Perry ville was thirty-
seven killed and wounded.
After the battle of Perry ville the Ninth was
ordered to Louisville, where horses were fur-
nished to those of the men who had been dis-
mounted, amounting to more than half tlie
regiment. It then moved with the Second
Michigan to Nicholasville, and thence, in the
latter part of December, to and across the
Cumberland Mountains, crossing the Cum-
berland and Clinch Rivers (by swimming the
horses), and reached the Virginia and Tennessee
Railroad, where, on the 1st of January, they
fought (dismounted) a heavy force of cavalry
belonging tothe command of General Huraphre)-
Marshall, capturing over one hundred prisoners,
and succeeding in burning the railway bridge.
Again the regiment fought about three hundred
of the enemy's cavalry at the railway crossing
of the Holstou River, captui-ing the entire
Confederate force, and burning the bridge and
a long trestle-work at that place. The loss of
the Ninth in this action was thirty-one killed
and wounded.
From the Holstou River the Ninth, with
the rest of the cavalry force, retreated across
the Cumberland IMountains, pursued by Mar-
shall's Confederate troops, but avoided battle,
and reached Nicholasville, Ky , on the 13th of
January, 1863. Soon after the regiment went
to Louisville to remount, and thence proceeded
to Nashville, arriving February 6th. From
Nashville it moved to Franklin, Tenn., where
it was engaged with a brigade of Forrest's
cavalry on the 9th. During the remainder of
the month the Ninth, with the Second Michigan,
remained in that vicinity, hovering along the
front and flanks of General Van Dorn's Con-
federate cavalry corps, always on the move,
and frequently making feints or real attacks
on parts of the enemy's line, and by these means
completely deluding both Van Dorn and For-
rest into the belief that they were confronted
by a body of Union cavalry fully ecpial in
strength to that of their comliined forces, which
numbered more than nine thousand men. On
the 4th of March the Ninth was engaged in a
pitched battle with a strong force of the enemy's
cavalry about four miles from Franklin, losing
sixty-three killed and wounded iu a fight of
more than five hours' duration. On the 5th
the Ninth, in conjunction with other Union
cavalry and a strong body of infantry under
Colonel Coburn, of Indiana, was again engaged
with the enemy, making a most gallant sabre-
charge, and captured more than two hundred
prisoners ; but the fight ended in a victory for
the enemy, who took more than three thousand
five hundred prisoners of the Union infantry.
For its gallantry in this action the Ninth
was highly complimented iu orders by General
Rosecrans.
During the summer campaign of 1863 the
regiment (then composing a part of General
Stanley's cavalry division) fought at Shelby-
ville, Tenn. (making a desperate charge and
capturing several hundred prisoners and a field
battery); at Elk River, Tenn., and at Cowan,
Tenn., where it took more than two hundred
prisoners. From there it moved, by way of
Stevenson and Bridge])ort, Ala., across Sand
Mountain and Lookout Mountain, into Geor-
gia. It fought the enemy's cavalry at Lafay-
ette, iu that State, on the 16th of September,
taking a large number of prisoners, and at the
battle of Chickamauga, on the Itlth and 20th,
it did such good service as elicited the com-
mendation of General Thomas iu general or-
ders. During the succeeding winter the retci-
ment was constantly ou duty in East Tennessee,
where most of the men re-enlisted and received
the usual "veteran furlough," returning from
Pennsylvania to Louisville with a large num-
ber of recruits.
When the Confederate guerrilla chief, .John
H. Morgan, made his last raid northward, the
Ninth moved from Louisville to Frankfort,
Ky., and held that place, delaying Morgan's
force and compelling it to fall back to Pound
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Gap, where it was attacked and defeated by
General Burbridge. Afterwards tlie regiment
moved to Nashville, and thence to Chattanooga.
From there it moved back to McMinnville in
pursuit of the Confederate cavalry under Gen-
eral Wheeler. On the 6th of September, at a
point a few miles east of Murfreesborough, on
the McMinnville road, it fought a brigade of
Wheeler's command, charging with the sabre,
defeating the enemy and taking nearly three
hundred prisoners. From that field it took
part in the pursuit of Williams' Confederate
bi-igade to Sparta, Tenn., where Williams' men
dispersed and took to the mountains. For its
service in this campaign the Ninth was com-
mended in orders by Generals Steadman and
Van Cleve.
The regiment then moved to join the armv
of General Sherman ii; Georgia. On the 16th
of November it fought at Lovejoy's, Ga., cap-
turing three hundred prisoners and several
l^ieces of artillery. Afterwards it fought the
forces of the cavalry general, Wheeler, at Ma-
con, Ga., at Bear Creek (where the regiment
lost uinet^'-six killed and wounded), at Waynes-
borough, at Louisville, Ga., at Buck Head
Church and at various other jjlaces, where it al-
ways fought on the side of victory. It reached
Savannah on the 21st of December. A month
later it moved northward with the army into
South Carolina (crossing the Savannah at Sis-
ter's Ferry), fought the forces of Wheeler and
Wade Hampton at Blacksville and Aiken,
passed through Columbia, the capital of the
State, fought at Lexington, crossed the Catawba
at Rocky Mount, moved through Rockingham
to Fayetteville, N. C, fought the enemy in the
battle of Avery sboroiigh March 16th (where it
was engaged for eight hours and lost one-tenth
of its force), and in the great battle of Beuton-
ville on the 19th. After that battle it moved
to Goldsboro, N. C, whereit remained rest-
ing and refitting till the 9th of April, when
it moved towards Raleigh, fighting a heavy
battle with the enemy's cavalry on the 11th
and arriving at the State capital on the 13th,
passing through the town and moving out on
the Hillsborough road, where, on the same day,
it met a force of Wheeler's cavalry and defeated
it, pursuing it to Morrisville and there fighting
and utterly routing him. On this day the
Ninth received a flag of truce, which brought a
letter from the Confederate commander. Gen-
eral Johnston, to General Sherman, proposing a
surrender of the Southern army. A detach-
ment of the Ninth escorted General Sherman
when he advanced to meet General Johnston to
arrange the terms of surrender. The terms
were agreed on, the surrender made accordingly
and the war thus ended — the Ninth Cavalry
being engaged in the last battle fought east of
the Mississippi in the great conflict. The regi-
ment was mustered out of the service on the
18th of July, 1865.
General Edward C. Williams, son of
Charles Williams (who died 1835) and Rebecca
Adams (who died 1849), was born February 10,
1820, in Philadelphia. His father was a native
of Philadelphia, and his mother of Mount Holly,
N. J., of Scotch parentage. He was educated
in the public schools of his native city, then or-
ganized under the Lancasterian system. He
learned the trade of a bookbinder with Jacob
Snyder, completing it with R. P. Dssilver.
Shortly after completing his trade he came to
Harrisburg and became a member of the firm
of Clyde & Williams, bookbinders and station-
ers. For several years they bound the official
documents of the State, and also published sev-
eral important works. Upon the call for vol-
unteers for the Mexican War, in December, 1846,
General Williams raised a company called
the Cameron Guards, which was accepted, and
formed part of the Second Pennsylvania Regi-
ment. Previous to his going to Mexico he wa^
connected with the old Dauphin Guards, one of
the finest military organizations of the State,
and he was in service during the Philadelphia
riots in 1844. When Captain Williams pre-
sented the roll of his company to Governr
Shunk, he refused to accept his company, be-
cause it was not a regular organization. Through
the earnest solicitation of Colonel James Ross
Snowden, General Purviance, Hon. Jesse Miller,
secretary of the commonwealth, and others, the
Governor yielded, and finall)' accepted the com-
pany.
The Cameron Guards left Harrisburg Decem-
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
289
ber 26, 1846 (numbering one hundred and sev-
enteen men), fully equipped, for Pittsburgh via
Clmmbersburg. From Chamhersburg they
marched the entire distance, arriving at Pitts-
burgh the fourtli day, traveling one hundred and
fifty miles over the mountains through fifteen
inches of snow. At Pittsburgh, they were
mustered into the United States service by
Lieutenant Field, U. S. A., January 2, 1847,
and embarked on a steamer for New f)rleans.
form. Not being allowed to land at Lobas,
they would have greatly suffered had not Cap-
tain Samuel D. Karus, the sutler, and Captain
George D. Lauman, at the risk of arrest and
punishment, gratuitously supplied the wants of
the Cameron Guards. As soon as they were all
restored to health the command left for Vera
Cruz, arriving there the evening of the capture
and surrender. May 29, 1847. On the 8th day
of April the Cameron Guards started with tiie
.^r^^
arriving there in about five days. Here
they encamped on the historic battle-field where
General Jackson defeated the British Januaiy
8, 1815. From here they embarked on sailing
vessels destined for Lobas Island in the Gulf of
Mexico. They were forty-one days on the pas-
sage, encountering northeast storms, and it was
supposed that all had gone down. During this
voyage the smallpox made its appearance, and
all save Captain Williams took it in a mild
19
army of General Scott towards the city of
Mexico, and at the village of Plan del Rio, near
the mountain-pass of Cerro Gordo, they en-
countered and defeated the Mexicans under
General Santa Anna. At Jalapa the Cameron
Guards and other Pennsylvania troops halted
until the arrival of General Cadwallader. In
the March to Puebla, Captain \\'illiams" com-
pany was among the advance. At La Hoya
pass they occupied the hill on the right until
290
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the entire army passed that point. They were
then ordered to the front one-fourth of a mile
on the main road, where they encountered over
two hundred Mexicans, killing a number and
recapturing a number of horses belonging to the
celebrated Texan Ranger, Captain Walker.
Advancing to the right. Captain Williams met
Lieutenant Cochran, of the Voltigeurs, with
two mounted howitzers ; moving along together,
they encountered Captain Walker and his men.
The Cameron Guards " went in with a yell "
and assisted to defeat five times their number of
Mexicans, pursuing them as far as Los Vegas.
On the approach of General Childs he rode up
to Captain Williams and said, " Captain, didn't
we show the mustangs how to fight guerrilla ?"
May 15th, Captain Williams' company and
Captain Winder's company, of First Artillery,
reached Puebla. The inhabitants flocking to
see the troops were disappointed by the plain blue,
which greatly contrasted with the gaudy Mexican
uniform. In the beginning of August Gen-
eral Scott, with ten thousand men, resumed his
toilsome march over steep ascents to the crest
of the Cordilleras. Rapidly descending, the
army soon reached Ayotla, only fifteen miles
from the capital. At the commencement of the
bombardment of the citadel of Chapultepec,
Captain Williams, with two com^janies, was
thrown into a ditch, where they remained a day
and a night, protecting Drum's battery, until the
Second Pennsylvania, New York and South
Carolina regiments came along. Captain Wil-
liams' company took their place in line to join
the storming party on Chapultepec. The firing
was terrific. The Second Pennsylvania crossed
the field and ditches by flank and reaching the
wall in good order, passed through the breach
in the wall made by Drum's battery ; advancing
up the hill in the face of a galling fire under
command of Major Brindle (Colonel Geary
being wounded), they were over the ditch and
in the castle almost at the same moment that
General Pillow's command was. Captain
Samuel Montgomery and Captain E. C. Wil-
liams raised the first American flag on the cita-
del of Chapultepec, and kept it flying there
until General Scott rode up the causeway to the
citadel. In this gallant charge the Cameron
Guards lost eighteen men in killed and wound-
ed, and Captain Williams received a slight
wound in the shoulder. His company fought
valiantly until the city of Mexico surrendered.
Captain \\'illiams had the honor of being made
officer of the day, and raised the same flag
which had been raised at Chapultepec on the cit-
adel of Mexico, and the troops saluted and cheer-
ed it as they passed by. Subsequently, in the
United States Senate, a resolution was ofiered to
present a sword to Captain Brooks, of the regu-
lar army, for raising the first American flag in
the city of Mexico ; but it failed, from the fact
that a statement was presented by General Quit-
man, Colonel Geary and others, to the efifect
that the first flag raised in the city was by a
company in the Second Pennsylvania Regiment.
Why Colonel Geary should have said " a com-
pany of the regiment," when he saw Captain
Williams raise the colors of the Union, is unac-
countable. " Honor to whom honor is due."
The Cameron Guards went out with one
hundred and seventeen men and returned with
only thirty-two. When they returned to Har-
risburg in July, 1848, the citizens turned out
en masse to welcome the gallant survivors of
that brave band. Upon Captain Williams' re-
turn from Mexico, he was elected as an Inde-
pendent (in 1850) sheriff of Daupliin County,
serving the full term.
AA^hen the Rebellion broke out Governor
Curtin directed General Williams (who had
been commissioned brigadier-general of Dauphin
County militia) to organize Camp Curtin. He
had the honor of being the first volunteer mus-
tered into service for the defense of the Union.
After organizing Camp Curtin he also organized
Camp Slifer, at Chambersburg. He command-
ed a brigade during the three months' service ;
was with I'atterson in the Shenandoah, and was
subsequently mustered out at Washington City.
He was then a])pointed by President Lincoln,
through Secretary of War Simon Cameron,
colonel of the Loehiel Cav^dry, and directed to
raise twenty-four companies of that branch of
the service, which he accomplished in a veiy
short time. It was a difficult task to handle
three battalions of raw cavalry, but he soon got
his command into excellent drill and discipline.
THE WAR FOK THE UNION.
291
He went into camp at Jeffersonville, Ind., and
exchanged liis Pennsylvania horses for good
Kentucky stock. He was ordered to the front
under General Buell. At Green River he was
directed to take the advance. After the fall of
Fort Donelson his command was distributed
over Kentucky and Tennessee. His own regi-
ment, the Ninth Cavalry, became popular in
consequence of their discipline and good be-
havior. He was at Henderson when Buell and
Bragg marched into Kentucky ; was ordered to
Louisville without delay, and went from thence
to Crab Orchard, where he px-evented Kirby
Smith's cavalry from entering Kentucky at that
point.
After the ^^'ar of the Rebellion he was ap-
pointed an assistant United States assessor,
and continued to hold the appointment until
the office was abolished. Through his exer-
tions the funds were raised with which the
monument was erected at Harrisburg to the
memory of the soldiers of Dauphin County
who fell in the M^ar of the Rebellion. Colonel
Geary, Governor of Pennsylvania, General Wil-
liams and Major John Brady were appointed
commissioners to erect a monument to the
memory of the soldiers that fell in the Mexican
AVar. A great portion of the burden of the
erection of the monument on Capital Hill fell
to the lot of General Williams He superin-
tended the work, and all his labor was bestowed
without compensation.
He came to Chapman, Union township,
Snyder County, in the year 1871, where he en-
gaged in merchandising. He is extensively
engaged in handling bark, ties, grain, fish and
salt, and always keeps on hand a stock of gen-
eral merchandise. He has been postmaster
since 1872 to this date. He was twice married, —
first, January 16, 1843, to Selina Hetzel,
daughter of John Hetzel, of Harrisburg, who
died May 1865, at Harrisburg; June 5, 1873,
he married Mrs. A. E. Hetzel. At their ele-
gant home General and Mrs. Williams entertain
many friends, for they are " given to hospi-
tality."
The flag which General Williams raised on
Chapiiltepec and the citadel of JNIexico was made
by ladies of Philadelphia and presented to Gen-
eral Wa.shington, who caused it to be used at
the battle of Trenton. It was afterwards pre-
sented to Pennsylvania by Dr. Rush, together
with a Hessian and English flag captured at
Trenton, and kept in the State Library until
borrowed by General Williams, and never re-
turned to the library. The day prior to his de-
parture for Mexico, General Williams took it
out of the armory and carried it with him.
Prior to his departure for the War of the Re-
bellion he handed the flag to General Curtin,
who now has it iu his possession carefully
framed.
Company A, Perry Coixty. — Following
is the list of officers and men who served in
Company A, Ninety-second Regiment. All
served three years, excejjt where otherwise
noted.
Griffith Jones, captain, mustered in October 3, 1861,
three years ; promoted to major January 13,
1863.
George J. K. Farrell, captain, mustered in November
22, 1861, three years; promoted from second to
first lieutenant ; to captain February 6,1863; dis-
charged November 1, 1863.
John Boal, captain, mustered in August 11, 1863,
three years; killed at Avery8borough,N. C.March
16, 1865 ; buried in National Cemetery, Raleigh,
section 20, grave 53.
William M. Potter, captain, mustered in October 3,
1861, three years ; promoted from first sergeant to
first lieutenant May 21, 1863 ; to captain June
18, 1865 ; wounded at Readyville, Tenn., Septem-
ber 6, 1864 ; mustered out with company July 18,
1865.
Charles Webster, first lieutenant, mustered in Octo-
ber 3, 1861 ; resigned November 18, 1861.
Charles A. Appel, first lieutenant, mustered in Octo-
ber 3, 1861 ; promoted to captain Comjjany F
April 6, 1862.
Eugene S. Hendrick, first lieutenant, mustered in De-
cember 9, 1861 ; promoted from quartermaster-
sergeant to second lieutenant ; to first lieutenant
February 6, 1863 ; to quartermaster May 22,
1863.
EleazerMichiuer, first lieutenant, mustered in October
3, 1861 ; promoted from sergeant to second lien-
tenant May 20, 1865 ; to first lieutenant June IS,
1865 ; mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
Thomas D. Griffiths, second lieutenant, mustered in
October 7, 1861, three years ; promoted fi-om first
sergeant Company B May 22, 1863 ; resigned May
29, 1864.
292
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Samuel H. Schneck, first sergeant, mustered in Octo-
ber 3, 1861; promoted from corporal May 20,
1865 ; mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
Henry S. O'Neill, commissary-sergeant, mustered in
October 3, 1861, three years ; promoted from
corporal January 1, 1864; mustered out witli
company July 18, 1865 ; veteran.
Jacob H. Low, quartermaster-sergeant, mustered
in October 3,1861; promoted from sergeant Jan-
uary 1, 1864; mustered out with company July
18, 1865 ; veteran.
John M. Giaybill, sergeant, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; promoted from private January 1, 1864 >
mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
James B. Hamersly, sergeant, mustered in October 3,
1861; promoted from private January 1, 1864;
commissioned second lieutenant March 16, 1865,"
not mustered ; mustered out with company July
18, 1865 ; veteran.
James M. Haney, sergeant, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; promoted from private January 1, 1864 ;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
Wm. H. Coleman, sergeant, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; promoted from private December 1, 1864;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
Jos. H. Marshall, sergeant, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; promoted from private July 1, 1865 ;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
Henry K. Myers, sergeant, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; promoted to first lieutenant Company L
May 27, 1863.
Thos. J. Foose, sergeant, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; promoted to commissary May 22, 1863.
Henry Kroh, sergeant, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
promoted to quartermaster-sergeant February
24, 1864 ; veteran.
B. H. Branyan, sergeant, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; discharged July 15, 1865 ; veteran.
M. B. P. Stewart, sergeant, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
killed at Griswoldville, Ga., November 22, 1864 ;
veteran.
Robert M'Eliget, sergeant, mustered in October 3,
1861.
Henry Haverstick, corporal, mustered in October 3,
1861; promoted to corporal January 1, 1864;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
William Radamacher, corporal, mustered in October
3, 1861; promoted to corporal January 1, 1864;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
'IVilliam G. Sheets, corporal, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; promoted to corporal July 1, 1864 ; mustered
out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran.
Rudolph Wire, corporal, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
promoted to corporal July 1, 1864 ; mustered out
with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran.
Josiah Sweezy, corporal, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
promoted to corporal November 1, 1864 ; wounded
at Griswoldville, Ga., November 22, 1864; must-
ered out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran.
James W. Kennedy, corporal, mustered in October
3, 1861 ; promoted to corporal July 1, 1864 ;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
George W. Pannells, corporal, mustered in September
5, 1864, one year; promoted to corporal March
1, 1865; discharged by General Order May 29,
1865 ; veteran.
John A. Haney, bugler, mustered in May 27, 1864;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865.
Tilghman Miller, bugler, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
killed at Louisville, Ky., July 20, 1864; veteran.
Stephen B. Boyer, bugler, mustered in November 22,
1861 ; wounded at Triune, Tenn., June 11, 1863 ;
transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, date un-
known.
John A. Gilmore, saddler, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; woundedat Averysborough, N. C, March
16, 1865 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out ;
veteran.
Charles Dixon, farrier, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
John H. Noss, blacksmith, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
Louis M. Albright, private, mustered in May 23,
1864; died at Mount Olive, N. C, March 30,
1865.
Frederick Albright, private, mustered in October 3,
1861.
Samuel Allen, private, mustered in October 3, 1861.
John Barrett, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
Daniel S. Becktell, private, mustered in October
31, 1861 ; mustered out with company July 18,
1865.
David K. Buchanan, private, mustered in August 31,
1861 ; wounded at Averysborough, N. C, March
16, 1865 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out.
Augustus Banely, private, mustered in August 30,
1864.
Samuel S. Bellman, private, mustered in October 7,
1864, one year ; mustered out with company
July 18, 1865.
Luke Brass, private, mustered in February 27, 1864,
one year.
Samuel Boyer, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
mustered out with company October 26, 1864,
expiration of term.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
293
Paul Q. Bates, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
mustered out with company April 10, 1865, to
date from expiration of term.
Daniel W. Barrack, private, mustered in August 15,
186-1, one year ; discharged by General Order
May 29, 1865.
John W. Bard, private, mustered in August 15, 1864,
one year ; discharged by General Order May 29,
1865.
John Billow, private, mustered in August 31, 1864,
one year ; discharged by General Order May 29,
1865.
John Bleasom, private, mustered in August 31, 1864,
one year ; discharged by General Order May 29,
1865.
Ferd. I. Benner, private, mustered in November 27,
1861 ; transferred to Mississippi Marine Brigade,
date unknown.
Michael Coup, private, mustered in October 3, 1861;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ; vet-
eran.
Edwin S. Cassidy, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
Jeremiah Carroll, private, mustered in August 18,
1864, one year; wounded at Griswoldville, Ga.,
November 22, 1864: discharged by General Or-
der May 29, 1865.
John B. Dunn, private, mustered in May 26, 1864 ;
captured, date unknown ; absent at Parole Camp
at muster out.
Hugh Donohugh, private, mustered in August 17,
1864 ; substitute ; prisoner from November 28,
1864, to April 19, 1865; discharged June 20th, to
date June 5, 1865.
John Donley, private, mustered in August 17, 1864,
one year; discharged by General Order May 29,
1865.
Thomas Dailey, private, mustered in September 14,
1863; prisoner from November 18, 1864, to April
28, 1865 ; discharged by General Order June 7th,
to date May 18, 1865.
George F. Emerson, private, mustered in May 27,
1864; mustered out with company July 18,
1865.
Sol. B. Ellenthrop, private, mustered in May 14,
1864; discharged by General Order July 15,
1865.
Augustus Ebert, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; promoted to hospital steward January 1,
1865 ; veteran.
Benjamin Elrigbt, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; captured ; died at Andersonville, Ga.,
July 23, 1864, grave 3823.
Philip Ettine, private, mustered in October 31, 1861 ;
killed at Stone River, Tenn., March 19,1863;
buried in National Cemetery, section — , grave
86.
Cyrus A Frank, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; mustered out with company .Tuly 18, 1865,
veteran.
Martin Foster, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
discharged on surgeon's certificate August 13,
1862.
John T. Fritz, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, date un-
known.
Cornelius Forse, jirivate, mustered in October 31,
1861 ; killed at Stone River, Tenn., March 19,
1863.
Jacob Fenton, private, mustered in October 3, 1861.
Isaac Grubb, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ; vet-
eran.
Lewis F. Gintzer, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; mustered out October 26, 1864, expiration
of term.
James P. Gates, private, mustered in August 8, 1864,
one year; discharged by General Order May 29,
186.5.
John W. Greek, private, mustered in August 15, 1864,
one year ; discharged by Geueral Order May
29, 1865.
Cyrus Grear, private, mustered in September 5, 1864,
one year; discharged by General Order May
29, 1865.
John T. Galbaugh, private, mustered in May 4, 1864 ;
discharged by General Order June 12, 1865.
D. V. Gunderman, private, mustered in August 31,
1864 one year ; discharged by General Order
June 12 1865.
John M. Grove, private, mustered in September 20,
1864, one year ; discharged by General Order
May 29, 1865.
William M. D. Haines, private, mustered in Oc-
tober 3, 1861 ; mustered out with company
July 18, 1865, veteran.
Ellis T. Hamersly, private, mustered in October 31,
1861; wounded at Carter's Station, December
30, 1862, and at Watauga River, Tenn., Janu-
ary 1, 1863; mustered out with company July
IS, 1865 ; veteran.
Charles H. Hime, private, mustered in May 10, 1864;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865.
Oscar T. HotTnian, private, mustered in May 23, 1864;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865.
George Hogan, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865.
John Hile, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ; cap-
tured at Crab Orchard. Ky., September 16, 1862 ;
discharged on surgeon's certificate March 8, 1863.
Jacob Huggins, private, mustered in August 31, 1864;
discharged by General Order May 29, 1865.
Samuel Hamilton, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; wounded at Thompson Station, Tenn.,
March 5, 1863 ; transferred to Veteran Reserve
Corps, date unknown.
294
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLPJYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
JohnHazzard, private, mustered in October 3, 1861.
John Hogan, private, not on muster-out roll.
Samuel Irely, private, mustered in May 27, 1864;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865.
Ezekiel Jones, private, mustered in May 18, 1864;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865.
Henry C. Jones, private, mustered in September 25,
1864, one year; discharged by General Order
June 15, 1865.
Isaac Jones, private, mustered in October 3, 1861.
David Kelley, private, mustered in May 26, 1864.
William H. Kauffman, private, mustered in October
3, 1861 ; wounded at Carter's Station, Tenn., De-
cember 30, 1862 ; discharged, date unknown.
David Kenely, private, mustered in September 25,
1864, one year; discharged by General Order
May 29, 1865.
Jacob Kirne, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
died at Bowling Green, Ky., March 29, 1862.
Jacob Kemmerer, private, mustered in October 3,
1861.
Peter S. Lesh, private, mustered in May 27, 1864 ;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865.
William Liddick, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
James Leedy, private, mustered in October 3, 1861;
discharged on surgeon's certificate July 9, 1865 ;
veteran.
W. H. Lamberton, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; mustered out at expiration of terra.
Samuel B. Linn, private, mustered in August 4, 1864,
one year; discharged by General Order May 29,
1865.
Abraham W. Long, private, mustered in August 31,
1864; discharged by General Order June 27,
1865.
John H. Lowe, private, mustered in May 13, i 864 ;
discharged by General Order June 27, 1865.
John W. Liddick, private, mustered in October 3,
1861; killed at Mifflin, Pa., April 24, 1864;
veteran.
Henry H. Mertz, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
Victor Matauer, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
John Mountz, private, mustered in May 17,1864;
mustered out with company June 18, 1865.
John Masonhimer, private, mustered in June 20,
1864 ; discharged by General Order July 18,
1865.
John S. Musser, private, mustered in September 25,
1864, one year; wounded at Averysborougli, N. C,
March 16,1865; discharged by General Order
July 15, 1865.
William Mutzebaugh, private, mustered in October
3, 1861 ; mustered out with company July 18,
1865.
Louis E. Murry, private, mustered in September 25,
1864, one year; discharged by General Order
May 29, 1865.
Chas. Mitchell, private, mustered in August 31, 1864,
one year; discharged by General Order May 29,
1865.
David H. Miller, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; discharged, date, unknown, for wounds re-
ceived at Triune, Tenn., June 11, 1863.
Michael Mott, private, mustered in September 3,
1864, one year; prisoner from October 8, 1864,
to April 21, 1865 ; discharged by General Order
June 16th, to date from May 6, 1865.
John Mitchell, private, mustered in October 3, 1861.
John S. McClintock, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; mustered out with company July 3 8, 1865;
veteran.
Robert" McDonald, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; mustered out with company July 18, 1860;
veteran.
Isaac McCoy, private, mustered in October 3, 1861;
prisoner from November 18, 1864, to April 28,
1865 ; discharged by General Order June 7th, to
date May 18, 1865 ; veteran.
Robt. S. McCann, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; discharged by Special Order June 6, 1865;
veteran.
E. McConnagha. private, mustered in September 25,
1864; captured at Raleigh, N. C, April 12, 1865;
discharged by General Order May 29, 1865; vet-
eran.
Alexander McCoy, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; captured ; died at Goldsborough, N. C, date
unknown ; veteran.
William McClintock, private, mustered in October 3,
1861; transferred to Mississippi Marine Brigade,
date unknown.
Robert Nixon, private, mustered in October 3, 1861;
discharged on surgeon's certificate November 18,
1862.
Joseph Onier, private, mustered in August 31, 1864,
one year; discharged by General Order May 29,
1865.
A. Davis Owens, private, mustered in October 3,
1861; discharged on surgeon's certificate June
16, 1862. '
Lazarus Phillips, private, mustered in November 22,
1864; captured at Raleigh, N. C, April 12, 1865;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865; vet-
eran.
Hiram Potter, private, mustered in September 4,
1864, one year; wounded at Averysborongh, N.
C, March 16, 1865; absent, in hospital, at muster
out.
Solomon P. Palmer, private, mustered in September
25, 1864, one year; discharged by General Order
May 29, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNIOxN.
295
Noah Parks, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
mustered out October 2t\ 1864, expiration of
term.
Reuben M. Pines, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Novem-
ber 23, 1861.
Robert Pannell, private, mustered in October 3, J 861 ;
mustered out at expiration of term.
George B. Parsons, private, mustered in October 3i
1861 ; transferred to Mississippi Marine Brigade'
date uaknown.
William Rose, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
mustered out with companj' July 18, 1865.
George River, private, mustered in May 12. 1864;
mustered out with company July IS, 1865.
Ephraim Rice, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
discharged on surgeon's certificate April 9, 1862.
Thomas C. Reynolds, private, mustered in October 3
1861 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Novem-
ber 25, 1863.
Daniel W. Ricedaurfl', private, mustered in October
3, 1861 ; died at New Market, Ky., November 9,
1862.
John Shingler, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
Richard N. Sager, private, mu.stered in October 3,
1861 ; mustered out with company July 18, 1865;
veteran.
Albert Shaw, private, mustered in June 1, 1864 ;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865.
Peter S. Shuman, private, mustered in May 27, 1864;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865.
John Stutzholtz, private, mustered in August 24,
1864, one year.
Reuben Sherer, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
discharged on surgeon's certificate June 4, 1864.
Michael Smith, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
mustered out at expiration of term.
David R. Shibley, private, mustered in September 25,
1864; discharged by General Order May 29,
1865.
Israel E. Shaeft'er, private, mustered in August 31,
1864, one year ; discharged by General Order
May 29, 1865.
David Showers, private, mustered iii September 17,
1864, one year ; killed at Griswoldville, Ga., No-
vember 22, 1864.
John H. Stodter, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; died at Litchfield, Ky., April 9, 1862.
George Smith, private, nnistered in September 7, 1864,
one year ; not on muster-out roll.
George Seesholtz, private, mustered in August 24,
1864, one year ; not on muster-out roll.
Joseph A. Thompson, private, mustered in October
31, 1861 ; mustered out with company July 18,
1865 ; veteran.
John M. Tolland, private, nuistered in October 14,
1861 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Novem-
ber 7, 1861.
Sidney Tallant, private, mustered in August 6, 18()4,
one year ; discharged on surgeon's certificate May
27, 1865.
Christian Volzer, private, mustered in October 3, 186),
one year; discharged on surgeon's certificate, date
unknowu.
George W. Wert, private, mustered in October 3,
1861 ; wounded at Griswoldville, Ga., November
22, 1864 ; mustered out with company July 18,
1865; veteran.
James R. Willey, private, mustered in September 21,
1864, one year ; wounded at Griswoldville, Ga.,
November 22, 1864 ; absent, in hospital, at muster
out.
Hiram Wellmau, private, mustered in April 29, 1864;
captured, date unknown ; absent, at Camp Pa-
role, at muster out.
Frederick Walter, private, mustered in October 3,
1S()1 ; nuistered out at expiration of term.
Josiah Winters, private, mustered in October 29,
1861 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate.
Josiah Wright, mustered in August 31, 1864, one
year; discharged by General Order June 15,
1865.
William T. Willey, private, mustered in September
14, 1864, one year ; discharged by General Order
May 29, 1865.
William Wells, private, mustered in September 30,
1864, one year; discharged by General Order May
29, 1865.
Robert Wilson, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
died at Springfield, Tenn., April 12, 1862.
Isaac I. Winters, private, not on muster-out roll.
John Wilson, private, mustered in September 21,
1864; not on muster-out roll.
Levi Young, private, mustered in October 3, 1861 ;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865;
veteran.
Edward G. Yeager, private, mustered in SeptemberSO,
1864, one year; discharged by General Order
May 29, 1865.
Company B, Perry County. — The follow-
ing men served in Company I> of the Ninety-
second :
Elias Hciney, private, mustered in February 26, 1864,
three years ; residence, Juniata township ; mus-
tered out with company July 18, 1865.
William Reed, private, mustered in August 10, 1862,
three years; residence, Liverpool township;
transferred to Company L.
Co-MPAXY C, Perry Coixty. — The follow-
ing men served in Company C of the Xinety-
.seeond :
George A. Shuinan, second lieutenant, mustered in
October 11, 1861, three years; residence, Carroll
296
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
township ; promoted from private to sergeant
October 12, 1861 ; to first sergeant ; to second
lieutenant February 6, 1863 ; to first lieutenant
Company H May 22, 1863.
Jacob Coller, first lieutenant, mustered in October 17,
1861, three years ; residence, Saville township ;
promoted from regimental commissary-sergeant
May 19, 1865 ; mustered out with company July
18, 1865 ; veteran.
Samuel E. Spohn, first sergeant, mustered in October
11, 1861, three years ; residence, Greenpark ; pro-
moted to corporal October 12, 1861 ; to sergeant
July 18, 1863 ; mustered out with company July
18, 1865 ; veteran.
Jeremiah W. Weibley, quartermaster-sergeant, mus-
tered in October 23, 1861, three years ; residence,
Ickesburg; promoted from corporal January 1,
1864; mustered out with company July 18, 1865;
veteran.
Samuel P. Gutshall, commissary-sergeant, mustered
in October 11, 1861, three years ; residence, Jack-
son township ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
June 16, 1865 ; veteran.
Jacob B. Sheafer, sergeant, mustered in October 11,
1861, three years ; residence. Spring township ;
promoted from corporal December 25, 1864;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ; vet-
eran.
Samuel W. Fickes, sergeant, mustered in October 11,
1861, three years ; residence, Juniata township ;
promoted from corporal June 16, 1865 ; mustered
out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran.
William R. Firtig, corporal, mustered in August 5,
1863, three years ; residence, Millerstown ; pro-
moted to corporal May 20, 1865 ; mustered out
with company July 18, 1865; veteran.
James P. Cree, corporal, mustered in October 11, 1861,
three years; residence, Landisburg ; promoted to
corporal November 1, 1864 ; mustered out with
company July 18, 1865 ; veteran.
Henry Baker, corporal, mustered in October 11, 1861,
three years ; residence, Saville township ; pro-
moted to corporal December 25, 1864; mustered
out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran.
Cornelius Baker, corporal, mustered in October 11,
1861, three years; residence, Saville township;
promoted to corporal January 17, 1865 ; mustered
out with company July IS, 1865 ; veteran.
James A. Anderson, private, mustered in October 11,
1861, three years ; residence, Andersonburg ; mus-
tered out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran.
Henry H. Attig, private, mustered in August 30, 1864,
three years ; residence, Millerstown ; discharged
by General Order May 29, 1865.
Samuel Baker, private, mustered in September 12,
1864, three years; residence, Saville township;
died April 13th, of wounds received at Raleigh,
N. C, April 12, 1866.
William S. Linn, private, mustered in August 30,
1864, three years ; residence, Tuscarora township ;
discharged by General Order May 29, 1865.
Jerome B. Lahr, private, mustered in August 31, 1864,
three years ; residence. Greenwood township ;
discharged by General Order May 29, 1865.
W. D. Messimer, private, mustered in September 24,
1864, three years ; residence, Bloomfield ; dis-
charged by General Order May 29, 1865.
Samuel Noll, private, mustered in September 24,
1864, three years ; residence. Spring township ;
discharged by General Order May 29, 1865.
Jere. RafFensberger, private, mustered in October 11,
1861, three years ; residence, Juniata township ;
discharged December 24, 1864, expiration of
term.
Daniel Ricedorii' private, mustered in October 11,
1861, three years ; died at Lebanon, Ky., No-
vember 9, 1862.
Walter A. Scott, private, mustered in October 11,
1861, three years; residence, Bloomfield; must-
ered out with company July 18, 1865 ; veteran.
Walter H. Smeigh, private, mustered in October 11,
1861, three years; residence. Centre township;
discharged by General Order August 3, 1865 ;
veteran.
David L. Sheafer, private, mustered in September 1,
1864, three years; residence, Tyrone township;
mustered out with company July 18, 1865 ;
veteran.
Charles H. Sheafer, private, mustered in August 31,
1864, three years ; residence, Tyrone township ;
discharged by General Order May 29, 1865.
Allen Saylor, private, mustered in August 30, 1864,
three years; resideuce, Newport; discharged by
General Order May 29, 1865.
Simon Stone, private, mustered in August 30, 1864,
three. vears; residence, Newport; discharged by
General Order May 29, 1865.
William Stumbaugh, private, mustered in September
27, 1864, thi'ee years ; residence, Tyrone town-
ship ; discharged by General Order May 29, 1865.
John P. Spohn, private, mustered in August 30, 1864,
three years ; residence. Spring township ; dis-
charged by General Order May 29, 1865.
Henry L. Tressler, private, mustered in October 11,
1861, three years; residence, Juniata township;
transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps.
Reuben Zeigler, private, mustered in July 11, 1864,
three years ; residence, Oliver township ; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate June 26, 1865.
Company G, Perry County. — The follow-
ing men served in Company G of the Ninety-
second :
John H. Arnold, private, mustered in November 26,
1864, three years ; residence, Bloomfield ; mus-
tered out with company July 18, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
297
Alexander B. Grosh, private, mustered in September
24, 1864, three years ; residence, Blain ; dis-
cliarged by General Order May 29, 18()5.
Aaron H. Ginrich, private, mustered in August 20,
1864, three years; residence, Saville township;
discharged by General Order May 29, 1865.
Charles Hinebach, private, mustered in September
24, 1864, three years; residence. Greenwood
township; captured April 21,1865; discharged
by General Order May 29, 1865.
D. M. Hohenshildt, private, mustered in September
24, 1864, three years; residence, Madison town-
ship ; discharged by General Order May 29, 1865.
John Jones, private, mustered in September 25, 1864,
three years ; residence, Juniata township ; killed
at Solemn Grove, N. C, March 10, 1865.
George S. Lackey, private, mustered in September 25,
1864, three years ; residence, Carroll township ;
discharged by General Order July 25, 1865.
James P. Laird, private, mustered in September 25,
1864, three years ; residence, Bloomfield ; dis-
charged by General Order July 22, 1865.
Company H, Perry County. — The follow-
ing men served in Company H of tiic Xinety-
set'ond :
George A. Shuman, captain, mustered in October 11,
1861, three years; residence, Carroll township;
promoted from second sergeant Company C to
first sergeant May 22, 1863 ; to captain August
30, 1864.
Henry Fritz, corporal, mustered in October 29, 1861,
three years; residence. Centre township; pro-
moted to corporal January 1, 1865 ; mustered out
with company July 18, 1865; veteran.
James P. Cromleigh, corporal, mustered in October
29, 1861, three yeai's ; residence, Duneannon ;
promoted from bugler May 15, 1865; mustered
out with company July 18, 1865.
Company L, Perry County. — One man
from Perry Connty served in Company L of
the Ninety-second, —
Henry K. Myers, first lieutenant, mustered in October
3, 1861, three years; residence, Newport; pro-
moted from sergeant Company A May 26, 1863 ;
captured at Solemn Grove, N. C, March 10,
1865 ; mustered out with company July 18, 1865.
Company M, Perry County. — The follow-
ing men served in Comjjany M of the Ninety-
second :
M. Shottsberger, private, mustered in August 30,
1864, three years ; residence, Greenwood town-
ship; discharged by General Order May 29,
1865.
Jesse Shottsberger, private, mustered in August 30,
1864, three years; residence. Greenwood town-
ship ; discharged by General Order May 29,
1865.
Edmund Webster, private, mustered in August 31,
1864, three years ; residence. Greenwood town-
ship; died on his way home from Wilmington,
N. C, 1865.
CHAPTER VIII.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION— (Coniijiued).
From the One Hundred and First to the Two Hundred
and Thirteenth Regiment Militia.
one hundred and first regiment.
The Oue Hundred and First Regiment
was raised in the western part of the State
in the fall of 1861, and organized at Camp
Curtin under command of Colonel Joseph H.
Wilsou. From that camp, on the 27th of Feb-
ruary, 1862, it moved to a camp at Meridian
Hill, Washington, D. C. It was attached to
the division of General Silas Ca.sey, and on the
28th of March moved by transport to the Vir-
ginia Peninsula, where it took active part in the
campaign of 1862 under General McClellan.
It was engaged in the battle of Williamsburg,
late in the afternoon, sustaining some loss. At
Fair Oaks (May 31 and June 1) it wa.s in the
heaviest of the battle, losing one-third its
strength in killed and wounded, and a month
later it participated in the Seven Days' battle,
closing by the retreat to Harrison's Landing,
and a stay of about six weeks at that point.
In September of the same year it M-as moved to
Suffolk, Va., and later in the tall to Newberu,
N. C, where it fought in the battle of Decem-
ber 14th. Its winter-quarters were established
at Newbern, and during 1863 and a part of
1864 it remained in North Carolina engaged
in the various military operations of that
locality, being posted much of the time in a
camp at Plymouth. In April (1864) it took
part in the siege of Little Washington, and was
engaged in the heaviest fighting of the battle of
Plymouth, in which last-named encounter
(April 20th) nearly the entire regiment were taken
prisoners, and a large proportion of them after-
wards died in the prison-pens of the South. At
298
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the time of the capture of the main body of the
regiment at Plymouth, some of the officers and
men were absent on leave and more were sick
at Roanoke Island. As the sick recovered and
those on leave returned, they (together with
about one hundred recruits) were formed into
a detachment and placed on duty as a part of
the garrison of Roanoke Island, retaining the
regimental number and nominal organization,
though it was but the skeleton of a regiment.
To this skeleton tlie returning prisoners joined
themselves as fast as paroled, and in March,
1865, eighi newly-raised ci'Uipanies were nomi-
nally added to the organization, but the end of
the war came so soon afterwards that no con-
solidation was effected, and the new companies
never actually became a part of the regiment,
though they were mustered out of the service
with it, at Newbern, on the 25tli of June, 1865.
Of the new companies referred to, two, com-
manded respectively by Captains Levi Musser
and Cornelius McClellan, were made up of men
of Juniata County, with a few from Perry and
MifHin. Rolls of these companies are here
given.
Company A,' Juxiata County. — The fol-
lowing served in Company A of the Ninety-
Second. (A few of the men were from Mifflin
and Perry Counties.)
Levi Musser, captain, mustered in March 14, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.'
Henry P. Owens, first lieutenant, mustered in March
14, 1865, one year; mustered out with company
June 25, 1865.
John T. Metlin, second lieutenant, mustered in March
14, 1865, one year; mustered out with company
June 25, 1865.
Samuel M. Elliott, first sergeant, mustered in March
8, 1S65, one year; nuistered out with company
June 25, 1865."
George Goshen, sergeant, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Frederick Weiman, sergeant, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
William B. Hawk, sergeant, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
'New company assigned March, 1865.
Annanias G. Brown, sergeant, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865. '
Jacob Kauffman, corporal, mustered in March 11,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
John A. Kauflrnan, corporal, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Frederick Cassel, corporal, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
.lerome F. Wimer, corporal, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865. "
Robert A. Reynolds, corporal, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
John N. Copeland, corporal, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Alexander Patterson, corporal, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
John Marshman, corporal, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Alpheus Rainier, musician, mustered in March 11,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Martin B. Bear, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
William Barton, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Lewis Bond, private, mustered in March, 8, 1865, one
year; mustered out with company June 25, 1865.
Isaac Brubaker, private, mustered in March 11, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Philip Cline, private, mustered in March 4, 1865, one
year ; mustered out with company June 25, 1865.
Samuel Cassel, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Daniel Cassel, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865."
J. H. Cunningham, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
George B. Doughman, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Earnest Dijiple, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year; nuistered out with company June 25,
1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
299
Alfred L. Dalton, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Isaac Etka, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
John Etka, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Daniel Fay, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year; not on muster-out roll.
Joseph File, private, mustered in March 14, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
John R. M. Fink, private, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
June 25, 1865.
Jacob G. Fink, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year ; mustei'ed out with company June 25,
1865."
William Gro, private, mustered in March 11, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Theodore Gable, private, mustered in March 11, 1865,
one year ; mustered out witli company June 25,
1865.
Grin S. Groninger, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
George M. Hess, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 26,
1865.'
Jacob Heikes, private, nnistered in March 10, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865!
Daniel M. Heister, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Thomas B. Hittle, private, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
David Haller, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Thomas Hardy, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company Juue 25,
1865!
John Houtz, private, mustered iu March 8, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
David P. Kurtz, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865!
John Kiser, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
John KaufTman, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Henry Link, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year; died at Roanoke Island, N. C, April
10, 18(i5.
Joseph C. Leyder, private, mustered in March 11,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
George D. Leatton, private, mustered in March 11,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865. "
George W. Linthui-st, private, mustered in March 10,
1865 ; mustered out with company June 25, 1865.
Joseph Long, private, mustered in March 10, 1865 ;
mustered out with company June 25, 1865.
HeniT Long, private, mustered in March 8, 1865 ;
absent at muster out.
David Louder, private, mustered in March 8,1865;
mustered out with company June 25, 1865.
Joseph Landis, private, mustered in March 8, 1865 ;
mustered out with company June 25, 1865.
Jacob Miller, private, mustered in March 11, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Frederick Markley, private, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Thomas Morrissey, private, mustered in March 14,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Evard O. Meloy, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Alexander Meloy, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company
June 25, 1865.
Jacob Mah]on,.private, mustered in March 8. 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Hiram McDonald, private, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25,1865.
Abner McDonald, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
George R. Owens, private, mustered in March 4, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
JohnS. Oberlin, private, mustered in March 28, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Armstrong C. Powell, private, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
James B. Ross, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
David Reese, private, mustered in March 8, 1S65,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
300
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Septimus W. Stout, private, mustered in Marcli 8,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
James B. Souders, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Washington Sheets, private, mustered in March 11,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865. "
James B. Sheets, private, mustered in March 11, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
David G. Stewart, private, mustered in March 11,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Emanuel Smith, private, mustered in March 11, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Luther A. Swope, private, mustered in March 14.
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865. '
Jonas Sellers, private, mustered in March 14, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
David Sellers, private, mustered in March 14, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Henry Stewart, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
John V. Savior, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Alfred Steel, private, mustered in March 8, 1865, one
year; mustered out with company June 25, 1865.
Thaddeus Switzer, private, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Solomon S. Shirk, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
John Strayer, private, mustered in March 8, 1865, one
year ; mustered out with company June 25, 1865.
Isaac Saylor, private, mustered in March 8, 1865, one
year; mustered out with company June 25, 1865.
H. Shellenberger, private, mustered in March §,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Thomas W. Trout, private, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
John Thomas, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year ; mustered out witli company June 25,
1865.
Daniel Toy, private, mustered in March 4, 1865, one
year ; mustered out with company June 25, 1865.
Daniel H. Uliel, private, mustered in March 11, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
John N. Vanormer, private, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865. '
William H. Wise, private, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Charles Wareham, private, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
John Wagoner, private, mustered in March 8, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865!
John Wadsworth, private, mustered in March 4,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865. '
John H. Whitehead, private, mustered in March 11,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
William Walters, private, mustered in March 11,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865. "
Joseph Winters, private, mustered in March 11, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865."
Eli L. Yoder, private, mustered in March 11, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865!
William Yeaman, private, mustered in March 11,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
William Yoder, private, mustered in March 11, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
William Zimmerman, private, mustered in March 8,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
CoMP.^NY C, Union County.— The fol-
lowing served in Company C of the One Plun-
dred and First. This company was mustered
in March 18, 1865, and mustered out June 25,
18G5 :
Capfatn.
William Fichthorn.
First Lieutenant.
Samuel B. Keber.
Second Lieutenant.
Hubley D. Albright.
Frank C. Stoughton.
John D. L. Bear.
Jacob L. Worley.
David G. Alter.
Christian H. Kerr.
Corporals.
William H. Cawley.
William H. McCabe.
Jacob Sheaffer.
David M. SuloflT.
David .James.
Edward Stevens.
Jacob Machamer.
Jonath.an Miller.
Musicians.
Elias Yiesley.
Benjamin O. Rudy.
THE WAR FOll THE UNION.
301
Moses Acker.
Enoch Arnold.
Isaiah Barkey.
John Boyle.
Thomas Brackbill.
David A. Cassalt.
David Childs.
Brantly Chalfant.
Adam Chronister.
Amon Chronister.
George P. Derr.
Henry C. Derr.
George Day.
Thomas Dewire.
William Dewire
Peter Erb.
Jacob L. Fockler.
Moser R. Furman.
Adam Getz.
George F. Goodman.
Frederick Gougler.
William S. Gibbony.
William M. Group.
Howard W. Group.
John A. Gardner.
Joseph Geistwite.
John Hosier.
Thomas J. Henck.
Ephraim Hertzler.
Mark H. Harris.
Samuel Heft'ner.
John C. Hoffman.
George Hollinger.
Edward Mack.
John E. Mauck.
Peter A. Martz.
John Maister.
Washington S. Myers.
Peter H. Myers.
Howard Miller.
William Makin.
H. B. Mussina-
Hugh McMeeu.
John A. McElwee.
Charles McGhee.
Charles A. McKillip.
Alvin Nesbit.
Amos Peters.
George W. Robinson.
John C. Raum.
Jacob Rudy.
Elias Renner.
Isaac Simmers-
John C. Sechler.
.Jacob Swartz.
Robert M. Stuart.
Frank Spealman.
Isaac Slaybaugh.
Howard Snyder.
Jacob Stitzel.
Charles M. Thompson.
Samuel Tayler.
Sylvester S. Troup.
Gibson Trimmer.
John H. Trimmer.
Solomon Vanada.
James A. Hildebrand. James Wilson.
Cyrus M. Henck. Amos Whitmer.
Obediah Jacobs. William Wilkerson.
Hiram .Tenkins. Morgan Wright.
Lehman L. Koons. Samuel Wolf.
William Klingman. George Yeager.
John E. Logan. Elijah R. Ziegler.
Joseph E. Long.
Company E/ Juniata County. — The fol-
lowiiig served in Company E of the One
Hundred and First. (Some of these men were
from Mifflin and Perry Counties.)
Cornelius McClellan, captain, mustered in March 23,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Benjamin Geipe, first lieutenant, mustered in March
2.3, 1865, one year; mustered out with company
June 25, 1865.
Joseph Vanormer, second lieutenant, mustered in
March 23, 1865, one year; mustered out with
company June 25, 1865.
'New company assigned March, 1865.
Corbet D. Singer, flrstsergeant, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year ; mustered out with companv .June
25, 1865.
Alonzo H. Fasick, sergeant, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Joseph Martin, sergeant, mustered in March 14, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Stephen Seitz, sergeant, mustered in February' 24,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Benjamin H. Lamotte, sergeant, mustered in February
24, 1865, one year ; mustered out with company
June 25, 1865."
Henry Spitler, corporal, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
William V. Shirk, corporal, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
2.5, 1865.
Cloyd M. Parker, corporal, mustered in March 14,
1865, one year; mustered out with companv June
25, 1865.
Henry K. Schnell, corporal, mustered in February
24, 1865, one year ; mustered out with company
June 25, 1865.
Charles Gantz, corporal, mustered in February 25,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Henry H. Lamott, corporal, mustered in March 7,
1865, one year; mustered out with companv June
25, 1865.
Thomas Leonard, corporal, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Martin Kerr, corporal, mustered in March 22, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
186.5.
Cloyd Wise, musician, mustered in March 25, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
George Devinney, musician, mustered in FVbruarv 27,
1865, one year; mustered out with companv June
25, 1865.
Wesley Andrews, private, mustered in March 15, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
James Adams, private, mustered in March 7. 1865,
one year.
David Becker, private, mustered in March 17, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company Jiine 25,
1865.
John Blymer, private, mustered in March 16, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with companv June 25,
1865.
Samuel Bailey, private, mustered in March 22, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
302
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Nicholas Bride, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Thaddeus Book, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year ; mustered out witli company June 25,
1865.
Jacob Bailey, private, mustered in March 22, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Sylvester Cassel, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Jacob Denneus, private, mustered in February 27,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
John Dinst, private, mustered in March 15, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Isaac Dice, private, nuistered in February 24, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865!
Uriah Dice, private, mustered in February 24, 1865,
one year ; mustered out witli company June 25,
1865.
John Diehl, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
George Delancey, private, mustered in March 22,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
William H. Ferree, private, mustered in Marcli 7,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
William Foltz, private, mustered in Marcli 10, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Allen B. Fasick, private, mustered in March 14, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.'
Isaac N. Gingerich, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Israel Garman, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Richard M. Gushard, private, mustered in March 14,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
James C. Gilson, private, mustered in March 22,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Louis Gladfelter, private, mustered in March 22, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
John Housner, private, mustered in March 7, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
George Hain, private, mustered in March 16, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
John H. Herbst, private, mustered in February 25,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
George Heck, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Daniel Hertzler, private, mustered in March 15, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865!
Stewart Hertzler, private, mustered in March 15,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865. "
Jesse Howe, private, mustered in March 14, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
John N. Howe, private, nuistered in March 14, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865."
Robert C. Howell, private, mustered in March 22,
1865, one year ; mustered out witli company June
25, 1865. "
John E. Ilgenfritz, private, mustered in February 25,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
John Klotz, private, mustered in March 11, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
■ 1865.
Jacob Kerchner, private, mustered in March 14, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865."
John Keiler, private, mustered in February 26, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1866!
Rudolph Kauffman, private, mustered in March 14,
1865, one year; mustered out with company
June 25, 1865.
Joseph Kuffman, private, mustered in March 14, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865!
Nathan Keeley, private, mustered in March 23, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865!
Isaac D. Leib, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.'
Charles W. Mitzel, private, mustered in February 27,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Aaron Markle, private, mustered in March 22, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865!
Louis Markle, private, mustered in February 24, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865!
John E. Monahan, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
THE WAK FOR THE UNION.
303
Joseph W. Martin, private, mustered in March 22,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Emanuel Mitzel, private, mustered in February 28,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
26, 1865.
George McLaughlin, private, mustered in February
25, 1865, oue year ; mustered out with company
June 25, 1865.
Andrew J. McWilliams, private, mustered in March
10, 1865, one year ; mustered out with company
June 25, 1865.
William A. McCahren, private, mustered in March
14, 1865, one year ; nuistered out with company
June 25, 1865.
Thomas R. McClellan, private, mustered in March 14,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
John A. McGlaughlin, private, mustered in March 22,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
William Ort, private, mustered in March 7, 1865, one
year; mustered out with company June 25, 1865.
Philip Papst, private, mustered in February 24, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Daniel Panebaker, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
David Patterson, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Israel Shanabrook, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
George W. Shoup, private, mustered in February 28,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Jacob Slanterbach, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
George Shreffler, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Frederick Straub, private, mustered in Jlarch 15,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865. "
E. Shellenbarger, private, mustered in March 14,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Eobert Vanormer, private, mustered in March 23,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Henry Wilson, private, mustered in February 28,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Richard Weakley, private, mustered in March 16,
1865, one year; discharged by General Order
June 14, 1865.
Henry Wood, private, mustered in March 15, 1865,
one year; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
Jacob Wise, private, mustered in March 10, 1805, one
year ; nuistered out with company June 25, 1865.
Henrj' D. Weller, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, one year ; mustered out witli company June
25, 1865.
William B. Wright, private, nmstered in March 10,
1865, one year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Charles W. Weitzel, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, oue year; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
William B. Walls, private, mustered in March 14,
1865, one year ; mustered out with company June
25, 1865.
Shem C. Yoder, private, mustered in March 22, 1865,
one year ; mustered out with company June 25,
1865.
ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH REGIMENT.
In the first week in November, 1861, the One
Hundred and Fourth Regiment repoi'ted for
duty with eleven hundred and thirty-five of-
ficers and men, and was ordered to Washing-
ton. This regiment was first engaged at Bot-
tom's Bridge, followed by Savage Station, in
which it lost one killed and four wounded.
Fair Oaks, Allen's Farm, Peninsula, Malvern
Hill and Harrison's Landing are memorable
on account of engagements in Virginia.
On the 28th of December the brigade to
which the Oue Hundred and Fourth belonged
sailed from Fortress Monroe for Beaufort, S. C.
On the 5th of April the One Hundred and
Fourth embarked for a movement against
Charleston ; but before it had debarked, the
attack by the fleet was at an end, and the land
forces returned to their previous encampments.
The other engagements in which this regi-
ment participated were IMorris Island and the
attempt to capture Charleston. Toward the
close of July it was ordered to Florida, and
was posted for guard along the line of the rail-
road from Jacksonville to Baldwin, where it
remained about a month, when it was sent
north. It landed at Alexandria, Ya., and was
assigned to duty in the fortifications on the
south side of the Potomac, where it remainetl
until its term of enlistment expired.
The veterans of the One Hundred and Fouith
were joined to the Array of the Potomac, and
304
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
participated in the assault in front of Peters-
burg, on tiie 3d and 4th of April, and followed
in pursuit of the rebel army as far as Chester-
field Station. After these engagements the
regiment did guard and provost duty until the
25th of August, when it was mustered out of
service.
Company F, Perry County. — The follow-
ing served in Company F, of the One Hundred
and Fourth :
Joel F. Fredericks, captain, mustered in March 23,
1865, three years; residence, Bloomfield; mustered
out with company August 25, 1865.
David C. Orris, first lieutenant, mustered in March
23, 1865, three years; residence, Saville township;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
William Flicliinger, second lieutenant, mustered in
March 23, 1865, three yeara; residence, Madison
township; mustered out with company August
25, 1865.
William E. Baker, first sergeant, mustered in March
9, 1865, three years; residence, Saville township;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
Richard P. Hench, sergeant, mustered in March 10,
1865, three years ; residence, Saville townsliip ;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
William A. Boden, sergeant, mustered in March 10,
1865, three years ; residence, Saville township ;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
William C. Marshall, sergeant, mustered in March 10,
1865, three years ; residence, Howe township ;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
A. J. Kochenderfer, corporal, mustered in March 10,
1865, three years ; residence, Saville township ;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
Solomon E. Bower, corporal, mustered in March 10,
1865, three yeare ; residence, Saville township ;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
Irvin Kerr, corporal, mustered in M.arch 16, 1862,
three years ; residence, Tuscarora township ; mus-
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
William Jacobs, corporal, mustered in March 9, 1862,
three years; residence, Tuscarora township; mus-
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
Henry B. HoflTman, corporal, mustered in March 9,
1862, three yeare ; residence. Greenwood town-
ship ; mustered out with company August 25,
1865.
Martin L. Liggett, corporal, mustered in March 16,
1862, three years; residence, Saville township;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
John E. Miller, corporal, mustered in March 22, 1862,
three years ; residence, Juniata township ; mus-
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
John H. Briner, private, mustered in March 16, 1865,
three years ; residence, Tyrone township ; mus-
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
John T. Baker, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
three years ; residence, Saville township ; mus-
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
Benjamin F. Bender, private, mustered in March 9,
1865, three years ; residence, Saville township ;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
George W. Blain, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
three years ; residence, Juniata township ; mus-
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
L. Chamberlain, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
three years ; mustered out with company August
25, 1865.
Amos Coller, private, nmstered in March 10, 1865,
three years; residence, Saville township; mus-
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
Andrew Crawford, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, three years ; residence, Millerstown ; mus-
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
David Ernest, private, mustered in March 22, 1865,
three years ; residence, Millerstown ; mustered
out with company August 25, 1865.
J. R. Flickinger, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
three years ; residence, Saville township ; mus-
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
George W. Flickinger, private, mustered in March 12,
1865, three years ; residence, Saville township ;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
J. W. Flickinger, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
three years ; residence, Saville township ; mus-
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
George W. Fritz, private, mustered in March 22, 1865,
three years; residence. Centre township; mus-
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
James Fry, private, mustered in March 10, 1865, three
years ; residence, Tuscarora township ; discharged
by General Order May 30, 1865.
H. W. Flickinger, private, mustered in March 24,
1865, three years; residence, Juniata township;
discharged by General Order July 20, 1865.
Albert Gallatin, private, mustered in February 16,
1865, threeyears; residence, Bloomfield; mustered
out with company August 25, 1865.
John Ickes, private, mustered in March 9, 1865, three
years ; residence, Saville township ; mustered out
with company August 25, 1865.
Henrj' S. Jacobs, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
three years ; residence, Tuscarora township ; nms-
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
James Kepner, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
three years ; residence, Tuscarora township ; mus
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
Robert M. Kepner, private, mustered in March 9,
1865, three years ; residence, Tuscarora township ;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
Ephraim Kerr, private, mustered in March 16, 1865,
THE WAK FOR THE UNION.
305
three years ; residence, Tuscarora township ; mus-
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
Jacob Kline, private, mustered in March 9, 1865, three
years ; mustered out with company August 25,
1865.
T. M. Kochenderfer, private, mustered in March 9,
1865, three years ; residence, Saville township ;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
George L. Kline, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
three years; residence, Duncannon ; died at Fort-
rfss Monroe, Va., May 2, 1865.
Augustus Mickey, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, three years ; residence, Carroll township ;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
Davidsou Miller, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
three years; mustered out with company August
25, 1865.
David Reader, private, mustered in March 10, 1865,
three years ; residence. Spring township ; mus-
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
Jacob Reisinger, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
three years ; residence, Saville township ; mus-
tered out with company August 25, 1865.
Philip O. Reisinger, private, mustered in March 21,
1865, tliree years ; residence, Saville township ;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
William H. Reisinger, private, mustered in March 9,
1865, three years ; residence, Saville township ;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
Absalom Rice, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
three years ; mustered out with company August
25, 1865.
Benjamin Rice, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
three years ; mustered out with company August
25, 1865.
Conrad S. Rice, private, mustered in March 9, 1865,
three years ; mustered out with company August
25, 1865.
Jacob B. Shuman, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, three years ; mustered out with company
August 25, 1865.
Hamilton Simonton, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, three years ; mustered out with company
August 25, 1865.
Frederick N. Swartz, private, mustered in March 10,
1865, three years ; mustered out with comjiany
August 25, 1865.
Solomon Trostle, private, mustered in March 16, 1865,
three years; mustered out with company August
25, 18(55.
William W. Witmer, private, mustered in March 16,
1865, thsee years ; residence, Saville township ;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
O. P. Zimmerman, private, mustered in March 16,
1865, three years ; residence, Juniata township ;
mustered out with company August 25, 1865.
OXE HUNDRED AXD SIXTH EEGIMEXT.
Two Perry County men, both from Liver-
20
pool townsliip, were in Company C of tliis
regiment, tlie latter buing transferred to Com-
pany F.
OXE HUXDRED AXD SEVEXTH REfilMENT.
The One Hundred and Seventh Regiment
contained one company of Mifflin County men,
under command of Captain E. W. H. Ei.sen-
bise, and also a mmiber of men of Juniata
County, and a larger number recruited in the
county of Perry. The regiment was organized
in March, 1862, under Colonel Thomas A.
Zc'igle, of York County, who had been a sol-
dier in the Mexican War. Immediately after
organization the regiment moved to the front,
and was assigned to guard duty on the Orange
and Alexandria Raib-oad, but soon afterwards
marched to the Slienandoah Valley, from which
it retired to Front Royal, to Catlett's Station ;
thence successively to Weaversville, "Warrenton
and Waterloo, Va. On the 16th of July
Colonel Zeigle died at the headquarters, and
the lieutenant-colonel being in feeble health,
the line officers united in a request to the
Governor to commission Lieutenant-Colonel
Thomas F. McCo}' as colonel. This request
was complied with, and Colonel JleCoy soon
afterwards assumed command. He was an ex-
perienced soldier of the Mexican War, and at
the time of his promotion to the colonelcy of
this regiment was deputy quarterma,ster-generai
of Pennsylvania. He was at that time, and is
now, a resident of Lewistowu, Mifflin Countv,
and one of its most honored citizens.'
Returning from the Shenandoah Valley, the
regiment was first under fire at the battle of
Cedar Mountain, on the 9th of August, 1862;
tiieu it was engaged at the second battle of
Bull Run ; then, in succession, at South iloun-
tain, September 14, 1862; at Antietam, ou the
17th; at Fredericksburg, December 12th; at
Chancellorsville, May o, 186:1; at Gettysburg,
July 1st, 2d and od ; near Hope Chapel, No-
vember 28th; at Jericiio Ford, in May. 1864;
and in many of the engagements of the cam-
paign in tliat summer and autiunu.
1 See biograiiliical sketch in Chapter VI. ou Mexican
War.
306
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The regiment entered early on the spring
campaign of 1865, and continued on active
duty, participating in many actions, till the
surrender of the rebel army. It had part in
the great review on the 23d of May, and was
mustered out on the 13th of July, 1865. Fol-
lowing is given a list of the Perry men and the
Mifflin County company of the One Hundred
aud Seventh, viz. :
John G. Frow, surgeon of this regiment from muster
into service, March 7, 1862, until discharged on
surgeon's certificate, August 3, 1862, was from
Perry County.
Company B, Perry County. — The follow-
ing served in Company B of the One Hundred
and Seventh :
First Sergeant David W. Wagner (Spring township),
mustered in January 25, 1862; promoted to cor-
poral July 25, 1862; to first sergeant May 1,
1863 ; captured at Weldon Railroad, Va., Aug-
ust 19, 1864 ; died at Salisbury, N. C, November
14, 1864.
Sergeant John Kozier (Saville township), mustered
in February 27, 1862 ; promoted to corporal July
24, 1862; to sergeant May 1, 1863; prisoner from
August 30 to December 21, 1862; wounded at
Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863 ; died at Washing-
ton, D. C, August 5th, of wounds received at
Petersburg, Va.
Sergeant James R. McElhany (Bloomfield), mustered
in January 9, 1862 ; promoted to sergeant July
24, 1862 ; killed at Weldon Railroad, Va., Aug-
ust 19, 1864.
Corporal .Benjamin Keck (Spring township), mus-
tered in January 23, 1862 ; discharged on sur.
geon's certificate Februarj' 18, 1862.
Company F, Mifflin County. — The fol-
lowing served in Company F of the One Hun-
dred and Seventh Regiment :
E. W. H. Eisenbise, captain, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate April 3, 1863.
Oscar Templeton, captain, mustered in March 15, 1862,
three years ; promoted from first lieutenant May
13, 1863 ; discharged April 16, 1865, expiration
of term.
John F. Williams, first lieutenant, mustered in
March 6, 1862, three years; wounded at Gettys-
burg, Pa., July 1, 1863, and at Petersburg, Va.,
June 18,1864; promoted from second lieutenant
Company E June 1, 1863, to brevet captain, and
major March 13, 1865 ; discharged March 9, 1865,
expiration of term.
John A. Tompkins, first lieutenant, mustered in
March 15, 1862, three years ; promoted from sec-
ond lieutenant Company D May 22, 1865 ; com-
missioned captain March 8, 1865 ; not mustered ;
wounded at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863 ; mustered
out with company July 13, 1865 ; veteran.
William H. Scott, second lieutenant, mustered in
March 8, 1862, three years; discharged on sur-
geon's certificate September 23, 1862.
Frank H. Wentz, second lieutenant, mustered in Jan-
uary 27, 1862, three years ; promoted tikfirst ser-
geant March 8, 1862 ; to second lieutenant March
25, 1863; commissioned first lieutenant March 8,
1865 ; not mustered ; wounded at Gettysburg July
1, 1863 ; mustered out with company July 13,
1865.
Austin K. Buoy, first sergeant, mustered in April 26,
1862, three years; promoted to corporal February
21, 1865 ; to first sergeant May 2, 1865 ; mustered
out wiih company July 13, 1865 ; veteran.
Joseph Fitzpatrick, sergeant^ mustered in June 29,
1864, three years ; substitute ; promoted to ser-
geant ; mustered out with company July 13, 1865.
Morgan Comfort, sergeant, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years ; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa.,
July 1, 1863; promoted to sergeant Januaiy 17,
1865 ; mustered out witli company July 13, 1865 ;
veteran.
William R. Jones, sergeant, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years ; promoted to corporal February
29, 1864 ; to sergeant June 15, 1865 ; mustered
out with company July 13, 1865; veteran.
Wallace W. Rodgers, sergeant, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certif-
icate June 29, 1862.
Edward A. Smith, sergeant, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years ; promoted to sergeant April 1,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate June
14, 1862.
M. F. Hamaker, sergeant, mustered in March 16,
1862, three years; promoted to sergeant Decem-
ber 12, 1862; discharged on surgeon's certificate
March 3, 1863.
Robert J. Beatty, sergeant, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years; promoted to sergeant May 10,
1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem-
ber 13, 1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
March 6, 1863.
Frederick A. Hart, sergeant, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years ; promoted to sergeant June 11,
1863 ; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863.
William F. Haines, sergeant, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years ; promoted to sergeant Novem-
ber 1, 1863; captured at Weldon Railroad, Va.,
August 19, 1864; died at Salisbury, N. C, Jan-
uary 8, 1865; veteran.
John W. Jones, sergeant, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
December 13, 1862.
THE WAK FOll THE UiVION.
307
Bernard Stuber, sergeant, mustered in March 8, 18G2,
three years; promoted to sergeant April 20, 1862.
Richard Shatey, corporal, mustered in March 8, 18(>2,
three years; promoted to corporal Februaiy 2S),
1864; mustered out with company July 13, 1865;
veteran.
Patrick Campbell, corporal, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years ; promoted to corporal February
29. 1864; prisoner from August 19, 1864, to March
11, 1865; discharged by General Order June 29,
1865; veteran.
Henry Moser, corporal, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years ; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate February 14, 1863.
William Berryhill, corporal, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years; transferred to Veteran Reserve
Corps February 8, 1864.
William J. Morgan, corporal, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa.,
July 1, 1863, and at Petersburg, Va., July 12,
1864; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps Feb-
ruary 11, 1865.
Bishop Maxfield, corporal, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years.
James A. Deitrick, corporal, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years; promoted to coiporal June 30,
1862.
John Amos, private, mustered in June 28, 1864, three
years; substitute.
George Allen, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; wounded at Bull Run, Va., August
30, 1862, and at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863 ;
discharged March 1, 1865, expiration of term.
Jared Allen, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years.
George Angebrand, private, mustered in July, 1862,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Adam Benninger, private, mustered in March 8, 1S62,
three years ; wounded in action August 23, 1l62 ;
absent at muster out.
William Bates, private, mustered in June 23, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
Edward Burns, private, mustered in June 23, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
Benjamin Burk, private, mustered in June 15, 1864,
three years; substitute.
Daniel Bearley, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 24, 1862.
James D. Burns, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 26, 1862.
William H. Banner, private, mustered in July 20,
1862, three years; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate July 11, 1864.
John Brown, private, mustered in September 27, 1864,
one year; substitute; discharged by General
Order June 6, 1865.
Thom.;s Brown, private, mustered in September 7,
1864, one year ; substitute ; discharged by General
Order June 6, 1865.
David Birch, private, mustered in September 26, 1864,
one year; substitute; discharged by General
Order June 6, 1865.
Peter Benninger, private, nuistered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; wounded at South Mmntain, Md.,
September 14, 1862, and at Getty r^burg. Pa.. July
1, 1863 ; transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps
February' 11, 1864; discharged March 9, 1865, at
expiration of term.
Samuel Briggs, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years.
Samuel Brotzman, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years.
Byron Carpenter, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years; mustered out with company July 13,
1865 ; veteran.
John C. Clifford, private, mustered in June 28, 1864,
three years ; suDstitute.
William Conley, private, mustered in August 16, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
David Courtney, private, mustered in October 4, 1864,
one year; substitute.
George Cress, private, mustered in June 3, 1864, three
years ; substitute.
George Cross, private, mustered in June 27, 1864,
three yeare; substitute.
Henry Coarey, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 17, 1862.
A. B. Crawford, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 20, 1862.
John L. Christopher, private, mustered in August 30,
1864, one year; substitute; discharged by Gen-
eral Order June 6, 1865.
William T. Canada, private, mustered in August 31,
1864, one year; substitute; discharged by Gen-
eral Order June 6, 1865.
Barton A. Cooper, private, mustered in September 21,
1864, one year; drafted; discharged by General
Order June 7, 1865.
William O. Council, private, mustered in March 8.
1862, three years ; died at Fairfax, Va., May 11,
1862.
George G. Chick, private, nuistered in August 31.
1864, one year ; substitute ; killed at Dabney's
Mills, Va., February 6, 1865.
Giles Carpenter, private, mustered in March 8. 1862,
three years.
James H. Carrigan, private, musteretl in March 8.
1862, three yeare.
Andrew G. dinger, private, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years.
Reuben Detrick, private, mustered in April 26. 18t!2,
three years; mustered out with company July 13.
1865 ; veteran.
Joshua Doran, private, mustered in March 1, 1864,
308
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
three years ; mustered out with company July 13,
1865.
John Daniel, private, mustered in August 13, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
James Donnell, private, mustered iu June 28, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
James Duncan, private, mustered in August 18. 1864,
three years ; substitute.
John L. Daub, private, mu.stered in September 26,
1864, one year; substitute ; discharged by General
Order May 20, 1865.
John Deickler, private, mustered in September 28,
1864, one year; substitute; discharged by Gen-
eral Order June 6, 1865.
Patrick Doran, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; transferred to Veteran Keseive
Corps April 10, 1864; discharged April 7, 1865,
expiration of term.
John Delacy, private, mustered iu March 8, 1862,
three years.
Jacob Ddgblevage, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years.
Cornelius Eagy, private, mustered in March 8, 1862.
three years ; mustered out with company July 13j
1865 ; veteran.
William Eppensellcr, private, mustered in August 16,
1862, three years ; substitute; mustered out with
company July 13, 1865.
Foster Everhart, private, mustered in April 15, 1864,
three years; mustered out with company July 13,
1865.
John Eoaerick, private, musteredin September 19, 1864,
one year ; drafted ; discharged by General Order
June 20, 1865.
Joseph B. Earll, private, mustered in February 21,
1865, one year; disi.hargel by Genera! Order
June 3, 1863.
Myron A. Eastman, private, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years.
Berrtard Everhart, private, mustered in April 29, 1862,
three years ; veteran.
Jacob Finfrock, private, mustered in June 7, 1864,
three years ; drafted ; mustered out with company
July 13, 1865.
John Ferguson, private, mustered in June 23, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
Jacob Frey, private, mustered in September 19, 1864,
one year ; drafted ; discharged by General Order
June 2, 1865.
James Francisco, private, mustered in September 12,
1864, one year; substitute; prisoner from Feb-
ruary 8 to February 16, 1865; discharged by
General Order June 8, 1865.
Peter Frank, private, mustered in March S, 1862,
three years.
Levi Fraust, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years.
Oliver Graham, private, mustered in August 16, 1864,
three years ; subs.itute.
Albert C. GiflBn, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1,
1863 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Decem-
ber 29, 1864.
Clauae Gerard, private, mustered in September 19,
1864, one year ; drafted; discharged by General
Order June 6, 1865.
John E. Gallagher, private, mustered in September
19, 1864, one year; drafted; discharged by Gen-
eral Order June 6, 1865.
Martin Golden, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years.
Andrew Henson, privaie, mustered in August 26,
1864, three years; substitute; wounded; absent
at mu-ter out.
John Hitel, private, mustered in August 17, 1864,
three years ; substitute ; mustered out with com-
pany July 13, 1865.
Henry Hugh, private, mustered in August 16, 1864,
three years ; substiiute.
George Hendrie, private, mustereil in September 3,
1864, one year; substitute; discharged by General
Order June 6, 1865.
Charles Hannack, private, mustered in September 17,
1864, one year; substitute; discharged by General
Order June 6, 1865.
Elijah Hoover, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; died at Washington, D. C, Septem-
ber 18, 1862 ; buried in Military Asylum Ceme-
tery.
Judson Howell, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years.
Louis F. Jackson, private, mu=itered in August 12,
1864; one year; substitute.
Helman Johnson, private, mustered in June 23, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
David John.s, private, mustered in June 12, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
Edwin Jones, private, mustered in June 28, 1864,
three years; substitute.
John Jiles, private, mustered in June 25, 1864, three
years; substitute.
Thomas J. Jones, private, mustered iu March 8, 1862,
three years; discharged February 2, 1865, expira-
tion of term.
William Jackson, private, mustered in September 25,
1864, one year; substitute; discharged by Gen-
eral Order June 6, 1865.
Charles A. Jones, private, mustered in July 22, 1862,
three years.
James King, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years; mustered out with company July 13,
1865; veteran.
Thomas Kein, private, mustered in August 16, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
Jacob Kapf, private, mustered in August 8, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
William C. Kile, private, mustered in September 9,
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
309
1864, one year ; substitute ; discharged by General
Order June 6, 1865.
William Kerlin, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years.
Lorenzo Leidy, private, mustered in August 30, 1864,
three years; substitute; died at Baltimore, Md.,
March 6, 1865 ; buried in Loudon Park National
Cemetery.
Frederick Leavenworth, private, mustered in March
8, 1862, three yeare.
William Matters, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; mustered out with company July 1.3,
1865.
Michael Miller, private, mustered in October 6, 1864,
one year ; substitute ; wounded at Dabney's Mills,
Va., February 6, 1865; mustered out with com-
pany July 13, 1865.
William Murphy, private, mustered in June 14, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
William Master, private, mustered in June 24, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
Samuel Miller, private, mustered in June 24, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
James Mathews, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years; discharged on surgeon's certificate
June 1, 1862.
James Maben, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; captured at Weldon Railroad, Va.,
August 19, 1864 ; died at Baltimore, Md., April
7, 1865 ; veteran.
William Markley, private, mustced in March 8,
1862, three years ; captured at Weldon Railroad,
Va., August 19, 1864; died at Salisbury, N. C,
January 11, 1865 ; veteran.
John Mailes, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years.
John Muncy, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years.
Samuel J. Miller, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years.
John McPherson, private, mustered in Juue 25, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
Patrick McHale, private, mustered in June 23, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
John R. McDonell, private, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years; discharged on surgeon's certifi-
cate March 3, 1863.
William F. McCay, private, mu.stered in March 8,
1862, three years ; discharged July 14, 1862.
William McHenry, private, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years; discharged April 1, 1862.
Jason McDaniel, private, mustered in September 21,
1864, one year; drafted; discharged by General
Order June 6, 1865.
Josiah McAllen, private, mustered in February 29,
1862, three years ; transferred to Seventy-Fourth
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteei-s August 22,
1862.
William H. McBride, private, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years; killed at Bull Run, Va.,
August 30, 1862.
John Nycura, private, mustered in October 6, 1864,
one year; substitute; mustered out with company
July 13, 1866.
George Nycum, private, mustered in Septendjer 21,
18G4, one year; drafted; discharged by General
Order June 6, 1865.
John A. Nale, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; died October 9th of wounds received
at Antietam, Md., September 17, 1862; buried in
Military Asylum Cemetery-, Li. C.
Edgar Palis, private, mustered in June 6, 18l>4, three
years ; substitute.
William Poles, private, mustered in August 5, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
Michael Quigley, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
August 27, 1862.
Oliver Ransom, private, mustered in March 1. 1864;
three years; prisoner from August 19, 1864, to
March 9, 1865; discharged by General Order
June 29, 1865.
Radeliff Radclitl', private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July
1, 1863; prisoner from August 19, 1864, to Feb-
ruary 22, 1865 ; discharged July 10th, to date June
28, 1865 ; veteran.
Conrad Rutz, private, mustered June 27, 1864, three
years ; substitute.
Thomas Ryan, priv.ate, mustered in August 15, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
John Rechume, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
July 27, 1862.
Andrew J. Reddick, private, mustered in September
7, 1864, one year ; substitute ; discharged by Gen-
eral Order May 19, 1865.
Winfleld Raydore, private, mu.stered in September 6,
1864, one year ; substitute ; discharged by Gen-
eral Order June 6, 1865.
Noah Rine, private, mustered in Jfareh 8, 1862, three
years; discharged by General Order June 3,
1865; veteran.
Francis Spear, private, mustered in June 23, 18(i4,
three years ; substitute.
Joseph Steel, private, mustered in June 28, 18()4,
three years ; substitute.
James Smith, private, mustered in June 27, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
David T. Sanford, private, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate October 16, 1862.
William Shultz, private, mustered in March 8, 1862.
three yeare ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
October 30, 1862.
William Swartz, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three veai-s ; wounded at Bull Run. Va.. August
310
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
28, 1862 ; dsoharged on surgeon's certificate De-
cember 10, 18G2.
James O. Smith, private, mustered in March 19, 1862,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
August 19, 1862.
James Scott, private, mustered in September 17, 1864,
one year ; substitute; discharged by General Or-
der June 6, 1865.
George W. Stuckey, private, mustered in September
21, 1864, one year; drafted; discharged by Gen-
eral Order June 6, 1865.
Samuel Straightif, private, mustered in September 21,
1864, one year; drafted; discharged by General
Order June 9, 1865.
Philip E. Sellers, private, mustered in April 26, 1862,
three yeai-s; wounded in action May 18, 1864;
discharged on surgeon's certificate June 6, 1865;
veteran.
Charles C. Smith, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; captured at Weldon Railroad, Va.,
August 19, 1864; died at Salisbury, N. C, De-
cember 5, 1864; veteran.
Philip Sigleu, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years.
Overfield P. Sterling, private, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years.
William Turban, private, mustered in October 5, 1864,
one year ; substitute ; mustered out with company
July 13, 1865.
Henry C. Voshill, private, mustered in June 28,1864,
three years; substitute.
Lewis Weiland, private, mustered in August 3, 1864,
three years ; substitute ; mustered out with com-
pany July 13, 1865.
Augustus F. Wolf, private, mustered in October 13,
1864, one year ; substitute ; wounded at Dabney's
Mills, Va., February 6, 1865 ; mustered out with
company July 13, 1865.
James Weller, private, mustered in December 29,
1864, one year; substitute; mustered out with
company July 13, 1865.
Gardner Welsh, private, mustered in June 23, 1864,
three years ; substitute ; mustered out with com-
pany July 13, 1865.
John Wade, private, mustered in August 16, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
George White, private, mustered in August 16, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
Harry Whitman, private, mustered in June 28, 1864,
three years ; substitute.
Hiram Wise, private, mustered in June 2, 1864,
three years ; drafted; mustered out with com-
pany July 13, 1865.
Edwin V. Wright, private, mustered in September 21,
1864, one year; drafted; discharged by General
Order June 21, 1865.
Andrew J. Wilson, private, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years ; wounded at Fredericksburg,
Va., December 13, 1862, and at Gettysburg, Pa.,
July 1, 1863 ; captured at Weldon Railroad, Va.,
August 19, 1864; diedatLewistown,Pa., February
11, 1865 ; veteran.
Frederick Walker, private, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years.
Mich. Winclavage, private, mustered in March 8,
1862, three years.
Ephraim Yoder, private, mustered in June 16, 1864,
three years ; drafted.
James Yendall, private, mustered in March 8, 1862,
three years ; discharged on sui'geon's certificate
November 27, 1862.
Martin Zeigler, private, mustered in August 5, 1864,
three years; substitute; mustered out with com-
pany July 13, 1865.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH REGIMENT.
The One Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment,
or Twelfth Pennsylvania Cavalry, contained one
company (F) recruited principally in Juniata
County, and commanded by Captain William
Bell. Two of its lieutenants — David A. Irwin
and Henry E. Gutelius — were of Union
County, as were also a number of its enlisted
men. Another company (I), under Captain
Edson Gerry, contained a number of soldiers of
Mifflin, Union and Juniata Counties. The
regiment was organized in November, 1801,
with William Frishmuth as its colonel. Cap-
tain William Bell, of the Juniata company, was
afterwards promoted to be one of its majors. It
took the field in the latter part of April, 1862.
It first did duty in the summer and autumn
campaign of 1862, in Virgina and Maryland,
then, iu the summer of 1863, in the Gettysburg
campaign, and in 1864 in the operations in
Virginia, in which its service was arduous.
Iu the winter of 1864-65 it went across the
Blue Ridge to operate among the guerrillas of
that region. In April, 1865, it went to Win-
chester, in the vicinity of which it remained
till the 20th of July, when it was mustered out
of the service.
Company F, Juniata County. — Follow-
ing is a list of Company F of the One Hundred
and Thirteenth. (They were all mustered in
for three years except where otherwise noted.)
Willi.am Bell, captain, mustered in March 21, 1862;
promoted to major April 25, 1862.
David B. Jenkins, captain, mustered in March 3,
1862 ; promoted from fir,st lieutenant April 26,
1862 ; to major January 31, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
311
John W. Harris, captain, mustered in May 2, 18G2;
promoted from first lieutenant Company A Fel)-
ruary 3, 1865 ; mustered out with company July
20, 1865.
David A. Irwin, first lieutenant; promoted from sec-
ond lieutenant April 25, 1862 ; to captain Com-
pany E May 2, 1864.
Samuel Laird, first lieutenant, mustered in November
27, 1861; promoted to second lieutenant April
25, 1862; to first lieutenant April 9, 1864; dis-
charged on surgeon's certificate January 27,
1865.
John W. Miller, first lieutenant, mustered in Novem-
ber 27, 1861 ; promoted from second lieutenant
March 14, 1865; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865.
Henry E. Gutelius, second lieutenant, mustered in
January 11, 1862; wounded at Bull Run, Va.,
August 27, 1862 ; promoted from first sergeant
March 16, 1865 ; mustered out with company
July 20, 1S65.
Aaron E. Burlew, first sergeant, mustered in March
11, 1862 ; mustered out with company July 20,
1865 ; veteran.
William Ryan, quartermaster-sergeant, mustered in
February 1, 1864 ; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865 ; veteran.
John Earnest, commissary-sergeant, mustered in Feb-
ruary 24, 1862; wounded at Charlestown, Va.,
August 21, 1864; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865 ; veteran.
B. F. Pennepacker, sergeant, mustered in Februaiy
22, 1862 ; missing in action near Smithfield, Va.,
September 16, 1863.
George Warfel, sergeant, mustered in March 11, 1862;
mustered out with company July 20, 1865; vet-
eran.
George M. Bond, sergeant, mustered in January' 7,
1862; mustered out with company July 20, 1865;
veteran.
C. W. Fitzsimmons, sergeant, mustered in March 1,
1864; promoted from corporal June 1, 1865;
mustered out with company July 20, 1865.
John W. Cochran, sergeant, mustered in February
6,1862; promoted from corporal June 1,1865;
mustered out with company July 20, 1865.
Henry S. Beck, sergeant, mustered in March 20, 1 862 ;
discharged March 18, 1865, expiration of term.
Eph'm L. McCahan, sergeant, mustered in November
27, 1861 ; discharged March 18, 1865, expiration
of term.
David O. Kelly, sergeant, mustered in Septeaiber 3,
1862; discharged by General Order May 31, 1865.
Jerome B. Howe, sergeant, mustered in September 3,
1862; discharged by General Order May 31,
1865.
William P. Graham, corporal, mustered in December
18, 1863 ; mustered out with company July 20,
1865.
John McAlarney, corporal, mustered in February 26,
1862 ; mustered out with company .Tuly 20, 1865 ;
veteran.
Riley Persing, corporal, mustered in February 26,
1864; mustered out with company July 20, 1865.
Charles Piper, corporal, mustered in April 2, 1864;
mustered out with company July 20, 1865 ;
veteran.
William H. Fike, corporal, mustered in January 7,
1862; promoted to corporal June 1, 1865; mus-
tered out with company .Tuly 20, 1865.
Martin L. Gridley, corporal, mustered in September
5, 1864, one year; discharged by General Order
May 31, 1865.
Nathaniel F. Lightner, corporal, mustered in Sep-
tember 15, 1864. one year ; discharged by General
Order May 31, 1865.
Andrew Broombaugh, corporal, mustered in January
23, 1862; died March 21, 1865, of wounds re-
ceived at Hamilton, Va.
Alfred Broombaugh, bugler, mustered in January 23,
1862 ; mustered out with company July 20, I860 ;
veteran.
Samuel Bucher, bugler, mustered in February 17,
1864 ; mustered out with company July 20, 1865.
Samuel Blair, bugler, mustered in February 6, 1862.
Melancthon Unger, blacksmith, mustered in Febru-
ary 23, 1864; promoted to blacksmith May 3, 1865 ;
mustered out with company July 20, 1865.
Samuel Swanger, farrier, mustered in March 11, 1862;
mustered out with company July 20, 1865.
Nathaniel J. Mills, saddler, mustered in September
5, 1864, one year; discharged by General Order
May 19, 1865.
Jeremiah Kister, saddler, mustered in February 6.
1862; died at Chester, Pa., August 24, 1864. of
wounds received at Winchester, Va.
William Alstone, private, mustered in March 10,
1864; transferred to Company D February 15,
1865.
James Alexander, private, mustered in March 12,
1864.
Joseph Bleicher, private, mustered in January 22,
1862 ; absent, sick, at muster out.
Thomas Brady, private, mustered in April 28, 1864 ;
discharged by General Order July 5, 1865.
Samuel Berg, private, mustered in October 12. 1864,
one year; mustered out with company July 20,
1865.
Enoch Bequeath, private, mustered in February I'.i,
1862 ; discharged by General Order June 27.
1865; veteran.
Walter Burlew, private, mustered in September 3.
1864, one year; discharged by General Order
May 31, 1865.
Franklin Beckwith, private, mustered in November
26, 1861 ; transferred to Company D February
15, 1865.
312
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
H. D. Bauchman, private, mustered in May 28, 1863 ;
died at Frederick, Md., August 6, 1864; buried in
National Cemetery, Antietam, section 26, lot E,
grave 532.
Henry Bryant, private, mustered in February 9,
1864.
Robert A. Biddle, private, mustered in February 19,
1862; not on muster-out roll.
Solomon Bequeath, private, mustered in November
16,1861; not on muster-out roll.
John A. Bell, private, mustered in January 22, 1862;
promoted to captain Company A, One Hundred
and Eighty-second Eegiment Pennsylvania Vol-
unteers, September 4, 1863.
Henry Biggin, private, mustered in January 22,1862;
not on muster-out roll.
John H. Beiderman, private, mustered in January
25, 1862; not on muster-out roll.
Henry Blood, private, mustered in April 16, 1864; not
on muster-out roll.
William H. Calhoun, private, mustered in January
81, 1862; mustered out with company July 20,
1865 ; veteran.
George Curry, private, mustered in February 1, 1864;
absent, sick, at muster out ; veteran.
Jacob S. Clark, private, mustered in October 12,
1864, one year; mustered out with company July
20, 1865.
George CokendafPer, private, mustered in September
2, 1863; missing in action near Charlestown, Va.,
September 22, 1864.
Henry Claubaugh, private, mustered in January 23,
1862 ; mustered out with company July 20, 1865 ;
veteran.
William H. Carlisle, private, mustered in September
8, 1864, one year; discharged by General Order
May 31, 1865.
Thomas H. Cartin, private, mustered in February 26,
1862 ; discharged May 18, 1864, expiration of
term.
William H. Cheeseman, private, mustered in Febru-
ary 18, 1862 ; discharged by General Order June
27, 1865.
Elias Culyer, private, mustered in March 12, 1863.
Parley Coburn, private, mustered in January 7, 1862 ;
promoted to commissary of subsistence September
6, 1862.
Sylvester Conklin, private, mustered in January 7,
1862 ; not on muster-out roll.
Joseph Dunn, private, mustered in February 9, 1864;
mustered out with company July 20, 1865.
Leonard Dimmick, mustered in February 29, 1864 ;
mustered out with company July 20, 1865.
Thomas Davis, private, mustered in August 1, 1864,
one year; discharged by General Order May 31,
1865.
Elias Etlinger, private, mustered in January 31, 1862,
discharged on surgeon's certificate June 1, 1864.
William H. Eastman, private, mustered in February
4, 1862 ; discharged February 23, 1865, expii atinn
of term.
Thomas Eagan, private, mustered in February 18,
1862 ; not on muster-out roll.
Abel T. Fincher, private, mustered in February 17,
1864; mustered out with company July 20,
1865.
Joseph Fisher, private, mustered in October 1, 1864,
one year; discharged by General Order May 31,
1865!
William A. Goodman, private, mustered in January
31, 1862 ; mustered out with company July 20,
1865 ; veteran.
Matthew Gafney, private, mustered in February 9,
1864; mustered out with company July 20, 1865.
Edward Guramow, private, mustered in March 18,
1864; mustered out with company July 20, 1865.
Samuel G. Gutelius, private, mustered in September
8, 1864, one year ; discharged by General Order
May 31, 1865.
John W. Gummow, private, mustered in January 30,
1862.
John H. Hildebrand, private, mustered in November
27, 1861 ; mustered out with company July 20,
1865 ; veteran.
James H. Hildebrand, private, mustered in February
29, 1864; died at Salisbury, N. C, February 11,
1865 ; veteran.
Augustus Hoffman, private, mustered in January 23,
1862 ; mustered out with company July 20, 1865 ;
veteran.
Joel S. Higgins, private, mustered in March 23,
1864; died at Fortress Monroe, Va., April 7,
1865.
Owen Hammill, private, mustered in February 9,
1864.
Peter D. Henderson, private, mustered in January 23,
1862 ; not on muster-out roll.
Joseph Hamley, private, mustered in February 28,
1862 ; not on muster-out roll.
Tracey O. Hallis, private, mustered in March 10,
1862; promoted to second lieutenant Company
E February 4, 1865.
Wm. John, private, mustered in February 9, 1864 ;
mustered out with company July 20, 1865.
Lewis W. Jones, private, mustered in August 18,
1864, one year; discharged by General Order May
31, 1865.
Wm. R. Johnson, private, mustered in February 14,
1862 ; discharged March 18, 1865, expiration of
term.
George R. Johnson, private, mustered in April 11,
1864.
David Johnson, private, mustered in February 19,
1862 ; not on muster-out roll.
Wm. Kenney, private, mustered in November 26,
1861 ; captured at Smithfield, Va., September 16,
1863 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., May 11, 1864,
grave 1024.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
313
AVilliam Kellcy, private, mustered in April 2, 1864;
wounded at Cliarlestown, Va., August 27, ISiM;
absent, sick, at muster out.
William Kenada, private, mustered in February 11,
1864; mustered out with company July 20, 1865.
William Kellar, private, mustered iu February 25,
1864; discharged by General Order June 3, 1865.
Charles Knauss, private, mustered in February 27,
1862.
Thomas King, private, mustered in September 9, 1864,
one year.
James Kane, private, mustered in February 20, 1862 ;
not on muster-out roll.
Wm. Lauch, private, mustered in April 4, 1864 ; mus-
tered out with company July 20, 1865.
George P. Luther, private, mustered in April 14,
1863.
Wm. Leander, private, mustered iu November 27,
1861 ; not on muster-out roll.
John W. Lawrence, private, mustered iu January 11,
1862 ; not on muster-out roll.
John P. Meekly, private, mustered in February 18,
1862 ; mustered out with company July 20, 1865 ;
veteran.
John Murphy, private, mustered in February 9, 1864;
absent, sick, at muster out.
Joseph Mairs, private, mustered in March 22, 1864;
mustered out with company July 20, 1865.
Timotheus Montelius, private, mustered in November
14, 1861 ; discharged March 18, 1865, at expira-
tion of term.
George Myers, private, mustered in February 29,
1864.
James P. Myers, private, mustered in January 5,
1864.
B. H. Miller, private, mustered in November 27, 1861 ;
not on muster-out roll.
Samuel Montgomery, private, mustered in January 4,
1862 ; not on muster-out roll.
George Mingle, private, mustered in January 7, 1862 ;
not on muster-out roll.
George D. Mullihan, private, mustered in February 6,
1862; not on muster-out roll.
Jacob S. Moore, private, mustered in March 3, 1862 ;
not on muster-out roll.
Peter Murray, private, mustered in April 15, 1864 ;
not on muster-out roll.
David Mahon, private, mustered in April 15, 1864;
not on muster-out roll.
William McCarl, private, mustered in February 22,
1864 ; mustered out with company July 20,
1865.
William M. McAlarney, jirivate, mustered in Septem-
ber 5, 1864, one year ; discharged by General
Order July 5, 1865.
Alexander McDonald, private, mustered in February
18, 1862 ; discharged March 18, 1865, at expira-
tion of term.
John McDonald, private, mustered in May 19, 1864.
R. 8. McCulloch, private, mustered in February 14,
1862 ; not on muster-out roll.
William H. Newcombe, private, mustered in August
1, 1864, one year; transferred to Company D
February 15, 1865.
Jacob Nelson, private, mustered in March H, 1862;
not on muster-out roll.
Oliver G. Plowman, i>rivate, mustered in February 4,
1862; mustered out with company July 20, 1863;
veteran.
James M. Phillips, private, mustered in March 1.
1864 ; discharged by General Order July 24,
1865 ; veteran.
Jacob P. Peterman, private, mustered in August 16,
1864, one year ; discharged by General Order
May 31, 1865.
Thomas S. Paxton, private, mustered in January 30.
1862 ; transferred to Company D, date unknown ;
veteran.
F. C. Renninger, private, mustered in November 26,
1861 ; mustered out with company July 20, 1865;
veteran.
Marcus M. Rauck, private, mustered in February 19,
1862; mustered out with company July 20, 1865:
veteran.
Thomas T. Reece, private, mustered in February 9,
1864; mustered put with company July 20,
1865. .
Robert M. Rich, private, mustered in February
19, 1864; mustered out with company July 20,
1865.
Thomas R. Roberts, private, mustered in February 9,
1864; missing in action at Halltown, Ya., Novem-
ber 12, 1864.
Lilburn Robins, private, mustered in January 7, 1862 ;
not on muster-out roll.
James Robb, private, mustered in January 7, 1862 ;
not on muster-out roll.
Mortimer B. Spring, private, mustered in February
8, 1862 ; mustered out with company July 20,
1865; veteran.
John Swanger, private, mustered in March 11, 1862;
nmstered out with company July 20, 1865; vet-
eran.
Robert E. Stitt', private, mustered in February 11,
1864 ; mustered out with company July 20, 1865.
Jacob Spinger, private, mustered iu November 27,
1861.
Abraham Thomas, private, mustered in November
26, 1861 ; mustered out with company July 20,
1865; veteran.
Alexander R. Taylor, private, mustered in August 8,
1864, one year ; discharged by General Order
May 31, 1865.
Francis M. Taylor, private, mustered in February 10,
1864; discharged on surgeon's certificate Feb-
ruary 16, 1865.
3U
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
John Thomas, private, mustered in January 13, 1862;
transferred to Company K, date unknown ; vet-
eran.
William Vought, private, mustered in February 27,
18(54; died September 29,18(34; buried in Lou-
don Park National Cemetery, Baltimore, Md.
Jehu Wallace, private, mustered in March 11, 1862 ;
mustered out with company July 20, 1865; vet-
eran.
John Whallin, private, mustered in March 5, 1862 ;
discharged by Special Order March 15, 1865.
Charles Werrick, private, mustered in March 7, 1862 ;
discharged by General Order June 28, 1865 ; vet-
eran.
Leander D. Williams, private, mustered in November
27, 1861 ; discharged March 18, 1865, expiration
of term.
David M. Woy, private, mustered in February 14,
1862; not on muster-out roll.
David W. Wallace, private, mustered in January 30,
1862 ; not on muster-out roll.
George Washington, private, mustered in February
19, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll.
William Wilfong, private, mustered in March 11,
1862 ; not on muster-out roll.
William C. York, private, mustered in November 14,
1861 ; mustered out with company July 20, 1865 ;
veteran.
James Young, private, mustered in March 4, 1862;
not on muster-out roll.
Company I, Mifflin, Union and Juni-
ata Counties. — Following is a list of Com-
pany I of the One Hundred and Thirteenth :
Edson Gerry, captain, mustered in April 10, 1862,
three years ; promoted to major February 6,
1865.
Thomas Morley, captain, mustered in June 25, 1862,
three years ; promoted from first lieutenant Com-
pany G Februarj' 6, 1865 ; resigned April 25,
1865.
Abraham Lang, first lieutenant, mustered in April
21, 1862, three years; resigned November 5,
1862.
William H. Crawford, first lieutenant, mustered in
April 22, 1862, three years ; discharged on sur-
geon's certificate November 21, 1864.
C. H. Pearson, first lieutenant, three years; promoted
from sergeant to second lieutenant November 6,
1862; to first lieutenant February 3, 1865; re-
signed March 8, 1865.
Albert G. Bonsall, second lieutenant, mustered in
April 21, 1862, three years; discharged Novem-
ber 5, 1862.
Henry G. Bopp, second lieutenant, mustered in Feb-
ruary 28, 1862, three years; promoted from first
sergeant February 3, 1865; mustered out with
company July 20, 1865.
Charles Weber, first sergeant, mustered in March 28,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865 ; veteran.
James H. Jones, first sergeant, mustered in April 8,
1862, three years; discharged April 10, 1865, ex-
piration of term.
Maybury G. Trent, quartermaster-sergeant, mustered
in January 8, 1862, three years ; mustered out
with company July 20, 1865; veteran.
Andrew Furlow, commissary-sergeant, mustered in
March 10, 1862, three years ; mustered out with
company July 20, 1865'; veteran.
Elias Eeubenthal, sergeant, mustered in February 24,
1862, three years; mustered out with comjjany
July 20, 1865; veteran.
James C. Sylvis, sergeant, mustered in March 31,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865 ; veteran.
John C. Volz, sergeant, mustered in March 26, 18(34,
three years ; mustered out with company July
20, 1865 ; veteran.
Julius C. Lander, sergeant, mustered in March 28,
1864, three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
William Pfiesterer, sergeant, mustered in August 8,
1862, three years ; discharged by General Order
June 1, 186.5.
William J. Gray, sergeant, mustered in December 14,
1861, three years; killed November 22, 1864.
Henry E. Gerry, sergeant, mustered in October 31,
1864, one year ; transferred to Company H May
1, 1865.
John Nebele, corporal, mustered in March 28, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July
20, 1865; veteran.
Alfred Crooks, corporal, mustered in March 9, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July
20, 1865.
William Christ, corporal, mustered in December 29,
1864, one year; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865.
Henry Horner, corporal, mustered in December 29,
1864, one year; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865.
Wendal Schwartz, corporal, mustered in October 16,
1864, one year; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865.
Andrew Brown, corporal, mustered in January 23,
1862, three years; discharged February 1, 1865,
expiration of term.
Isaac Printer, corporal, mustered in August 18, 1864,
one year ; discharged by General Order June 1,
1865.
J. A. W. Lawrence, corporal, mustered in October 18,
1864, one year; discharged by General Order
June 28, 1865.
William H. Bowers, corporal, mustered in September
2, 1864, one year; discharged by General Order
June 20, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
315
Andrew J. Watts, corporal, mustered in February 16,
lS(i2, three years; captured; died at Anderson-
ville, Ga., October 11, 1864, grave 10,659.
Albiuus G. Myers, corporal, mustered in March 9,
1864, three years; captured; died at Salisbury,
N. C, January 30, 1865.
Samuel Fettaman, corporal, mustered in February 24,
1862, three years ; transferred to Company H,
Eighteenth Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps,
April 10, 1865 ; discharged by General Order
September 1, 1865 ; veteran.
Edw. Buchmyer, bugler, mustered in April 5, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July 20,
1865.
David Taylor, blacksmith, mustered in March 27, 1862,
three years ; mustered out with company July 20
1865.
Thomas Deihl, farrier, mustered in February 24,
1862, three years ; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865.
Charles Stehl, saddler, mu4ered in March 31, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July 20,
1865. "
Jacob Abele, private, mustered in June 19, 1863,
three years.
Andrew Adolph, private, mustered in October 18,
1864, one year
John Anderson, private, mustered in December 14,
1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
William H. Bates, private, mustered in February 16,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865 ; veteran.
Samuel Bender, private, mustered in August 19, 1863,
three j'ears; mustered out with company July 20,
1865 ; veteran.
Charles Boston, private, mustered in February 15,
1862, three years ; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865 ; veteran.
John Boser, private, mustered in April 16, 1864, three
years; absent, on detaclied service, at muster out.
James Burns, private, mustered in March 1, 1864,
three yeais ; mustered out with company July 20,
1865 ; veteran.
Benjamin J. Beufer, private, mustered in October 4,
1864, one year ; mustered out with company July
20, 1865; veteran.
John Boyle, private, mustered in December 29, 1864,
one year; mustered out with company July 20,
1865; veteran.
Uriah Boston, private, mustered in May 11, 1864,
three years ; transferred to Company D, Forty-
seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Feb-
ruary 25, 1865.
Ephraim Boring, private, mustered in July 20, 1864,
three years; transferred to Company D, Forty-
seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Feb-
ruary 25, 1865.
Thomas Brown, private, mustered in March 16, 1864,
three years; absent at muster out.
Philip Bonce, private, mustered in February 10, 1862,
three years; absent at nmster out.
Charles Brandt, private, mustered in April 4, 1864,
three years.
William A. Brown, private, mustered in December
14, 1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Henry G. Bryan, private, mustered in December 14,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Henry Burnett, private, mustered in January 21,
1862, three years ; not on rau.ster-out roll.
Julius Benning, private, mustered in Februarj' 24,
1862, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Hasting Bessen, private, mustered in April 8, 1862,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Samuel M. Crooks, private, mustered in March 9,
1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865.
William Coble, private, mustered in March 27, 1862,
three years ; absent, on detached service, at mus-
ter out; veteran.
George S. Craighead, private, mustered in December
14, 1861, three years; promoted to hospital stew-
ard, date unknown.
Daniel W. Cash, private, mustered in January 21,
1862, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Antonio Claskie, private, mustered in February 26,
1862, three years ; discharged April 14, 1865, ex-
piration of term'.
William H. Davis, private, mustered in December 9,
1863, three years; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865 ; veteran.
Franklin Dietzler, private, mustered in March 10,
1862, three years; discharged by General Order
dated May 22, 1865.
Adam Donse, private, mustered in April 20, 1864,
three years.
Thos. H. Donohue, private, mustered in January 8,
1862, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
John Dorsey, private, mustered in February 4, 1862,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Marcus Daun, private, mustered in February V),
1862, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
John Dun lap, private, mustered in February 12,
1862, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Charles Elinauger, private, mustered in August 8,
1862, three years; discharged by General Order
June 1, 1865.
James Ewing, private, mustered in October 5, 1864,
one year ; transferred to Company E March 20,
1865.
Peter Eiskin, private, mustered in December 14,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Conrad E:igle, private, mustered in February 4,
1862, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Josiah EUingen, private, mustered in February 25,
1862, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Jacob Frymyer, private, mustered in March 10, 1862,
three years ; discharged April 10, 1865, expi-
ration of term.
316
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Peter Fetterman, private, mustered in February 24,
1862, three years; killed at Charlestown, Va.,
August 21, 1864.
Christian Fisher, private, mustered in March 7, 1862,
three years ; died at Chester, Pa., February 24,
1865 ; veteran.
John Franklin, private, mustered in April 14, 1864,
three years ; absent at muster out.
John Frederick, private, mustered in February 26,
1862, three years ; transferred to Company G,
date unknown ; veteran.
Reuben Fredericks, private, mustered in February
25, 1862, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Henry Feghle, private, mustered in February 24,
1862, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
William Garber, private, mustered in February 10,
1862, three years ; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865; veteran.
Robert S. Grubb, private, mustered in December 28,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865.
Albert Geisse, private, mustered in March 26,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865.
Henry Ginter, private, mustered in March 24, 1864,
three years.
William Grinshaw, private, mustered in February ID,
1862, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Henry C. Grant, private, mustered in February 21,
1862, three years; not on muster-out roll.
James B. Gillean, private, mustered in March 5,
1862, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Franklin Greenling, private, mustered in March 27,
1862, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Samuel R. Hall, private, mustered in March 10, 1862,
three years; mustered out with company July 20,
1865; veteran.
John Hoffman, private, mustered in March 17, 1862,
three years; mastered out with company July 20,
1865; veteran.
Alexander Hensley, private, mustered in April 16,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865.
William Houck, private, mustered in March 10, 1862,
three years; discharged April 10,1865, expiration
of term.
Jacob Hatzell, private, mustered in March 14, 1862,
three years; captured; died at Salisbury, N. C,
February 4, 1865.
Conrad Harmon, private, mustered in March 23,
1864, three years; captured; died at Salisbury,
N. C, date unknown.
Harry Heenan, private, mustered in January 23,
1864, three years; not on muster-out roll.
John Henry, private, mustered in February 10, 1862,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Andrew Houck, private, mustered in February 10,
1862, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Jacob Hatzell, private, mustered in March 11, 1862,
three years ; not on muster-( ut roll.
Frederick Helwig, private, mustered in February 24,
1862, three years; not on muster-out roll.
William S. Johnson, private, mustered in February
20, 1864, three years ; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865 ; veteran.
Charles Jones, private, mustered in March 29, 1864,
three years.
John Jenkins, private, mustered in February 18, 1862 ;
not on muster-out roll.
Charles P. Johnson, private, mustered in February
13, 1862, three years; discharged by General
Order April 20, 1865.
Michael Klotz, private, mustered in October 18, 1864,
one year; mustered out with company July 20,
1865.
Jacob Kiess, private, mustered in October 18. 1864,
one year; mustered out with company July 20,
1865.
David Kalbfell. private, mustered in April 14. 1864,
three years ; discharged by General Order May 29,
1865.
Lswis Kraft, private, mustered in March 31, 1864,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
May 19, 1865.
Henry Kline, private, mustered in October 29, 1864,
one year ; discharged by General Order June 8,
1865.
Henry Klinger, private, mustered in October 6, 1864,
one year ; died at Salisbury, N. C, date un-
known.
John Kunz, private, mustered in March 26, 1864,
three years.
John Kelly, private, mustered in February 19, 1862,
three years; not on muster-out roll.
John Kane, private, mustered in February 15, 1862,
three years; not on muster-out roll.
William Ladlow, private, mustered in August 10,
1863, three years ; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865; veteran. ■
Reuben Leply, private, mustered in October 6, 1864,
one year; mustered out with company July 20,
1865.
William Lucas, private, niu^tered in December 29,
1864, one year; mustered out with company July
20, 1865.
Conrad Lutz, private, mustered in May 16. 1864,
three years ; discharged on surgeon's certificate
May 27, 1865.
George'Lego, private, mustered in February 24, 1862,
three yeais; died at Andersouville, Ga., date un-
known.
Charles Lawton, private, mustered in March 29, 1864,
three years.
Simon Lague, private, mustered in December 14,
1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Thomas Leis, private, mustered in March 15, 1862,
three ye.irs ; not on muster-out roll.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
817
Michael Lutz, private, mustered in October 18, 1864,
one year; not on muster-out roll.
John Montgomery, private, mustered in March 29,
1868, three years ; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865.
William Musick, private, mustered in February 24,
1862, three years; mustered out with company
July 20, 186.5 ; veteran.
William Minich, private, mustered in March 31, 1864,
three years ; absent, on detached service, at
muster out ; veteran.
George M. Measse, private, mustered in October 7,
1864, one year; mustered out with company July
20, 186.3.
Joseph L. Myers, private, mustered in August 22,
1864, one year; discharged by General Order
June 1, 186-5.
Peter Miller, private, mustered in March 31, 1864,
three years; discharged by General Older June
28, 1865.
Armon Myers, priv.ate, mustered in August 22, 1864,
one year ; ti'ansferred to Company D, Forty-
seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers,
February 2.5, 1865.
William Mohler, private, mustered in February 4,
1862, three years; veteran,
Henry Monger, private, mustered in April 1, 1864,
three years.
Samuel Mills, private, mustered in December 14,
1861, three year- ; veteran.
Timothy Malony, private, mustered in March 29,
1864, three years.
Michael N. Myers, private, mustered in December 14,
1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
John Mindell, private, mustered in December 14,
1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
James Maloney, private, mustered in January 23,
1862, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Edw. Morris, private, mustered in February 4, 1862,
three years; not on muster-out roll.
Jesse Major, private, mustered in March 10, 1862,
three years; not on muster-out roll.
William Morrison, private, mustered in ]\tarch 7,
1862, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Benj. F. McCosh, private, mustered iu March 9, 1864,
three years; mustered out with coinpauy July
20, 1865.
AVm. H. McCown, private, mustered in March 26,
1864, three years; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865.
James W. !McCarron, private, mustered in December
14, 1861, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Tho5. McGrath, private, mustered in March 10, 1862,
three years; not on muster-out roll.
Philip O'Neal, private, mustered in February 25,
1862, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Gottlieb Pflingfelder, private, mustered in March 26,
l.'<64, three years; mustered out with company
July 20, I860.
Wm. H. Peck, private, mustered in October 4, 1864,
one year ; mustered out with comi)any July 20,
1865.
Wm. Parlaman, private, mustered in April 1, 1864,
three years.
James Power, private, mustered in January 23, 1862,
three years; not on muster-out roll.
Chas. Pflug, private, mustered in February 25, 1862,
three years; not on muster-out roll.
John Peters, private, mustered in February 24, 1862,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
John Quinn, private, mustered in December 4, 1861,
three years; inustered out with company July 20,
1865; veteran.
Thomas Raw, private, mustered in April 11, 1864,
three years ; absent, sick, at muster out.
Chas. Rittenhouse, private, mustered in April 6, 1864,
three years; mustered out with company July 20,
1865.
Geo. Ragan, private, mustered in October 7, 1864, one
year.
Chas. Roberts, private, mustered in March 3, 1862,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Peter Stewart, private, mustered in March 31, 1864,
three years ; missing in action July 7, 1864.
Jacob Sheritf, private, mustered in March 21, 1862.
three years; mustered out 'with company July
20, 1865 ; veteran.
Louis Struthers, private, mustered in August 9, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July 20.
1865.
William C. Smith, priviite, mustered in January 30,
1862,J;hree years; discharged by General Order
July 13, 1865.
Joseph Shuerlie, private, mustered in August 8, 1862,
three years; discharged by General Order June
1, 18G5.
John Smithgall, private, mustered in February 17.
1862, three years; discharged March 22, ]SG'>,
expiration of term.
Geo. Schoenleber, private, mustered in February 26.
1862, three years ; discharged by General Order
June ], 1865.
John Shay, private, mustered in August 8, 1864, one
year; discharged by General Order June 1, 1865.
Samuel C. Stevens, private, mustered in March 9,
1864, three years; died at Annapolis, Md.,
October 28, 1864.
Michael Schafer, private, mustered in Februarj- 29,
1864, three years ; transferred to Company D.
Forty seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volun-
teers, February 25, 1865.
John Stear, private, mustered in March 23, 1864, three
years.
Edw. Stanton, private, mustered in March 29, 1864.
three years.
John Smith, jirivate, mustered in March 28. 1864,
three years.
William Snyder, private, mustered in March 31, 1S64,
318
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
three years ; transferred to Company C, date un-
known.
George Strien, private, mustered in October 17, 1863,
one year; transferred to Company C, date un-
known.
John C. Suple, private, mustered in January 8, 1862,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
John F. Sprague, private, mustered in February 20,
1862, three years; died December 18, 186ii;
buried in National Cemetery, Richmond, Va.,
section C, division 1, grave 170.
H. B. Schroeder, private, mustered in February 28,
1862, three years; not on muster-out roll.
X. Sosenheimer, private, mustered in March 6, 1862,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Samuel Sehmann, private, mustered in February 25,
1862, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Michael Schaefter, private, mustered in February 24,
1862, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Edward Schalle, private, mustered in February 2-1,
1862, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Cornelius B. Troup, private, mustered in August 23,
1864, one year ; discharged by General Order
June 1, 1865.
Benjamin Trautman, private, mustered in February
24, 1832, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
John Vallany, private, mustered in March 11, 1864,
three years; mustered out with company July
20, 1865.
Edw. Wall, private, mustered in February 10, 1862,
three years ; mustered out with company July 20,
1865; veteran.
George Wagner, private, mustered in April 11, 1864,
three years ; mustered out with company July 20,
1865.
William Wagner, private, mustered in February 24,
1862, three years; mustered out with company
July 20, 1865 ; veteran.
George Wiltermuth, private, mustered in April 11,
1864, three years ; discharged on surgeon's cer-
tificate, date unknown.
John Weiser, private, mustered in February 24, 1862,
three years ; discharged April 10, 1865, expira-
tion of term.
Augustus Winter, private, mustered in November 11,
1864, one year.
Alfred Wolland, private, mustered in December 14,
1861, three years; not on muster-out roll.
George W. Welch, private, mustered in February 15,
1862, three years ; died November 14, 1862 ;
buried at Camp Parole Hospital Cemetery, An-
napolis, Md.
Frederick Wallcnsteil, private, mustered in Jlarch
10, 1862, three years; not on muster-out roll.
Thomas Werllwick, private, mustered in March 13,
1862, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
William Williams, private, mustered in February 29,
1862, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Frederick Wenter, private, mustered in March 13,
1862, three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Jacob Wagner, private, mustered in March 18, 1862,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
Antoine Zehl, private, mustered in January 23, 1864,
three years ; not on muster-out roll.
ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-.SIXTH REGI-
MENT.
The One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regi-
ment (nine months' service) was rai.sed in
tiie latter part of July and first part of Au-
gust, 1802, and rendezvoused at Camp Curtiii
prior to the 10th of the latter month, when -the
regiment was organized, under command of
Colonel James G. Elder. Two of the com-
panies— viz. : F, Captain John P. Wharton,
and I, Captain Amos H. Martin — were mude up
of Juniata County men.
The regiment moved to the front on the 15th
of August, and proceeded to Washington, and
thence across the Potomac into Virginia, where
it was encamped for a time at Cloud's Mills,
and assigned to General Tyler's (First) brigade
of Humphrey's (Third) division of the Filth
Array Corps, under General Fitz John Porter.
It remained in the works south of the Potomac
until September 12th, when it cros.sed to the
north side of the river, and on the 14th com-
menced the march northward into Maryland
to meet the invading Confederate army under
General Lee. On the 16th it reached Monoc-
acy, and remained there until the afternoon of
the 17th, when it moved towards Antietam
Creek, but did not reach the battle-ground until
the great conflict had ended. After the battle
the regiment was encamped for a time at
Sharpsburg, Md., whence, crossing the Poto-
mac at Berlin, it moved to Warrenton, Va.,
and from there to a camp at Falmouth, on the
Rappahannock.
In the great battle of Frtderick.sburg, flic
regiment, with its brigade, crossed the river on
the 13th of December, and passing throujih
the town, lay under a heav}' fire until nearly
night, when it was ordered in, and in the
furious charge M'hich it then made on the
enemy's line, sheltered behind a .stone wall,
its loss was seventy-seven killed and wounded —
among the latter being Captain Wharton, of the
THE WAK FOR THE UNION.
319
Jiiniiita conipany (F). In the early morning
oftlie lOtli of December the regiment returned
to the north side of tlie Rappahannock, and
went into winter-quarters.
On the opening of the spring campaign of
1803, by the new commander of the army.
General Hooker, the regiment broke camp on
tlie 27th of April, and, moving with its corps
across the fords of the Rappahannock and
Rapidan, reached the field of Chaucellorsville
on the 1st of May. Some manoeuvring was
done in the afternoon of the 1st, and on the
following day the regiment, with the rest of
Tyler's brigade, took position on the heights
near the Rappahannock, and remained there
through the evening and night, while the Con-
federates were making their terrific charges on
the part of the line held by the Eleventh
Corps. On the following day (Sunday, May
3d) it was moved towards the right, on the road
leading to Ely's Ford, where the brigade soon
after received the furious assault of a greatly
superior force of the enemy charging in double
line. Against this assault the regiment held
its position with heroic valor until the last of
its ammunition had been expended, when it was
compelled to yield the ground and retire, with
a loss of fifty-eight killed and wounded, and
eleven taken prisoners. After this repulse the
regiment was posted in support of batteries,
and afterwards remained inactive during the
remainder of the battle, which was its last
engagement, as its term of enlistment expired
five days later. On the 6th of May, at daylight,
it recrossed the Rappahannock, and returned to
camp, whence, about the 12th of May, it moved
northward, and was nuistered out of service at
Harrisburg on the 20th.
Rolls of the two Juniata County companies
of the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth are
here given.
Company F, Juniata CorxxY. — The fol-
lowing served in Company F of the One
Hundred and Twenty-sixth :
John P. Wharton, captain, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem-
ber 13, 1862 ; mustered out witli comiiany May
20, 1863.
R. P. McWilliatns, tirat lieutenant, mustered in Aug-
ust 15, 1862 ; mustered out with company May
20, 1863.
James C. Bonsall, second lieutenant, mustered in
August 15, 1862; mustered out witli company
May 20, 1863.
Banks W. Sharon, first sergeant, mustered in Aug-
ust 9, 1862 j mustered out with company May 20,
1863.
John W. Phillips, sergeant, mustered in August 0,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
William B. Roush, sergeant, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out witli company May 20, 1863.
M. S. Littlefield, sergeant, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Josiah M. Bowers, sergeant, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; promoted from corporal Septembers, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Frank Mayne or Frances D.iy, sergeant, mustered
in August 9, 1862 ; deserted August 24, 1862 ;
subsequently killed in battle.'
George Miller, corporal, mustered in August 9, 1862;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Sol. B. Kautfman, corporal, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Lemuel Warner, corporal, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem-
ber 13, 1862 ; mustered out with company May
20, 1863.
Isaac R. Walton, corporal, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
William W. Mitchell, corporal, mustered in August
9, 1862 ; mustered out with cumjjany May 20,
1863.
^X melancholy but ronianlic incident which occurred at
this time is thus related by Judge Rowe, in his " Sketch of
the Regiment : " " Before we follow the regiment from
Washington, a bit of romance connected witli its liistory is
to be chronicled: William Fit/.patrick enlisted in Company
l' from Juniata County, and went to the war with the One
Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment. In a short time
he fell ill, and on the 24th of August, 18152, whilst the
regiment lay at Cloud's Mills, he died in the hospital at
Alexandi'ia. On the day he died Frank Mavne, a sergeant
of Company F. unaccountably deserted. When he enlisted
he was a stranger to all the men of that company, but in a
few days he had so ingratiated himself with his comrades
and officers as to be promoted to sergeant. He was not
heard of any more while the regiment remained in service ;
but long after, in the far West, a soldier, wounded badly in
a great buttle, was discovered to be b'rances Day, who told
how she had followed Fitzpalrick in the army and became
lierself a soldier and a sergeant in the One Hundred and
Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers : of her desertion
upon her lover's death, and the abandon and despair wliich
led her again to seek the ranks of the army. To verify her
story, letters were written to the officers of Company F, at
Mifflintown, and llius the mystery of tlie sergeant's deser-
tion was dispelled.'
320
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Theodore Burchfield, corporal, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; promoted to corporal September 6, 1862 ;
wounded at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863 ; mus-
tered out with company May 20, 1863.
Henry C. Unholtz, corporal, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; promoted to corporal December 31, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Adam J. Greer, corporal, mustered in August 9, 1862;
discharged on surgeon's certificate December 24,
1862.
Cloyd Kreider, musician, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Jacob Anderson, private, mustered in August 9, 1862;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
John Adams, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
George Anderson, private, mustered in August 9,
1862.
Samuel Bonsall, private, mustered in August 9, 1802;
wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Enos Bolton, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
John E. Blackford, private, mustered in August 9,
1802 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Martin Beaver, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Jeremiah Bruner, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 186?.
John C. Cline, private, mustered in August 9, 1862;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
R. M. J. Coder, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Samuel Calhoun, private, mustered in August 9,1862;
wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate March
29, 1863.
Samuel Clay, private, mustered in August 9, 1862;
discharged on surgeon's certificate March 2,
1863.
Lorenzo D. Civils, private, mustered in August 9,
1862.
George Dunn, private, mustered in August 9,1862;
wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December
12, 1862; mustered out with company May 20,
1863.
William Deam, private, mustered in August 9, 1862;
discharged on .surgeon's certificate December 13,
1862.
Jeremiah Dressier, private, mustered in August 9,
1862.
John C. Ebbert, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
prisoner from May 3 to May 19, 1863 ; mustered
out with company May 20, 1863.
Lemuel Ellis, private, mustered in August 9, 1862;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
David Fink, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Britton A. Fasic, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Pouter Fink, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
prisoner from November 18, 1862, to February
26, 1863 ; mustered out with company May 20,
1863.
William Fitzpatrick, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; died at Washington, D. C, August 24,
1862; burial record August 28, 1862; buried in
Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C.
William Givler, private, musterrd in August 9, 1862;
missing in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3,
1863.
Michael Garver, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Jefferson J. A. Guss, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Febru-
ary 7, 1863.
Nathaniel Hood, private, mustered in August 9, 1862;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
William Heikes, private, mustered in August 9, 1862;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Mortier S. Hench, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem-
ber 13, 1862 ; mustered out with company May
20, 1863.
N. S. Hinkle, private, mustered in August 9,1862;
wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Samuel Hack, private, mustered in August 9, 1862;
discharged on surgeon's certificate March 2,
1863.
Franklin P. Kirk, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1803.
Robert A. Laird, private, mustered in August 29,
1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem-
ber 13, 1862 ; mustered out with company May
20, 1863.
William C. Logan, private, mustered in August 9,
1862; mustered out with company May 20, 1868.
George H. Laughlin, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
James R. Louder, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Jacob E. Longacre, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3,
1863 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out.
Orin Logue, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Samuel W. Mathers, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Benjamin R. Mitchell, private, mustered in August
9, 1862; absent, sick, at muster out.
William B. Maxwell, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
William B. Moore, private, mustered in August 9,
1862; discharged on surgeon's certificate Febru-
ary 12, 1863.
TIIP] WAR FOR THE UNION.
321
William H. Myers, private, mustered in August 9,
1S()2; discharged on surgeon's certificate Febru-
ary 7, 1863.
Theodore Miller, private, mustered in August 9,
181)2 ; killed ul Fredericksburg, Va., December
13, 1862.
Samuel A. G. Mathers, private, mustered in August
9, 1862.
Jesse Mathers, private, mustered in August 9, 1862.
Wilber McCahau, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
William B. McKnight, private, mustered in August
9, 1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Oc-
tober 9, 1862.
.lohn Peck, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ; mus-
tered out with company May 20, 1863.
David Quay, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Samuel Row, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
mustered out with company Jlay 20, 1863.
Daniel Ramp, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
John Sproul, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Columbus Sarvis, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
David E. Swonger, private, mustered in August 9,
1862; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Jesse L. Shultz, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ;
absent, in hospital, at muster out.
Jonathan Stayner, private, mustered in August 9,
1862; mustered out with company May 20, 1863-
Isaac Scyoc, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 >
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
William J. Smith, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Decem-
ber 23, 1862.
Jacob Stine, priv.ate, mustered in August 9, 1862;
died at Acquia Lauding, Va., January 19, 1863.
George W. Stoner, private, mustered in .August 9,
1862; died at Stoneman's Switch, Va., January
24, 1863.
James L. Trutton, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; wounded at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Adam H. Weidman, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Elmer Weildman, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Samuel H. Witmer, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3,
1863 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Jesse W. Warner, private, mustered in .August 9,
1862; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
William W. Woods, private, mustered in August 9,
1862; mustered out with company Jlay 20, 1863.
Samuel E. Weisner, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; mustered out with company Mav 20, 1863.
21
Jerome Weisner, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3,
1863 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out.
James A. Williams, private, mustered in August 9,
1862; mustered out with company Jlay 20, 1863.
C. H. Williamson, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Febru-
ary 7, 1863.
James Wildman, private, mustered in August 9,
1862; discharged on surgeon's certificate Decem-
ber 31, 1862.
Samuel Winegardner, private, mustered in August 9,
1862 ; died at Stoneman's Switch, Va., January,
1863.
Josiah Webb, private, mustered in August 9, 1862.
Harrison Winters, private, mustered in August 9,
1862.
John Yocum, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Henry Yocum, private, mustered in August 9, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Company I, Juniata County. — The follow-
ing served in Company I of the One Hundred
and Twenty-sixth Regiment :
Amos H. Martin, captain, mustered in August 15,
1862; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Wm. W. Davis, first lieutenant, mustered in August
15, 1862 ; mustered out with company May 20,
1863.
Lewis Degen, second lieutenant, mustered in August
15. 1862 ; mustered out with company May 20,
1863.
William Littlefield, first sergeant, mustered in August
13,1862; mustered out with company May 20,
1863.
J. Wesley Reynolds, sergeant, mustered in August
13, 1862; mustered out with company May 20,
1863.
Cornelius McClelland, sergeant, mustered in August
13, 18()2; promoted from private August 18,
1862 ; mustered out with companj' May 20,
1863.
L. W. Dunn, Jr., sergeant, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; promoted from corporal January 17, 1863;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Geo. Goshen, sergeant, mustered in August 13, 1862;
discharged on surgeon's certificate January 14,
1863.
James M. Sharon, sergeant, mustered in August 13,
1862; discharged on surgeon's certificate Febru-
ary 27, 1863.
Wm. M. Allison, sergeant, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; promoted to quartermaster-sergeant August
18, 1862.
John N. Banks, corporal, mustered in August 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 20.
1863.
322
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA,
John P. McWilliams, corporal, mustered in August
13, 1862 ; mustered out with company May 20,
1863.
Jolin H. Sharon, corporal, mustered in August 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Alanson D. Wood, corporal, mustered in August
13, 1862; mustered out with company May 20,
1863.
Cloyd Parker, corporal, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
promoted to corporal December 11, 1862 ; mus-
tered out with company May 20, 1863.
James D. Aekley, corporal, mustered in August 13,
1862; promoted to corporal January 17, 1863;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
John H. Wright, corporal, mustered in August 13,
1862; discharged on surgeon's certificate Febru-
ary 7, 1863.
Calvin B. Harris, corporal, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; died at Acquia Creek, Va., January 18,
1863.
Banks B. Logan, musician, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Wesley Andrews, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Frederick D. Berg, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
H. M. Brennisholtz, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
A. Baumgardner, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
David Barnard, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered' out with company May 20, 1863.
Jacob H. Butt, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
William Biddle, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company Blay 20, 1863.
Cornelius Barkley, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3,
1863 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Thomas Bathgate, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Stewart T. Brackbill, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; discharged on surgeon's certificate October
25, 1862.
Simon Basam, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
discharged on surgeon's certificate January 13,
1863.
William Bistline, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate January
13, 1863.
Ephraim Bell, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863.
John L. Caveny, private, mustered in Augu-t 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Thomas B. Coder, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
0. J. Chamberlain, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Thomas N. Carruthers, private, mustered in August
13, 1862 ; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May
3, 1863 ; mustered out with company May 20,
1863.
Joseph Curwin, private, mustered in August 13,1862;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Philip J. Cof'e, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
John Callins, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
discharged on surgeon's certificate September 24,
1862.
John Chappie, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
discharged on surgeon's certificate January 13,
1863.
William Chestnut, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate January
14, 1863.
L. W. Dunn, Sr., private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Simon Etke, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Adolph Engler, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
John Fletcher, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Alanson H. Faisie, private, mustered in August 13,
1S62; prisoner from May 3 to May 19, 1863;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Robert Forsyth, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
William H. Groninger, private, mustered in August
13, 1862 ; mustered out with company May 20,
1863.
David Gross, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Lewis J. Givler, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863
William Geedy, private, mustered in August 13, 1862
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
George Geedy, private, mustered in August 13, 1862
wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Amos Heaps, private, mustered in August 13, 1862
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Levi Hatfield, private, mustered in August 13, 1862
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
William Hawk, private, mustered in August 13, 1862
wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863
mustered out with comijany May 20, 1863.
John Henry, private, mustered in August 13, 1862
wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Isaac H. Kerchner, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Morgan Kauffman, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Wash. Kline, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
323
John N. Kennedy, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 18(33.
Jolin VV. Kirk, private, mustered in August 13, 18()2;
mustered out with company May 20, 1803.
Wm. Kallwriter, private, mustered in August 13,
1802; disLjharged on surgeon's certificate April 3,
1803.
Tliomas Leonard, private, mustered in August 13,
1802 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1803.
William T. Myers, private, mustered in August 13,
1802 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1803.
George W. Myers, private, mustered in August 13,
1802 ; nmstered out with company May 20, 1803.
Amos Mosser, private, mustered in August 13, 1802;
mustered out with company May 20, 1803.
Wm. Henry Moore, private, mustered in August 13,
1802 ; wounded at Cliancellorsville, Va., May 3,
1803 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Joseph Martin, private, mustered in August 13, 1802;
nmstered out with company May 20, 1803.
Jacob R. Jlartin, private, mustered in August 13,
1802 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1803.
William MeCahern, private, mustered in August 13,
1802 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1803.
Alfred McGonigli, private, mustered in August 13,
1802; discharged on surgeon's certificate Decem-
ber 23, 1802.
John O'Neal, private, mustered in August 13, 1802 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Joseph O'Neal, private, mustered in August 13, 1802;
mustered out witli company May 20, 1863.
M. Pannebacker, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
D. Pannebacker, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
William Patton, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
died May 5th, of wounds received at Chancellors-
ville, Va., May 3, 1863.
William Rowe, private, mustered in August 13, 1802 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1803.
William L. Robinson, private, mustered in August 13,
1802 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1803.
Joseph B. Roth, i)rivate, mustered in August 13, 1862;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
George Rowe, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
William V. Shirk, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Joseph W. Stimmel, private, mustered in August 13,
1802 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Elias Shirley, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1803.
Daniel Stine, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1803.
Corbet D. Singer, private, mustered in August 13,
1802 ; nmstered out with company May 20, 1803.
David P. Showers, private, mustered in August 13,
1802 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1803.
Allen Saylor, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Wellington Smith, private, mustered in August 13,
1802 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
Matthias Stump, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863;
absent, in hospital, at muster out.
Michael M. Showers, jjrivate, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 20, 1863.
William J. Shirk, private, mustered in August 13,
1802; discharged on surgeon's certificate Decem-
ber 29, 1802.
Thomas Vanammon, private, mustered in August 13,
1802; discharged on surgeon's certificate March
28, 1803.
Samuel Wise, private, mustered in August 13, 1802 ;
discharged on surgeon's certificate Febriuiry 2.5,
1803.
Kepner Wharton, private, mustered in August 13,
1802 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate March
27, 1803.
Henry Wallace, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
died at Sharpsburg, Md., October 23, 1862.
George Walls, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1803.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-FIE.ST REGI-
MENT.
The One Hundred and Thirty-first
Regiment (nine month.s') contained one com-
pany (A) raised in Union County, one com-
pany (G) of Snyder County men, and three
companies (D, H and K) that were recruited
in Mifflin County. The field officers of the
regiment were Colonel Peter Allabach, Lieu-
tenant-Colonel William B. Shaut and Major
Robert W. Patton, who had already done duty
in the field as a lieutenant in the famed " Logan
Guard," of Lewistown. Captain Joseph S.
Waream, of Company K, had also been a ser-
geant in the Logan Guards, and David B.
Weber, second lieutenant of Company K, was
a private of the Logans. The regiment was
formed in the summer of 1862; was mustered
into the service in August of that year, and on
the 15th of that month left the State, and
proceeded to Virginia, where it remained in
the vicinity of Fairfax Seminary, engaged
principally in picket duty, until the fii"st inva-
sion of Maryland by the Confederate army,
when it was moved across the Potomac, and
thence northward, with the division of General
Humphreys, to ilouocacy, Md., whei*e it was
324
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
encamped until the morning of the 18th of
September, when it moved by a forced march
to Antietam Creek, but was on the ground too
late to take part in the great battle that had
been fought there. After this it went into
camp at Sharpsburg, Md., where, and in which
vicinity, it remained, employed in the duty of
picketing along the shores of the Potomac,
until about the close of October, wheu it
crossed the river into A^irginia, and moved by
an indirect route to a camp at Potomac Creek,
near Falmouth, on the Rappahannock, where
preparations were going forward for the desper-
ate assault of the Confederate jjosition in the
rear of Fredericksburg, on the south side of
the stream. In that fierce struggle the regi-
ment moved across the river on the 13th of
December, and, passing through the town, at
once went into line of battle. A few minutes
later it moved forward in a charge against the
enemy's line, which lay behind a stone wall on
Marye's Heights. The cliarge failed, but the
regiment remained close in front of the hostile
line, and receiving the enemy's fire for about
an hour and a half, losing in that time one
hundred and fifty-three killed and wounded
and twenty-four missing. Among the wounded
were Captains David A. McManigal, of Com-
pany D, Charles B. Davis, of G, and Joseph
S. Waream, of K, and Lieutenants D. D.
Mutthersbough, of D, and Grant T. Waters,
of Company K.
In the night of the 15th of December the
regiment left Fredericksburg, recrossed the
Rappahannock and re-occupied the old camp
near Potomac Creek, where it went into winter-
quarters. About February 1st it moved to a
new camp, named Camp Humphreys, where it
remained during the remainder of the winter.
At the opening of the spring campaign under
General Hooker, the brigade, under command
of Major Patton, broke camp on the 28th of
April, and, crossing the Rappahannock, marched
to Chancellorsville, arriving on the ground on
the 1st of May. On the same day it was posted
on the left of the line towards the river, where
it was employed in fortifying during the follow-
ing day and night. In the heavy battle of the
3d it was posted early in the morning support-
ing batteries, in which duty it remained (under
a heavy and continuous fire) for four hours.
It was then posted in rifle-pits in support of
General Sykes' division, and so remained until
the close of the conflict. On the night of the
5th of May it moved to United States Ford,
where it remained many hours assisting the
crossing of troops, artillery and trains to the
north side of the river. When all were across
the regiment followed, and marched back to
its old " Camp Humphreys." Its fighting was
over. In ten days more its term of enlistment
expired, and it was ordered to Harrisburg, Pa.,
where, at Camp Curtin, it was mustered out of
service on the 23d of May, 1863.
Following are given rolls of the companies
of Union, Mifilin and Snyder County men in
the One Hundred and Thirty-first.
Company A, Union County. — The fol
lowing served in Company A of the One Hun
dred and Thirty-first :
Captains.
Jacob Moyer. Joseph R. Orwig.
First Lieutenant.
Joseph William Kepler.
Second Lieutenant. .■
William Fichthorn.
Albert Barnes. Forster Halfpenny.
Isaac Treat. Josiah Shriner.
Henry Eothermal.
Corporals.
George W. Fiester. Charles Worman.
Jacob Hower. Harrison Hafer.
Samuel S. Smith. William H. Weirick.
Joel Kline. Henry Phillips.
Nathaniel W. Strahan.
Musician.
James Forrest.
Privates.
William Henry Aikey, Sturger Charles.
killed at Fredericks- Peter Collins.
burg, Va., December Washington Cornelius.
13, 1862. William Crisswell.
William Burkholder. Phares Dennis.
Lewis Burkholder. Peter Devine.
H. Burkenstock. Henry Calvin Diehl.
Henry Brant. William Dollard.
Absalom Baldwin. William Dresher.
Isaac Brosius. John Uhl Fiester.
William Bordner. Martin Foltz.
William Cauliflower. Andrew Foster.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
326
John W. Glover.
G. Samuel Grove.
David Hanselmau.
John Harris.
Elias Hartley.
James C. Hayes.
William G. Henry.
George Huff.
John Huff.
Jesse Hultsizer, died at
Washington, D. C,
November 10, 1862.
Joseph Katherman.
Isaiah Katherman.
Charles Kline.
George Kline.
Henry Charles Kline.
Samuel H. Laird.
George W. Lashells, kill-
erl at Fredericksburg,
Va.. December 13, 1862.
David Lenhart.
Emanuel Leib.
Geiirge Ludwig.
Archibald McPherson.
John Markle.
Archibald Maxwell.
Daniel B. Meyers.
Harry Miller.
George W. Moyer.
Len'is Newman.
John Rarer.
G. Thompson Reed.
John Reed.
Christian Richards.
James A. Rorabaugh.
William Rossman.
Joseph Rote.
George L. Sanders.
Peter Schnee.
Thomas L. Schuck.
Milton Shaffer.
Samuel Showalter.
Sylvester Smith.
William A. Snyder.
William W. Snyder.
Emanuel Snyder, killed
at Fredericksburg, Va.,
December 13, ls62.
Henry C. Solomon.
Jeremiah Sommers.
Oliver Sommers.
Henry George Stees, kill-
ed at Fredericksburg,
Va., December 13, 1862.
John Swartz.
William A. Taylor.
William Wertz.
Frank Wilson.
J. A. Winegarden.
Charles Wise.
M. Calvin Zechman.
Company D, Mifflin County.— The fol-
lowing served in Company D of the One Hun-
dred and Tliirty-first :
David A. McManigal, captain, mustered in August
18,1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., De-
cember 13, 1S62; mustered out with company
May 23, 1863.
David B. Wilson, first lieutenant, mustered in August
18, 1862; commissioned captain May 8, 1863; not
mustered ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
D. D. Mutthersbough, second lieutenant, mustered in
August 18, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg,
Va., December 13, 1862; mustered out with com-
pany May 23, 1863.
James W. Couch, first sergeant, mustered in August
12,1862; promoted from sergeant November o, 1862;
wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
J. N. Hackenburg, first sergeant, mustered in August
12, 1862 ; died at Frederick, Md., November 5,
1862; buried in National Cemetery, Antietam,
section 26, lot E, grave 471.
William A. Troxelj, sergeant, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Roland Thomjison, sergeant, mustered in August
12, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Homer Benedict, sergeant, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out with comjiany May 23, 1863.
Henry McLaughlin, sergeant, mustered in August
12, 1862; mustered out with coni|)any May 23,
1863.
George W. Smithers, corjioral, mustered in August
12, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
David Sterrett, corjjoral, mustered in August
12, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Samuel Haffley, corporal, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Samuel M. Brown, corporal, mustered in August
12, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
,Tose])h T. Rothrock, corporal, mustered in August
12, 1862; mustered out with comiiany May 23.
1863.
Adam R. Weidman, corporal, mustered in August
12, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Levi A. Mentzer, corporal, mustered in August
12, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Roswell S. Parker, corporal, mustered in August 12,
1862; promoted to sergeant-major August 23,
1862.
Harrison J. Miller, corporal, mustered in August 12,
1862; died at Frederick, Md., November IS,
1862.
Samuel E. Long, musician, mustered in August
12, 1862 ; mustered out with company Jlay 23,
1863.
Franklin W. Smith, musician, mustered in August
17, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Henry Arnold, private, mustered in August 12, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John T. Arnold, private, mustered in August
12, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Wm. F. Alexander, jirivate, mustered in August 12.
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23.
1863.
Eliph's Alexander, private, mustered in August 12.
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23.
1863.
Wni. B. Alexander, private, mustered in August 12.
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23.
1863.
Wm. R. Anderson, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Ambrose M. Aults, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; promoted to sergeant-major January 10,
1863.
326
JUNIMA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Wm. E. Bell, private, mustered in August 12, 1862
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Wm. J. Barger, private, mustered in August 12
1862; mustered out with company May 23
1863.
Wm. Benny, private, mustered in August 12, 1862
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Harvey A. Bratton, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out with company May 23
1863.
James Beaver, private, mustered in August 12, 1862
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
James H. Brower, private, mustered in August 12
1862 ; died March 29, 1863.
Josiah H. Conley, private, mustered in August 12
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23
1863.
Martin Conley, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
James F. Castner, private, mustered in August 12
1862; mustered out with company May 23
1863.
John A. Crissman, private, mustered in August 12
1862 ; mustered out with companv May 23
1863.
George Davis, private, mustered in August 12, 1862
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Daniel Dill, private, mustered in August 12, 1862
died January 17, 1863.
George K. Dippery, private, mustered in August 12
1862; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December
13, 1862.
Abram Files, private, mustered in August 12, 1862
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Ebeiiezer R. Ford, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December
18, 1862.
Saml. M. Greer, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
John M. Galbraith, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with companv May 23,
1863.
James Guthrie, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out with companv May 23,
1863.
Miles P. Guiher, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; died January 19, 1863.
Henry C. Hoftman, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with companv May 23,
1863.
John E. Hesser, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
John Hook, private, mustered in August 12, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Levi Hook, private, mustered in August 12, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Daniel Hardy, private, mustered in August 12, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John B. Hummel, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Febru-
ary 7, 1863.
James I. Hacket, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate April
6, 1863.
William C. Heister, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December
13, 1862.
Charles E. Kyle, private, mustered in August 12, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
David S. Kemp, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Jacob A. Koflman, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Abram Kishler, private, mustered in August 12, 1862;
died April 1, 1863.
John S. Long, private, mustered in August 12, 18(i2;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Samuel G. Longwell, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
David E. Latchford, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Joseph P. Landis, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1N63.
Isaac M. Lenthurst, private, nuistered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 18()3.
E. H. Montgomery, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Allen P. Mitchell, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William A. Mitchell, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
George D. Mitchell, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Henry T. Mitchell, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William E. Moran, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Albert L. Magill, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out wiih company May 23, 1863.
Charles Marks, private, mustered in August 12, 1862 ;
discharged on surgeon's certificate March 25,
1863.
Edward P. Mertz, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December
13, 1862.
Mahlon McKlips, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
George E. Orr, private, mustered in August 12, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John W. Ort, private, mustered in August 12, 1862;
killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862.
Alvin B. Parker, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Jacob Price, private, mustered in August 12, 18()2;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
327
Allison Price, private, mustered in August 12, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Augustus H. Peters, i)rivate, mustered in August 12,
18(i2; absent, in hospital, at muster out.
George H. Pratt, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
James B. Ross, private, mustered in August 12, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William Rigle, private, mustered in August 12, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Jacob A. Rohrer, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; nuistered out with company May 23, 1863.
Noah A. Roamig, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
H. H. Renninger, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John W. Riden, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; discharged on surgeon's certificate October
27, 1862.
David Robenald, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; died February 23, 1863.
Hiram Smith, private, mustered in August 12, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
David Stinberger, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; wounded ; mustered out with company May
23, 1863.
James W. Smith, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John M. Stine, private, mustered in August 12, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23,. 1863.
George W. Stroup, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
George W. Stahl, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; nuistered out with company May 23, 1863.
David Shank, private, nuistered in August 12, 1862;
discharged on surgeon's certificate, date un-
known.
Joseph H. Smith, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December
13, 1862.
Joseph H. Wagoner, private, mustered in August 12,
1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem-
ber 13, 1862; nuistered out with company May
23, 1863.
William Walters, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William P. Witherow, private, mustered in August
12, 1862 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
George W. Wilson, private, mustered in August 12,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Company G, Snyder County — The fol-
lowiog served in Company G of the One Hun-
dred and Thirty-first :
Charles B. Davis, captain, mustered in August 14,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
James M. Wood, first lieutenant, mnetered in August
14, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
George W. Jack, second lieutenant, mustered in Au-
gust 14, 1862 ; mustered out with company May
23, 1863.
Talma F. Averill, first sergeant, mustered in August
13, 1862 ; prisoner from May 5 to May 22, 1863 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William Russell, sergeant, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Philip Hoffman, sergeant, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Alfred Bradley, sergeant, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; promoted from corporal December 10,
1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
David R. Keaster, sergeant, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; promoted from private December 10, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
George W. Rathmell, corporal, mustered in August
13, 1862 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Josiah Hayes, corporal, mustered in August 18, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Thomas Eagins, corporal, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
J. F. Espenschade, corporal, mustered in August
13, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
William R. Logan, corporal, mustered in August
13, 1862 ; promoted to corporal December 10,
1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Thomas O. Harris, corporal, mustered in August
13, 1862 ; promoted to corporal December 13,
18(>2 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Frank Welshance, corporal, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; promoted to corporal January 28, 1863 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Joseph T. Long, corporal, mustered in Augu.st 13,
1862 ; promoted to corporal April 14, 1863 ; mus-
tered out with company May 23, 1863.
James Hoffman, corporal, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate April
14, 1863.
John Meyer, corporal, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13,
1862.
George W. Vernon, corporal, mustered in August 13,
1862.
Robert Apkor, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
prisoner from May 5 to May 22. 1863 ; mustered
out with company May 23, 1863.
328
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Franklin Brewer, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
James Boyd, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William Ball, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Frederick Burkhart, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
David Belford, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Ellis Betts, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Jesse Bender, i)rivate, mustered in August 16, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Abraham Bustler, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; died at Washington, D. C, January 24,
1863 ; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery.
Adolph Bush, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
died at Washington, D. C, December 29, 1862 ;
buried in Military Asylum Cemetery.
Ellis Bennett, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
died at Washington, D. C, January 2, 1863.
Jacob F. Bender, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; died at Washington, D. C, February 20,
1863.
Jackson E. Beegle, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; died at Washington, D. C, December 10,
1862.
Asher D. Bennett, private, mustered in August 13,
1862.
Alfred Campbell, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Samuel Covert, private, mustered in August 16, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 18G3.
Josejih Crawford, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December
13, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Charles P. Crawford, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John F. Cook, private, mustered in August 16, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Charles Donuell, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; prisoner from May 5 to May 22, 1863;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Albert Duel, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Joseph Divers, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862.
William H. Ferron, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mu-itered out with company May 23, 1863.
David R. Foust, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John A. Fiser, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
George J. Garmau, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Solomon Gottschall, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Charles Gottschall, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Edw. Gross, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
David D. Griffith, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1S63.
John Gray, private, mustered in August 16, 1862 ;
prisoner from May 5 to May 22, 1863 ; mustered
out with company May 23, 1863.
John H. Heivly, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John F. HoflTmau, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Jefferson Huett, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John M. Henry, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; died January 5, 1863.
Stephen Jackson, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
George F. Jackson, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Albert Kantner, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
discharged on surgeon's certificate January 22,
1863.
Robert D. Kelton, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate January
29, 1863.
Wm. Lehman, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Adam Lentz, private, mustered in August 13,1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Wm. Lentz, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Franklin Lafo, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John Levan, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
David R. Laylon, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Simon Lilly, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
James H. Laylon, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John Longan, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Thomas March, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Robert R. Miller, private, mustered in August 13.
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Daniel Moyer, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
David Mann, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
.fohn H. Miller, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
329
Alva R. Neyhart, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1S()3.
Artemus Neyliart, private, mustered in August 13,
lS<i2; mustered out witii company May 23, 181)3.
Jolin Oliver, private, mustered in August 13, 18()2 ;
accidentally wounded August 28, 1862; mustered
out with company May 23, 1863.
Tyrus Page, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
died at Alexandria, Va., July 5, 1863, grave 877.
Jo-<eph Piatt, private, mustered in August 13, 1862 ;
discharged on surgeon's certificate November 24,
1862.
P. G. Renninger, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John D. Rush, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
prisoner from May 5 to May 22, 1863; mustered
out with company May 23, 1863.
George W. Reader, private, mustered in August 16,
1862 ; prisoner from May 5 to May 22, 1863 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Pharon Shaffer, private, mustered in August 16, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William Sweely, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
George R. Saybolt, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Henry B. Sweet, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Henry Stachl, private, mustered in August 16, 1862 ;
discharged on surgeon's certificate April 16,
1863.
Jolin H. Sarvey, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December
13, 1862.
Samuel Stonecypher, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; died at Washington, D. C, January 2,
1863 ; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery.
Bird C. Thomas, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Benj. F. Tanner, private, mustered in August 13,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate April
16, 1863.
Fi'ederick Warren, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Charles W. Willits, private, nuistered in Augu.st 13,
1862; mustered out with com])any May 23, 1863.
Enos G. Wolfs, ])rivate, mustered in August 13, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Henry R. Welshans, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John Waldren, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
James Walters, i>rivate, mustered in August 13, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Thomas Wolf, private, mustered in August 13, 1862;
wounded and missing at Fredericksburg, Va.,
December 13, 1862.
A. P. Youngman, private, mustered in August 13,
1862; prisoner from May 5 to May 22, 1863;
mustered out with eom])any May 23, 1863.
John Young, ])rivate, mustered in August 13,1862;
died at Washington, D. C, December 20, 1862.
C().Mi'.vNY H, MiFKi.iN County. — The fol-
lowing served in Company H of the One
Hundred and Thirty-first Regiment :
Benjamin F. Keefer, captain, mustered in August
14, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Robt. S. Maxwell, first lieutenant, mustered in August
14, 1862; died at Falmouth, Va., December 11,
1862.
De La F. Green, first lieutenant, mustered in August
14, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., De-
cember 13,1862; promoted from second lieutenant
January 1, 1863; mustered out with company
May 23, 1863.
W. H. Shoemaker, second lieutenant, mustered in
August 14, 1862; promoted from first sergeant
January 1, 1863 ; mustered out with company
May 23, 1863.
Joseph I. Painter, first sergeant, mustered in August
14, 1862; promoted from sergeant January 1.
1863 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Thomas H. Kistner, sergeant, mustered in August
14, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
William Menges, sergeant, mustered in August 14.
1862; promoted from corporal .lanuary 1,1863;
mustered out with company Jlay 23, 1863.
Peter Shuler, sergeant, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
James Walton, sergeant, mustered in August 14, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Miles W.Paul, corporal, mustered in August 14, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Oscar E. Forster. corporal, mustered in August 14.
1862; ])romoted to corjioral January 1. 1863;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
.lorcmiah Baker, corporal, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; promoted to corporal January 1, 1863 ; nuis-
tered out with company May 23. 1863.
Frank P. Coder, corporal, nmstered in August 14.
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Jesse B Dimm, cori)oral, mustered in August 14,
1862; promoted to eor|)oral January 1. 1863:
mustered out with company Jlay 23, 1863.
Geo. C. Frautz, corporal, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
promoted to corporal January 1,1863; mustered
out with company May 23, 1863.
Peter Kistner, corjioral, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23. 1863.
Geo. W. Rishel, corporal, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; promoted to corporal January 1, 1863 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
330
JUiMIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Wm. Willits, corporal, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
died' January 25, 1863, of wounds received at
Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862.
William Mobr, musician, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Decem-
ber 2, 1862.
Benj Artley, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Peter B. Artley, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
died at Washington, D. C, September 5, 1862.
Charles W. Blaker, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Simon Betts, private, mustered in August 14, 1862,
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William Bruner, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Huston Bastian, private, mustered in August 14, 1862;
discharged on surgeon's certificate December 12,
1862.
John F. Burkhart, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Febru-
ary 19, 1863.
John Berger, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862.
Washington D. Bowman, private, mustered in August
14, 1862 ; died January 6, 1863, of wounds re-
ceived at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13,
1862.
W. C. Castleberry, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Christopher Conner, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Oscar M. Childs, private, nuistered in August 14,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Robert Christine, private, mustered in August 14,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Christian Carter, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate October
27, 1862.
James Duncan, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Frank DifFenderfer, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December
13, 1862.
Jacob Dimm, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862.
John Elliott, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Guy Eilenberger, private, mustered in August 14,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Eobert S. Elliott, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Charles Flick, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Joseph Flick, private, nuistered in August 14, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William W. Fribley, private, mustered in August 14,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Stephen Frj', private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Ste])hen Flick, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13,
1862 ; nuistered out with company May 23, 1863.
Wilson Gundrum, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Alpheus F. Gudykunst, private, mustered in August
14, 1862 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Charles L. Gudykunst, private, mustered in August
14, 1862 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
.Jacob Gower, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William Grant, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
discharged on surgeon's certificate February 1,
1863.
Dauiel Herlocher, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
David O. Hill, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
James Hutson, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13,
1862 ; absent, sick, at muster out.
James D. Haak, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Theodore Hess, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
absent, sick, at muster out.
George Hurst, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Benjamin Hess, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Benjamin Houseknecht, private, mustered in August
14, 1S(;2; discharged on surgeon's certificate
March 2, 1863.
Ellis Herlocher, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December
13, 1862.
John Hartziz, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
died January 1, 1863, of wounds received at
Fredericksburg, Va., December 13, 1862.
John M. Haak, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
died at Acquia Creek, Va., January 23, 1863.
Albert Irvine, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
discharged on surgeon's certificate February 13,
1863.
Erastus Jones, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
James Koons, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Edgar F. Kraus, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Henry Laylon, private, mustered in August 14, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Albert C. Little, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Hiram Moyer, private, mustered in August 14, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
THK WAR l^'OK THE UNIUiN.
331
Jacob Marshall, private, niustered in August 14,
18G2 ; captured at Chancellorsville, Va.; imistcrt'il
out with company May 23, 18(53.
Sanuiel B. Menges, private, mustered in August 14,
18(52; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem-
ber 13, 18(52 ; absent at muster out.
George Martinas, private, niustered in August 14,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 18(53.
James Mackey, private, mustered in August 14, 1862;
wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 18(53.
John Magargle, private, nuistcred in August 14,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Wm. Manly, private, mustered in August 14, 1862;
discharged ou surgeon's certificate October 27,
1862.
R. B. Montgomery, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Decem-
ber 12, 1862.
Silas McCarty, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Eobert McKean, private, nuistered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Charles H. Norris, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Jacob Painter, private, mustered in August 14, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Philip Peters, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Fred. C. Peterman, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John Quinn, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Merrick Reeder, private, mustered in August 14,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Chr. Resh, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Amamiah Rsaser, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem-
ber 13, 1862 ; mustered out with company May
23, 1863.
John Rodman, private, mustered in August 14, 1862;
wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Eston F. Rook, private, mustered in August 14,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Isaac N. Smith, private, mustered in August 14,
1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem-
ber 13, 1862 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Timothy Stead, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Frederick Smith, private, mustered in August 14,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Geo. W. Shetler, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Jacob S. Stremmell, private, mustered in August 14,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Burtis Shipman, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Frank Ste.k, private, mustered in August 14,1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Robert Smith, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
discharged on surgeon's certificate February 14.
1863.
William C. Taylor, private, mustered in August 14.
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Jacob B. Turner, private, mustered in August 14.
1862; nuistered out with company May 23, 1863.
James Turner, private, niustered in August 14, 1862 ;
died at Falmouth, Va., December 6, 1862.
Solomon UpdegraflT, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem-
ber 13, 1862 ; mustered out with company May
23, 1863.
John 8. Webb, private, mustered in August 14, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
D. R. Worthington, private, mustered in August 14,
1862; died at Fredericksburg, Md., December 3,
1862.
Company K, Miffijn County. — The
following served in Company K of the One
Hundred and Thirty-first :
Joseph S. Wareani, captain, mustered in August 18,
1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem-
ber 13, 1862 ; mustered out with company May
23, 1863.
Grant T. Waters, first lieutenant, mustered in August
18, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., De-
cember 13, 1862 ; discharged March 7, 1863.
David B. Weber, first lieutenant, mustered in August
18, 1862; promoted from second lieutenant March
8, 1863 ; mustered out with company May 23.
1863.
Ab. B. Selheimer, second lieutenant, mustered
in August 7, 1862 ; promoted from first sergeant
March 8, 1863; mustered out with company May
23, 1863.
William A. Nelson, first sergeant, mustered in August
7, 1862 ; promoted from corporal March 8, 1863 :
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Wm. Lochart, sergeant, mustered in August 7,
1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Geo. S. Morrison, sergeant, mustered in August 7.
1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., De-
cember 13, 1862; absent, in hospital, at muster
out.
Josiah W. Kennedy, sergeant, mustered in August
7, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
December 13, 1862 ; absent, in hospital, at mus-
ter out.
Wm. D. Wooden, sergeant, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
332
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
James C. Dysart, corporal, mustered in August 7,
1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Thos. Cox, corporal, mustered in August 7, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Theo. B. Smith, corporal, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
C. H. Henderson, corporal, mustered in August 7,
1862; promoted to corporal Decemher 2,1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Wm. R. Wallis, corporal, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate January
30, 1863.
Robt. H. Junkin, corporal, mustered in August 11,
1862 ; ))romoted to corporal ; discharged on sur-
geon's ceniflcate February 15, 1863.
John Hughes, corporal, mustered in August 7, 1862;
promoted to corporal ; discharged at expiration
of term.
Dallas Fichthorn, musician, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23.
1863.
Geo. Myers, musician, mustered in August 7,1862;
discharged on surgeon's certificate April 2,
1863.
Saml. Beaver, private, mustered in August 7, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Jacob Bumbaugh, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; nuistered out with company May 23,
1863.
John A. Brower, private, mustered in August 7, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Ames T. Ball, private, mustered in August 7, 1862;
wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., December 13,
1862 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out.
Samuel H. Berry hill, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Alexander Buns, private, mustered in August 7, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Albert H. Bortell, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Samuel Chestnut, private, mustered in August 7, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Thomas J. Cameron, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Gabriel Carpenter, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Henry H. Cupples, private, mustered in August 7,
1862; nuistered out with company May 23, 1863.
Potter Crissman, private, mustered in August 7, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Joseph M. Crawford, private, mustered in August 7,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John Crawford, private, mustered in August 7, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
I'eter Duck, jirivate, mustered in August 7, 1862;
wounded at Fredericksburg, A'a., December 13,
1862; absent, in hospital, at muster out.
George Derenwechter, private, mustered in August 7,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John Druckamiller, private, mustered in August 7,
1862; died at Fort Schuyler, N. Y., January 11,
1863 ; buried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, L. I.
James P. Elliott, private, mustered in August 7, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
James Ewing, private, mustered in August 7, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
George Freeburn, private, mustered in August 11,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Lewis Fichthorn, private, mustered in August 7, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William H. Felix, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Samuel Finkle, private, mustered in August 7, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William C. French, private, mustered in August 7,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Robert Forsythe, private, mustered in August 7, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John For.sythe, private, mustered in August 7, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William Fleck, private, mustered in August 7, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Albert Fisher, private, mustered in August 7,1862;
discharged on surgeon's certificate January 30,
1863.
Jacob Fisher, private, mustered in August 7, 1862 ;
died at Washington, D. C, December 31, 1862;
buried in Military Asylum Cemetery.
John D. Galbraith, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
James Gill, i)rivate, mustered in August 7, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Abraham Gunter, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 18()3.
James Ginifen, private, mustered in August 7, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William J. Hawk, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
James R. Hesser, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Howard Helman, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
James Hughes, private, mu.stered in August 7, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William A. Harvey, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
G. Hemmilaright, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Joseph Houser, private, mustered in August 7, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John W^. Jenner, private, mustered in August 7, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William H. Kitting, private, mustered in August 7,
1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., De-
cember 13, 1862 ; absent, in hos|>ital, at muster
out.
THE WAR FOK THE UNION.
333
Henry T. Kulp, private, mustered in August 7, 18G2 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1 SG.'i.
Albert Kershaw, private, mustered in August 7, 1862 ;
died at Shirpsburg, Md., October 24, 18(52.
David Koons, private, mustered in August 7, 1862.
P. Loudeuslager, private, mustered in August 7, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Isaac Long, private, nmstered in August 7, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, ISiiS.
Thomas Morgan, private, mustered in August 7, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Charles Miller, private, mustered in August 7, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Lewis R. Morton, private, mustered in August 7,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Israel Mover, private, mustered in August 7, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John S. Miller, private, mustered in August 7, 1862.
John McCullough, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
James B. McLaughlin, private, mustered in August
7, 1862 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
James A. McKinstry, private, mustered in August
14,1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Emanuel Noll, private, mustered in August 7, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Alexander Pedin, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
T. A. Postlethwaite, private, mustered in August
7, 1862; killedat Fredericksburg, Va., December
13, 1862.
William Richards, private, mustered in August
7, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Samuel A. Rothrock, private, mustered in August
7, 1862 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Augustus Riden, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
William Stamm, private, mustered in August 7, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Oliver P. Selheimer, private, mustered in August
7, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
William Swyers, private, mustered in August 7,
1862; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Joseph Steidle, private, mustered in August 7, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
Matthew P. Stroup, private, mustered in August
7, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
John A. Sager, private, mustered in August 7,
1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Henry Sherman, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
James A. Smith, private, mustered in August 7,
1862; died November 19, 1862 ; buried in National
Cemetery, Antietam, Md., section 26, lot D,
grave 451.
Benjamin T. Stauber, private, mustered in August
7, 1862; mustered out with company May 23.
1863.
George A. Snyder, private, mustered in August
11, 1862; mustered out with conii)any May 23,
1863.
V. W. Spigglemoyer, private, mustered in August
7, 1862 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate Jan-
uary 29, 1863.
H. J. Stanbarger, private, mustered in August 7,
1862.
Hosea Somers, private, mustered in August 7, 1862.
Albert C. Tice, private, mustered in August 7,
1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
William A. Vauzant, private, mustered in August
7, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Alfred Wilson, private, mu.stered in August 7, 1862;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
John A. Waream, private, mustered in August
11, 1862; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Edw. Wagner, private, mustered in August 7,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
George Womer, private, mustered in August 14,
1862 ; mustered out with company May 23,
1863.
Jackson Wagner, private, mustered in August 14,
1862; discharged on surgeon's certificate March
13, 1863.
David Yarlett, private, mustered in August 7, 1862 ;
mustered out with company May 23, 1863.
ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT.
The One Hundred and Thirty-third Regiment
(nine months') was raised in the summer of 1862,
and rendezvoused and organized at Camp Cur-
tin. It contained three companies from Perry
county, viz. : Company G, Captain F. B. Speak-
man, who was promoted to the colonelcy of
the regiment ; Company H, Captain David I^.
Tressler; and Company I, Captain Albert B.
Demaree. On the 19th of August the i-egiment
left Harrisburg for Washington, whence it
crossed the Potomac, camping first at Arlington
and soon afterward at A lexandria and at Fort
Ward. In September it was moved back across
the river to Washington, where it became a part
of Humphrey's division of the Fifth Army
Corps, and was armed with improvetl Spring-
334
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEi'S IN PENNSYLVANIA.
field muskets. On the 14th of September it
moved north to meet tiie Confederate forces then
invading Maryland and threatening Pennsyl-
vania, but did not reacli either the battle-field of
South Mountain or that of Antietam in time to
take part in the battles of the 14th and 17th.
Arriving at Autietara on the 18th, it soon after
went into camp, about one mile from the little
town of Sharpsburg, Md., and remained there
until late in October, when it crossed the Poto-
mac into Virginia, and marched to Falmouth,
on the Rappahannock, where the Army of the
Potomac, under General Burnside, was prepar-
ing for a grand assault on the enemy's strong-
hold on the opposite side of the river, at Fred-
ericksburg.
In the great battle of December 13th the reg-
iment, with its brigade, moved forward about
the aiiddle of the afternoon of that day and
crossed the river to Fredericksburg, under a
most terrific fire from the enemy's batteries.
Passing through the town and moving to the
left under a slight cover of elevated ground, it
received the order to charge, and thereupon it
went forward at double-quick to ^vithin fifty
yards of the historic stone wall on Marye's
Heights. Further it could not go, in the face
of the murderous fire which opposed it, but it
remained in that position for nearly an hour,
when, in the dusk of the evening, it was with-
drawn to near the "Brick House," and in the
latter part of the night was marched into the
town, where it remained until the morning of
Tuesday, the 16th, when it recrossed the Rap-
pahannock and reoccupied its old camp. Its
losses in the battle were one hundred and fifty-
seven officers and men killed and wounded, and
twenty-seven missing, — most of the latter being
afterwards ascertained to have been killed or
wounded and left on the field.
In the spring campaign of 1863, uuder Gen-
eral Joseph Hooker as commander of the Army
of the Potoniac, the regiment, witli others of
the division, crossed the Rappahannock at Kel-
ly's Ford on the 27th of April, and moved, by
way of Ely's Ford of the Rapidan, to Chancel-
lorsville, where it was placed in a position on
the extreme left of the army line, towards tiie
Rappahannock. On the 2d of May and night
succeeding it was employed in picket duty and
fortifying. On tiie 3d it took part in the furi-
ous fighting around the Chancellor House, but
was soon after ordered back to its positiou on
the left, where it remained through the remain-
der of the conflict, sustaining only a slight loss
in killed and wounded, — among the former be-
ing the adjutant of the regiment, Edward C.
Bendere, who had been jjromoted to that posi-
tion from private in Company G. From the
battle-field the regiment withdrew to the north
side of the Rappahannock and re-occupied its
former camp-ground, from which, on the 16th
(the expiration of its term), it marched to the
rear, and having been transported to Harris-
burg, was there mustered out of the service by
companies, from May 21 to 26, 1863. Fol-
lowing are given lists of the officers and men
of the three Perry county companies of the
regiment.
Field and Staff, Perry County. — The
following is a list of the field and staff officers
(residents of Perry County) who served in the
One Hundred and Thirty-third :
F. B. Speakman, Colonel, must, in Aug. 16, 1862;
residence, Bloomfield ; pro. from capt. Co. G
Aug. 21, 1802 ; must, out with regt. May 26,
1863.
Edward C. Bendere, Adjutant, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ;
residence, Bloomfleld ; pro. from pri. Co. G
Feb. 24, 1863 ; killed at Cliancellorsville May 3,
1863.
Robert M. Messiraer, Sergeant.-Major, must, in Aug.
13, 1862 ; residence, Bloomfleld ; pro. from corp.
Co. H Aug. 21, 1862 ; com. adjt. May 10, 1863 ;
must, out with regt. May 23, 1863.
C'oMPANY G, Perry County. — The follow-
ing served in Company G of the One Hundred
and Thirty-tliird :
F. B. Speakman, capt., must, in Aug. 16, 1862; resi-
dence, Bloomfleld ; pro. to col. Aug. 21, 1862
nuist. out with company May 26, 1863.
William H. Sheibley, capt., must, in Aug. 16, 1862
residence, Landisburg ; pro. from 1st lieut. Aug.
21, 1862; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec,
13, 1862.
Joel F. Fredericks, 1st lieut., must, in Aug. 16, 1862
residence, Bloomfleld ; pro. from 2d lieut. Aug
21, 1862 ; must, out with company May 26, 1863
James B. Eby, 2d lieut., must, in Aug. 11,1862
residence, Bloomfleld ; pro. from 1st sergt. Aug,
21, 1862 ; must, out with company May 26, 1863,
THH WAR FOll THE UiNIOiV.
335
David C. Orris, 1st sergt., must, iu Aug. 11, 18t)2;
residence, Saville twp. ; pro. from corp. to sergt.
Aug. 21, 1862; to 1st sergt. Feb. 3, 18(53; must,
out with company May 20, 1863.
William L. Spanogle, 1st sergt., must, in Aug. 11,
1862; residence, Saville twp.; pro. from sergt.
Aug. 21, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 1862.
George B. Roddy, sergt., must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; resi-
dence, Landisburg ; must, out with company
May 26, 1863.
William A. Boden, sergt., must, in Aug. 11,1802;
residence, Saville twp. ; must, out with company
May 26, 1863.
John Jones, Jr., sergt., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; resi-
dence, Juniata twp. ; pro. to corp. Jan. 4, 1863 ;
to sergt. Feb. 3, 1863 ; must, out with company
May 26, 180:i.
Jeremiah J. Billow, sergt., must, in Aug. 11, 1802;
residence, Bloomfield ; pro. i'rom pri. March 10,
1863 ; must, out with company May 26, 1803.
John N. Belford, corp., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; resi-
dence, Bloomfield ; j)ro. to corp. Feb. 5, 1863 ;
must, out with company May 26, 1863.
John S. Wetzell, corp., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; resi-
dence. Spring twp.; must, out with comjiany
May 26, 1868.
Samuel Baker, corp., must, in Aug. 11, 1802; resi-
dence, Saville twp.; pro. to corp. Feb. 3, 1863;
must, out with comi)any May 26, 18(i3.
Jona F. Bistline, corp., must, in Aug. 11, 1802; must,
out with company May 26, 1863.
James L. Moore, corp., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; resi-
dence, Centre twp.; ])romoted to corp. April 14,
1803 ; must, out with company May 26, 1S63.
Daniel L. Smith, corp., nuist. in Aug. 11, 1862; resi-
dence. Centre twp. ; must, out with corai)any
May 26, 1863.
Isaac B. Trostle, corp., must, in Aug. 11, 1802; resi-
dence. Centre twp.; wounded at Fredericksburg,
Va., Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May
26, 1863.
F. A. Campbell, corp., must, in Aug. 11, 1802; resi-
dence. Centre twp.; pro. to corp. Aug. 21, 1862;
must, out with company May 26, 1863.
William Flickinger, corp., must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ;
residence, Centre twp. ; disch. Apr. 14, 1863, for
wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13,
1862.
F. M. Withrow, corp., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; resi-
dence. Centre twp. ; died at Falmouth, Va., Jan.
4, 1863.
Charles C. Hackett, uuis., must, in Aug. 11, 1862;
residence, Bloomfield ; nuist. out with company
May 26, 1863.
Pricates.
Thomas Anderson, must, in Aug. 11, 1802; residence,
Jackson twp. ; must, out with company May 26,
1863.
Isaac Baughman, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Tuscarora twp. ; must, out with company May 26,
1803.
John Baker, must, in Aug. 11, 1802; residence, Tus-
carora twp. ; must, out with company May 26,
1803.
Adam Bucher, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Tuscarora twp. ; must, out with company May
26, 1863.
Samuel Brown, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Tuscarora twp. ; must, out with company May
26, 1863.
John Beaver, Jr., nuist. in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Centre twp. ; uuist. out with company May 26,
1863.
Jacob Beaver, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Centre twp. ; must, out with company May 26,
1803.
Solomon Beaver, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Saville twp. ; must, out with company May 26,
1863.
William Bumbaugh, must, in Aug. 11, 1802; must,
out witli company May 20, 1863.
Peter Beichler, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; disch. on
surg. certif. Feb. 24, 1863.
Edward C. Bendere, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; residence,
Bloomfield ; pro. to adjt. Feb. 24, 1863.
Solomon Baxter, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
SiH-ing twp. ; died at Sharpsburg, Md., Oct. 9,
1862.
Michael Collins, must, iu Aug. 11, 1862; must, out
with company May 26, 1863.
Thomas Clouser, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out
with company May 26, 1863.
William Clouser, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out
with company May 26, 1863.
Lewis Durnbaugh, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; mu.st. out
with company May 26, 1863.
Jacob E. Flickinger, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; resi-
dence, Madison twp. ; absent, in hospital, at mus-
ter out.
George Flickinger, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Madison twp. ; must, out with company May 26,
1863.
David Fry, must, iu Aug. 11, 1862 ; residence, Green-
wood twp.; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 6, 1862.
Charley Finley, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; died at Fal-
mouth, Va., Dec. 20, 1802.
William H. Gussler, must, iu Aug. 11, 1862; res-
idence, Centre twp.; must, out with company
May 26, 1863.
Albert J. Heckman, must, iu Aug. 11, 1862; must,
out with company May 26, 1803.
D. B. Hohenshildt, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Madison twp.; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with Co., May 20, 1863.
Abraham Holman, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence.
Greenwood twp.; must, out with company May
26, 1863.
336
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Richard Hench, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Saville twp. ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 26,
1863.
Henry C. Hayner, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out
with company May 26, 1863.
Jacob C. Hostetter, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must.
out with company May 26, 1863.
George Heim, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out
with company May 26, 1863.
Joseph Hartman, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; wounded
at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; disch. on
surg. certif. March 24, 1863.
William Jacobs, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence
Newport; must, out with company May 26, 1863
William Kough, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence
Juniata twp.; must, out with company May 26
1863.
Philip Kell, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Tyrone twp. ; must, out with company May 26
1863.
David S. Kistler, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; residence
Sandy Hill ; must, out with company May 26
1863."
William Lupfer, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence
Bloomfield; must, out with comi^any May 26
1863.
George Lupfer, nmst. in Aug. 11, 1862 ; residence
Centre twp. ; must, out with company May 26
1863.
Jacob L. Liddick, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence
Buffalo twp. ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va
December 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May
26, 1863.
William Miller, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence.
Howe twp. ; must, out with company May 26,
1863.
Robert Morrow, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; residence,
Tyrone twjj. ; must, out with company May 26
1863.
George W. Messimer, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; resi-
dence, Bloomfield ; must, out with company May
26, 1863.
William K. Miller, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out
with company May 26, 1863.
Davidson Miller, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out
with company May 26, 1863.
Jacob Markel, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; residence, Jun-
iata twp. ; must, out May 26, 1863.
William Mehaffie, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Saville twp. ; must, out with company May 26,
1863.
James S. Morrow, must, in Aug, 11, 1862; residence,
Tyrone twp. ; discharged Feb. 23, 1863, for
wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec.
13, 1862.
James Mathers, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Saville twp. ; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13,
1862.
Jacob Miller, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Juniata twp.; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13,
1862.
James S. McKee, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Bloomfield ; must, out with com])any May 26,
1863.
Moses F. Noll, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence.
Centre twp.; must, out with company May 26,
1863.
James G. Neilson, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence.
Centre twp. ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 26,
1863.
Eli Orris, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence, Saville
twp. ; wounded in the head at Fredericksburg,
Va. ; must, out with company May 26, 1863.
Hanford Powell, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Tuscarora twp. ; must, out with company May
26, 1863.
George W. Reiber, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Tuscarora twp. ; must, out with company May
26, 1863.
David E. Robinson, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; resi-
dence, Tuscarora twp. ; wounded at Fredericks
burg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company
May 26, 1863.
Jacob Rhinesmith, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Toboyne twp. ; must, out with company May
26, 1863.
Jacob Rhule, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence, To-
boyne twp. ; must, out with company May 26,
1863.
William Smith, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Tuscarora twp. ; must, out with company May
26, 1863.
Nicholas Sweger, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence.
Centre twp. ; must, out with company May 26,
1863.
John Smeigh, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with
company May 26, 1863.
William Sliatts, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out
with company May 26, 1863.
Henry C. Shearer, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; residence,
Tyrone twp. ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 26,
1863.
Henry Shreffler, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Tyrone twp. ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May
26, 1863.
William M. Sutch, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Bloomfield; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 2, 1863.
Abram Spanogle, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; killed at
Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862.
Lemuel Topley, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; residence,
Bloomfield ; must, out with company May 26,
1863.
Henry A. Toomey, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; residence,
Juniata twp. ; must, out with Co., May 26, 1863.
THE WAR FOll THE UNION.
337
James E, Woods, must, in Aug. 11, 1802; residence,
Jackson twp. ; must, out with company May 26,
1863.
John M. Withrow, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; residence,
Centre twp. ; must, out with company May 26,
1863.
Reuben Zeigler, must, in Aug. 11, 1S62 ; must, out
with company May 26, 1863.
Company H, Perry County. — The follow-
ing served in Company H of the One Hnn-
dred and Thirty-third :
David L. Tressler, capt., must, in Aug. 10, 1802 ;
residence, Loysville ; wounded at Fredericksburg,
Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out witli company May
25, 1863.
. Henry Keck, 1st lieut., must, in Aug. 16,1862; resi-
dence. Spring twp. ; must, out with company
May 25, 1863.
Hiram A. Sleighter, 2d lieut., must, in Aug. 16,
1862; residence, Si)riug twp.; must, out with
company May 25, 1863.
Augustus McKenzie, 1st sergt. ; must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ;
must, out with company May 25, 1863.
John Rynard, sergt., must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must,
out with company May 25, 1803.
George Tressler, sergt., must, in Aug. 13, 1802 ; resi-
dence, Tyrone twp. ; mu.st. out with company
May 25, 1803.
Robert A. Murray, sergt., must, in Aug. 13,1802 ; resi-
dence, Landisburg ; must, out with company May
25, 1803.
Peter Lightner, sergt., must, iu Aug. 13, 1862 ; resi-
dence, Tyrone twp.; must, out with company May
25, 1863.
Samuel H. Rice, corp., must, in Aug. 13, 1802 ; resi-
dence, Tyrone twp.; wounded at Fredericksburg,
Va., Dec. 13, 1802 ; must, out with company May
25, 1803.
William Power, corp., must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; resi-
dence, Tyrone twp. ; must, out with company May
25, 1863.
Lewis Sweger, corp., must, iu A.ug. 13, 1862; resi-
dence, Centre twp. ; must, out with company May
25, 1863.
J. A. Raudenbaugh, corp., must, in Aug. 13, 1802; res-
idence. Centre twp.; must, out with company May
25, 1863.
Jacob Rowe, Corp., must, in Aug. 13, 1802 ; residence,
Madison twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
John A. Boyer, corp., must, in Aug. 13, 1802; resi-
dence, Newport ; nuist. out with company May
25, 1803.
Gardiner C. Palm, corp., must, in August 13, 1862 ;
residence, Tyrone twp.; pro. to corp. Sept. 27,
1862; must, out with company May 25, 1863.
Josiah E. Tressler, corp., must, in Aug. 13, 1862;
22
residence, Tyrone twj). ; pro. to corp. Sept. 29,
1862 ; must, out with company May 25, 1863.
Levi T. Steinberger, corp., must, in Aug. 13, 1862;
residence, Tyrone twp.; disch. on surg. certif. Oct.
9, 1862.
Robert M. Messimer, corp., must, iu Aug. 13, 1862;
residence, Bloomfield ; pro. to sergt.-maj. .\ug. 21,
1862.
Lemuel T. Sutch, mus., must, in Aug. 13, 1862; resi-
dence, IJloomfield ; mustered out with company
May 25, 1863.
John S. Ki.-tler, mus., must, in Aug. 13, 1862; resi-
dence, Sandy Hill; not on muster-out roll.
Privates.
John Albright, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence
Newport; wounded; absent, in hospital, at mu.s-
ter out.
Henry Bear, must, in Aug. 13, 1802 ; residence.
Spring twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
Jacob Berkstresser, must, in Aug. 13, 1802; residence,
Carroll tw]). ; must, out with company May 25,
1803.
J. W. Berkstresser, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Carroll twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1803.
Benjamin Baltozer, must, in Aug. 13, 1802; residence,
Jackson twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
John H. Bryner, must, in Aug. 13, 1802 ; residence,
Tyrone twp.; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
George W. Bryner, must, in Aug. 13, 1802; residence,
Tyrone twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1803.
Samuel Briggs, must, in Aug. 13, 1802.; residence
Carroll twji. ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 18()2 ; must, out with company May 25,
1803.
A. J. Baker, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Jackson twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
William F. Calhoun, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; resi-
dence, Saville twp. ; must, out with company May
25, 1863.
Joseph Craig, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence.
Centre twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
Thomas H. Milligan, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; resi-
dence, Newport ; wounded at Fredericksburg,
Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company Mav
25, 1863.
Joseph W. Clouser, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence.
Centre twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
John W. Campbell, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Juniata twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
338
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Anderson Chestnut, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out
with company May 25, 1863.
Allen Clellan, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Spring twp. ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
Simon W. Clouser, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Centre twp. ; must, out witli company May 25,
1863.
William E. Dumm, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; resi-
dence. Spring twp. ; must, out with company May
25, 1863.
Michael Dromgold, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Saville twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
David P. Elder, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence
Newport ; must, out with company May 25, 1863.
James C. Harris, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Saville twp. ; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va.,
May 3, 1863 ; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
William Hutchison, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Tuscarora twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
George Jumper, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence.
Centre twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
Solomon Keck, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; must, out
with company May 25, 1863.
Erasmus D. Kepner, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; resi-
dence, Saville twi*. ; must, out with company May
25, 1863.
David P. Lightner, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; must, out
with company May 25, 1863.
Amos Mehaffie, must, in Aug. 13,1862; residence,
Saville twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1863. ■
John S. Mehaffie, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Saville twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
David Mehaffie, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Saville twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
William H. Minich, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; resi-
dence, Tyrone twp. ; absent, in hospital, at muster
out.
W. D. Messimer, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Bloomfield ; must, out with Co. May 25, 1863.
Jesse March, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Bloomfield ; must, out with Co. May .25, 1863.
Emanuel Morrison, must, in Aug. 13. 1862 ; residence,
New Germant'n ; must, out with Co. May 25, 1863.
Henry Minnich, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Tyrone twp. ; died at Potomac Creek, Va., Dec.
1, 1862.
William A. McKee, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Bloomfield ; must, out with Co. May 25, 1863.
James Mcllhenny, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence.
Bloomfield ; disch. March 12, 1863, for wounds
received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862.
Fred. McCaskey, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Saville twp. ; missed in action at Fredericksburg
Dec. 13, 1862.
David Niely, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with
company May 25, 1863.
Isaiah P. Owen, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; died Nov.
2, 1862.
George Pennell, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Wheatficld twp. ; must, out with company May
25, 1863.
Samuel Rice, Jr., must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out
with company May 25, 1863.
Geo. W. Riggleman, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must.
out with company May 25, 1863.
Samuel Rhodes, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Carroll twp. ; must, out with company May 25,
1863.
Wm. M. Rhea, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
New Germant'n; must, out with company May
25, 1863.
Samuel Robinson, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
New Germant'n ; must, out with comjjany May
25, 1863.
John A. Reed, inust. in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Jackson twp. ; died March 5, 1863.
John B. ScheafFer, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out
with comjjany May 25, 1863.
Samuel B. Smith, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
.luniata twp. ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 23,
1863.
Josiah R. Smith, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Juniata twp. ; must, out with company May 23,
1863.
Emanuel Sowers, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Tyrone twp. ; must, out with company May 23,
1863.
John J. Stuckey, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Newport; must, out with company May 23, 1863.
John K. Stump, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out
with company May 23, 1863.
Francis W. Swartz, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out
with company May 23, 1863.
Jacob B. Stutsman, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Juniata twp. ; must, out with company May 23,
1863.
J. E. Van Camp, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence.
Miller twp. ; must, out with company May 23,
1863.
James Van Dyke, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; must, out
with company May 23, 1863.
John C. Weller, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Tyrone twp. ; must, out with company May 23,
1863.
Joel W. Witmer, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Saville twp. ; must, out with company May 23,
1863.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
339
David T. Wagner, must, in Aug. 13, 18(52; residence,
Spring tw]). ; died Dec. 25th, of wounds re-
ceived at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1802.
James Yohn, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence, Tus-
carora twp. ; wounded at Fredericlcsburg, Va. ;
must, out with company May 23, 1863.
John A. Zeigler, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Sandy Hill; must, out with company May 25,
1863."
Company I, Perry County. — The follow-
ing served in Company I of the One Hundred
and Thirty-third :
Albert B. Demaree, capt., must, in Aug. 16, 1862 ;
residence, Newport ; wounded at Fredericksburg,
Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May
21, 1863.
Hiram Firtig, 1st lieut., must, in Aug. 16, 1862 ; res-
idence, Millerstown ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec.
22, 1862.
Samuel R. Deach, 1st lieut., must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ;
residence, Millerstown ; pro. from 2d sergt. Dec.
13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
William A. Zinn, 2d lieut., must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ;
residence, Newport ; pro. to 1st sergt. Dec. 23,
1862 ; must, out with company May 21, 1863.
George S. De Bray, 1st sergt., must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ;
residence, Millerstown ; wounded at Fredericks-
burg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; pro. from sergt. Dec.
23, 1862 ; must, out with company May 21, 1863.
Levi Attig, sergt., must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Millerstown; pro. from corp. Dec. 23, 1862 ; must,
out with company May 21, 1863.
Joseph R. Fate, sergt., must, in Aug. 13, 1862; res-
idence, Newport ; captured ; must, out with com-
pany May 21, 1863.
Jacob B. Wilson, sergt., must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; res-
idence, Greenwood twp. ; must, out with com-
pany May 21, 1863.
Frank Thomas, sergt., must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; res-
idence. Centre twp. ; pro. from priv. Dec. 23,
1862; must, out with compauy May 21, 1863.
J. Fetter Kerr, sergt., must, in Aug. 13, 1862; res-
idence, Tuscarora twp. ; died at Potomac Creek,
Va., Dec. 5, 1862.
S. P. McClenegan, Corp., must, iu Aug. 13, 1862 ; res-
idence, Millerstown; must, out with company
May 21, 1863.
Joseph S. Bucher, corp., must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; res-
idence, Tuscarora twp. ; must, out with company
May 21, 1863.
Wm. Howanstine, corp., must, in Aug. 13, 1862; res-
idence, Tuscarora twp. ; must, out with company
May 21, 1863.
David Snyder, corp., must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; res-
idence, Millerstown; must, out with company
May 21, 1863.
Williams. Linn, corp., must, in Aug. 13, 1862; res-
idence, Tuscarora twp. ; must, out with company
May 21, 1863.
Jefferson Franklin, corp., must, in Aug. 13, 1862; res-
idence, Newport; pro. to corp. April .30,1863;
must, out with company May 21, 1863.
John Beasom, corp., must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; res-
idence, Greenwood twp. ; pro. to corp. April 30,
1863 ; must, out with company May 31, 1863.
Benjamin M. Eby, corp., mustered in Aug. 13, 1862 ;
residence, Toboyne twp. ; pro. to corp. April 30,
1863 ; must, out with company May 31, 1863.
William Stahl, corp., must, in Aug. 13, 1862; res-
idence, Millerstown ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb.
14, 1803.
Mahlon T. Bretz, corp., must, in Aug. 13, 1862; res-
idence, Newport ; disch. Feb. 24, 1863, for wounds
received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862.
David H. Scott, mus., must, in Aug. 13, 1862; resi-
dence, Millerstown ; pro. to mus. Aug. 20, 1862 ;
must, out with company May 21, 1863.
Geo. S. Goodman, mus., must, in Aug. 13, 1862; resi-
dence, Millerstown ; must, out with company
May 21, 1863.
Privates.
Henry H. Attig, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Millerstown ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
Peter Attig, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Millerstown ; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
Cloyd C. Bender, must, in Aug. 13, 18(;2 ; residence,
Greenwood twp.; must, out with company Mav
21, 1863.
Lewis Beasom, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Greenwood twp.; mustered out with company
May 21, 1863.
J. L. S. Beaumont, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Liverpool ; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
Samuel K. Boyer, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Watts twp.; must, out with company Mav 21,
1863.
John C. Butz, must, iu Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence, New-
port; must, out with comi>any May 21, 1863.
Jacob K. Boyer, must, in Aug. 13, 18()2; residence,
Millerstown ; nuist. out with company Mav 21,
1863.
Robert T. Beaty, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Newport; disch. May 20, 1863.
Alex. M. Brown, must in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Tuscarora twp.; died at Frederick, Md., Nov. 5,
1862.
David Bistline, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Toboyne twp.; killed at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 1862.
John C. Bretz, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence.
340
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Howe twp.; killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec.
13, 1862.
Wm. H. Clouser, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Juniata twp.; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
William H. Cox, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Howe twp.; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
Joseph Cox, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Howe twp.; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
Jere M. Carwell, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Greenwood twp.; must, out with company May
21, 1863.
Isaiah Clouser, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Bloomfield ; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
S. P. Campbell, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Tuscarora twp.; disch. on surg. certif. April 27,
1863.
Amos Deifenderfer, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Millerstown ; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
Joseph Duncan, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Newport ; killed at Fredericksburg, Va,, Dec. 13,
1862.
Eli Etter, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence, New-
port; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13,
1862; must, out with company May 21, 1863.
Jesse Freeburn, must, in August 13, 1862; residence,
Newport; must, out with company Maj' 21, 1863.
James Freeland, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Howe twp.; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
Joseph Foreman, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Newport; must, out with company May 21, 1863.
Lewis Frank, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Howe twp.; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
Samuel K. Gable, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Millerstown ; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
Augustus Gingrich, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Tuscarora twp.; wounded atChaucellorsville May
3, 1862 ; must, out with company May 21, 1863.
D. W. Gunderman, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Howe twp.; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 10, 1862.
Theophilus Howell, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Newport ; must, out with company May 21, 1863.
Wm. H. Harman, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Greenwood twp.; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with Co. May 21, 1863.
Geo. W. Huggius, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Buffalo twp.; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va.,
May 3, 1863 ; must, out with Co. May 21, 1863.
Henry C. Horting, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Howe twp.; must, out with Co. May 21, 1863.
Stephen A. Hughes, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Newport ; mustered out with Co. May 21, 1863.
Michael Holtzapple, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Millerstown ; must, out with Co. May 21, 1863.
William Hopple, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Newport; must out with Co. May 21, 1863.
And. J. Howanstine, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Tuscarora twp.; dis. on surg. certif. Mar. 22, 1863.
Frederick Haine, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Howe twp.; died at Washington, D. C, Dec. 23d,
of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec.
13, 1862.
Wm. S.Jacobs, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Tuscarora twp.; must, out with Co. May 21,1863.
James Jacobs, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Tuscarora twp.; must, out with Co. May 21, 1863.
Peter Kipp, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence, New-
port; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13,
1862 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out.
Isaac Keely, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence, New-
port ; must, out with Co. May 21, 1862.
Samuel E. Leas, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Juniata twp.; must, out with Co. May 21, 1863.
John J. Linn, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence, Tus-
carora twp.; must, out with Co. May 21, 1863.
Jerome B. Lahr, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence.
Greenwood twp. ; wounded at Fredericksburg,
Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May
21, 1863.
Daniel Liddick, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Howe twp. ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
Scott W. Lightner, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Madison twp. ; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
Wm. H. Loughman, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; resi-
dence, Greenwood twp. ; died at Wind-Mill
Point, Va.
Joseph B. Mitchell, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence.
Greenwood twp. ; must, out with company May
21, 1863.
George K. Myers, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Millerstown; died at Washington, D.C., Dec. 18tl],
of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dee.
13, 1862.
Martin Knoll, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Millerstown ; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
Joseph Oiner, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Millerstown ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va.,
• Dec. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
Josiah Rider, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Oliver twp.; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
James Reiber, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence.
Spring twp. ; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
341
William Risher, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Greenwood twp. ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 27,
1863.
Michael Sliottsberger, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; resi-
dence, Greenwood twp. ; must, out with company
May 21, 1863.
Isaac Sliottsberger, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence.
Greenwood twp. ; wounded at Fredericksburg,
Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; nmst. out with company May
21, 1863.
John Shell, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence, Mil-
lerstown ; wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec.
13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 21, 1863.
Wm. H. Shade, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence.
Greenwood twp. ; must, out with company May
21, 1863.
W. M. D. Sheaffer, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; must, out
with company May 21, 1863.
Josephus W. Smith, must, in Aug, 13, 1862; killed at
Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862.
A. Tschopp (Chubb), must, in Aug. 13, 1862; resi-
dence. Greenwood twp. ; must, out with company
21, 1863.
Cyrus Tschopp, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Greenwood twp. ; must, out with company May
21, 1863.
John M. Toland, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Penu twp. ; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va.,
May 3, 1863 ; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
W. H. W. Umholtz,mu3t. in Aug. 13, 1862; must, out
with company May 21, 1863.
C. L. Vannewkirk, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Penn twp. ; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
James A. Wright, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence.
Greenwood twp. ; must, out with company May
21, 1863.
Joseph Wagner, must, in Aug. 13,1862; residence,
Liverpool twp. ; absent at muster out.
Samuel T. Watts, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; residence,
Juniata twp. ; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
William Wertz, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Newport; must, out with company May 21, 1863.
Stephen Williams, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Newport; mustered out with company May 21,
1863.
And. Whitekettle, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Juniata twp. ; must, out with company May 21,
1863.
John Yohe, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with
company May 21, 1863.
Henry L. Yohn, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; died in serv-
ice.
O. P. Zimmerman, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; residence,
Tuscarora twp. ; must, out with company May
21, 1863.
ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT.
The One Hundred and Forty-second Eegi-
ment was made up of tliree companies from
Somerset County, and one from each of the
counties of Westmoreland, Mercer, Monroe,
Venango, Luzerne, Fayette and Union, the
last-named being Company E, of which the
original commanding officer was Captain John
A. Owens.
The regimental rendezvous was at Caifip
Curtin, Harri.sburg, where the companies were
mustered into the .service as they arrived dur-
ing the month of August, 1862. On the 1st of
September the organization of the regiment was
efi'ected, under the following-named field offi-
cers : Colonel, Robert P. Cummins, of Somer-
set County ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Alfred B. Mc-
Calmont, of Vemngo ; Major, John Bradley, of
Luzerne. Within two days from the time the
organization was completed the regiment moved
to Washington, D. C, where it ^\as first em-
ployed in the construction of fortifications for
the defense of the city. In the latter part of
September it was moved to Frederick, Md.,
where it remained a few weeks, and early in
October it marched to Warrenton, Va., it hav-
ing been assigned to duty in the Second Brig-
ade, Third Division (the Pennsylvania Reserves)
of the First Corps. From Warrenton it moved
to Brooks' Station, on the Richmond, Freder-
icksburg and Potomac Railroad.
The men of the regiment first smelt the smoke
of battle at Fredericksburg, on the 13th of De-
cember. The Reserve division formed a part
of General Franklin's grand division, and at
noon on the 12th cro.ssed the Rappahannock,
and took up a position for the night along the
river-bank. Early on the following morning
the division crossed the ravine which cuts the
plain nearlv parallel with the river, and formed
in line of battle. The One Hundred and For-
ty-second Regiment was deployed on the left of
the division, supporting a battery. Finally the
order was given to charge, and the regiment
went forward with a cheer, but was met by a
fusilade so deadly that its advance was checked.
" Expo.sed to a destructive fire, from which the
rest of the brigade was shielded, it could only
await destruction, without the privilege of re-
342
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
turning it, and with no prospect of gaining an
advantage ; but with a nerve which veterans
might envy, it heroically maintained its position
till ordered to retire. Out of five hundred and
fifty men who stood in well-ordered ranks in
the morning, two hundred and fifty in one brief
hour were stricken down. After this disastrous
charge the division fell back to the position
west of the ravine which it had occupied on the
previous day, where it remained until, with the
army, it recrossed the river on the night of the
15th, and two days after went into winter-quar-
ters near Belle Plain Lauding." '
In February, 1863, the regiment, with the
Reserves, were sent to the defenses of Washing-
ton, and remained there till late in April, when
it again moved to the Rappahannock. During
the progress of the great battle of Chancellors-
ville, which occurred a few days later, it was
held in readiness for service, and remained for
many hours under a heavy artillery fire, but did
not become actually engaged. After the battle
it recrossed the river with the aroiy, and reoccu-
pied its old camp near the Rappahannock until
the advance of the army to Gettysburg. In
that great conflict the regiment fought with con-
spicuous bravery on the 1st and 3d of July, not
being called into action but held in reserve
during the struggle of the 2d. Its losses in
the entire battle were one hundred and forty-
one killed and wounded and eighty-four
missing (most of whom were made prisoners), a
total of two hundred and twenty-five. Among
the wounded were Colonel Cummins and Cap-
tain Charles R. Evans, of the Union County
company, and Lieutenant Andrew G. Tucker, of
the same company, the wounds of the colonel
and Lieutenant Tucker both proving to be
mortal.
During the remainder of the year IS63 the
regiment took part in the general movements of
the army (including the advance against the en-
emy's strong position at Mine Run), but was
not actively engaged in battle. Its winter-quar-
ters were made near Culpeper, Va.
On the 4th of May, 1864, it left its winter-
quarters and moved across the Rapidan on the
campaign of the Wilderness. At noon on the
oth it became hotly engaged, and fought with
determination, holding its ground stubbornly
until near night, when it was forced to retire.
Its losses wei'e heavy. On the 6th it again saw
heavy fighting along the line of the Gordons-
ville road. On the 7th it moved to Laurel Hill,
and held position there until the 13th, when it
moved to Spottsylvania Court-House. There
it remained a week, throwing up defenses, and
a great part of the time under heavy artillery
fire. On the 21st it again moved on, aud in
its advance southward fought at North Anna,
Bethesda Church, and Tolopotomoy, arriving at
(Jold Harbor on the 6th of June. Moving
thence across the Chickahominy to the James,
it crossed that river on the 16th and took posi-
tion in front of Petersburg. Its first fight there
was on the 18th, on which occasion it succeeded
in dislodging the enemy in its front, and held
the ground thus gained. It took part in two
actions on the line of the Weldon Railroad, also
in that at Peebles' Farm (September 30th), and
others during the operations of the sumnaer and
fall. On the 6th of February, 1865, it fought
and suffered considerable loss in the action at
Dabney's Mills.
Breaking its winter camp on the 30th of
March, it participated in the assault on the ene-
my's works on the Boydton plank-road, and
again fought at Five Forks on the 1st of April,
suffering severe loss. Eight days later General
Lee surrendered at Appomattox, and the brig-
ade of which the One Hundred and Forty-sec-
ond formed a part moved to Burkesville Sta-
tion as a guard to stores and other property cap-
tured from the enemy. After a stay of two
weeks at Burkesville the regiment was ordered
to Petersburg, and moving thence by way of
Richmond to Washington, D. C, was there
mustered out of service on the 29th of May,
1865.
Company E, Uniox County. — The follow-
ing served in Company E of the One Hundred
and Forty-second :
Captains.
John A. Owens.
Charles R. Evans.
THE WAR FOR THE UxNION.
343
First Lieutenants.
Andrew G. Tucker, died July .^th, of wounds received
at Gettysburg July 1, 1863.
Isaac S. Kerstetter.
Sergeants.
Scott Clingan.
Alfred Hayes.
Samuel Brown.
John V. Miller.
Reuben B. Fessler.
Thomas P. Wagner.
Thomas R. Orwig, died at Washington, D. C, Nov.
30, 1862.
Corporals.
Isaac J. Kerstetter.
Isaac F. Brown.
John Gellinger.
Benjamin W. Minium.
Henry C. Penny.
John H. Martin.
William Keifer.
Nathaniel Strahan.
Henry M. Specht.
Jacob H. Rank, died June 1st, of wounds received at
Spottsylvania Court House, Va., May 12, 1864.
Samuel Meyer, killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec.
13, 1862.
Musicians.
William Geibel.
Hunter B. Barton.
Privates.
William L. Ammon.
Peter Armagast, killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec.
13, 1862.
George Baker.
George E. Boope.
Solomon Boyer.
Reuben Campbell.
John P. Deibert, killed at Catlett's Station, Va., Nov.
30, 1863.
John S. Bellinger, killed at Fredericksburg, Va.,
Dec. 13, 1862.
William L. Donachy.
Theodore Fangboner.
John Farley.
David Fees.
David Fetter, died of wounds received at Fredericks-
burg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862.
Adam Fetter.
William H. Fullmer.
Jackson Gellinger.
Jacob B. Gilboney,
James P. Gundy.
Har'n R. Hartman.
Noah Hoflman.
John Hoftman.
Henry W. Hoffman.
Solomon B. Hoflman.
Thomas Houghton.
David Jamison, died of wounds received at Freder-
icksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862.
John Kline, died of wounds received at Wilderness
Va., May 6, 1864.
John Kling, died at Acquia .Creek Jan. 22, 1863.
William Koser, died at Warrenton, Va., Nov., 1862.
Uriah Koser.
Frank P. Le Fevre.
Jacob Lenhart.
Daniel McBride.
James Marr.
Henry Martin, died at Sharpsburg, Md., Nov. 24,
1862 ; buried in National Cemetery, Antietam,
sec. 26, lot B, grave 224.
Daniel Martin, died of wounds received at Fredericks-
burg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862.
John A. Minium.
A. Judson Morris.
Jacob Moser, killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 1,
1864.
Jeremiah Moser, died of wounds received at Freder-
icksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862.
John N. Moyer.
Levi H. Moyer, died of wounds received at Freder-
icksburg, Va., December 13, 1862.
Henry B. Pontius.
John Raboss.
Henry Raboss, killed March 24, 1865.
Samuel Rank.
George Reichley.
George Reish.
William L. Renner.
Levi Renner, died at Richmond, Va., Feb. 23, 1863,
of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec.
13, 1862.
David Root, died at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863.
William R. Sechler.
Jeremiah Shaffer.
William Shields.
John W. Showalter.
Henry M. Smith.
Henry C. Smith.
Michael Smith.
James C. Straham.
Daniel Sortman.
George Stapleton, died July 26th, of wounds received
at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863.
Philip Steinmetz.
Henry Stettler, died at Washington, D. C, October 12.
1862; burial record Oct. 7, 1864: buried in Jlil-
itary Asylum Cemetery.
Samuel Stitzer, died at Washington, D. C, May 30th,
of wounds received at North Anna River, Va.
May 23, 1864; buried in National Ccnieteiy, Ar-
lington.
Henry Stuck, died of wounds received at Fredericks-
burg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862.
Robert M. Wilson.
344
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Emanuel Wolfe.
William H. Wolfe.
Thomas Wynn.
THE ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SEVENTH
REGIMENT.^
August, 1862, was the darkest hour in the
history of the nation. The magnificent Army
of the Potomac, with its almost idolized com-
mander, General George B. McClellan, was
ordered from the Peninsula. The Confederate
army under Longstreet and Jackson, under the
personal supervision of General R. E. Lee,
had defeated General Pope and his army at
Groveton and Manassas ; the Union army was
concentrating witliiu the trenches and fortifica-
tions around Washington. Lee^ .seeing the de-
moralization of the Union army, early in Sep-
tember, 18G2, prepared to invade "Maryland,
my Maryland." At this critical moment the
ninety-day theory had been fully exploded,
and when to enlist for three years meant most,
the men who afterwards were known as Com-
pany G, One Hundred and Forty-seventh
Pcnn.sylvania Volunteer Infantry, enlisted
for the term of three years, or " during
the war." At an election held in Selinsgrove
on the morning of September 13, 1862,
Charles S. Davis was elected captain ; Nelson
Byers, first lieutenant ; and William H.
Schi'oyer, second lieutenant. The same morn-
ing, the company, seventy-five strong, left for
Harrisburg, and were mustered into the service
of the United States on the 15tli of the same
month, fourteen more men having enlisted and
were mustered into the command ere it left
Harrisburg for the front, in the summer of 1863.
After the battle of Gettysburg, eleven substitutes
were sent to the company, making the total
number one hundred.
The company performed duty at the hospitals
at Harrisburg from the 19th of September to
October 24, 1862, when the members of the
company, with but one single dissenting voice,
voted to join the One Hundred and Forty-
seveuth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, at-
tached to General John W. Geary's division,
then stationed at Bolivar Heights, Va. The
'By J. A. Lurabard, editor of Snyder County Tribune.
regiment moved with the command towards
Fredericksburg, but did not get beyond Dum-
fries, where, with the rest of the First Brigade,
it went into winter-quarters.
In the spring of 1863 the regiment moved
with the corps and took part in the battle of
Chancellorsville, holding the extreme left flank
of the corps, with its left resting on the plank-
road in front of the Chancellorsville House, and
took an active part in the terrible conflict Sun-
day morning, sustaining a loss of two killed,
nine wounded (Lieutenant William H. Schroyer
dying from effect of injury sustained), and five
captured. In the engagement the officers and
men of Company G were especially mentioned
by Colonel Ario Pardee, Jr., for bravery, it
being their first engagement.
The company took part in the l)attle of
Gettysburg, July 1, 2 and 3, 1863, being
hotly engaged on the morning of the 3d ; met
a brigade of Johnston's division of Ewell's
corps at the right base of Gulp's Hill, but
owing to a very favorable position the loss in
the company was light, being three wounded.
September of the same year the regiment was
transferred to the Army of the Cumberland,
and being consolidated with other troojjs sent
out from the Army of the Potomac, was de-
nominated the Twentieth Army Corps, and
placed under the command of " Fighting Joe
Hooker."
November 24, 1863, the company took part
in the now historic " Battle Jibove the Clouds,"
on Lookout Mountain ; the next day it partici-
pated with Hooker's command at Missionary
Ridge ; on the 26th followed the skirmish of
Pea Vine Ridge ; and on the following day,
Nov. 27th, followed the bloody engagement
known as the battle of Ringgold, Ga. The
Confederates were commanded by General
Patrick Cleburne, who had undertaken to hold
tlie Union forces in check until Bragg's demor-
alized army could again be gotten into position,
and right nobly did he perform the task assigned
him In this engagement the company sus-
tained the loss of its gallant captain, Charles
S. Davis, who fell mortally wounded whilst
bravely leading his company into action. He
w"as an officer of promise, and M'as honored and
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
346
respected by officers and men ; in the engage-
ment Lientenant B. T. Parks was wounded, as
wiis Isaac J. Knopp. After these engagements
the company wintered at Bridgeport, Ahi.,
where it performed its full share of picket duty ;
went on reconnoissances to Jasper and Trenton,
and assisted in erecting a number of forts.
In the campaign of 1864 the company bore
its full share, participating in the battle of
Rocky-faced Ridge, May 8th ; Resaca, May
15th and 16th ; New Hope Church, May 25th
to June 4th ; Kenesaw Mountain, June 15th
to July 3d (this emljraced Marietta Cross-
Roads, Pine Mountain, Nose's Creek and Lost
Mountain) ; Peach Tree Creek, July 20th ;
siege and capture of Atlanta, July 24 to Sep-
tember 2, 1864. The company sustained a
loss of six killed and seven severely wounded,
besides a light number of slight casualties.
The company marched with " Sherman to
the Sea," and shared in all the sports and vicis-
situdes of that army. Marching through forest
and glen, over barrens and highly cultivated
plantations, wading through swamps and mo-
rasses, guided at nigiit by the glare of burning
buildings and during the day by clouds of
smoke, foraging on the enemy, living on the fat
of the land, virtually experiencing the truth of
the song, —
" How the turkeys gobbled which our commissary
found,
And how the sweet potatoes even started from the
ground."
Company G put in its appearance at Benton-
ville, and moved with Sherman's army to the
front, when Johnston surrendered to the com-
mander of the Union forces. From Raleigh,
N. C, the command marched to Washington,
D. C, via Richmond, where it participated in
the grand review.
Company G participated in upwards of twenty
battles and heavy skirmishes ; fought battles
in six different States ; marched oxvv five
thousand miles ; traveled through twelve
States of the Union ; and, by death and loss
in battle, buried fourteen of its members. The
company was mastered out of service near
Bladensburg, Md., on the 6th of June,
1865, and arrived at Selinsgrove, June
13, 1865, just thirty-three months from the
day it left for the scene of conflict. Among
the men detailed from the company for
positions of trust and responsibility were one
recruiting officer, one brigade staff officer, two
sergeant-majors, one (luartermaster-sergeant,
brigade and division commissary clerk, two
brigade orderlies, one sergeant of Pioneer Corps,
one captain commanding brigade, commissary
and quartermaster's guard, regimental postmas-
ter, regimental clerk, regimental bugler and
drum-major, and enjoys the distinction of being
the only three-year company from the county
that was entirely officered by Snyder County
men.
Captain Chakles Selix Davis was born
in Selinsgrove, Snyder County, Pa., February
4, 1827. He was a son of James K. and Mar-
garet Davis {nee Hummel). He was very
young when his father died, and hence from
the beginning and early in life he was taught
to depend upon his own resources. He had a
liberal education, which he acquired principally
by his own efforts. He had splendid natural
abilities, and after serving a short clerkship in
a wholesale house in Philadelphia, he entered
into the mercantile business in his native town,
in which business he continued until he laid
aside his peaceful avocation to defend his coun-
try. He was married, on March 3, 1852, to
Emma J. Smith, daughter of Rev. J. W. Smith,
of Selinsgrove, Pa. To them were born seven
children — three sous and four daughters — the
youngest being born after the flither had en-
tered the army. The names and addresses of
the children are as follows : Eva ]Margaret, in-
termarried with James A. Fuller, of Scranton,
Pa. ; John J., intermarried with Sophia Hav-
ighorst, of Lincoln, Neb. ; Maria Louisa, inter-
married with A. "\V. Potter, Esq., of Selins-
grove, Pa. ; Laura Cordelia, intermarried with
Charles P. Ulrich, Esq., of Selinsgrove, Pa. ;
Charles Ever, intermarried with Jessie Black,
of INIaryville, Mo. ; Anna Elizabeth, inter-
married with Wellington Housewerth, of Ma.son
City, 111. ; and James, of Lincoln, Neb. The
following are the names of the grandchildren,
viz. : Edith May Potter, Robert Davis Potter,
Bertha Davis Fuller, Selin Jay Fuller, Eva
346
. JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA
Davis Housewerth and Bessie Davis Ulrich.
In the summer of 1862, in response to the call
of" the President for volunteers, the subject of
this sketch organized a company of seventy-
five men, all of whom were young Snyder Coun-
tians. As captain of this company (see his-
tory of Company G, One Hundred and Forty-
seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers) he reported,
with his command, at Camp Curtiu, Harris-
burg, Pa., where it was immediately mustered
Vine Creek, and Ringgold or Taylor's Ridge,
Ga., in which last engagement he received his
fatal wound, while gallantly leading his com-
mand in a charge upon the enemy's works. He
was borne from the field by some of his men, and
expired on the evening of the same day, to wit,
November 27, 1863, surrounded by his brother-
officers and the men of his command. His re-
mains were sent home and interred in the ceme-
tery of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in his
into service for three years or during the war.
his commission as captain dating from Septem-
ber 22, 1862. From here the company was
ordered to Bolivar Heights, Va., where it was
assigned to the One Hundred and Forty-seventh
Regiment, First Brigade, Second Division,
Twelfth Army Corps. From this time he re-
mained in active service with his command,
and participated in the battles of Chancellors-
ville, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Pea
native town, where a beautiful monument, erect-
ed by a loving sister, marks his final resting-place.
His prepossessing appearance and martial bear-
ing and aptitude in military affairs at once won
the high respect and esteem of his regimental
officers, and his untiring devotion to the needs
of his men endeared him to all.
Company G. — The following is a list of
officers and men who served in Company G of
THE WAR FOK THE UNION.
347
the One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment
Pennsylvania Vohinteers :
Charles C. Davis, capt., must, in Sept. 22, 1862 ; died
Nov. 28th, of wounds received at Taylor's Eidge,
Ga., Nov. 27, 1863.
Nelson Byers, capt., must, in Sept. 16, 1862; pro.
from 1st lieut. March 26, 1864; must, out with
company June 6, 1865.
B. Theodore Parks, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ;
pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. Sept. 14, 1863 ;
to Ist lieut. March 26, 1864 ; wounded at Ring-
gold Nov. 28, 1863, and at Kenesaw Mountain,
Ga., June 28, 1864 ; must, out with company
June 6, 1865.
William H. Shroyer, 2d lieut., must, in Sept. 25, 1862 ;
died at Acquia Creek, Va., May 15, 1863.
Franklin M. Stuck, 1st sergt., must, in Sept. 20, 1862;
pro. from sergt. March 20, 1864; com. 2d lieut.;
not must. ; must, out with company June 6, 1865.
Elias Millhof}" sergt., must, in Sept. 20, 1862; pro.
from pri. April 5, 1863 ; must, out with com-
pany June 6, 1865.
John R. Reigel, sergt, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ;
wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863;
pro. from corp. March 20, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 6, 1865.
Michael S. Schroyer, sergt., must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ;
pro. to Corp. Sept. 1, 1863; to sergt. April 1, 1865;
must, out with company June 6, 1865.
Francis W. Wallace, sergt, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ;
pro. from corp. April 1, 1865 ; must out with
company June 6, 1865.
Henry W. Baker, sergt, must, in Sept. 15, 1862; died
at Dumfries, Va., April 4, 1863.
James E. Lloyd, sergt., must in Sept. 15, 1862 ; disch.
Oct 29, 1862.
George B. Townsend, sergt., must, in Sept 15, 1862 ;
disch. on surg. certif. July 13, 1863.
Isaac D. Whitmer, sergt, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ;
pro. to sergt.-maj. March 19, 1864.
Amantes Ely, sergt, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; pro.
to q.m.-sergt. Oct. 12, 1864.
Frederick H. Knight, sergt., must, in Sept. 20, 1862
pro. to sergt.-maj. April 1, 1865.
Frederick B. Ulrich, corp., must in Sept. 15, 1862
must, out with company June 6, 1865.
Joseph A. Lumbard, corp., must, in Sept. 16, 1862
pro. to Corp. Aug. 22, 1863 ; must, out with com-
pany June 6, 1865.
Joseph S. Ulsh, Corp., must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; pro.
to Corp. March 12, 1864; must, out with company
June 6, 1865.
Solomon Ajip, corp., must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; pro. to
corp. April 5, 1865 ; must, out with company
June 6, 1865.
Jacob Leiden, corp., must in Sept. 15, 1862 ; pro. to
Corp. April 1, 1865; must, out with company
June 6, 1865.
Samuel H. Bower, Corp., must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ;
wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863 ; ab-
sent, in hospital, at muster out.
George W. Von Neida, corp., must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ;
wounded in action; trans, to Co. I, Seventeenth
Reg. Vet. Res. Corps; disch. on surg. certif.
June 24, 1865.
Daniel W. Gross, corp., must, in Sept. 15, 1862; jiro.
to corp. March 20, 1864; absent, in hospital, at
muster out.
Jeremiah M. Malich, corp., must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ;
disch. on surg. certif. April 11, 1863.
Henry H. Shrader, corp., must in Sept. 15, 1862 ;
trans, to Fifteenth Regt. U. S. Army Oct. 29, 1862.
Antes Ulrich, mus., must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must.
out with company June 6, 1865.
Stephen Templin, mus., must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; disch.
by Gen. Or. May 26, 1865.
Lewis C. Shroyer, mus., must, in Sept 15, 1862 ; died
at Dumfries, Va., Jan. 17, 1863.
Privatest.
Jeremiah App, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
Henry Brown, must, in July 27, 1863 ; trans, to Co.
E May 18, 1865.
John F. Bingaman, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; absent,
in hospital, at muster out.
Joseph F. Bastian, must, in Oct. 28, 1862.
Charles Brown, must, in Aug. 5, 1863.
George Brown, must, in Aug. 5, 1863.
John W. Carver, must, in March 11, 1864; disch. Jan.
27, 1866, to date July 15, 1865.
Asa B. Churchill, must in Sept. 21, 1862; killed at
Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864 ; buried in Marietta
and Atlanta National Cem., Marietta, Ga., Sec-
tion A, grave 615.
Henry J. Doebler, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; wounded
at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to
Vet. Res. Corps Sept 7, 1863."
Daniel Ehrhart, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; died Aug.
16, 1864, of wounds received at Lost Mountain,
Ga. ; buried in National Cemetery, Nashville,
Tenn.
Edward Fisher, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
William E. Fausnaucht, must, in Sept. 15, 1862;
wounded in action; absent, in hospital, at muster
out.
George D. Griggs, must in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
Jacob Garman, must, in Sept. 20, 1862; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
Charles Grant, must, in Sept. 15, 1863; killed at
Kenesaw Mt., Ga., June 24, 1864.
William Heuninger, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must.
out with company June 6, 1865.
William H. Hebster, must, in Sept 15, 1862; must.
out with company June 6, 1865.
348
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Thomas Hebster, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
Allen Hassinger, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
Peter A. HufFer, must, in October 28, 1862 ; trans, to
Co. E May 18, 1865.
Uriah P. Haflcy, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; trans, to Co.
C, 15th Regt. V. R. C. ; disch. by G. 0. July 13,
1865.
Daniel W. Herbster, must, in Sept. 15, 1862; disch.
by G. O. July 15, 1865.
John P. Haas, mtist. in Sept. 15, 1862; died June 15,
1864, of wounds received at Lost Mountain, Ga.
Jeremiah Hathaway, must, in Sept. 15,1862; died
June 27th of wounds received at Resaca, Ga.,
May 15, 1864 ; buried in National Cemetery, New
Albany, Ind., sec. B., grave 587.
■Samuel Jarrett, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
Jacob Krebs, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out with
company June 6, 1865.
William S. Keller, must, in Sept. 15, 1862; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
Henry Kramer, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; trans, to Co.
H, 5th Regt. V. R. C. ; disch. by G. O. May 25,
1865.
Franlilin Knarr, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; missing in
action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863.
Daniel W. Kramer, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; trans, to
Co. H, 5th Regt. V. R. C, January 10, 1865;
disch. by G. O. July 5, 1865.
Peter Lalir, must, in Sept. 20, 1862; must, out with
company June 6, 1865.
Daniel B. Lahr, must, in Sept. 15, 1862.
John C. Long, must, in Sept. 15, 1862; wounded at
Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to
Vet. Res. Corps August 1, 1863.
Thomas Medbeater, must, in Aug. 4, 1863.
John T. Mark, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
John Milhofl", must, in Sept. 15, 1862; must, out with
company June 6, 1865.
Lewis M. MilhofF, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
Elias Miller, must, in Sept. 20, 1862; must, out with
company June 6, 1865.
Jeremiah Moyer, must, in Sept. 15, 1862; wounded at
Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
John Mull, must, in Sept. 15, 1862; wounded in ac-
tion ; absent, in hospital, at muster out.
Reuben Millei', must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; missing in
action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863.
John Matter, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; died at Acquia
Creek, Va., April 29, 1863.
Cyrus Marks, must, in Oct. 28, 1862.
Thomas McDonald, must, in Aug. 4, 1863.
William McFall, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; disch. on
surg. certif. May 3, 1864.
Isaac J. Napp, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; wounded at
Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1864; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
Jacob Nerhood, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
Elias Noll, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; wounded in ac-
tion; disch. by G. O. Sept. 22, 1865.
George Noaker, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; disch. by G.
O. May 26, 1865.
Calvin E. Parks, must, in Sept. 20, 1862 ; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
Martin L. Parks, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
William Powell, must, in Aug. 4, 1863.
John Reed, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out with
company June 6, 1865.
Isaac E. Reed, must, in Sept. 15, 1862; must, out with
company June 6, 1865.
Levi J. Romig, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out with
company June 6, 1865.
Jacob J. Reigle, must, in Sept. 15, 1862; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
Isaac B. Reed, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; disch. by G.
0. June 28, 1865.
William Raburn must, in Aug. 3, 1863.
Henry E. Shreffler, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
John K. Stuck, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out with
company June 6, 1865.
James W. Smith, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; must, out
with comfKiny June 6, 1865.
William Spade, must, in Sept. 20, 1862 ; must, out with
company June 6, 1865.
Jacob Swab, must, in Sept. 26, 1862 ; must, out with
company June 6, 1865.
Francis Smitli, must, in Aug. 4, 1863 ; trans, to Com-
pany E May 18, 1865.
Edward R. Smith, must, in Aug. 4, 1863 ; trans, to
Co. E May IS, 1865.
William E. Seeshultz, must, in Sept. 15, 1862; died at
Chattanooga, Tenn., of wounds received at Dal-
las, Ga., May 25, 1864.
John W. Swartz, must, in Sept. 15, 1862.
Jacob Searer, must, in Oct. 28, 1862 ; disch. on surg.
certif. Jan. 16, 1863.
Adam S. Sholly, must, in Sept. 15, 1862; disch. on
surg. certif. Oct. 13, 1863.
Michael ShaflTer, must, in Sept. 15, 1862; disch. July
15th for wounds received at Chancellorsville, Va.
William H. H. Shiffer, must, in Oct. 28, 1862 ; trans.
to Co. C, 18th Regt. Vet. Res. Corps., Aug. 1,
1863 ; disch. by G. 0. July 26, 1865.
James P. Ulrich, must, in Sept. 15, 1862; must, out
with company June 6, 1865.
Lot Ulrich, must, in Sept. 20, 1862; disch. by G. O.
May 23, 1865.
William A. Whipple, must, in Oct. 29, 1862 ; trans.
to Co. E, date unknown.
W. H. H. Waugheu, must, in Oct. 28, 1862.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
34!>
ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-NINTH REGIMENT.
The One Hundred and Forty-ninth Regiment
— being the first that was raised for the forma-
tion of a " Bucivtail Brigade," on the name and
fame of the original "Bucivtail Regiment" — had
in its rank a number of men (nearly half a com-
pany) of Perry County, and a much larger num-
ber recruited in Mifflin County. " The men
were well formed, of hardy habits, skilled in
the use of the rifle, and wore the buektail, as did
the men whose name they adopted." '
The regiment, having been organized under
command of Colonel Roy Stone, Lieutenant-
Colonel Walton Dwight and Major George W.
Speer, was suddenly ordered to the front to as-
sist in repelling the Confederate invasion of 1 862,
but on the retreat of the enemy from the fields
of South i[ountain and Antietam it did not at
once cross to Virginia in the pursuit, but re-
mained at the capital until February, 1863,
when it joined General Buruside's army on the
Rappahannock, and went into camp at White
Oak Church, where it was assigned to duty in
the First Army Corps, the brigade of which it
was a part being under command of Colonel
Stone, of the One Hundred and Forty-ninth.
On the 2Sth of April the regiment broke
camp and moved to the Rappahannock. Cross-
ing that stream, it marched to Chancellorsville,
arriving there on the morning of the 3d of May.
It was under fire during the whole of that day
and a part of the 4th, but suffered only slight
loss. On the 6th it recrossed the river and re-
turned to the old camp at White Oak Church,
where it remained till again put in motion to
move with the army to meet the Confederate
forces which were pressing forward under Gen-
eral Lee to the invasion of Pennsylvania. It
arrived within four miles of Gettysburg on the
evening of June 30th, and on the following day
reached the famous field, and took part in the
opening of the battle, when the heroic General
Reynolds fell. It was continually under fire
during the remainder of the battle, and with its
brigade " repelled the repeated attacks of vastly
superior numbers, and maintained the position
until the final retreat of the whole line." - Col-
' Bates. * Official report of General Doubleday.
ouel Stone, in command of the brigade, wa.s se-
verely wounded, and at night the Union troops
were forced to retire. Passing through Gettys-
burg, the regiment, with its brigade, was placed
in reserve at Cemetery Hill. On the 2d, towards
the close of the day, the division was ordered
to the assistance of the Second Coqis, but did
not then become closely engaged. Soon after-
wards the regiment took part in an attack on
the enemy at a point where the guns of a Union
battery had been taken. Two of them were
recaptured after a severe fight.
During the night the regiment remained on
the front line. It was relieved on the morning
of the 3d, but lay under a terrific fire of artil-
lery for many hours, until the ominous lull that
preceded the grand charge by eighteen thousand
of the flower of the Confederate army. The
losses of the regiment in the three days of battle
were two hundred and five killed and wounded
and one hundred and thirty-one missing, of
which latter nearly all were prisoners or killed
and wounded who fell into the hands of the en-
emy. Tlie greater part of the loss was sustained
in the first day's fight, in Colonel Stone's report
of which he said " nearly two-thirds of my com-
mand fell on the field."
After the campaign of Gettysburg the regi-
ment, being greatly reduced in numbers, was
not very actively engaged in the operations of
the summer and fall. Its winter-quarters were
made near Culpeper, where the strength of the
command was largely increased by accessions of
recruits and the returu of convalescents. On
the 4th of May, 1864, the regiment movetl with
the other troops, and crossing the Rapidau
at Germania Ford, entered the Wilderness,
where it became closely engaged ou the 5th,
losing heavily and being compelled to fall back
from the field. On the 6th the battle was re-
newed and the regiment again engaged, makino-
two gallant charges, and being repulsed and
compelled to fall back to the works. It ^ras in
this day's fight that the gallant General Wads-
worth was killed. The loss of the regiment in
the battles of the 5th and 6th was one hundred
and thirteen killed and wounded and ninetv-
three taken prisonei-s. On the 8th it fought at
Laurel Hill, holding its position all dav and
350
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
throwing up works at night. It fought again
on the lOtli, driving the enemy from his works,
and held the ground till night, losing in this
battle iifty-nine killed and wounded. On the
1 2th it was engaged in the furious battle at
Spottsylvania Court-House. It crossed the
North Anna River on the 23d, and late in the
afternoon of that day the enemy made an im-
petuous attack, before which the brigade gave
way and fell back to a more secure position,
which was held and fortified. In this fight the
regiment lost severely in killed and wounded.
The regiment took part in the eugagemeut at
Bethesda Church, on the 31st of May and 1st
of June, and during the succeeding four days
was continually uuder fire, though with but
light loss. It crossed the James River on the
16th of June, and on the 1 8th was engaged with
the enemy before Petersburg, taking and hold-
ing a position, and losing twenty-two killed and
wounded. From the crossing of the Rapidan,
May 4th, to the end of July the losses of the
regiment were two hundred and eighty-three
killed and wounded and one hundred and twen-
ty-two missing. On the 18th of August it
fought with its brigade at the Weldon Railroad,
losing nine killed and wounded and four miss-
ing. During September the regiment was held
in reserve, but went again to the front on the
1st of October, and on the 27tli took jjart in the
battle at Hatcher's Run. On the 7th of Decem-
ber it again took part in an advance on the
Weldon Railroad, and lost slightly in skirmish-
es with the Confederate cavalry. On the 6th of
February it fought at Dabney's ISIills, and was
again engaged on the 7th, driving the enemy
from his position. On the 10th it was with-
drawn from the front and ordered to Balti-
more, Md. From there it was sent, with the
One Hundred and Fiftieth Regiment, to Elmira,
N. Y., to guard the camps of the Confederate
prisoners at that place. In that duty the One
Hundred and Forty-ninth remained until the
close of the war, and was mustered out of ser-
vice June 24, 1865.
The following is the roster of the Perry
County men in the One Hundred and Forty-
ninth Regiment :
Francis B. Jones, capt., must, in Aug. 30, 1802, tiiree
years ; residence, Dun cannon ; pro. from 1st sergt.
March 25, 1863 ; wounded at Gettysburg July 1,
1863; and at Laurel Hill, Va., May 8, 1864; to
lieut.-col. 215th Eegt. P. V. April 6, 1865.
John T. Miller, 1st lieut., must, in Aug. 30, 1862,
three years ; residence, Duncannon ; wounded at
Gettysburg July 1, 1863 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to
2d lieut. March 25, 1863 ; to 1st lieut. May 25,
1865 ; mustered out with company Jane 24, 1865.
John J. Boyer, sergt., must, in Aug. 26, 1862, three
years ; residence, Newport ; pro. to corp. ; to
sergt. June 15, 1866 ; must, out with company
June 24, 1865.
John Graham, sergt., must, in August 26, 1862, three
years ; residence, Liverpool twp. ; pro. to corp.
April 17, 1864; captured at Wilderness, Va.,
May 5, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 12, 1865.
John Morris, sergt., must, in Aug. 22, 1862, three
years ; residence, Penn twp. ; jiro. to corp. ; to
sergt. March 27, 1864 ; captured at Wilderness,
Va., May 5, 1864; disch. by G. O. June 12, 1865.
Jacob A. Young, corp., must, in Aug. 22, 1862, three
years ; residence, Penn twp. ; pro. to corp. June
13, 1865 ; must, out with company June 24, 1865.
Thomas B. Jones, corp., must, in Aug. 30, 1862, three
years; residence, Penn twp.; pro. to corp.; died
at Philadelphia, July 25th, of wounds received
I at Gettysburg July 1, 1863.
Thomas J. Evans, musician, must, in Aug. 30, 1862,
I three years ; residence, Duncannon ; must, out
I with company June 24, 1865.
Privates.
David W. Coulter, must, in Aug. 18, 1863, three
years; residence. Greenwood twp. ; must, out with
company June 24, 1865.
Simon B. Charles, must, in Aug. 26, 1862, three
years ; residence, Liverpool twp. ; disch. on surg.
certif. December 9, 1862.
W. E. Clemson, must, in March 7, 1865, three years ;
residence, Juniata twp. ; must, out with company
June 24, 1865.
W. H. Ehrhart, must, in March 7, 1865, three years ;
residence, Tuscarora twp. ; must, out with com-
pany June 24, 1865.
Joseph Jones, must, in Aug. 25, 1862, three years ;
residence, Juniata twp. ; disch. on surg. certif.
Nov. 28, 1862.
D. P. Lefever, must, in Aug. 14, 1863, three years ;
residence, Juniata twp. ; wounded at Laurel Hill,
Va., May 8, 1864; disch. on surg. certif. Nov.
30, 1864.
Daniel Mutzebaugh, must, in Oct. 7, 1863, three
years ; residence, Penn twp. ; mustered out with
company June 24, 1865.
Alfred P. Miller, must, in Aug. 18, 1863, three years ;
missed in action at Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864.
O. G. Myers, must, in March 10, 1865, three years ;
residence, Juniata twp. ; must, out with company
June 24, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
361
Silas Potter, must, in Aug. 17, 1863, three years ;
residence, Wheatfield twp. ; missed in action at
Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864.
Thomas Styles, must, in Aug. l."), 1863, three years;
residence, Rye twp. ; missed in action at Wilder-
ness, Va., May 5, 1864.
John Smee, must, in Aug. 17, 1863, three years ; res-
idence. Rye twp. ; must, out with company June
24, isnr-,.
Henry Sharp, must, in Oct. 16, 1863, three years;
residence, Rye, twp. ; must, out with company
June 24, 186.5.
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH REGIMENT.
The One Hundred and Fiftieth Regiment
(" Biielvtails"), of which tlie field officers were
Colonel Langhorne Wister, Lieutenant-Colonel
Henry S. Huidekoper and Major Thomas
Chaniberlin, of l^nion County (the latter of
whom had served through the Peninsular cam-
paign as a captain in the Fifth Reserve Regi-
ment),' was raised in the summer of 1862, and,
soon after its organization at Camp Curtin, pro-
ceeded to Washington, where Companies D and
K were stationed at the Soldiers' Home as a
guard to the household of President Lincoln ;
and Company A at Soldiers' Rest, near the depot,
the remainder of the regiment upon Meridian
Hill, from which, by companies, it was sent to
various points in and near Washington on guard
<luty, in which they remained employed till
February, 1863, when the regiment (excepting
Company K, which remained as the President's
guard) moved to Belle Plain, where it was as-
signed to Stone's (Second) brigade of the Third
Division, First Army Corps. On the 2d of
May following, the regiment, with the corps,
moved, by forced march, to the field of Chan-
cellorsville, where, at daylight of the 3d, it took
position on the right of the line and threw up
.strong defensive works, which it ociaipied,
tliough not actively engaged, during the re-
mainder of the battle. On the 6th, with its
• " When the major received his commistion be was lying
in liospital, at Baltimore, of a severe wound received at
Charles City Cross-Roads ; but, learning that the enemy
via.» invading Maryland, instead of looking for his new
command, he sought out his old regiment (the Fifth Re-
serve) and fought with it through the fiery battles of South
Mountain and Antietam. It will thus be seen that the
field officers were well fitted for their duties.'' — Bates.
division, it recrassed the river and encamjKid
at White (Jak Church.
The first battle in which it can be said that
the regiment was actively engaged was that of
Gettysburg, on which historic field it arrived
about noon of July 1st, and very soon after-
wards was lying under a heavy fire of artillery,
which was continued for about two hours, and
was followed by an attack of infantry and a
successful charge against the Confederate line.
This was again followed by a withering fire
from the enemy's infantry and artillery, which
was resisted by the Second Brigade until
late in the afternoon, when it was com-
pelled to give way and retire to a new position
on Cemetery Hill, but losing many men (taken
prisoners) in the movement. After this change
of position it was not again actively engaged
in the battle, though it was .sent, in the night
of the 2d, to retake some artillery pieces (a dutv
which was successfully performed), and lay un-
der a heavy fire in the afternoon of the 3d,
with orders to be ready to charge the Confeder-
ate line. It was not ordered in, however, and
the repulse of the great charge of Pickett's
division ended the battle. In the three days'
conflict the loss of the regiment had been one
hundred and eighty-one killed and wounded
and seventy-one taken prisoners, a total of two
hundred and fifty-two out of about four liim-
dred and twenty, officers and men, with whom
it entered the fight. Among the wounded
were Major Chamberlin and Captain Wm. P.
Dougal, of Company D, both Union County
men.
After the battle of Gettysburg the regiment
(then but a skeleton) returned, with the division
and army, to Virginia, and, after several changes
of position, was posted at Warrenton Junction,
guarding the Orange and Alexandria Railroad,
until the early part of December, when it went
into winter-quarters at Culpeper.
On the opening of the spring campaign of
1 864 the regiment, with its brig-ade, crossed the
Rapidan among the first of the troops, and
took part in most of the movements and bat-
tles from that river to the crossing of the
James. On the oth and 6tli of May it was
heavily engaged in the Wilderness battles, sus-
352
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
taiuing serious loss, among which was that of
Captain Roland Stoughton, of Company D,
mortally wounded in the battle of the 5th. On
the 8th it fought at Laurel Hill, charging the
erfemy, with the entire division, through the
burning woods and losing severely. On the
10th, 11th and 12th it fought on the Spottsyl-
vania line, at a point knowu as the " Bloody
Angle." On the 23d it crossed the North
Anna River, and was immediately afterwards
attacked by a very heavy force of the enemy,
but held its ground successfully. On the 30th
of May, at Tolopotomoy, and on the 1st of June,
near Bethesda Churcli, it was engaged, with
heavy loss. Here it was transferred to the
First Division, under command of General
Griffin.
Crossing the James River, with the other
commands of the army, it arrived in front of
Petersburg June 16th, and on the 18th it be-
came engaged in a general battle, charging the
hostile works and exhibiting the greatest bra-
very and steadiness. From this time, through
all the long and dreary siege of Petersburg, the
regiment particijxited, almost without intermis-
sion, in the active operations of the investing
army. From the 18th to the 21st of August
it fought at the Weldon Railroad, taking many
prisoners, and on the 27th was again engaged
at Hatcher's Run. On the Gth of December,
with the entire corps, it again moved to the
Weldon Railroad on a raid of destruction,
which was successfully accomplished, about
twenty miles of the line being destroyed by the
heating and twisting of the rails. At the
close of this expedition it went into winter-
quarters. From this camp, on the 5th of Feb-
ruory, it marched, with its corps, to Hatcher's
Run, where the enemy was encountered and
driven to his defensive works. The fighting
at this point was continued for several days,
aud at the eud of that time the regiment was
relieved and sent to the rear, whence it was
transported to Elmira, N. Y., and there placed
on duty as a guard to the great number of Con-
federate prisoners of war there collected. In
this duty it remained until the close of the war,
and was mustered out of the service on the 23d
of June, 1865.
Company D, Union County. — In the One
Hundred and Fiftieth Regiment there were a
considerable number of Perry County men, and
one company, originally commanded by Cap-
taiu Henry W. Crotzer, was made up of men of
Union County. A list of officers and men of
this company is here given, viz. :
Captains.
Henry W. Crotzer. Roland Stoughton, died
William P. Dougal. May 27th, of wounds re-
John H. Harter. ceived at Wilderness,
S. H. Hiramelwright. Va., May 5, 1864.
First Lieutenant.
John A. Hauck.
Second Lieutenants.
Samuel G. Gutelius. James Cunimings.
Sergeants.
John Stennert.
Elias B. Weidensaul.
killed at Gettysburg
July 1,, 1863.
Corporah.
Joseph B. Ruhl, killed at
Gettysburg July 1,
1863.
William Donachy, killed
at Laurel Hill, Va.,
May 8, 1864.
Ephraim Campbell, died
at Washington, D. C,
George W. Barkdoll. Nov. 10, 1864.
William E. Henuings Joseph J. Gutelius, killed
killed at Gettysburg at Gettysburg July 1,
July 1, 1863. 1863.
Musician.
Abraham Kuhn, died at Washington, D.C., Dec. 21,
1862.
Privates.
Aaron Amnion. Simon Erdey.
John S. Bird. Henry A. Fees, killed at
MahlonBreyman. Gettysburg July 1,
Henry Browand. 1863.
Michael Brian. Jacob Fillman.
Jacob Boyer. Simon E. Foust.
Charles S. Buoy. John F. Fox.
James M. Chambers. Edward Garrett.
Adam Deal. Peter Grove.
Henry Deal. Fisher Gutelius.
John Deal, died of Charles H. Gutelius.
wounds received at John Hafer.
Hatcher's Run, Va., S. F. Hassenplug.
Feb. 5, 1865. Ammon L. Hauck.
Abraham Eberhart. B. Hoffmaster.
James Eberhart. D. R. Hottenstein.
Isaac Eisenhaur. William Hursh.
Samuel C. Ransom.
Samuel Kerstetter.
James W. Marshall.
Charles A. Frey.
Albert Forster.
Howard Ritter.
Samuel Ruhl.
Amos Browand.
William Eberhart.
George L. Murray.
John Donachy.
John M. Hunt.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
353
John Kaler.
Henry JI. Keifer.
.Iiinies Kuittle.
Wilson Lashells.
Isaac Linn.
Abraham Linn, died at
Washington, D. C.,Nov.
10, 1862.
James Lucas, killed at
Wilderness, Va., May
7, 18(U.
E. A. McFadden, killed
at Gettysburg, Pa.,
July ], 1863.
Charles E. Mader.
Simon Malehom.
Henry Master.
John May, killed at Get-
tysburg July 1, 1863.
William E. Miller, killed
at Gettysburg July 1,
1863.
Samuel Nagle.
Jacob Neese.
George F. Oberdorf.
David Paige.
Samuel W. Paul.
Nathan Pick.
Jacob D. Putzman.
Joel Reedy.
John Sarba.
Jonathan Seamen.
John Sedam, died at
Richmond, Va., Jan.
2, 1864.
Edwin ShafTer, died at
Elmira, N. Y., March
22, 186.').
Jacob Shell.
Hiram Smith.
Peter S. Stahl.
William Stable.
William Stitzer.
j\Iilton J. Stoutz.
Frank F. Trout.
Calvin Wirth.
Henry Wittenmyer.
George W. Weiser.
John Wolfe.
Isaac Zellers.
ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIE.ST REOIMEXT.
The One Himdred aud Fifty-first Regiment
(nine months') was recruited and organized in
the fall of 1862 at Camp Curtin. The com-
manding officer of the regiment was Colonel
Harrison Allen, of ^A'arren County, and the
lieuteuant-colouel was Ceorge F. McFarlaud,
of Juniata. Company D of this regiment was
recruited in Juniata County, and "was largely
composed of the instructors and students of
McAlisterville Academy, of which Lieutenant-
Colonel McFarlaud was the principal, and
there were in the regiment nearly a hundred
who had been school-teachers."'
The regiment left Harrisburg on the 2Gth of
November, 1862, and ]iroceeded to Washing-
ton, and from theuce crossed the Potomac into
Virginia, first camping at Arlington, and, a
few days later, marching to Alexandria and
Union ilills, more than twenty miles out,
where it was placed on picket and the duty of
watching the movements of guerrilla.?, who then
infested that region. In February following,
it was transferred from that duty, and marched
to Belle Plain, where it was attached to the
' Bates' " Hist. Pennsylvania Volunteers."
First Brigade of the Third (Doubleday's) Divi-
sion of General Reynolds' army corps. The
camp which it occupied at this place was a
very exposed one, and much sickness among
the members of the regiment was the result.
In the Chancellorsville campaign of 186.">
the regiment, with its divisions and corps,
crossed the river, on the 2d of May, at United
States Ford, and at once moved to the battle-
ground, to occupy that part of the line from
which the Eleventh Corps had been hurled by
the terrific onslaught of the forces of Stonewall
Jackson. During the heavy fighting of Sun-
day, the 3d, the regiment was posted between
Germania and Ely's Fords, confronting the
enemy, and much of the time under a very
heavy fire, but not otherwise actively engaged.
This position it continued to hold through the
remainder of the battle. Ou Wednesday, the
6th, it moved back to the north .side of the
Rappahannock, and encamped near White Oak
Church.
From this point it moved northward early
in June, and marched to meet the columns of
(General Lee's army in its invasion of iMaiT-
land and Pennsylvania. It reached Gettys-
burg on the 1st of July, just when Buford's
cavalry opened the battle. The regiment, then
under command of Lieutenant-Colonel ]\IcFar-
land, was at once placed in position on tlie left
of the corps line, and soon afterwards moved
forward into the conflict. Several changes of
position followed, and regiment after regiment
was forced back by the withering fire ; but the
One Hundred and Fifty-first steadfastly held
its place till more than one-half its number had
fallen, when it, too, was compelled to retire,
which it did with deliberation and in order,
taking a new position in the rear of the semi-
nary. This position was also found untenable,
and it then i-etreated somewhat precipitately
through the streets of the town, losing a num-
ber of men taken prisoners on the way, and
finally halting at Cemetery Hill, where, on its
arrival, its strength was only ninetv-two men,
though this was soon afterwards increased by
the coming in of about twenty men who had
been cut off during the retreat from the semi-
nary. In tliis new position the regiment re-
354
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
mained until nearly the close of the second
day's fight, when it was ordeied to the support
of the Third Corps ; but, in the confusion of
the field, it became separated from its com-
mand, and, with the Twentieth New York,
which was in a similar dilemma, it moved to
the left of the Second Corps, and took a posi-
tion which the two regiments held until the
afternoon of the following day, when they
moved rapidly in to help repel the final grand
charge of the Confederates, which closed the
battle.
The services and conspicuous gallantry ot
tiiis regiment in the great struggle at Gettys-
burg were thus set forth in the report of the
corps commander. General Abner Doubleday :
"At Gettysburg they won, under the brave Mc-
Farland, an imperishable fame. They defended the
left front of the First Corps against vastly superior
numbers ; covered its retreat against the overwhelm-
ing masses of the enemy at the seminary west of the
town, and enabled me, by their determined resist-
ance, to withdraw the corps in comparative safety.
This was on the first day. In the crowning charge
of the third day of the battle the shattered remains
of the One Hundred and Fifty-first Pennsylvania,
with the Twentieth New York State Militia, flui^g
themselves upon the front of the rebel column, and
drove it from the shelter of a slashing, in which it
had taken shelter from a flank attack of the Vermont
troops. I can never forget the services rendered me
by this regiment, directed by the gallantry and ge-
nius of McFarland. I believe they saved the First
Corps, and were among the chief instruments to save
the Army of the Potomac and the country from un-
imaginable disaster."
The losses of the regiment at Gettysburg
amounted to three-fourths of its total effective
strength, — sixty-six men and two officers being
killed, twelve officers and one hundred and
eighty-seven men wounded and one hundred
missing, out of a total of four hundred and
sixty-five men and twenty-one officers, with
whom it entered the fight. Among the wounded
were Lieutenant Benjamin F. Oliver, of Com-
pany D, and Lieutenant-Colonel George F.
McFarland, whose wound resulted in the loss
of one leg (which was amputated on the field)
and the severe mutilation of the other.
From the field of Gettysburg the remnant
of the regiment moved with the other trooj^s in
pursuit of the enemy, on the 6th of July, and
reached Williamsport, Md., just as the beaten
army of General Lee was commencing the pas-
sage of the Potomac into Virginia. Five days
later the One Hundred and Fifty-first, whose
term of enlistment had then nearly expired,
was relieved at the front, and moved to Har-
risburg, where, on the 27th, it was mustered
out of service and disbanded.
Company D, Juniata County. — Follow-
ing is a roll of the officers and enlisted men of
the Juniata County company of the regiment,
George F. McFarland, capt., must, in Oct. 24, 1862;
pro. to lieut.-col. Nov. 18, 1862.
Walter L. Owens, capt., must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; pro.
from sergt. Nov. 19, 1862 ; must, out with com-
pany July 27, 1863.
George S. Mills, 1st lieut., must, in Oct. 24, 1862;
must, out with company July 27, 1863.
Benjamin F. Oliver, 2d lieut, must, in Oct. 24, 1862;
wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863; must.
out with company July 27, 1863.
George W. Stover, 1st sergt., must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ;
absent, sick, at muster out.
John M. Kautfman, sergt., must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ;
must, out with company July 27, 1863.
Michael Gable, sergt., must, in Oct. 24, 1862; pro.
from Corp. Nov. 1, 1862; wounded at Gettysburg,
Pa., July 1, 1863 ; must, out with company July
27, 1863.
Abel C. Freet, sergt., must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; pro. from
pri. Nov. 19, 1862; killed at Gettysburg, Pa.,
July 1, 1863.
James M. Dunn, sergt., must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; killed
at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863.
Daniel S. Amich, sejgt., must, in Oct. 24, 1862.
Michael C. Bratton, corp., must, in Oct. 24, 1662 ;
wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863 ; absent
at muster out.
Davis Meredith, corp., must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ;
wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863 ; must.
out with company July 27, 1863.
George Zeigler, corp., must, in Oct. 24,1862; must.
out with company July 27, 1863.
David C. Westfall, corp., must, in Oct. 24, 1862;
absent, sick, at muster out.
J. B. Diffenderfler, corp., must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must.
out with company July 27, 1863.
Henry D. Conrad, corp., must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; pro.
to corp. Nov. 1, 1862 ; captured at Gettysburg,
Pa., July 1, 1863 ; must, out with company July
27, 1863.
Joseph M. Owens, corp., must, iu Oct. 24, 1862 ; pro.
to corp. Mar. 24, 1862 ; captured at Gettysburg,
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
356
Pa., July 1, 1863; must, out with company July
27, 1863.
George H. McCahren, corp., must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ;
killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863.
William C. Hittle, Corp., must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; pro.
to corp. Nov. 1, 1862; died at Belle Plain, Va.,
March 4, 1863.
John Furman, musician, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must.
out with company July 27, 1863.
Benjamin Stine, musician, must, in Oct. 24, 1862;
pro. to musician Dec. 5, 1862; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
Privates.
John Amich, must, in Oct 24, 1862; wounded at
Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
Benjamin Armstrong, must, in Oct. 24, 1862;
died of wounds reed, at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1,
1863.
George S. Amich, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must.
out with company July 27, 1863.
Samuel Amich, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
Aaron E. Bentley, must in Oct. 24, 1862; ab-
sent, sick, at muster-out; died July, 1863.
William Boyer, must, in Oct. 24 1862 ; wounded
at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863; absent in hos-
pital at muster-out.
Malch'm Buchanan, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; wound-
ed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1,1863; must, out with
company July 27, 1868.
Jacob M. Bay, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
Levi Brown, must, in Oct 24, 1862; died at Wind
Mill Point, Va., May 16, 1863.
Nathan H. Beiser, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; killed at
Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863.
S. Brady Caveny, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out
with company July 27, 1 863.
John T. Criswell, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
Isaac Colyer, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
Jethro Casner, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
John H. Cox, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
Isaac Dressier, must, in Oct. 24, 1862.
John E. Engle, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; absent, sick,
at muster-out.
Jerome Ehrenseller, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
Henry Fulgrot, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
Thomas Fritz, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
David Fry, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; killed at Gettys-
burg, Pa., July 1, 1863.
William Fritz, must, in Oct. 24, 1862.
Joseph George, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
Ephraim Guyer, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; wounded at
Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863; died, date un-
known ; buried in U. S. General Hospital Ceme-
tery, York, Pa., grave 32.
David Hakl, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; mustered out
with company July 27, 1863.
William H. Hunt, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; burial
record, died at Philadelphia, Pa., July 20, 1863.
John Holman, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
John Hamis, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; killed at Gettys-
burg, Pa., July 1, 1863.
David H. lugraham, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; killed at
Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863.
George S. King, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out
with eompany July 27, 1863.
Peter KaufFman, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
George Kneisley, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must out
with company July 27, 1863.
Thomas B. Landis, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; wounded
at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863 ; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
William H. Landis, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
Samuel Leister, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; killed at
Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863.
James P. K. Martin, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out
with com pan J' July 27, 1863.
John C. Marshall, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
Henry Martin, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must, out with
company July 27. 1863.
John Masham, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
Benjamin Metterling, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must.
out with company July 27, 1863.
John C. McKuight, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
.\lfred McCahren, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
William McGlaughlin, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; absent,
sick, at muster out.
Samuel Naylor, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; died, date
unknown, of wounds received at Gettysburg, Pa.,
July 1, 1863.
James Naylor, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
Benj. F. Naugle, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out
with company July 27, 1862.
Wm. P. Noble, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; wounded at
Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
John Naugle, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out with
company July 27, 1863,
356
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Peter A. Patticher, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
James S. Patterson, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
Henry S. Patterson, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; wounded
at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863 ; mustered out
with company July 27, 1863.
Jacob H. Peynolds, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
Ephraim Reynolds, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; absent,
sick, at muster out.
Isaac Smith, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; wounded at
Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863 ; mustered out with
company July 27, 1863.
Jacob Snyder, must, iu Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
Lorenzo Smith, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
Andrew Stoner, Jr., must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
Christian Speece, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
Samuel Suttor, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
Jos. Spiglemeyer, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
Wm. F. Stimeling, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
Peter Straub, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
Geo. Shivery, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
Wm. T. Wood, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
John Weller, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
Jacob Weidel, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
John Winegartner, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out
with company July 27, 1863.
Geo. Woodward, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; missing iu
action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 6, 1863.
John Westley, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; killed at
Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863.
Joseph Weller, must, in October 24, 1862 ; died near
Washington, D. C, June 14, 1863 ; buried in
Military Asylum Cemetery.
Joseph Yeigh, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out with
company July 27, 1863.
ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIRST REGIMFNT.
The One Hundred and Sixty-first Regiment
of the Penn.sylvania line, otherwise designated
as the Sixteenth Cavah-y organization of tiie
State, and universally admitted to have been
one of the most renowned cavalry regiments in
the service of the United States iu the war of
the Rebellion, was raised in the fall of 1862,
and composed of men from twenty counties of
the State of Pennsylvania. The rendezvous
was first established at Camp Simmons, near
H.iri'isburg, but was afterwards removed to
Camp McClellan, where the regimental organi-
zation was completed about the middle of No-
vember. The field-officers of the Sixteenth at
its organization were : Colonel, John Irvin
Gregg of Union County, a veteran of the
Mexican War and a line-officer in the regular
army;' Lieutenant-Colonel, Lorenzo D. Rod-
gers, of Venango County; Majors, William A.
West, of Fayette County, William H. Fry, of
Philadelphia, and John Stroup, of Mifflin.
One comjjany of this regiment (Company F,
Captain John K. Robinson, who was soon af-
terwards promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy),
was made up almost entirely of Juniata County
men ; and another company (" M," commanded
by Captain Ira R. Alexander, after the pro-
motion of its original captain, John Stroup, to
the grade of major) was composed largely of
men of Mifflin County, while men of Snyder,
Perry and Juniata Counties were also found
serving in this and other companies of the
regiment.
Ct)EONEL John K. Robinson, the subject of
this biographical sketch, figures conspicuously
in the part borne by Juniata County during the
war of the late Rebellion. His grandfather
was Alexander Robinson, a resident of Milford
townshijJ, in the latter county, whose children
were three sons and three daughters. Anu>ng
the sons was James Robin.son, who married
Jane Hardy, a lady of Irish lineage. Their
children were Alexander, Thomas, James, John,
William and Eleanor (Mrs. McCahan). John
was born on the 2d of February, 1793, in Mil-
' " Colonel Gregg had served in the Second Pennsylvania
Regiment in the Mexican War and afterwards in the
Eleventh United States Infantry, where he rose to the rank
of captiiin, and subsequently in the State militia. Soon
after the breaking out of the Rebellion, he was elected
colonel of the Fifth Regiment of the Reserve Corps, but
accepted instead a commission as captain in the Sixth
United States Cavalry, from which position, after having
passed through the campaigns of the Peninsula and of
Maryland, he was selected to command this regiment.'' —
Bates.
THE WAR FOR THE UNIOxN.
357
ford township, Mifflin County. The children
of this marriage were James (deceased), who
seived as quartermaster during tiie kite war,
married to Matilda Jeifreys; Joseph S., of Mil-
ford township, married to Elizabeth Burchfield;
and John K. The last-named son was born
July 17, 1829, in Milford township, and in
youth became a pupil of the neighboring j)ublic
school, where he received ordinary educational
advantages. Deciding upon farming as the
Colonel Robinson's military career began on
the 31st of July, 18G1, when, having organ-
ized, he assumed command of Company A,
First Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalry, proceed-
ing at once to Washington via Harrisburg.
His regiment was attiiched to the Pennsylvania
Reserves, under General McCall. He was sub-
sequently assigned to the Sixteenth Regiment
Pennsylvania Cavalry, and promoted to the
position of lieutenant-colonel of that regi-
vocation most congenial, he rendered his father
assistance in his varied labors and then pur-
chased of him the farm in Milford, which is
his present home. Here he has since been suc-
cessfully engaged in agricultural employments.
He was, in 1851, married to Isabella C,
daughter of Patrick IMcKennan, of the same
township. Their children are Albert I^., mar-
ried to Alma Ninian, who died in Idaho ; Wil-
liam S., deceased ; Emma J., deceased ; James
K., married to Kate Goshen ; Mary B.; Laura
I. ; Cora M., deceased ; and Ella May.
ment, which he commanded from May, 1863,
until the close of the war, receiving me;inwhile
the brevet as colonel and brigadier-general.
Among the most important engagements in
\\liich he served were those at Brandy Station,
Aldie, I'pperville and Middleburg, Gettysburg,
Shepherdstown, Wilderness, engagements in
front of Richmond, St. ]\Iary's Church, Cold
Harbor, Hawes' Shop, Dinwiddle Coin-t-House,
Five Forks, Sailor's Creek, Amelia Springs
and Farmville, beside many skirmishes. He
was wounded October 18(33, at Auburn Mills,
358
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
and again at Farmville April 7, 1865, return-
ing home ou furlough for a brief period on each
of these occasions.
Colonel Robinson received his discharge, after
a brilliant military experience, in July, 1865,
and at once resumed his farming enterprises.
He has been an important factor in the politics
of his county, and was, as a Republican, in
1867 elected Senator from the Eighteenth
Pennsylvania Senatorial District, and served on
where he pursued the shoemaker's craft, and
died September, 1854, in his seventy-fifth year.
He married Charlotte Hart, whose birth oc-
curred October 20, 1790, and her death Decem-
ber 7, 1881. The children of this marriage were
William, Annanias, John, Samuel H., Solomon
G., Jacob, Simonton, Sarah, Maria, Eliza,
Judith, Charlotte, Mary and Margaret.
Sarah married Abram Cleaver ; Maria mar-
ried Peter Orwin ; Eliza was united to Matthias
Ckyy-r2^tyij^yu ^^ ^n^-trurri/
several committees of consequence. Though
still active in the political arena, he has held no
other offices. As a member of Lieutenant
David H. Wilson Post, No. 134, G. A. R., he
manifests much interest in the organization.
His religious tenets are those of the Presbyterian
Church, his membership being with the church
at Mifflintown, of which he has been a trustee.
Captain Samuel H. Brown is the son of
Jacob Brown, who resided in Perry County,
Clay ; Judith to John Humes ; Mary^to^George
Clouser ; Margaret to William Lyttle ; and
Charlotte to Isaac Emory.
Samuel H. Brown was born on the 8th of
April, 1832, in Perry County, Pa., where, in
youth, he attended the common schools, but
gained far more knowledge by habits of close
observation than from books. He first en-
gaged in boating on the Pennsylvania Canal,
and was later employed as a watchman by the
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
359
Pennsylvania Railroad, which occupation was
continued until the beginning of the late war,
when he enlisted, and on the 9th of October,
1862, received the appointment as sergeant of
his company. He was, on the Gth of August,
1863, promoted to the first lieutenantcy of
Company F, Sixteenth Regiment Pennsylvania
Cavalry, and on the 15th of June, 1865, made
captain of the company. He participated in
thirty-six engagements of more or less import-
ance, among which were Kelly's Ford, Cul-
peper, Chancel lorsvi He, Aldie, Middleburg,
Upperville, Gettysburg, Shepherdstown, Robi-
son River, White Sulphur Springs, Auburn,
Bristoe Station, New Hope Church, Parker's
Store, Mine Run, Wilderness, Todd's Tavern,
Cold Harbor, Trevillian Station, St. Mary's
Church, Defense of Washington, Boydton Plank-
Road, Bellfield, Stony Creek and Petersburg.
At Middleburg he, with a well-directed shot,
killed the Confederate colonel of the Ninth
Virginia Cavalry, who was leading a charge
against the Federal forces.
He was discharged from the service on the
11th of August, 1865, and on his return entered
the Pennsylvania Railroad shops for a brief
period, after which he became inspector of cars
for the company. Being ambitious for more
active business, he engaged in running a mar-
ket car from Mifflintown to Philadelphia, and
afterward continued the same enterprise at
Lock Haven, to which place he removed.
In 1874, Captain Brown embarked in general
store-keeping, under the firm-name of Brown &
Wilson, eventually purchasing the interest of
his partner, and managing the business in con-
nection with his son.
He was, on the 4th of January, 1855, mar-
ried to Susan E., daughter of Thomas and
Mary Bittle, of Perry County, born October
22, 1833. Their children are William C.,
whose birth occurred October 18, 1855, and
Annie N., born February 4, 1858, who died
March 23, 1860.
Captain Brown was in politics a stanch
Republican. He was a member of the Town
Council, school director, etc., and held the ap-
|)ointment of enrolling officer during the be-
ginning of the war. He received, in 1874,
the commission as postmaster of Patterson,
which was held for a term of nine years. He
was a member of both the Masonic and Odd-
Fellows' fraternities, of the St. Mary's Com-
mandery of Harrisburg, of Lodge No. 42, of
Improved Order of Red Men, of Mifflintown,
and member of David H. Wilson Post, G. A. R.,
of which he was Post Commander. He sup-
ported and was an attendant upon the ser\-ices
of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Mif-
flintown.
Captain Brown's death occurred on the 10th
of January, 1884, in his fifty-second year, from
a wound received October 27, 1864, in a
skirmish while engaged with his company at
Boydton Plank-Road.
On the 30th of November the regiment pro-
ceeded to Washington, D. G, and was moved
thence to a camp near Bladensburg, Md. On
the 3d of January, 1863, it moved to the Rap-
pahannock, and went into winter-quarters near
the railroad bridge over Potomac Creek, being
assigned to duty with Averill's brigade, which
was then attached to the Army of the Potomac.
Its winter duty was severe, it being almost con-
tinually on picket duty on a line nearly eight
miles from the regimental camp. On the 17th
of jNIarch, 1863, the Sixteenth fought its first
battle at Kelly's Ford, on which occasion it oc-
cupied the right of the line and did its duty
well, though with slight loss.
In the spring campaign of 1863, which cul-
minated in the battle of Chancellorsville, the
Sixteenth was constantly active, the men being
almost continually in the saddle from the 13th
of April, when they left their winter-quarters,
until the 5th of May, when the Army of the
Potomac recrossed the Rappahaimock after the
disaster of Chancellorsville. During this time
the regiment skirmished with the enemy's
cavalry at Brandy Station (April 29th) and at
Ely's Ford (May 2d), but in these aftairs lost
only one man killed. On the 25th of May the
cavalry of the two armies were hotly engaged
at Brandy Station, but the Sixteenth, being
without saddles, did not take an active part in
the fight. On the 11th of June it was brigaded
with the Fourth Pennsylvania, Tenth New
York and First Maine R*>giments of cavalr}*,
360
JUI^IATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANL\.
forming the Second Brigade (under Colonel J.
I. Gregg) of the Second Division of the cavalry
corps under General Pleasontou.
The Confederate army under General Lee
was moving to the invasion of Pennsylvania,
and on the 13th of June the cavalry corps com-
menced the northward march which led to the
battle-field of Gettysburg. On the 18th, the
Sixteenth took the advance, and was compelled
to fight its way through nearly the entire day.
On the following day it was the same, the Six-
teenth fighting dismounted and taking the
enemy's positions one after another, but only
losing eleven killed and wounded. On the
21st the enemy again disputed the way, and
were driven in some disorder through Ashby's
Gap.
In the conflict at Gettysburg the regiment,
with its brigade, was partially engaged on the
2d of July, but suffered very slight loss. On
the 3d it was in line and under artillery fire,
but not actively engaged. In the pursuit of
Lee's retreating army, after the battle, it took
active part, and on the 16th of July, beyond
Shepherdstown, Ya., it stood in line for eight
hours, during a part of which time it bore the
weight of a fierce attack of the Confederate cav-
alry, losing twenty-one killed and wounded.
After the escape of General IjCC and the
crossing of the Army of the Potomac into Vir-
ginia, the Sixteenth took part in nearly all the
inarches, countermarches, skirmishes and fights
of the cavalry corps during the remain-
der of the year down to the movement against
the enemy's strong works at Mine Run, its ag-
gregate losses in these operations being quite
large. Among them was the loss of Captain
Ira W. Alexander, of Company M, killed
in the fight at Parker's Store, on the 29th of
November. After the abandonment of the
Mine Run campaign it recrossed the Rapidan
and encamped near Bealton Station. From the
21st to the 31st of December it was employed
with the brigade in an expedition to Luray, where
some factories and a large amount of Confeder-
ate stores were destroyed. Immediately after
this it took part in a i-aid to Front Royal, from
which it returned by way of Manassas Gap,
and about the middle of January, 1864, went
into winter-quarters at Turkey Run, near War-
renton.
In the spring campaign of 1864 the brigade,
of which the Sixteenth was a part, crossed the
Rapidan and entered the Wilderness with the
Second Corps of the Army of the Potomac. It
became engaged on the 6th of May, and again
on the 7th, when the Sixteenth fought dis-
mounted, and bravely held its position against
determined attacks of the enemy. On the 8th
eight companies of the regiment, mounted,
charged with the sabre, suffering considerable
loss. On the yth the cavalry, under General
P. H. Sheridan, moved around the right flank
of Lee's army, destined for a raid against
Richmond. A large number of Union prison-
ers on their way from the Wilderness battle-
grounds to the .Southern prisons were released,
and the cavalry column destroyed immense
quantities of stores at the Beaver Dam Station
of the Richmond and Potomac Railroad. On
the morning of the 11th, at Hanover Church,
the enemy attacked furiously, but was repulsed.
In the fighting of that day the Confederate
cavalry general, J. E. B. Stuart, was killed.
On the 12th, at daybreak, the Union cavalry
entered the outer works of Richmond, but the
position could not be held. The enemy
closed in overwhelming numbers on three sides
of the Union force, whose situation became
hourly more critical, but Sheridan released him-
self by desperate fighting, and, crossing the
Chickahominy, rejoined the main army on the
25th of May."
A movement by Gregg and Merritt down the
Pamunkey, on the 26th, resulted in a heavj'
engagement at Hawes' Shop in the afternoon of
the 28th, in which action the Sixteenth lost twen-
ty-four killed and wounded. A few days later
the regiment, with its brigade, accompanied Sheri-
dan in his expedition towards Lynchburg, and in
a sharj) fight which resulted at Trevillian Station
the Sixteenth lost sixteen killed and wounded.
Unable to reach Lynchburg, Sheridan turned
back and made his way to \Miite House, on the
Pamunkey, fnim which place, with his own
train and eight hundred additional wagons be-
longing to the Army of the Potomac, he marched
on the 25th of June for the James River. The
THE WAK FOR THE UNION.
361
enemy was determined to capture the trains, if
poS!<ible, and for that purpose made a most des-
perate assault, in greatly superior numbers, at
St. Mary's Church, but were repelled and finally
driven back by Gregg's command, which cov-
ered the right on the roads leading from Rich-
mond. In this engagement the Sixteenth took
prominent part, and fought with its customary
stubbornness and gallantry, repelling repealed
charges of the enemy. Crossing the James, the
command was sent on the 1st of July to the re-
lief of General Wilson, who was in a critical
situation on the Weldon Railroad, but he es-
caped from his perilous position without assist-
ance.
Late in July the regiment, with its division
and a column of infantry, recrossed the James
on a reconnoissance in force, in which the Six-
teenth became engaged near Malvern Hill,
charging, and lost nine killed and wounded.
The expedition returned on the 30th. About
the middle of August the division again
crossed to the north side of the James, and
fought at Deep Run and White's Tavern. In
the latter fight the Sixteenth lost thirty-one
killed and wounded out of a total of less than
two hundred men which it took in. Again, on
an expedition to the Weldon Railroad, it was
engaged on tiie 23d, 24th and 25th of August,
losing in the three days' skirmish twelve killed
and wounded. On the loth and 16th of Sep-
tember it was again skirmishing with the
enemy's cavalry near Poplar Spring Church.
About this time the regiment M'as armed with
the Spencer repeater in place of the Sharp's
carbine previously used. On the 27th of Oc-
tober it was heavily engaged at Boydton Plank-
Road, losing thirty-one killed and wounded.
Fi'om the 1st to the 7th of December it was
engaged in raiding along the Weldon Railroad,
but suffered no loss. On the 12th it returned
to camp and soon after went into winter-quar-
ters at Hancock's Station. During the winter
(February Gth) it fought in the battle of
Hatcher's Run, dismounted, and sustained a
loss of fifteen killed and wounded. Among
the latter was Captain Henry H. Wilson, of
Company F.
In the closing campaign of 1865 the Six-
teenth, like the rest of the cavalry, was in con-
stant activity. On the 31st of March, in an
engagement at Dinwiddle Court-House, it lost
eighteen killed and wounded, among the latter
being Captain Frank W. Heslop, of Company
M. In the fight at Five Forks, April 2d, it
lost seven killed and wounded. On the 5th, at
Amelia Springs, and on the Gth, at Sailor's
Creek, its loss was eighteen killed and wounded.
After the surrender of Lee (April 0th) the
regiment was moved to Petersburg, and thence
to North Carolina, to support the advancing
columns of Sherman, but soon returned, and
was sent to Lynchburg to guard the captured
stores and preserve order. It remained there
till the beginning of August, when it was
moved to Richmond, and there mustered out of
the service on the 7th of that month. Lists of
officers and enlisted men of the Juniata and
MifHiu County com])auies are here given.
Company F, Juniata County. — The fol-
lowing served in Company F of the One Hun-
dred and Sixty-first :
John K. Robison, capt., must, in Oct. 10, 1862; pro.
to lieut.-col. Aug. 7, 1863.
Henry H. Wilson, eapt., must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ;
pro. from 1st sergt. to 1st lieut. Nov. 20, 1862 ;
to capt. Nov. 1, 1863 ; wounded at Hatcher's
Run, Va., Feb. 6, 1865 ; diseh. May 18, 1865.
Frank A. Baker, capt., must, in Aug. 1!>, 1861 ; disch.
July 27, 1865.
James K. Robison, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 22, 1862 ;
pro. to q.m. Nov. 20, 1862.
Samuel H. Brown, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ;
pro. from q.m. -sergt. Nov. 1, 186:i ; com. capl.
May 23, 1S65 ; not mu.-;t. ; trans, to Co. C July
24, 1865.
William H. Billmeyer, 2d lieut., must, in Oct. 10,
1862 ; died July 6, 1863 ; buried in Military Asy-
lum Cemetery, D. C.
Abel D. Hilborn, 2d lieut., must, in Sept. 20, 1862;
pro. from sergt. Dec. 10, 1864 ; com. 1st lieut. May
23, 1865 ; not must. ; trans, to Co. G July 24, 1865.
Isaac Drake, 1st sergt., must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
John H. Morrison, 1st sergt., must, in Sept. 26, 1862;
pro. from sergt. to q.m.-sergt. Jan. 1, 1864 ; to 1st
sergt. Jan. 1, 1865 ; com. 2d lieut. Co. D Feb.
13, 1865, and 1st lieut. April 4, 1865 ; not must. ;
disch. by G. 0. June 17, 1865.
Jacob Lemon, 1st sergt., must, in Sept. IS, 1862 ; pro.
to sergt. Oct. 10, 1862 ; to 1st sergt. Nov. 16, 1863 ;
to veterinary surgeon Jan. 1, 1865.
362
JUJNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Henry Dedaker, q.m.-sergt., must, in Oct. 4, 1861 ;
must, out with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Andrew Tyson, q.m.-sergt., must, in Sept. lU, 1862;
com. 2d lieut. May 23, 1865; not must. ; disch.
by G. O. Aug. 19, 1865.
John D. Folloner, q.m.-sergt., must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ;
pro. reg. com.-sergt. Jan. 1, 1864.
Edwin W. Cooper, com.-sergt., must, in Oct. 26, 1863 ;
pro. to com.-sergt. Jan. 1, 1865; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Peter Ubil, com.-sergt., must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; pro.
from Corp. Nov. 5, 1862 ; disch. by G. O. June
17, 1865.
Eichard Doyle, com.-sergt., must, in Oct. 3, 1862 ;
disch. on surg. certif. April 9, 1863.
Isaac S. Weaver, sergt., must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ;
must, out with company Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
Chas. H. Lippencott, sergt., must, in Aug. 21, 1861 ;
pro. to sergt. Jan. 1, 1865 ; must, out with com-
pany Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
Wm. McClure, sergt., must, in Sept. 3, 1861 ; pro. to
sergt. April 6, 1865 ; must, out with company
Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Peter Haushaw, sergt., must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; pro.
from corp. April 12, 1863; disch. by G. O. July
24, 1865.
Saml. C. Morrow, sergt., must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; pro.
from Corp. Nov. 1, 1863 ; to sergt. Jan. 1, 1865;
disch. by G. O. July 24, 1865.
Thos. H. Nogle, sergt., must, in Oct. 3, 1862 ; pro. to
Corp. Jan. 1, 1865 ; to sergt. June 17, 1865 ; disch.
by G. O. July 24, 1865.
James B. Murray, sergt., must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; pro.
from private June 17, 1865; disch. liy G. O. July
24, 1865.
Luke Davis, sergt., must, in Sept. 18, 1862; pro.
from corp. March 1, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June
17, 1865.
W. O. Cunningham, sergt., must, in Sept. 18, 1862;
pro. to corp. Nov. 5, 1862 ; to sergt. April 1, 1864 ;
disch. by G. O. June 17, 1865.
W. K. Applebaugh, sergt., must, in September 18,
1862 ; not on muster-out roll.
.Jacob R. Deitrick, sergt., must, in Sept. 18,1862;
trans, to U. S. army Nov. 7, 1862.
David S. Robertson, sergt. must, in Sept. 20, 1862 ;
died at Newton Hamilton, Pa., Jan. 1, 1863.
Henry Elmer, sergt., must, in Sept. 18, 1862; died at
Washington, D. C, Feb. 20, 1864.
Chas. Schnoupflel, corp., must, in Aug. 21, 1861 ;
must, out with company Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
John M. Roberts, corp., must in Sept. 2, 1861 ; pro.
to Corp. Jan. 1, 1865; must, out with company
Aug. 11, 1865.
Chas. A. Cox, corp., must, in June 3, 1863 ; pro. to
Corp. Jan. 1, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug.
11, 1865.
Edw. McWilliams, corp., must, in Sept. 3, 1861 ; pro.
to corp. Jan. 1, 1865; must, out with company
Aug. 11,1865; veteran.
Thos. Markley, corp., must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; pro. to
corp. March 1, 1865 ; must, out with company
Aug. 11, 1865: veteran.
George Best, corp., must, in Aue;. 19, 1861 ; pro. to
corp. July 1, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug.
11, 1865 ; veteran.
Wm. K. Rudolph, corp., must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; pro.
to corp. May 1, 1865; must, out with company
Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
John Notestine, corp., must, in Oct. 7, 1862; pro. to
corp. June 17, 1865 ; disch. by G. O. July 24,
1865.
Samuel Miller, corp., must, in Oct. 3, 1862 ; pro. to
corp. June 17, 1865; disch. by G. O.July 24,
1865.
Thos. S. Irwin, corp., must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; pro. to
corp. June 17, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. July 24, 1865.
Jas. P. Fulmer, corp., must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; pro. to
corp. June 17, 1865; disch. by G. O. July 24,
1865.
Thos. Yeager, corp., must, in Sept. 18, 1862; pro. to
corp. Nov. 16, 1862 ; disch. by G. O. July 17,
186.5.
John W. Masterson, corp., must, in Sept. 26, 1862 ;
pro. to corp. April 1, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. July
17, 1865.
Thos. A. Morrow, corp., must, in Sept. 26, 1862 ; pro.
to corp. Oct. 1, 1864; disch. by G. O. July 17,
1865.
Wm. S. Varner, corp., must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; pro.
to corp. Nov. 1, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 17,
1865.
A.M. Cunningham, corp., must, in Sept. 18, 1862;
pro. to corp. Nov. 1, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. July
17, 1865.
James K. Kennedy, corp., must, in Sept. 18, 1862;
trans, to V. R. C. ; disch. by G. O. June 26,
1865.
William Nisely, corp., must, in Sept. 18, 1862;- disch.
on surg. certif. Dec. 6, 1863.
N. A. Messimer, bugler, must, in Aug. 1, 1861 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
.John Cassady, bugler, must, in Aug. 21, 1861 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Chas. F. Ringgold, blacksmith, must, in July 23,
1861 ; mustered out with company Aug. 11, 1865 ;
veteran.
Samuel Noel, artificer, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; disch.
by G. O. June 17, 1865.
Michael Young, farrier, must, in Oct. 10,1861 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Jordan Krimniel, farrier, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ;
trans, to U. S. A. Nov. 9, 1862.
Henry Y. Gable, farrier, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; trans.
to Co. G, date unknown.,
Chas. Fridell, saddler, must, in Sept. 22, 1861 ; pro. to
THK WAK FOR THE UNION.
363
saddler Jan. 1, 1865 ; mustered out with company
Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
John MehatRe, saddler, must, in Sept. 25, 1862; cap-
tured in action March 1,1864; died at Ander-
sonville, Ga., Sept. 8, 1864, grave 8134.
Privates,
Samuel A. Banks, must, in March 3, 1865 ; must,
out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Edmund Barns, must, in Dec. 31, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
William E. Buck, must, in Sept. 3, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Charles Berterant, must, in Jan. 19, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Henry Boymyer, must, in Feb. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
David Brownell, must, in Oct. 6, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Edmond Burke, must, in .Jan. 8, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
George Burns, must, in Dec. 28, 1863 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Condie Bonner, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; absent, sick,
at muster out ; veteran.
Bernhart Blozer, must, in March 31, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Henry Bontz, must, in Aug. 22, 1862 ; disch. by G. O.
May 15, 1865.
Jacob Beidler, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; disch. by
G. O. June 17, 1865.
George H. Brillinger, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; not on
muster-out roll.
Charles Bower, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; trans, to Co.
G, date unknown.
John Baylor, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; not on muster-
out roll.
Henry Bowersox, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; died June 11,
1864.
George Battou, must, in Oct. 3, 1862 ; died at Wash-
ington, D. C, Aug. 9, 1864.
John Batton, must, in Oct. 3, 1862; trans, to Co. G,
date unknown.
Charles Conway, must, in Feb. 18, 1864 ; absent,
sick, at muster out.
Alphonso Carrell, must, in June 3, 1863 ; missing in
action June 24, 1864.
Alvin S. Corle, must, in Feb. 18, 1865 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Thomas B. Cosner, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; disch. by
G. O. June 17, 1865.
Henry S. Coder, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; captured;
died at Richmond, Va., Nov. 23, 1863.
Daniel Coder, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; died June 10,
1864, of wounds received in action ; buried in
National Cemetery, Arlington.
John H. Casner, must, in Oct. 9, 1862 ; trans, to Co.
G, date unknown.'
Henry Dietrick, must, in Aug. 24, 1861 ; absent,
wounded, at muster out ; veteran.
Amos W. Dildine, must, in Feb. 1, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
David Duffield, must, in Sept. 5, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865; vet.
Timothy Dunovan, must, in Feb. 17, 1865; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Dallas Dribelis, must, in Feb. 21, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Andrew J. Dillman, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; disch'd
by General Order .June 17, 1865.
Thomas W. Dewees, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; trans.
to Vet. Res. Corps; disch. by General Order
July 3, 1865.
Thomas W. Evans, must, in Feb. 15, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
James E. Evans, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; died at Har-
risburg. Pa., Nov. 21, 1862.
Adolph Engler, must, in Jan. 30, 1864; killed at
Deep Bottom Va., Aug. 16, 1864.
Charles Fisher, must, in March^ll, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
James P. Forsythe, must, in Feb. 10, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
James Fuller, must, in Feb. 17, 1865 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Owen Funis.
William H. Fisher, must, in Sept. 18,1862; disch.
by General Order June 17, 1865.
John C. Fox, must, in Oct. 7, 1862; died at Alexan-
dria, Va., Aug. 21, 1863, grave 920.
Abraham Francis, must, in Oct. 3, 1862 ; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown.
John C. Gaston, must, in March 4, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
John Goodlander, must, in March 19, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Thomas D. Garman, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; pro. to
regt'l q. m.-sergt. July 1, 1863.
William Gay, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; tr. to Co. G.,
date unknown.
Jacob Ciarman, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; died Sept. 3, 1864.
William Hallett, must, in Oct. 20, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Peter Hamilton, must, in July 19, 1864.
James H. Heiser, must, in Aug. 21, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865; vet.
Thomas T. Higgins, must, in Feb. 25, 1865; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Michael Hottman, must, in Feb. 28, 1S65 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
James Hogan, must, in Feb. 17, 1865 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Elias Driskol, must, in Sept. 19, 18t;4 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
John AV. Heath, must, in Feb. 24, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
364
JUNIATA AiND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Samuel Hale, must, in Feb. 13, 1864 ; disch. on surg.
certif. July 27, 1865.
John Hawk, must, in Feb. IG, 1865 ; discli. by G. O.
June 17, 1865.
Stewart B. Hostler, must, in Sept. 26, 1862; discli. by
G. 0. June 17, 1865.
Joseph M. Hubler, must, in Sept. 26, 1862 ; not on
muster-out roll.
S. P. Humbarger, must, in Sept. 18, 1863 ; killed at
Hawes' Shop, Va., May 27, 1864.
James Harter, must, in Oct. 3, 1862; trans, to U. S.
army Nov. 9, 1862.
Titus Harry, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; discharged on
surg. certif. April 4, 1863.
David D. Himebaugh, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; killed
at Boydton Plank-Road, Va., Oct. 27, 1864.
John B. Hopple, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown.
George N. Hoffman, must, in March 1, 1864; captured
July 18, 1864 ; died at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 22,
18(;4.
William Jones, must, in Aug. 15, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Thomas Jones, must, in Feb. 25, 1865.
Jerome K. Jones, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; not on mus-
ter-out roll.
Isaac Jones, must, in Sept. 19, 1862; disch. on surg-
certif. Jan 20, 1863.
William J. Johnston, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; transf. to
Co. G, date unknown.
Charles Kuvier, must, in April 1,1865; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Isaiah Kocker, must, in Feb. 28, 1865; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Levi Kissinger, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; disch. by G.
O. June 17, 1865.
John Kelley, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; died at Potomac
Creek, Va., Jan. 22, 1863.
Patrick Kelley, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; killed at Boyd-
ton Plank-Koad, Va., Oct. 27, 1864.
John Kreamer, must, in Feb. 20, 1864 ; died at Wash-
ton, D. C, March 29, 1864.
Joshua Lupole, must, in Feb. 1, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Edward Lankford, must, in July 19, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
William W. Lichty, must, in July 17, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
John Lindsay, must, in Aug. 22, 1861 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Alfred Lobough, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; disch. by G. O.
July 1, 1865.
Simon P. Logan, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; disch. by
G. O. June 17, 1865.
Thomas S. Laird, must, in March 2, 1865 ; died April
22, 1865 ; buried in Poplar Grove National Cem-
etery, Petersburg, Va., diw D, sec. A, grave 33.
Gustavus Martin, must, in March 3, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Alfred Maxey, must, in Aug. 21, 1861 ; must out with
company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Daniel Messner, must, in Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
J. C. Miller, must, in March 3, 1865 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
John Micher, must, in Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Isaiah Michener, Jr., must, in Feb. 24, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Samuel Murphy, must, iu Sept. 18, 1862; disch. by
G. O. June 17, 1865.
James C. Martin, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; disch. by
G. O. June 17, 1865.
Lewis Miller, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; trans, to U. S.
army Nov. 9, 1862.
Samuel Mitchell, must, in Oct. 3, 1862 ; disch. on
surg. certif. July 27, 1863.
George W. Miller, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; trans, to
U. S. army Nov. 9, 1862.
James A. Meloy, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; disch. on
surg. certif. April 9, 1863.
Samuel T. Morehead, must, in Feb. 27,1864; died
April 18, 1864.
Henry McGlynn, must, in April 1, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Samuel McMillen, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; disch. by
G. O. June 17, 1866.
Samuel McNew, must, in Sept. 18,1862; disch. on
surg. certif. March 9, 1863.
Charles McNew, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; not on mus-
ter-roll.
Andrew McMillen, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; died
Dec. 30, 1864.
Robert McCracken, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown,
.lohn McDonough, must, in Dec. 29, 1863 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
J. P. Naugle, must, in Feb. 25, 1864 ; disch. by G. O.
Aug. 18, 1865.
Alfred Nickle, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; disch. by
G. O. May 15, 1865.
E. W. Pennebaker, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; disch. by
G. O, June 17, 1865.
William H. Pierce, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; trans, to
U. S. army Nov. 9, 1862.
.las, R. Quinn, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; disch. by G.
O. June 17, 1865.
David Roberts, must, in July 20, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865,
John Riley, must, in Oct. 18, 1864.
Jonas Row, must, in Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865,
Ferdinand F, Rohm, must, in Sept, 18, 1862 ; pro. to
chief bugler July 1, 1863.
Christian R. Reichart, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; disch.
on surg. certif, July 29, 1863.
John S. Reed, must, in Feb. 24, 1864; died Sept. 1,
1864; buried in Nat. Cem., Arlington, Va.
THE WAR FOK THE UNION.
365
David A. Reed, must, in Oct. 3, 1862 ; died April 29,
1864 ; buried in Nat. Cem., Culpeper C. H.,
block 1, sec. A, row 1, grave 19.
Thos. J. Reed, must, in Oct. 7, 18G2 ; trans, to Co,
G, date unknown.
James Sauseman, must, in Feb. 17,186.i; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Zeba B. Smith, must, in Feb. 14, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Cornelius Sullivan, must, in Aug. I'J, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Joseph Sloau, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; absent, wound-
ed, at muster-out; veteran.
George W. Smith, must, in Feb. 17, 1865; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Chas. Stephens, must, in Feb. 16, 1865; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Richard Steepy, must, in Aug. 21, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Chas. Schweitzer, must, in Feb. 4, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Nathan Sterner, must, in Feb. 23, 1865; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Joseph Stine, must, in Sept. 19, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Wm. C. Stokes, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; absent, sick,
at muster-out; veteran.
Samuel Simpson, must, in Sept. 26, 1862 ; discb. by
G. O. June 15, 1865.
Ellis S. Stewart, must, in Sept. 26, 1862 ; disch. by
G. 0. May 31, 1865.
Henry Sheesely, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; disch. by G.
6. June 17, 1865.
Heniy Saylor, must, in Oct. 3, 1862; disch. on surg.
certif. April 9, 1863.
Wm. Shoft; must, in Oct. 3, 1862 ; transf. to Co. G,
date unknown.
David A. Snyder, must, in Oct. 3, 1862 ; transf. to Co.
G, date unknown.
Thos. Thornton, must, in Feb. 16, 1865; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Lewis M. Tucker, must, in Aug. 21, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865; vet.
Samuel Thompson, must, in Feb. 7, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Casper Tshopp, must, in Oct. 8, 1863 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Jacob Tyson, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; sub.; disch. by
G. d. June 17, 1865.
William H. Taylor, must, in Oct. 7, 1862 ; transf. to
Co. G, date unknown.
George Ulsh, must, in Sept. 1, 1862; disch. by G. O.
June 9, 1865.
John Underwood, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; disch. by
G. O. June 17. 1865.
James M. Van Dyke, must, in March 18, 1864; disch.
by G. O. June 5, 1865.
Benjamin Wilker, must, in Feb. 7, 1865; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Henry D. Waterson, must, in Feb. 9, 1865 ; abs., in
hosp., at muster out.
Samuel Walton, must, in Feb. 8, 1865; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Robert Wallace, must, in Feb. 23, 1865; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
William Worthington, must, in Feb. 24, 1865 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Charles P. Wells, must, in Sept. 17, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865; vet.
Ednmnd D. Warner, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; disch.
by G. O. June 17, 1865.
Jacob Webely, must, in Oct. 3, 1862 ; disch. on .surg.
certif. April 9, 1863.
Frederick Yantsh, must, in March 3, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Jonah Yoder, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; disch. by G. 0.
June 17, 1865.
The following persons who resided in Juniata
County were also members of the Sixteenth
Cavalry, but in other companies :
Bell, William.
Bequeath, Enoch.
Bequeath, William.
Bequeath, Solomon.
Calhoun, Wm. H.
Cokendaffer, George.
Colyer, Elias.
Dunn, Joseph.
Earnest, John.
Graham, Wm. P.
Laird, Samuel.
McCahan, Ephraim.
Montelius, Timothy.
Swanger, Samuel.
Co.MPANY M, Mifflin Couxty. — The fol-
lowing served in Company M of the One Hun-
dred and Sixty-first :
John Stroup, capt., must, in Oct. 30, 1862 ; pro. to
maj. Nov. 15, 1862.
Ira R. Alexander, capt., must, in Sej). 24, 1862 ;
pro. from 1st lieut. Nov. 18, 1862; killed at Park-
er's Store, Va., Nov. 29, 1863.
Frederick W. Heslop, capt., must, in March 1, 1862 ;
pro. from 1st sergt. Dec. 17, 1864 ; wounded at
Dinwiddle Court-House, Va., March 31, 1865;
trans, to Co. G, July 24, 1865; veteran.
Thomas I. Gregg, capt., must, in June 24, 1865 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Charles W. Jones, 1st lieut., must, in Oct. 30, 1862 ;
pro. from 2d lieut. Nov. 18. 1862 ; disch. by G.
0. July 24, 1865.
Samuel H. Conklin,lst lieut., must, in Aug. 1, 1861 ;
must, out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Luther C. Carson, 2d lieut, must, in Sept. 23, 1862;
pro. from 1st sergt. Nov. 18, 1862; disch. March
16, 1863.
William J. Burns, 2d lieut., must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ;
pro. from sergt. March 18, 1863 ; pro. 1st lieut.
March 13, 1865; disch. by G. O. July 24, 1865.
Frank H. Crafts, 2d lieut., must, in Sept., 1861 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
366
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
John Snyder, 1st sergt. must, in Sept. 21, 1861 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
George C. Rice, q. m. -sergt,, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ;
pro. to q. m. -sergt. Nov. 1, 1862 ; disch. by G. O.
June 25, 1865.
David Sample, q. m.-sergt., must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ;
trans, to Co. G, date unknown.
Alfred Page, com. sergt., must, in Sept. 12, 1861 ;
must, out with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Nelson L. Oakes, sergt., must, in Sept. 13, 1861 ;
must, out witli company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Charles W. Smead, sergt., must, in Sept. 6, 1861;
must, out witli company Aug, 11, 1865; veteran.
Cyrus Brown, sergt., must, in Sept. 18, 1861; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
Anth. Mesinbaugh, sergt., must, in Sept. 18, 1861;
must, out with company Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
Henry P. Stryker, sergt., must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ;
absent, wounded, at must, out ; veteran.
James M. Beck, sergt., must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; pro.
to Corp. Nov. 1, 1862; to sergt. April 1, 1863;
disch. by G. O. June 25, 1865.
Josiah McColm, sergt., must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; pro.
to corp. Nov. 18, 1862 ; to sergt. Jan. 5. 1865 ;
disch. by G. O. June 25, 1865.
Geo. W. Wilson, sergt., must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; pro.
to Corp. Nov. 1, 1862 ; sergt. Jan. 20, 1865; disch.
by G. O. June 25, 1865.
Joseph W. Matthews, sergt., must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ;
pro. to corp. Nov. 1, 1862; sergt. June 1, 1865;
disch. by G. O. June 25, 1865.
Thos. J. Alexander, sergt., must, in Oct. 19, 1862 ;
transf. to Co. G., date unknown.
Woodron Spears, corp., must, in Aug. 27, 1861 ; absent,
wounded at muster out ; veteran.
Matthias Kirk, corp., must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Joseph Cassan, corp., must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
Boyd C. Longan, corp., must, in Aug. 27, 1861 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
David Werline, corp., must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
F. S. Tomlinson, corp., must, in Sept. 3, 1861 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
Franklin Howard, corp., must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ;
must, out with company Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
Chas. H. Dill, corp., must, in Feb. 23, 1864; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Joseph Uish, corp., must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; pro. to
corp. Nov. 19, 1862 ; disch. by G. O. June 25
1865.
Geo. K. Fraine, corp., must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; pro
to corp. April 1, 1863 ; disch. by G. O. June 25
1865.
John D. Miller, corp., must, in Sept. 23, 1862; pro
to corp. Jan. 7, 1865; disch. by G. 0. June 25,
1865.
Wm. S. Ellis, Corp., must, in Sept. 23, 1862; pro. to
corp. June 1, 1865; disch by G. O. June 25,
1865.
John Irwin, corp., must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; pro. to
corp. June 1, 1865 ; disch. by G. O. June 25,
1865.
Wm. Parker, corp., must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; pro. to
corp. June 1, 1865 ; disch. by G. O. June 25,
1865.
Geo. W. Kearns, corp., must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; pro.
to corp. June 1, 1865; disch. by G. O. June 25,
1865.
Wm. Kearns, corp., must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; pro. to
corp. June 1, 1865 ; disch. by G. O. June 25,
1865.
Jesse Steeley, corp., must, in Oct. 19, 1862; transf.
to Co. G., date unknown.
Jesse Tweed, corp., must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; transf.
to Co. G., date unknown.
Jacob Shenefelt, corp., must, in Sept. 23, 1862; disch.
Sept. 2, to date Aug. 11,1865.
Michael M. Logan, corp., must, in Sept. 23, 1862;
transf to Co. G., date unknown.
Jacob Vanasdale, Corp., must, in Sept. 28, 1862 ;
transf to Co. G., date unknown.
Amos K. Smith, corp., must, in Sept. 28, 1862 ; disch.
by G. O. May 15, 1865.
Fred'k. Crafts, bugler, must, in Feb. 22, 1865 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
David Rishei, bugler, must, in Feb. 3, 1865 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Letter'n. Augustus, bugler, must, in Sep. 23, 1862 ;
pro. to bugler Nov. 1, 1862 ; disch. by G. O. June
25, 1865.
Eli S- Kirst, blacksmith, must, in Feb. 18, 1864 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Homer Peak, farrier, must, in Sep. 16, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
David F. Olinger, farrier, must, in Oct. 19, 1862;
transf to Co. G., date unknown.
Richard S. Starr, saddler, must, in Sep. 23, 1862 ; pro.
to saddler Nov. 1, 1862 ; disch. by G. O. June 25,
1865.
Privates.
John Allsdurf, must, in Sep, 10, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Daniel Aley, must, in Sep. 23, 1862 ; transf to Co. G.,
date unknown.
Isaac Arnold, must, in Oct. 19, 1862; transf to Co.
G., date unknown.
John Adare, must, in Sep. 28, 1862 ; transf to Co. G.,
date unknown.
George Bloom, must, in Feb. 23, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Theophilus Bradford, must, in Sep. 7, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
A. A. Bruven, must, in Feb. 6, 1865 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
367
John A. Buck, must, in Feb. 13, 1865; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 18(55.
Jacob Briner, must, in Sep. 23, 1862 ; transf. to Co.
G., date unknown.
John Bumgardner, must, in Sep. 23, 1862; disch. by
G. O. May 31, 1865.
Joseph Burnett, must, in Oct. 10, 1862 ; transf. to Co.
G, date unknown.
Henry R. Black, must, in Oct. 25, 1862; transf. to Co.
G. date unknown.
James S. Burkett, must, in Jan. 25, 1865 ; disch. by
G. O. June 15, 1865.
John P. Clark, must, in Feb. 13, 1865 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Walter Crafts, must, in Sep. 18, 1861; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Zachary D. Covert, must, in Feb. 23, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Edwin Calvent, must, in Sep. 18, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
Alfred Campbell, must, in Feb. 16, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
John B. Cornell, must, in Sep. 6, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Peter H. Clark, must, in Feb. 17, 1865; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
James Cosgrove, must, in Sep. 23, 1862 ; disch. by G.
O. June 25, 1865.
Conchenour, must, in Sep. 23, 1862; disch. by
G. O. June 25, 1865.
Thomas H. Cupples, must, in Oct. 19, 1862; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown.
Martin Cupples, must, in Oct. 19, 1862; trans, to Co.
G, date unknown.
S. Dechensheets, must, in Feb. 9, 1864 ; must, out
with Company Aug. 11, 1865.
William H. H. Dreese, must, in Oct. 19, 1862 ; trans.
to Co. G, date unknown.
John Davenport, must, in Oct. 19, 1862; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown.
Robert Emhoff, must, in Feb. 24, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
John A. Evans, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; trans, to Co.
G, date unknown.
Levi Eversale, must, in Sept. 28, 1862 ; trans, to Co.
G, date unknown.
Henry W. Early, must, in Oct. 25, 1862 ; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown.
James J. Forman, must, in Sept. 6, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
Daniel E. Flick, must, in Feb. 11, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Philip H. Flick, must, in Feb. 1, 1865 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Michael H. Foose, must, in Oct. 19, 1862 ; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown.
William A. Fuller, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown.
Daniel Fry, must, in Oct. 29, 1862; trans, to Co. G,
date unknown.
Henry C. George, must, in Feb. 18, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
John Gowland, must, in Feb. 8, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Wellword Gilles])ie, must, in March 9, 1864 ; must.
out with company Aug 11, 1865.
James H. Goldy, must, in Feb. 24, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Squire L. Gage, must, in Feb. 20, 1864; disch. on
surg. certif., date unknown.
Robert Graff, must, in Sep. 28, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0.
June 25, 1865.
James George, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; trans, to Co.
G, date unknown.
William H. Greenland, must, in Oct. 19, 1862 ; trans.
to Co. G, date unknown.
Henry Heim, must, in Aug. 29, 1861 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Frederick Harmer, must, in Sept. 3, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Charles W. Hamilton, must, in Feb. 23, 1864 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
William D. Hamilton, must, in Feb. 23, 1864; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Frederick Hill, must, in Feb. 1, 1865 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
George K. Hurlbert, must, in Feb. 17, 1865; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
James W. Hickson, m;st. in Sept. 23, 1862; disch. by
G. 0. June 25, 1865.
Abraham P. Haines, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; trans.
to Co. G, date unknown.
John Hickson, must, in Oct. 29, 1862 ; trans, to Co. G,
date unknown.
Daniel Hollabaugh, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown.
Isaac Hockenberry, must, in Oct. 19, 1862 ; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown.
John S. Hunt, must, in Oct. 19, 1862 ; trans, to Co.
G, date unknown.
Benjamin Hoekenberg, must, in Oct. 19, 1862 ; trans.
to Co. G, date unknown.
Martin L. Hutchins, must, in Oct. 29, 1862 ; trans, to
Co G, date unknown.
Samuel Harter, must, in Oct. 25, 1862 ; trans, to Co
G, date unknown.
Flavel Jodan, must, in Feb. 21, 1S65; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Robert E. Kelley, must, in Feb. 22,1864; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
John B. Kearns, must, in Sept. 23, 1862; disch. by G.
O. June 25, 1865.
George W. Kiser, must, in Oct. 19, 1862 ; disch. by G.
O. May 15, 1865.
George Long, must, in Feb. 23, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
368
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Eobert Lehman, must, in Feb. 23, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Matthias H. Lowe, must, in Feb. 27, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Charles Langdon, must, in Feb. 7, 1865; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Michael K. Lane, must, in Sept. 23, 1862; disch. by
G. O. June 25, 1865.
Samuel Lane, must, in Sept. 23, 1862; disch. by O.
O. June 25, 1865.
Peter K. Lehr, must, in Sept. 23, 1862; disch. by G.
O. June 25, 1865.
William H. Lansing, must, in Sept. 23,1862; trans, to
Co, G., date unknown.
William Lebo, must, in Oct. 30, 1862; trans, to Co.
G, date unknown.
Joseph W. Lahr, must, in Oct. 19, 1862 ; trans, to Co.
G, date unknown.
James Leonard, must, in Oct. 19, 1862 ; trans, to Co.
G, date unknown.
Thomas Mohn, must, in Sept. 13, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Lewis Meitzler, must, in Feb. 22, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Eliphas F. Martz, must, in Sept. 25, 1862 ; disch. by G.
O. Juue 25, 1865.
Michael W. S. Miller, must, in Sept. 23, 1862; disch.
by G. 0. June 25, 1865.
George Mnrfin, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; disch. by
G. O. June 25, 1862.
Alonzo B. Martz, must, in Sept. 23, 1862; trausf. to
Co. G ; date unknown.
Joseph Marr, must, in Oct. 30, 1862 ; transf. to Co. G ;
date unknown.
James M. Martin, must, in Oct. 19, 1862 ; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown.
Jacob Miller, must, in April 21, 1864; disch. by
G. O. June 7, 1865.
John McFadden, must, in Oct. 1, 1861 ; disch. Oct.,
1864; expiration of term.
William J. McKelvey, must, in Sept. 23,1862; disch.
by G. O. June 25, 1865.
James II. Newcomer, must, in Feb. 20, 1864; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Alva Norton, must, in Feb. 18, 1865 ; must out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Caleb Nead, must, in Sept. 23, 1861 ; disch. by G. O.
June 25, 1865.
Jeremiah Nead, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; disch. by
G. O. July 27, 1865.
David O'Brien, must, in Sept. 12, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
D. K. Oberheizer, must, in Feb. 22, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
George Osborne, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; disch. by
G. O. June 25, 1865.
Isaac Page, must, in Feb. 19, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
James T. Powers, must, in Aug. 27, 1861 ; must, out
with com|)any Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
James J. Pelter, must, in Oct. 19, 1862 ; transf. to Co.
G, date unknown.
David H. Quigg, must, in Feb. 21, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
George Ream, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; must, out w ith
company Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
Franklin J. Ryan, must, in Sept. 6, 1861 ; absent,
wounded, at muster out; veteran.
John B. Reed, must, in Feb. 22, 1865 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
James Roland, must, in July 23, 1861; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
John Rose, must, in Sept. 28, 1862; disch. by G. O.
.Tune 25, 1865.
Samuel F. Rupert, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; disch. by
G. O. June 25, 1865.
Simon Randall, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; transf. to
Co. G, date unknown.
John S. Robinson, must, in Sept. 23, 1862; transf. to
Co. G, date unknown.
Allen Rearick, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; transf. to Co.
G, date unknown.
William Rice, must, in Oct. 29, 1862; transf. to Co.
G, date unknown.
David Rose, must, in Sept. 28, 1862 ; transf. to Co. G,
date unknown.
Theo. Rodemaker, must, in Sept. 28, 1862 ; disch. by
G. O. June 22, 1865.
Thomas Strine, must, in Aug. 29, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
Martin L. Stine, must, in Feb. 22, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Michael Sullivan, must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865 ; veteran.
Benj. Shelman, must, in June 1, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Jos. Shoemaker, must, in Feb. 14, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Simon Seid, must, in Feb. 13, 1865 ; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
A. J. Solinger, must, in Feb. 21, 1865; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
George W. Smith, must, in Feb. 17, 1865 ; must, .(jut
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Isaac T. Shafer, must, in Feb. 17, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Jos. K. Siechrist, must, in July 23, 1861 ; must, out
with comjjany Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
Richard W. Smith, mu.st. in Feb. 24, 1864 ; absent,
sick, at mu.ster out.
Jackson Stratton, must, in Feb. 11, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Thos. J. Sutherland, must, in Feb. 11, 1865 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
John Shonowolf, must, iu Oct. 19, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UxVION.
369
John G. Shearer, must, in Sept. 28,1862; disch. by
G. O. June 25, 1805.
Robert A. Sayers, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown.
Robert Sankey, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown.
Robert Salyards, must, in Sept. 23, 1862; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown.
Oliver P. Snook, must, in Oct. 19, 1862 ; tr .ns. to
Co. G, date unknown.
Peter Sayhir, must, in Oct. 25, 1862 ; trans, to Co. G,
date unknown.
John Smith, must, in Sept. 28, 1862; trans, to Co. G.
date unknown.
Albert H. Shields, must, in Oct. 25, 1862 ; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown.
I-iaae Thompson, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Benj. F. Tanner, must, in Feb. 19, 1864; absent,
wounded, at muster out.
James Thompson, must, in April 3, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
AVm. H. Thomas, must, in Sept. 23, 1862; disch. by
G. O June 25, 1865.
Joseph R. Verguson, must, in July 23, 1861 ; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865; vet.
James W. Voorhees, must, in March 13, 1864; must.
out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Henry W. Walizer, must, in Feb. 1, 1865; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Aaron W. Walizer, must, in Feb. 1, 1865; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Jeremiah Walizer, must, in Feb. 1, 1865; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
James West, must, in Feb. 9, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 11, 1865.
Henry Webert, must, in Oct. 21, 1864; absent at mus-
ter out.
Joseph Walker, must, in Sept. 23, 1862; disch. by
G. 0. June 25, 1865.
Absalom Walls, must, in Sept. 23, 1862; disch. by
G. O. June 25, 1865.
James K. Waters, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; disch. by
G. O. June 25, 1865.
Jacob Walker, must, in Oct. 19, 1862; trans, to Co.
G, date unknown.
Jordan Winterstine, must, in Oct. 25, 1862; trans, to
Co. G, date unknown.
Joseph Wilson, must, in Sept. 23, 1862; trans, to Co.
G, date unknown.
George W. Young, must, in Feb. 17, 1865 ; must, out
with company Aug. 11, 1865.
OXE HUXDRED AXD SIXTY-.SECOXD EEGI-
MEXT.
The One Himdrcd aud Sixty-second
Rciviment of the Penii.<ylvani:i line — otherwise
the Seventeenth Cavalry — included in its organi-
24
zation one company of men raised principally
in Perry County, and having for its fir.'^t
coniiuauding officer Captain John B. McAl-
lister, who, upon the organization of the regi-
ment, became its lieutenant-colonel — its col-
onel being Josiah H. Kellogg, previously a
captain in the First United States Cavalry.
The regiment was recruited in the summer
and autumn of 1862. On the 25th of Novem-
ber it left its rendezvous, near Harrisburg,
and moved to Washington. December 22d
it went to Occoquan, in the vicinity of which
three coiupanies remained some days, frequently
skirmishing with the enemy. On the 5th of
January, 1863, the detachment rejoined the
regiment at Stafford Court-House, aud the
Seventeenth was made a part of the Second
Brigade of the First Cavalrv Division. In
the Chancellorsville campaign Companies C
and I were on escort duty with General 3Ieade,
and during the battle were engaged in the
transmission of orders. In June, 1863, the
regiment, with other troops, under Buford
and Gregg, operated along the Rajjjiahannock,
and frequently skirmished with the enemy.
In the Gettysburg campaign the division of
which the Seventeenth was a part was under
the command of General Buford, and at the
commencement of the battle held the enemy at
bay during four hours, till the arrival of tlie
First Corps. It was afterwards efficient in
preventing the attacks of flanking columns of
the enemy. In the fall campaign of 1863 the
Seventeenth, with the other cavalry, was very
active and efficient in thwarting the movements
of the wily rebel chief.
During the winter of 1863-64 the regiment
was engaged in picket duty, and in February
of that year a detachment went, under Captain
Spera, v^•ith General Kilpatrick in his raid on
Richmond.
In the brilliant cavalry operations under
General Sheridan during the summer and
autumn of 1864 the Seventeenth bore an
active part, aud was often in action, but space
will not permit a detailed mention of the engage-
ments in which it participated. Captain Spera,
of Company C, who had on many occasions
shown himself a brave and efficient officer,
370
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
was, on the 10th of August, 1864, promoted to
the office of major. He had the honor to ac-
company General Sheridan on his famous
" ride," as the following account will show :
". . . General Sheridan then ordered Major Spera
to take twenty men, with tlie best horses, from the
escort and follow him, as he was g'ling to move
lively to the front, the remainder of the escort being
directed to report to General Forsythe and Colonels
Thorn and Alexander to do what they could in
stemming the tide of fugitives. On the way up the
pike towards Newtown the crowds of men and
wagons thickened until the multitude became almost
a jam, so much so that it was impossible to keep
the pike, and General Sheridan struck off to the
left of the road, dashing through fields and over
fences and ditches. He spoke to few, occasionally
crying out, ' Face the other way, boys !' A chaplain
was met mounted on a mule, who seemed importunate
to speak with the general, and beckoned him to stop,
but the general told him to face about and ride along
if he had anything to say. But the mule-mounted
chaplain was soon left behind, with his story untold.
On arriving upon the field the general struck to the
right of the road, where were Generals Wright,
Getty and members of his own staff, one of whom
remarked, ' General, I sujipose Jubal Early intends
driving you out of the valley.' ' What !' exclaimed
Sheridan, ' drive me out of the valley ! Three corps
of infantry and all my cavalry? I'll lick him before
night.' With a lion heart he set to work disposing
his forces, and by nightfall he had redeemed his
promise."
In the winter of 1861-65 the regiment had
its quarters near Wincliester, and was employed
in picket and scout duty. On the 24th of
February, General Sheridan commenced the
campaign of 1865, which terminated with
the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox.
During this campaign the Seventeenth sus-
tained, to the last, its well-earned reputation.
General Devin said, in his farewell order to
the Seventeenth : " In five successive campaigns,
and in over threescore engagements, you have
nobly sustained your part. Of the many
gallant regiments from your State, none has
a brighter record, none has more freely shed
its blood on every battle-field from Gettysburg
to Appomattox."
Company I, Perry County. — The follow-
ing served in Company I of the One Hundred
and Sixty-second :
John B. McAllister, cajit., must, in Oct. 7, 1862, three
years ; residence, Bloomfield ; pro. to lieut.-col.
Nov. 6, 1862.
Andrew D. Vanling, capt., must, in Oct. 7, 1862,
three years ; residence, Liverpool ; pro. from 2<1
lieut. Nov. 6, 1862, to 1st lleut. ; com. capt.
March 26, 1863 ; resigned June 5, 1863.
Isaac N. Grubb, capt., must, in Sept. 26, 1862, three
years ; residence, Liverpool twp. ; pro. from sergt.-
niaj. July 22, 1864, to 1st lieut.; com. capt.
Sept. 8, 1861; disch. Jan. 13,' 1865, for wounds
received in action.
John B. Winchester, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 28,
1862, three years ; residence, Liverpool ; pro.
from 1st sergt. March 10, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0.
June 20, 1865.
Lewis W. Orwan, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 26, 1862,
three years ; residence. Centre twp. ; pro. from
1st sergt. Nov. 6, 1862, to 2d lieut. ; to 1st lieut.
March 26, 1863; resigned June 8, 1863.
George W. Orwan, 1st sergt., must, in Sept. 26, 1862,
three years ; residence. Centre twp. ; pro. from
Corp. to sergt. March 1, 1863 ; to 1st sergt. March
11, 1865; must, out with company June 16, 1865.
William H. Reed, com. -sergt., must, in Sept. 26, 1862,
three years; residence, Bloomfield; pro. from
sergt. Nov. 1, 1863; com. 2d lieut. Sept. 26, 1864;
must, out with company .June 16, 1865.
John M. Fry, sergt., must, in Sept. 26, 1862, three
years ; residence, Tuscarora twp. ; pro. to corp.
July 1, 1864; to sergt. March 11, 1865; must, out
with company June 16, 1865.
William C. Long, sergt., must, in Sept. 26, 1862, three
years ; residence, Greenwood twp. ; pro. to cor]).
Nov. 1, 1863; to sergt. March 11, 1865 ; must, out
with company June 16, 1865.
David E. Gussler, sergt., must, in Sept. 26, 1862, three
years ; residence. Centre twp. ; pro. to corp. Nov.
1, 1863; to sergt. March 11, 1865 ; must, out with
company June 16, 1865.
Ephraim C. Long, sergt., must, in Sept. 26, 1862,
three years; residence, Bloomfield; disch. on
surg. certif. March, 1863.
David H. Lackey, corp., must, in Sept. 26,1862, three
years ; residence, Carroll twp. ; pro. to corp. Nov.
1, 1863 ; must, out with company June 16, 1865.
Pricatea.
John J. Arndt, must, in Sept. 26, 1862. three years :
residence, Liverpool; must, out with company
June 16, 1865.
Abraham Arndt, must, in Feb. 11, 1864, three years;
residence, Liverpool ; must, out with Co. I, 2d
Regt. Pro. Cav. Aug. 7, 1865.
Daniel Brandt, must, in Sept. 26, 1862, three years ;
residence. Greenwood twp. ; disch. Dec. 30th, for
wounds received at Opequan, Va., Sept. 19, 1864.
Henry Bitting, must, in Sept. 26, 1862, three years ;
residence, Liverpool twp.; disch. on surg. certif.
Feb. 16, 1863.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
371
Simon Cluck, must, in Oct. 7, 1802, three years; resi-
dence, Liverpool ; traus. to Vet. Res. Corps Nov.
5, 1864.
George S. Drexler, must, in Sept. 26, 1862, three
years; residence, Landisburg; disch. by G. O.
May 18, 1865.
Jacob L. Drexler, must, in Sept. 26, 1862, three years ;
residence, Landisburg; disch. on surg. certit'.
Jan., 1863.
John Fry, must, in Sept. 26, 1862, three years ; resi-
dence, Saville twp. ; must, out with company June
16, 1865.
William Fry, must, in Sept. 6, 1864, three years ; must,
out with company June 16, 1865.
David Fry, must, in Sept. 6, 1864, three years ; resi-
dence, Saville twp. ; must, out with company
June 16, 1865.
.James Foley, must, in Sept. 26, 1862, three years;
residence, Liverpool ; disch. on surg. certif. Aug.
23, 1863.
Henry Haas, must, in Sept. 26, 1862, three years ;
residence, Liverpool; com. 2d lieut. March 26,
1863 ; must, out with company June 16, 1865.
John Lamca, must, in Aug. 31, 1864, three years;
residence. Greenwood twp. ; must, out with com-
pany June 16, 1865.
Jonas Long, must, in Aug. 31, 1864, three yeai-s ;
residence. Greenwood twp. ; must, out with com-
pany June 16, 1865.
Levi R. Long, must, in Sept. 26, 1862, three years ;
residence. Greenwood twp. ; disch. Dec. 3d for
wounds received at Falling Waters, Md., July 14,
1863.
William W. Lesh, must, in Sept. 26, 1862, three
years ; residence, Juniata twp. ; trans, to Vet. Re.s.
Corps October 25, 1863.
John Ritter, must, in Sept. 26, 1862, three years ; res-
idence, Liverpool; disch. on surg. certif. April
23, 1863.
George Vananam, must, in Feb. 17, 1864, three years ;
residence. Greenwood twp. ; must, out with Co. I,
2d Regt. Pro. Cav. Aug. 7, 1865.
Thomas Vananam, must, in Feb. 17, 1864, three
years ; residence. Greenwood twp.
Lucius C. Wox, must, in Jan. 2, 1864, three years;
residence. Centre twp. ; must, out with Co. I, 2d
Regt. Pro. Cav., Aug. 7, 1865.
Sidney S. Wox, must, in Aug. 23, 1864, three years ;
residence. Centre twp. ; must, out with Co. I,
2d Regt. Pro. Cav., Aug. 7, 1865.
ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT.
The One Hundred and Seventj'-first Regi-
ment (drafted militia, nine mouths' service) was
organized at Camp Curtin in November, 1862,
and in the latter part of that month wa.s moved,
by way of Washington, D. C, to Suffolk, Va.,
where it was as.signed to General Ferry's di-
vision, in the department commaudctl by (ien-
eral John A. Dix. Late in December it broke
camp and was transported to Newbern, X. C,
where it arrived January 1st and went into
winter-quarters. In the operations of the fol-
lowing spring this regiment was ordered to take
part in the reduction of the Confederate works
on Pamlico River, below Little Wa.-ihington,
N. C, and it set out for the purpose in obedi-
ence to the orders, but was withdrawn without
coming into action. In April following it was
present and uuder fire at Blount's Creek, but
withotit suffering loss. Afterwards, it was
posted at Washington, N. C, the enemy hav-
ing raised the siege. In June it was trans-
ported, via Fortress ^Monroe, to White House,
Va.,near where it remained until July 7th, when
it was moved to Harper's Feriy, to assist in the
pursuit of the Confederate army after the battle
of Gettysburg. It reached Harper's Ferry on
the 9th of July, and on the 11th moved to the
vicinity of Boouesborongh, Md., where, and at
Frederick City, it remained until August 3d,
when it was ordered to Harrisburg and there
mustered out of the service during the first
week of that month.
Company F, Juniata County.— One of
the companies of this regiment, commanded by
Captain William H. McClellan, was made up
of Juniata County men, of \,hoiu a list is here
given, viz. :
Wm. H. McClellan, capt., jmist. in Nov. 10, 1862 ;
must, out with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Fredk. S. Schwalm, 1st lieut., must, in Nov. 10,
1862; must, out with company Aug. a, 1863.
David Geib, 2d lieut., must, in Nov. 10, 1862; must.
out with company Aug. 8, 1863.
James Drolsbaugh, 1st sergt., must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ;
must, out with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Peter Feeney, sergt., must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must.
out with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Samuel Walker, sergt., must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must.
out with company Aug. 8, 1863.
John R. Kautl'man, sergt., must, in Nov. 4, 1862;
must, out with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Robert A. Reynolds, sergt., must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ;
must, out with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Peter C. Goshorn, corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must.
out with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Thos. S. Bernard, corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1S62 ; must.
out with company --^ug. 8, 1863.
372
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Ephraim Duncan, corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ;
must, out with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Joseph Bowers, Corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must.
out with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Jacob Kauftman, corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must.
out with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Elias Crawford, corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must.
out with company Aug. 8, 1863.
John P. Arnold, corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must.
out with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Levi Stroup, corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Absalom Wise, mus., must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must.
out with company August 8, 1863.
James F. Pennington, mus., must, in Nov. 4, 1862 ;
must, out with company August 8, 1863.
Privates.
Alex. Arbuthnot, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Alex. Anderson, must- in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Wm. Brown, must, in Nov. 4, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
Samuel Barnard, must, in Nov. 2,1862; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Geo. W. Bryner, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
James Barkey, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
Nicholas Bride, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Michael Coldren, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
^Vm. Collins, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
^Vm. Caster, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
Henry Crimmel, must, in Nov. '2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
Emanuel Chopp, must, in Nov. 2, 1862.
Wm. Chopp, must, in Nov. 2, 1862.
Dan'l. Deit'enbaugh, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must.
out with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Jacob Dressier, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
Thos. J. Darling, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with comjjany Aug. 8, 1863.
John S. Darling, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; abs., in
hosp., at muster out.
William Davis, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; abs., in hosp.,
at must. out.
Geo. Deits, must, in Nov. 4, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
John Dressier, must, in Nov. 2, 1862.
Jnel Dressier, must, in Nov. 4, 1862.
Wm. Esterline, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
must, out
must, out
1862 ; disch. on surg.
1862; must, out with
must, out
Jacob Ernest, must, in Nov. 9, 1862 ; must, out with
comi^any Aug. 8, 1863.
Isaac Etka, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; disch. on surg.
certif. Nov. 10, 1862.
Philip Fawver, must, in Nov. 4, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
Dan'l. Fusselman, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Geo. VV. Fulton, must, in Nov. 4, 1862
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
William Fitzgerald, must, in Nov. 2, 1862
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Henry Farleman, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Adam Frantz, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; disch. on surg.
certif. Nov. 11, 1862.
Geo. Fraley, must, in Nov.
certif. Nov. 11, 1862.
Sam'l. Gray, must, in Nov.
company Aug. 8, 1863.
Alexander Given, must, in Nov. 2, 1862
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Jacob Graybill, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Jacob H. George, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Absalom Goodling, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; disch. by
S. O. Feb. 21, 1863.
Aaron Hoas, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
Jeremiah Haines, musl. in Nov. 4, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 8,1863.
Robert Horrel, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out witli
company Aug. 8, 1863.
David Haines, must, in Nov. 4, 1862; disch. on surg.
certif. Nov. 10, 1862.
Andrew W. Harper, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; died at
Suftblk,Va.,Dec. 9. 1862; burial rec. Nov. 9,1862.
J. Hockenbrought, must, in Nov. 2, 1862.
William H. Johnson, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Joseph Kerstetter, must, in Nov. 4, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
John W. Leister, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
John Landis, must, in "Nov. 2, 1832; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
Samuel Landis, must, in Nov. 9,1862; disch. on surg.
certif. Nov. 10, 1862.
Solomon D. Light, must, in Nov. 2, 1862.
Reuben Moist, must, in Nov. 9, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
John Middaugh, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; absent, sick,
at muster out.
Daniel Maflit, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
John McConnell, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
373
David Peck, must, in Nov. 2, 1SG2; must out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
William Pressler, must, in Nov. 2, 18G2 ; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1803.
John T. Pressler, must, in Nov. 2, 18G2 ; must, out
with company Aug 8,1863.
Robert Phine, must, in Nov. 2, 1802; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1803.
•Tames Patterson, must, in Nov. 2, 1862.
Harry Peters, must, in Nov. 4, 1862.
William Rice, must, in Nov. 2, 1802; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
John Ruble, must, in Nov. 4, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
Michael Rumfelt, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Isaac Shetterly, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; absent, sick,
at muster out.
Thomas H. Smith, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
David Showers, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
Paul G. Smith, must, in Nov. 4, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
James Smith, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
Fish Stevenson, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
William N. Sterret, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; absent,
sick, at muster out.
Tobias Stroup, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
William W. Sharron, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; disch. on
surg. certif. Nov. 11, 1862.
Robert Sartin, must, in Nov. 2, 1802; disch. ou surg.
certif. Nov. 11, 1862.
Daniel B. Stroup, must, in Nov. 4, 1802.
Joseph R. Vaughen, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with ciimpany Aug. 8, 1863.
William Wharton, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1863.
Uriah Wise, must, in Nov. 4, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
James Watt, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
Benjamin Wallace, must, in Nov. 4, 1862; absent,
sick, at muster out.
John Woodward, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 8, 1803.
Emanuel Wise, must, in Nov. 4, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1803.
Thomas Yohn, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 8, 1863.
Jacob Zeller, must, in Nov. 2, 1802; absent, sick, at
muster out.
OXE IirXDRED AND SEVEXTY-THIRD REGI-
MENT.
The One Hundred and Seventy-third Regi-
ment (nine montiis' drafted militia) wa.s organ-
ized at Camp Curtin in the fall of 18fJ2 under
command of Colonel Daniel Nagle, of Schuyl-
kill County. On the last of November it left
Harri.sburg and proceeded to Norfolk, Va.,
where, and in that vicinity, its several compa-
nies were emploj'ed on guard duty at varit)us
points until May, 1863, and from that time the
entire regiment was on provost duty at Norfolk
until July 9th, when it moved, by way of
Washington, D. C, to Maryland for the pur-
pose of taking part in the pursuit of the Con-
federate army, which was then retreating from
Gettysburg towards Virginia. The regiment con-
tinued in this duty and in guarding the Orange
and Alexandria Railroad (but without being
brought into actual battle) until the 1.3th of
August, when it moved to the rear under orders
to proceed to Harrisburg, where, on the 17tii
and 18th of the same month, it was mustered
out of service.
Company E, Perry County. — Fol-
lowing is a roll of a company of Periy County
men which served in the regiment and was
commanded by Captain Henry Charles, viz. :
Henry Charles, capt., must, in Nov. 13, 1862; must.
out with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Isaac D. Dunkel, 1st lieut., must, in Nov. 13, 1862;
must, out with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Samuel Reen, 2d lieut., must, in Nov. 15, 1862 ; must.
out with company Aug. 17, 1803.
S. Kirk .lacobs, 1st sergr., must, in Nov. 2, 1802;
must, out with company Aug. 17, 1803.
Joseph Hammaker, sergt., must, in Nov. 4, 1802 ;
must, out with company Aug. 17, 1863.
David P. Egolf, sergt., must, in Nov. 2, 1802 ; must.
out with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Samuel R. P. Bradj% sergt., must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ;
must, out with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Henry M. Hoffman, sergt., nuist. in Nov. 2, 1802 ;
must, out with company Aug. 17, ls03.
Simon S. Charles, corp., must, in Nov. 4, 1862 ; must.
out with company Aug. 17, 1863.
William Kipp, corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must.
out with company Aug. 17, 1803.
Theodore O'Neil, corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must.
out with company Aug. 17, 1803.
Robert Crane, corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 18li3.
Elias Clay, corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1803.
Andrew Noy, corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1803.
374
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Jacob Potter, corp., must, in Nov. 21, 1862 ; pro. to
Corp. Jan. 10, 1863 ; must, out with company
Aug. 17, 1863.
Josiali Clay, Corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1862; pro. to
Corp. March 25, 1863 ; must, out with company
Aug. 17, 1863.
Alex. McConnel, Corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1862; disch.
on surg. certif. March 24, 1863.
Julius Weluer, corp., must, in Nov. 2, 1862.
Privates.
Charles Bressler, must, in Nov. 2,1862; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Christian Brown, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Henry Basum, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Wm. B. Bealor, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Samuel Bair, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
George Bucher, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Abram Baker, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Benedict Brenley, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; disch. on
surg. certif. Nov. 21, 1862.
Fred. Beihl, must, in Nov. 4, 1862.
Joseph Bomisted, must, in Nov. 2, 1862.
Joseph Brenley, must, in Nov. 2, 1862.
Peter Clemens, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Lewis Crater, must, in Nov. 8, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
George J. Clemens, must, in Nov. 4, 1862; died at
Camp Viele, Va., April 3, 1863.
Henry Derr, mustered in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Francis Ditman, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; disch. Nov.
21, 1862.
John Dunkel, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; died at Camp
Viele, Va., Jan. 10, 1863.
John Dressier, must, in Nov. 5, 1862.
D. P. Fertenbaugh, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Samuel Fry, must, in Nov. 5, 1862 ; must, out with
company August 17, 1863.
Cyrus Ferre, must, in Nov. 5, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Philip Foulk, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Earnest Fisher, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; disch. Nov.
21, 1862.
Abram Fleurie, mnst. in Nov. 2, 1862; disch. on
surg. certif. Feb. 17, 1863.
Absalom Goughler, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Samuel Gohn, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out with
company Aug 17, 1863.
Andrew Garnet, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
John Gowdy, must, in Nov. 5, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Philip Geiger, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Jacob Geiger, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; disch. on surg.
certif. June 6, 1863.
Robert Hunter, must, in Nov. 6, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Joseph Hair, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
John Hippie, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Lewis F. Heckard, must, in Nov. 4, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Henry Hammer, must, in Nov. 13, 1862 ; pro. to
sergt.-maj., date unknown.
Daniel Heinsman, must, in Nov. 2, 1862.
Theodore Jones, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Ezekiel Jones, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
William Jones, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
William Kinzer, must, in Nov. 2,1862; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
John Killinger, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Charles Krumbaugh, must, in Nov. 2, 1862.
Samuel Leiby, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; mu,st. out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
William Lydick, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
John Long, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
William Lear, must, in Nov. 6, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Samuel Lydick, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Samuel Lightner, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; disch. on
surg. certif Feb. 17, 1863.
Matthias Langan, must, in Nov. 5, 1862.
William A. Myers, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Charles S. Miller, must in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Jacob Miller, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; disch. on surg.
certif. June 19, 1863.
Benjamin MeClintock, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; disch.
on surg. certif. June 19, 1863.
Charles Naher, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Wm. Parson, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Lewis W. Powell, must, in Nov. 4, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Fernando Propping, must, in Nov. 3, 1862; disch. on
surg. certif. March 12, 1863.
THE WAR FOB, THE UNION.
375
Jacob Pcrcher, must, in Nov. 2, 18152 ; disch. on sur^;.
certif. March 12, 1863.
Charles Pilger, must, iu Nov. 2, 1862.
David Eoush, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out witli
company Aug. 17, 18G3.
Jacob Reed, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out witli
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Lewis Resinger, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Henderson Smiley, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
William Shearer, must, in Nov. 4, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
David Svveger, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
William Saucerman, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Jacob Scandling, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Daniel Smith, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Emanuel Staner, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
John D. Shearer, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
John Scott, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Reuben Sluieffer, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Daniel F. Shaeft'er, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Jonas Smith, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
William Smith, must, in Nov. 6, 1862.
Jacob Smith, must, in Nov. 2, 1862.
Solomon Trostle, must, in Nov. 5, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Reuben Tobias, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out witli
company Aug. 17, 1863.
Joseph Ulsh, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; must, out with
company Aug. 17, 1863.
William Williams, must, in Nov. 4, 1862 ; must, out
with company Aug. 17, 1863.
George Wommelsdorf, must, iu Nov. 2, 1862 ; must.
out with company Aug. 17, 1863.
Samuel Warner, must, in Nov. 2, 1862.
Reuben Young, must, in Nov. 2, 1862.
ONE HUNDRED AND EIOHTY-FIRST REGIMENT.
The One Hundred and Eighty-first Regi-
ment, otherwise designated as the Twentietii
Penn.^ylvania Cavalry (six month.s' service), was
recruited in the summer of 18f)3, and organ-
ized at Camp Couch, near Harrisburg, under
command of Colonel John E. Wyncoop. One
company (E), commanded by Captain Joseph
T. Rothrock, contained a large number of men
of Mifflin County, and soldiers of Perry, Un-
ion and Snyder Counties also served in the or-
ganization. The regiment left Harri.sburg in
July and proceeded to Maryland, where it per-
formed a great amount of duty in marching
and assisting in the movement of trains, and
later (in August), the companies were stationed
at various points — D and E being posted at
Bloomery Gap. In September the seven com-
panies on active service' were concentrated at
headquarters, and engaged in scouting and picket
duty, but were not called on to take part iu
actual battle until late in Xovember, when two
of the companies encountered and defeated a
part of Imboden's command, defeating it and
taking a number of prisoners and a piece of
artillery. On the 24th of December the com-
mand was ordered from Springfield to Harris-
burg, where (the time of the six months' men
having expired) it was mustered out of service
on the 7th of January, 1864, after which a
reorganization for the three years' service was
effected, under the same commanding officer,
and the same designated number for the new
regiment.
Company E, Mifflin County. — Following
is given the roll of Captain Rothrock's company
of the six months' regiment. (Detachments of
this company were from Perry and Union Coun-
ties and contiguous territory.)
Joseph T. Rothrock, capt., must, in July 1, 1863 ;
nuist. out with company Jan. 6, 1S64.
Samuel Montgomery, 1st lieut., must, in July 1, 1863;
must, out with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Andrew W. Decker, 2d lieut., must, in July 1, 1863;
must, out with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Walter R. Witney, 1st sergt., must, in July 1, 1863 ;
must, out with company Jan. 6, 1864.
John S. Criswell, sergt., must, in July 1, 1863; must.
out with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Thomas J. McCord, sergt., must, in July 1, 1863;
must, out with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Levi Brower, sergt., must, in July 1, 1863; pro. from
Corp. Aug. 3, 1863 ; must, out with company Jan.
6, 1864.
Federal Stauber, sergt., must, in July 1, 1863; trans.
to Co. E, 181st (3 years) Regt. P. Y., Jan., 1864.
' The other five companies were on service under Major
Douglass, at Philadelphia, Keailing and Pottfville, and re-
maiued detached until the final muster out.
376
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Sylvester G. Gettys, sergt., must, in July 1, 1863
trans, to Co. E, 181st (3 years) Kegt. P. V., Jan
1, 1864.
William E. Barnes, sergt., must, in July 1, 1863
trans, to Co. E, 181st (3 years) Regt. P. V., Jan,
1864.
Harry H. Spriggle, sergt., must, in July 1, 1863 ; pro.
from corp. Nov. 21, 1863.
John T. Nourse, corp., must, in July 1, 1863 ; must.
out with company Jan. 6, 1864.
William H. Harris, Corp., must, in July 1,1863 ; must.
out with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Abraham B. Corbin, corp., must, in July 1, 1863 ;
must, out with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Samuel Heeter, corp., must, in July 1, 1863; pro. to
Corp. Sept. 16, 1863 ; must, out with company
Jan. 6, 1864.
James D. Bush, corp., must, in July 1, 1863 ; pro. to
corp. Nov. 21, 1863 ; must, out with company
Jan. 6, 1864.
Burges Law, corp., must, in July 1, 1863 ; pro. to
corp. Nov. 21, 1863 ; must, out with company
Jan. 6. 1864.
Jacob H. Deitrich, corp., must, in July 1, 1863 ; pro.
to corp. Aug. 31, 1863 ; trans, to 181st (3 years)
Eegt. P. v., Jan., 1864.
Isaac B. Brimmer, bugler, must, in .Tuly 1, 1863 ;
must, out with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Robinson Gill, bugler, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must.
out with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Noah Stewart, blacksmith, must, in July 1, 1863 ;
pro. blacksmith, date unknown ; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
Samuel Heck, farrier, must, in July 1, 1863; trans, to
110th Eegt. P. V. Jan., 1864.
Privates.
Howard Alexander, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Samuel Armstrong, must, in July 1,1863; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Vance C. Aurand, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Samuel D. Bolinger, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
John E. Bratton, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Dallas Clark, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
Joseph M. Crawford, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out
with company Jan. 1, 1864.
Marion Coulter, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
John W. Chilcoat, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
William Clark, must, in July 1, 1863; trans, to Co
E, 181at (3 years') Regt. P. V., Jan., 1864.
Cxeorge W. Crawford, must, in July 1, 1863 ; trans, to
Co. E, 181st [Z years') Regt. P. V., Jan., 1864.
Edward J. Davis, must, in July 1, 1863 ; trans, to
Co. E, 18l8t (3 years') Regt. P. V., Jan., 1864.
Andrew R. Deitrich, must in July 1, 1863 ; traus. to
181st (3 years') Regt. P. V., Jan., 1864.
James P. Elliott, must, in July 1,1863; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Foster Eruhart, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
Jacob Esterline, mu.st. in July 4, 1863 ; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
Joseph H. Fronk, must, in July 1, 1863; trans, to Co.
E, 181st (3 years') Regt. P. V., Jan., 1864.
Solomon French, must, in July 1, 1863; trans, to
117th Regt. P. V. Nov. 14, 1863.
John Gluck, must, in July 1, 1863 ; mustered out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
James Ginefaw, must, in July 1, 1863.
William H. Gibbony, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must.
out with company Jan. 6, 1864.
John Garrow, must, in July 1, 1863.
Samuel Heck, Sr., must, in July 1, 1863; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
David B. Heck, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
James Jackson, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
David Johns, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
Reuben Kleine, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
John Long, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
Adam A. Long, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out with
company Jan. 3, 1864.
Andrew Lynn, must, in July 1, 1863; trans, to Co. E,
181st (3 years') Regt. P. V., Jan., 1864.
Henry Lynn, must, in July 1, 1861 ; trans, to Co. E,
181st (3 years') Regt. P. V., Jan., 1864.
William J. Landis, must, io July 1, 1833 ; trans, to
Co. E, 181st (3 years') Regt. P. V., Jan., 1864.
Henry Morgan, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Thaddeus Miller, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Charles Marshall, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
James F. Marlin, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Harrison Madden, must, in July 1, 1863 ; mu.st. out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Alexander G. Mort, must, in July 1,1863; trans, to
Co. A, 181st (3 years') Regt. P. V., Jan., 1864.
Charles McVey, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
William Mclntyre, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
William Osbourne, must, in July 1, 1863.
Alexander Park, mu>t. in July 1, 1863; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
THE WAR FOR THE UNIOX.
377
James Price, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
James Park, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
William Palmer, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Lavi Price, must, in July 1, 1853 ; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
R. Rosenborough, must, in July 1,1863; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
William Rine, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
Elijah Rutter, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
John J. Rosensteel, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out
with company .Jan. 6, 1864.
Jacob Rittenhouse, must, in .Tuly 1, 1863; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
James Stewart, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out w'ith
company Jan. 6, 1864.
John S. Shaver, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
John H. Stull, must, in July 1, 1863; trans, to Co.
A, ISl.st (3 years') Regt. P. V., Jan., 1864.
Jacob B. Swope, must, in July 1,1863; must, out i
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
William Stake, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
William Slates, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out with
company Jan. 6, 1864.
William H. Tompkins, must, in July 1, 1863; must.
out with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Matthew J. Taylor, must, in July 1, 1863 ; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
John Vancourt, must, in July 1, 1863; must, out
with company Jan. 6, 1864.
Paul Walker, must, in July 1, 1863 ; disch. on surg.
certif. Sept. 16, 1863.
George Wilson, mu<t. in July 1, 1863.
.lohn Waight, must, in July 1, 1863.
ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FOrRTII REGI-
JIENT.
The One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Regi-
ment wa-s chiefly' recruited in the spring of
1864, and organized at Camp Curtin, whence
it moved, May 14th, under coniiuund of Major
Charles Kleckner, of Union County, to join the |
Army of the Potomac, which was then fighting-
its way southward in the Wilderness campaign. |
Arriving on the army line, the regiment was at
once placed in action at the battle of Tolopoto-
nioy Creek, May 29th, and was on the skirmish
' Seven coinpanifs uf the regiment were recruited early
in the f-pringnf 1864 ; the olhers wtre orgiuized laier and
joined iu the fitld.
line from that place to Cold Harbor, where, in
the battle of the 3d of June, it took a leading
part iu two desperate a.s.saults on the enemy's
entrenchments, losing one hundred and eighty
officers and men killed and wounded. From
that time it remained constantly on the front
line until the 13th, when it moved with the
army to the James River, and, crossing to the
south side, advanced to the front of Petersburg,
where, on the lljth, 17th and 18th, it joined i.i
repeated assaults on the fortified line, losing
heavily in each day. Again, on the 22d, the at-
tack was renewed, and in the conflict this regi-
ment suffered a loss of fifty-one killed and
wounded and one hundred and sixteen taken
prisoners.
Among the latter were four captain.*, viz. :
Evans, Haines, Huff ami McKeage, and four
lieutenants, viz.: Rahn, Stover, Bryan anJ
Muffly — the last-named being the adjutant.
During the twenty-five days that the regiment
had been on duty from the time of its joining
the army at Tolopotomoy, it had lost thrte
hundred and fifty (including twelve officers) in
killed, wounded and pi'isoners. Of the latter,
more than ninety died al Andersonville, Salis-
bury and Florence, and a number of those whos j
wounds prevented their being taken to the prison-
pens iu the South died in Petersburg.
After the battles mentioneil the remnant of
the regiment took part, in July and August, iu
two expeditions to Deep Bottom, Va., and in
the fighting M'hich resulted on both occasions,
losing twenty-seven in killed and wounded, out
of a total strength of less than one hundred. O.i
the 2oth of August the regiment fought at
Ream's Station, where Lieutenant-Colonel
Kleckner was severely wounded. Afterwards
it fought at Hatcher's Run (October 27th), los-
ing fifteen killed and wounded, and at the ^ame
place, on the 6th of February, was again en-
gaged. On the opening of the spring campaign
it ])articipated actively in the movements and
fighting from April 1st to the surrender at Ap-
pomattox. It then marched to Washington
and took part in the great review of the three
armies in May, and on the 2d of June and 14th
of July was mustered out of service.
Field and Staff. — The following field
378
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
and staff officei'S from Perry County served in
tliis regiment.
Charles Kleckner, lieut.-col., must, in May 13, 1864;
pro. from major Oct. 21, 1864 ; wounded at
Ream's Station, Va., Aug. 25, 1864; must, out
with regiment July 14, 1865.
George W. Kleckner, com.-sergt., must, in Sept. 7,
1864; pro. from private Co. H Feb. 28,1865;
disch. by G. O. June 2, 1865.
Companies F and I were principally from
Snyder Comity, but contained some men from
tiie other counties included in this work. Com-
]):inies H aod D contained many Mifflin men
with small detachments from Union.
Company F, Snyder CoUxVTY. — Fol-
lowing is a list of the officers and men who
served in Company F, One Hundred and Eighty-
fourth Regiment Penn.sylvauia Volunteers :
Heury K. Kitter, capt., must, in May 13, 1864 ;
wounded at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864;
must, out with company July 14, 1865.
William D. Williams, 1st lieut., must, in May 13, 1864 ;
died at White House, Va., June 9th, of wounds
received at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864.
Henry W. Benfer, 1st lieut., must, in May 12, 1864 ;
pro. from 1st sergt. June 8, 1865 ; must, out witli
company July 14, 1865.
Leonard F. Braham, 2d lieut., must, in May 13, 1864;
disch. Dec. 12th for wounds received at Cold Har-
bor, Va., June 3, 1864.
Samuel K. Hart, 1st sergt., must, in May 12, 1864;
commissioned 2d lieut. Dec. 13, 1864; not must. ;
pro. from sergt. June 8, 1865 ; must, out with
company July 14, 1865 ; veteran.
William Herbster, sergt., must, in May 12, 1864;
must, out with company July 14, 1865.
George C. Hearton, sergt., must, in May 12, 1864;
pro. to corp. Aug. 1, 1864; to sergt. Feb. 28, 1865;
must, out with company July 14, 1865.
Cyrus S. Dull, sergt., must, in May 12, 1864 ; died at
Tremont, Pa., Sept. 14, 1864.
John C. Schnare, sergt., must, in May 12, 1864; cap-
tured at Petersburg, Va., June 22, 1864; died
at Andersonville, Ga., Nov. 7,1864, grave 11,890.
Lorenzo C. Reinoehl, corp., must, in May 12, 1864;
pro. to corp. Oct. 31, 1864 ; must, out with com-
pany July 14, 1865.
Henry F. Reigle, corp, must, in May 12, 1864; pris-
oner from June 22, 1864, to Feb. 20, 1865; must,
out with company July 14, 1865 ; veteran.
John S. Smith, corp., must, in May 12, 1S64; pro.
to corp. Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company
July 14, 1865.
Josepih Richards, Corp., must, in May 12, 1864; pro.
to Corp. Feb. 28, 1865; must, out with company
July 14, 1865.
Henry Ritter, corp., must, in May 12, 1864; pro. to
corp. April 30, 1865 ; must, out with company
July 14, 1865.
John S. StefFer, corp., must, in May 12, 1864; pro. to
Corp. April 30, 1865; must, out with company
July 14, 1865.
George Eckle, corn., must, in May 12, 1864 ; disch.
on surg. certif. June 28, 1865.
Levi Fisher, corp., must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; disch. on
surg. certif. May 30, 1865.
David C. Boyer, corp., must, in May 12, 1864; wounded
at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864; trans, to Co.
K, Twenty-second Regt.V. R. C, date unknown.
Henry H. Herbster, corp., must, in May 12, 1864; died
at City Point, Va., June 25, 1864, of wounds re-
ceived in action.
Jacob Latshaw, corp., mu.st. in May 12, 1864; died at
City Point, Va., June 24, 1864, of wounds re-
ceived in action.
Elias B. Gemberling, corp., must, in May 12, 1864 ;
captured ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Oct. 11,
1864; grave 10,706.
John Gallagher, corp., must, in May 12, 1864; died
at Tremont, Pa., March 6, 1865.
John F. Dull, mus., must, in May 12, 1864; must.
out with company July 14, 1865 ; veteran.
Howard V. Harper, mus., must, in May 12, 1864;
must, out with company July 14, 1865 ; veteran.
Privates.
Henry W. Adams, must, in May 12, 1864; prisoner
from June 22, 1864, to May 1, 1865; must, out
with company July 14, 1865.
Joel Artley, must, in May 12, 1864; missing in action
at Petersburg, Va., June 22, 1864.
William H. Bingaman, must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; must.
out with company July 14, 1865.
James S. Bunnell, must, in May 12, 1864 ; absent,
sick, at muster out.
Robert I. Bingaman, must, in March 8, 1864; absent,
sick, at muster out.
Lewis Bobb, must, in May 12, 1864; disch. on surg.
certif. Oct. 1, 1864.
Frederick Boltz, must, in May 12, 1864; died at
Alexandria, Va., June 16th of wounds received at
Cold Harbor June 3, 1864.
Jacob A. Brower, must, in May 12, 1864; captured ;
died at Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 5, 1864, grave
7940.
John Bankes, must, in May 12, 1864; died at An-
napolis, Md., Dec. 6, 1864.
Monroe Barnes, must, in May 12, 1864; died at City
Point, Va., June 28, 1864.
Lewis F. Brady, must, in Sept. 16, 1864; disch. by G.
O. June 16, 1865.
Samuel Clauser, must, in May 12, 1864; disch. on
surg, certif. March 27, 1865.
Elias Condo, must, in March 29, 1864 ; died at City
Point, Va., June 20, 1864, of wounds received in
a;liou.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
379
Koswell Cline, must, in May 12, 1864; captured; died
at Andersouville, Ga., Oct. 6, 1864, grave 10,439.
Henry F. Clark, must, in May 12, 1864; captured;
died at Andersouville, Ga., Oct. 21, 1864, grave
11,250.
John Diinkleberger, must, in May 12, 1864 ; must.
out with company July 14, 1865.
Gilbert E. Duulap, must, in March 30, 1864 ; must, out
with company July 14, 1865.
Eli Dunn, must, in Feb. 29,1864; must, out with
company July 14, 1865.
Percival Eckle, must, in May 12, 1864; prisoner
from June 22, 1864, to April 9, 1865; disch. by
G. 0. June 5, 1865.
Wra. H. Freed, must, in March 16, 1864; must, out
with company July 14, 1865.
Charles Goldman, must, in May 12, 1864; prisoner
from June 22, 1864, to April 21, 1865; disch. by
G. 0. June 27, 1865.
William Giles, must, in May 12, 1864; disch. by G.
O. June 2, 1865.
Saml. H. Gross, must in May 12, 1864; trans, to Co.
A. 18th Regt. V. R. C, Jau. 15, 1865 ; disch. by
G. O. July 21, 1865.
Benj. Hallman, must, in May 12, 1864; must, out
with company July 14, 1865 ; veteran.
James P. Heckert, must, in 5Iay 12, 1864 ; disch. by
G. O. June 15, 1865.
Jacob Hearter, must, in May 12, 1864 ; prisoner from
June 22, 1864, to April"25, 1865; disch. by G. O.
June 5, 1865.
Jos. Hachenberg, must, in May 12, 1864 ; missing in
action at Petersburg, Va., June 22, 1864.
Harrison Herbster, must, in May 1'?, 1864; missing
in action at Petersburg, Va., June 22, 1864.
John Jones, must, in May 12, 1864; must, out with
company July 14, 1865.
Henry Kaley, must, in May 12, 1864 ; must, out with
company July 14, 1865.
J). H. Kustenbender, must, in May 12, 1864; must.
out with company July 14, 1865.
John Keister, must, in May 12, 1864 ; disch. May 31,
1865, for wounds received in action.
Charles Krise, must, in May 12, 1864 ; prisoner from
June 22, 1864, to April 25, 1865; disch. by G. O.
June 5, 1865.
Wm. J. Klose, must, in May 12, 1864; prisoner from
June 22, 1864, to April 29, 1865 ; disch. by G. O.
June 2, 1865.
Jacob Kline, must, in May 12, 1864; died at Wash-
ington, D. C, June 20, 1864, of wounds I'eceived
in action ; buried in National Cemetery, Arling-
ton, Va.
Jacob Krepps, must, in May 12, 1864; died at Dav-
id's Island, N. Y., Aug. 30,1864; buried in Cy-
press Hill Cemetery, L. I.
Thomas P. Kinman, must, in May 12,1864; captured
at Petersburg, Va., June 22, 1864 ; died at Au-
dersonville, Ga., Sept. 8, 1864, grave 8210.
John F. Laird, must, in May 12, 1864; pri.soner from
June 22, 1864, to April 9, 1865 ; disch. by G. O.
June 5, 1865.
Franklin Lehman, must, in May 12, 1864 ; died at
Washington, D. C, Oct. 16, 1864, of wounds re-
ceived in action.
Jacob Lash, must, in May 12, 1864 ; died at Cold Har-
bor, Va., June 5, 1864, of wounds received in ac-
tion ; buried in National Cemetery, Section B.
John Marks, must, in May 12, 1864; must, out with
company July 14, 1865.
John F. Miller, must, in May 12, 1864; prisoner from
June 22, 1864, to Feb. 5, 1865; must, out with
company July 14, 1865.
Levi Mattern, must, in May 12, 1864; disch. on surg.
certif. May 27, 1865.
Nathaniel Nerhood, must, in May 12, 1864; must,
out with company July 14, 1865.
Peter Nelson, must, in Jan. 19, 1865; must, out with
company July 14, 1865.
John Niver, must, in May 12, 1864 ; wounded at Cold
Harbor, Va., June 8, 1864; trans, to Co. K, 24th
Regt. Vet. Res. Corps; disch. by G. O. July 18,
1865.
Samuel Niver, must, in May 12, 1864; missing in ac-
tion at Petersburg, Va., June 22, 1864.
Willoughby Ocker, must, in May 12, 1864; must, out
with company July 14, 1865.
Henry Reed, must, in May 12, 1864; must, out with
company July 14, 1865.
John Rice, must, in May 12, 1864; wounded at Culd
Harbor, Va., June 3, 1864; disch. by G. O. July
14, 1865.
Henry M. Reinard, must, in May 12, 1864; prisoner
from June 22 to Nov. 19, 1864; disch. by 6. O.
July 14, 1865; veteran.
Henry Rice, must, in May 12, 1864; killed at Peters-
burg, Va., June 22, 1864.
Samuel D. Reed, must, iu May 12, 1864; died at
Alexandria, Va., June 29, 1864.
Emanuel L. Rift'ert, must, in May 12,1864; died at
Annapolis, Md., March 20, 1865.
Isaac E. Romig, must, in May 12, 1864; captured at
Petersburg, Va., June 22, 1864; died at DanviLe
Jan. 20, 1865.
Daniel Stroub, must, in May 12, 1864; must, out
with company July 14, 1865.
Aaron M. Stauft'er, must, in May 12, 1864; must, out
with company July 14, 1865.
Levi Schnare, must, in May 12, 1864 ; missing iu ac-
tion at Petersburg, Va., June 22, 1864.
William Treaster, must, in May 12, 1864; must, out
with company July 14, 1865.
John Tanner, must, iu May 12, 1864; must, out with
company July 14, 1865.
Bantram Treskar, must, in May 12, 1864; must, out
with company July 14, 1865.
Anthony Treskar, must, in M.ay 12, 1864; must, out
with company July 14, 1865.
380
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Jeremiah J. Thomas, must, in May 12, 1864; disch.
ou surg. certif. March 27, 1865.
Eli Treaster, must, in M:iy 12, 1864; died at Alexan-
dria, Va., June 17, 1864, of wounds rec. in action.
Saul H. Whetstone, must, in May 12, 1864; must.
out with company July 14, 1865.
AVilUam Witmer, must, in May 12, 1864; must, out
with company July 14, 1865.
Abram Williams, must, in Jan. 1, 1865; disch. by
G. O. Aug. 12, 1865.
Howard J.Walter, must, in May 12, 1864; died at
Baltimore, Md., April 30, 1865, of wds. rec. in
action ; buried in Nat. Cem., Loudon Park.
William H. Weider, must, in May 12, 1864; captured;
died at Andersonville, Ga., Nov. 19, 1864, grave
12,098.
Reuben Weider, must, in May 12, 1864; captured;
died at Andersonville, Ga., Oct. 26, 1864; grave
11,503.
Company I, Snyder County. — The fol-
lowing served in Company I of the One Hun-
dred and Eighty-fourth :
Lewis C. Edmunds, capt., must, in Sept. 7, 1864;
must, out with company June 2, 1865.
Michael Smith, 1st lient. must, in Sept. 7, 1864; pro.
from pri. Sept. 12, 1864; disch. Jan. 12, 1865, for
wounds reed, at Petersburg, Va., Oct. 2, 1865.
Paul H. Knepp, 1st li^ut., must, in Sept 7, 1864; pro.
fnmi pri. to 2d lieut. Sept. 12, 1864 ; to 1st lieut.
Feb. 15, 1865; must, out with company June 2,
1865.
Charles E. Haus, 2d lieut., must, in Sept. 7,1864;
pro. from 1st sergt. Feb. 21, 1864; must, out with
company July 8, 1865.
James Musser, 1st sergt., must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
Henry Houser, sergt., must, in Sejat. 7, 1864; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
Isaac E. Specht, sergt., must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
Alexander Hommel, sergt., must, in Sept. 7, 1864;
must, out with company June 2, 1865.
Piiilip J. Manbeck, sergt., must, in Sept. 7, 1864;
must, out with company June 2, 1865.
Elias Borman, corp., must, in Sept. 7,1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Joseph M. Bowers, corp., must, in Sept. 7,1864 ; disch.
by G. 0. May 30, 1865.
Levi Hook, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
N. B. Middleswarth, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1864;
must, out with company June 2, 1865.
James W. Bachman, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1864;
must, out with company June 2, 1865.
Jjhn L. Strong, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must.
out with com2Jany June 2, 1835.
Edward Mitchell, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 18C4; must,
out with company June 2, 1865.
Charles C. Fees, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must,
out with company June 2, 1865.
Andrew J. Orwig, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1864; disch.
Dec. 16 for wounds reed, in action near Peters-
burg, Va., Oct. 24, 1864.
Pficates.
Edward Beaver, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Walter Baker, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
David Boush, must, in Sept. 10, 1864; must, out with
company Juno 2, 1865.
A. Baumgardner, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
John L. Bower, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Isaac Bickel, must, in Sep. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
George Bilger, must, in Sept. 10, 1864; disch. March
11, 1865, for wounds received in action at Boyd-
ton Plank-Road, Va., Oct. 27, 1834.
John Culbertson, must, in Sept 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Jacob W. Dreese, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Henry Freed, must, in Sept. 10, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Joseph W. Freese, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; trans, to
Vet. Res. Corps; disch. by G. O. June 7, 1865.
Henry Fall, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out wilh
company June 2, 1865.
John Getz, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
John Gilbert, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; wounded in
action ; disch. by G. O. July 10, 1865.
Aaron Goss, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; mustered out with
company June 2, 1865.
Sepharus Gill, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Henry Grubb, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
J. C. Hackenberry, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Lewis R. Haines, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Reuben Hook, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
George Hackman, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Edward ICi'ickbaum, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Levi Knepp, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
William Kerstetter, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
wilh company June 2, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
381
George Kline, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; mubt. out with.
comi)any June 2, 18()5.
.Tahn W. K rick, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; killed at
Boydton Plank-Road, Va., Oct. 27, 1864.
Wallace Lepley, must, in Sept. 7, 18G4; must, out
with company .Tune 2, 1865.
Michnel Lepley, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1863.
James E. Loss, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; died at Wash-
ington, D. C, Nov. 25, 1864, of wounds received
in action near Petersburg, A''a. ; buried in Na-
tional Cemetery, Arlington.
Frank Lepman, must, in April 5, 1864; not on mus-
ter-out roll.
George A. Musser, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Jeremiah Mohney, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; wounded
in action ; absent, in hospital, at muster out.
John J. Mattern, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
J. F. Middleswarth, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company .June 2, 1865.
Uriah J. Moyer, mustered in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Slichael Narehood, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company .June 2, 1865.
John J. Narehood, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Daniel Peter, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; absent, wounded
at muster out.
Henry J. Peter, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
George Plank, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; died at City
Point, Va., Feb. 17, 1865.
Jacob Eheam, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Wilson Romig, must in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Lewis Ranch, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
John Rahmstine, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; killed near
Petersburg, Va., Oct. 5. 1864 ; buried in Poplar
Grove Nat. Cem., division C, section D, grave 67.
Allen Stock, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Jeremiah H. Smith, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company .Tune 2, 1865.
Joseph Smith, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Jacob O. Smith, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
William O. Smith, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Uriah F. Swengel, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Wm. A. Spigelmyer, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; disch. by
G. O. June 24, 1865.
J. H. S;)igelmyer, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; disjh. by
G. O. June 14, 1865.
Daniel Snook, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Jeremiah J. Spanglcr, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must.
out with con]pany June 2, 1865.
William Spangler, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
John W. Swartz, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
William Steiniuger, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Franklin Specse, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Samuel C. Shunk, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; disch. by
General Order June 24, 1865.
Jacob D. Steiuinger, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; killed
near Petersburg, Va., October 4, 1864 ; buried in
Poplar Grove National Cemetery, division A,
section B, grave 28.
Jesse Spigelmyer, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; died at City
Point, Va., November 1, 1864.
Levi Treaster, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Lewis Treaster, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Reuben Treaster, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Joseph D. Ulsh, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Michael Weand, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must out
with company June 2, 1865.
Samuel A. Wetzel, must, in Sept. 7, 1864, must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Isaac Wetzel, must, in Sept. 7, 1S64; wounded; ab-
sent, in hospital, at muster out.
David F. Walter, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
George Wagner, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with comjiany June 2, 1865.
Edward Wagner, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Henry Wagner, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Andrew Wagner, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with comjiany June 2, 1865.
Amos Wagner, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out witli
company June 2, 1865.
George E. Weaver, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Moses Yetter, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; disch. by Gen-
eral Order June 5, 1865.
ONE HUXDEED AND EIGHTY-FIFTH REGIMENT.
The One Hundred and Eiglity-fiftli Regi-
ment, or Twenty-second Cavalry of Peun.-^yl-
vania, contained a large detachment of men
recruited in MifHin County, and also a numh-jr
of soldiers of the cotinties of Juniata and
Perry.
382
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The recruiting of the companies of this regi-
ment was commenced in 186], the first two
having been raised in Washington County in
the spring and summer of that year, and five
others (also from Washington County) in the
summer and early fall of 1862.
These companies left for the field, success-
ively, immediately after their organization, and
went forward into West Virginia, where the
first two companies saw immediate service, and
^v■here, upon the arrival of the others, all were
formed into the Ringgold Cavalry Battalion,
under command of the senior officer, Captain
John Keys, of the First Company. That First
Company, mustered in June, 1861, under Cap-
tain Keys, had arrived in Virginia in time to
take part, in the following mouth, in the battle
of Eich Mountain, where the enemy's forces,
under General Lee, were defeated, with severe
loss. Again, November 14th, they fought at
French's Gap, Va., with slight loss. At Blue
Gap, near Romney, January 7, 1862, the two
companies (Keys' and Greenfield's) were en-
gaged, and the enemy was driven from the field,
with the loss of two pieces of artillery, wagons
and cainp equipage and with a considerable
number killed, wounded and taken prisoners.
During the month of February they fought at
Bloomery Gap, at Strasburg and at Winchester
under General Shields. In April they were
.engaged at Columbia Furnace, Two Churches
and Rood's Hill. On the 9th of November,
1862, the Ringgold Battalion fought at Dab-
ney's Mills, and during the following winter
and sj)ring the companies composing' the bat-
talion were actively and constantly employed
in scouting and picket duty, in which they per-
formed excellent service. When the Confeder-
ate army advanced into Maryland and Penn-
sylvania in June, 1863, the troops in West
Virginia were ordered to that quarter to co-
operate with the Army of the Potomac in the
general defense. Among them was the Ring-
gold Battalion, which was hastened towards the
Potomac, but did not reach the river until July
8th, four days after the close of the battle of
Gettysburg, when the battalion became engaged
with the cavalry of the enemy at Williams
port, Md. On the following day they fought
at Fairview, on July 17th at Martinsburg and
on the 22d at White Hall. After the escape of
the Confederate army the Ringgold Battalion
was employed in marches, raids and scoutings
during the summer and fall of 1863, but was
engaged in no general battle. On the opening
of the campaign of 1864 it was engaged, Jan-
uary 3d, at Petersbui'g, W. Va., and early in
February at Lexington and Moorefield.
The Ringgold Cavalry Battali<m became
merged in the Twenty-second Pennsylvania
Cavalry, which was organized February 22,
1864. It was composed of the seven com-
panies already mentioned and five other com-
panies (designated as Companies H, I, K, L
and M) which had been reorganized from the
companies of a Pennsylvania six-months' bat-
talion, raised in the summer of 1863 to assist
in repelling Lee's invasion of the State, and
whose term of service had now just expired.
The field officers of the new regiment were
Colonel Jacob Higgins, Lieutenant-Colonel An-
drew J. Greentiekl (pi'omoted from captain of
Company B) and Majors George T. Work,
Elias S. Troxell and Henry A. Meyers. The
Ringgold Battalion and the five other companies
forming the new regiment joined forces and
consolidated as the Twenty-second at Cumber-
land, Md., on the 5th of March, 1864. The
entire regiment remained at Cumberland until
April, when tiie dismounted part of the com-
mand (amounting to more than half the regi-
ment) moved, under command of Lieutenant-
Colonel Greenfield, to Pleasant Valley, Md.,
when the men were mounted, and, about the
middle of May, moved thence to Camp Stone-
man, near Washington, D. C. A month later
the battalion, under Lieutenant-Colonel Green-
field, was ordered to Martiusburg, where it was
assigned to duty with the brigade of Colonel
Mulligan, the battalion being now placed under
command of Major Troxell. During the month
of July it fought bravely at Leetown, at Mary-
land Heights, Snicker's Gap and Snicker's
Ferry. In August, being then under command
of Lieutenant-Colonel Greenfiehi, it joined the
cavalry division of General Torbert, in the
Army of the Shenandoah, under General
Sheridan, and fought in numerous actions, in-
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
383
c'liidiiig Kernstowii, Opequan, Berryville and
Charlestown, Va.
The otlier detadiinont or battalion of tlie
T\vent_y-second, wliich liad remained at Cum-
berland when the dismounted men marched for
the Pleasant Valley camp in April, 18(J4, as
before mentioned, soon left Cuml)crland, and,
joining the forces of General Hunter, took part
in that general's campaign against Lyncihburg,
Va., where they fought on the 12th of July,
and afterwards fought in the battles of Kerns-
town and New Market, July 2oth, it being
then under command of Major Work and in
the brigade commanded by Colonel Higgins, of
the Twenty-second. Afterwards it formed part
of the forces wliich, under General Averill,
pursued the Confederate General MeCausland
on his retreat from the burning of Chambers-
burg, Pa., and overtaking him at Moorefield,
Va., fought a decisive battle, totally routing
the enemy and capturing all his artillery. In
this engagement the battalion, under Major
Work, pei'formed very valuable service, and
behaved with marked gallantry.
Soon after this the two detachments of the
Twenty-second were united at Hagerstown, Md.,
and the entire regiment, then under command
of Lieutenant-Colonel Greenfield, moved with
the cavalry forces of General Averill across the
Potomac into Virginia, where the enemy was
encountered on the 31st of August. In this
engagement Averill's division was outnumbered
and compelled to retire towards Falling Waters,
Va. Again advancing, the cavalry division
met the enemy at Darkesville September 2d
and gained a decided advantage, capturing the
Confederate wagon-train. On the two days
next succeeding, the Twenty-second, with its
division, fought the enemy, who were found in
superior force, at Bunker Hill and Stephen-
son's Station, no decisive advantage being
gained by either side.
On the 7th, at Darkesville, another battle
was fought and the Confederate force defeated,
with heavy loss. Again, on the 12th and 15th
of the same month, at Bunker Hill and Buck-
leytown respectively, Averill's forces were en-
gaged, and the Twenty-second showed its usual
gallantry. On the 18th the regiment made a
grand charge on the Southern line at Martin.s-
burg, ending in the defeat of the enemy, who
was on the following day driven, in some dis-
order, towards Winchester. Late in the day
the Twenty-second, then commanded by Major
Troxell, took part in the furious charge of the
cavalry at Opequan, which ended in the entire
rout of the Confederate forces under Early,
and sent them "whirling up the valley." In
this the Twenty-second captured a battery and
a large number of prisoners. At Fisher's Hill
Early again stood for battle, and again he was
routed, the Twenty-second sustaining its full
share of the fighting, as it also did on the 26th
at Mount Veruon Forge.
On the 27th, Early's forces attacked in su-
perior numbers and the regiment suifered
severely, but held its ground in the face of
overwhelming odds, and did at least as much
as any otlier regiment towards averting general
disaster and saving the wagon-trains of the
whole division.
In the action of this day Major Work and
Adjutant Iseuberg were seriously wounded and'
several officers of the regiment taken prisoners.
Lieutenant-Colonel Greenfield was on this oc-
casion in command of the brigade. On the
19th of October the regiment fought splendidly
and sustained severe loss in killed and wounded
in the historic battle of Cedar Creek, when the
day was barely saved by tlie arrival of Sheri-
dan " from Winchester, twenty miles away."
A few days later the Twenty-second went into
camp at Martinsburg, remaining there about
two mouths.
From about the 20tli of December, through
the winter of 1864-65, the regiment was con-
stantly engaged in scouting and operations
against Confederate guerrillas in the mountain
regions of West Virginia, in which service the
men were kept almost continually in the saddle,
exposed to every kind of hardship and priva-
tion.
Of the two companies raised in 1861 many
of the men had re-enlisted as veterans in
18G4; and those who did not so re-enlist were
mustered out at expiratiou of their term of
servdee. In April, 1865, nearly one-half of
those remaining in the regiment were nuisterctl
384
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
out, their teroi of service having expired. The
rest remained in service till after the close of
the war, and in tlie latter part of June, 1865,
the remnant was consolidated with a pai't of
the Eighteenth Cavalry, forming what was
known as the Third Pnjvisional Cavalry, which
remained on duty in West Virginia about four
months longer, and was mustered out of service
on the last day of October at Cumberland, Md.
L.NE HUNDRED AND EIOIITY-SEVENTH EEGI-
MENT.
Twenty-six men from Perrj' County were in
Companies I) and K of this regiment, viz.:
Company D. — The following served in Com-
jiany D of the One Hundred and Eighty-
se\enth :
Henry H. Peck, sergt., must, iu June 26, 1863 ; disch.
Aug. 3, 1865 ; veteran.
Henry C. Shearer, corp., must, in Feb. 25, 1864;
disch. Aug. 3, 1865 ; veteran.
Alexander Kennedy, corp., must, in Feb. 5, 1864;
disch. Aug. 3, 1865 ; veteran.
David Morrison, corp., must, in Feb. 25, 1864 ; disch.
Aug. 3, 1865.
Pritinfes.
George N. Allen, must, in Feb. 25, 1864 ; disch. Aug.
3, 1865.
William H. Burtnett, must, in Feb. 10, 1864; disch.
Aug. 3, 1865.
Peter Gensler, must, in Feb. 25, 1864 ; disch. Aug.
3, 1865.
John F. Gensler, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; disch. Aug.
3, 1865.
William P. Gensler, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; killed
June IS, 1864, in front of Petersbuig, Va.
William J. Kiner, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; disch.
Aug. 3, 1865.
Nutlianiel Kennedy, must, iu Feb. 25,1864; disch.
Aug. 3, 1865.
Aaron Keck. must, in Feb. 10, 1864; wounded June
18, 1864; disch. June 3, 1865.
John I. Kiner, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; wounded.
William T. Morrison, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; disch.
Aug. 3, 1865.
Henry Nonemaker, must, in Feb. 10, 1864; died at
Alexandria, Va., July 14, 1864, grave No. 2395.
.Toseph Sheafler, must, in July 1, 1863 ; disch. Aug.
3, 1865.
Wellington Sheaffer, must, in Feb. 19, 1864; disch.
Aug. 3, 1865; veteran.
Michael Shannafelser, must, in Feb. 25, 18C4; disch.
Aug. 3, 1865 ; veteran.
David Sheriff, must, in Feb. 19, 1864; died at Ncw-
ville. Pa., Dec. 18, 1864.
Henry Toomy, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; killed atWel-
don R. E., Va., Aug. 19, 1864; buried iu Poplar
Grove National Cemetery Va.
William W. Umholtz, must, in Feb. 10, 1864 ; disch.
Aug. 3, 1865 ; veteran.
John Warner, must, in Feb. 25, 1864 ; disch. Aug.
3, 1865.
Company K. — The following served in
Company K of the One Huudred and Eighty-
.sevcnth :
Prifafes.
Z. T. Baltawser, must, iu May 13, 18j4; disch. on
burg. certif., date unknown.
Corny Rhoads, must, in May 4, 1864; disch. Aug.
3, 1865.
John W. Minnich, must, in May 4, 186-1 ; disch. Aug.
3, 1865.
Nicholas Sweger, must, in May 4, 1864 ; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864 ; died at home ;
buried in Bloomfield.
ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FOUETH REGI-
MENT.
Tho One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Regi-
ment (one hundred days' service) contained one
company of Mifflin County men, under com-
mand of Captain George W. Staats. The regi-
ment was recruited in the summer of 1864, and
was organized at Camp Curtin in July of that
year, under command of Colonel James Nagle.
On the 22d of that month it moved to Balti-
more, where, at several diftl'rent camps as head-
quarters, and with the several companies po.stcd
as detachments at a number of diif srent points,
it remained engaged in provost duty, and in the
guarding of reci'uits and pri.soners of war, dur-
ing all its tei'm of service, at the expiration of
which the companies and detachments were
brought in from their posts and moved to Har-
risburg, where the regiment was mustered out
ou the 6th of November, 1864.
Company H. Mifflin County.^ — The fol-
lowing served iu Company H of the One Hun-
di'ed and Ninety-fourth :
Geo. W. Staats, capt, must, in July 20, 1864; must.
out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
John W. Kartner, 1st lieut., must, in July 20, 1864 ;
must, out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Francis S. Haeseler, 2d lieut., must, in July 20, 1864 ;
must, out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
.John H. Jervis, 1st sergt., must, in July 20, 1864;
must, out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
385
Joseph Boedefeld, sergt., must, in July 20, 1864;
must, out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
William Christian, sergt., must, in July 20, 1864;
must, out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
James M. Hughes, sergt., must, in July 20, 1804;
must, out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
John A. Kirkpatrick, sergt., must, in July 20, 1864;
must, out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
John F. Rigg, corp., must, in July 20, 1864 ; must.
out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
William H. Francis, corp., must, in July 20, 1864;
pro. to corp. Sept. 6, 1864 ; must, out with com-
pany Nov. 6, 1864.
William Dicua, corp., must, in July 20, 1864; must.
out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Robert G. Wilson, corp., must, in July 20, 1864; must. '
out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Albert S. Haeseler, corp., must, in July 20, 1864 ;
must, out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Lewis Cline, corp., must, in July 20, 1864 ; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
James M. Madison, corp., must, in July 20, 1864;
must, out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
William G. Shirtel, corp., must, in July 20, 1864; pro.
to corp. Sept. 6, 1864 ; must, out with company
Nov. 6, 1864.
Joseph Redcay, corp., must, in July 20, 1864; trans.,
date and organization unknown.
Henry Sihson, corp., must, in July 20, 1 864 ; trans
to 97th Regt. P. V. Sept. 6, 1864.
John Snyder, musician, must, in July 20, 1864; must.
out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
James Sterling, musician, must, in July 20, 1X64 ;
must, out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Privates.
Elijah Allen, must, in July 20, 1864 ; trans, to 97th
Regt. P. v., date unknown.
Michael Burns, must, in July 20, 1864 ; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
John Bomm, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out with
company Nov. 6, 1864.
Jacob Brandt, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out with
company Nov. 6, 1864.
Taylor Brownwell, must, in July 20, 1864.
Warren S. Casterlin, musi. in July 20, 1864; must.
out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Dennis C. Casterlin, must, in July 20, 1864; must.
out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Arthur C. Connery, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
James Chesuut, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
James Doolan, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Thomas Davis, must, in July 20, 1864 ; must, out with
company Nov. 6, 1864.
John W. Davis, must, in July 20, 1864 ; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
25
James Delaney, must, in .luly 20, 1864; trans, to
97th Regt. P. v., date unknown.
Benjamin T.Fisher, mu.st. in July 20,1864; mu.st. out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Henry Faull, must, in July 20, 1864 ; must, out with
company Nov. 6, 1864.
George Fox, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out with
company Nov. 6, 1864.
Jacob M. Faust, must, in July 20,1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
George Gottschall, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Isaac K. Good, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
John A. Garren, must, in July 20, 1864.
Elijah Hofl'mau, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Charles Howard, must, in July 20, 1864 ; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Harrison Hood, must, in July 20,1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Robert Houck, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Benjamin Howell, must, in July 20, 1864 ; trans, to
97th Regt. P. v., date unknown.
Philip Horn, must, in July 20, 1864; trans, to 97th
Regt. P. V , date unknown.
Philip J. Klahr, must, in July 20, 1864.
Adam Kledinst, must, in July 20, 1864.
Thomas Kline, must, in July 20, 1864.
James Leonard, must, in July 20, 1864.
Jonah Lewis, must, in July 20, 1864; trans., date and
organization unknown.
Conrad Magee, must, in July 20, 1864.
William Morgan, must, in July 20, 1864.
Jacob Miller, must, in July 20, 181)4.
Thomas Magee, must, in July 20, 1864; trans, to 97th
Regt. P. v., date unknown.
George W. Martin, must, in July 20, 1864; trans, to
97th Regt. P. v., date unknown.
David Moore, must, in July 20,^,1864; died at Balti-
more, Md., Aug. 11, 1864.
John A. Oliver, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Thomas O'Brien, must, in .July 20, 1864; trans, to
97th Regt. P. v., date unknown.
Isaac Purnell, must, in July 20, 1864; disch. by S. O.
June 29, 1865.
Michael Reynolds, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Samuel Reed, must, in July 20, 1864; nuist. out with
company Nov. 6, 1864.
Benjamin Riggle, must, in July 20, 1864; trans., date
and organization unknown,
Wendall Reiraan, must, in July 20, 1864; trans., date
and organization unknown.
Edward Ramsay, must, in July 20, 1864; trans., date
and organization unknown.
James M. Rogers, must, in July 20, 1864.
386
JUNIATA Ax\D SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Jeremiah Sterner, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
William Smith, must, in July 20, 1864 ; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Benjamin F. Smith, must, in July 20,1864; must.
out with company Nov. 6, 1864.
John Silliman, must, in July 20, 1864 ; must, out with
company Nov. 6, 1864.
Emanuel Shaab, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
William Sponsor, must, in July 20, 1864 ; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
James Smith, must, in July 20, 1864 ; must, out with
company Nov. 6, 1864.
Levi A. Steiner, must, in July 20, 1864 ; must, out with
company Nov. 6, 1864.
Peter Smith, must, in July 20, 1864 ; must, out with
company Nov. 6, 1864.
Timothy J. Sullivan, must, in July 20, 1864; disch.
by S. O. May 31, 1865.
Michael Umberger, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Charles Ulmer, must, in July 20, 1864 ; trans, to 97th
Kegt. P. V. Sept. 6, 1864.
Nicholas Watkins, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Edw. Williams, must, in July 20,1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
John Wolfinger, must, in July 20, 1864; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
Thomas Wren, must, in July 20, 1864 ; trans, to 97th
Regt. P. v., date unknown.
Charles Yeager, must, in July 20, 1864 ; must, out
with company Nov. 6, 1864.
ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIFTH REGIMENT.
The One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Regiment,
which was first recruited as a hundred days' reg-
iment, was organized on the 24th of" July, 1864,
with Joseph W. Fisher, colonel ; ^^'illiam L.
Bear, lieutenant-colonel; and Oliver C. James,
major. As soon as it was organized it went to
Baltimore, and thence to Monocacy Junction,
where it remained two months, engaged in guard
duty and drill. On the 1st of October it went
to Berkeley County, West Va., and did guard
duty along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad till
the expiration of its term of service.
Three hundred of the men re-enlisted for one
year, and these were organized in three compa-
nies, and remained on duty, under command of
Captain Henry D. Markley. On the 16th of
March these were joined by seven other compa-
nies that had been recruited chiefly by Colonel
Fisher, and the One Hundred and Ninety-fifth
was reorganized. It soon afterwards went to
Charlestown, and thence, on the 1st of April, to
guard some fords on the Shenandoah River for
a short time. It then went to Stevenson's Sta-
tion, and on the 22d of April to Berryville,
where it remained till the 6th of June engaged
in provost duty. It was then sent to Staunton,
and the three companies that had first re-enlisted
were mustered out. On the 1st of Angust the
remainder of the regiment arrived at Washing-
ton, where it guarded government property till
January 31, 1866, when it was mustered out.
One of tiie companies of this regiment (F) was
largely composed of Mifflin County men.
TWO HUNDRED AND FIRST REGIMENT.
The Two Hundred and First Regiment (one
year's service) was raised in the summer of 1864,
and organized at Camp Curtin on the 29th of
August, under command of Colonel F. Asbury
Awl. The regiment contained a squadron of
Perry County men, recruited at Duncannon.
Immediately after organization it moved to a
camp near Chambersburg, where it remained
until a little after the middle of September,
when the companies were ordered to various
points widely separated, and employed in hos-
pital, provost and other duty, several of the
companies being afterwards posted as guards
along the line of the Manassas Gap Railroad,
with headquarters first at Gainesville and after-
wards at Thoroughfare Gap. One company
was sent to Scranton, Pa., for provost duty.
About the middle of November the command
was moved to Camp Slough, at Alexandria,
Va., and there employed in guard and esct)rt
duty. In May, 1865, one company, which had
been on duty at Bloody Run, was posted at
Pittsburgh, Pa., and employed as a provost
guard, and the luain body was removed from
Alexandria to Fort Delaware, when it was
ordered to Harrishurg, and there mustered out
of service on the 21st of that month.
TWO HUNDRED AND SECOND REGIMENT.
The Two Hundred and Second Regiment
(one year's service) was organized at Camp Cur-
tin September 3, 1864, under Colonel Charles
Albright. One company (B) was composed al-
most entirely of Juniata County men, and an-
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
387
other company (I) was recruited in the county of
Union ; and men of Perry County were found
in several of the other companies.
On tlie 10th of September the regiment moved
to Chamborsburg, Pa., and thence ou the 30th
to Alexandria, Va. From there it was ordered
to tlie Manassas Gap Railroad to guard the line,
and keep it open for the transportation of sup-
plies to the Army of the Shenandoah. In this
duty it was several times engaged with guerril-
las, who infested that region and obstructed the
railroad and threw a train off the track, killing
several soldiers and wounding twenty, for which
act the troops burned all the houses within a
mile of the scene of the outrage. Afterwards
citizens of rebel proclivities were compelled to
ride on each train, and by this course their safe-
ty was secure for the future.
In December the regiment moved to Fairfax,
and was placed on duty on the Orange and Al-
exandria Railroad, and in fortifying at different
points along the line, but saw no fighting except
occasional skirmishing with guerrillas. In May,
1865, the regiment was moved to Pennsylvania,
and was posted at Tamaqua and other points in
the anthracite region, where it remained on duty
until its muster out at Harrisburg, August 3,
1865.
Field and Staff. — The following field and
staff officers served in the Two Hundred and
Second :
Lieutenant-Colonel: John A. Maus.
Surgeon : S. Caraon McCormick.
Company B, Juniata County. — The fol-
lowing served in Company B of the Two Hun-
dred and Second :
Lewis Degan, capt., must, in SejJt. 3, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
William N.Sterrett, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ;
must, out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Abner S. Bear, 2J lieut., must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must.
out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
David P. Showers, 1st sergt., must, in Sept. 2, 1864;
must, out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
William C. Logan, sergt., must, in Sept. 2, 1864;
must, out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Jacob R. Martin, sergt., must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must.
out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Solomon B. Kaufman, sergt., must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ;
must, out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Wallis Rodgers, sergt., must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must.
out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
David Cunningham, corp., must, in Sept. 2,1864;
must, out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Henry Klecl^ner, corp., must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must.
out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Adam Bumgardner, corp., must, in Sept. 2,1864;
must, out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
William Bristline, corp., must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must.
out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Howard Andrews, corp., must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must.
out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
William W. Reed, corp., must, in Aug. 24, 1864;
must, out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Edw. Smith, corp., must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; pro. to
corp. Oct. 30, 1864; must, out with company
Aug. 8, 1865.
David Bitner, corp., must, in Sept. 2, 1864; pro. to
corp. Oct. 30, 1864; must, out with company
Aug. 3, 1865.
Privates.
Wilson E. Auman, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Samuel Brandt, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
George W. Beaver, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Adam Bitner, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
William Bailor, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
John Bailor, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
John Brannen, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
John C. Hartley, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Henry W. Bailsr, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Edmund Bailor, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
James B. Birohtield, nmst. in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Andrew Bowerson, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Benjamin F. Birchfield, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must.
out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Thomas Bucaneer, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Lewis Borham, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
Samuel Bonsall, must, in Aug. 22, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Thomas J. Campbell, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must.
out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Thomas Divinny, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
David Dasher, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
388
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Rufus W. Davis, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1S65.
William Dawnly, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
John Dixon, must, in Aug. 16, 1864.
Jacob Dull, must, in Sept. 2, 1864.
William H. Ewing, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Daniel Fisher, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
Benj. Fisher, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
Daniel Foltz, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
William Foagleman, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
George Fetters, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
David Fink, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
Samuel W. Foster, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Isaac Garman, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
Thomas Guyer, must, in Sept. 4, 1864 ; must, out with
compan}' Aug. 3, 1865.
Solomon Howder, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
John J. HoUiwell, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
George M. Howard, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
David Holtzapple, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Eph. B. Hoghawout, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
George R. Hall, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
S. L. Hollinbaugh, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
John Hartman, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
Eph. Huntsbarger, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; disch. by
G. O. June 23, 1865.
William Isenberg, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
George Kniseley, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Amos Kirk, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
James C. Kiser, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
Samuel Kiser, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
John B. Kissinger, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Edw. H. Krauss, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Eph. Lauver, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
Michael Lyghter, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
John W. Leach, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Henry Moore, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
Henry L. Metlin, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Ephraim Moyer, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Wm. B. Moore, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Ephraim Mahaffey, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
.lames McCahern, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
James E. McCahen, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Wm. B. McCahen, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Martin Naugle, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Frank W. Nichols, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with comisany Aug. 3, 1865.
Geo. B. Peck, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
James Peck, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
Jeremiah Rowe, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Wm. J. Roe, mu.st. in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3,1865.
Wm. B. Rice, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3,1865.
Wm. S. Rice, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
Mallon M.Richards, must, in Jan. 25, 1865; must.
out with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Wash'n Reeder, must, in Sept. 2, 1864.
Alexander G. Smith, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Frederick Showers, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Henry Snyder, must, in Sept 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
Andrew Shover, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
Daniel Sheriff, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
John Stayner, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company Aug. 3, 1865.
William Showers, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Samuel Swartz, must, in Jan. 25, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Henry L. Schick, must, in Sept. 4, 1864; pro. to prin-
cipal mus. Sept. 4, 1864.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
389
John E. Seville, must, in Sept. 14, 1864 ; disch. by
G. O. June 23, 18G5.
John G. Telfer, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
John Vaughan, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
James B. Vaughan, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
S. M. Woodward, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Absalom Wise, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Clark W. Wright, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
Geo. W. Wise, must, in Aug. 16, 1864.
Philip S. Zindt, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company Aug. 3, 1865.
CoJiPAXY I, Union Cot^xty. — The follow-
ing .served in Company I of the Twt) Hundred
and Second :
Captain.
Jacob Neyhart.
First Lieutenant.
Jacob H. Browu.
Second Lieutenant.
George Y. McLaughlin.
First Sergeant.
John B. Ritner.
Sergeants.
William P. Allen. Samuel S. Rank.
James P. Gundy. George H. Gressinger.
Corporals.
Enos Zentmeyer. George Himmerdinger.
Joseph C. Dull. Henry S. Dewey.
John W. Brown. John M. Brown.
Samuel S. Hess. Zaccheus Cornelius.
Musician.
Cameron JlcGregor.
Pi
Amos G. Becher.
William Becher.
John Bently.
Hosea Bogart.
Joseph Bogart.
Francis Bower.
C. W. Brintzehofi'.
John Brobst.
William W. Brown.
Shelter Chappel.
Charles Chappel.
Charles W. Chappel.
Jesse Cleaver.
Jesse M. Cornelius.
Andrew M. Cornelius.
Levi Dennis.
Lester P. Dicker.
ivates.
D. A. Diffenderfer.
Jonathan F. Elce.
James S. Ellis.
Jacob Engle.
Elias Engleman.
James Eveland.
John Everet.
H. M. Fahnestock.
,Tohn H. Fesler.
Cyrus Fetter.
Jared Fisher.
John H. Fisher.
Paul Fisher.
Charles W. Flick.
Henry G. Gebhart.
Hiram Good.
.Toseph W. Gossness.
William Ginter.
Isaiah Gussler.
James R. Hahn.
David Hahn.
J. D. Hawkenberry.
John Haynes.
Jacob Heister.
.Toseph Hess.
Henry Hester.
James Hooveman.
Daniel Huff.
James Huff.
John S. Huff.
David Huff.
Benjamin Hummel.
Frederick Hummel.
Henry Irwin.
John .Tamison, Sr.
Augustus B. Jamison.
John Keener.
Jacob Keyser.
George W. Kint.
John S. Kupp.
William Landaw.
William Leonard.
Benjamin Leonard.
Peter Long.
Charles Lynn.
John A. Mathias.
Joseph P. Miller.
Michael S. Mowrer.
Andrew Nagle.
Daniel Newman.
Amariah H. Pierce.
Lemuel .F. Plainer.
Edward Powers.
Martin J. Rank.
David Rank.
John Kahrer.
Benjamin F. Reichley.
William A. Reichley.
George E. Reitmeyer.
D. K. Reitmeyer.
James Rohrabach.
Hiram Sanders.
Charles Sanders.
Henry W. Sanders.
George L. Sanders.
John B. Search.
James Shannon.
William Shannon.
David G. Slear.
Jeremiah Smith.
David Speece.
John Swartz.
Henry O. Taylor.
Martin Trester.
Jesse H. Wagner.
Henry Wertz.
George Williams.
Abraham Young.
James A. Young.
. TWO HUXDREO AN1> FIFTH REGIMENT.
The Two Hundred and Fifth Regiment had
its rendezvous at Camp Curtin, where it was
organized on the 2d of September, 1864, and
was mustered into the service for one year under
the following-named field officers, viz. : Colonel
Joseph A. Matthews, Lieutenant-Colonel Wil-
liam F. Walter, jNIajor B. Mortimer Morrow,
who had previously served with honor in the
Eighty-fourth Regiment. Many of tlie en-
listed men of the Two Hundred and Fifth were
veterans of the early service. Two of the
companies (F and K) were raised in INIiiflin
County.
On tiie -Sth of September the regiment left
Harrisburg and went to the front, caiuping at
Fort Corcoran, on the Washington defenses,
but soon after moved to City Point, Va., as an
escort to about thirteen hundred recruits and
drafted men, destined for General Grant's army
in front of Petersburg. At City Point the ra-
iment was engaged in fatigue and picket duty.
390
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Early in October it joined the Army of the
James, but about three weeks later it was trans-
ferred to the Army of the Potomac and assigned
to General Hartranft's provisional brigade,
which was attached to the Ninth Corps, and
which, about the middle of December, became
a part of the Third Division of that corps. Gen-
eral Hartranft compianding the division and
Colonel Matthews the brigade. The camp of
the regiment was at Fort Prescott, on the
" Army-Line Railroad," where, with the divi-
sion, it made winter-quarters, the other divi-
sions of the Ninth Corps holding positions in
its front.
The first battle of the regiment was the re-
taking of Fort Steadman, which had been pre-
viously captured by the enemy in a sudden and
overwhelming assault. It was in the early
gray of the morning (March 25, 1865) that the
troops were formed in line for the attack. The
Two Hundred and Fifth was held in reserve
and in support of Hartranfl's first line, where
it remained for more than an hour. The as-
sault Avas made with great impetuosity and the
work was carried in gallant style. The regi-
ment captured a number of prisoners and lost
ten wounded in the action. But the severest
battle in which the Two Hundred and Fifth
was engaged was the first assault on the works
of the inner line at Petersburg, in the morning
of April 2d. The regiment formed at eleven
o'clock p. M. of the 1st, and at one A. M. of the
2d moved forward to the rear of Fort Sedg-
wick, then advanced and formed a line of bat-
tle nearly on the picket line. At daylight the
whole line advanced to the attack. The regi-
ment assaulted Battery No. 30, carried it, tak-
ing a number of prisoners, and held the work
against several determined assaults made by the
enemy during the day. It remained on the
front line till two o'clock A. M. of the 3d,
when it was relieved. In this engagement the
regiment was exposed to the heaviest fire of
musketry and artillery and suffered a loss of one
hundred and twenty-one killed and wounded
and five missing.
On the 3d of April the regiment moved to
the front of the Petersburg works and found
them evacuated. It then marched with the other
troops, to Burkesville Junction, repairing the
South Side Railroad as it proceeded. It remained
at Burkesville till after the war had been ended
by the surrender of the Confederate armies un
der Lee and Johnston, when it moved back to
City Point and there embarked for Alexandria,
near which place (at Fairfax Seminary) it re-
mained until ordered to Pennsylvania. It was
mustered out June 2, 1865. Following is a
list of the officers and enlisted men of the Mif-
flin County companies.
Colonel William Willis is descended
from Scotch ancestry, and is the grandson of
Joseph Willis, who resided near Columbia,
Lancaster County, where he was an enterpris-
ing farmer. The latter married a Miss jNIel-
drum, of the same county, whose chil-
dren were Samuel, John, George, James, Robert,
Joseph, Charles, William, Thomas, Henry,
Peggy, Sarah and Nancy.
The birth of John Willis occurred on the
homestead, in Lancaster County, in 1796. He
devoted his life to the occupations of a farmer
in his native county, having married Fanny,
daughter of John Shupe, also of the same
county. Their children are William, Henry,
John, Elizabeth (Mrs. George Wilson, of Read-
ing), Mary (Mrs. J. Goshe, also of Reading),
Susan (Mrs. Landorn Carter, of California, de-
ceased), Sarah (Mrs. Christian Leib, of Lan-
caster), Charlotte (Mrs. Thomas Winnemore, of
Iowa), Fanny (Mrs. William F. Breckon, of
Iowa) and Anna (Mrs. Frank Canders, of Ot-
tawa, III).
William Willis, the subject of this sketch,
was born April 24, 1821, in Mountville, Lan-
caster County, Pa., and in childhood removed
to Mount Joy, in the same county. Tiie neces-
sity for acquiring habits of industry in early
years precluded opportunities for a thorough
education, and at the age of fourteen, on leav-
ing the farm, he was engaged as conductor of a
freigiit train, first on the Harrisburg and Lan-
caster Railroad, and later on the Columbia and
Philadelphia Railroad, both of which were at
that time controlled by the State. At the age
of sixteen he became an engineer, but later re-
turned to the position of conductor. Deciding
to change his employment, he entered a furnace
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
391
in Marietta, Pa., as au employe, and finally ac-
cepted the position of manager for Schoenberger
& Musselman, which he filled from 1847 to
1853, when Lewistown became his home.
Here he acted as manager of the Lewistown
furnace until 1858 and then embarked in the
milling and grain business. Disposing of his
interest in the latter enterprise, in 1864 he en-
tered the army in defense of his native State,
then invaded bv the rebel forces. He became
gan Iron Company, of which he was both
superintendent and president. He is also ex-
tensively interested in contracting and in vari-
ous commercial enterprises, including the cpiar-
rying of limestone, and fills the office of
director of the Mifflin County National Bank.
In politics he is a Republican and has filled
various local offices, such as chief burgess,
school director, etc. He is a director of the
Gettysburg Theological Seminary. He was, on
TyiiU'ciyyy^ /^..^^^
second lieutenant of Company F, Two Hundred
and Fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers,
and served until the close of the war, partici-
pating in the engagements at Hatcher's Run,
Ya., the retaking of Fort Sedgwick, Va., and
at Petei-sburg. Declining a colonel's commis-
sion on account of ill health, he accepted the
position of quartermaster and also acted as com-
missary of his brigade. On returning again to
civil life, Colonel Willis embarked in the manu-
facture of iron, in connection with the Glamor-
the 2d of February, 1855, appointed aid-de-
camp to Governor Pollock, with the rank of
lieutenant-colonel. He is a member of the
Evangelical Lutheran Church, of Lewistown,
in which he has, since 1855, been an elder.
He is a member of the Lewistown Lodge, Chap-
ter and Coramandery of Free and Accepted
Masons and has filled the leading offices in
each of these organizatious.
Colonel Willis was, on the 25tb of August,
1841, married to Susan, daughter of Philip
392
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA COUNTIES IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Schaum, whose children are a son (William)
and a daughter (Teresa), both deceased.
Mrs. Willis has three brothers — Frederick
Schaum, George Schaum and William Schaum
— all of whom served in the Union army,
Frederick being also a veteran of the Mexican
War.
Company F, Mifflin County. — The fol-
lowing served in Company F of the Two
Hundred and Fifth :
Jacob r. Hamaker, capt., must, in Sept. 2, 1864
must, out with company June 2, 1865.
John Swan, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must.
out with companj' June 2, 1865.
Henry Printz, 2d lieut., must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must
out with company June 2, 1865.
John A. Boyer, 1st sergt., must, in Sept. 2, 1864
must, out with comjjany June 2, 1865.
Thomas J. Cameron, sergt., must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ;
mustered out with company June 2, 1865.
George B. Stewart, sergt., must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must,
out with company June 2, 1865.
John R. Hesser, sergt., must, in Sept. 2(>, 1864 ; pro
to sergt. April 2, 1865 ; must out with company
June 2, 1865.
William A. Troxel, sergt., must, in Sept. 1, 1864
killed at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; buried
in National Cemetery, City Point, sec. E, div. 2,
grave 26.
Henry E. Kirk, cor]>., must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must.
out with company .June 2, 1865.
Charles W. Stahl, corp., must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
Andrew J. Sturgis, corp., must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
Henry Sherman, corp., must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
John D. Lotz, corp., must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
Casper D. Criswell, corp., must, in August 26, 1864;
must, out with company June 2, 1865.
John Perryhill, corp., must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
Peter Higo, corp., must, in Sept. 1, 1864; pro. to
corp. April 2, 1865; must, out with company
June 2, 1865.
George W. Graul, mus., must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
Peter Keen, mus., 'must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Privates.
Eph'm D. Auner, must, in Aug. 26, 18(!4 ; nmst. out
with company .Tune 2, 1865.
.John K. Aultz, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Isaac Aurand, must, in Sept. 1, 1864;diedOct. 6, 1864.
Charles Austin, must, in Sept. 1, 1864.
James Bishop, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Albert C. Burns, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; disch. by G.
O. June 26, 1865.
Andrew Brehman, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
John E. Barr, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
John Barr, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
George W. Bolinger, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Robert Buchanan, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Michael Blouch, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Michael B. Bloom, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; disch. by
G. O. May 15, 1865.
William Bell, must, in Sept. 1,1864; killed at Pe-
tersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; buried in National
Cemetery, City Point, Va., section C, division 2,
grave 33.
Joseph Carrigan, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
James W. Cargill must, in Sept. 1,1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Josiah H. Conley, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; pro. to
q.m. -sergt. Sept. 2, 1864.
Charles R. Dalby, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
John W. Dunmire, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; mustered
out with company June 2, 1865.
George Dull, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
James B. Eckelbarger, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
Mathias P. Essick, must, in Aug. 26,1864; not on
muster-out roll.
John Fincle, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Daniel Finicle, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; mustered out
with company June 2, 1865.
John Fields, must, in Aug. 22, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
William H. Freed, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
John Forsyth, must, in Sept 1, 1864; must, out with
June 2, 1865.
John Gochanauer, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Isaac Goddard, must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
John Gephart, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Henry Hassinger, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
THE WAR FOK THE UNION.
393
George S. Hunt, must, in Sept. 1, 1804; must, out
with company June 2, 18(55.
Howard F. Hess, must, in Sept. 1, 18(54 ; disch. by
G. 0. June 17, 18(55.
Robert A. Jackson, must, in Aug. 21, 18(54 ; di.sch. by
G. 0. June 6, 1865.
Joseph Jenkins, must, in Aug. 2(i, 18(54 ; absent, sick,
at muster out.
Andrew J. Jenkins, must, in Sept. 1, 18(54 ; must, out
with company June 2, 18(55.
Sanil. Jenkins, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 18G5.
Isaac Johnson, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; not on muster-
out roll.
Josepli M. Limes, must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; must, out
witli company June 2, 1865.
John Lilley, must, in Sept. 1,1864; must out with
company June 2, 1865.
Jno. S. Langton, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Lewis W. Limes, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Jno. S. Lawrer, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; not on muster-
out roll.
Jno. C. Lyter, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; killed at Pet-
ersburg, Va., April 2, 1865.
Wm. W. Mayes, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Wm. Martin, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Joseph Mallard, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Thomas Miller, must, in Sept. 1, 1S64 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
John Moon, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2,1865.
Benj. S. Mumper, must, in Sept. 1, 18(54; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Jno. S. McCormick, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
James McCafierty, must, in Sept. 1, 18(54 ; must, out
with company June 2, 18(55.
Jno. M. McAninch, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; wounded
at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; disoh., date
unknown.
Joseph McFadden, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; pro. to
hosp. stewd. Sept. 2, 1864.
Peter M. Ort, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
James L. Porter, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
James Price, mast, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Geo. Pecht, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Joel Price, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
com])any June 2, 1865.
N. E. Pennepacker, must, in Sept. 1, 18(54; mu.st. out
with company June 2, 1865.
Jno. W. Rider, must, in Sept. 1, 18(54; disch., date
unknown.
Reuben Rider, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Franklin Rice, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
John C. Ream, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; absent at muster
out.
Alfred Rarick, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company .June 2, 1865.
Henry Ready, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; absent, wounded,
at muster out.
Lewis Snook, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; killed at Peters-
burg, Va., April 2, 1865; buried in National
Cemetery, City Point, Va. sec. E, div. 2, grave 167.
Andrew D. Snook, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; died at
City Point, Va., April 5, of wounds received at
Petersburg April 2, 1865.
.Joseph Summers, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; wounded
at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25,1865; disch.
by General Order June 15, 1865.
James Stewart, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Alvin Shimp, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
George W. Settle, must, in Sept. 1, 18(54 ; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; disch. by General
Order June 15, 1865.
Frederick Smith, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
George Smith, must, in August 26, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
John H. Stull, must, in Sept. 1, 18(54 ; must, out with
company June 2, 18(55.
Samuel Styers, must, in Sept. 1, 18(54; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
John A. Stout, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; killed at Pet-
ersburg, Va., April 2, 1865.
Conrad Ulrich, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Dallas Wilson, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
.John H. Weber, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Lewis Yeater, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must, out with
coni])any June 2, 1865.
CoMPAXY K, !MiFFLix CorxTY. — The fol-
lowing served iu C'ompau_y K of tlie Two
Huudred and Fifth :
P. B. McClenahan, capt., must, in Sept. 2, 1864; brev.
maj. April 2, 1865 ; must, out with company
June 2, 1S65.
Samuel Haffly, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 2, 1864;
must, out with company June 2, 1865.
394
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Jacob Kohler, 2d lieut., must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
James W. Couch, 1st sergt., must, in Aug. 27, 1864;
killed at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; buried
in 9th Army Corps Cem., Meade Station.
George B. Scott, 1st sergt., must, in Sept. 1, 1864;
pro. from sergt. April 3, 1865; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Conrad Hobaugh, sergt., must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
John A. Sager, sergt., must, in Sept. 1, 18(j4; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
William F. Alexander, sergt., must, in Aug. 29, 1864;
must, out with company June 2, 1865.
.James H. Beaver, sergt., must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
John T. Arnold, corp., must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
James McManany, corp., must, in Aug. 29, 1864;
disch. by G. O. June 6, 1865.
Henry Herschall, corp.. must, in Sept. 2, 1864; pro.
to corp. March 1, 18()5; must, out with company
June 2, 1865.
Franklin Hulbert, corp., must, in Sept. 1, 1864;
disch. by G. O. May 16, 1865.
William Koons, corp., must, in Aug. 29, 1864; disch.
by G. O. June 16, 1865.
Samuel McClenahan, corp., must, in Aug. 29, 1864;
wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 18(55 ; absent,
in hosp., at muster out.
David R. Shank, corp., nuist. in Sept. 2, 1864; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
Isaac E. Hetrick, corp., must, in Sept. 2, 1864; pro.
to corp. April 3, 1865 ; must, out with company
June 2, 1865.
Peter Freed, mus., must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
John H. Coulter, mus., must, in Sept. 2, 1864; pro.
to principal mus. Sept. 2, 1864.
Privatrs.
Samuel Alexander, must, in Aug. 29, 1864; disch.
by G. O. July 15, 1865.
Lewis Arnet, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Stewart Arnold, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; absent, sick, at
muster out.
James N. Brown, nuist. in Aug. 29, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
William Butterbaugh, must, in Aug. 29, 1864; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
H. I. Baughman, must, in Aug. 29, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Leonard Bargo, must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; must, out
with company Juue 2, 1865.
Henry Bowersox, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; disch. by
G. O. June 5, 1865.
Jacob BottorfF, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865,
Joel Bobb, must, in Sept. 1. 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Geo. W. Bell, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Daniel Beaver, must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; killed at Pet-
ersburg, Va., April 2, 1865.
David Carter, must, in Sept. 1, 1864.
Robert Casner, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
William Casner, must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Amos Carson, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
James Carl, must, in Sept. 23, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Wm. A. Clymans, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Joseph Casner, must, in Aug. 29, 1864; killed at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; buried in Na-
tional Cemetery, City Point, sec. C, div. 2,
grave 72.
Levi Decker, must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Peter Dale, must, in Sept. 1,1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Amos Folk, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
John Goodfellow, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
John F. Gibbouy, must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Jos. P. Guisewhite, must, in Aug. 29, 18()4; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Benj. Harman, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Solomon Harman, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; wounded
at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Nelson B. Henry, must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Thompson O. Henry, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
E. J. Hampton, must, in Aug. 29, 1864; disch. by
G. O. June 19, 1865.
Harry Hall, must, in Sept. 2, 1864.
Michael Kline, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Daniel Knittle, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Eli Kipe, must, iu Aug. 29, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
James A. Kays, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Richard C. Kinlay, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; wounded
at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
395
Reuben Knepps, must, in Sept. 1, 18IJ4; must, out
with company June 2, 18(55.
Josiah Long, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; absent, in hos-
pital, at must. out.
Daniel Miller, must, in Sept. 2, 18()4; must, out with
company June 2, 18i)5.
Ames Moury, must, in Sept. 1 , 1 8(34 ; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 18(55 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Samuel Moury, must. Sept. 1,18(54; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
George W. Mitchell, must, in Sept. 1, 18(54 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
J. Mouthersbaugh, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 18(55.
Joseph Miller, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 18(55.
John W. Miller, must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Jacob A. Marks, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; not on
muster-out roll.
Peter A. Marks, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Levi A. Myers, must, in Aug. 27, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
James H. McClenahen, must, in Aug. 29, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
A. C. McClenahen, must, in Aug. 29, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Dav. R. McClintock, must, in Sept. 1,1864; must.
out with company June 2, 1865.
Elias McCalips, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
William H. McManigal, must, in Sept. 1,1864; killed
at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 18(55.
John McCalips, must, in Sept. 1,1864; killed at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865.
Albert W. Nale, must, in Aug. 29, 18(54 ; must, out
with company June 2, 18(55.
Joseph M. Owens, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 18(55.
Albert Penepacker, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company .lune 2, 1865.
Aaron Peters, must, in Sept. 1, 18(54; must, out with
company June 2, 18(55.
John L. Reedy, must, in Sept. 1, 18(34 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
John W. Rager, mu.st. in Aug. 29, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 2, 18(55.
Jacob V. Ross, must, in Sept. 1, 18(54; must, out with
comi^any .lune 2, 1865.
John H. Reed, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
John W. Stubs, must, in Aug. 27,1864; must, out
with company June 2, 18(55.
Calvin Stubs, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Jacob Stall, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; absent, sick, at
muster out.
Samuel M. Sager, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Isaac Snook, must, in Aug. 29, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Joseph Snook, must, in Sept. 1, 18(54; must, out with
company June 2, 18(35.
Andrew Snook, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Thomas Shirk, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2,1865.
Joseph H. Smith, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Daniel Sivits, must, in Sept. 1, 18(54; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; disch. by G. O.
June 6, 1865.
Eli Sivits, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; wounded at Peters-
burg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; must, out with company
June 2, 18(55.
Mathew Shoemaker, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Chas. Shoemaker, must, in Sept. 1,1864; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
Geo. Spickler, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
James Shilling, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Jacob Saltzman, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; wounded
at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Jacob Swab, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; died at Washing-
ton, D. C, 1864.
John Thomas, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Andrew H. Triester, must, in Sept. 1, 18(54; must, out
with company June 2, 1865.
James Wray, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Isaac Ward, must, in Aug. 27, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
Chas. Williams, must, in Sept. 2, 1864.
TWO HIXDRED AND EKiHTH REGIMENT.
The Two Hundred and Eighth Regimeut
(one year's service) included in its organization
four companies (E, F, G and I) recruited in
Perry County, and two companies (A and D) of
men raised in Snyder County. Tiiere were also
some men of Juniata and Union Counties serv-
ing in its ranks.
The rendezvous of the regiment was atCam]>
Curtin, where it was orgiuiized Septemlier 12,
1864, under the following-namtHl field officers,
viz. : Colonel Alfred B. McCalmont, Lieutenant-
396
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Colonel M. T. Heintzelmau, Major Alexander
Bobb. The regiment moved (September 1.3th)
from Harrisburg, and proceeded to Bermuda
Hundred, on the* James River, where it was as-
signed to the brigade of Colonel Potter. On
the 27th of November it joined the Army of
the Potomac, where it was assigned to the First
Brigade, Third Division of the Ninth Corps,
the division being under command of General
Hartranft. During the winter the regiment
was on active duty in the front, and frequently
under fire. In February, 1865, it took part in
an exjjeditiou to Hatcher's Run, and returned
after five days' marching, but without having
participated in a general engagement.
On the 25th of March the enemy assaulted
the Union lines with great fury and «iptured
Fort Steadman. The regiment was ordered for-
ward, and made a vigorous attack, driving the
enemy from a position in its front, and bravely
holding the ground gained. In the general as-
sault made to retake the works, the Two Hun-
dred and Eighth captured Battery No. 12, with
three hundred prisoners, suffering a loss of
forty-two killed and wounded. From the morn-
ing of the 27th it was constantly in motion un-
til the 2d of April, when it took part in the
final assault on Petersburg. Its position was a
point in front of Fort Sedgwick, where the
works were carried and held against repeated
and determined attacks made by the enemy
during the daj\
The loss of the regiment in this engagement
was forty-eight killed and wounded. At day-
light on the 3d it was found that the Con-
federates had abandoned their last defenses, and
the Union troops entered Petersburg. In the
pursuit of the retreating enemy, the regiment
moved with its division to Nottoway Court-
House, arriving there on the 9th, in the even-
ing of which day the news was received of Lee's
surrender. It remained there until April 20th,
when it moved to the rear, passing through
Petersburg to City Point, whence it proceeded
by transports to Alexandria, near which place
it remained in camp till the 1st of June, when
tlie recruits were transferred to the Fifty-first
Regiment, and the Two Hundred and Eighth
was mustered out of service. The officers and
men of the Perry and Snyder companies were
as fallows :
Company A, Snyder County. — The fol-
lowing served in Company A of the Two Hun-
dred and Eighth :
Thomas W. Hoffman, capt., must, iu Sept. 7, 1864 ;
brev. maj. March 25, 1865 ; brev. lieut.-col. April
2, 1865 ; disch. June 1, 1865.
Jacob F. Hoffman, 1st lieut., must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ;
pro. from 1st sergt. Sept. 7, 1864; wounded at
Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865 ; disch. by S.
O. June 23, 1865.
James P. Smith, 2d lieut , must, in Aug. 26, 1864;
pro. from pri. Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out with com-
pany .lune 1, 1865.
Elias M. Houser, 1st sergt., must, iu Aug. 31, 1864
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Samuel H. Brubaker, sergt., must, in Aug. 30, 1864
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Frederick N. Wise, sergt., must, in Aug. 30, 1864
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Benjamin Bachman, sergt., must, in Aug. 30, 1864
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Abraliam H. Reed, sergt., must, in Aug. 30, 1864
wounded at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865
absent, in hospital, at muster out.
Edmes Greenough, sergt., must, in Sept. 3, 1864.
William C. Styers, corp., must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Daniel Jury, Corp., must, in Aug. 30, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Isaac D. Muench, corp., must, in Aug. 30, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
James B. C. Shaffer, corp., must, in Sept. 3, 1864;
must, out witli company June 1, 1865.
Percival Sausser, corp., must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ;
wounded at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865;
absent, in hospital, at muster out.
William Bowman, corp., must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ;
must, out with companj' June 1, 1865.
John N. Deibler, corp., must, in Aug. 30, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Michael Messner, corp., must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ;
wounded at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865;
absent, in hospital, at muster out.
John H. Hoffman, mus., must, in Aug. 30, 1864:
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
George W. Gamberling, mus., must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Privates.
George N. Aumiller, must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 18(>5.
Phillip Amich, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William S. Bingaman, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
397
Elias Bachman, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Henry Baclinian, must, in Aug. 2(i, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Solomon Bowersox, must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; must, out
with comi)any June 1, 1865,
John J. Badman, must, in Aug. 30, 18ii4 ; must, out
with com]iany June 1, 1865.
.Tohn J. Burkhart, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; disch. by
G. (). July 12, 1865.
Samuel Bowersox, must, iu Sept. 3, 1864.
William Brown, must, in Aug. 26, 1864.
Edward Brown, must, in Aug. 26, 1864.
George Campbell, must, in Sept. 3,1864; mustered
out with company June 1, 1865.
Israel F. Charles, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Henry F, Charles, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Robert Cummings, must, in Aug. 31, 1864.
Sim(»n Decker, must, in Aug. 26,1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William S. Dallinger, must, in Aug. 30, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Joseph Erbart, must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; wounded
at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865 ; disch.
by G. O. June 5, 1865.
John W. Erb, must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Elias Etswiler, must, in Aug. 30,1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Daniel Etswiler, must, in Aug. 30, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Isaac Frantz, must, in Aug. 16, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Daniel Frantz, must, in Aug. 16, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William A. Flemining, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; nuist.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Daniel Grim, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Samuel H. Hartman, must, in Sept. 3,1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Jacob C. Houtz, must, in Sept. 3,1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Methus R. Herrold, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William Heckert, must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Emanuel Hepner, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; disch. by
G. O. Aug 7, 1865.
Joseph R. Hoffman, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Charles Hauk, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Theodore Jury, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Elias Keeboch, must, in Aug. 26, 18()4 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Charles Kalterman, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Samuel dinger, must, in Aug. 30,1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John A. Klinger, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jonathan Lower, must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Henry H. Lentz, must, in Aug. 26, 1864 : must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John W. Leiter, must, in Aug. 26,1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Aaron F. Moyer, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Thomas McGill, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
William J. McMurray, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
John S. Price, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Casher Reiger, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
H. C. Reichenboch, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William H. Reigle, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John Schroyer, must, in Aug. 18, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Daniel Sweigart, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William C. Snyder, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jacob C. Snyder, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
David R. Seasholtz, must, in Aug. 18, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George Strohecker, must, in Aug. 16, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Benj. Specht, must, iu Aug. 25, 18(J4 ; nuist. out with
company June 1, 1865.
Daniel C. Swartz, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Benj. R.Snyder, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Thomas C. Snyder, musl. in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jacob F. Specht,, must, in Aug. 20, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
James Sheets, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 : must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
William A. Smith, must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1866.
Henry J. Smith, must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George H. Shough, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William H. Snyder, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
898
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Philip C. Sclnvab, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John Speer, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; disch. by G. O.
May 24, 1865.
Chr. Sweitzer, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; wounded at
Port Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865; disch. by
G. O. May 24, 1865.
Isaac Underkoffler, must, in Aug, 26, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Henry E. Welker, must. in^Sept. 3, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Willoughby C. Wald, must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; must,
out with company June 1, 1865.
Josiah H. Witmer, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William Williard, must, in Aug. 30, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Andrew M. Zeigler, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William Zerby, must, in Aug. 30, 1864; died at Wash-
ington, D. C, April 22d, of wounds received at
Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865 ; buried in
National Cemetery, Arlington.
Philip Zerby, miist. in Aug. 26, 1864 ; killed at Pe-
tersburg, Va., April 2, 1865.
Company D, Snyder County. — The fol-
lowing served in Company D of the Two Hnn-
dred and Eighth :
David Mitchell, capt., must, in Sept. 8, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Franklin W. Keller, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 8, 1864;
died March 26th of wounds reed, at Fort Stead-
man, Va., March 25, 1865.
W. H. Gemberling, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 8, 1864;
pro. from 2d lieut. April 18, 1865 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Charles B.Miller, 2d lieut., must, in Sept. 3,1864; pro.
from 1st sergt. April 18, 1865 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865,
Jacob Lorah. 1st sergt., must in Sept. 1, 1864; pro.
from sergt. April 18, 1865 ; must, out with com-
pany June 1, 1865,
W. J. Wagenseller, sergt., must, in Sept. 5, 1864;
must, out with company June 1, 1865,
Jacob Kunney, sergt., must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Samuel Snyder, sergt., must, in Sept. 1,1864; pro. from
Corp. April 18, 1865; must, out with company June
1, 1865.
H. J. Yarrington, sergt., must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must.
out with comj>any June 1, 1865.
James Erdley, corp., must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jonathan J. Spacht, corp., must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Chr. Munier, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1864; pro. to
corp. April 18, 1865; must, out with company
June 1, 1865.
H. Loudenslager, corp., must in Sept. 5, 1864; pro.
to corp. April 18, 1865; must, out with company
June 1, 1865.
George W. Miller, corp., must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; pro.
to corp. April 18, 1865 ; must, out with company
June 1, 1865.
George Long, corp., must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William Luck, corp., must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; pro. to
corp. April 18, 1865 ; must, out with company
June 1, 1865.
Henry Mitchell, Corp., must, in Sept. 1, 1864; disch.
on surg. certif. April 11, 1865.
Jeremiah Long, corp., must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; killed
at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865.
Joseph H. Feehrer, musician, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
John H. Wenrich, musician, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Charles H.Remmel, musician, must, in Sept. 1,1864;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Privates.
Thomas Aikey, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; disch. by G.
0. June 7, 1865.
Jesse M. Auchmuty, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; disch. by
G. O. June 7, 1865.
Lewis Aurand, must in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1,1865.
Lewis Burkholder, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out
with company .June 1, 1865.
Henry Birckhart, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Joseph Boop, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Emanuel Boyer, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; disch. by G.
O. Aug. 18, 1865.
William J. Barnhart, mus. in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Benjamin F. Bolig, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; wounded
at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865; disch.
by G. 0. June 6, 1865.
George W. Bower, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Henry Bolig, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
John W. Beistle, must, in Sept. 3, 18(>4 ; pro. to mu-
sician Co. C Oct. 2, 1864.
John Brown, must, in Sept. 1, 1864.
Joseph Catherman, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William Christ, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William M. Curns, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out
with company Juuel, 1865.
Henry Crouse, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Mahlon Courtney, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
399
Alfred Chubb, must, in Sept. 7, 18(54 ; must, out with
comijany June 1, 18()5.
John Clark, must, in Sept. 7, 18(;4.
Henry Diefl'enbach, must, iu Sept. 7, 18(54; wounded
in action ; disch. by G. O. .June 1, 18(55.
George W. Doebler, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Frank Dufl'y, must, in Sept. 7, 1864.
James Erdley, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Jeremiah Erdley, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; absent,
wounded, at muster out.
Lewis V. Ellis, must, in Sept. 1, 18(i4 ; must, out
with company .Tune 1, 1865.
John A. Ettinger, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; pro. to mu-
sician Co. F Sept. 22, 1864.
Elias Ettinger, must, in Sept. 1, 1864.
Enoch Fockler, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; wounded at
Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865; disch. by
G. O. May 24, 1865.
John Fink, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Jacob Fisher, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must.out with
company June 1, 1865.
Jacob Fieg, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Thomas Fitch, must, in Sept. 7, 1864.
George Gaughler, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John Gaughler, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; must, out wdth
company June 1, 1865.
Paul Gemberling, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Aaron Gundrum, must, iu Sept. 6, 1864; must.out
with company June 1, 1865.
Percival Gemberling, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
G. W. Gemberling, must, in Sept. 3, 18(54 ; pro. to mu-
sician Co. A Sept. 30, 1865.
Nicholas P. Haxton, must, in Sept. 7, 18(54; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
John M. Harbson, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Franklin Haupt. must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; wounded
at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Henry Hendricks, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must.out
with company June 1, 1865.
Casper Hahn, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Edw. Haupt, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Adam Hartz, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Geo. H. Hahne, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; pro. to mu-
sician Co. F Oct. 2, 1864.
J. J. Housenworth, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; pro. to
musician, Co. H, Oct. 2, 1864.
John Harris, must, in Sept. 7, 1864.
Peter Krotzer, must, in Sept. 5, 18(54; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Percival Keiser, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John P. Kautz, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Josias L. Krebbs, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Isaac Long, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; wounded at Fort
Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Danl. D. Messner, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with comj^any June 1, 1865.
Jeremiah M. Maiick, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Wm. McMonigal, must, in Sept. 7, 1864.
Michael McCearney, must, in Sept. 7, 1864.
Benj. Piter, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; wounded at Fort
Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
David Peters, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Nathan Roush, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Saml. P. Rowe, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with
compauy June 1, 1865.
Joel D. Rubenthal, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must.out
with company June 1, 1865.
Isaac Roshon, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Jeremiah Straub, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Henry J. Stroh, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Peter Stahl, must, in Sept. 7, 18(54 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Peter Shipman, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Amos M. Stroh, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Daniel G. Sechrist, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George W. St. Clair, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Samuel W. Seesholtz, must, in Sept. 7, 18(54; must.
out with compauy June 1, 1865.
Daniel Schrauder, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William E. Snyder, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George W. Snyder, must, iu Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Merritt Snyder, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; must, out
witli company June 1, 1865.
Amos F. Spittler, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 18(55.
Joseph Stevens, must, iu Sept. 3, 1864: disch. on
surg. certif. Feb. 8, 1865.
400
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Daniel Stouffer, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; pro. to mus.
Co. C Oct. 2, 1864.
William S. Thursby, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must.
out with company .June 1, 1865.
John H. Visiier, must, in Sept. 7, 1864.
Charles W. Winters, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Wharton S. Welch, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Henry S. Werline, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Charles Wolborn, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Thomas H. Wilson, must, in Sept. 3, 1864.
CoMPAXY E, Perry County. — The fol-
lowing served in Company E of the Two
Hundred and Eighth :
F. M. McKeehan, capt., must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; pro.
from pri. Sept. 9, 1864; must, out with company
June 1, 1865.
John T. Mehaffle, 1st lieut., must, in Aug. 31, 1864;
pro. from pri. Sept. 9, 1864 ; wounded at Peters-
burg, Va., April 2, 1865; absent, in hospital
at muster out.
Solomon T. Buck, 2d lieut., must, in Sept. 2, 1864;
pro. from pri. Sept. 9, 1864; must, out with com-
pany June 1, 1865.
Ephraira B. Wise, 1st sergt., must, in Sept. 2, 1864;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Joseph W. Gantt, sergt., must, in Sept. 2, 1864; wounded
at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 186-5 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Joshua E. Vancamp, sergt., must, in Sept. 2, 1864;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
David R. P. Bealor, sergt., must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
William R. Dunn, sergt., must, in Aug. .30, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, I860.
Daniel W. Lutman, corp., must, in Aug. 30, 1864;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Meredith Darlington, corp., must, in Aug. 30, 1864;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
John Raffensberger, corp., must, in Aug. 31,1864;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
William Dunn, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Jacob S. Wagner, corp., must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Samuel I. Shortess, corp., must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ;
wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; absent,
in hospital, at must. out.
William S. MehaiBe, corp., must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
George Rampfee, corp., must, in Aug. 30, 1864;
killed at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865.
Peter S. Albert, corp., must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Harris A. Rohraback, corp., must, in Sept. 6, 1864;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Henry A. Albright, corp., must, in Sept. 8, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
David Adams, corp., must, in Sept. 2, 1864; wounded
at Petersburg Va., April 2, 1865 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Privates.
George Albright, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
John Bitner, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
George Bistline, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John S. Baker, must, in Aug. 30, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Frederick Barrick, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Joseph Bipp, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; disch. by G. O.
June 6, 1865.
Ephraim Bird, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Jacob B. Burkpile, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George M. Bryner, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1S65.
William Best, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Andrew J. Barrick, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jasper Blain, must, in Aug. 30, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Daniel Bellman, must, in Sept. 6, 1864.
Thomas Boston, must, in Sept. 7, 1864.
Simon W. Clouser, must, in Aug. 30, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Adam Clemens, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William H. Dehaven, must, in Sept. 13, 1864; sub-
stitute; must, out with company June 1, 1865.
John Dice, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
George E. Davis, must, in Sept. 6, 1864.
Jacob Foose, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out witli
company June 1, 1865.
Isaiah C. Foose, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Frank Foose, must, in Sept. 8, 1864 ; died at City
Point, Va., Jan. 11, 1865.
Henry D. Foose, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; killed at Pe-
tersburg, Va., April 2, 1865.
Henry Ferris, must, in Sept. 6, 1864.
Isaiah M. Gantt, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
John S. Garlin, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; disch. by G.
O. May 25, 1866.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
401
John Gregg, must, in Sept. 6, 1864.
Jacob High, must, in Sept. 8, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Joseph Hirt, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Joseph Heckart, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; killed near
Appomattox River, Va., Sept. 29, 1864.
William Jackson, must, in Sept. 6, 1864.
Charles Jacobs, must, in Sept. 7, 1864.
Thomas Jones, must, in Sept. 7, 1864.
George Kocher, must, in Aug. 30, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John W. Kell, must, in Aug. 30, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
William T. Kepner, must, in Aug 30, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Darius I. Klinepeter, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must.
out with company, June 1, 1865.
William H. Kacy, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William M. Kennedy, must, in Aug. 31,1864; died
at City Point, Va., April 15th, of wounds received
at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865.
Edm'd B. P. Kinsloe, must, in Sept. 10, 1864; died
at Washington, D. C, April 24th, of wounds re-
ceived at Petersburg Va., April 2, 1865.
George Keilholtz, must, in Sept. 8, 1864.
John C. Loy, must, in Aug. 30, 1864; must, out with
comjjany June 1, 1865.
William Lupfer, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Robert W. Long, must, in Sept. 6, 1864.
Samuel A. Martin, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; promoted
to hospital steward Sept. 8, 1864.
Manoah Mercer, must, in Aug. 30, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jonathan Miller, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
James L. Moore, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Levi Markle, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Robert Markle, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
James Mickey, must, in Aug. 30, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Richard Magee, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John Mercer, must, in Sept. 8, 1864.
John Mace, must, in Sept. 7, 1864.
James L. Meginley, must, in Sept. 6, 1864.
Joseph P. McCabe, must, in Sept. 8, 1864.
Charles Nickols, must, in Sept. 7, 1864.
William Power, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William A. H. Persing, must, in Sept. 7, 18()4; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
William H. Perry, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; killed at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865.
26
George W. Reamer, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
John Reapsome, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; absent, sick,
at muster out.
Henry Ricedorff, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; must, out
with com{pany June 1, 1865.
Harvey Rank, must, in Sept. 8, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
William Robison, must, in Sept. 6, 1864.
Christian Snyder, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
T. M. Sullenburger, must, in Aug. 31, 18()4; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Peter Shalto, must, in Aug. 30, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Franklin Schwartz, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1866.
Jacob Spriggle, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Daniel Shadel, must, in Sept. 10, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George Snyder, must, in Sept. 10, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Robert Surrell, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Henry Snyder, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; absent, sick, at
muster out.
Jerome Toomey, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Dav. P. Tressler, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jacob Turnbaugb, must, in Aug. 30, 1864; died at
Alexandria, Va., April 13th, of wounds received
at Petersburg April 2, 1865 ; grave 3080.
Daniel Wertz, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; wounded at
Fort Steadmau, Va., March 25, 1865 ; absent, in
hospital, at muster out.
John S. Warren, must, in Sept. 2, 1864.
John Zeigler, must, in Sept. 6, 1864.
Company F, Perry County. — The follow-
ing served in Company F of the Two Hundred
and Eighth :
Gard C. Palm, capt., must, in Sept. 9, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Henry Shrelfler, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ;
pro. from pri. Sept. 9, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Francis A. Campbell, 2d lieut., must, in Sept. 5,
1864 ; pro. from pri. Sept. 9, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Thos. J. Sowers, 1st sergt., must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Martin H. Furman, sergt., must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ;
must, out with company June 1, 1S65.
Robt. H. Campbell, sergt., must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Wm. Berrier, sergt., must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; wounded
402
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Hugh Smith, sergt., must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; wounded
at Fort Steadnian March ,25, 1865 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Henry A. Wade, sergt., must, in Sept. 8, 1864 ; pro.
from pri. Sept. 12, 1864.
Samuel G. Smith, corp., must, in Sept. 6, 1864;
wounded at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25,
1865 ; disch. by G. O. June 20, 1865.
George Bistline, Corp., must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
George W. Reiber, corp., must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
James Meminger, corp., must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; pro.
to corp. March 26, 1865 ; must, out with company
June 1, 1865.
John K. Stump, corp., must, in Sept. 5, 1864;
wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
John A. Newcomer, corp., must, in Sept. 5, 1864;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Daniel T. Ritter, corp., must in Sept. 6, 1864;
wounded at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25,
1865 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out.
Samuel S. McKee, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Frederick Shull, corp., must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; killed
at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865.
John A. Ettinger, mus., must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
George H. Hahn, mus., must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1 , 1865.
Privates.
Thos. A. Adams, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; wounded at
Fort Steadman March 25, 1865 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
W. H. Armstrong, must, in Sept. 9, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Robert A. Blackburn, must, in Sept. 9, 1864 ; must.
out with company June J, 1865.
David V. Brickley, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; disch. by
G. 0. June 6, 1865.
Godlip Burkel, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Solomon Bistline, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Thomas Berrier, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Sylvester K. Baltozer, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Jacob R. Bender, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
S. W. Bernheisel, must, in Sept. 8, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Peter Berrier, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Henry Berrier, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; nmst. out with
company June 1, 1865.
Wm. Baltozer, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Joseph Bistline, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John H. Briner, must, in Sept. 12, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George S. Briner, must, in Sept. 12, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Joseph C. Collins, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Barnard A. Connor, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Fred. Daum, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Reuben Dillman, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
G. W. Droneberger, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; disch. by
G. O. June 5, 1865.
John Delancy, must, in Sept. 10,1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Daniel Ernest, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
James English, must, in Sept. 12,1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George Emory, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
James Foose, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; disch. by G. O.
June 20, 1865.
James A. Finley, must, in Sept. 5,1864; must, out
with company .June 1, 1865.
Jacob Fritz, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
John Getz, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; disch. by G. O.
May 80, 1865.
Jacob Gatshall, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Wm. Garland, must, in Sept. 10, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Wm. H. Garber, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Michael Hoffman, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
David Hoffman, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Wm. A. Hull, must, in Sept. 5,1864; wounded at
Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
D. A. HoUenbaugh, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
W. C. HoUenbaugh, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
A. T. Hohenshelt, must, in Sept. 8, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
THE VVAll Foil THE UNIUxN.
403
Daniel S. Henry, must, in Sept. S, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 18(i5.
John B. Hencli, must, in Sept. ti, 181)4 ; disch. by G.
O. June 6, 1865.
Sanil. A. Johnston, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, I860.
Lloyd K. Kistler, must, in Sept. 12, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Simon Kern, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Chas. W. Kline, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jacob S. Lowe, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Saml. R. Morrow, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Thomas Messimer, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; wounded
at Petersburg, Va., Ai>nl 2, 1865 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Andrew J. Mumper, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Wm. Morrison, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John H. Mathers, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; absent,
sick, at muster out.
Philip McElheney, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
S. W. McElheney, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; died at
Philadelphia, Pa., April 20tb, of wounds received
at Fort Steadman March 25, 1865.
Jonathan Peckard, must, in September 6, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Saml. Rinesmith, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Kobert Reed, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
James D. Rhea, must, in Sept. 12, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William T. Reeder, must, in Sept. 8, 1864.
John Reeder, must, in Sept. 8, 1864.
Samuel F. Shaffer, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George ShoflF, must, in Sept. 5, 1S64; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
William Sheibley, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
■ George Sheibley, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Andrew Shearer, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Samuel G. Smith, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; wounded at
Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William H. Seager, must, in Sept. 12, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
John Swales, must, in Sept. 8, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Benjamin F. Shoemaker, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must,
out with company June 1, 1865.
William Stroup, must, in Sejii. 12, l.Sii4; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
David E. Saylor, must, in Sept. 8, 1864 ; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; absent, in liospital,
at muster out.
Jacob Shearer, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; must, out with
company June 2, 1865.
William D. Seibert, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; wounded
at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; disch. by G. O.
June 7, 1865.
Andw. B. ShreiBer, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
witli company June 1, 1865.
Elias Shope, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Henry Shope, must, in Sept. 6, 181)4 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Charles S. Shields, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865. ,
John G. Snyder, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William H. R. Segar, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
John H. Titzel, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Samuel Welsh, must, in Sept. C, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Sinary Wentzel, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865-
Daniel AVilt, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Henry Waggoner, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George E. Walker, must, in Sept. 12, 1864.
Philip Zeigler, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; must, out with
comjjany June 1, 1865.
Company G, Perrv Cottnty. — The fol-
lowing served in Company G of the Two
Hundred and Eighth :
Benj. F. Miller, capt, must, in Sept. 10, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
William A. Zinn, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 10, 1864;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Wm. Fosselman, 2d lieut., must, in Sept. 10, 1864;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Lewis Besom, 1st sergt., must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Wm. A. Blain, sergt., must, in Sept. 5, 1864; disch. by
G. O. June 5, 1865.
Wm. S. Hostetter, sergt., must, in SejJt. 5, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Thomas J. Latchford, sergt., must, in Sept. 5, 1864;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Jeremiah J. Billows, sergt., must, in Sept. 5, 1864;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Nicholas Hogentogler, corp., must, in Sept. 5, 1864;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
404
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
D. B. Hohensheld, Corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1866.
Isaiah W. Clouser, corp. must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Joseph S. Bucher, corp., must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
John B. Swartz, corp., must, in Sept. 9, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
L. H. C. Fleckinger, corp., must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Findley Rogers, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Daniel W. Gantt, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
A.Worley Monroe, mus., must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
John Howell, mus., must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Privates.
John Acaley, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Valentine Arndt, must, in Sept. 10, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Wm. A. Blain, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Sylvester Byrem, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Peter S. Baker, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Geo. W. Burrell, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Adam Bucher, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Benj. F. Barnhart, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Wm. H. Clouser, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Cyrus S. Clouser, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Calvin H. Clouser, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Henry C. Charles, must, in Sept. 9, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1866.
John H. Cox, must, in Sept. 9, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Geo. L. Comp, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Jacob S. Comp, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1866.
Edward T. P. Dunn, must, in Sept. 9, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Wesley Deitrick, must, in Sept. 9, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Samuel Duffleld, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; disch. by G.
O. June 29, 1866.
Alexander M. Fleck, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John Fair, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1866.
Jesse M. Ferguson, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William H. Fleckinger, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
John Fosselman, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865. .
Christopher Fisher, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Ephraim F. Gardner, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
John Gutshall, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Watson L. Gant, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Isaac Haines, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Jacob S. Haines, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Wendell Haines, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jacob Hoffman, must, in Sept, 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1866.
William Hinbach, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1866.
David W. Haines, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1866.
William T. Johnson, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
J. B. Kochenderf'er, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Peter Kerlin, must, in Sept. 9, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Jacob Klinepeter, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1866.
John I. Kleffman, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1866.
John Lesh, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Baltzer Lesh, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1866.
Jacob M. Long, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
James P. Latchford, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Samuel Magiunis, must, in Sept. 4, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Samuel P. Magiunis, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1866.
Jacob Mogel, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out with
company .Tune 1, 1865.
Henry C. Meredith, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Daniel Myers, Jr., must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Shuman Miller, must, in Sept. 8, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
405
John Miller, must, in Sept. '>, 1864; wounded at
Petersburg, Va., April 2, 18U5; di.seh. by G. O.
June 20, 1865.
Samuel G. Miller, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; pro. to
sergt.-maj. Sept. 12, 1864.
Jacob McLaughlin, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jesse S. Nace, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
William Newman, must, in Sept. 9, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George F. Nipple, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
James' C. Nipple, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Martin V. Orner, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Adam J. Page, must, in Sept. 9, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Charles N. Price, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Lewis W. Powell, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George Peterman, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Thomas A. Reader, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
W. C. Reichenbach, must, in Sept. 9, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Justice Rouch, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Frank Rohm, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
William J. Reigle, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jacob R. Rider, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Edward G. SheaflTer, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George A. Spahr, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George Sweger, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
John M. Smith, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Andrew C. Smith, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Abraham S. Smith, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Christian Shoop, must, in Sept. 10, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Isaac Tschopp, must, in Sept. 8, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
George Trego, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
William H. Troup, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Frederick AVatts, must, in Sept. 5,1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
.John B. Wright, must, in Sept. 9, 18C4; must, out
with company .June 1, 1865.
Daniel D. Wrey, must, in Sept. 5,1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Samuel S. Witherow, must, in Sept. 5, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
John W. Wagner, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jonathan Weaver, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George W. Weise, must, in Sept. 5, 18G4; killed at
Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865.
David Yohn, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Company I, Perry County. — The follow-
ing served iu Company I of the Two Hundred
and Eighth :
James H. Marshall, captain, mustered in Sept. 10,
1864 ; wounded at Fort Steadman, Va., March
25, 1865 ; must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Isaac D. Dunkle, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ;
pro. from private Sept. 10, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
John D. Neilson, 2d lieut., must, in Sept. 10, 1864 ;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
George K. Schall, 1st serge, must in Sept. 3, 1864;
must, out with company June 1, 1865.
John J. Monroe, sergt., must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must.
iu with company June 1, 1865.
Samuel Keen, sergt., must, in Sept. 8, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Edwin D. Owen, sergt., must, iu Sept. 7, 1864; must,
out with company June 1, 1865.
John F. Ayle, sergt., must, in Aug. 31, 1864
wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865
disch. by G. O. June 15, 1865.
Theodore Jones, Corp.. must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must
out with company June 1, 1865.
Abraham Kitner, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1864
disch. by G. O. May 30, 1865.
Frank W. Gibson, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1S64; must
out with company June 1, 1865.
Benjamin Shaffer, corp., must, in Sept. 3, 1864
wounded at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865
disch. by G. O. May 30, 1865.
Rufus Potter, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jacob Seller, corp., must, in Aug. 31, 1864; wounded
at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865 ; absent,
in hospital, at muster out.
Samuel Landis, corp., must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
Henry F. Sweger, corp., must, in Aug. 31, 1864;
wounded at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865 ;
absent, in hospital, at muster out.
Jacob P. Kerlin, mus., must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
406
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Vincent M. Gallen, mus., must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must,
out with company June 1, 1865.
Privates.
Samuel Albright, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Owen Brunner, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; disch. by G.
O. June 7, 1865.
Samuel Behel, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Samuel W. Bair, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jeremiah Bair, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Samel W. Bair, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William H. Brunner, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
George W. Brunner, must, in Sept. 13,1864; sub-
stitute ; must, out with company June 1, 1865.
Peter Bair, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
James Clegg, must, in Sept. 13, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
John A. Clouser, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Cornelius Clouser, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; wounded
at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Daniel Cless, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Andrew J. Clouser, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Simon S. Clouser, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Abraham Carl, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
William Duke, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
William J. Dehiser, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John T. Dew, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
George Dressier, must, in Sent. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Edward Dressier, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Abraham Dile, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
William H. Donaldson, must, in Sept. 7, 1864.
Elias L. Fetrow, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
James Gibney, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Abraham Garling, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; wounded
at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865 ; disch. by
G. O. July 21, 1865.
Patrick Gibuey, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out
with com])any June 1, 1865.
Samuel Gohn, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Ernest Gurdom, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; disch. by
G. O. July 12, 1865.
Josiah Grubb, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; died at Peters-
burg, Va., Jan. 9, 1865.
Benjamin Holmes, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John W. Hench, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Levi Hunter, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; wounded at Fort
Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865; absent, in hos-
pital, at must. out.
Daniel Hilbert, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out with
comjiany June 1, 1865.
Samuel Hains, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out with
. company June 1, 1865.
George Haymaker, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jacob Hain, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; mu,st. out with
company June 1, 1865.
Jacob Hull, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
John A. Hillbish, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Abraham E. Howe, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Robert Hunter, must, in Sept. 9, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
William Inch, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Samuel Kepperly, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
William Kamler, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; wounded
at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; disch. by G.
O. May 11, 1865.
Christian Lickel, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George S. Lenhart, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Samuel Liddick, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
William A. Lackey, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John H. Miller, must, in Sept. 8, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Joseph W. Miller, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Henry Marshall, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; wounded
at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865 ; disch. by
G. O. June 16, 1865.
William Morris, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; mut-t. out
with company June 1, 1865.
John P. Motter, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Daniel W. Motter, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
George W. Myers, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, ou
with company .Tune 1, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE IJNIOX.
407
John N. Motter, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; musC. out with
company June 1, 1865.
Jacob B. Meek, must, in Sept. 9, 1864; must, out with
company June 1,1865.
William McKinzie, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John Potter, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
John Rice, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Reuben Rewhendal, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John L. Retter, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Joseph Ready, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; disch. by G.
O. Feb. 18, 1865.
Geo. W. Swarts, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Benj. W. Small, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Israel W. Smith, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Alexander Shortess, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; disch.
by G. O. May 30, 1865.
Henry M. Sweger, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
John Shorer, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; disch. by G.
O. June 20, 1865.
Geo. W. Souder, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; absent, sick,
at muster out.
Emanuel Staner, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jno. Shaffer, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Danl. T. Shaffer, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jno. W. Silks, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
John Silks, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
John Shotsberger, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Saml. Shotsberger, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; wounded
at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865; disch.
by G. O. June 14, 1865.
Henry Shotsberger, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Noah Shoop, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out with
company June 1, 1865.
Isaiah Skevington, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Henry H. Spots, must, in Sept. 7, 1864 ; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Emanuel Troutman, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must.
out with company June 1, 1865.
William Williams, must, in Sept. 7, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
Jacob A. Zeigler, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; must, out
with company June 1, 1865.
TWO nUNDKED ANT) TKNTH KEGIME.VT.
The Two Hundred and Tenth Regiment
(one year's service) was recruited in the
summer and fall of 1864, and was organized
at Camp Curtin on the 24th of September in
that year, with Colonel William Sergeant a.s
commanding officer, and iiaving as it-s lieu-
tenant-colonel Edward L. ^\'itma^, previously
captain of Company D of the Forty-si.\th
Pennsylvania. Immediately after its organiza-
tion the regiment moved to the front of Peters-
burg, where it was assigned to duty in ihe
Third Brigade of the Second Division, Fifth
Army Corps. Its first engagement was at
Hatcher's Run, October 27th and 28tli, where
its loss was but slight. Early in December it
moved with the Fifth Corps on an expedition
having for its purpose the destruction of the
Weldon Railroad and the Confederate stores
gathered along the route, which duty was
successfully performed for a distance of many
miles along the line. On the 5th and (>tli of
February, 1865, it fought at Dabney's Mills,
behaving with marked steadiness and gallantry,
and losing severely in killed, wounded and
missing. Again, in the battle at Gravelly
Run, March 30th and 31st, it fought bravely,
and siiffered .a loss of one hundred and fifty
killed and wounded, and an equal number
missing — many of them taken prisoners.
From that time, during the ten days that
intervened before the struggle was closed by
the surrender of General Lee's army, it was
continually at the front, taking part in the
fighting of the 1st of April, and in subsei]uent
engagemeuts to and including the closing
scene at Appomattox on the 9th. After tlie
surrender it moved to Washington, D. C, where
it took part in the great re\'iew of the armies in
May, aud was mustered out on the 30th of that
month. Companies H and I were largely
composed of ]\Iifflin County men, with detach-
ments from the contiguous territory.
CoMPAXY H, Mil' FLix County. — The fol-
lowing served in Company H of the Two Hun-
dred and Tenth :
John R. Miller, capt., must, in Sept. 20, 1864; must.
out with company May 30, 1865.
William P. Miller, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 20, l.«(;4;
408
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
wounded at Dabney's Mills, Va., Feb. 6, 1865 ;
disch. by G. O. May 15, 1865.
J. W. Mutherbaugh, 2d lieut., must, in Sept. 1, 1864;
disch. by S. O. Dec. 7, 1864.
George W. Garber, 1st sergt., must, in Sept. 14, 1864 ;
com. 1st lieut. May 16, 1865 ; not must.; must.
out with company May 30, 1865.
Phillip Trewitz, sergt., must, in Sept. 8, 1864; pro. to
sergt. Oct. 1, 1864; com. 2d lieut. May 16, 1865 ;
not must.; must, out with company May 30, 1865.
Wm. P. Waream, sergt., must, in Sept. 10, 1864 ; pro.
to sergt. Oct. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company
May 30, 1865.
Josias Kisinger, sergt., must, in Sept. 16, 1864; pro.
to sergt. April 1, 1865 ; must, out with company
May 30, 1865.
Cyrus E. Solida, sergt., must, in Sept. 14, 1864 ;
wounded at Gravelly Run, Va., March 31, 1865 ;
disch. by G. O. June 2, 1865.
Isaac Umholt, sergt., must, in Sept. 14, 1864 ; killed
at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865 ; bur. in Poplar
Grove National Cemetery, Petersburg, div. A,
sec. D, grave 69.
Hugh Conley, corp, must, in Sept. 10, 1864; pro. to
corp. Oct. 1,1864; must, out with company May
30, 1865.
Levi Gable, corp., must, in Sept. 15, 1864 ; pro. to
corp. Oct. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company May
30, 1865.
John B. Gise, corp., must, in Sept. 17, 1864; pro. to
corp. Oct. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company May
30, 1865.
Adam Demmy, corp., must, in Sept. 14, 1864; pro. to
corp. Oct. 1, 1864 ; must, out witb company May
30, 1865.
Joseph F. Yeager, corp., must, in Sept. 16, 1864; pro.
to corp. Oct. 1, 1864; must, out with company
May 30, 1865.
John L. Good, corp., must, in Sept. 16, 1864 ; wound-
ed at Gravelly Run, Va., March 31, 1865; disch.
by G. O. May 30, 1865.
John B. Fordyce, corp., must, in Sept. 10, 1864; disch.
by G. O. June 3, 1865.
Edmund Umholtz, mus., must, in Sept. 13, 1864 ; must.
out with company May 30, 1865.
John G. Keihner, mus., must, in Sept. 20, 1864; must.
out with company May 30, 1865.
Privates.
William Adams, must, in Sept. 6, 1864.
John Anderson, must, in Sept. 15, 1864.
John Anderson, must, in Sept. 19, 1864.
Henry Bingerman, must, in Sept. 20, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Peter Blystone, must, in Sept. 20, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Samuel E. Brown, must, in Sept. 14, 1864; disch. by
G. O. May 31, 1865.
William Burns, must, in Sept. IG, 1^64.
John Brooks, must, in Sept. 17, 1864.
William Blizzard, must, in Sept. 21, 1864.
William Carbaugh, must, in Sept. 21, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Martin Carbaugh, must, in Sept. 21, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Joseph Cummings, must, in Sept. 10, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Allen Cutler, must, in Sept. 10, 1864 ; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
John Collins, must, in Sept. 10, 1864 ; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
Samuel Crawford, must, in Sept. 14, 1864.
James Carl, must, in Sept. 7, 1864.
Frank Cannon, must, in Sept. 6, 1864.
John Garden, must, in Sept. 15, 1864.
John Doyle, must, in Sept. 6, 1864.
Philip Devers, must, in Aug. 18, 1864; disch. by
G. O. June 7, 1865.
John English, must, in Sept. 19, 1864 ; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Christian Funk, must, in Sept. 10, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
John Feeny, must, in Sept. 20, 1864; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
John Freilich, must, in Sept. 6, 1864.
John Flevel, must, in Sept. 8, 1864 ; not on muster-
out roll.
Elias Grims, must, in Sept. 17, 1864; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
Joseph Grove, must, in Sept. 14, 1864 ; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
William Grell, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; absent, sick, at
muster out.
William Galliger, must, in Sept. 10, 1864.
Daniel Hafer, must, in Sept. 16, 1864; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
Jacob Hafer, must, in Sept. 16, 1864 ; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
Jacob K. Hess, must, in Sept. 20, 1864 ; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Cornelius Hawk, must, in Sept. 14, 1864; died at
Washington, D. C, May 9th of wounds received
at Gravelly Run, Va., March 31, 1865; buried in
National Cemetery, Arlington.
Michael Higgins, must, in Sept. 15, 1864.
Francis Hair, must, in Sept. 10, 1864.
Henry Heckman, must, in Sept. 19, 1864.
George Jordon, must, in Sept. 13, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
James Jones, must, in Sept. 6, 1864.
Joseph Klinger, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
William Koehner, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; must, out
with company May 80, 1865.
George Kemmerer, must, in Sept. 14, 1864 ; disch. by
G. O. June 3, 1865.
John Kreitzer, must, in Sept. 14, 1864.
Francis Kidwell, must, in Sept. 14, 1864,
THE WAK FOR THE UNION.
409
John Lebo, must, in Sejit. 16, 18()4; must, out with
company May 30, 186.5.
John C. Murphy, must, in Sept. 14, 1864; must, out
with company Rlay 30, 1865.
Edward Mendenhall, must, in Sept. 10, 1864; must.
out with company May 30, 1865.
David W. Miller, must, in Sept. 19, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
William A. Moyer, must, iu Sept. 20, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
George F. Matler, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; pro. to hos-
pital steward Sept. 19, 1864.
John Misel, must, in Sept. 15, 1864.
George W. Miller, must, iu Sept. 6, 1864.
Bernard Mullen, must, in Sept. 16, 1864.
William Miller, must, in Sept. 17, 1864.
John Mockerman, must, iu Sept., 1864.
James Munson, must, in Sept. 17, 1864.
Anthony McCartney, must, in Sept. 10, 1864; must.
out with company May 30, 1865.
Oliver P. Newman, must, in Sept. 19, 1864; died
Dec, 1864; buried in Nat. Gem., Arlington, Va.
James W. O'Dare, must, in Sept. 13, 1864; died at
Washington, D. C, April 16th, of wounds rec. at
Gravelly Run, Va., March 31, 1865; buried in
Nat. Cem., Arlington.
James O'Brian, must, in Sept. 6, 1864.
James M. Penepacker, must, in Sept. 15, 1864; must.
out with company May 30, 1865.
Eli Paul, must, in Sept. 16, 1864 ; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
Hiram H. Parson, must, in Sept. 8, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Manley Y. Pond, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; disch. by
G. 0. May 25, 1865.
David Eohrer, must, in Sept. 13, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Daniel Rickert, must, in Sept. 17, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
John A. Riley, must, in Sept. 17, 1864; must, out
with company May 30. 1865.
John B. Reiss, must, in Sept. 10, 1864; disch. by
G. O. June 5, 1865.
Ephraim Rinker, must, in Sept. 15, 1864; wounded
at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865; disch. by
G. O. June 28, 1865.
John Shoop, must, in Sept. 17, 1864; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
John C. Soltzer, must, in Sept. 14, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
James F. Simons, must, in Sept. 17, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Jonas Swab, must, in Sept. 8, 1864; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
William Shuye, must, in Sept. 14, 1864; captured at
Gravelly Run, Va., March 31, 1865; disch. by
G. O. June 8, 1865.
Peter Smith, must, in Sept. 15, 1864.
Leonard Stearns, must, in Sept. 16, 1864.]
Daniel Tobias, must, in Sept. 20, 1864 ; must, out
with company May 30, 1860.
Charles Trout, must, in Sept. 19, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Thomas Thornton, must, in Sept. 8, 1864; not on
muster-out roll.
Josiah Umlioltz, must, in Sept. 14, 1864; wounded at
Gravelly Run, Va., March 31, 1865; disch. by
General Order June 2, 1865.
William Walters, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
John A. Warner, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
John Winterode, must, in Sept. 10, 1864 ; wounded at
Dabney's Mills, Va., Feb. 6, 1865; disch. by
General Order May 17, 1865.
John Weest, must, in Sept., 1864.
John Webber, must, in Sept. 16, 1864.
Charles White, must, in Sept. 17, 1864.
John Wright, must, in Sept. 15, 1864.
John Williams, must, in Sept. 15, 1864.
William Yeater, must, in Sept. 23, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
S. A. Zimmerman, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Company I, Mifflin County. — The fol-
lowing served in Company I of the Two
Hundred and Tenth :
Perry J. Tate, capt., must, in Sept. 10, 1864 ; pro.
from pri. Sept. 23, 1864; disch. Dec. 24, 1864.
James H. Foster, capt., must, in Sept. 10, 1864; pro.
from 2d lieut. Jan. 21, 1865 ; must, out with com-
pany May 30, 1865.
Charles J. Sefton, 1st lieut., must, in Sept. 23, 1864;
disch. Dec. 24, 1864.
John C. Martin, Istlieut., must, in Sept. 14,1864; pro.
from Corp. to 1st sergt. ; to 1st lieut. Feb. 5, 1865 ;
must, out with company May 30, 1865.
David L. Michaels, 1st. sergt., must, in Sept. 19,
1864 ; pro. from corp. Feb. 20, 1865 ; com. 2d
lieut. April 12, 1865 ; not must. ; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
Thompson McCork, sergt., must, in Sept. 10, 1864 ;
must, out with company May 30, 1865.
Richard B. Carson, sergt., must, in Sept. 18,1864;
must, out with company May 30, 1865.
Jesse C. Tate, sergt., must, in Sept. 20, 1864; absent,
sick, at muster out.
Philip Dougherty, sergt., must, in March 8, 1865 ; pro.
to sergt. April 24, 1865 ; trans., date and organi-
zation unknown.
David C. Summers, sergt., must, in Sept. 18, 1864 ;
died Jan. 5, 1865.
George W. Knell, corp., must, in Sept. IS, 1864;
mustered out with company May 30, 1865.
Jacob Honelysliell, corp., must, in Sept. 18, 1864;
must, out with company May 30, 1865.
410
JUiNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Henry Ogle, corp., must, in Sept. 18, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Joseph Kunkle, corp., must, in Sept. 14, 1864 ; pro.
to corp. April 24, 186.5; must, out with company
May 30, 18()5.
Smith King, corp., must, in Sept. 18, 1864 ; disch. by
G. O. May 15, 1805.
Charles W. King, corp., must, in Sept. 18,1864;
captured at Gravelly Run, Va., March 31, 1865 ;
disch. by G. O. May 29, 1865.
John T. Done, corp., must, in March 9, 1865 ; pro. to
corp. April 24, 1865 ; trans., date and organiza-
tion unknown.
Amos S. Lenig, corp., must, in Sept. 18, 1864 ; died at
Richfield, Juniata County, Pa., date unknown.
Daniel C. Blank, musician, must, in Sept. 2, 1864;
must, out with company May 30, 1865.
James H. Weaver, musician, must, in Sept. 15, 1864.
Privates.
Thom'n Anderson, must, in Sept. 14, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Wilson R. Alberson, must, in Sept. 13, ] 864; must.
out with company May 30, 1865.
George Andrew, must, in Sept. 14, 1864; disch. by
G. O. June 20, 1865.
George B. Barnhart, must, in Sept. 14, 1864; must.
out with company May 30, 1865.
James B. Boyd, must, in Sept. 20, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Americus Brook, must, in Sept. 18,1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
David Best, must, in Sept. 18, 1864.
Bernard Bradley, must, in Sept. 10, 1S64.
William Brannon, must, in Sept. 10, 1864.
Charles Burns, must, in Sept. 10, 1864.
Isaiah Caufman, must, in Sept. 18, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
David Caufman, must, in Sept. 20, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
George H. Carhner, must, in Sept. 13, 1864; must.
out with company May 30, 1865.
Jerome Conlycome, must, in March 8, 1865 ; trans.,
date and organization unknown.
George Caufman, must, in Sept. 18, 1864; died at
Washington, D. C, April 1, 1865.
Nicholas Codori, must, in Sept. 10, 1864.
Patrick Clary, must, in Sept. 19, 1864.
Thomas H. Curry, must, in Sept. 19, 1864.
Edward Coleman, must, in Sept. 10, 1864.
Hugh Carrigan, must, in Sept. 10, 1864.
S. Dunkleberger, must, in Sept. 12, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
William Ditch, must, in Sept. 13,1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
James L. Dunbar, must, in Sept. 10, 1864.
John Dugan, must, in Sept, 10, 1864.
George English, must, in Sept. 10, 1864.
James T. Funk, must, in Sept. 18, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Adam Frey, must, in Sept. 24, 1864 ; wounded at
Gravelly Run, Va., March 31, 1865; disch. by
G. O. May 30, 1865.
David Fulton, must, in Oct. 1, 1864; died Jan. 18,
1865.
John Foster, must, in Sept. 19, 1864.
Theodore Fisher, must, in Sept. 16, 1864.
John Flaherty, must, in Sept. 16, 1864.
Patrick Gibuey, must, in Sept. 10, 1864; wounded at
Dabney Mills, Va., Feb. 6, 1865 ; disch. by G.
O. May 15, 1865.
Charles Gardner, must, in March 8, 1865; trans.,
date and organization unknown.
Simon P. Green, must, in Sept. 14, 1864 ; died at
Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 12, 1865.
John Gowldy, mu.st. in Sept. 10, 1864.
John Gordon, must, in Sept. 19, 1864.
William E. Hensel, must, in Sept. 14, 1864 ; must.
out with company May 30, 1865.
Adam Histe, must, in Sept. 18, 1864 ; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
Daniel J. Hepfer, must, in Sept. 18, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Daniel Hahn, must, in Sept. 15, 1864; disch. by G.
O. Aug. 28, 1865.
George Holdsworih, must, in March 8,1865; trans.,
date and organization unknown.
George Herron, must, iu March 9, 1865; trans., date
and organization uuknown.
Patrick Harrington, must, in March 9, 1865 ; trans.,
date and organization unknown.
John S. Heirer, must, in Sept. 18, 1864; died at Bal-
timore, Md., Feb. 22, 1865.
James Harewood, must, in Sept. 19, 1864.
George A. Krise, must, in Sept. 20, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Joseph Kent, must, in Sept. 14, 1864 ; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
John Knox, must, in Sept. 22, 1864; disch. on surg.
certif. June 14, 1865.
Philip Kearney, must, in Sept. 10, 1864.
John Lynch, must, in Sept. 19, 1864.
Henry Lipocome, must, in Sept. 19, 1864.
James Landers, .must, in Sept. 19, 1864.
Joseph Muckley, must, in Sept. 14, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Henry Mayor, must, in Sept. 20, 1864; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
Daniel Miller, must, in Sept. 24, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
William H. Martin, must, in Sept. 14, 1864; wounded
at Gravelly Run, Va., March 31, 1865; di.sch. by
G. O., date unknown.
John Machie, must, in Sept. 19, 1864.
Daniel McPherson, must, in Sept. 14, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
411
John McPherson, must, in Sept. 18, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Frank McKenna, must, in Sept. 19,1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
James McGruer, must, in Sept. 11, 1864.
John M. Newhart, must, in Sept. 14, 1864; must, out
with company May .30, 1865.
Peter Putnam, must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
John Pervard, must, in Sept. 18, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Frederick Peters, must, in Sept. 19, 1864.
Charles Rock, must, in Sept. 18, 1864; must, out with
company May 30, 18()5.
Samuel Robinson, must, in Sept. 18, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
P. E. Rosenberger, must, in Sept. 18, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Nicholas Radle, must, in Sept. 18, 1864 ; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Edward Reese, must, in Sept. 14, 1864 ; disch. by
G. O. June 5, 1865.
Thomas Ryan, must, in Sept. 20, 1864.
Harvey Reily, must, in Sept. 10, 1864.
Daniel S. Saylor, must, in Sept. 18, 1864 ; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
George W. Swank, must, in Sept. 18, 1864 ; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Martin L. Summers, must, in Sept. 16, 1864; must.
out with company May 30, 1865.
John Shank, must, in Sept. 20, 1864; must, out with
company May 30, 1865.
Amos F. Savage, must, in Sept. 15, 1864; wounded at
Gravelly Run, Va., March 31, 1865; disch. by
G. O., date unknown.
Francis Strawbaugh, nmst. in Sept. 14, 1864; wound-
ed at Gravelly Run, Va., March 31, 1865; disch.
by G. O., date unknown.
Henry Simms, must, in March 8, 1865; died at City
Point, Va., April oth, of wounds received at Grav-
elly Run March 31, 1865. ,
Felix Schuefl", must, in March 9, 1865 ; wounded at
Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865; disch. by G. 0.
June 9, 1865.
Thomas Searth, must, in April 1, 1865 ; trans., date
and organization unknown.
Joseph H. Sanders, must, in Sept. 19, 1864.
Michael Stanton, must, in Sept. 16, 1864.
Michael Sullivan must, in Sept. J6, 1864.
Wm. F. Thompson, must, in Sept. 9, 1864 ; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
John B. Thomas, must, in Sept. 19, 1864.
Peter Weaver, Jr., must, in Sept. 14, 1864; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
John A. Wilson, must, in Sept. 14, 1864 ; must, out
with company May 30, 1865.
Robert Walton, must, in Oct. 8, 1864 ; trans., date
and organization unknown.
Francis C. Williams, must, in Oct. 18, 1864.
Charles Williams, must, in Oct. 18, 1864.
Jacob Williams, must, in Oct. 14, 1864.
John Walter, must, in Oct. 18. 1864.
Daniel Zetts, must, in Oct. 14, 1864; wounded at
Gravelly Run, Va., March 31, 1865; disch. by
G. O., date unknown.
TWO HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH REGIMKNT.
The Two Hundred aud Thirteentli Regiment
(one year's .service), was organized IMarch 2,
1865, under command of Colonel John A. Gor-
gas. During the less than forty days which
elapsed between its organization and the close
of the war by the surrender at Appomattox, it
was on duty guarding the prisoner's camj) in
Maryland, known as " Camp Parole," and (a
part of the coiumand) was posted at Frederick
City, Md., guarding the line of the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad. After the sm-render of the
Confederate army and consequent close of the
war, the regiment was placed on the north line
of the Washington defenses, and there remained
until the 18tli of November, M'hen it was mus-
tered out of the service. A large detachment
of Juniata County men enlisted, and served in
this regiment in Company G., commanded by
Captain William Babe. These men were all
mustered out witli their company Xovemlier
18, 1865.
Martin L. Littlefield, 1st lieut., must, in Mar -h 1,
1865.
Jesse W. Warner, must, in Feb. 16, 1865.
John A. Ebberts, must, in Feb. 21, 1865 ; pro. to corp.
Sept. 11, 1865.
James Stewart, must, in March 10, 1865.
Privates.
Richard Alcott, must, in Feb. 17, 1865.
Samuel Bell, must, in Feb. 22, 1865.
William Brannan, must, in Feb. 17, 1865.
Jacob Etka, must, in Feb. 17, 1865.
Hiram Knox, must, in Feb. 22, 1865.
David H. Long, must, in Feb. 16, 1865.
Israel W. 'Long, must, in Feb. 16, 1865.
Martin C. Leonard, must, in Feb. 22, 1865.
Hezekiah McAfee, must, in Feb. 16, 1865.
Moses Pennebaker, must, in Feb. 23, 1865.
EMERGENCY TROl )PS.
The Emergency Troops and the militia regi-
ments of 1862 and 1863, that were called out
by the Governor of the State to assist in repel-
ling the Confederate invasions of Maryland and
Pennsylvania in the years named, were largely
412
JUNIATA AiND SUSQUEHANiNA VALLEifS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
swelled by contributions of men and officers
(very many of them veterans who had previously
served out a term of enlistment) from each of
the five couuties of ]\Iifflin, Union, Juniata,
Perry and Snyder. In the Third Regiment of
1862 were two companies (B and C) from
Union County, and Company E, same regi-
ment, was of Juniata County men, commanded
by Captain Erasmus D. Crawford. To the
Fourth Regiment, called out at the same time,
Mifflin County contributed Company A, from
Lewistown and Company C, from McVey-
town. In the Sixth Regiment were two
Perry County companies, D and I. Of the
Eighteenth Militia Regiment in the " Shade
Gap and Mount Union campaign" of 1862,
Company I was taken out from Juniata County
by Dr. S. B. Crawford as captain, who, being
promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the
regiment, was succeeded in the company com-
manded by William C. Laird ; and Company
K of tiie same regiment was also of Juniata
men, commanded by Captain John Deitrick ;
while Companies D and E, commanded re-
spectively by Captain A. C. Simpson and Cap-
tain Simon P. Wolverton, were made up of men
of Snyder and ]\Iiffliu Counties. A cavalry com-
pany of Mifflin County was organized Septem-
ber 15, 1862, under: Captain, William Mann,
Jr ; First Lieutenant, Thomas Reed ; Second
Lieutenant, Jolin Hays, Jr. ; with Sergeants
Howard McFarland, Edward Locke, Reynolds
McDonald, John Montgomery ; Corporals
Michael Buoy, Robert Roenig, Henry Taylor,
William Wills; Privates, Elijah Burns, James
A. Carson, Thomas Ellis, Michael Gar-
vin, Andrew Taylor, John Garver, George
Houser, Davis Henry, William Irvin, John
Kerr, James Kyle, Jacob Kohler, John
Langton, Luther Lougwell, Joseph Latchford,
John W. Lehr, Edward Moore, James May-
born, Samuel McDowell, James McFarland,
Edward McBride, James H. McClenehan,
Samuel McKitt, Howard McDowell, A. J. Pat-
terson, James J. Pelters, James W. Sterrett,
John D. Snook, Samuel Shunk, Frederick
Schaaf, Jacob Swabt and Isaac Strimk, — but,
like many other independent companies organ-
ized at the time, was discharged after about
twenty days, without having been called on for
service.
Of the ninety-day militia of 1863, the Thirty-
sixth Regiment contained Companies A and H,
of Mifflin Count}' men ; B and I were from
Perry County ; Company D was composed of
Juniata County soldiers, under Captain Lewis
Degen. The Thirtieth Regiment Emergency
Troops of 1863 embraced one company (I)
from Snyder County, under Captain A. C. Simp-
son. Of the Twenty-eighth Regiment Emer-
gency Troops of 1863, the colonel, lieutenant-
colonel and nearly the entire staff were from
Union County, while three of its companies
were chiefly composed of Union and Snyder
County men, for which reason, lists of them'
are given here, which has not been done in the
cases of the militia and Emergency Troops be-
fore mentioned, whose existence did not extend
more than about fifteen days at the most from
organization to discharge, and who had no op-
portunity to show their fighting qualities in the
field, though their patriotism was fully shown
by their promptness in organizing and holding
themselves ready to meet the invader. Follow-
ing are the lists referred to of the Twenty-
eighth :
TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, EMERGENCY
TROOPS.
FIELD AND STAFF.
James Chamberlin, col., Thompson G. Evans, q.m.,
John McCleary, It.-col., George Lotz, surgeon,
Samuel H. Orwig, q.m.-sergt.
COMPANY A.
Captain.
Thomas R. Jones.
First Lieutenant.
David M. Nesbit.
Second Lieutenant.
Charles S. James.
First Sergeant.
Owen P. Eaches.
Sergeants.
Benjamin F. Cox, Ross Ward,
John B. Hutton, Robert A. Townsend.
Corporals.
John G. Blair, Henry H. Witmer,
John Ritner, Harrison B. Garner,
David McDermond, Joseph H. Shepperd,
Joseph R. Frederick, Henry C. Wolf.
THE WAR FOR THE UNION.
413
Musicians.
Frederick E. Bower, George D. Kincade.
Alfred Lilley,
Howard W. Murphy,
James Murty,
Salman D. Munson,
Abraham Mowry,
P. Meixell,
Ziba Meixell,
John Mench,
Theodore McFadden,
Hugh H. Penny,
George Paul,
George Pross,
Amariah H. Pierce,
Samuel Reber,
William R. Rossell,
Edward M. Reber,
Oliver P. Rearick,
Howard W. Reed,
Elisha Straub,
Alfred Slifer,
Samuel Stuck,
Jonathan W. Slear,
John D. Stitzer,
Charles E. Solomon,
John A. Winegarden,
Conrad Wetzel,
William H. Washeliskei,
George Washeliskei,
Benjamin H. AVilliams,
Joseph H. Wagner,
George W. Zechmau.
David Brooks,
Franklin Bay,
Samuel Baus,
John W. Balliet,
John H. Betzer,
Bright Henry Barton,
William K. Crites,
Edward Cornelius,
Zaccheus Cornelius,
Zaccheus Chappel,
Peter Collins,
William H. Cowley,
George Dull.
Charles C. Dunkle,
William 0. Donachy,
Franklin Donahower,
John Eyer,
John A. Frain,
John H. Fornwalt,
Abraham H. Goodman
Isaiah Gussler,
Samuel M. Giffin,
Henry Heitsman,
Jacob Heitsman,
James E. Herr,
Thom;is Howard,
John Howard,
John R. Hess,
John F. Irwin,
James W. Kelley,
William A. Loomis,
William Lokas,
COMPANY D.
Captain.
Charles C. Shorkley.
First Lieutenant.
Josiah Kelly.
Second Lieutenant.
Samuel D. Bates.
First Sergeant.
Samuel W. Murray.
Sergeants.
William L. Nesbit, Jacob K. Mertz,
Jacob Neyhart, Sylvanus G. Bennett.
Corporals.
George W. Cornelius, Thomas Shoemaker,
Daniel Meyers, George B. Miller,
William T. Leinbach, William Myers,
Daniel Brown, Isaac Wagner.
Musician.
Edward JIcGregor.
Privates.
Daniel W. Barnhart, George Bowman,
Peter G. Bobb, William W. Case,
George J. Brensinger, Asher Cook, Jr.
John W. Curtis,
Edwin Colvert,
John A. Donachy,
Frank C. Derr,
George Fegley,
David Gebhart,
Theodore A. K. Gessler,
Nathaniel Giddings,
Thomas A. Gill,
Henry F. Grier,
George C. Hall,
Jacob W. Hess,
Eleazer E. Hill,
John S. Hutson,
Henry J. Henderson,
Jacob D. James,
Jesse Z. Johnson,
Antis Krape,
David P. Leas,
Galen H. Lotz,
Freeman Loomis,
Clement B. Low,
James C. Leinbach,
George O. Martz,
Webster R. Maul,
Charles VV. Mettler,
Henry C. Munro,
John J. Overholt,
Thomas E. Phillips,
John B. Probasco,
David E. Read,
Jesse J. Read,
Oliver J. Read,
Edwin H. Ranney,
William H. Runyan,
Orlando W. Spratt,
Leroy Stephens,
Thomas W. Shanafelt,
Charles A. Stone,
John J. W. Schwartz,
Franklin P. Startzle,
Edward H. ShaflFer,
Robert C. Straw,
Thomas .1. Small,
Joseph R. Smith,
George W. Truitt, Jr.
Robert Vanvalzah,
William Winterbottoni,
Jacob C. Wolf,
William J. Wolvertou,
Isaac C. Wynn.
Peter Yeager.
William Ginter,
Lorenzo D. Brewer,
J. Henry Brown,
John W. Brown,
Richard Dye,
Theodore Taylor,
James Forest,
Absalom Baldwin,
Samuel Beck,
Allen Bell,
Frank Bently,
William D. Bower,
William F. Brown,
Robert M. Cathcart,
George P. Derr,
David H. Dotts,
M. Reese Dill,
Abraham Dolby,
COMPAKY F.
Captain. \
George W. Forrest.
First Lieutenant.
Andrew H. Dill.
Second Lieutenant.
James Hays.
First Sergeant.
David B. Nesbit.
Sergeants.
AdolphusA. Kaufman,
William H. Nesbit.
Corporals.
Joseph M. Housel,
Samuel F. Gundy,
Thomas Ritner,
Edward H. Richards.
Musicians.
Jacob H. Worth.
Privates.
Thompson Donachy,
George Hughes,
Willilim H. Imhofl;
William Kennedy,
Jacob Long,
William Loudenslager,
Charles Marsh,
J. Howard Miller,
Joseph Murphy,
Alvin Nesbit,
Samuel I. Pardoe,
414
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Peter G. Paul,
George M. Poeth,
Lemuel Eank,
John S. Reese,
John W. Simonton,
Benjamin F. Smithers,
Jacob M. Smith,
William Search,
Frank Stoughton,
John Vincent,
Edward Walker,
C. C. Wertz,
John D. Wallace,
Peter Zentmeyer.
ONE HUNDREP DAVS' MEN (1864), PERRY
COUNTY.
The following were one hundred days' men
of 1864 from Perry County. They were mus-
tered in from July 16 to August 12, 1864,
organized at Harrisburg and mustered out No-
vember 10 to 14, 1864.
Company D, First Battalion. — The fol-
lowing served in Company D, First Battalion,
of the one hundred days' men :
D. 0. Orris, 1st. lieut. ; residence, Saville township.
George Flickinger, 3d sergt. ; residence, Saville twp.
Andrew J. Kochenderfer, corp. ; residence, Saville
townshij).
Privates.
Henry O. Bender ; residence, Saville township.
Benjamin F. Bender ; residence, Saville township.
Henry W. Flickinger ; residence, Saville township.
Martin Flickinger ; residence, Saville township.
William H. Graham ; residence, Saville township.
David Gutshall ; residence, Saville township.
Henry S. Jacobs ; residence, Saville township.
Irvin Kerr ; residence, Tuscarora township.
Peter Long ; residence, Saville township.
William T. Odell ; residence, Tyrone township.
John A. Odell ; residence, Tyrone township.
David M. Rice; residence, Saville township.
William P. Stambaugh ; residence, Saville township.
John A. Stambaugh ; residence, Tyrone township.
Company E, Second Battalion. — The
following served in Company E, Second Bat-
talion, of the one hundred days' men :
Joel F. Fredericks, capt. ; residence, Bloomfield twp.
John Jones, 1st sergt. ; residence, Juniata twp.
Samuel Briggs, 2d. sergt. ; residence, Carroll twp.
George S. Lackey, 3d sergt.
Isaac B. Trostle, 4th sergt.
James P. Laird, 5th sergt ; residence, Bloomfield twp.
Israel Bair, 1st. corp. ; residence, BufTalo twp.
James E. Woods, 2d corp. ; residence, Jackson twp.
Wilson D. Messimer, 4th corp. ; residence, Bloom-
field twp.
Cirson 8. Gotwalt, 5th corp. ; residence, Bloomfield
twp.
Charles B. Heinbach, 8th corp. ; residence. Green-
wood twp.
Fiicales.
John C. Adams ; residence, Tyrone twp.
David R. Demaree ; residence, Newport twp.
David T. Dumm ; residence, Spring twp.
Henry B. Eby ; residence, Toboyne twp.
John Frank ; residence, Newport twp.
A. Blain Grosh ; residence, Jackson twp.
Anthony Gibbous ; residence. Spring twp.
D. H. Hollenbaugh ; residence, Madison twp.
Alexander M. Hench ; residence, Madison twp.
D. M. Hoheushildt ; residence, Madison twp.
Aaron HofTman ; residence, Madison twp.
George Kochenderfer ; residence, Saville twp.
John Miller.
Silas H. Mickey ; residence, Carroll twp.
Andrew Lightner.
Isaiah D. Musser ; residence, Newport twp.
Charles A. Murray ; residence, Bloomfield twp.
John S. Musser ; residence, Newport twp.
Samuel Noll ; residence, Spring twp.
John M. Noll ; residence, Spring twp.
Benjamin Rice ; residence. Spring twp.
William W. Sheibley ; residence, Madison twp.
William F. Sheibley ; residence, Madison twp.
David R. Smith ; residence. Spring twp.
Philip Shuler ; residence, Jackson twp.
Alfred Waggoner ; residence. Spring twp.
miscellaneous.
The following is a list of person.= who resided
in Mifflin County and who served in the regi-
ments and companies designated :
John S. Houtz, Co. B, 10th Regt., Pa. Vols, (three
months').
J. Shaffer Jacobs, Co. B, 10th Regt. Pa. Vols, (three
months').
George W. Threlkeld, Co. I, 15th Regt. Pa. Vols.,
(three months') ; first prisoner of war taken.
Hiram Edmiston, Co. I, 15th Regt. Pa. Vols, (three
months').
Samuel Tice, Co. I, 15th Regt. Pa. Vols, (three
months').
Josiah Marks, Co. I, 15th Regt. Pa. Vols, (three
months').
Alexander Edwards, Co. I, 15th Regt. Pa. Vols.
(three months').
William H. Kreider, Co. I, 15th Regt. Pa. Vols.
(three months').
James Settle, Co. I, 15th Regt. Pa. Vols, (three
months').
Peter Hardsock, Co. A, 77th Regt. Pa. Vols, (three
years').
Marion F. Hamaker, Co. B, 11th Regt. Pa. Vols.
(three months') ; wounded at Falling Waters,
Va., July 2, 1861 ; first Union soldier wounded
in the war.
Rev. David McCay, chaplain 103d Regt. Pa. Vols.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
415
"William Earnsliaw, chaplain 4yth Pa. Inf'a'y ; chap-
lain to Soldiers' Home, Dayton, Ohio.
AVilliam H. Lepley, Co. H, 51st Pa. Vol. lufa'y.
David C. Appleby, Co. I, 149th Pa. Vol. Infa'y.
Milton Lane, Co. H, 54th Regt. Mass. Vols.
William H. Spigelmoyer, Co. I, 184th Pa. Vol. Infa'y.
John I. Smith, Co. I, 184th Pa. Vol. Infa'y.
Jeremiah Mohney, Co. I, 184th Pa. Vol. Infa'y.
Isaiah Marks, Co". G, 184th Pa. Vol. lufa'y.
William Whippo, Co. C, 49th Pa. Vol. Infa'y.
Aaron F. Gass, Co. I, 184th Pa. Vol. Infa'y.
James Potter, Co. L, 9th Pa. Cavalry.
John H. Brought, Co. L, 9th Pa. Cavalry.
John F. Stratford, Co. L, 19th Pa. Cavalry.
John W. Bradley, Co. F, 19th Pa. Cavalry.
William Lepley, Co. H, 51st Pa. lufa'y.
William H. Bengamin, Co. F, 184th Pa. lufa'y.
John R. McMullin, Co. I, 21st Pa. Cavalry.
William Hanan, Co. D, 1.30th Pa. Infa'y.
Joseph H. McClintock, Co. A 87th Pa. Infa'y.
Frank P. Kirk. Co. F, 126th Pa. Infa'y.
D. Crawford Selheiraer, lieut. 9th Regt. N. Y. S. M.
Hon. Walter Parcells, 25th Regt. N. Y. Cavalry.
Thomas Strang, Crocker's Iowa Brigade.
Abram Cash, lieut. 71st Regt. N. Y. Vols.
John M. Gallagher, Co. K, 143d Pa. Infa'y.
John H. McKim, Co. G, 22d Regt. U. S. Colored
Troops.
Lewis Thomas, Co. C, 8th Regt. U. S. Colored
Troops.
John Boone, Co. K, 22d Regt. U. S. Colored Troops.
James Gayton.
Edward C. Stones, Ist.sergt., 22d Regt. U. S. Colored
Troops.
William Anderson, Co. H, 54th Mass. Vols.
Milton Lane, Co. H, 54th Mass. Vols.
Evan R. Hildebrand, 2d lieut. Co. A., 30th Regt. In-
diana Vols.
George H. Stains, pri. Co. E., 53d Regt. Pa. Vols.
John Feeney, Co. L, 19th Pa. Cavalry.
Josiah Briuinger, Co. E, 93d Pa. Vols.
Samuel Lessick, Co. E, 84th Regt. Pa. Vols.
The following served in the Third Pennsyl-
vania Artillery :
Battery A— William S. Settle.
Battery E — George Clum, Cyrus Corbet, Daniel
Bearley, Francis H. Sample, Henry H. Rush,
Daniel Amich, Vance C. Aurand, Harry- Peters,
John Long, George W. Threlkeld, John A.
Aultz, William George.
Battery M— John A. McDonald, John Pugh, Lewis
P. Crawford, Robert Dunn, John L. North, Ser-
geant Abram Harshburger, William Stull.
The following served in the Eighteenth
United States Infantry :
John Martin, William Jl. Wagiur, .John Hottier,
John Armstrong, James Campbell, John Brown,
Thomas Havice, James Barlett (Juniata County).
The following were officers in the United
States regular army :
David D. Van Valzah, capt. ; Evan Miles, capt. ;
David Wilson, capt. ; Richard C. Parker, major;
William C. Mitchell, bvt. brig.-gen. (deceased) ;
William P. Maclay, capt., r)2d Pa. Infa'y.
The following were surgeons :
Andrew J. Atkinson, Thomas A. Worrall, brig. surg. ;
George Hoover, J. Irwin Marks, George V.
Mitchell, John Norris ; Drs. Bowers, Bigelow,
Harshbarger, Rothrock, Mahone and Gibboney,
Dr. John Van Valzah (Illinois Vols.).
The following were hospital stewards :
Joseph McFadden, 131st Regt. ; Charles Nieman,
46th Regt. ; W. F. McCay, 107th Regt.
The following names are of persons who re-
sided in Juniata County, Pa., who do not ap-
pear in rosters of companies given, together with
the rank, company and regiment of which they
were members :
foueteexth re<iimext, company f (three
months').
E. W. H. Kreider. William Littlefield.
T. A. McAllister.
FIFTEENTH REGIMENT (THREE MONTHS').
Matthew Hate, sergt. Isaiah W. Marks.
Jacob Deitrich. William Roush.
William H. Kreider. I. W. Revnolds.
CHAPTER IX.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
The Indian Paths followed by the White Man's Roads —
The Pennsylvania and other Railroads within the Five
Counties.
In almost any given region of territory it
will be found that the centres or chief seats of
the past and present populations have occupied
practically the same ground, and so general is
this rule that where a marked exception has oc-
curred, peculiar and potent causes may be looked
for as its explanation. As a natural .sequence
to this truth that the centres of population of
successive races have been generally one and
the same, it follows that the highwavs of ti-avpl
416
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
in the past and in the present must similarly
coincide or approximate. The lines along which,
with roar and rumble, the iron horse now
rushes with his mighty load, making an old-
time day's journey in sixty minutes, are almost
exactly coincident with the fii'st rude wagon-
roads of the pioneers of a century and more
ago, and also with the paths or trails along the
water-courses and through the easiest mountain
passes trodden from time immemorial by the
moccasined foot of the red man. In one respect,
then, it is literally true that civilization has fol-
lowed in the footsteps of barbarism ; that the
skilled surveyor and engineer has followed with
scientific instruments where the ignorant savage
first went, guided only by the instincts of wood-
craft. The diiFerence between the new and the
old is far less in the direction or lines of com-
munication than in the method of travel, and the
moderns, with all of their wisdom and knowl-
edge, liave done little besides making grand im-
provements on old routes — building with stone
and iron and steel, it is true, but nevertheless
along the course of the old, narrow, leaf-strewn
path that the Indian first found out was the
most direct and practicable line of communica-
tion between two given points.
Bearing in mind the foregoing general fact, it
may be of interest to briefly describe the In-
dian trails of the Juniata and Susquehanna
region before taking up for consideration the
roads and railroads and other means of transit
and traffic which have succeeded them. For
this purpose we draw information from the
writings of two local students of and writei's upon
the subject.^
" There can be no doubt (says Mr. Guss) that
the whole country was ramified with the paths
used by the Onajutta-Haga, or the ancient
people of the Juniata, who were exterminated
by the Iroquois prior to the time this country
was penetrated by the white peojile. They were
a superior race, lived largely by cultivation of
the soil, and beyond doubt had regular paths by
which they traveled to and from their settle-
ments.
' The accounts of the Indian paths or trails as here given
is derived cliiefly from an article by Prof A. S. Guss and
from John Blair Linn's "Annals of the Buffalo Valley."
" The Tuscaroras, also, who came to the Ju-
niata Valley in 1713, no doubt fell in the old
routes, and used them for communication in dif-
ferent directions. Even after the great body
of them had removed to New York, they had a
seltlement in Tuscarora Valley, and used it as a
stopj)ing-place between those in the north and
those still left in the south, for they continued
passing backward and forward for fifty-five
years. There was a regular path from the Five
Nations in New York, down the Susquehanna,
leaving the river at Shamokin or Sunbury, pass-
ing near Richfield, Thompsontown and Mexico,
crossing the Juniata at Port Royal, continuing
up through Tuscarora Valley, entering Path
Valley at Concord, striking the Potomac about
Harper's Ferry, and continuing on down through
Virginia east of the Blue Ridge, and at a later
date west of the Ridge down the Shenandoah
Valley. This was known as the Tuscarora
Path, and this term gave the name Path Valley
to a part of the present Franklin County.
Another branch of this path led on up the val-
ley and crossed the Potomac at Hancock, Md.
"From this path there were branches leading
from Port Royal, by way of Licking Creek, to
Lewistown, which, after 1755, was called the
Fort Granville road ; another across Tuscarora
Mountain by the Run Gap ; and a couple of
others farther up the valley. Many other paths
ramified through the surrounding country, but
the knowledge of their exact locations has per-
ished in most instances. Where the soil has
been left undisturbed, however, they may yet
be traced in the woods for great distances."
]\Ir. Linn says the great Indian path through
the Buffalo Valley "left the Susquehanna River
at the firet ravine, a few rods below the Northum-
berland Bridge, passed up the river, following the
main road as it now is, for a few miles ; then
turning towards the river, it came down the hill
upon the Merrill place ; thence followed the bank
of the river up through the old Macphersou
place to Lees Winfield ; thence passed through
the fields from the Gundy road to Fourth Street,
Lewisburgh ; thence to Buffalo Creek, where the
iron bridge now is ; thence it curved towards the
river, passed up through Shikellemy's town and
along the river around the rocks into White
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
417
Deer Valley. The paths throiigli the valley
westward are obliterated, historically and topo-
graphically, except the small portion of the one
passing into Brush A'^ailey, which may still be
traced in the woods at Solomon Heberling's."
Tiiere was an Indian patii along the Juniata
River for many years, and it was the route of
the Delaware Indians in 1742, when they were
on their way to Philadel]5hia to attend a treaty,
and discovered Frederick Starr and others locat-
ed upon their lands on the Juniata, above Mex-
ico, in Juniata County. This path passed
thi-ough the Juniata A''alley and on to Kittan-
ning Point, near the present western line of
Blair County. It was described by Governor
Morris as " only a horseway through the woods
and over mountains, not passable with any car-
riage." This trail became a pack-horse path
used by the Indian traders in their journeys
through this region. George Croghan, Thomas
McKee, Jack Armstrong, Francis Ellis, Wil-
liam Baskins and many others passed through
this region in 1740 and succeeding years.
It was along this path, then called the " Horse-
wav," that Braddock's troops marched when on
their way to Fort Duquesne, in 1755, and it was
improved by Colonel James Burd for their pass-
age. It was along this path, also, that the Rev.
Charles Beatty passed, August 25, 1766, when
on his missionary tour through this region. In
1 769, at the October term of court, the inhabit-
ants upon the route petitioned the court of Cum-
berland County for a bridle-path along this trail
from Aughwick to the mouth of Kishacoquillas
Creek. This route, by action of court at vari-
ous times, was improved, and eventually be-
came the great stage and mail route from Phil-
adelphia to Pittsburgh, and later the route of
the canal and railroad lines, the latter being the
great through route from Philadel})hia to the
West.
Earliest Bridle -Paths and Wagon-
Roads. — By the Improvement Act of April 13,
1791, £300 was granted for the improvement
of a road from tlie mouth of the Juniata to Da-
vid ^tiller's (Millerstown),ou the Juniata, through
Dick's Gap ; =£1 80 was granted for a road through
the Long Narrows, and £120 for one through
Jack's and Igow's Xarrows. In 1807 an act
was passed incorporating a turnpike company
to build a road along this route, which was
completed at the east end in 1818, and at the
west end in 1825.
The earliest evidence of a road laid out in
the Indian purchase of 1754 is found in the
court records at Carlisle. In 1761 a road was
ordered to be laid out from Carlisle to Sherman's
Valley, extending through part of Cumberland
and Perry Counties.
"South of these counties there had been a
road cut for military purposes, in connection
with getting supplies to General Braddock,
during his campaign in 1755. It passed from
Fort Loudon, in Franklin County, by Fort
Littleton, in Fulton, to Fort Bedford, in Bed-
ford County.
"In 1762, January terra, viewers previously
appointed advised that a road be made through
lands of Francis West and others from Carlisle
across the mountain, and through Sherman's
Valley 'to Alexander Logan's, and from thence
to the Gap in the Tuscarora Mountain, lead-
ing to Aughwick and Juneata as the nearest
and best way from the head of Sherman's
Valley to Carlisle.' The road from Carlisle to
the gap in Tuscarora INIountain was all in
Perry County. The 'Gap' is that through
Liberty Valley near Bealetown. ' Aughwick '
is now Shirleysburg, in Huntingdon County.
The ' Juniata ' is the Raystown Branch in the
vicinity of Bedford. This report was con-
firmed.
"In the spring of 1767 there was a petition
for a road from Baskin's ferry, on the Susfjue-
hanna, to Andrew Stephens' ferry, on Juniata."
The location of this proposed road was from
Baskinsville (now a part of Duncannou) to
Stephens' ferry, a few miles up the Juniata
River.
"At the July sessions, 1767, the court received
a ' petition of the inhabitants of Kishecoquilas,
Jack's Creek, Lost Creek, Juniata and Tus-
corora, &c., for a road from the Siierman's Val-
ley road to Kishecoquilas Valley.' On the 6th
of May, 1768, the viewers reported in favor of
a carriage-road from the Sherman's Valley road,
beginning two and three-quarter miles from
Croghan's Gap, running through Rye township
418
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
and across the Juniata at tlie mouth of Sugar
Hun, into Fermanagh township, and thence
through the same and Derrv township, up tlie
north side of Juniata, into Kishacoquiias Val-
ley.
" Croghan's Gap is now known as Sterrett's
Gap. (Sugar Run is a small stream that enters
the Juniata a short distance below Raccoon
Creek, in Perry County.) The signers who are
represented as living in 'Juniata,' as distin-
guished from Tuscarora, Lost Creek and other
vallevs, were the inhabitants along the river
from Mexico to Thomj)sontown. That region
was frequently mentioned in the old days as
'Juniata,' and, big 'Juniata.'"
This was the first road laid out in ^Mifflin and
Juniata Counties.
"At the October sessions, 1767, a petition
was presented from inhabitants of Lack town-
ship, asking for a Bridle Road from said town-
ship to cross the Tuscarora Mountain at the
Run Gap, and thence to Cirlisle; and from the
mouth of the Long Narrows to the Run Gap
and to Sherman's Valley."
Viewers were appointed, who reported to Ihe
court " that they had viewed the route on the
7tli of September, 1768, and recommended 'a
road from Alricks' plantation, in Sherman's
Valley ; thence through the Run Gap in Tus-
carora Mouutain, and through lands of William
Rennison, Hugh Quiglcy, Clement Horrell,
Charles Poulk (Pollock), William Erwin and
Alexander Robison, in Tuscaroras Valley, and
from thence to the Long Nari'ows, on the Ju-
niata.' The location of Rennison was where
Thomas Stewart resides, in Turbett townshiji.
Horrell lived where Robert Robison resides.
Pollock lived next the ridge adjoining the
Sterrett place. Irwin's place was afterwards
known as the old Hugh Hardy place. Robison
lived on the Doty farm, in Muddy Run. Tiie
river-crossing must have been about Milford
Siding. The petitioners asked for a Bridle-
path, but the viewers recommended a Road.
It seems to have been on the route of the Fort
(jranville road, at least from Sterrett's, over the
ridge, through the Run Gap at the end of the
Shade Mountain, to Licking Creek.
" At the January term, 1770, a petition was
received from the inhabitants of Tuscarora
Valley for a road ' from John Furgues', in Sher-
man's Valley, round Tuskerora Mountain and
by Bail's Mills; thence across the Juniata River
below Williiim Patterson's and intersecting the
road lately laid out on the east side of Juniata.'
Nothing further in regard to this road appears
in the records. Patterson lived, at this date, on
the Strouse place, opposite Mexico. The road, it
seems, was to run up the valley and pass into
Perry County by the Gap through Liberty Val-
ley. Furgus lived in the house occupied by
Alex. Logan before he was killed by the In-
dians, in 1763, now owned by McMillans.
This action might have been a revival of the
effort to get the same road (including an exten-
sion to the river) that was opposed in 1767.
" At the March sessions, 1770, there was a
petition from ' inhabitants of Fermanagh town-
ship for a Bridle-Road leading from the upper
parts of Lost Creek to the Meeting-House in
said settlement and Captain James Patterson's
mill and the landing for water carriage.' The
signers are William Maclay, James Purdy,
Hugh McAllister, Samuel Mitchell, William
Henderson, John McCartney. No further rec-
ord in regard to this road is found. The 'meet-
ing-house' spoken of was at the residence of
David Diven, in Walker township. The upper
parts of Lost Creek was no doubt about McAl-
isterville. Maclay then lived upon and owned
the land where Mifflintown now stands and the
farms eastward. Purdy lived on Lost Creek,
near Jericho. McAlister and Mitchell lived
near McAlisterville. Henderson lived where
Joseph Rothrock resides. Patterson built the
first mill in Juniata County, and the expression
' Landing for Water Carriage' shows that this
was already a kind of headquarters for flat-
boats on the Juniata.
" At the January term, 1771, a petition was
presented for a road ' from James Gal laher's, on
the Juniata River, thence to William Patter-
son, Esq.'s, and from thence to James Raskin's
Ferr}' on the Juniata River,' which road was
confirmed as a Bridie-Path at the April term,
1771."
James Gallagher at this time lived near
Thompsontown. William Patterson resided in
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
419
Pfoiitz's Valley, and Baskiu's Ferry was at
Duncannon. This road was also a part of the
Indian path along the Juniata before mentioned.
" At the October sessions, 1771, there was an
application for a road fi'ora Armagh township
at Logan's Gap to Penu's Valley. This would
be from Reedsviile, Mifflin County, to the
neighborliood of Potter's Fort, in Centre Coun-
ty, across the Seven Mountains, indicating set-
tlers already over there.
" At the same term of court a petition was
received for a road from Wm. Patterson's mill,
on Cocolamus Creek, to Middle Creek. This
probably led from Pfoutz Valley to Middle
Creek, by Freeburg, and perhaps to Middle-
burg, in Snyder County."
The first road in the territory here treated of,
and in the purchase of 1768, of which any
mention is made, was in 1773, when upon peti-
tion to the Northumberland County Court
William Irwin, John Kelly, Robert King,
Jacob Grozean (called French Jacob) and Lud-
wig Derr were appointed viewers to lay out a
road " from the fording between Ludwig Derr's
and John Aurand's mill through Buffalo Val-
ley to the Narrows." They never reported, and
at May sessions, 1774, Samuel Maclay, William
Irwin, Henry Pontius, Ciiristian Storms and
William Gray were appointed in their stead.
At the February term, 177o, they reported the
first public road laid out by court through the
Buffalo Valley. It commenced on Ludwig
Derr's land (now Lewisburg) at a hickory on
the West Branch of the Susquehanna. The Hon.
J. B. Linn thus describes its course in 1877, —
" Leaving the river at Stroehecker's landing, it
passed up his lane and by an old house that formerly
stood in the southwest corner of Adam Gundy 's field;
thence along the line between Jolin G. Brown and J.
M. Linn, or near it, to and through Mortonsville,
through or by the site of Ellis Brown's new house, to
a white oak about one hundred rods west of his house.
Thus far one course. Thence it curved about the
hill, and ran in front of Frederick's, where stood the
pine ; and thence by Schrack's it ran straight, cross-
ing the present turnpike beyond Biehl's tavern. It
then ran north of the turnpike a little distance;
thence along its site to another pine, which stood near
where the Great Western Hotel now stands; thence it
followed the turnpike site until it reached its termi-
nus, where the Orwig mill road now comes out upon
the turnpike, east line of Jane Little, warrantee, one
hundred and twenty rods west of the officers' survey.
It was ordered to be opened, thirty-three feet wide."
Before this time, in 1770 or 1771, Reuben
Haines, a brewer of Philadelphia, who was the
owner of a large tract of land in Centre County,
and whose name has been perpetuated in the
name given to one of the townshijis in Centre
County, which adjoins Union County, had, as a
private enterprise, opened a road from North-
umberland by way of Dry Valley, and through
what is now I-imestone, Lewis and Hartley-
townships, and through the Narrows into Penn's
Valley, in the neighborhood of what is now
Aaronsburg. A tree on tliis road became fa-
mous as a landmark under the name of the " four-
mile tree." It was situated at the distance of
four miles from the eastern end of the Narrows,
and became a point on the line between North-
umberland and Centre Counties, and afterwards
between Union and Centre. The tree fell dov.n
many years ago. At this time all vestiges of
the tree have disappeared, and it has moiildereil
into its original elements. A stone monument
stands near its site and marks the spot where
the line between the counties crosses the turn-
pike. A babbling brook, which, on its wav to
join Laurel Run, comes tumbling over the rocks
near where the celebrated old tree formerly stood,
still bears the name of the Four-Mile Run, and is
a favorite place at which wayfarers on the turn-
pike stop to regale themselves with its sparkling
waters.
In the summer of 1775 petitions were sent to
Northumberland court, asking for a road from
Bald Eagle to Sunbury. Viewers were ap-
pointed to e.xamine and report a route, which
they did, and reported at the November term.
So much of its route is here given as relates to
the Buffalo Valley,—
" From a White Oak in the Narrows between
White Deer and Buffalo Valleys, two miles, ninety-
nine perches, to Smith's Mills (now Condor's) ; thence
to a white oak west side of Blythe'sMill (which was
probably nearer the mouth of the creek) ; thence to
McClure's (who live 1 on Blythe's laud) ; thence to a
white oak opposite the lower end of Marcus Hulings'
Island (Milton Bridge Island); thence to a plumb at
Peter Swartz's (Miller's place) ; thence to a stone at
Clark's (late ,Tohn Kling's) ; thence to a post at Rob-
ert Fruit's (Hinclcy's); thence to a post at William
420
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Gray's (now Paul Geddes') ; thence to Buft'alo creek
(where the iron bridge now spans the creels) ; thence
to a pine near the head of Derr's dam ; thence to a
pine, corner of Abel Reese's (i. e., through the Univer-
sity grounds to Adam Gundy and William Brown's
corner) ; thence to a post at Aurand's barn (Jenkins');
thence to John Lee's (Winfleld) ; thence to Andrew
Gibson's; thence to the gum near Reuben Haines'
road ; thence down the same to the black oak on the
west bank of the river opposite Sunbury."
At tlie same sessious the great road up tlie
valley was extended, tlirough the Narrows, to
the Great Plains, now in Centre County.
A petition was reeeived by the court ot'Cumber-
land County, at the January term, 1775, "from in-
habitants of Milford township, praying for a
road from a point neai' Thomas Kerr's, on the
great road from Path Valley, thence to the Ju-
niata River at or near John McClelland's." The
viewers appointed reported in favor of the road,
and the report was confiriued at the April ses-
sions, 1775. At the April term following, in-
habitants from the same township petitioned the
court for a road from the summit of Tuscarora
Mountain, at or near the head of the Run Gap,
and from thence to Thomas Correll's, on the Ju-
niata, at the lower end of the Long Narrows ;
and at the July term in the same year a road
was confirmed from William Logan's to David
Beale's mill (now Bealetown).
The excitement of the Revolution, which broke
out this year, absorbed the attention of the peo-
ple, and no further effort was made to lay out
roads until 1781. The first petition was pre-
sented at the July term of the Cumberland
County Court in 1781, and was for a road from
John Keppler's, on the Juniata River at Thomp-
sontown to Hamilton's Mill on Cocolamus Creek,
now the site of the saw-mill of Robert Humph-
rey, in Delaware township. At the January
session followi"g (1782) a petition was present-
ed for a road from John Harris' plantation
'now Mifflintown) to Hamilton's mill, men-
tioned above, thence to Fulton's Ferry, on the
Susquehanna. " At the April term, 1787, a
petition was presented for ' a road from John
Harris' Island to John Lyons, thence to Thom-
as Kerr's, to extend through the mountains;
and from Path Valley road to Laurel (or Spruce)
Run, on the south side of the Tuscarora Moun-
tain.' Harris' Island was Bell's Island, at Mif-
flintown. This seems to be the same route on
which a road was asked for in 1775. It was
probably opened soon after this last application.
It left the river at Patterson and jjassed directly
over the hills to Licking Creek, crossing that
stream about one hundred yards below the resi-
dence of David Cunningham, and it then came
to the present road leading from Patterson to
Academia, at the Lyon (now Sterrett) place.
" At the same term of court viewers reported
in favor of a road ' from Hamilton's Mill, on Lost
Creek settlement (Oakland Mills) to Miller's
Tavern, near the Ferry that leads to Carlisle
from Juniata.' The draft of this road starts at
Hamilton's Mill, on Lost Creek, passes Hugh
Sharron's house, crosses Lost Creek, passes over
Cedar Spring Ridge, goes by J. Dougherty's
house, and further on passes David Walker's
house and, going on, it terminates at the Carlisle
road. This road ran from Oakland Mills, across
the ridge, past Van Wert, to Thompsontown,"
and to Millerstown, Perry County, from which
place a road ran to Carlisle through what is
now New Bloomfield, Landisburg through
Croghan's Gap to Carlisle.
"At the October sessions, 1787, a report was
made in favor of a road, which was pi-ayed for
by petitioners of Milford and Fermanagh town-
ships, ' from Captain Enoch Anderson's mill on
Juniata to Robert Nelson's and thence to George
Pyle's, on the line of Northumberland County.'
At some distance from the starting-point the
road crosses Lost Creek at Epenetus Hart's
house ; passing Hugh McAlister's house, it re-
crosses Lost Creek, then passes David Martin's
house, to Cocolamus creek at William Mc-
Alister's house ; just above the forks of the
creek, then passes Michael Page's house, then
crosses the IMahantango creek at George Pyle's
house, and then down the creek by J. Shellen-
berger's house to a maple on the bank of the
creek.
"At the July sessions of 1788 viewers re-
ported favorably on ' a road from David Mil-
ler's Ferry on Juniata River to John Graybill's
Mill on Mohontongo Creek.' By the draft it
commenced at Miller's, passed by N. Myers'
house, crossed the Cocolamus creek to David
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
421
Bt-al's dwelling, crossed Crane's run, crossed
McConnel's run, near E. McCormick's house,
then by Evans' Cabin, on to Graybill's Mill, a
distance of nine and three-quarter miles."
The Pyles, Shellenbergers and Graybills
all lived on Mahantango Creek, near Richfield,
• and the last two roads ran from the Juniata
River above Mifflintown, through Oakland, ilc-
Alisterville, to Richfield, to John Graybill's
mill, near that place. Then across the county
southwesterly, passed Thomas Evans' cabin,
east of Thompsontown, across the Cocolamus,
to Millerstown.
At November sessions of the Northum-
berland County Court, (1786) viewers were
appointed to lay out a new road from the upper
part of Penn's Valley to Jeukin's mill and Sun-
bury, " to take the place of the old road, whose
badness is well known."
At the November sessions, 1787, the road
commencing at the head of Penn's Valley, thence
through Aaronsburg and the Narrows to John
Davidson's ferry, was ordered to be laid out.
At the January term of Cumberland Coun-
ty Court, 1788, a road was reported favorably
" from Reed's ferry, on the Susquehanna, to Bos-
ton Shade's mill, on Cocolamus Creek." (Sebas-
tian Shade's mill was in what is now Greenwood
township, Perry County).
In August of the same year viewei-s who had
been appointed at a former terna of court in
Northumberland County reported " that they
had laid out the road beginning at Derrstown, on
tlie West Branch ; thence to the meeting-house,
in Buffalo ; thence to Thompson's mill, on
Buffalo Creek ; thence to the east side of George
Rote's lane, whore it intersects the road leading
from Davidson's ferry to the Narrows ; distance,
nine and a half miles. (Thompson's mill be-
came Rockey's in 1789.) This is the road
leading past the late Francis Wilson's (by the
old Billmyer place) to Mifflinburg, Union
County.
In November, John Clarke, John Lowden
and Philip Voneida reported a road from
Michael Shirtz's, at the narrows of Penn's Creek,
past Peter Kester's, on the Cole place, to a pine-
tree at the end of Colonel Clarke's lane. This
is still the main road down Penn's Creek, through
Laurclton, Hartleton, and then south of the
turnpike to Mifflinburg."
In November, 1788, John Clarke, John
Lowdon and Philip Voneida reported the road
that comes down froih the upper end of the
valley, through Laurelton, Hartleton, and then
south of the turnjiike to Mifflinburg.
At ]May sessions, 1789, Samuel Mathers,
Colonel John Clarke, John McPhersou, Chris-
tian Schively and William Moor made report
that " they have laid the road from the second
hollow in the Big Blue hill to Hartley's house,
where Peter Kester now lives, on the road from
Davidson's ferry to Penn's Valley."
At the November sessions, 1790, a petition
was presented to the Northumberland County
Court asking for a road from the INIahauoy
road on the east side of the Susquehanna River
across the Isle of Que to the Penn's Valley
road, " to begin at Peter ^Vitmer's Ferry, on
the Susquehanna; then by Peter Hostermau's at
the mouth of Middle Creek ; thence by George
Overman on Penn's Creek, and from thence to
the road lately laid out from the Susquehanna
River, through Dry Valley, to (Jolonel Hartley's
tavern in Buffalo township." The viewers
made a report in May, 1791, which was con-
firmed at the December term in that year.
Prior to 1791, Colonel Samuel Miles, who
owned nearly all the lands in the lower end of
Brush Valley, built a road from what is com-
monly called Heberling's jNIill, in West Buffalo
township, through the Brush Valley Narrows
and up througii the valley to its upper end.
This he did to facilitate the access of settlers to
his lands. At January sessions, 1792, a public
road was reported, by viewere appointed lor that
purpose, from Brush Valley, by way of French
Jacob's mill (Heberling's), to where it intersect-
ed "the meeting-house road." (This refers to
the road from Lewisburgh, by way of Buffalo
Cross-Roads, to Mifflinburg.) The road througii
these narrows remained bad and difficult to
travel over until the present improved road was
made.
In 1840 an act was passed authorizing com-
missionei"S to lay out a State road from Heber-
ling's mill (French Jacob's) to Elk Creek,
throusrh the Brush Valley Narrows. It was laid
422
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
out and completed in 1846-47, and passed along
the route of the old road in most of its course.
At November sessions, 1792, the road from
Wolf's tavern (afterwards Lyon's, on the Cum-
berland road, leading to Siinbury) to Jenkins'
mill, thence to Derr's Town, at the south end
of Second Street, along Second to Market, to
Front, by way of St. John's, to the mouth of
Buffalo Creek, was laid out.
Mifflin County was erected in 1789, and at
that time embraced its jjresent territory, Juniata
County and part of Centre. The following is a
brief account of petitions for and locations of
roads, as taken' from court records, March term,
1790:
On petition from inhabitants of Wayne town-
siiip for a road from Samuel Holliday's mill to
intersect the road from Summerville's mill to the
State road, viewers were appointed, who report-
ed at next term. John Carmichael petitioned
for a review, which was granted, and the re-
viewers reported a road laid out thirty-three
feet wide, which report was confirmed at the
December term, 1790.
In March, 1790, a petition was made from
inhabitants of Derry township for a road from
Lewistown to intersect the road from Beaver
Dam townshij) (Beaver) to the Northumberland
County line. The road was laid out and con-
firmed at the next term of court.
Inhabitants of Derry and Wayne townships
asked for a road from Lewistown, past William
Smith's dwelling-house and Brightfield's Run,
to Samuel Holliday's mill, to John Culbertson's
fulling-mill, and the most direct course to Sam-
uel Drake's, at the Huntingdon County line.
Upon reports and examination, the road was
declared laid out in September, 1790.
The inhabitants of the east end of Armagh
township presented petitions for the two roads
here given :
"A Road leading from the east end of said Township
(viz.) from Thomas Thompson's, thenighest and best
road to the Cove Hill, and from thence the Old Road,
with amendments, to James Reed's, where the West
End Road comes in."
"A Waggon-Road from James Scott's Saw- Mill to
the Meeting-house, the nearest and best way to the
Road already laid out near the Meeting-House."
These roads were laid out and confirmed by
the court in the following June.
March, 1 790, the people of Fermanagh asked
for a "bridle- road from Suubury road that leads
through Lost Creek Settlement to the tent where
the Rev. William Logan preaches, on the land
of James Boner, over the Cedar Spring Ridge ;•
frona thence to the school-house on the land of
Robert Hayes, and from . thence the most con-
venient and best way to Joseph Poultney's Fer-
ry, on Juniata," the petitioners proposing to
open and keep the road in repair at their own
expense. Road laid out and confirmed at June
sessions, 1791. The tent-where the Rev. Wil-
liam Logan preached is the site of the old Se-
ceder Church, in Walker township, Juniata Co.
At the June sessions, 1790, the inhabitants of
Wayne township asked for " a road branching
off from the road now laid out from Lewisto^vn
to Jack's Narrows, at or near William Smith's,
frOm thence to cross Juniata at Widow Hus-
ton's and join at the county line a road from
Sommerville Mill down the .south side of the
Juniata."
The people of Jack's Creek Valley at the same
sessions asked for " a road leading from Kishaco-
quillas to Northumberland County line, to begin
at or near Semple's Lick, and proceed the
straightest course down Jack's Creek to Lewis-
town."
People of tlie same locality also asked for " a
road from Lewistown to the county line which
divides Northumberland and Mifflin Counties,
at or from George Bell's, in Jack's Vallev ;
thence to George Zeigler's .saw-mill ; thence the
nearest and best way by Christopher Martin's
to Lewistown." The court appointed viewers,
by whom the road was laid out thirty-three
feet wide, and confirmed by the court at the
next sessions.
At the same term the inhabitants of Milford
asked for " a Road from the Run Gap in Tus-
carora Mountain, thence by Thomas Tiirbutt's
tan-yard, the nearest and best way to Joseph
McClelland 's Ferry, on Juniata." Viewers
were appointed, who laid out the road, and
their action was confirmed by the court at the
next sessions. Joseph McClelland's ferry was
at Mifflintown.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
423
Inhabitants ofFermanagh township petitioned
the court at this terra for " a Road to the House
of Publick Worship, and also to Mill, beginning
at Samuel Wiley's plantation, and at the Road
laid out from Juniata River to Sunbiiry, and
to be opened to the Road leading from John
Hamilton's Mill to David Walker's ; the said
Road to be opened and supported at the Ex-
pence of the subscribers, viz. : Samuel Wiley,
John Robison, James Dickey, George Moore,
William Speedy, Jr., Ebenezer Larimer, Wil-
liam Speedy, Sr., Hugh Sharon, Robert Mc-
Dowell and James Sharon."
At the September sessions in that year, 1790,
numerous inhabitants of Mifflin County united
in asking the court for " a Road leading from
William Brown's Mill through the Kishaco-
quillas Valley to the Huntingdon County line."
A petition was presented to the court by the
people of Mil ford at the December terra of
court, 1790, asking for "a Road leading from
John Lyons' to Thomas Real's Forge ; thence to
Thomas Hardy's Mill ; thence to Alexander
Robinson's ; thence to Juniata at Stanford's
Fish-Dam." Viewers were appointed, who
made a report. A review was granted March,
1791, on petition setting forth the great ex-
pense. It was ordered laid out at the June
session, 1791.
Armagh and Union townships united in a
petition to the March term of court, 1791, for
" a Road leading from Lewistown, past Wil-
liam Brown, Esq.'s Mill, to the Huntingdon
County line." Viewers were appointed, who
made a favorable report, whereupon the court,
at the June term of 1791, ordered the road to
be laid out and opened thirty-three feet wide.
The people of Fermanagh township at the
same term asked for " a Bridle-Road leading
from the Waggon-Road to Carlisle, beginning
at the Rev. Mr. Logan's Plantation, the highest
and best way cross to the other Great Road
from Robert Nelson's to Juniata and joining
on James Bonner's Land."
In March, 1791, sundry inhabitants of Fer-
managh township asked the court for " a Wag-
gon-Road from Mr. David Walker's down to
Thomas Jordan's Mill, and from thence, the
nearest and best way, Down to John Smith's
Mill, on Cocalamus Creek." Thomas Jordan's
mill was on the site of the grist-mill of Samuel
O. Evans, in Delaware township, Juniata
County.
At the same term of court the inhabitants of
Derry township asked for " a Road leading
from Lewis Town and across the Gap of the
Bald Ridge leading to John Cever's, and thence
along the North Side of said Bald Ridge to
Andrew McKee's ; from thence to the line of
Wayne township near John McKee's." View-
ers were appointed, on whose report the court, at
the June term, 1791, ordered the road laid out
and opened.
The inhabitants of Union township, at the
June session in 1791, asked for "a Road from
the Stone Valley road, where it ends on the
Standing Stone Mountain in McEUevy's, alias
Meteer's, Gap, to lead down through said Union
township, the nearest and best way to the Kisha-
coquillas great road, at the plantation whereon
Col. Alexander Brown, Dec.'', lately lived, so as
to intersect the said Great road at or near said
place." Viewers were appointed. Their favor-
able report was presented at the April term,
J 792, and then confirmed and the road ordered
laid out and opened.
At the same sessions the inhabitants of Lack
and ^lilford united in asking for " a Road lead-
ing from the Narrows of the Path Valley, the
highest and best way to John Terrier's Mill ;
thence to the end of Daniel O'Keson's Lane,
where it joins the Great Road leading down the
other side of the Valley to Mr. McClelland's
Ferry."
At the same term of court, and from inhab-
itants of the same townships, a petition was pi-e-
sented, asking for " a road leading from the
Tuscarora meeting-house ; from thence to James
Harrell's, and from thence, the nearest and best
way, to Thomas Wilson's, at the Juniata River."
Viewers were appointed, on whose report the
court, at the following term, ordered the road
laid out and opened. Thomas Wilson lived at
Port Royal.
At the September terra in 1791 the court
ordered the laying out and opening of " a road
from Lewistown through the Kishacoquillas
Valley to the Huntingdon Countv line. . . .
424
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Beginning at the middle of the street, and oppo-
site Jeremiah Daily's house," and thence run-
ning, by various courses and distances, " to pir-
kins' Spring," the width of the road to be thirty-
three feet. Also another road " from Samuel
Wiley's plantation, from the road laid out from
Juniata River to Sunbury, to be opened to the
road leading from John Hamilton's mill to Da-
vid Walker's."
A petition " of Divers Inhabitants of Wayne
township," Mifflin County, was presented at the
April .sessions in 1792, praying for "a road be-
ginning at the publick i-oad, at or near the Centre
Meeting-house, in Wayne Township, to join the
Main Road leading to Lewis Town, at the place
[whicli] sliall appear most suitable to the Inhab-
itants, &c." (The Centre Meeting-House was at
that time the log church that stood in the old
Bratton grave-yard.)
At the same term a petition of sundry inhab-
itants of Mifflin County was presented, asking
for " a Road from the Cedar Creek Meeting-
house, to lead across Penn's Valley and Nit-
tany Valley to the Bald Eagle Creek, at or near
Pearsons, as it may be most conducive to tlie
])ublick."
At the August se.ssions, 1792, divers inhab-
itants of Mifflin County presented a petition for
" a Road from Lewis Town to lead to the Road,
or to intersect the great Road, leading from
Northumberland County through Beaver Dam
Township, as may be most conducive to the
])ublick."
At the April sessions, 1793, divers inhabitants
of the east end of Armagh township presented
a petition for " a Road from Mathias Rubel's
unto the laid-out Road that comes alougst James
Reed's."
At the same term sundry inhabitants of
Wayne and Derry townships united in a peti-
tion for " a Road on the south side of Juniata
to the County Town."
At the same term inhabitants of Wayne town-
ship presented a petition, " praying that the
Road laid out from the line of Huntingdon
County to the house of Marshall Standley, on
the south side of the Juniata, and that the same
may be continued, crossing the North side, at
the mouth of John McBea's Run ; from thence
until it may intersect the Road at the aforesaid
Crossing-place on Cuthbertson's Road." (Mai*-
shall Standley (Stanley) resided on and owned
the land where the town of Mattawana stands,
0])posite McVeytown.)
At the same term sundry inhabitants of Lake
and Milford townships presented a petition for
"a Road to begin at or near Anderson's Mill,
in Lack Township, and to run down the valley
to fall into the Road about Robert Muscelley's,
and join the Road that leads from Joseph Mc-
Clelland's, Esq., to the Valley Meeting house."
At the November term in the same year a re-
view was ordered, and at the January term, 1794,
the court ordered the road laid out and opened.
At the same term the court ordered laid out
a road " beginning at a White Walnut Tree
upon the bank of the Kishacoqucllcs Creek, op-
posite the middle of the Main Street " of Lewis-
town, and running thence, by a great number
of courses and distances, to and down the Long
Narrows " to the Bank of Lost Creek."
A number of inhabitants of Milford township
petitioned the court at August term, 1793, for
" a publick Road through part of the said Town-
ship, viz., from Thomas Harris' Mill, down the
Tuscarora Valley, the nearest and best way, un-
til it intersects the Great Road at the east end
of Daniel Okeson's lane." Viewers were ap-
pointed, and on their report the court, at its No-
vember term in the same year, ordered the road
laid out and opened.
At the same sessions the court ordei'ed the
laying out and opening of " a Road from Mr.
James Eakins' (Aitkius'), on Juniata River,
to James Henderson's ; from thence to the
Northumberland Road," at Hamilton's Mill,
about six and three-fourths miles.
At November sessions, 1793, the court, on
report of viewers, ordered laid out a road com-
mencing at the Huntingdon County line, and
running thence, by various courses and distances,
"to the Center of Lewis Town."
At the same sessions the court ordered laid out
and opened " a road from the fording of Juniata,
at Mifflin Town, to intersect the road leading to
Northumberland, by Hugii McAlistor's, at the
side of the Widow Mitciiell's plantation."
At the same court sundry inhabitants of Mil-
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
425
ford township presented a petition for "a Road
from the plantation of James McEllary to tiie
lauding at the mouth of John Wilson's Kun."
In 1794 the following roads were laid out by
order of the court :
At the January session, "A Road from Johu
Kyle's house, in Armagh Township, to the Rev.
James Johnston's." Also, "A Road from John
Cooper's, of Armagh Township, to intersect the
Penn's Valley Road, near the Rev. James
Johnston's Fleeting-House."
At April sessions, " A Road from James
Mays' Mill, to intersect Mr. McKee's road, at
Charles Hardy's, in Derry Township." (James
Mayes resided at Yeagertown.)
August sessions: Upon the return of Wil-
liam Sharon, William Cunningham, John Hen-
derson (coo]ier), Samuel Burge, Hugh JNIeCal-
ister and David Davidson, viewers, — a road in
Fermanagh township, " from John Watson's
Mill, to intersect the road leading to Sunbury,
at John Hamilton's Mill, on Ivost Creek."
(John Watson's mill was later known as the
Cuba Mills.)
On the return of viewers appointed at the
preceding April sessions, "a road from John
Lyons', in said county, through the Town of
Mifflinburgh, to Johu McClelland's old Ferry,
cross the Juniata."
Upon the return of viewers appointed at the
sessions in April, 1794, "a Public Waggon-
Road from the Extremity of the Huntingdon
road, at the county line, above James Mateer's,
to Poe's Mill, on the AVest Branch of Kishaco-
quillas, in Union Township."
Upon the return of viewers appointed at the
preceding April sessions, " a road from the west
end of William Beale's Lane, passing near Hugh
Hart's place, to the Huntingdon line, on a di-
rection to William Goose Horn's."
At November sessions, upon the return of
viewers ajipointed at the April sessions of the
same year, on a petition by inhabitants of the
upper part of Wayne township, " a road from
the south-east corner of John Uncles' Meadow
to the mouth of the lane west of John Culbert-
sou's barn."
At the January term, 1795, on the return of
viewers appointed at the August term, 1794,
reported "a road from William Thompson's to
Abraliam Wells', and from said Thompson's to
Tuscarora Center Meeting-Hou.se."
August, 1795, upon return made by viewers
appointed at the preceding April term, on a
petition of sundry inhabitants of Wayne town-
ship, reported " a road beginning at George
Hanniwalt's, in that township, and running
thence, by various courses, to Samuel Holliday's
mill."
January term, 1796, upon return made by
viewers appointed at the August term of 1795,
on a petition by sundry inhabitants of Milford
township, " a publick road from William Camp-^
bell's Grist-Mill, in Millford Township, to in-
tersect the Great Road alread}- laid out down
Tuscarora Valley, to Joseph McClelland, Es-
quire's Ferry, at John Lyon's Spring-House."
Also, " a road the nearest and best way from the
said William Campbell's Mill to the river Juni-
ata, intersecting the great road leading from
Abraham AA'ells' to Mifflintown, near said Flill, to
strike the river at' or near the half Falls, nearly
opposite 'Squire Taylor's."
On a return by viewers appointed at Novem-
ber sessions, 1795, a public road beginning at
the upper end of the MainStreet of Mifflintown,
" thence along the same south five degrees and
one-fourth of a degree, east one hundred and
eighty perches, through said town and across
Deep Hollow and the Widow Harris' orchard,
till it intersects the old road leading to George
Patterson's Mill," at Mexico.
At April term, 1796, on return by viewers ap-
pointed at January term next preceding, on pe-
tition of sundry inhabitants of Mifflinburg, a
road from Market Street, on the northeast side
of that town, the nearest and best way to inter-
sect the Northtunberland road, on the near side
of Robert Nelson's, in Fermanagh township.
On return by viewei-s appointed on memorial
of inhabitants of Derry township, presented at
January sessions, 1796, a road " beginning at
tlie road already laid out fi'om Lewistown up
thro' Ferguson's Valley to ye Township line
between William and John McKee's ; thence to
run parallel with Brigiitwell's Run, the nearest
and best way, till it intersects the River Juni-
ata, at or near the mouth of said run.''
426
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Upon the return made by reviewers ajjpoint-
cd at the term in January preceding, the court
ordered the laying out and opening of a road
"beginning at Mifflintown, opposite McClelland's
Ferry," and running thence, by a great number
of courses and distances, as described in the rec-
ord, " to the old Northumberland road, and at
Hugh McCallister's Dwelling-House."
At August term, 1796, upon a return made
by reviewers appointed at the April term of
1794, "a road from low-water mark, opposite
Bell's Landing, to where the road is laid out up
the river at the Huntingdon County line."
On a return made by viewers appointed at
the August term, 1795, on the petition of sun-
dry inhabitants of ^\'ayne township, the court
ordered the opening and laying out of " a pub-
lick road from the gi-eat road leading from
Summervillc's Mill to Marshal Standley's, down
by Nathaniel Standley's and Joseph Culter's,
till it intersects the great road at James Staek-
pole's leading to Lewistowu."
At November sessions, 1796, on a return
by reviewers appointed at the January term,
1796, "a road from the great road leading from
Jamas Aitken's to Hamilton's Mill, on Lost
Creek ; beginning at the land possessed by Mi-
chael Moore, thence to Peter Sturgeon's Mill, on
Lost Creek."
James Aitkins resided in the Long Narrows,
and Peter Sturgeon's mill was near Jericho, in
Fermanagh.
On a return by viewers appointed at the pre-
ceding April term, the court ordered the lay-
ing out and opening of a road " from the house
of James Johnson, in Wayne townshij), to John
Culbertson's Mill."
At January session, 1797, on a return by
viewers appointed at the sessions in the j>reced-
ing November, a road " from a leaning pine-
tree on the Cove Hill, in Armagh township,
standing on the south side of jMitchell's road, the
ueai-est and best way to James McFarlane's
Mill."
On a return by viewers appointed at April
sessions, 1797, the court ordered the laying out
and opening of " a road leading out of the great
road leading from ]\Iifflintown to Sunbury, Be-
<rinnino; at the end of the Rev'' Huo-h McGill's
lane, past his house, the nearest and best way, to
George Patterson Esqr's Mill." (Rev. Hugh
McGill resided near the Cedar Spring Meeting-
House, in Walker township, and George Patter-
son's mill was at Mexico.)
At August sessions, 1797, upon a return
made at the January term, 1Y97, by viewers of
" the river road from the borough of Lewistown
to Huntingdon," the court confirmed and or-
dered the laying out and opening of the road
" from the Huntingdon line to John Culbert-
son's mill, in Wayne township, and from James
Stack])ole's, in said township, to Lewistown ;
beginning at the lower end of Jack's Narrows,"
and thence, by a great number of courses and
distances, " to the west end of Water street ;
thence along said street eighteen perches to the
end of Main street; thence along the Main street
seventy-two perches to the ]\Iarket-House iu
Lewistown."
At November sessions, 1797, upon a return
by viewers appointed at the preceding Api'il
sessions, the court ordered the laying out and
opening of " a public road, the nearest and best
way, from the bridge on Kishacoquillas Creek,
opposite Lewistown, through Jack's Valley, to
meet or intersect the great road leading from
Beaver Dam township, in Northumberland Coun-
ty. .. . Beginning at the bridge on the bank of
the aforesaid creek," and thence running, by a
great number of courses and distances, as de-
scribed, to the Northumberland line.
Upon return by viewers appointed at April
sessions, 1797, "a road, beginning at John
Lvttle's Mill," and running thence, by various
courses, to intersect " the road leading from
McClelland's Ferry up the Tuscarora Valley "
On return by viewers appointed at the August
terra preceding, the court ordered the vacation
of a certain part of the Huntingdon road, and
the laving out and opening, in lieu thereof, of a
road beginning at the Huntingdon County line,
and running thence, by numerous described
coui'ses and distances, to a point " on the Kisha-
coquillas great road."
Upon a return by viewers appointed at the
August sessions, a road " beginning at a black
oak near Mr. Potter's mill, in Penn's Valley,"
and rimning thence, by many described courses
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
427
and distances, to "the Meeting-House inKisha-
coquillas Valley, near the Rev'' James John-
ston's."
On a return by viewers appointed at April
sessions, 1796, a road beginning at Joseph
Strode's mill, and thence, as described by course
and distance, to " the great road at Captain Wil-
liam Armstrong's, in Deny township."
On a return by viewers appointed at August
term next preceding, the court ordered the lay-
ing out and opening of a road " beginning at
John Patterson's store," and thence running, by
described courses and distances, " to the moun-
tain road, at or near Hogg's Gap."
At January session, 1798, the court order-
ed the laying out and opening of " a public road
from the north end of the !Main street of Lewis-
town, to intersect the road laid out leading
tlirough Ferguson's Valley." The return was
luade by viewers appointed at the April sessions
in 1797.
At April sessions, 1798, the court ordered
the laying out and opening of a road " beginning
at King's road, near Gilson's mill," in Mil-
ford township, and running thence, by described
courses and distances, "to Gray's road, to inter-
sect between James Gray, deceased, and James
Smith's." Return made by viewers appointed
at the January term, 1798.
At August sessions, 1798, the court order-
ed laid out and opened a road beginning at
William Junkin's mill, and running thence, by
numerous described courses and distances, to in-
tersect " the great road leading from Lewistown
to Huntingdon." (William Junkin's mill was
in Bratton township.)
At November sessions, 1799, upon a return
by viewers appointed at the August sessions,
1799, the court ordered the laying out and
opening of a road in ]Milf()rd township, "be-
ginning at Juniata River, opposite James Ait-
kin's," and running thence, by a number of
courses and distances, as described, to William
McCrum's mill, on Jjicking Creek.
On a return by viewers appointed at August
sessions, 1799, on petition of inhabitants of
Slilford township, the court ordered the laying
out and opening of a road beginning " near Law-
rence King's saw-mill, in the laid out road lead-
ing from Joseph MeClelland's, Esq., to Tus-
carora Mountain ;" thence, by several desc-ribed
courses and distances, " to a post by the main
street of the town of St. Tammany" (old Port
Royal).
On a return made by viewers appointed at
June term preceding, the court ordered a road
laid out and opened, beginning at Nathaniel
Standley's, near the Juniata River; thence across
the river and by several courses to the south
end of Water Street, in Waynesburg ; thence to
the north end of the same street ; thence by two
courses to the Lewistown and Huntingdon road,
" fourteen perches below Holliday's Mill; " this
road being granted "on the petition of Sundry
inhabitants of the County of Mifflin, stating
therein that tliemselves and the upper end of
the county labor under great disadvantages for
want of a road or crossing- place over Juniata
River, there being no convenient crossing-place
for waggons from Lewistown to Jack's Nar-
rows."
At November sessions, 1801, on a return
made by reviewers appointed at the August
sessions in 1801, "on a petition of Sundry in-
habitants of Gi eanwood and Fermanagh town-
ships," praying for a road " from the Simbury
road, near William McCal lister's, by his mer-
chant mill, thence to intersect the public road
leading from Lost Creek to Juniata, at the head
of Jordan's Narrows," the court ordered the
laying out and opening of a road beginning at
the head of Jordan's Narrows, and running
thence, by numerous courses and distances, as
described, to a point of intersection with the
Sunbnry road. (William McAllister's mill was
then in Green^vood township, now in Fayette
and known as Brown's Mill. Jordan's Nar-
rows was the Long Narrows.)
The roads here given are all in Union and
Snyder Counties.
In 1801, Abraham Eyerly and Daniel Rees
laid out a road in Buffalo Valley from Jenkins'
mill to where it joins the road from Mifflinburg
to Lewistown.
At November sessions, 1802, a road was laid
out from Milton, by way of the ferry at Orr's
or John Boal's (Miller's place now ) ; thence
through Boal's and Heckle's laud, crossing Lit-
428
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IX PENNSYLVANIA.
tie Buffalo at William Cliugau's, Buffalo Creek
near Chamberlin's mill; tlieuce to the Derrs-
towu and Mifflinburg road.
In 1803 a road was laid out from Jenkins'
mill to Michael Smith's house, in East Buffalo.
A road was laid out in April, 1805, from the
west line of Andrew Billmyer's, by Mary Har-
ris', to intersect the road from Derrstown to
Japhet Morton's. This is the road from Kep-
hart's to the turnpike, past W. Jj. Harris'.
Hugh Wilson, Daniel Bees and John Brice
were the viewers.
In 1814 the following roads were laid out :
From Mortonsville, by Hugh Wilson's and
Derr's mill, etc., two and one-half miles ; from
Rockey's mill to Reznor's saw-mill, five miles ;
from Reznor's saw-mill to the Brush Valley
and Mifflinburg road, four miles, one hundred
and forty-one perches.
The first of them was vacated in 1830, and
the Turtle Creek road from Mortonsville was
extended to the turnpike.
On the 29th of March, 1824, an act was
passed to lay out a State road from Bellefonte,
by way of Sugar A'^alley, to the river, at the
mouth of White Deer Creek.
On the 10th of April, 1826, a turnpike com-
pany M'as incorporated to make a road from the
bridge at Lewisburgh to Miffliuburg. William
Hayes, Jones Geddes, Jacob Maize, Henry
Roush and Jones Duncan were appointed com-
missioners to receive subscriptions. The course
was surveyed September 11, 1828, and was
eight miles and thirty-four perches in length.
The contract for building it was let January 27,
1829, to John Maclay. It was completed in
December of that year.
In 1828 the Union County Court ordered
a road laid out from Lewisburg to Seliusgrove,
and in May of the next year James F. Linn
surveyed and laid out the road along the river.
The court records of the different counties
make mention of many roads, part of which
are now in use, others that are abandoned, and
many that were not opened, even after order of
court to that effect.
Turnpikes — Stage-Lines. — The first agi-
tation for the construction of a turnpike in
this territory was in 1806. Petitions were-
made to the Legislature, asking for a charter to
construct a turnpike from Harrisburg to Pitts-
burgh along the Juniata River. In accordance
with this petition, an act was passed incorporat-
ing the company, March 4, 1807, with power
to build a road from Harrisburg to Lewistown.
It was later extended. The incorporators who
lived in the limits of this territory were David
Davidson, William Thompson, Dr. Ezra Doty,
-James Knox, John Brown, George McClelland,
John Norris and John Bratton, of Mifflin
County. The west end was built first and
completed about 1818. On May 14, 1821,
books were opened for subscription to build the
east end, which was completed about 1825. The
road from Clarke's Ferry (now Duncaunon) ran
past the old WoodhuU tavern and crossed the
Juniata River at James Powers' ferry (now the
farm of Oliver Rice, in Oliver township), passed
up the east side of the Juniata River, through
Millerstown, Thompsontown, Mexico, Miffliu-
town, the Long Narrows, Lewistown and, later,
McVeytown, Mt. Union and to Huntingdon.
Judge William Brown presented to the
Legislature a petition of the inhabitants of
Mifflin County praying that a company might
be incorporated for the [lurpose of making an
artificial road or turnpike from the court-house
in Lewistown to the house of Alexander Reed,
in Kishocoquillas Valley. The petition was re-
ferred to the Committee on Roads and Inland
Navigation, who reported favorably. An act
to incorporate was passed January 3, 1813.
William P. Maclay, Andrew Keiser, John Alex-
ander, Robert Means, William Brown, Jr.,
James Milliken, John McDowell, Richard Hope
and James Potter were appointed commissioners
to obtain subscriptions. The commissioners ad-
vertised to open books October 11th in that year,
at the house of James Kinsloe, in Lewistown ;
Alexander Reed, in Kishacoquillas Valley ; John
Kerr, in Penn's Valley ; and Evan Miles, in
Bellefonte. The turnpike M'as built and is now
used.
Soon after the turnpike company was incor-
porated a company was organized to run a line
of stages from Harrisburg to Alexandria. The
proprietors were John Walker, John MeCon-
nell, George Galbreath, of Waynesburg (now
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
429
]\IcVeytown), George Mulhollen, John M.
Davison, Thomas Cochran, of Millerstown,
and Robert Clarke, of Clarke's Ferry. The
company was known as the Juniata Stage Com-
pany. The following circular was issued as
the advertisement of this first stage-line in the
territory which forms our subject :
"JujJiATA Mail Stage. — The Subscribers beg
leave to inform the Publick that on the 3d of May
next their Stage will commence running from Harris-
burgh, by the way of Clark's Ferry, Millerstown,
Thompaontown, Mifflintown, Lewistown, Waynes-
burgh and Huntingdon, to Alexandria once a week.
Leaves the house of Mr. Berryhill, in Harrisburgh,
every Tuesday at one o'clock p.m., and arrives at
Alexandria on Friday following. Returning, leaves
Alexandria every Saturday morning and arrives at
Harrisburgh on Tuesday evening.
"As the Company have procured elegant and con-
venient carriages, good horses and careful drivers,
they flatter themselves that the passage of those who
please to favour them with their custom will be
rendered safe, easy and agreeable. Fare for travelers,
six cents a mile, each entitled to fourteen pounds of
Baggage gratis; one hundred and fifty pounds of
Baggage equal to one passenger.
"John Walker.
"John McConnell.
" George Galbeaith.
"George Mitlhollan.
" John M. Davidson.
"Thomas Cochran.
"Robert Clark.
"April 14, 1808.
" N. B. — -Horses and Chairs will be procured at the
different towns for those Passengers who wish to go
off the road or proceed further than Alexandria."
This was the pioneer line of stages, and the
first stage-coach was named the "Experiment"
and began its trips May 3, 1808, as advertised,
leaving Harrisburg every Tuesday at one
o'clock P.M., from the hotel of Mr. Berryhill
at Harrisburg, passing over Clarke's Ferry,
through what is now Wheatfield township to
the tiivern of John Woodhull, now in Oliver
township; then to James Powers' ferry, where it
crossed the river to Joseph Fetterman's ; then
up the Juniata River on the east side, through
Millerstown, Thompsontown, Mexico, Mifflin-
town, through the Long Narrows to Lewis-
town, where the stage-house was kept by Ben-
jamin Patton, "a gentleman of the old school,
with manners matching in grace and stateliness
the sterling worth of his character. The ho.--te.ss
was a mate worthy of her lord." From Lewis-
town it passed up the river to the .«tage-house
of George Gralbraith, at Waynesburg, from
thence on to Alexandria. The turnpike was
not built until many years after, and from
Clarke's Ferry to Lewistown was complctal in
1818, and in 182-5 was finished to Alexandria,
greatly to the relief of the stage-lines. In
1828 the company put on the route a daily
stage, carrying the mail three times a week.
In 1829 a daily mail was put on, commencing
Februaiy 1st. Soon afterwards the line was
divided into two sections, each ending at Hunt-
ingdon. The east division was run by Colder,
Wilson & Co. Other stage and mail-routes
were established to run in connection with this
through route by Leech, Snodgrass and others.
Robert Clarke opened a line westward from
Clarke's Ferry to Landisburg. The Pennsyl-
vania Canal was completed to Lewistown in
1829 and to its termination in 1833. With
this line of communication opened, stage-lines
began to decline and passengers were conveyed
by the canal packets, \vhich were, a few years
later, superseded by the railroads.
Probably the most noted stage route in this
territory, if not in this State, was that opened
in 18-33 by Zachariah Rice. The route estab-
lished by Robert Clarke had long since been
abandoned. No stage-lines were in operation
in Perry County, and all the mails for the in-
terior were carried by post-ridei-s. In that
year he established a daily stage and mail route
from Landisburg, through Loysville, Green
Park and Bloomfield, to Newport, and a tri-
weekly stage to Germantown ; the latter in 18-56
was made a daily line. Soon after this lines
were established by Major Alexander Barnes
from Ickesburg to Newport and from Ickes-
burg to Millerstown, which were purchased in
1863 by Zachariah Rice, who continued in the
management of the various lines until his
death, in 1880. His sons — Samuel, Jesse, Wil-
liam, James, Henry, Zachariah and Joseph —
each became drivers on the various routes, and
succeeded to the business upon the death of
their father. At present the lines from Lan-
disburg and New Germantown to Newport are
430
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
owned and conducted by Zacliariah and Joseph
Rice, the route from Landisbui'g to Carlisle
by Henry Rice and that from Ickesburg to
Newport and Millerstown by Samuel Rice.
Stage routes are run from Patterson west-
ward into Juniata County, from Mifflintown
eastward through McAlisterville and Richfield
to Sslinsgrove, and from railroad connections
in different parts of this territory.
A stage and postal route was established
in the latter part of the last century, which ran
through the valley from Northumberland, and
through Penn's Valley Narrows to Aaronsburg.
This route was established not later than the
early part of 1788. The mail was carried once
a week by carriers on horseback. In 1818 a
mail- stage ran between North nmlieriand and
Bellefonte, on the following schedule : It left
Northumberland every Friday, at five o'clock
A M. Passengers breakfasted at L. B. Stough-
ton's, at Lewisburgh, and arrived at Jacob
Maize's, in Mifflinburg, for dinner; at Henry
Roush's, in the Narrows, at four p.m. and at
W. L. Brown's, at Aaronsburg, at six p.m.
Left Aaronsburg at seven o'clock A.M. the
next morning, stopped at Earlystown for dinner,
and arrived at John Rankin's, at Bellefonte, at
four P.M. The return trip was made from
Bellefonte, starting every Monday morning,
reaching Northumberland the next evening.
Soon after the completion of the turnpike from
Lewisburgh to Mifflinburgh and to the Old
Forts, a daily line of mail stage-coaches was run
from Northumberland to Water Street, on the
Juniata, in what is now Blair County, passing
through Mifflinburg, Hartleton and the Nar-
rows. This line was continued until the con-
struction of the canals, and subsequently the
railroads, along the Juniata and West Branch so
changed the course of travel as to make the run-
ning of coaches unprofitable. In the palmy
days of the stage-coach era the arrival and de-
parture of the stage was an event that brought
together a concourse of people not inferior to
that which now greets the arrival of a railroad
train ; indeed, the old-time tally-ho coach, with
the driver on his high seat, with horses four-in-
hand on a brisk trot, sounding his horn as he
approached his stopping-place, formed a pictur-
esque sight and one not easily blotted out from
memory, and remains as one of the pleasing-
recollections of the past.
The first act incorporating a company to build
a turnpike road from Northumberland througii
Buffalo and Penn's Valleys, and on to
Waterford, in Erie County, was passed Febru-
ary 22, 1812, under the following sonorous title :
" An act to enable the Governor of the Com-
monwealth to incorporate a company for mak-
ing an artificial road by the best and nearest
route from Waterford, in Erie County, througii
Meadville and Franklin, to the river Susquehan-
nah, at or near the mouth of Anderson's Creek,
in Clearfield County ; and also to incorporate a
company for making an artificial road from the
town of Northumberland, in the county of
Northumberland, by the best and nearest route,
to the West Branch of the Su^:;[uehaDna River,
at or near the mouth of Andersou's Creek, pass-
ing through Derrstown, Youngmaustown, Aa-
ronsburg, Bellefonte and Miiesburg.''
The war with England of 1812 interfered
with the commencementof operations, and noth-
ing was done.
In 1814 a supplementary act was passed ex-
tending the time for commencing the work for
three years from February 22, 1815. In 1818
another supjilementary act was passed reviving
the original act and again extending the time
for commencing the work for five years. Tlie
financial depression consequent on the War of
1812 still delayed the enterprise, and on March
29, 1819, anotJier supplementary act was passed.
Section 1 of which provided for the creation of
five companies to make the road from Northum-
berland to the West Branch, at or near the
mouth of Anderson's Creek, as follows, viz. :
No. 1. To make road between Northumberland and
Youngmanstown.
No. 2. To make road between Youngmanstown and
Aaronsburg.
No. 3. To make road between Aaronsburg and
Bellefonte.
No. 4. To make road between Bsllefonte and Phil-
ipsburg.
No. 5. To make road between Philipsburg and
river Snsiiuebanna, at or near the mouth of Anderson's
Creek.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
431
yection 4 authorized the issuing of letters-
patent to No. 2, under certain couditions.
In 1822 another supplementary act was
]iassed, again extending the time for commenc-
ing the work for four \'ears.
In 1823 still another supplementary act was
passed, of which Sectiou 1 consolidates compa-
nies 1, 2 and 3, of the act of 1819, above men-
tioned, under the name, style and title of the
Bellefonte, Aarousburg and Youngmanstown
Turnpike Company.
Section 3 authorizes the issuing of letters-pat-
ent by the Governor when a certain number of
shares have been subscribed to the stock, and
provides " that the said subscribers and those
wlio may hereafter subscribe shall Jiave perpet-
ual succession, and shall have, enjoy and possess
all the powers and privileges and authority, and
be subject to all the duties, qualifications and
restrictions given and granted by the acts to
which this is supplementary."
Section 5 empowers and autliorizes the cora-
])any to commence their section of the road at
Youngmanstown or Bellefonte, or at any point
where they may think proper on the Centre
and Kishacoquillas turnpike, south of Belle-
fonte, and to proceed to lay out and complete
the road from the point so fixed, by the nearest
and best route, to Aaronsburg, and thence to
Youngmanstown.
Section 6 extends the time of commencing
for five years from first Monday of April, 1826.
On September 24, 182.5, the requisite numberof
shares of stock having been subscribed and the
other requirements of theacts of Assembly having
been met, the Governor, John Andrew Shultze,
issued letters-patent incorjiorating the company.
Tlie company was organized with James Dun-
can as president, and let the work to contractors
in four sections, the third of which extended
from Aai-onsburg to Roush's, at the foot of the
Narrows ; the fourth from Roush's to Mifflin-
burg ; whole length, thirty- four miles. The road
extends from Mifflinburg to the Old Fort, where
it connects with the road of another turnpike
company running from Bellefonte to Lewistown.
In pursuance of what was then the policy of the
State in the furthering of public iuiprovements
within her borders, the State subscribed to and
was the owner of a large portion of the stock of
the company, and had the appointme nt of a por-
tion of its managers. In course of time it
became the policy of the State to dispose of its
stock in all corporations of this kind. The
stock was .sold at public sale, and bought by
General Abbott Gi-een, of Lewisburgh. After
the death of General Green the stock changed
owners, and eventually was mainly owned by
John C. Motz, Esq., of Woodward, Centre
County, Pa. For nearly forty years a contest
was going on between the different owners of
the State stock and the other holders of stock
for the control of the affairs of the company,
which moi'etiian once required the interposition
of the courts. But for the last few years peace
has reigned.
A road had been made at a comparatively
early day from Sugar Valley through the
mountains to White Deer township which
passed through the northern and mountainous
portions of Hartley, Lewis, West Butlalo and
White Deer townsliips, which formed the most
direct route of communication between tiie
valleys of White Deer and Bald Eagle. This
road was usually in a very bad condition, owing
to tlie fact that the people in some of the town-
ships through which it passed had to travel a
days journey to get to it, in order to repair it ;
and that it was never used by them, but entirely
by persons outside. This state of things con-
tinued for many years until at last a company
was formed to build a turnpike road through
the Sugar Valley Narrows, under the name of
the Sugar Valley and White Deer Turnpike
Company. This company commenced making
the road at both ends of the Narrows, and be-
coming straitened for funds, in 1851 the
Comj>any received financial aid from the state
and the road was finished. After collecting
toll a few years it was found that the income of
the road would not keep it in repair, and it was
abandoned and thrown back upon the town-
ships through which it passed.
The maintaining of these roads had long-
been felt to be a grievous burden to the tax-puy-
ers of West Buffalo, Lewis and Hartley, but
more especially to the latter two. In response
to their complaints, the I.iegislature of the State,
432
JUXIATA AXD SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
in May, 1871, passed an act requiring the com-
missioners of the county to take charge of these
mountain roads through the Brush Valley and
Sugar Valley Narrows, and keep them in
repair at the expense of the county, so far as
they lay in the county and beyond the settled
portions thereof. For the passage of this the
citizens of the townships named owe a debt of
gratitude to Hon. A. H. Dill, who was at that
time a member of the State Senate, who dared
to do what he thought to be right.
In 1852, or thereabouts, John McCall became
tlifi owner of a large body of land, covered
with a heavy growth of fine white pine timber,
on the head-waters of the Sonth Branch of
White Deer Creek, lying partly in Centre
County and partly in Union County. He built
a saw-mill on said tract and made other im-
provements with a view of engaging in the
manufacture of lumber on a pretty extensive
scale for that day. But he had no road to his
saw-mill, it being situated about three miles
from the Brush Valley Narrows road (the near-
est public road), and a precipitous mountain
intervening. He applied for a view to lay out
a road from his saw-mill down the waters of
White Deer Creek, and thence across to the
neighborhood of what was called Rengler's saw-
mill, where it would intersect an already exist-
ing road. This was a distance of at least eight
miles through an unbroken, howling wilderness,
and his application for a road was contested at
every point by the townships through which it
would have to pass. Views, reviews and re-
reviews were had and exceptions filed to every
report, until at length a compromise was effected
under which, by act of Assembly, commissioners
were appointed to lay out a State road from the
Brush Valley road at a certain point named, by
way of McCall's saw-mill to Schreyer's Gap, in
Clinton County. This road ran about two and
a half miles through Hartley township. Union
County, and about a half-mile in Miles town-
ship. Centre County, before it reached the line
of Clinton County. West Buffalo and Lewis
townships each contributed two hundred dollars
towards the malcing of the road.
To head off all future attempts of a similar
kind ia the way of having public roads made
at public expense, to subserve private or in-
dividual interests, an act of Assembly was
passed which declared that it should not be
lawful for the Court of Quai-ter Sessions of
Union County to grant a view to lay out a new
public road in the townships of Hartley, West
Buffalo or Lewis unless the petition for such
view was signed by at least one-third of the
taxables resident within the township. Mr.
McCall died within a couple of years after the
completion of the road for which he had so
long contended, and his property j)assed into the
hands of Mr. Ario Pardee, of Hazleton, who
changed the- mode of getting the lumber to
market by clearing out White Deer Creek, and
floating the logs by means of splash dams to
the mouth thereof, opposite to which, at Wat-
sontown, he had large saw-mills. The McCall
road has ceased to be of any public or private
use and is no longer kept in repair ; but the
act requiring one-third of the taxables to sign
the petition for a new road in the townships
named is still the law of the land.
There are at present in the county of Union
four hundred and fifty-six miles of roads and
in Snyder six hundred and seventy miles.
River, Creek and Caxal Improvement.?.
— The first act concerning the improvement of
the Susquehanna River and its branches was
passed by the Legislature March 9, 1771, which
declared tlie Susquehanna River a public high-
way to Wright's Ferry, Juniata River to Bed-
ford and Franklin and Penn's Creek twenty
miles along its course from it« mouth. Com-
missioners were appointed to attend to the clear-
ing the rivers and ci-eeks of obstructions, and
with power to receive and collect subscriptions
for the purpose. John Lowden, William Ma-
clay, William Patterson, Reuben Haines and
Thomas Holt, members of the commission, re-
sided in the territory here treated. It is not
known that much was done toward the im-
provement of Penn's Creek under this act.
Sherman's Creek, in Perry County, was de-
clared a public highway by act of Assembly,
February 6, 1773. A Mr. James Patton had
erected a saw-mill dam across Sherman's Creek
near its mouth, thus proving an obstruction to
its passage. On complaint of a number of
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
433
persons living near to the creek that this dam
was a hindrance to navigation, the act mentioned
above was passed. As it explains the manner
of constructing early dams, the bill here given —
"Section I. Provides that the said James Patton,
and ' all and every person or persons claiming under
him, and all and every person or persons whatsoever,
having already erected any mill-dam or other ob-
struction across the said creek, where the same has
been or can be made navigable for rafts, boats or
canoes, shall make open and leave the space of
twenty feet in breadth near the middle of said dam,
at least two feet lower than any other part thereof;
and for eveiy foot that the dam is or shall be raised
perpendicular from the bottom of said creek, there
shall be laid a platform, either of stone or timber, or
both, with proper walls on each side, to confine the
waters, which shall extend at least six feet down
the stream, and of breadth aforesaid, to form a slope
i'or the water's gradual descent, for the easy and safe
passage of boats, rafts and canoes through the same.'
The section further provides a penalty for not con-
structing these dam-shutes within eight months from
date of act — six months' imprisonment or £50 for-
feiture, one-half to the informer and the other half
to the Overseers of the Poor of the township wherein
the offender resides.
"Section II. Provides against the construction
of 'any wear, rack, basket, fishing-dam, pond or
other device or obstruction whatsoever within said
creek,' for taking fish, with the penalty of one month's
imprisonment 'without bail or mainprize,' or £10
fine.
" Section III. Makes it the duty of the constables of
the respective townships adjoining the creek to in-
spect the dams therein and make information against
offenders. This they must do once every month
throughout the year under a penalty of twenty shill-
ings.
"Section IV. Provides against fishing at theshutes
of the dams so constructed, by ' net or seine,' within
twenty perches above or below the same, under a
penalty of £5.
" Section V. Is a proviso that the act shall not be
taken to preclude fishing with a seine or net in other
places in the creek, except at or near the sbutes.
"Section VI. Declares the creek a public highway
so far as the same is navigable for rafts, boats or
canoes.
" Section VII. Provides that James Patten's dam
shall n6t be affected in any way other than is speci-
fied by the act."
In 181 G the Legislature appropriated two
thousand dollars to remove obstructions and
improve the navigation of Sherman's Creek be-
tween Craigheiid's mill-dam and the junction of
28
the creek and Susquehanna River. Francis
Gibson, William Bower, Samuel Anderson,
John Creigh, Robert Adams and others wei'e
appointed commissioners to superintend the
work. The time for attending to these duties
was extended until 1822. The creek was made
navigable for small crafts as far as Gibson's
mill.
A convention was held at Paxtang on the 1 9th
of October, 1780, to take measures for the im-
provement of the Susquehanna River. Charles
Smith, Anthony Selin, William Wil.son, Fred-
erick Antes, Aaron Levy, Andrew Straub and
others were delegates. They resolved to solicit
subscriptions, to be received in money, grain or
produce of any kind, to be paid in at Boyd it
Wilson's store, in Northumberland ; Teutzer (t
Derr's mill, at Derrstown (now Lewisburgh) ;
Selin & Snyder's, in Penn township (now Selins-
grove). Nothing further has been learned of
their success. Three of these men here named
were founders of towns, — Selin of Selinsgrove,
Aaron Levy of Aaronsburg, and Straub of
Straubstown (now Freeburg).
On the 31st of March, 1785, another act was
passed authorizing the appointment of new
commissioners. Section III. declared that
" Whereas the extensive counties which are
watered by the River Susquehanna and the
numerous branches thereof are stocked with
immense quantities of oak, pine and other trees
suitable for staves, heading, scantling, boards,
planks, timbers for ship-building, masts, yards
and bowsprits, from which great profit and
advantages might arise to the owners thereof,
if the same could be conducted in rafts and
otherwise down the said river to the waters of the
Chesapeake, which trees must otherwise perish
on the land whereon they grow." Section IV.
declared the Susquehanna a public highway
within this State upwards to the North-
umberland, and then by each of the two grejit
branches. Four years after this act, and on
September 29, 1789, an act was passed by the
Legislature which authorized the State to ex-
pend twenty-five hundred pounds for the im-
provement of the Susquehanna River above
Wright's Ferry (now Columbia, Lancaster Co. )
Timothy Matlack, John Adlum and Samuel
434
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Maclay were appointed commissioners to survey
and examine the proposed imjjrovements. Sam-
uel Maclay, in his journal, say.s they began the
work April 26, 1790. They examined first
the Swatara, then the West Branch. "The
Society for Promoting the Improvement of
Roads and Inland Navigation," in a memorial to
the Legislature, estimated that two thousand three
hundred and twenty jiounds would be needed
for the improvement of the Juniata River to
Frankstown, giving also amounts in their
opinion necessary for other rivers and creeks.
The Legislature passed an improvement act
April 13, 1791, by which eight thousand three
hundred and twenty pounds was granted for
improvements on the different rivers and creeks
of the State ; of this amount, three hundred
pounds was for use from the mouth of the Juniata
to the West Branch ; two thousand three hundred
and twenty pounds, as suggested by the society
mentioned, for the Juniata River from its mouth
to Frankstown.
A meeting of influential citizens was held
at Harrisburg, August 13, 1795, to remove
the obstructions on the Susquehanna from
Wright's Ferry to the Maryland line. Five
commissioners were appointed to raise money
and apply it for the purpose. Three of the
commissioners were General John Bratton, of
Wayne township, Mifflin County (now Bratton
township) ; Colonel Ephraim Blain, Cumber-
land ; and George Gale, Esq., of INIaryland.
The Legislature of Maryland had authorized a
lottery to raise fifty thousand dollars, to be
appropriated to clearing the river in that State.
Money had been advanced, and the work was
to begin in August, 1796.
In the year 1796, Zachariah Poulson, an
editor and printer in Philadelphia, published a
pamphlet, entitled " A Description of the River
Susquehanna, with observations on the present
state of its trade and navigation, and their
practicable and pi'obable improvements." It
contains an account of the river and the advan-
tages to be derived from its improvement, from
which the following is quoted :
" The West Branch of the Susquehanna is at present
navigable for boats of ten tons about one hundred and
fifty miles from its mouth, to Sunbury. A person who
had been with a boat of that burthen, laden with pro-
visions for the surveyors in the western part of Penn-
sylvania, informed Mr. Cooper, of Manchester, Eng.
(who had been gathering information concerning
America), that he stopped at the Whetstone Quarry,
in the forks of Sunbury, and could have gone fifteen
miles further."
Of'the Juniata River the writer says, —
"It flows through the Allegheny Mountains from
the west, pursues an irregular and winding course into
the Susquehanna through a mountainous, broken, but
cultivable country. It is navigable one hundred and
twenty miles from its mouth, and forms, with the
Susquehanna, the most important of all the commu-
nications between Lake Erie with the western country
and the Atlantic. In the spring of one thousand
seven hundred and ninety-five Mr. Kryder came
down from his mill, near the Standing-Stone on Ju-
niata, in the neighborhood of Huntingdon, and about
eighty -six miles from the Susquehanna, in a flat-bot-
tomed boat, with one hundred and seventy barrels of
fiour. He passed Wright's Ferry in the morning, and
was at Havre de Grace with time enough in the even-
ing of the same day to put his flour on board a shal-
lop, which delivered it at Baltimore the next day at
twelve o'clock."
The trip was made from AVright's Ferry in
twelve hours, and in the month of May, 1796,
a trip was made from the same place in seven
hours. Captain Charles Williamson, in his
" Description of the Genesee Country," written
in the year 1799, also gives the account of Mr.
Kryder, and further says, —
" He built a sort of boat he called an ark ; it was
long and flat and constructed of very large timber,
such as he supposed would suit the purpose of build-
ers. This vessel, or float, carried three hundred bar-
rels of flour. This man had the courage to push
through a navigation then unknown, and arrived
safe at Baltimore, where he received from the mer-
chants a jjremium of one dollar above the market
price for every barrel. Thus encouraged, the same
person has been down every year since, and has made
so considerable improvement on this sort of boat, that
arks are now used which carry five hundred barrels.
As they are never intended to be used except for
descending in high water, they are navigated by three
to five men, and will float down at the rate of eighty
miles per day."
The ark was a large, strongly-built and liigh-
sided flat boat, formerly in almost universal use
on the rivers of Pennsylvania (particularly the
Susquehanna and its tributaries) for the trans-
portation of all kinds of produce down the
streams to market. They were, of course, never
INTEKNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
435
intended to be brought back up the stream, but
were sold for building lumber or other pur-
poses, at the ]ilace where their cargoes were dis-
posed of. In a note to the "Description of the
Susquehanna," 1796, an account of the arks
is also given, —
"The boats which come down the Susquehanna in
the spring are from fifty to seventy feet long, and
about fifteen feet wide, carrying from one to three
hundred barrels of flour, and navigated by four men.
They are built, without any iron or caulking, of two-
inch plank, jointed and pinned in a frame, and draw
from twelve to eighteen inches of water. These
boats, not being intended to return, are sold as plank
and scantling nearly at their original cost. Behind
these smaller boats, from five to eight tons burthen,
may be towed for the purpose of carrying up returns.
Neither these boats nor any other calculated for the
Susijuehanna can navigate the bay any further than
Havre de Grace."
The smaller boats here mentioned were known
as keel-boats, and were brought back up the
rivers, by the use of setting poles. They were
used on return trips for the transportation of
groceries, hardware, iron, gypsum and general
merchandise. The gypsum was used as a fertil-
izer.
The first shipments down the rivers were of
lumber, of which Poulson says: "Large quan-
tities have been brought down the Susquehanna
from the distance of three hundred miles above
its mouth during the freshets of sjiring, and
rafts of boards, masts and all kinds of timber
have been floated from the State of New York
and the head- waters of the Susquehanna, as well
as down the Tioga and Juniata branches for
several hundred miles in their different wind-
ings." In the year 1790 " The Society for the
Improvement of Roads and Inland Navigation "
estimated that " one hundred and fifty thousand
bushels of grain had been brought down the
Susquehanna " that year, . . . and of that
amount " Juniata, (the lands on the banks of
which are but in an infant state of cultivation,)
afforded a considerable portion." The report of
the society also stated that " In the year 1788 large
quantities of wheat and flour were carried up
the river for the use of settlers in Northumber-
land County (which then embraced, west of the
river, all of Union and Snyder Counties and a
considerable region to the northward and west-
ward). In 1790, after the month of March,
thirty thousand bushels of wheat returned down
the stream from the same county."
The rapid settlement of the interior of the
State and the cultivation of the lands demanded
an outlet to market, and every step taken
towards the improvement of inland navigation
was an incentive to agricultural improvement.
In January, 1791, Penn's Creek, in Snyder
and Union Counties, Little Juniata, in Perry
County, Conococheague, Spring Creek and Tus-
carora, in Juniata County, were all declared
public highways.
It will be remembered that Penn's Creek
was declared a highway in 1771, as was Bald
Eagle Creek to Spring Creek, in Centre
County. Concerning the former measure, Mr.
R. V. B. Lincoln says : Among tlie commis-
sioners named in the act for the improvement
of Penn's Creek were John Lowdon, William
Maclay and Reuben Haines. On April 3,
1792, another act was passed making the creek
a public highway up to the mouth of Sinking
Creek (Spring INIills). About the beginning of
the present century the first arks were built
tipon the upj^er part of the course of the creek,
and run down at the time of the spring fr&shets,
freighted with the productions of the country.
The navigation of the stream was difficult and
dangerous, and the arks were frequently
"staved," with serious loss to the owners of
their cargoes. Various attempts were made to
raise money to improve the navigation, with
indifferent success. Under the act of 1771,
which applied to the twenty miles above its
mouth, the commissioners tried to raise money
by private contributions, and as that portion of
the stream was comparatively free from obstruc-
tions, it is reasonable to suppose tiiat they were
in a measure successful.
On March 31, 1807, it was enacted "That
Samuel Templetou, George Long, Robert Bar-
ber, Peter Fisher, James Duncan, Adam Wilt,
Ciiristopher Seebold, Jr., and George Weirich
be and are hereby appointed Commissioners to
raise by way of lottery §4000, to be by them
applied for removing all natural and such arti-
ficial obstructions as are not authorized by law
out of Penn's Creek, in the County of North-
436
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
umberland, from the mouth thereof to Green's
saw-mill (late Marston's)." The act further pi-o-
vided that before the commissiouers proceed to
place tickets on sale, they shall lay the lottery
scheme before the Governor for his approbation,
and shall give bonds for the faithful per-
formance of their duties. Robert Barber was
appointed treasurer, and in October they adver-
tised a scheme of cash prizes amounting to
thirty thousand dollars, but nothing came of it.
The lottery did not take place, but arks still
continued to be run with varied success.
By Section 66 of an act of Assembly passed
March 26, 1821, the sum of two thousand
dollars was appropriated to improve the
navigation of Penn's Creek, in the county of
Union, to be paid on warrants to be drawn by
the Governor on the State treasurer in favor of
Robert Barber, Jr., aud Peter Richter, who
were appointed commissioners to superintend
the judicious expenditure of the same from the
mouth of the creek to the Centre County line.
The act provided that the Court of Quarter
Sessions of Union should appoint viewers to
examine the work and report to the court ; and
upon that report being certified to the Governor,
the warrant for the money should be drawn.
At September sessions, 1824, John Ray and
Elias Youngman reported " that, in pursuance
of the order of the court, they had proceeded to
view and examine the work done by Robei't
Barber, Jr., for improving the navigation of
Penn's Creek from Stees' Mill (more lately
known as Bellas') to the Centre County line, and
that in their opinion the work was done to the
best advantage."
By act of Assembly approved April 10, 1826,
entitled an act appropriating to internal im-
provements certain dejDreciated paper in the
treasury of the commonwealth, it is enacted,
" That the sum of five hundred dollars, with
the interest thereon, of the Centre County Bank,
be and the same is hereby appropriated to the
improvement of Penn's Creek between the
Union County line and Spring Mills, in Penn's
Valley, and the said notes shall be delivered by
the State Treasurer to Jacob Kryder, Michael
Musser and Jacob Henry, of Centre County,
who are hereby appointed commissioners to
superintend the expenditure of the said appro-
priation." This money was not all expended
within the bounds provided by the act. There
was a balance of about two hundred dollars
left in the hands of the commissioners, and on
March 3, 1829, another act was passed, Section
1 directing the commissiouers appointed under
the act of April 10, 1826, to apply the unex-
pended balance of the former appropriation for
the improvement of Penn's Creek within a dis-
tance of six miles from the line between Union
and Centre Counties, in the county of Union.
Section 2 of the same act appropriated an addi-
tional two hundred dollars to be applied to the
improvement of said creek "at a point not
higher up than Spring Mills, in Centre County,
and not lower down than a distance of six
miles below the Centre County line." The work
done in the improvement of the creek consisted
in removing rocks from the bed of the creek
and building wing-dams where the stream was
wide and shallow, so as to confine the water
within narrower limits and thus deepen the
channel.
On February 27, 1822, an act was passed re-
quiring the supervisors of the roads to remove
obstructions from certain navigable streams in
the counties of Huntingdon and Centre, such as
accumulations of driflwood and trees overhang-
ing the streams. On February 12, 1831, the
provisions of this act were extended to Penn's
Creek, in Union County. By joint resolution
No. 14, approved April 14, 1828, the board
of canal commissioners are authorized, if they
deem it expedient, to connect the navigation of
Penn's Creek with the Pennsylvania Canal.
On September 23, 1830, was approved an act to
incorporate the Penn's Creek Navigation Com-
pany. Christopher Seebold, Sr., Robert Bar-
ber, Jr., Abraham D. Hahn, James Duncan,
George AVeirich, Daniel Fitzsimmons, George
Bogar, William Kessler, James Merrill, Henry
Gross, Samuel Wilson, Solomon Kleckner, John
Seebold, Sr., and John Maclaj^ were named as
commissioners to open books and receive sub-
scriptions to build a canal or slack-water navi-
gation, or both, for the passage up and down of
arks, rafts and boats from the lock out of the
Pennsylvania Canal into the said creek to Solo-
INTEKNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
437
mon Kleckner's dam, at New Berlin. The time
for commencing this worit was extended several
times, but no work was ever done.
Boating was carried on extensively along the
Juniata at an early time. Store-houses were
erected, at which grain and other produce from
the interior was stored and from which place it
was shipped. One of the earliest store-houses
of which anything is known was owned and
operated by George McClellan, in 1795, at
Lewistown, near the mouth of the Kishacoquil-
las Creek and on the site of the stone brewery
at the foot of Main Street. This place was,
until the railroad was completed, kept up as a
place of storage. The following is an advertise-
ment from the Juniata Gazette of date Decem-
ber 28, 1819:
"Storage and Boating.
" The Subscriber respectfully informs the farmers,
merchants, millers and stillers that he has rented a
part of the new store-house at the mouth of the Kish-
acoquillas Creek, in the borough of Lewistown,
where he will store produce of every description in
the best manner and on the most moderate terms.
He has provided himself with good Boats, suitable for
st:)ge of water, and from his attention he feels con-
fident that he will be able to carry produce in a man-
ner satisfactory to all concerned. He may always be
found at his house, west end of Water Street.
" Philip Marks."
Samuel Holliday had a store-house at Waynes-
burg (McVeytowii) from which shipments were
made down the river, and Robert Gallagher also
had one at Mifflintown.
The Era of Caxals.— On the 27th of
March, 1824, an act was passed by the Legisla-
ture of the State providing for the appointment
of commissioners for the purpose of promoting
the internal improvement of the State. Three
commissioners were to explore a route for a canal
from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh, by way of the
Juniata and Conemaugh Rivers ; also a route for
a c;mal by the West Branch of the Susquehanna
and Sinnemahoning to connect with the waters
of the Allegheny. Commissioner were appoint-
ed under an act passed 1825, and on February
25, 1826, an act was passed to provide for the
commencement of a c;xnal to connect the eastern
and western waters. The style and name was to be
" The Pennsylvania Canal." This act was re-
pealed and superseded by that of April 11,
1825, which authorized the appointment of five
commissioners, who were to examine routes from
Philadelphia through Chester and Lancaster
Counties, then by the ^^^cst Branch of Susque-
hanna and from the mouth of the Juniata to
Pittsburgh.
Ground was broken for the canal at Harris-
burg July 4, 1826. A canal-office was opened
at Millerstown; James Clarke was chosen super-
intendent of the Juniata Division, and, July
15, 1827, advertised for proposals for building
the line of canal from Lewistown down the
north side of the river a distance of sixteen
miles, to a point near the town of Mexico ; also
for the erection of dams, bridges, aqueducts,
locks, culverts and other works necessary. This
section was to be let on contract August 15th,
proposals to be received to August 29th for the
section from a point near Mexico along the
north side of the Juniata River to the lower end
of North's Island, below ^Millerstown. a distance
of fourteen miles.
Proposals were received until September 12th
for the section from the lower end of North's
Island along the south side of the Juniata
River for about fifteen miles, to a point nearly
opposite Duncan's Island. The time of letting
these contracts was postponed until October 12th,
and then were concluded at the office at Millers-
town. May 13, 1828, proposals were advertised
for the construction of the aqueduct over the
Juniata at Duncan's Island and for the
construction of thirteen houses of wood, stone
or brick for the use of lock tenders.
The Mifflin Eagle of February 23, 1828,
says,—
" The Juniata Canal. — The work on this canal
progresses rapidly ; many sections are now more than
half completed. The sections in the Narrows appear
to get along slower than the rest. This is occasioned
in a great measure by the high water, which has pre-
vented the work from going on. The Juniata has
not been frozen over this season, and ever since the
middle of December it has been in what is termed by
boatmen good ' arking order.' We saw five arks pass
down on Tuesday last. This is the first winter, in
the recollection of our oldest citizens, that the river
has remained clear of ice."
The canal was completed in 1829, and the
438
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
first boat weut up the canal from Harrisburg
August 27, 1829. It was commanded by
Cornelius Baskins, of Upper Clarke's Ferry.
The freight consisted of seven thousand brick
and a quantity of merchandise, the latter con-
signed to John Hippie, then siieriff of Perry
County and residing at New Bloomfield. On
September 22, 1829, the water was let into the
first level of Juniata Canal at Lewistown. On
the afternoon of October 30, 1829, the whole
canal from Lewistown to the aqueduct at Dun-
can's Island, a distance of forty-five miles, was
filled with water. The following communica-
tion (November 5, 1829) to one of the Lewis-
town papers gives an account of the arrival of
the first boat at Lewistown :
"Packet Boat 'Juniata.' — On Thursday last
this Boat, built by Joseph Cummins, Esq., of Mif-
flintown, arrived at this town from Mifflin, having
on board a large Party of Ladies and Gentlemen
from the lower end of the County. The boat was
met at the head of the Narrows by a large party of
Ladies and Gentlemen from Lewistown, accompanied
by the Lewistown Band, who got on board the Packet
and landed here about 2 o'clock p. m. About 4
o'clock the company from Mifflin, after having taken
Dinner, and a number of Ladies and Gentlemen from
Lewistown, embarked on board the Packet, and re-
turned to Mifflin that evening, remained there all
night, and the next day returned to Lewistown, with
a view of conveying the Members of the Legislature,
who had, by a publication in the papers, been invited
to pass through the Canal to the mouth of the River ;
but, in consequence of a letter having been received
by Mr. Clarke from Mr. Craft, of Pittsburgh, one of
the Western members, stating that the members from
the West would be on on Saturday, the Boat was de-
tained until about half after three on that day, when
several Members of the West arrived, viz. : Mr.
Brown, of Allegheny, Mr. McQuaid, of Westmore-
land, Mr. Blair, of Huntingdon, Mr. Galbraith, of
Venango, Mr. Petriken, of Centre, and Mr. Cummin,
of Mifflin, &c., and a number of Citizens of Lewis-
town and strangers, got on board the Boat, which
was drawn by two white horses, when she set off in
fine style, with the 'Star-Spangled Banner' flying at
her head, and amidst the roar of cannon, the shouts
of the populace and the cheering musick of the Band
which was on board."
The canal from Lewistown to Huntingdon
was completed in 1830. Regular packet lines
for passengers and freight were established, and
continued as late as 1850. Kennedy and Porter,
of Lewistown, were proprietors of a line, and
advertised that their packet, " W. C. Porter,'*
would leave the landing below McKee's
tannery, in Lewistown, April 1, 1850, and
solicited passengers and freight. Soon after
this time all travel by packets was suspended,
as the railroad was then in operation along the
Juniata, and the canal was used only for the
transportation of freight. In 1834 the line was
open through from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh,
lia Columbia liailroad, 82 miles ; Eastern Di-
vision of canal from Columbia to Hollidays-
burg (including Juniata Division), 172 miles;
Portage Railroad to Johnstown, 36 miles ;
Western Division of canal from Johnstown to
Pittsburgh, 104 miles.
The cost of this line is here given, —
Eastern Division $1,736,599.42
Juniata Division 3,521,412.21
Western Division 3,0(57,877.38
Total $8,325,889.01
The West Branch Division of the canal was
begun in 1828, and leaves the junction of
Juniata and Susquehanna Rivers at Duncan's
Island, passes along the west bank of Susque-
hanna, through • Perry, Snyder and Union
Counties, to Northumberland Bridge, a dis-
tance of thirty-nine miles ; then across the
river and up the east side of the West Branch,
through Northumberland, Lycoming and Clin-
ton Counties, to the mouth of Taugassatach
Creek. It was completed in 1831. The an-
nouncement of the arrival of the first boat was
made in the 3Ii/tonian May 14, 1831, —
"Arrival of canal boat 'Merchants' Choice' at
Milton, nine days from Philadelphia, with twenty
tons of merchandise for C. Comly and S. Cadwallader,
saving thereby $400 on freight, which had usually
been $1.50 per cwt."
In this division are thirteen locks, — nine in
Perry County and four in Snyder County. Two
are in close proximity near Clarke's Ferry.
The remainder are located, respectively, as
follows : New Buffalo, Girty's Notch, Mont-
gomery's Ferry, Mt. Patrick, below Liverpool,
above Liverpool, Dryson Mill, JNIahantango,
Chapman, Port Treverton and Shamokin Dam.
An improvement act was passed by the
Legislature Marcli 22, 1831, which included
provisions for constructing the " Cross-Cut
INTEKNAL IMPKOVEMENTS.
439
Canal." Upon the receipt of the news at
Lewisburg a public meeting was held, speeches
made and the town was illuminated in the
evening. It was put under coutract at Harris-
burg about May 1, 1831, and was completed in
fifteen months, under the charge of William
Cameron, who was an earnest advocate for the
canal from its inception. Water was let in on
the 26th of October, 1833, and the first boats
passed through December 7tli in that year.
The improvement consisted in the construction
of a dam below the site of the Old Bridge at
Lewisburg and a canal three-quarters of a mile
in length, from the east bank of the West
Branch of the Susquehanna eastward to the
canal at Moutandon. The canal is entirely in
Northumberland County, but was constructed
for the benefit of Lewisburg and Union County.
In the summer following its completion bitum-
inous coal from the western part of the State
was shipped by canal to Lewisburg.
An act was passed April 21, 1858, authorizing
the Governor to sell and deliver to the Suubury
and Erie (now Philadelphia and Eric) Railroad
Company all the public works remaining unsold
in Pennsylvania, viz.: Delaware, Lower Branch,
LTpper and North Branch, ^\'est Branch and
Susquehanna Division of the Pennsylvania
Canal. The said company was bound to keep
up the same, and pay annually to the trustees
of the sinking fund §7,500. The whole con-
sideration was $500,000.
December 19, 1858, Wm. F. Parker, Gov-
ernor of Pennsylvania, sold the West Branch
Division of the State Canal, beginning at the
Taugassatach, in Clinton County ; thence to
Lockport, and through Clinton, Lycoming and
Northumberland Counties to the Xorth Branch
Junction, at Xortliumberland ; thence through
Northumberland, Snyder, Perry and to the Ju-
niata Junction.
Wm. J. INIoorehead, president, and .John Lind-
say, secretary of the Suubury and Erie Raili'oad
Company, and John A. Gamble, president West
Branch and Susquehanna Canal Company, and
Charles A. Mayer, secretary, signed and exe-
cuted the contract.
The company are yet in possession, and are
gradually abandoning the Juniata Division.
ERA OF RAILROADS.
The Pennsylvania Line. — The building
of railroads followed quickly the establishment
of that class of internal improvements of which
De Witt Clinton has been generally and right-
fully regarded as the father. It has already
been shown in this chapter how the canal and
railroad were first used in conjunction, and it
remains only to give outline sketches of the
growth of those works of the latter class which
liave now, in a very large measure, supplanted
the former. Of these, the earliest in any part
of the territory which forms the province of
this history was the Pennsylvania Railroad.
Properly speaking, the history of this great
public improvement is much older than its in-
corporation, for it had its inception under other
organizations and names — notably under that
of the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad —
and it merged many other enterprises to create
its own stupendous strength.
It will be remembered (by the reader wJio
has read the account of the canals hitherto given)
that in 1827 the canal commissioners were
authorized to make an examination for a rail-
road to connect sections of the canal, already
partially connected, and that in 1828 they were
authorized to locate and put inider contract a
railroad from Philadelphia through Lancaster,
to Columbia. This was in reality the beginning
of the Pennsylvania Railroad. In 1832 por-
tions of the Columbia road were finished and
cars were run upon them. In 1834 the entire
line, partly raih'oad and partly canal, was open-
ed from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh. Horse-
cars were for several years run over the Colum-
bia road, but in 1836 locomotives were regular-
ly employed, to the exclusion of hoi-se-power.
Several attempts were made towards the con-
struction of a continuous railroad from the Del-
aware to the Ohio, but they were abortive, and
it was not until 1846 that the project assumed
tangible shape, through the incorporation of the
Pennsylvania Railroad Company. The act was
passed April 13th, and from that date (says a
writer,' from whom we condense the subsequent
' The editor of the Lewistotcn Gazette in the issue of his
paper for December 8, 1880.
4 to
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
history of this railroad) many energetic men,
comprising the leading merchants and capitalists
of Philadelphia, as well as a large number of
citizens along the line, heartily engaged in the
work. The board of directors elected on March
30, 1847, was as follows: Thomas P. Cope,
Samuel V. Merrick, Robert Toland, David S.
Brown, James Magee, Richard D. Wood, Ste-
phen Colwell, Geo. W. Carpenter, Christian E.
Spangler, Thomas T. Lea, William C. Patter-
son, Henry C. Corbit and John A. Wright. S.
\. Merrick was elected jjresident.
Under this board energetic measures were
adopted to save the interests of the road. An
act of the Legislature had been passed some
years previously giving the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad the right of way for a railroad
through Pennsylvania from Cumberland, Md.,
to Pittsburgh. As this would have created a
rival to the Pennsylvania at the start, and jeop-
ardized its prospective prosperity, a clause was
inserted in the act of incorporation of the latter
that if three million dollars stock were sub-
scribed and one million dollars paid in, and
fifteen miles of road at each terminus put under
contract by the 30th July, 1847, the privilege
granted to the Baltimore and Ohio should be
annulled. All these conditions were comjalied
with by unusual stir in locating and securing
the right of way, the second letting having
saved the road by eight days.
The managers determined that instead of
borrowing money to construct the road, the
stock subscriptions should make it, and, as an
inducement to subscribe, si.x per cent, interest
was allowed thereon on the payments. The lo-
cation was commenced in the early part of 1847
under the chief engineer, J. Edgar Thomson,
and the grading of the first eighteen sections
west of Harrisburg (including Rockville bridge)
Avas let on the 1 5th July of that year, and a
week thereafter fifteen miles east from Pitts-
burgh were let. On the 26th November of the
same year forty miles additional of the eastern
end were let at Lewistown. These lettings
were as follows :
LET AT HARRISBURG.
Section 1. — Murray & Duffy.
Section 2, 3. — J. McMahon.
Section 4, 14. — Gambrill & Oliver.
Section 5. — Riley, Kearns & Gaynor.
Section 6,' 8.— Barron & Co.
Section 7. — George Blattenberger.
Section 9. — Lea & Schofield.
Section 10.— Church & Co.
Section 11, 12. — Scluiyler, McReynolds & Co.
Section 13. — Drums & Anderson.
Section 15. — Gavit & Garver.
Section 16. — Gilson & Co.
Section 17.— Miller, Moore & Elliott.
Section 18. — Jackson McFadden.
LET AT PITTSBURGH.
Sections 1, 4, 9, 10. — Joseph Hunt.
Sections 2, 11, 13. — J. Rebrarand J. & J. A. Irwin.
Section 3. — Collins, Reeside & Co.
Section 5. — Collins, McFarland & Stewart.
Section 6. — Lutz & Wallace.
Sections 7, 8. — Nestar & Co.
Section 12. — Rehrar, Black, Irvin & Co.
Section 14. — Sterritt, Humbird & Co.
Section 15. — C. Cherry.
LET AT LEWISTOWN.
Timber. — The contract for one million feet of hem-
lock sills was allotted to S. Hopper and J. Hamilton,
of Lewistown.
Grading and Masonry.
Section 22.— Nagle & Lee.
Section 23. — Joseph Bailey.
Section 24.— D. Custer & Co.
Section 25.— D. Custer & Co.
Section 26.— Rody Magee.
Section 27.— P. Donnelly.
Section 28.— W. Buffington.
Section 29.— W. Buffington.
Section 30. — James Mead.
Section 31. — Thomas O'Brien.
Section 32. — McConaughy & Fitzpatrick.
Section 33. — Easton, Adams & Co.
Section 34. — J. Nestor.
Section 35.— Waltman & Mills.
Section 36. — J. Lafferty & Co.
Section 37. — Means, O'Harra & Co.
Section 38 — Wm. G. Thompson.
Section 39.— McAllister & Co.
Section 40. — Dolau & Schott.
Section 41. — William Mead. '
Section 42. — Lafferty & Irvine.
Section 43. — Lafferty & Irvine.
Section 44. — Michael Quinlan.
Section 45. — Shoemaker & Passmore.
Section 46. — Shoemaker & Passmore.
Section 47. — J. & D. A. Dougherty.
Section 48.— J. & D. A. Dougherty.
Section 49.— A. & P. Martin.
' This section comprised the bridge.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
441
Section 50.—
Section 51.—
Section 52.—
Section 53.—
Section 54:.-
Section •'io.—
Section 51).—
Section 57.—
Section 58.—
Section 59.—
Section 60.—
Section 84.'-
Section 85.'-
■ Wells, McReynoIds & Co.
•P. & P. Collins.
Edward Kearns.
■John Gaynor.
■Casper Dull.
•Crisswell & Oliver.
■E. & J. McGovern.
•D. & H. Salisbury.
•William Clark & Son.
■Ralph Bugle.
•Galbraith, Walters & Co.
-John McCord.
—John McCord.
From this time on thousauds of men were
iiard at woi'k between Lewistown and Harris-
burg, and also at the most difficult points
above, comprising Granville, Mayes' and
Munayunk bridges with heavy embankments,
the formidable rock cuts at Newton Hamilton,
and the Spruce Street tunnel. For nearly two
years but little, except busy engineers, supervis-
ing contractors, picks, axes, shovels and carts,
with now and then the boom of a heavy blast,
was seen or heard, but the road was steadily creep-
iiig westward from Harrisburg, and every few
months the note was made that the rail.% were
down to Duncannon, to Newport, to Millers-
town ; that some bog in Juniata County which
had bothered the engineers was at last firm
enough for the superstructure, etc.
In May, 1848, another letting was held, at
which the following were the successful bidders.
The omitted sections were either bridges or
some other heavy work, or had been allotted :
Section 62. — Evans, Long & Co.
Section 64. — Geiger & Shultz.
Section 65. — Ralph Bogle.
Section 68.— D, Lutz & Co.
69. — Jackson McFadden.
70.— W. & J. Ross.
71.— J. & H. Drum.
72.— D. Lutz & Co.
73.— D. Lutz & Co.
74. — John Long & Co.
75.— John Long & Co.
76. — Daniel Keefe.
77.— Houston & McMahon.
78. — Houston & McMahon.
79.— Garrett & Garver.
80.— J. Kelly & Co.
81.— J. Kelly & Co.
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
' Sections 84 and 8-5 comprised a deep cut and embank-
ment at Newton Hamilton.
Section 82. — Michael Quinlan.
Section 85. — D. Lutz & Co.
Section 86.— Miller & Elliott.
Section 87. — Thomas Dolan.
Section 88.— Mclldufr& Dougherty.
Section 89.— A. & P. Martin.
Section 90. — Salsbury & Bro.
Section 91. — Saxton & Anderson.
Section 92.— Becker & Gros.
Section 93.^ — George Scott.
Section 94. — Charles Murray & Co.
Section 95. — Charles Murray & Co.
Section 96. — James McMahon & Co.
Section 97.— White, Wolf & Co.
Section 98.— E. & J. McGovern.
Section 99. — McMurtrie & Fisher.
Section 113.— Carr & Thurlow.
Section 114. — George Liebrick & Co.
Section 115.^John McGran & Co.
Section 116.— McCue & Gillespie.
Section 117.— W. P. Sterrett & Co.
Section 121.— E. Sankey & Co.
The several lettings given above surmounted
all or nearly all the heavy and most important
work east of the mountain, most of the remain-
der being light grading, side cuts, small
bridges, etc.
The first train that arrived at Lewistown was
a lumber train, August 23, 1849. On the 30th
II large party of railroad men and others came
up to Lewistown from Harrisburg.
On the 1st of September the trains commenced
running regularly, l)ut no advertising was done
until November 3d, when the following ap-
peared in the Gazette :
" Freight trains now run twice a week between
Lewistown and Philadelphia, as follows, viz. : Leav-
ing Lewistown on Wednesdays and Saturdays, and
Philadelphia on Mondays and Thursdays, at the fol-
lowing rates of freight, which include commission on
storage: [From Lewistown to Philadelphia for 1st
class, 25; 2d, 30; 3d, 37i ; 4th, 45 cts. per 100 pounds.]
" Way freight per mile is 2-V mills for first and
second, and 3 mills for third and fourth.
"This notice was signed by Samuel Milliken, Jr.,
agent, Lewistown, and Craig & Bellas, agents, Phila-
delphia."
No mention was made of passenger trains
until December 22d of that year, when the fol-
lowing was published :
"ON and after MONDAY, 24th December,
FREIGHT TRAINS will uun three times a week
between Lewistown and Philadelphia, as follows: —
Leaving Lewistown eastward, on Mondays, Wednes-
days and Fridays, at 7 o'clock A. M., and arriving
442
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
from Philadelphia on Tuadays, Thursdays and Satur-
days, at 5.10 P. M.
" 8®" All freight going east MUST BE DELIV-
ERED BY THREE O'CLOCK P. M. on the day
previous.
"PASSENGER TRAINS east will leave at 15
minutes to 10 A. M., daily.
"SAM. MILLIKEN, Jr., Ag't.
" Lewistown, Dec. 22, 1849— tf."
To this was . subsequently added, " Fare to
Harrisburg $2.10; to Philadelphia, $5.50."
The fare was afterwards reduced to three cents
per mile.
During 1850 the railroad steadily progressed
westward, having been completed to McVey-
town in the winter, where, by the by, an inci-
dent which occurred on the 9th of February
shows how little was then thought of a locomo-
tive. An omnibus, with several passengers in
it, was driven right on the track, and when the
train came along it could not be stopped in
time and the 'bus and some of the inmates
rather got tlie worst of it, though not badly.
On the 5th of April the Gazette contained the
following advertisement :
"On and after MONDAY, April 1, 1850, PASSEN-
GER TjRAINS leave daily for the East at 3 o'clock
47 m. and 10 o'clock 16 m., A. M., and Wednesday at
12 o'clock 20 m. and 5 o'clock 45 m., P. M.
" FREIGHT TRAINS Aa.\\y (except Sunday).
" *^j.* Freight in all cases payable on delivery of
goods at the warehouse.
" SAM. MILLIKEN, Jr., Ag't.
" Lewistown, April 5, 1850 — tf "
On the fourteenth of June the Gazette local
notices had the annexed in relation to the rail-
road,—
" S®'The passenger trains ran through to Hunting-
den on Friday evening last, where, for some time,
they will connect with the packet boatand stage lines
—making the trip from Philadelphia to Pittsburg by
railroad and boats in 53 hours, and by railroad and
stages \n forty hours,"
The principal event connected with the regu-
lar opening of the road took place on the 18th
of October, 1850. On that day a large party
arrived in Lewistown from Philadelphia, and
remained over-night at the various hotels,
"where they were sumptuously entertained."
The party comprised the president and directors
of the railroad company, the municipal author-
ities and members of the Legislature from the
city and county of Philadelphia, Morton
McMichael, Esq., of the North Amerioan; A.
Boyd Hamilton, Esq., of the Messenger and
Gleaner ; George Lippard, of the Quaker City;
Major Freas, of the Germantown Telegraph;
Henry S. Evans, Esq., of the West Chester
Record; C. McCurdy, Esq., of the Harrisburg
Intelligencer, and others of the corps editorial.
Hon. James Buchanan, Hon. William M. Mere-
ditli, Hon. Joseph R. Ingersoll, Brigadiei--Gen-
eral Riley, ]\Iajor-Geueral Patterson, Adjutant-
General Irwin, A. L. Russell, Esq., Secretary
of State, Judge Kelley, S. W. Roberts, Eisq.,
chief engineer of the Ohio and Pennsylvania
Railroad, ex-Governor Porter, ^\'illiam D.
Lewis, collector, J. P. White, postmaster, P.
C. EUmaker, naval officer, etc., and Beck's
Philadelphia Brass Band. On the following
day, which was Friday, the party went west-
ward to the foot of the Alleghenies, and, re-
turning to Lewistown in the afternoon, partook
of a substantial dinner at the depot. The Ga-
zette, in its issue of October 25, 1850, says, —
" Grace having been pronounced by Rev. Dr. Sud-
dards, the clatter of knives and forks, interspersed
with the sharp cracks of the sparkling champagne,
showed that a general onslaught was being made on
the friendly fare before us, and great was the slaugh-
ter thereof. These preliminaries having been con-
cluded, Colonel ^V. C. Patterson, afterwards president
of the company, arose and opened the proceedings by
an admirable speech in relation to the great work
entrusted to their construction and management by
the stockholders. He concluded by proposing as a
sentiment, — ' Pennsylvania, rich in everything but a
knowledge of her own strength.' Mr. Buchanan, yield-
ing to repeated calls, responded to this sentiment in
a most efl'ective and eloquent speech, which was
listened to with the deepest interest. He was followed
by Messrs. Meredith, Roberts, J. R. Ingersoll, Generals
Riley and Patterson, Morton McMichael, Esq., and
Judge Kelly, after which the party again took their
seats in the cars and returned to Harrisburg and
thence to Philadelphia."
The celebration took place in the Junction
building, now occupied as a ticket-office, wait-
ing-rooms, telegraph-office, and by the superin-
tendent of Lewistown Division. It had been
erected as a freight depot, and was then all in
one room. The supper was provided by the
railroad company, and was a sumptuous affair,
with champagne and other choice liquors as
plenty as water, if not a little more so ; but, not-
withstanding the dense crowd, everything passed
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
443
off pleasantly, although it was with difficulty or-
der enough coukl be preserved to hear the dis-
tinguished speakers. Everybody seemed to be
happy, and felt as if a great work had been ac-
complished.
From that time the road was rapidly pushed
east from Pittsburgh and west from Johns-
town, and on the 10th of December, 1852, the
This railroad is now recognized as one of the
best managed corporations in the world.
WiLi>iAM M. Phillips, superintendent of
the Lewistown Division of the Pennsylvania
Railroad, is a descendant of Welsh ancestry.
His grandfather, William Phillips, whose an-
cestors were large land-owners in England and
Wales, emigrated to America early in life, and
cars ran to Pittsburgh via the Portage, with its
ten inclined planes. On the loth of February,
1854, the Mountain Division, the Horse-Shoe
Bend and C4allitzin tunnel, (about three-fourths
of a mile in length) were completed. The
Pennsylvania Railroad, thus finished, formed
a connecting link between Philadelphia and
Pittsburgh, and was afterwards arranged into
divisions, each of which has a superintendent.
soon after married a Quakeress bv the name of
Clifford, whose ancestors came to America at
the time of the Penns. She was blind during
forty-five years of her life ; yet, notwithstand-
ing this misfortune, she was lively in spirit and
greatly enjoyed society life. Several children
were boru to her after she became blind. Jolin
S. Phillips, the eldest son, in association with
Levering, invented the process of refining white
444
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
sugar. He built the Anuex to the Academy of
Fine Arts in Philadelphia and bequeathed the
most valuable set of engravings in this couutry
to that Institution.
Clifford S. Phillip,?, son of William Phillips
and father of the subject of this biography, was
married to Eliza C. Morgan. Her ancestors
came to America during the seventeenth century.
The first representative of the Morgan family
in this country was an English colonel of reg-
ulars. General Morgan, of Revolutionary
fame at the battle of Cowpens, was a member
of the branch from which the present family of
Morgans is directly descended. Thomas A.
Morgan, the father of Mrs. Phillips, owned a
large sugar j^lantiition along the Mississippi
Eiver, fifteen miles south of New Orleans. Clif-
ford S. Phillips was accidentally shot while gun-
ning and died December 3, 1868. His widow
survives him. Their son, William M. Phillips,
was born in Philadelphia, April 19, 1847 ; ac-
quired a preliminary education in private
schools ; at the age of fourteen entered the
Polytechnic College of his native city and re-
ceived his diploma as mechanical engineer in
1866. Then he became an apprentice in car-
works at Harrisburg, and completed his term
of apprenticeship in the iron works of I. P.
Morris & Co., at Port Richmond and was
draughtsman for the company.
In 1869 he became superintendent of a sugar
plantation at AVashington, La., and contin-
ued in that business until 1871, when he ac-
■cepted the position of rodman with the Newjiort
and Cincinnati Bridge Company, located in the
last-named city. He was soon promoted to the
place of assistant engineer, being indirectly em-
ployed by the Pennsylvania Railroad Com-
pany. Being called to Pennsylvania, he was
sent to locate the Williamsburg Branch Rail-
road, and next was ordered to assume the
•direction of the superstructure and bridge-
building of the Bennett's Branch Railroad,
and served as superintendent until July, 1875,
when he M'as appointed assistant supervisor of
the Pittsburgh Division of the Pennsylvania
Railroad. In January, 1876, he was trans-
ferred to Philadelphia to make changes in the
United States Navy Yard, with a view of pre-
paring for the reception of goods for the Cen-
tennial sent by the French government. In
May, of the same year, was ordered to Union-
town to direct the building of the Southwest
Pennsylvania Railroad, and was next assistant
engineer of the Pittsburgh Division of the
Pennsylvania Railroad. In 1877 was trans-
ferred as assistant engineer Middle Division.
In 1880, Mr. Phillips was appointed assistant
engineer of the Philadelphia Division, and on
July 1, 1881, was elevated to the position which
he now holds. The college from which
he graduated conferred upon him the title of
Civil Engineer. Mr. Phillips originated and
carried into execution the plan of the first gene-
ral encampment of the National Guards of
Pennsylvania at Lewistown, in 1882 ; and as a
special compliment he was appointed to the
position of aid-de-camp, with the rank of major,
on the staff of General Hartranft. In politics
he is a Republican.
Mr. Phillips was married, June 5, 1873, to
Miss Rebecca C, daughter of Joseph S. Lewis,
a merchant of Philadelphia, whose ancestors
came from England with the early Quaker
settlers to Pennsylvania. On the maternal side of
Mrs. Phillips she is descended, generations back,
from the Thompsons, a family of considerable
estate and influence, who were also among the
first Quaker settlers of the Keystone State. Her
mother's maiden name was Martha Lewis,
daughter of Samuel Lewis, the founder of the
white-lead works owned at present by John
T. Lewis & Bros., of Philadelphia. Joseph
Lewis, her father, was the original partner of
William Shaw (now a director of the Pennsyl-
v.uiia Railroad and vice-president of the Penn-
sylvania Company) in the transportation business
in the first days of railroads in America. His
wife died in 1877, and he yet survives her. The
children of Mr. William M. and Rebecca C.
Phillips are Clifibrd S., born March 11, 1874;
Martha L., born February 14, 1876; and Jo-
seph L., born March 31, 1879. Mr. Phillips
and family are connected with the Protestant
Episcopal Church.
SuNBURY AND Lewistown Railroad. — This
road was incorporated as the Middle Creek
Railroad March 23, 1865, with the "right to
INTBKNAL IMPKOVEMENTS.
445
construct a road from a point on the Mifflin &
Centre Eailroad, at or near Freedom Forge, or
on the Pennsylvania Railroad at or near Lewis-
town, in the county of Mifflin, to run east-
ward at or alonw the Beaver Furnace, and at
or through Selinsgrove, terminating at some
point on the east bank of the Susquehanna Riv-
er at or between Port Treverton and Northum-
berland, and connect with any railroad at or
between these points. The road was to be begun
within three years and completed within ten
years. By act of Assembly February 17, 1870,
the name was changed to Sunbury and Lewis-
town Railroad Company, and authority grant-
ed to connect not only above Selinsgrove, but
also to terminate at Port Treverton. The road
was built through jMifflin and Snyder Counties
and around the Susquehanna River at the Isle
of Que, and connected with the track of the
Philadelphia and Erie Railroad at what is now
called Selinsgrove Junction. It was in opera-
tion in 1868, and is now connected at the east-
ern termination with the Philadelphia and Erie,
and at the western at Lewistown with the Penn-
sylvania road, of which latter it is now a
branch.
Selinsgrove and North Branch Rail-
road.— An effort was made in 1838 to bring
about the construction of a railroad from jSIif-
flintown to Sunbury, and on the 15th of De-
cember in that year a meeting was held at the
house of John F. Saeger (Juniata Hotel), in
Mifflintown, to consider the expediency of
memorializing Legislature to incorporate a com-
pany for the construction of a road-bed from
the Juniata River, at or near Mifflintown, to
Sunbury, in Northumberland County. The
Hon. Daniel Christy was chairman, and An-
drew Parker wa.s secretary. Resolutions were
drawn and a committee appointed to procure
signers. No further information is obtained
concerning this movement except that it did
reach a passage by Legislature.
On the 3d of May, 1871, an act was passed
by the Legislature authorizing the incorporation
of the Selinsgrove and North Branch Railroad
Company, with power to construct a railroad
from Selinsgrove to Sunbury or Northumber-
land, and to Port Treverton or other ptiints of
connection which would be advantageous. The
commissioners authorized to open books for
subscriptions met on June 21, 1871, and attend-
ed to their duties. On the 8tli of August, 1871,
an election of officers took place and Colonel A.
C. Simpson was elected president of the board
of directors. At this meeting the board ordered
a corps of engineers to survey a route from Se-
linsgrove to Northumberland, intersecting with
the Lackawanna and Bloomsburg road, and from
Selinsgrove to Port Treverton, through Liver-
pool, in Perry County, and thence down the
Susquehanna River and across the Juniata Riv-
er and intersecting with the Pennsylvania Rail-
road. In 1872 a committee was authorized to
negotiate a loan of one million dollars to enable
the company to construct and equip the road.
The project of building the road by the route
mentioned above was abandoned in 1873, and
in October of that year a survey was ordered
made from Selinsgrove, through Freeburg, Fre-
mont, Richfield, Avondale, Cocolamus, McAlis-
terville and Oakland IMills, to Mifflintown, a
distance of thirty-five miles.
A public meeting was held at ^Mifflintown
December 3, 1873, at which William A. Meeker,
the president of the road, made a long address,
touching upon all the reasons why the road
should be built, and also stating that he had
assurance from the Reading Railroad Company
that if a line was graded and ballasted, they
would lay track and equip the road. This ad-
dress gave the people hojie that a road might be
obtained. Another meeting was held Decem-
ber 17th, and Mr. Meeker again addressed them,
and asked of them thirty thousand dollars. This
amount was raised in a few days, Mifflin Couu-
ty subscribing ten thousand dollars, of which
Patterson raised three thousand dollars, Fer-
managh township seven, thousand dollars, and
the eastern part of the county the balance. The
survey was at once begun, and on March 12,
1 874, the company awarded the contract for
grading the entire line and building the masonry
to Colonel J. W. Gaugler, of Selinsgrove, for
one hundred and thirty-five thousand dollai-s.
In the last week of June the terminus was
located at INIifflintown. The grading was let to
J. ^^^ Gaugler, of Selinsgrove, who sub-let it in
446
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
sections, and by the fall of 1874 the grading
and most of the masonry was completed, at a
cost of one hundred and sixty-eight thousand
dollars. Money gave out, however, and there
seeming to be no movement on the part of the
Reading Company to take any action towards
pushing the work to completion, the people
became disheartened and it was abandoned.
On the 5th of December, 1884, the property
was seized by the sheritf of Snyder County and
sold to Colonel James W. Gaugler, of Selinsgrove.
A reorganization was eifected January 20, 1885,
imder the name of the Middle Pennsylvania
Railroad Company, and with the Hon. A. H.
Dill, president, and the Hon. S. P. Wolverton,
William H. Dill, J. W. Gaugler, E. B. Mc-
Crura, Miles Wetzel and Erwin M. Bealo, di-
rectors.
The road has its eastern terminus at the
west bank of the Susquehanna River, oppo-
site Suubury, where connection is made with the
Sharaokin, Sunbury and Lewisburgh Railroad,
operated by the Philadelphia and Reading Rail-
road, thus giving direct aud close connection
with the anthracite coal-fields and with the
cities of Philadelphia and New York. It is
proposed by the company to continue the line
southeast through Tuscarora Valley, in Juniata
County, and Path Valley, in Franklin County,
forty-five miles, to a connection with the Har-
risburg and Western Railroad.
The Susquehanna Railroad Company
(now Northern Central) was incorporated April
14, 1851, with authority to construct a railroad
connecting with the York and Cumberland or
the Pennsylvania Railroad, on either side of the
Susquehanna River or on the Juniata, with the
right to run to Sunbury. A supplement was
granted, permitting the road to be continued to
Williamsport. A railroad convention was held
at Baltimore March 13, 1852, which was at-
tended largely by delegates from Union
County, then embracing Snyder. Public sym-
pathy was aroused, and the commissioners of
Union County subscribed two hundred thou-
sand dollars in aid of the Susquehanna Rail-
road, provided the road was built on the west
side of the river. Much opposition was made
to this action of the commissioners. The road
was surveyed, graded and built to Sunbury,
and survey made and grading partially done
from opposite Sunbury to Jjewisburgh, on the
west side of the river. The Susquehanna Com-
pany aud the Sunburj' and Erie Company be-
came involved in a lawsuit, and, as a result,
the road on the west side was abandoned. A
proposition was made to Union County by the
Sunbury and Erie Company to subscribe two
hundred thousand dollars, with the understand-
ing that the road should be continued through
Union County. This the county refused to do,
and the agitation concerning it was one of the
causes that operated to luring about the division
of Union County in 1855.
The Lewisburgh and Tyrone Railroad.
— Nearly forty years of talk on the subject of a
railroad through tiie Buffalo Valley and on west-
ward were passed before anything substantial
was accomplished.
In the mean time railroads had been built
across the entire continent and in almost all
conceivable directions, until it I'eally seemed
that the denizens of Buffalo Valley would
never awake from their Rip Van Winkle sleep.
As early as June 1, 1836, an act was passed
incorporating the Lewisburgh, Penn's Valley
and HoUidaysburg Railroad Company, and in
the same year a survey of a route through the
Penn's Valley Narrows and of another along
Penn's Creek to the same point in Penn's Val-
ley, was made by Mr. Charles De Haas, but
nothing more was done in the matter.
In 1853 the Lewisburgh, Centre and Spruce
Creek Railroad Company was incorporated,
and a partial survey made by Thomas A. Em-
mett. In 1856 a very careful and elaborate
survey was made by Major Shunk, which was
publishsd in pamphlet form, but no other work
done. At length, in 1869, after many supple-
mentary acts had been passed extending the
time for commencing aud completing the work
and changing the terminus from Sjjruee Creek
to Tyrone, or leaving it optional with the com-
pany which one to select, the road was opened
to Lewisburgh on Friday, July 23, 1869. It
was extended to Mifflinburg in 1871, and, after
resting there a few years, in 1875 it was ex-
tended to Laurelton and completed as far as
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
447
Spring Mills, iu Centre County, in July, 1877,
and during the jji'esent year (1885) it has been
finished to Leniont, where it connects with a
railroad to Bellefbnte, and thence, by the Lock
Haven and Tyrone Railroad, with Tyrone. In
1880 the corporate name of the company was
changed to Lewisburgh and Tyrone Railroad. A
section of the road from Tyrone to Pennsyl-
vania Furnace, a distance of about seventeen
miles, has also been in operation since the fall
of 1880.
The continuation of this railroad has entirely
changed the course of travel and business.
Formerly the turnpike road through the
Penn's Valley Narrows was thronged with
teams conveying the products of the rich lime-
stone valleys of Centre County to Lewisburgh.
The wagons were strong and heavy, with a
large bed usually painted blue, with a canvas
covering stretched over bows and drawn by
four or six horses, which, in size and sleekness,
rivaled the far-famed Conestoga teams.
The Mifflin and Centre Coi^nty Rail-
BOAD Company was incorporated April 2,
1860, with an authorized capital of two hun-
dred and fifty thousand dollars, and having
authority to construct a road from a point at
<iv near Lewistown, Mifflin County, by the
nearest practicable route, to a point at or near
Milesburg, Centre County, with right to use
any five miles of the road when completed,
and to equip the road with engines and rolling-
stock. On March 7, 1861, the Pennsylvania
Railroad was authorized to assist railroads
auxiliary to their own to the amount of
eight hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and
aid was furnished for the construction of the
road. It was begun in 1864, at Lewistown,
and constructed to Milroy, where it terminates,
and after a few years it jjassed to the manage-
ment of the Pennsylvania Railroad Companv
and became one of its branches.
The Shamokin, Sunrfry anp Lewis-
BFRGH Railroad, extending from Shamokin
to West Milton, a distance of thirty -two miles,
is operated under a lease for a long term to the
Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company.
It extends along the west side of the West
Branch, along Blue Hill, through Monroe town-
ship, in Snyder County, and through East Buf-
falo township and the borough of Lewisburgh
and Kelly township, in Union County at West
Milton. At this point it coiniects with the
Catawissa branch of thePhiladelphia and Read-
ing Railroad, which passes through White Deer
and Gregg townships, and on to Williamsport.
The first train from Williamsport, via I^ewis-
burgh, Sunbury and Shamokin to Philadelphia,
passed over the road in July, 1883.
Projected Railroads. — Several eiforts
have been made to construct a railroad through
Sherman's Valley, but without success. The
account of the incorporation of these com-
panies is here given. On the 5th of May,
1854, an act of Legislature was passed incor-
porating the Duncannon, Landisburg and Broad
Top Railroad, authorizing a capital stock of
eight hundred thousand dollars, and with
power to construct a railroad from a point at or
near Duncannon, iu Perry County, to a point on
Broad Top Mountain, in Bedford Countv, pass-
ing through Sherman's Valley by way of Sher-
mansdale, Landisburg and Bixler's ]Mills, in
Perry County, and Waterford, in Juniata County.
In 1855 the name of the company was changed
to the Sherman's Valley and Broad Top Rail-
road Company, with power to change the eastern
terminus to the mouth of Fishing Creek and
to pass in their route Burnt Cabins, in Fulton
County. The road was not begun within the
time specified, and on the 18th of February,
1868, the time for building was extended five
years from March 31, 186 J).
On the 17th of April, 1866, the Duncannon,
Bloomfield and Broad Top Railroad Company
was incorporated, with an authorized capital of
oue million dollars and with power to construct
a railroad from a point at the Penusvlvania Rail-
road at or near Duncannon, in Perry County,
to a point at Broad Top ^Mountain, in Bedford
County, passing by the way of Bloomfield,
Perry County ; also right to connect with any
road at the eastern or western terminus. By a
supplement, February 27, 1868, the capital
stock was changed to seven hundred and fit^v
thousand dollars, and Loysville was to be made
a point on the route. Benjamin F. Junkin,
John R. Shuler, William A. Sponsler, Griflith
448
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Jones, John Wistar and Henry D. Egolf were
appointed commissioners to solicit subscriptions
towai'ds the Bloonifield route. Twenty-four
thousand dollars was subscribed in two days at
Bloomfield and Duncannon, and two thousand
dollars at Loysville.
On April 3, 1872, the Duncannon, Bloom-
field and Loysville Railroad Comjiany was in-
corporated, with power to construct a railroad
from Duncannon, by way of Bloomfield, to Loys-
ville, in Tyrone township, Perry County.
Surveys were made for these roads, but de-
lays and discouragements resulted in final aban-
donment of all of them. The name of the
Sherman's Valley and Broad Top Railroad
was changed to the Pacific Railway, and again
to the South Penn. On account of the changes
the line through Perry County was abandoned,
and the South Penn road, if completed, will
have had its origin in the attempt to obtain a
road through Sherman's Valley.
HISTORY OF MIFFLIN COUNTY.
CHAPTER I.
Civil History— Erection of Mitflin County — Location of
Seat of Justice— Public Buildings— Provision for the
Poor — Rosters of Officials 1789 to 1885— Population.
The territory embraced in Mifflin County at
the time of its erection was in that part of Cum-
berland County which was contained in the
great tract or " Purchase," the title to which
was secured from the Indians at Albany July
6, 1754. Settlements were made so rapidly
during that season that petitions were sent in to
tiie court of Cumberland County from settlers
in Sherman's Valley, along Buffalo Creek and
in Tuscarora and Path Valleys setting forth
" their great distance from the county-seat and
asking for the erection of new townships, that
they might better transact the necessary business
to facilitate the improvement and good govern-
ment of the new settlements." These petitions
were presented to the court at its August term
in that year, and, in accordance with their
prayer, four " new townships tother side the N.
IMountain " were erected. One of these was
" Lac," whose territory was thus stated : "And
we do further errect tlie settlement called the
Tuskerora Valey into a sepparate Township and
nominate the same the Township of LAC, and
we appoint John Johnston to act therein
as Constable for the remaining part of the
current year." It embraced all of the
county of Juniata lying west of the Juniata
River. Its territory was reduced by the ei-ec-
tiou of Milford, November 7,1768.
The trouble with the Indians, arising from
the defeat of Braddock, occurred soon after
these first settlements, and great hardships and
29
many massacres followed. Almost all of the
settlers returned to Carlisle or sought other
strongholds, and remained some years before
again seeking the frontier. A few ventured
back in 1762, and in that year the territory
lying north and east of the Juniata River was
erected into the township of Fermanagh, which
embraced all of the New Purchase not before
organized. A glance at the history of that
township, in Juniata County, will give the
reader a knowledge of that mother of townships,
which then contained a large part of the terri-
tory which is now Perry, Juniata, Mifflin,
Huntingdon, Centre and Snyder Counties.
The years 1763, 1764 and 1765 were years
of great trials, and but few settlers came to the
lauds except those who had made locations be-
fore the outbreak of hostilities.
In the years 1766-77 the rush of emigration
was very great. Locations were selected, ap-
plications made, warrants secured, possession
taken and improvements begun. From this
time peaceable possession was obtained. This
influx of settlers brought a demand for the di-
vision of the large townships, that the voting-
places might not be at such great distances. At
the July term of Cumberland County Court,
Fermanagh township was divided, and from its
territory was taken Greenwood, Penn's and
Derry townships, the latter comprising nearly all
of the present territory of Mifflin County. Its
boundaries were given as follows : " Beginning
at the IMiddle of the Long Narrows ; thence up
the north side of Juniata as far as Jack's Nar-
rows, thence to include the valey of Kishacock-
ulus and Jack's Creek." It will be noticed that a
portion of the county lying south of the Juni-
450
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
ata River and uorth of tlie Black Log Moun-
tain is not embraced in the boundaries here
given. No action of court has been found that
annexed it to Derry, but that it was soon after
a part of its territory is apparent from many
records. The township of Derry was divided
in 1771 by the erection of Armagh, with Jacli's
Mountain as the dividing line. Wayne also
was taken off from the upper part in 1782.
Bald Eagle township was erected as a town-
ship of Northumberland County in 1772,
and Potter was taken from it in 1774.
It was from the territory embraced in the
townships of Laciv, Milford, Fermanagh, Derry,
Armagh, Wayne, Bald Eagle and Potter that
the county of Mifflin was composed upon its
erection in 1789.
Prior to this time Cumberland County had
been reduced by the formation from its territory
of Bedford County, March 9, 1771, part of
Northumberland March 27, 1772, and all of
Franklin September 8, 1784.
Petitions were prepared, circulated, signed
and sent to the Legislature of Pennsylvania, in
the winter of 1 788-89, asking for the erection of a
new county, with boundaries embracing nearly
all of the territory now within the bounds of
Juniata and Mifflin. A bill was framed, came
up for consideration, and was passed by the
House on the 21st of March, 1789, but, owiug
to complications and opposition, presently to
be explained, it did not pass the Senate. The
complicated causes of antagonism to the bill
are, perhaps, best described in a document
drawn up eleven years later, — a petition for the
removal of the county-seat from Lewistown to
Mifflintown, presented to the Assembly of
1801-2. This petition was not granted, and
is only presented here for the reason that it so
well rehearses the matter of the county erection.
It reads as follows:
" Reasons offered by the Petitioners for tlie removal
of the Seat of Justice from the borough of Lewistown
to the town of Mifflin, which are, with all deference,
submitted to the Legislature of Pennsylvania, now
sitting at Lancaster, and are as follows, viz. :
"First, That on the 21st day of March, 1789, a bill
for the erection of Milflin County passed the Legisla-
ture and was published for consideration : the de-
scribed boundary being nearly as the lines of said
county are at present.
"Second, That previous to the publication of said
bill, the inhabitants within the described boundary
for the new county, by their Delegates chosen for that
purpose, met at the house of Robert Chambers, in the
township of Derry, and agreed to nominate three dis-
interested men, whose judgment, with respect to the
Seat of Justice, being above or below the Long Nar-
rows, should be final and conclusive, and some con-
siderable time after the Delegates as aforesaid met at
the house of David Sharron, in Fermanagh town-
ship, and agreed that Col. James Dunlap, of Cum-
berland County, Col. James Johnston and Matthew
Wilson, Esquire, of Franklin County, should be the
three persons recommended to the Legislature as dis-
interestedand suitable characters to explore said pre-
scribed boundary and make report to the succeeding
Legislature of the most convenient and central place
for a Seat of Justice within said boundary ; that then
and there said delegates, viz., William Brown, John
Culbertson, James McFarlaue, John Bratton, John
Oliver, William Smith, Arthur Buchanan and James
Burns, of Armagh, Derry and Wayne townships, and
John Stewart, Thomas Turbett, John Lyon, Robert
Little, John Harris, Samuel Cowan, Samuel Sharron
and .Tames Murray, of Lack, Milford, Fermanagh and
Greenwood townships, by written address and petition,
stated to the Legislature the mutual agreement so en-
tered into, with a particular request that the bounds
of said county, agreeably to the Bill published, should
remain unaltered ; and that the aforesaid James Dun-
lap, James Johnston and Matthew Wilson were ami-
cably chosen for the purpose aforesaid, requesting
their judgment should be final and conclusive.
" Third, That the Legislature accorded with the
choice of the aforesaid three persons, and nominated
them in their Bill for consideration, who actually
went into and carefully explored the same, and upon
mature deliberation made report of the plantation
whereon Mifflintown is situated as being the most
convenient and central for a Seat of Justice within
the described boundary.
'^Fourth, That the inhabitants of Lack, Milford, Fer-
managh and Greenwood townships, who are your pe-
titioners for the removal, resting upon the jilighted
faith of the Delegates from Armagh, Derry and Wayne
townships, and not suspecting any intrigue, device or
advantage would be attempted to frustrate whatever
the .Judgment of the Commissioners aforesaid might
be, did not prepare to meet any attack of the kind ;
but by the privity and connivance of one (or perhaps
all) of the Delegates from Armagh, Derry and Wayne
aforesaid. Spurious petitions were brought forward
to the Legislature signed with the names of the greater
number of the inhabitants of Potter and Bald Eagle
townships, in Northumberland County, praying to be
taken into the new county then about to be erected ;
said townships lying on the north side of our de-
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
4S1
scribed boundary, and including a tract of country
upwards of 50 miles in extent more than was contem-
plated by the Bill published for consideration, and
which has been struck off nearly two years since as
Centre County.
"Fifth, That by the petitions aforesaid, and another
unfairly obtained, from a small part of Greenwood
township, in Cumberland County, praying to be con-
tinued in said county, your petitioners being unpre-
pared to combat such artful conduct and the Legisla-
ture being ultimately deceived into a belief that the
petitions aforesaid were genuine, did declare the town-
ships of Potter and Bald Eagle a part of Mifflin
County and left out a great part of Greenwood town-
ship, in Cumberland County, which was included in
the Bill (thereby destroying its originality and substi-
tuting a very different one instead thereof, thereby
derogating from their jilain constituted authorities,
by which your Petitioners humbly suggest they or
any succeeding Legislature are or ought not to be
bound), and did enact that William Brown, John
Oliver and Andrew Gregg, within the townshi])s of
Armagh, Wayne and Potter, together with John
Stewart, David Beale and David Bole, in the town-
ships of Lack and Greenwood, should be Trustees for
said county.
"Sixth, That John Stewart and David Beale, being
all the Trustees who lived below the Narrows (David
Bole being left out of the county by the line described
in the Act), uniformly refused to act as Trustees, con-
sidering the Laws as unconstitutional, together with
the undue advantage obtained thereby, until, by other
device of those who lived in the vicinity of Lewis-
town, got a fourth trustee added to their side of the
County, viz., James Armstrong. On the 23d of June,
1791, the four Trustees who lived above the Narrows,
viz., William Brown, Jolin Oliver, Andrew Gregg and
James Armstrong, published in the Carlisle Gazette, —
' The Trustees hereby give notice that, agreeable to
said Act, they have received by bargain a quan-
tity of land at the confluence of the river Juniata and
the Kishaqcoquillas Creek and confirmed thereon a
town for the Seat of Justice called Lewistown.'
"Seventh, That your petitioners, as early as November
14, 1789 (see Journals, page 327, that year), also Feb-
ruary 9, 1790 (see Journals, page 118, of that year),
have uniformly held out to public consideration that
whenever the period would arrive that a division off
the north part of Mifflin County would take place, the
people who lived below the Narrows would assert
their just rights, thereby undeceiving every person
who might have an inclination to purchase in the
borough of Lewistown, in order that they might judge
for themselves with regard to the seat of justice re-
maining in that place, and those who purchased can-
not plead ignorance of an existing dispute, but are on
the same footing with a person purchasing his chance
of a disputed title.
"Eighth, That numbers of your ])otitioners who live
below the Long Narrows (and have the same to pass
through to get to Lewistown) live at the distance of
37 miles from thence ; and those who live above the
Narrows (except a few persons in the west end of
Wayne township, who are petitioning to be annexed to
Huntingdon County) do not exceed eighteen miles
from their Seat of .Justice.
"Ninth, That your Petitioners believe, as to num-
bers of those above and below the Narrows, very little
difference exists, but claim the majority, and contend
the town of Mifflin to be much more central and con-
venient than Lewistown, taking into view the local
situation of Mifflin County as it at present stands ; al.so
a further and very material accommodation of Green-
wood township, in Cumberland, Mahantango and
Beaver Dam townships, in Northumberland, and Dub-
lin, in Huntingdon Counties, the three latter of whom
have petitioned to be annexed to Mifflin County on
proviso that the Seat of Justice be removed to the
town of Mifflin.
"Andrew Nelson,
"Agent for the petitioners who pray for a removal."
The act of erection of Mifflin County was
finally passed on the 19th of September, 1789.
It recites in the preamble that, —
" Whereas, It hath been represented to the General
Assembly of this State by the inhabitants of those
parts of Cumberland and Northumberland which are
included within the lines hereinafter mentioned, that
they labour under great hardships by reason of their
great distance from the present seat of justice and the
public offices for the said counties, for the remedy
thereof,"
Section 1st provides, —
" That all and singular the lauds lying within the
bounds and limits hereinafter described and follow-
ing, shall be and are hereby erected into a separate
county by the name of ' Mifflin County,' namely : Be-
ginning at Susquehanna River where the Turkey hill
extends to the said river ; then along the said hill to
Juniata, where it cuts Tuscarora mountain ; thence
along the summit of the said mountain to the line of
Franklin county; thence along the said line to Hunt-
ingdon county line;' thence along the said line to Ju-
niata River ; thence up the said river to Jack's Nar-
rows ; thence along the line of Huntingdon county to
the summit of Tusscy's mountain ; thence along the
lines of Huntingdon and Northumberland counties,
so as to include the whole of Upper Bald Eagle town-
'This line between Huntingdon and Mifflin Counties not
being clearly defined, the boundary was afterwards siii--
veyed, maiked and established by three commissioners,
appointed by the Governor, under authority of an .ict
passed September 13, 1791.
452
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
ship, in the county of Northumberland, to the mouth
of Buck Creek, where it empties into Bald Eagle
Creek ; thence to Logan's gap, in Nittany mountain ;
then to the head of Penn's creek ; thence down the
Said creek to Sinking creek, leaving George McCor-
mick's in Northumberland county ; thence to the top
of Jack's mountain, at the line between Northumber-
land county and Cumberland ; thence along the said
line to Montour's Spring, at the heads of Mahantango
Creek, thence down the said creek to Susquehanna
river; and thence down the said river to the place of
beginning."
It will be noticed that the boundaries of the
county under the act embrace Upper Bald
Eagle and Potter townships, and are not as
originally intended.
The line between Huntingdon and MifBin
Counties soon came into dispute, and on the 1st
of April, 1791, an act was passed defining the
line from the Concord Gap north to the Juni-
ata River and appointing commissioners to run
it. The people residing in Mifflin County op-
posed this effort to include the territory from
McVeytown upward in Huntingdon County, and
much angry feeling was engendered, which only
subsided when another act was passed, March
29, 1792. This act designated the line between
the two counties as "a straight line beginning in
the middle of the water gap in the Tuscarora
Mountains and from thence to the River Juniata
in such direction as to include Joseph Gallo-
way's farm within Huntingdon County, at the
mouth of Galloway's Run, shall be the line be-
tween Huntingdon and Mifflin Counties."
The line so remained until it was again
changed by an act passed April 5, 1834. It
was then defined as "beginning on the Juniata
River so as to divide equally between the said
counties that part of the road which passes
around Blue Rock Hill ; thence due east until
it strikes the Huntingdon and Mifflin County
line; thence along said line to the Juniata River;
thence up said River to place of beginning."'
On February 13, 1800, the county was re-
duced by the erection of Centre County.
Changes in the line were made about 1812,
^A dispute is liable to grow out of the location of the
present line between Huntingdon and Mifflin, which can
only be settled by the courts, and Huntingdon County will
claim an amount for taxes which have been for forty years
paid in Mifflin County.
aimexing to Mifflin a part of Beaver Dam town-
ship, which, upon the erection of Union, in
1813 became a part of that county, but in 1819
was reannexed to Mifflin, and is now a part of
Decatur township, in that county.
After many years of tribulation Juniata
County was erected by act of Legislature
March 2, 1831, and was taken from Mifflin.
Thus the originally extensive boundaries of
Mifflin have been much redticed. It is now
bounded as follows: On the northwest by Cen-
tre County, on the north and east by Union and
Snyder, on the southeast by Juniata and on the
south and west by Huntingdon. Its length is
about thirty and its wadth about fifteen miles ;
its area about three hundred and sixty square
miles, or two hundred and thirty thousand four
hundred acres. The population of the county
in 1790 (the next year after its erection) was
7562; in 1800, 13,809; in 1810, 12,132 (the
decrease is caused by the erection of Centre
County); 1820, 16,618; 1830,21,690; 1840,
(after Juniata was erected) 13,092.
Location of the County-Seat. — It is
shown in the petition heretofore given that the
delegates selected from all parts of the county,
after two meetings, agreed that James Dunlap,
James Johnston and Matthew Wilson should
be appointed to locate the county-seat, and that
their judgment should be final and conclusive.
In accordance with this action on the part of
the delegates, the names of the men so desig-
nated were incorporated in the bill which
passed the House March 21, 1788, and was
published for consideration. They, in good
faith and in accordance with their judgment,
selected John Harris' plantation (Mifflintown).
This was not satisfactory to the people of the
upper end of the county, and measures were
taken to annex territory north to the projjosed
county, which result was brought about and
other commissioners appointed by the act of
erection, September 17, 1789, Section 9 of
which provides, —
"That John Oliver, William Brown, David Beale,
John Stewart, David Bole ^ and Andrew Gregg of said
county, be, and they are hereby appointed trustees
'Elsewhere spelled Bowel, in public documents.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
453
for the county aforesaid, with lull authority for them,
or a majority of them, to purchase, or take and receive
by grant, bargain or otherwise, any quantity or quan-
tities of land, not exceeding one hundred and fifty
acres, on the north side of Juniata river, and within
one mile from the mouth of Kishicoquilis Creek, for
the use, trust and benefit of said county, and to lay out
the same into regular town lots and to dispose of so
many of them as they or any four of them, may think
best for the advantage of said county; and they, or
any four of them, are hereby authorized to sell and
convey so many of them as they may think proper,
and with the monies so arising from the sale of said
lots, and with other monies to be duly assessed, levied
and collected within the said county of Mifflin, for
that purpose, which it is hereby declared it shall and
may be lawful for the commissioners thereof to do, or
cause to be done, to build and erect a court-house and
prison, suitable and convenient for the public, on the
public, and such other square as shall be reserved for
that purpose ; and the said trustees shall, from time
to time, render true and faithful accounts of the ex-
penditures of the same, not only to the commissioners,
but to the Grand Jury, for inspection, adjustment and
settlement of the accounts of said county."
David Bole, oue of the trustees, resided iu
(ireonwood township (now Perry County), and
by the boundaries of the proposed county as
defined iu the last bill the territor}^ in which
he lived was cut off. It is evident from an act
passed April 5, 1790, that he was not in accord
with the other trustees, the reasons for which
can be found in the petition heretofore given.
The act recites that, — ■
" Whereas David Bowel (Bole), one of the said
Trustees, does not reside within the limits of the said
county of Mifliin, aud as the act erecting Mifliin
County requires its trustees to concur in every trans-
action done under and in virtue of their appointment,
etc., Be it therefore enacted:
"That Dr. James Armstrong is hereby appoiuted a
trustee in and for the county of Mifliin, and is here-
by invested with like powers and authorities in
every matter and thing whatsoever that of right be-
longs to any trustee appointed for the county of
Mifflin."
It will be seen in Section 9 that the trustees
were instructed where to lay out the county-
seat, and in accordance with those instructions,
they appointed Samuel Edmiston and James
Potter surveyors to locate and lay it out upon
the site selected.
They were also authorized to purchase oue
hundred and fifty acres of land, to lay out
town-lots and .sell all lands except tho.se needed
for county buildings and county purposes.
This they did not do, nor did they possess title
to the lots on wliich the county buildings were
erected until January 14, 1802.
The reasons why the trustees did not pur-
chase the land on which Lewistown is situated
are as follows : At the July term of the Cum-
berland County Court, 1787, one INIaiy Norris
recovered judgment of one thousand pounds
again.st Arthur Buchanan, who owned three
hundred acres of land on the north side of the
Juniata River and at the junction with the
Kishacoquillas Creek. Thomas Buchanan, the
high sheriff of Cumberland County, was or-
dered to levy upon the property of Arthur
Buchanan, in Deny township, and on the 26th
of October, 1787, seized it and exposed it for
sale at the house of Robert Smith, of Carlisle,
on the 30th of December, 1788. It was not
then sold, and remained in the hands of the
sheriff until 1790. In the mean time Mifflin
County was erected, and the trustees desired
this location and selected the site while the
property was still iu the hands of tlie sheriff,
and in September, 1790, the jail was in process
of building two months before the Buchanan
lands were sold at public sale to Samuel Ed-
mi,ston (as bills for work and material in the
commissioners' records show). The property
of Arthur Buchanan was again ordered to be
sold, and was exposed November 27, 1790,
and sold to Samuel Edmiston, M'ho received a
deed from the sheriff dated January 22, 1791.
On the 29th of June in that year he sold to
Samuel IMontgomery and James Potter each a
third interest in the tract, and in the deed of
Potter he says of the tract, — "Aud on which
the Trustees of iNIifflin County have covenanted
with the said Samuel Edmiston to fix the seat
of justice for the said county of ^Mifflin."
The town of Lewistown was laid out, lots
sold and public buildings erected, aud on Jan-
uary 14, 1802, Samuel Edmiston conveyed to
John Oliver, William Brown, David Beale,
John Stewart, Andrew Gregg and Dr. James
Armstrong, trustees of Mifflin County, lots
Nos. 15 and 16, containing one-quarter acre of
land, for a meeting-house and buryiug-ground ;
454
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
lot No. 86 for a jail ; lot No. 120 "for use of
a publick school-house;" also ground on the
Juniata from the first alley to the junction of
the river with Kishacoquillas Creek, together
with the streets, lanes, alleys and the centre of
said borough, agreeable to the plan of the town
of Lewistown, as laid out by the trustees ;
"also all reversions, remainders, rents, issues
and profits."
This deed also recites that the trustees "laid
out the seat of justice for the said county of
Mifflin on the land of Samuel Edmiston, lying
on the north side of the river Juniata, and sit-
uate on the high ground at the junction of said
river with the Kisliacoquillas Creek."
Much dissatisfaction was expressed by the
residents in the lower part of the county at the
location of the county-seat at this place, and
petitions were sent to the Legislature for sev-
eral years after its location in 1790, asking for
its removal, as the petition heretofore given
will show. About the year 1805, when the
people in that region found they could not
bring about the desired change, agitation was
begun for a new county, to be called Juniata,
and which did not cease until tiiat county was
erected in 1831.
CouET-HouSES AND JaiL8. — The act of erec-
tion provides, in Section 9, that the commissioners
of the county " build and erect a Court-Houseand
Prison, suitable and convenient for the Publick,
on the Publick and such other squares as shall be
reserved for that purpose." I^ot No. 86, on Mar-
ket Street, was designated as a jail lot by the
trustees appointed to lay out the town, and in
the year 1790 the commissioners caused to be
built upon it a log building, two stories in
height, with an outside staircase. The lower
story was fitted as a jail and the upper story as
a court-room. An addition, fifteen by twenty feet,
was made to the jail in 1795, for which on No-
vember 5th of that year William Harper received
seventy-four pounds. On the same date William
Elliott presented a bill for three hundred and
twenty-four pounds of iron for use in the jail ;
Jacob Yost presented a bill for a grate of two
hundred and thirty-five pounds' weight, both of
which were paid. On the 16th of June, 1797,
Robert Forsythe presented a bill of £2 5s.,
" for making two foot-locks and a chain, and
one yoke for the neck of a certain Morrison,
convicted in the county of Mifflin for felony,
and sent to the cells in Philadelphia."
This jail was not considered sufficient for the
purpose, and at the April session of the grand
jury in 1799 they represented the necessity of
a good and sufficient jail for Mifflin County, to
be built in the borough of Lewistown, of stone
and other material, suitable for the same. The
size and plan were to be determined on by the
trustees, by law appointed, for the county, and
the commissioners wei'e to be authorized to
cause a tax to be levied and collected sufficient
to defray the expenses of the same.
The log jail was torn down about 1802-3,
and a stone jail erected upon its site, which
served the purpose until 1856, when the present
jail was erected upon the same site. Courts
were held in the second story of the jail build-
ing until 1795, when it seems to have been
abandoned, and rooms rented in different parts
of the town. It was in the upper room court
was held in September, 1791, when the rioters
came up from below the Ijong Narrows, a full
account of which will be found in the chapter
upon the Bench and Bar of Mifflin County.
In 1794 a room was rented of Robert Kin-
ney, the bill for which was presented to the
commissioners, who, on January 14, 1795, gave
an order upon the treasurer as follows :
"Sir: Pay Eobt. Kinney the sum of ten pounds,
four shillings and four pence half-penny for erecting
a seat ibr the use of the Judges of the Court of Com-
mon Pleas of the County of Mifflin, bringing benches
from the Court-House to his own house and placing
them round the council table and taking apart the
Couucil table that was in the Court-House and carry-
ing it to his own house and putting it together again
for the use of the said Court, for finding two pounds
of nails, one pound of candles and for the use of a
room for the accommodation of the said Court."
In the same year a room was rented of James
Ruglers " for the use of the court," and on the
31st of August, 1795, the commissioners passed
a bill for £5, 12s. 5d. in favor of Jeremiah
Daily, " for sawing out a door of a iiouse for
the use of the Court of Mifflin County, for find-
ing one thousand feet of pine boards for the
same use, for hauling the same from tiie River
MIFFI.IN COUNTY.
455
Juniata to the said house for the same use, for
moving the seats and Council table from the
Court-House of said C'ounty and carrying the
same to said house for said use, and putting
them up, finding said nails for said purpose and
one and half days of his own work."
On the 17th of January, 1796, a room was
rented in the tavern of Michael Foncannon
(where Pratt's grocery now is) for the use of
the judges of the Court of Common Pleas, four
days. At the same time a room in the tavern
of William Elliott (site of National) was rented
for one week for the use of grand and petit
juries, and for the accommodation of the
courts of Mifflin County.
The same room was rented for the
April and May terms, and in the April
term, 1797, and for the use of the Su-
preme Court in the May term of that
year, and for April and May terms,
1798.
In the year 1795 the public S(|uare,
in the centre of the town, was selected
by the trustees as a site for a court-
house. The commissioners advertised
for proposals in the Mifflin Gazette,
then published in Lewistown ; contract
was made with John Norris and James
Alexander to erect a court-house of
brick, two stories in height, in accord-
ance with plans.
It probably was not commenced until
1797. The following order from the
coramissionors to the treasurer of Mifflin
County, dated January 10, 1798, signed
bv Joseph Edmistou, William Bratton
and Ezra Doty, commissioners, gives
the names of the contractors :
"Sir: Pay John Norris and James Alexander, un-
dertakers for the Building the Court-House in the
Borough of Lewistown, the sum of five hundred
pounds, being the second draught agreeable to con-
tract for the Building said Court-house."
The following order to the treasurer shows
the time the court-house was first used. It is
dated September 5, 1798, and was signed by
the commissioners.
" Sir : Pay to James Alexander or John Norris the
sum of Twenty-Eight dollars, being for the use of the
present Court-House and preparing the same for the
accomodation of the Court at August term, One thou-
sand seven hundred and ninety eight."
The last payment on the court-hou.se was
made to James Alexander and John Norris,
April 11, 1799, and was for five hundred
pound.', with interest, and £87.38 extra, which
was for fitting up a room for the commissioners.
In the fall of 1798, Richard Hope pre.^iented
a bill " for erecting a table for the Clerk of the
Court, a Council table and Jury boxes agreealily
to a new plan and making shelves in the Com-
missioners' Room."
MIFFLIX COUNTY COUKT-IIOFSE.
The court-house was erected in the centre
of the diamond. It was built of brick, two
stories in height, exactly square, with a cupola
in the centre and with doors opening from
Market and from Main Streets. An open mar-
ket-house was built on the northeast corner oi
the court-house which was torn away in 1819,
when, by an ordinance of the borough, the square
about the court-house was to be improval. It
was directed that the street " be raised one foot,
I with stone in the middle and g-raveled and turn-
4.i6
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
piked to 9 inches at the edges and to extend
twenty-one feet from the pavement of the
court-house in each direction."
It would ajDpear from the action of the grand
jury given below that the public offices were
not held in the court-house.
At the April sessions of court, 1799, the
grand jury presented that Samuel Edmiston,
Esq., prothonotary, should receive compensa-
tion out of the county treasury for his ex-
pense in furnishing an apartment for holding
the public offices of the county, and also the
adjourned Courts of Common Pleas and Or-
phans' Courts ; also for books and stationery
furnished by him ; the annual sum to lie fixed
by the judges of the court and a majority of
the county commissioners.
The public offices were probably held in the
room fitted np by Mr. Edmiston uut'l the
erection of the public offices, which was about
1816.
On the 24th of November, 1815, George
Hanewalt, John Kiuzer and H. Burkholder,
commissioners, advertised for jiroposals for
building public offices. The proposals were to
be handed to David Reynolds on or before the
first Monday in January next., with whom
plans and specifications were left.
Public offices were built soon after, in 1816,
and were used until the erection of the present
court-house.
The action that led to the erection of the
present court-house was taken by the grand
jury of the county at their meeting in Novem-
ber, 1837, wiicn that body jiresented the follow-
ing report embodying the reasons why a new
court-house is needed :
" Peesentsient.
"To the Honorable, the Judges of the Court of
General Quarter Session of the Peace, now hold-
ing for the County of Mifflin.
" The Grand Inquest of the body of the Countj'
of Mifflin, inquiring for the interest of the same, would
rt'spectfully present that, after having gone through
our other duties, think it very proper, under all the
circumstances of the case, to recommend the removal
and rebuilding in a permanent manner, in some suita-
able place the Court-House and Public offices of the
Said County (believing as we do that within a very
few years past the present Court-House has cost in
repairs a sum very near equal to what would be re-
quired to rebuild the same in a more suitable jilace).
We do therefore recommend the taking down of both
the Court-House and offices and rebuilding the whole
together in a systematic manner out of the materials
that may be used from the old buildings in addition
to such new materials as may be necessary. And
think it would be proper for the County Commis-
sioners, to make provision in due time for such little
expense as may be necessary to carry out the aforesaid
project under the tirder and instruction of the Court
aforesaid (believing as we do that money expended
with due economy towards building and keeping in a
proper state of rejiair such buildings as the public busi-
ness of the County indispensably requires for public
convenience, as also for the safe keeping of Public
Records, etc., can never be a public loss).
" D. R. Reynolds, Foreman."
This report was received by the court, but not
acted ujjon until November 8, 1839, when it
was approved.
The lot on the corner of Main Street and the
public square, on which the court-house
now stands, was purchased, in 1842, of R. C.
Hale, and in that year the contract for its erec-
tion was let to Holman & Simon, who com-
pleted it and delivered it to the commissioners
in December, 1843. The amount paid, includ-
ing $741.47 extra work, was in round numbers
fifteen thousand dollars.
The size of the original building was forty-
eight by thirty-two feet, with a portico ten by
thirty-five feet.
The public offices were filled up on the first
floor of the building with vaults and desks
suitable to the wants of the different officers,
and they have been occupied as such to the
present time.
The court-room and grand and petit jury-
rooms were on the second floor. The enlarge-
ment in 1878 increased the size of the court-
room, and the jury-rooms were placed farther to
the rear.
The la.st meeting held in the old court-house
was the one mentioned in the Gazette of Decem-
ber 23, 1843, when the " Old Court-House is
given as the place of holding a Democratic Whig
Meeting." The building was torn down the
next year and the Square was leveled and
paved.
In the course of time repairs were needed and
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
457
ill 1878 it was resolved at a meeting of the
commissioners (April 20th) to repair and enlarge
the court-house as recommended by the grand
jury of the November and April terms preced-
ing, providing tlie expense did not exceed ten
thousand dollars.
Daniel Ziegler was employed to make plans
and specifications which were adopted April
3i)th and the board advertised for sealed pro-
posals to be opened May 9th. At that time the
contract was let to Buyers, Guyger & Co. for
$7245. The tower and vestibule was not in the
original plan and contract was made for that
part of the work September 9th, the same year,
tor $1850 making the entire cost of repairs and
addition $9095.
Poor- House. — On the 31st of March, 1845,
an act was jjassed l:)y the assembly authorizing
the people of Lewistown borough and of Gran-
ville and Deny townships to vote upon the
question as to whether a poor-farm should be
purchased. If by a vote it was decided in the
affirmative, the townships and borough were
each to contribute twenty-five hundred dollai-s
towards the purchase in question and the main-
tenance of the poor.
A poor-farm was purchased by the borough
and townships and on the 22d of April, 1850,
an act was approved " for the erection of a loan
for the sujjport of the poor in the County
of Mifflin " which provided that if " the poor-
farm now owned by the borough of Lewistown
should be sold by the burgess and Town Council,
a County poor-house should be erected as soon
thereafter as could conveniently be done." The
measure was carried out, and Samuel W. Taylor,
Isaiah Coplin, Samuel Barr, James Criswell and
David Jenkins were appointed commissioners
to purchase real estate on or before August 1,
1850.
The commissioners, after viewing several
sites, selected a tract of two hundred and two
acres owned by James Burns and lying on the
bank of the Kishacoquillas Creek onelialf mile
east of Lewistown. This tract, with two brick
buildings upon it, was purchased July 20, 1850,
for $1600 and at once converted into the poor-
farm of Mifflin County, and it is still used as
such.
Civil List op Mifflin County. — The
civil list of Mifflin County is here given 33
completely as it could be obtained from the
records, —
MEMBERS OF COSOKESS.
Ninth District, comijosed of Huntingdon, Mif-
flin, Centre, Clearfield and McKean Counties : John
Brown, 1820.
Twelfth District, comijosed of Huntingdon, Mifflin,
Centre and Clearfield Counties: John Brown, 1822.
Fifteenth District, composed of Huntingdon, Mifflin,
Centre and Clinton Counties: Dr. Joseph Henderson,
1832 ; re-elected 1834. George McCullough, 1839.
STATE SEXATOES.
Ezra Doty, 1808. ' R. P. McClay, 1838.
William Beale, 1812. Jon. J.Cunningham,1850.
Alexander Dysart, 1816. ' Joseph S. Waream, 1874.
Geo. McCullough, 1832. John B. Selheimer, 1884.
MEMBERS OF STATE LEGISLATURE.
John Oliver, 1790.
James Banks, 1790.
Ezra Doty, 1790.
Jonathan Rothrock, 1790.
Daniel Christy, 1820.
Robert Alexander, 1823.
John Patterson, 1828.
Joseph Kyle, 1828.
John Cummings, 1830.
Abraham S. Wilson, 1837.
Abraham S. Wilson, 1840.
James Burns, 1844.
William Wilson, 1845.
William Reed, 1846.
Hugh McKee, 1847-48.
Alex. Gibboney, 1849.
John Ross, 1850-51.
Henry P. Taylor, 1852.
Alex. Gibboney, 1853.
Elijah Morrison, 1854.
John Purcell, 1855-56.
Charles Bower, 1857.
David Withrow, 1858.
George Bates, 1859.
Adol. F. Gibboney, 1860.
James H. Ross, 1861.
Holmes Maclay, 1862.
C. C. Stanbarger, 1863-64.
James M. Brown, 1865-66.
John S. Miller, 1867.
Henry S. Wharton, 1867.
Samuel T. Brown, 1868.
Amos H. Martin, 1868.
Hen. J. McAteer, 1869-70.
A. Rohrer, 1869-70.
George V. Mitchell, 1871.
George Bates, 1872.
Jerome Hetrick, 1873.
Jos. W. Parker, 1874-75.
E.H.H.Stackpole,1876-77.
Jos. H. Maclay, 1878-80.
Dr.W.H.Parcels,1883-84.
Geo. S. Hoffman, 1884-85.
QUARTERMASTER-GESERAL OF THE STATE.
Reuben C. Hale, 1861.
SHERIFFS.
George Wilson, commissioned October 24, 1789.
William Wilson, commissioned November 6, 1792.
Andrew Nelson, commissioned November 7, 1796.
William Elliott, commissioned November, 5, 1798.
William Sterrett, commissioned May 10, 1800.
Edward McCarty, commissioned October 21, 1803.
William Scott, commissioned October 10, 1805.
William Bell, commissioned October 21, 1806.
John McDowell, commissioned November 16, 1809.
Daniel Christy, commissioned October 28, 1812.
Thomas Horrell, commissioned November 28, 1815.
Thomas Beale, commissioned October'21, 1818.
458
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
John Beale, commissioned September 13, 1821.
Samuel Edmi.ston, commissioned October 17, 1821.
George McCulloch, commissioned October 29, 1824.
Foster Milliken, commissioned November 21, 1827.
Samuel W. Stuart, commissioned November 13, 1830.
James Gibboney, commissioned October 25, 1833.
Robert Matthews, commissioned November 15, 1836.
James Turner, commissioned November 8, 1839.
John Stoneroad, commissioned November 7, 1842.
Robert McManigil, commissioned November 5, 1845.
Davis McKean Contner, commissioned November
9, 1848.
William Shimp, commissioned October 31, 1851.
Jacob Muthersbough, commissioned November 9,
1854.
Thomas E. Williams, commissioned November 7,
1857.
C. C. Stanbarger, commissioned November 9, 1860.
Davis McKean Contner, commissioned November
18, 1863.
William T. McEwen, commissioned November 9.
1866.
William Willis, commissioned February 20, 1869.
Michael Jones, commissioned November 13, 1869.
David Muthersbough, commissioned November 6.
1872.
Joseph W. Fleming, commissioned January 1, 1876.
George Bufflngton, commissioned January 1, 1879.
John S. Garrett, commissioned January 1, 1882.
C. Stewart Garrett, commissioned January 1, 1885.
COUNTY COM
James Lyon, 1789.
Robert Little, 1789.
Enoch Hastings, 1789.
Thomas Anderson, 1793.
John Wilson, 1794.
Joseph Sharp, 1794.
George McClelland, 1795.
James Harris, 1795.
Joseph Edmiston, 1796.
John McCounal, 1796.
William Lyon, 1799.
Ezra Doty, 1799.
Andrew Banks, 1800.
John Piper, 1800.
Nicholas Arnold, 1801.
John Horrell, 1802.
John Kelley, 1805.
Jonathan Rothrock, 1806.
William Arbuckle, 1808.
Henry Steely, 1809.
Joseph Sellers, 1810.
Francis Boggs, 1811.
Samuel Myers, 1812.
George Hanawalt, 1813.
Henry Burkholder, 1814.
John Kinser, 1815.
Samuel Wallick, 1816.
MISSIOXEKS.
Christopher Horrell, 181 7.
Louis Evans, 1818.
Henry Long, 1819.
David Walker, 1820.
William Ramsey, 1821.
William Wharton, 1822.
Andrew Bratton, 1823.
Benjamin Law, 1824.
Stephen Hinds, 1825.
William Sharon, 1826.
James Gibboney, 1827.
Thomas Kerr, 1828.
Francis Boggs, 1829.
John Knox, 1830.
Lukens Atkinson, 1831.
Robert Milliken, 1832.
Francis McCoy, 1833.
John McClenahan, 1834.
Samuel Alexander, 1835.
Casper Dull, 1835.
Thomas I. Postlethwaite,
1836.
Isaiah Coplin, 1837.
Hugh Conly, 1838.
Robert McKee, 1839.
Henry Leattor, 1840.
James Brisbin, 1841.
Samuel Barr, 1842.
John Fleming, 1843.
George Bell, 1844.
Solomon Kinser, 1845.
David Jenkins, 1846.
Levi Glass, 1847.
William Custer, 1848.
Gabriel Dunmire, 1849.
Thomas Stroup, 1850.
James Dorman, 1851.
Cyrus Stine, 1852.
James Fleming, 1853.
Jacob Hoover, 1854.
Jacob Linthurst, 1855.
William Wilson, 1856.
William Creighton, 1857.
John Peachey, 1858.
Richeson Bratton, 1859.
Samuel Brower, 1860.
John McDowell, 1861.
Samuel Drake, 1862.
Moses Miller, 1863.
commission:
Thomas Anderson, 1781
John Culbertson, 1793.
W. W. Laird, 1801.
David Reynolds, 1819.
Ephraim Banks, 1822.
J. Dickson, 1827.
D. Milliken, 1831.
J. Dickson, 1833.
A. B. Norris, 1834.
Charles Ritz, 1835.
Oliver P. Smith, 1863.
John Taylor, 1864.
James C. Dysart, 1865.
John W. Kearns, 1866.
Charles Naginey, 1867.
Thomas Roup, 1868.
James Shehan, 1869.
Heniy S. Wilson, 1870.
Henry Garver, 1871.
Moses Miller, 1872.
Henry L. Close, 1873.
Jacob Stine, 1873.
David Hiester, 1874.
David Hiester, 1875.
John Culbertson, 1875.
William A. Orr, 1875.
John Henry, 1878.
Robert F. Cupples, 1878.
Robert J. McNitt, 1878.
Francis A Means, 1881.
John F. Stine, 1881.
H. C. Van Zandt. 1881.
ERS' CLEKKS.
Samuel P. Lilley, 1838.
Z. Rittenhouse, 1842.
H. J. Walters, 1847.
R. D. Smith, 1857.
George Frj'singer, 1861.
Joseph S. Waream, 1866.
Joseph McCulloch, 1872.
Joseph Hoot, 1874.
J. K. Rhodes, 1876.
Samuel J. Brisben, 1885.
I'ROTHONOTAEIES.'
Samuel Edmiston, commissioned October 24, 1789.
John Norris, commissioned January 4, 1800.
William P. Maclay, commissioned February 28,
1809.
David Reynolds, commissioned November 22, 1816.
Ephraim Banks, commissioned March 25, 1818.
Robert Craig, commissioned March 25, 1821.
William Mitchell, commissioned January 14, 1824.
Abraham S. Wilson, commissioned January 7, 1830.
David R. Reynolds, commissioned March 12, 1832.
William B. Johnston, commissioned January 18,
1836.
William Brothers, commissioned December 22,
1837.
James Gibboney, commissioned February 8, 1839.
James Gibboney, elected November 14, 1839.
1 At the organization of the county, and for about twenty
years thereafter, the offices of Prothonotary, Clerk of Quar-
ter Sessions, Oyer and Terminer, Register of Wills, Record-
er of Deeds and Clerk of the Orphans' Court were held by
one and the same person. This continued until February
28, 1800, when the offices were divided as at present..
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
45»
David R. Reynolds, appointed April 28, 1841.
John R. McDowell, commissioned November 12,
1841.
Zaehariah Rittenhouse, commissioned November
25, 1847.
Thoniiis F. McCoy, commissioned November 25,
1850.
Henry J. Walters, commissioned November 19,
1856.
Nathaniel C. Wilson, commissioned December 10,
1862.
William H. Bratton, commissioned January 9,
1866.
William S. Settle, commissioned January 1, 1875.
Lafeyette Webb, commissioned January 1, 1884.
REGISTERS AXI) RECORDERS.
David Reynolds, commissioned February 28, 1809.'
David Milliken, commissioned November 22, 1816.
Tobias Kreider, commissioned January 14, 1824.
Joshua Beale, commissioned January 7, 1830.
Daniel Eisenbeise, commissioned January 18, 1836.
Enoch Beale, commissioned, February 8, 1839.
Enoch Beale, elected November 14, 1839.
Jesse R. Crawford, commissioned November 12,
1842.
James L. Mcllvaine, commissioned November 25,
1848.
James McDowell, commissioned November 22,
1851.
Joseph S. Waream, commissioned November 8,
1857.
Samuel Barr, commissioned November 23, 1860.
Samuel W. Barr, appointed September 9, 1862.
Samuel W. Barr, elected December 4, 1862.
Michael Hiney, commissioned November 30, 1865.
John Baum, commissioned November 23, 1868.
Willis V. B. Coplin, commissioned January 1,
1875.
McClellan P. Wakefield, commissioned January 1,
1881.
TREASURERS.
Samuel Armstrong, appointed in 1790.
Samuel Montgomery, appointed in 1793.
James Alexander, appointed in 1794.
John Norris, appointed in 1797.
Andrew Keiser, appointed in 1811.
Joseph B. Ard, appointed in 1812.
Robert Robison, apppointed in 1817.
William Brizbin, appointed in 1819.
Joseph B. Ard, appointed in 1822.
Henry Kulp, appointed in 1824.
Joseph B. Ard, appointed in 1827.
Williiim Mitchell, appointed in 1830.
James Dickson, appointed in 1832.
Samuel Edmiston, apjiointed in 1834.
' The date at whicli the office was separated from that of
Prothonotary.
James Burns, appointed in 1835.
Charles Ritz,appointed in 1838.
James Burns, appointed in 1841.
Lewis Hoover, elected in 1841.
James A. Cunningham, elected in 1843.
John C. Sigler, elected in 1845.
Nathaniel Fear, elected in 1847.
Robert H. McClintic, elected in 1849.
Daniel Zeigler, elected in 1851.
William Morrison, elected in 1853.
Henry Zerbe, elected in 1855.
John B. Selheimer, elected in 1857.
William C. Vines, elected in 1859.
Robert W. Patton, elected in 1861.
Amos Hoot, elected in 1863.
Charles Gibbs, elected in 1865.
Joseph McFadden, elected in 1867.
John Swan, elected in 1869.
John A. Shimp, elected in 1871.
Jesse Mendenhall, elected in 1873.
James M. Nolte, elected in 1875.
Joseph A. Fichthorn, elected in 1878.
James Firoved, elected in 1881.
Robert Myers, elected iu 1884.
SURVEYORS.
Michael M. Monahan, appointed in 1812.
Robert Robison, appointed in 1829.
David Hough, appointed in 1832.
William Shaw, appointed in 1836.
John Shaw, elected in 1839.
David Hough, elected in 1842.
John R. Weeks, elected in 1850.
John Swartzell, elected in 1853.
George H. Swigart, elected in 1859.
Thomas F. Niece, elected in 1862.
John Swartzell, elected in 1868.
William J. Swigart, elected in 1874.
David A. McNabb, elected in 1877.
David Hough, appointed in January, 1880.
W. Worrall Marks, elected in 1880.
COEOXERS.
James Taylor, appointed in 1789.
William Armstrong, appointed in 1791.
John Culbertson, appointed in 1792.
Robert Steel, appointed in 1795.
James C. Ramsey, appointed in 1798.
Edward Williams, appointed in 1799.
John Steel, appointed in 1802.
James Walker, appointed in 1805.
James Glasgow, appointed in 1809.
William McCrum, ap[)ointed in 1811.
John Stewart, appointed in 1828.
Thomas J. Postlethwait, appointed in 1829.
James McDowell, appointed in 1830.
John McKee, appointed in ]S36.
Christian Hoover, elected in 1839.
Frederick Swartz, elected in 1845
George Davis, elected in 1848.
460
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
George Wiley, elected in 1851.
James McCord, elected in 1854.
John McKee, elected in 1857.
John Musser, elected in 1858.
George Miller, elected in 1859.
John Davis, elected in 1872.
Samuel Belfbrd, elected in 1875.
George Miller, elected in 1876.
William W. Trout, appointed in 1877.
William N. Hoflman, elected in 1880.
Grantham T. Waters, appointed in 1883.
DIRECTORS OF THE POOR.
James M. Brown, 1850.
Aug. Wakefield, 1850.
Robert Mathews, 1850.
William M. Fleming, 1851
Joshua Morrison, 1852.
Adam Crissman, 1853.
Henry Book, 1854
John Atkinson, 1855.
Daniel Zeigler, 1855.
John Peachy, 1856.
John Cubbison, 1857.
[Act of Assembly made
the commissioners also
directors of the poor.
This continued until
1870.]
Christian C.Hoover,1870.
James Kyle, 1870.
Joseph H. Morrison, 1871,
Charles Bratton, Jr. 1872.
Andrew Spanogle, 1873.
Joseph M. Fleming, 1874.
William Greer, 1875.
William Wilson, 1876.
Samuel B. Wills, 1877.
Samuel Mitchell, 1878.
Michael C. Bratton, 1879.
Robert M. Taylor, 1880.
E. C.Kearns,"l881.
David Norton, 1882.
Jacob Bollenger, 1883.
Robert Taylor, ISSi.
Joseph Winter, 1885.
Alex. Morrison, 1870.
COUNTY SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENTS.'
R. C. Ross, from July 5, 1854, to October 18, 1856.
A. M. Woods, from Oct. 21, 1856, to June 3, 1857.
A. D. Hawn, from June 3, 1857, to Dec. 1, 1858.
A. J. Warner, from Dec. 1, 1858, to Aug. 29, 1859.
Azariah Smith, from August 30, 1859, to June 1, 1863.
J. Williamson, from August 10, 1863, to June 5, 1864.
M. Mohler, from June 6, 1864, to June 5, 1869.
J. M. Bell, from June 4, 1859, to June 7, 1875.
W. C. Gardner, from June 7, 1875, to June 6, 1878.
W. C. McClenahan, from June 6, 1878, to June 2, 1884
W. L. Owens, elected June 2, 1884.
Population of Mifflin County.
Towns. 1790
1800
1810
1820
1830 1 1840
18.50
1860
1870
1873
1192
1171
1901
1297
2737
686
1173
1355
14G8
1453
862
350
1880
Armagh
1055
1613
2132
1908
003
767
1080
1016
2058
348
974
11107
1221
1350
1742
1015
990
1342
1062
2733
680
1020
1668
1284
1201
353
1970
1069
1216
1611
1221
2638
.641
1090
1143
1415
1418
702
366
2067
635
1551
765
2720
1406
Derry
Granville . .
1135
2670
1480
Lewistown Bor. . .
523
773
1479
3222
679
Menno
1191
Oliver
1386
Union
Wayne
Bratton
Newton Jlamil-
791
1304
1391
2096
1757
3691
1417
1320
1028
1808
8059
12544 130',)2, 14080 1G400
1
17407
19577
' Tiie salary of the superintenJent in 1852 was $.500 ;
now it is one thousand dollars.
CHAPTEE II.
THE BENCH AND BAR OF MIFFLIK COUNTY.
Early Courts — The Lewistown Riot of 1791 — Biograph-
ical Sketches — Rosters of Judges and Attorneys.
Section 4 of the act of erection of Mifflin
County, passed Sejitember 19, 1789, provided, —
" That the Justices of the Peace commissioned at
the time of passing this Act, and residing within the
bounds and limits of the said county, herein and
hereby erected and con.stituted, shall be Justices of
the peace for the said county during the time for
which they were so commissioned; and they, or any
three of them, shall and may hold courts of General
Quarter Sessions of the Peace. And the Justices of
the Common Pleas in like manner commissioned and
residing, or any three or more of them, shall and may
hold courts of Common Pleas in the said county
during the time they were so commissioned ; and the
said courts of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace,
and of Common Pleas, shall have all and singular
the powers and authorities, rights and jurisdictions,
to all intents and purposes, which any other Courts
of General Quarter Sessions and of the Common
Pleas, in any of the other counties of this State may,
can or ought to have in their respective counties, and
the said courts of Common Pleas shall sit and be held
for the said county of Mifflin, on the second Tuesdays
in the months of December, March, June and Sep-
tember in each year, at the house now occupied by
Arthur Buchaunan, until a court-house shall be built,
as hereafter directed ; and the courts of Quarter Ses-
sions of and for the said county shall open and com-
mence on the days next preceding the opening of the
said courts of Common Pleas, in each of the said
months, in each year, as aforesaid, until the time
aforesaid, and then shall sit, and be liolden and kept
at the said court-house on the days and times before
mentioned."
Section 10 of the act of erection provided, —
" That the Justices of the Supreme Court and of
the courts of Oyer and Terminer and General Goal
Delivery of this State shall have the like powers,
jurisdictions and authorities, within the said county
of Mifflin, as by law they are vested with, and enti-
tled to have and exercise in other counties of this
State ; and they are hereby authorized and empow-
ered, from time to time, to deliver the goal of the said
county of capital and other ofienders, in the same
manner as they are authorized and empowered to do
in any other counties of this State."
Under this act the courts of Mifflin County
were erected, and the first Court of Common
Pleas was held December 8, 1789, at the hou.se
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
461
of Arthur Buchanan, with William Brown,
Esq., as president, and William Bell, James
Burns and William McCoy, Esq., as associate
ju.stices. At this court but little business was
done, except to organize and admit attorneys
to practice in the courts. The first Court of
Quarter Sessions was held on the 8th of March,
1790, before William Brown, Esq., and his as-
sociate. The first grand jury j^anel was Wil-
liam Smith* (foreman), John Elliot,* John
Oliver, Esq.,* James Harrill, JohnCulbertson*
(fuller), Robert Taylor, John Culbertson*
(farmer), Joseph McClellan,* Captain William
Wilson,* John Watson,* Henry Bernthe-
isel,* John Hardy,* John -Wilson (dis-
tiller), William Purdy, Andrew Nelson, Wil-
liam Walker, William Harris, William Work,
James Banks, Thomas Gallagher, William
Hard)^, John Burns, Samuel Holliday and
Robert Means.*
The courts of this county were conducted in
this manner and under this jurisdiction imtil
December, 1791.
At the last term of court under this jurisdic-
tion (SejJtember, 1791) an incident occurred
which nearly resulted in a riot. As near as can
be ascertained at this late day, the causes that
brought about tiie disturbance are as follows :
Samuel Brysou, a resident of what is now Mif-
flintown, was for several years a county lieu-
tenant, and while acting in that capacity re-
fused to commission two colonels who had been
elected by their respective regiments. This so
incensed the members of the regiment and their
friends also, that when Mr. Bryson received the
appointment of associate justice they were in-
dignant, and determined he should not act in
that capacity. The following letter written by
John Clarke, deputy State's attorney, to Judge
Thomas Smith, who was soon after appointed
judge of the Fourth Judicial District, gives the
facts as they occurred :
" Sir,— On Monday, the 12th of September, 1791,
the Hon. William Brown, Samuel Bryson and James
Armstrong, Esquires, met in the forenoon in order to
open the Court and proceed to business ; but Thoina.s
Beale, Esquire, one of the Associate Judges, not hav-
ing arrived, their Honours waited until three o'clock
in the afternoon, at which time he arrived, and was
requested to proceed with them and the officers of the
Court to the Court-House ; he declined going, and the
procession moved on to the Court-House, where the
judge's commissions were read, the Court opened, and
the officers and the Attorneys of the Court sworn
in, and the Court adiourned till ten o'clock next
morning.
Note. — Those marked thus (*) were present and sworn
in, and on account of others being absent, Moses Thomp-
son, William Robinson and James Alexander were taken
from the bystanders and sworn in to fill the panel.
"About nine o'clock, while preparing business to
lay before the Grand Jury, I received information
that a large body of men were assembled below the
Long Narrows, at David Jordan's tavern, on the Ju-
niata, and were armed with guns, swords and pistols,
with an avowed intention to proceed to Lewistown
and seize Judge Bryson on the bench, and drag him
from his seat, and march him off before them, and
otherwise ill-treat him. This information was in-
stantly communicated to Messrs. Brown, Bryson and
Armstrong, the Judges, who agreed with me that
Samuel Edmiston, Esq., the Prothonotary, Judge
Beale, Stewart, Esq., William Bell, Esq., should,
with George Wilson, Esq., the Sheriff of Mifflin
County, proceed and meet the rioters ; and the
Sheriff was commanded to enquire of them their ob-
ject and intention, and if hostile, to order them to
disperse, and tell them the Court wasalarmedat their
proceedings.
"Two hours after this the Court opened, and a
Grand Jury was impanelled. A fife was heard
playing, and some guns fired, and immediately the
mob appeared, marching towards the Court-House,
with three men on horseback in front, having the
gentlemen that had been sent to meet them under
guard in the rear ; all of whom, on their arrival at
Lewistow-n, they permitted to go at large, except the
Sheriff, whom four of them kept a guard over. The
Court ordered me, as the representative of the Com-
monwealth, to go and meet them, remonstrate against
their proceedings, and warn them of their danger ;
which order was obeyed, but all endeavours were in
vain, the mob crying out, ' March on ! March on !
Draw your Sword on him ! Draw your Sword on him !
Ride over him ! ' I seized the reins of the bridle that
the principal commander held, viz., Wilson,
Esq., brother of the Sheriff aforesaid, who was well
mounted and well dressed, with a sword, and, I think,
two pistols belted round him, a cocked hat, and one
or two feathers in it. He said he would not desist,
but at all events proceed, and take Judge Bryson off
the bench, and march him down the Narrows to the
Judge's farm, and make him sign a written paper
that he would never sit there as a Judge again.
" The mob still crying out ' March on !' he drew his
sword and told me he must hurt me unless I would
let go the reins. The crowd pushed forward and
462
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
nearly pressed me down; one of them, as I learned
afterwards, a nephew of Judge Beale, presented his
pistol at my breast with a full determination to shoot
me. I let the reins go and walked before them until
I arrived at the stairs on the outside of the Court-
House, when Judge Armstrong met me and said,
' Since nothing else will do, let us defend the stairs.'
We instantly ascended, and Mr. Hamilton and the
gentlemen of the bar and many citizens ; and the
rioters, headed by William Wilson, Colonel Walker
and Colonel Holt, came forward, and the gen-
eral cry was, ' March on, damn you ; proceed and take
him!' Judge Armstrong replied, 'You damn'd
rascals, come on ! we will defend the Court our-
selves, and before you shall take Judge Bryson you
shall kill me and many others, which seems to be
your intention and which you may do.' At this awful
moment one Holt seized Judge Armstrong by the arm
with the intent to pull him down the stairs, but he
extricated himself Holt's brother then got a drawn
sword and put it into his hands and damned him
to run the rascal through ; and Wilson drew his sword
on me with great rage, and young Beale his sword,
and cocked his pistol and presented it. I told them
they might kill me, but the Judge they could not, nor
should they take him ; and the words " Fire away! '
were shouted through the mob. I put my hand on
his shoulder and begged him to consider where he was,
who I was, and reflect but for a moment. I told him
to withdraw the men and appoint any two or three of
the most respectable of his people to meet me in half
an hour and try to settle the dispute. He agreed,
and, with difliculty, got them away from the Court-
House. Mr. Hamilton then went with me to Mr.
Alexander's tavern, and in Wilson and Walker came,
and also Sterrett, whom I soon discovered to be their
chief counsellor.
" Proposals were made by me that they should re-
turn home, offer no insult to Judge Bryson or the
Court, and prefer to the Governour a decent petition,
stating their grievances, if they bad any, that might
be laid before the Legislature ; and that, in the mean
time, the Judge should not sit on the bench of this
Court. They seemed agreed and our mutual honour
to be pledged ; but Sterrett, who pretended not to be
concerned, stated that great delay would take place,
that injuries had been received which demanded in-
stant redress, and objected to the power of the Gover-
nour as to certain points proposed. At this point
young Beale and Holt came up (the former with
arms) and insisted on Wilson's joining them, and
broke up the conference. I followed, and on the
field among the rioters told Wilson, ' Your object is
that Judge Bryson leave the bench and not sit on it
this court?' He and Walker said ' Yes.' ' Will you
promise to disperse and go home and oflfer him no in-
sult ? ' He said ' Yes,' and our mutual honour was
then pledged for the performance of the agreement.
" Mr. Hamilton proceeded to the Court, told the
Judge, and he left his seat and retired. I scarce had
arrived until the fife began to play, and the whole of
the rioters came on to the Court-House, then headed by
Wilson. I met them at the foot of the stairs and told
them the Judge was gone, in pursuance of the agree-
ment, and charged them with a breach of the word
and forfeiture of honour, and Walker said it was so,
but he could not prevail on them. Wilson said he
would have the Judge and attempted going up-stairs.
I prevented him, and told him he should not unless
he took off his military accoutrements. He said he
had an address to present and complied with my re-
quest, and presented it, signed ' The People.' Young
Beale, at the moment I was contending with Wilson,
cocked and presented his pistol at my breast, and in-
sisted that Wilson and all of them should go, but on
my offering to decide it by combat with him, he de-
clined it, and by this means they went off swearing
and said that they were out-generaled.
" The next day Colonel McFarland, with his regi-
ment, came down and offered to defend the Court, and
addressed it; -the Court answered, and stated that
there was no occasion, and thanked him.
" Judge Bryson read a paper, stating the ill treat-
ment he received, and mentioned that no fear of dan-
ger prevented him from taking, and keeping, his seat ;
but that he understood that an engagement had been
entered into by his friends that he should not, and on
that account only he was prevented. The Court ad-
journed until two o'clock that day, and were proceed-
ing to open it with the Sheriff to wait on him and
request him to walk with them ; he returned and said
the Judge would not walk or sit with Bryson, and
addressed Judge Bryson with warmth, who replied in
a becoming manner. The Sheriff struck at him and
kicked also. Judge Armstrong seized the Sheriff,
and commanded the peace and took the Sheriff's rod
from him; the Coroner took his place, and the Sheriff
was brought up before the Court. I moved he might
be committed to Gaol and his mittimus wrote and
signed and the Court ordered the Coroner and gaoler
to take him, and he submitted. The Court ad-
journed. After night the drumbeat and Holt col-
lected about seventy men, who repeatedly huzzaed,
crying out ' Liberty or Death ! ' and he ordered to
rescue the Sheriff', but the Sheriff refused.
"At ten o'clock at night I was informed expresses
were sent down the Narrows to collect men to res-
cue the Sheriff, and Major Edmiston informed me he
was sorry for his conduct and offered to beg the
Court's pardon, and to enter into recognizance. I
communicated this to the Judges, Brown and Arm-
strong, and requested they would write to the gaoler
to permit him to come down ; they did, and the sher-
iff came with Major Edmiston, begged pardon of
every member of the Court and Judge Bryson (who
was not present), and entered into recognizances to
appear at the next sessions.
" The next day near three hundred men were as-
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
463
aembled below the Narrows, iind I prevailed on some
gentlemen to go down and disperse them ; and upon
being assured the Sheriff was out of Gaol, they re-
turned to their respective homes, and the Court
have finished all business; nothing further requiring
the attendance of tlie Grand Jury, the Court dis-
missed tliem and broke up. I must not omit to in-
form you that Judge Beale had declared during the
riot in Court, that he would not sit on the bench with
Judge Bryson, and that botli him and said Stewart
appeared to countenance the rioters, and are deeply
concerned.
" I must now close the narrative with saying that,
owing to the spirit and firmness of Judge Armstrong
5ind the whole of the bar, I was enabled to avert the
dreadful blow aimed at Judge Bryson, and to keep
order and subordination in Court, and unless the most
vigorous measures are exerted soon, it will be impos-
sible ever to support the laws of the State in that
country, or to punish those who dare transgress.
" The excise law is execrated by the banditti, and
from every information I expect the collection of the
revenue will be opposed. I am happy to add the
dispute which originated by a mistake between
Huntingdon and MifHin Counties is happily closed in
the most amicable manner, without any prosecution
in Milflin. I am. Sir, your most obedient,
"John Clarke, Dy. St. Attorneij."
An act ot" the Legislatui-e was passed April 13,
1791, by which the State of Pennsylvania was
divided into five judicial districts, of which the
JJ'ourth District consisted of the counties of Cum-
berland, Franklin, Bedford, Huntingdon and
Mifflin. Upon the erection of Union County,
in 1813, it became attached to Mifflin, and when
the State was redistricted by the act of April
14, 1834, Mifflin and Union Counties became
the Twentieth District. Snyder County was at-
tached upon its erection, in 1855, and the dis-
trict remained the .same in the act redi.stricting
the State April 9, 1874.
The act of 1791 provided that in each of these
districts " a person of knowledge and integrity,
skilled in the laws, shall be appointed and com-
missioned by the Governor to be president and
judge of the Court of Common Pleas within each
district or circuit, and that a number of other
pro])er persons, not fewer than three nor more
than four, shall be appointed and commissioned
judges of the Courts of Common Pleas in and for
each and every of the counties of this common-
wealth, which said presidents and judges shall,
after the said thirty-first day of August next,
respectively have and execute all and .singular
the powers,juri.sdictions and authoriti(;s of judges
of the Courts of Common Pleas, judges of the
Courtsof Oyer and Terminer and Grand (ioal-
delivery, judges of the Orphans' Courts and jus-
tices of the Courts of Quarter Se.ssions, agreeably
to the laws and constitution of this common-
wealth."
Under the act of April, 1791, Thomas Smith
was appointed president judge of the Fourth
Judicial District and held the first court at Lew-
istown in December, 1791, with William J5rown,
Samuel Bryson, James Armstrong and Thomas
Beale as associate judges.
The following judges have at different times
presided over the courts of the district now un-
der consideration :
WiLLiAAr Brown was commis.sioned Novem-
ber 14, 1789. At that time the president judge
was the senior justice of the peace. It was not
until 1791 that president law judges were ap-
pointed, when Thomas Smith became the first,
Augu,st20,1791. On the 20th of August, 1795,
James Riddle was aj)pointed and served until
March 1, 1806. His successor was Joxathan
Walker, of Bedford. Judge Jonathan Walker
was born near Hogestown, Cumberland County,
and when still quite a lad served in the army
of the Revolution. He graduated at Carlisle
September 26, 1787, studied law and in 1791
established himself in its practice in the town
of Northumberland. In April, 1806, he wa.s
appointed president judge of the Fourth Dis-
trict, then Mifflin, Centre and Huntingdon, and
removed to Bellefonte. He retired in July,
1818, and was succeeded by the Hon. Charles
Huston. Judge Walker was the first judge of
the United States Court for the We-stern Dis-
trict of Pennsylvania, which was erected by act
of Congress April 20, 1818. He died in Janu-
ary, 1824, while on a visit to his son at Natchez,
Mississippi (?). Robert J. Walker, United
States Senator from Mississippi 1830, Secretary
of Treasury of United States 1845, was a son
of Judge Walker, who was born at Northuiuber-
land July 19, 1801.
Hox. Charles Huston was born of Scotch-
Irish parents in Plnmstead township, Bucks
County, January 16, 1771. He was educated
464
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
at Dickinson College, Carlisle, where he gradu-
ated in 1789. During the years 1790-91 he
taught a select school in Carlisle and studied
law with Thomas Duncan, Esq. He was ad-
mitted to the bar in August, 1795, and soon
after removed to Wiliiamsport, Lycoming Coun-
ty having just been erected. In 1807 he re-
moved to Bellefonte and began practice. On
the 22d of August, 1818, he was appointed
president judge of the Fourth District, which
office he held until his appointment, in April,
1826, as one of the judges of the Supreme Court
of the State, which last position he held until
the expiration of his term, in 1845. Judge
Walker, in his farewell address to the people of
the Fourth Judicial District, July 24, 1818, said
of Mr. Huston, his successor, " He is known to
be a man of plain manners, integrity, learning,
sound understanding, deep legal research and
natural eloquence." Judge Huston's opinions
are found in thirty-five volumes of reports. In
the latter years of his life he compiled a work
on "The History and Nature of Original Titles
to Land in the Province and State of Pennsyl-
vania," and completed the same a short time
before his death, which occurred November 10,
1849.
Hon. Thomas Burnside was born in the
county of Tyrone, Ireland, July 28, 1782. In
1792 he came with his father to Montgomery
Co., Pa. In November, 1 800, he began the study
of law with the Hon. Robert Paxter, of Phila-
delphia, and was admitted to the bar February
13, 1804. He settled at once in Bellefonte. In
1811 he was elected to the State Senate and was
an active supporter of Governor Snyder in all
the war measures of 1812. In 1815 he was
elected to Congress and served during the mem-
orable session of 1816. In the summer of the
last-named year he was appointed president
judge of the Ijuzerne District. This position he
resigned in 1818 and resumed practice of the law
at Bellefonte. In 1823 he was again elected to
the State Senate, of which body he was chosen
Speaker. Upon the appointment of tlie Hon.
Charles Huston (then president judge of the
Fourth District) to be one of the justices of the
Supreme Court of the State, Mr. Burnside was
appointed, April 20, 1826, to succeed Judge
Huston. Judge Burnside held this office until
1841, when he was appointed president judge of
the Seventh Judicial District (Bucks and Mont-
gomery). On the 1st of January, 1845, he was
commissioned one of the justices of the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania, which position he filled
till his death, March 25, 1851.
George W. Woodward was appointed prcs-
dent judge of the Fourth Judicial District in
March, 1841, and served until 1842, when he
was succeeded by Abraham S. Wilson. On May
8, 1852, Mr. Woodward was commissioned an
associate justice in the Supreme Court of the
State, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of
the Hon. Richard Coulter. In the fall of that
year Judge Woodward was elected for fifteen
years, which period elapsed December 2, 1867.
Hox. Abraham Scott Wilson died at
Lewistown, Pa., December 19, 1864, aged six-
ty-tour years. He was born in Chillisquaque
townshij), Northumberland County, and was
the youngest sou of General William Wilson,
who then owned the flouring-mill at the mouth
of Chillisquaque Creek.
General Wilson emigrated from Ireland be-
fore the Revolution, settled at Northumberland,
and June 25, 1775, went as third lieutenant of
Colonel Thompson's regiment to Boston. He
became captain, March 2, 1777, in the First
Pennsylvania, and served during the war, be-
ing mustered out November 3, 1783. He
married Mary, daughter of Captain Abraham
Scott (who resided on Packer's Island and died
there in August, 1798), aud was commissioned
associate judge of Northumberland County
January 13, 1792, which office he held until
his death, in 1813. He was appointed brigadier-
general in the provisional army of 1798. His
eldest son, S. Hunter Wilson, was associate
judge of Centre County, and died while in of-
fice at the Old Fort, Centre Co., July 22, 1841.
Abraham S. Wilson passed his boyhood at
Chillisquaque Mills, received his academic edu-
cation at the old academy in Northumberland,
and read law with Hon. W. W. Potter, at
Bellefonte, where he was admitted to the bar in
November, 1821. He then removed to Lewis-
town and settled down in the practice of his
profession at that place.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
465
He was married, December 12, 1839, to Har-
riet, daughter of John Norris, cashier of the
Old Centre Bank, at Beliefonte. He repre-
sented Union, Juniata and Mifflin Counties in
the Legislature of 1840, and March 30, 1842,
was commissioned president judge of the Twen-
tieth Judicial District, composed of the counties
of Huntingdon, Mifflin and Union, which was
formed by the act of March 21, 1842. In 1851
he was elected president judge of the district
composed of Mifflin and Union Counties.
A short time prior to the expiration of his
term he had a stroke of paralysis, which inca-
pacitated him from writing, but his intellect re-
mained clear always, and by the aid of an
amanuensis he was enabled to serve out his
term. He was eminently a just and upright
judge, and his decisions, always carefully con-
sidered and made, almost invariably passed the
ordeal of review in the Supreme Court without
revision.
Judge Wilson was an exceedingly kind-
hearted man, possessing an even temperament ;
socially inclined, he had a vast fund of anec-
dote and fine conversational powers. Appar-
ently easy-going, he was an industrious stu-
dent, devoting the early morning hours to
researcii and reading, preparing himself for
judicial duty while others slept. Mrs. Wilson
died at Leadville, Col., December 26, 1879,
at the home of their only child, Mary, wife of
Mr. Frank Ballon.
Samuel S. Woods was born in Mifflin
County, Pa., a few miles above McVeytown,
September 8, 1820. He was the second son of
Rev. James S. Woods, D.D., and a grandson of
Dr. John Witherspoon, one of the signers of
the Declaration of Independence, his mother
being the youngest daughter of Dr. Wither-
spoon. Judge Woods received his academic
education at the Lewistown Academy and
graduated at JeiFerson College, at Cannonsburg,
Pa., in the year 1839. After he graduated he
taught a classical school in Eastern A''irginia
for one year. He then commenced the study
of law in Carlisle, Pa., in the law school of
Judge John Reed, and was admitted to the bar
at that place in the spring of 1842. He lo-
cated at Lewistown, Mifflin County, Pa., where
he was admitted to practice law May 12, 1842.
He very soon acquired a large and lucrative
practice and rapidly rose to be one of the lead-
ing lawyers at that bar. He was a close
student, a thoroughly-read la^vye^ and an able
advocate. He prepared his cases with great
care and tried them with zetil and tact, and was
a very successful practitioner.
At the November election in 1861 he was
elected president judge of the Twentieth Ju-
dicial District, composed of the counties of
Mifflin, Snyder and Union, and filled tliat
office from January, 1862, to January, 1872,
when his term expired. He was a consistent
member of the Presbyterian Church, a warm-
hearted, generous man and an able, honest and
fearless judge. He was married, November 26,
1844, to Henrietta Wilson, and had by hei'
three children, all daughters, one of whom died
when two years old. The others are still liv-
ing. His wife died February 17, 1857. He
died February 5, 1873, after a protracted ill-
ness.
Hon. Joseph C. Bucher w;is elected to
succeed Judge Woods ; was commissioned No-
vember 7, 1871, and is still on the bench.
(For sketch , see Bench and Bar of Union Countv.)
attorneys.
At the first meeting of the Mifflin County
Court, December 8, 1789, the following attor-
neys were admitted to practice :
James Hamilton.
Thomas Duncan, of Carlisle, late justice of
the Supreme Court.
George Fisheu.
John Clark, in 1791, was the deputy at-
torney-general when the riot occurred at Lewis-
town.
Thomas Nisbit, of Carlisle ; a son of Rev.
Dr. Nisbit, president of Dickinson College.
David McKeehan.
John Cadwallader.
George Duffikld, of Carlisle, son of Rev.
George Duffield.
David Watts, a son of General Frederick
Watts and father of Judge Frederick Watts, of
Carlisle.
Charles Hall.
466
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The followiug were admitted at March term,
1790:
Thomas Smith.
John A. Hannah.
Jonathan Walker.
Thomas Anderson, was clerk of the county
commissioaers for several yeare ; practiced in
Le wist own.
The following were admitted at June term,
1790:
Charles Smith.
Daniel Smith.
Galbraith Patterson, admitted Septem-
ber term, 1790.
William Hannah, admitted November
term, 1796.
ROBJEBT McClure, admitted April term,
4797.
William Augustus Patterson, of North-
umberland County, was admitted to practice
April, 1797 ; married and practiced at Lewis-
town during his life.
Evans Rice Evans, Richard L. Cormack
and Samuel Roberts were also admitted at
the same time.
Elias W. Hale was boi-n in Glastonbury,
Conn., April 18, 1775. He graduated at Yale
College in 1794, and soon after began the study
of law with Charles Hall, of Sunbury, Pa.
After completing liis studies he removed to
Lewistown and was admitted to practice at the
bar of Mifflin County in May, 1798. He be-
came one of the leading lawyers of the dis-
trict. He died February 3, 1832, and is buried
in St. Mark's Cemetery. Mr. Hale was mar-
ried to Miss Jane Mulhollan, who survived
liim many years. Their children were George
G., Reuben C, John M., Elias W., Mary and
Caroline. Mary became the wife of Gideon
Welles, of Hartford, Conn., and Caroline mar-
ried George D. Morgan, of New York. Dr.
Elias W. Hale is now living at Bellefoute.
William W. Laird was a native of North-
umberland County ; was admitted to the bar of
Mifflin County in August, 1798, and settled at
Lewistown. In 1811 he was executor of the
estate of General William Lewis, of Hope
Furnace, and took charge of the furnace and
operated it for several years. He later re-
moved to Akron, Ohio, and was there engaged
in the manufacture of iron.
Enoch Smith, admitted December, 1798.
Andrew Groff, admitted January, 1799.
John Corson, admitted August, 1799.
Robert Allison, admitted August, 1799.
John Shippin, admitted April, 1800.
Andrew Dunlap, admitted April, 1800.
David Irvine, admitted November, 1800.
John Miles, admitted April, 1801.
James Dunlap, admitted August, 1801.
Thomas Gemmel, a sou of John Gemmel, of
Deny township (now Granville) was admitted
to practice in the Mifflin County courts in
April, 1802. After practicing a few years he
left Lewistown.
William Orbison, admitted April, 1802.
John Wallace, admitted May, 1803.
Alexander Lyon, admitted November,
1803.
James Orbison, admitted April, 1805.
Walker Reed, admitted April, 1805.
Isaac Brown Parker, admitted August,
1806.
William Norris, admitted August, 1806.
William R. Smith, admitted January, 1809.
John B. Gibson, admitted January, 1810.
George Ross, admitted January, 1811.
Alexander A. Anderson was admitted to
practice in the Mifflin County courts at August
term, 1811, and continued until his death,
April 3, 1823, aged thirty-seven years. He was
at one time a member of the Legislature.
John Johnston, admitted August term, 1811.
WiIjLIAm W. Potter, admitted May term,
1814.
Andrew Caruthebs, admitted May term,
1814.
Daniel S. Houghton, admitted August
term, 1814.
John Blanchard, a native of Vermont, was
born in 1787 ; graduated at Dartmouth College
in 1812; moved to York County, Pa., wliere he
taught school and studied law. He was ad-
mitted to the bar of York County March 31,
1815, and in April following was admitted to
practice in Mifflin County. He moved to
Lewistown, where he remained but a short time,
and then moved to Bellefonte, where he resided
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
467
until his death, March 8, 1849. At the time of
his death he had been a member of Congress for
four years.
Thomas Blair, was admitted at January
term, 1816.
Robert Craig, was admitted at August
term, 1817.
Benjamin R. Stevens, was admitted at No-
vember term, 1817.
William W. Kennedy, was admitted at
January term, 1818.
David W. Hulings, a native of Perry
County, graduated at Dickinson College. Stud-
ied law in the office of his uncle, David Watts,
of Carlisle. Came to Lewistown in 1818, and
on January 19th of that year presented his
commission to the court as deputy attorney-
general of Mifflin County. In 1820 he mar-
ried Miss Maria, a daughter of Benjamin Pat-
ton, and settled in the place for the practice of
law, and followed his profession many years.
About 1830 he became the owner of the Hope
Furnace, which he operated many years, and
purchased much 'real estate in the County. He
ceased the practice of law about fifteen years be-
fore his death, which occurred in Baltimore.
James I\I. McDowell, of Chambersburg, was
admitted to the bar of Mifflin County at Au-
gust term of court, 1818; settled in Lewistown
and continued practice until his death, February
28, 1840, aged forty-eight years. He was ap-
pointed deputy attorney-general April 18, 1824.
Gratz Etting, admitted August term, 1818.
MoRDECAi M. Kinney, admitted August
term, 1818.
Eliphalet Lucian Benedict was a native
of Watertown, Connecticut, and was born
December 5, 1792. His death occurred in
Lewistown November 7, 1875. Of his early
history little is known. His education was a
fairly liberal one. We trace him next to
Lancaster, Pa., where he studied law, and be-
ing poor, taught district schools for a few
months of each year during the period he de-
voted to the acquirement of legal knowledge.
His preceptor was Judge Rogers, of Lancaster.
Mr. Benedict came to Lewistown late in 1818,
or early in 1819, and opened an office. He re-
sided in Lewistown for upwards of fifty-six
years. He never held nor aspired to any official
favore, preferring the quiet pursuit of the pro-
fession he adopted. At his decea.se, and for
many years, he was the president of the Bar
Association, as its oldest resident member. He
was regarded as a stern and exacting man in
his business relations; while esteemed close, even
penurious, he was yet found to have dispensed
quite generously and quietly to such persons
and objects as commended themselves to his
confidence. At the bar he occupied a leading
position — rather as a counselor than an advo-
cate— and yet he was effective before the court
and a jury in the latter capacity. As an advo-
cate lie was brief, but clear and lucid in state-
ment, vigorous and logical, avoiding any florid
display of oratory.
His funeral, the services of which were led
by his pastor. Rev. Dr. McClean, Presbyterian,
assisted by Rev. W. Henry Piatt, Episcopalian,
and Rev. W. G. Ferguson, Methodist, took
place on the 9th of November, 1875. The at-
tendence was large, the court adjourning, and
uniting with the bar in paying respect to the
memory of one who had so long gone in and
out among them.
James Steel, John Todd and John D.
Mahon were admitted to practice at August
term, 1818.
John M. Foster, William Ramsey and
Calvin Blythe were admitted at November
term, 1818.
John Banks, a cousin of Ephraira Banks,
was admitted to the bar in April, 1819. He
practiced at Lewistown a few years, and moved
to Reading, where he became a judge of the
county, and also ran for Governor.
Samuel Alexander was admitted at Janu-
ary term, 1820.
Barton McMullen was admitted at Janu-
ary term, 1822.
Ei'HRAIM Banks was a native of Lost Creek
Valley (now Juniata County) ; was born Janu-
ary 17, 1791. He came to Lewistown in 1817,
and was appointed prothonotary of Mifflin
County in 1818 by Governor Freedley. Atter
studying law, was admitted to practice in 1823;
was a member of the Legislature in 1826—7-8 ;
a member of the Constitutional Convention in
468
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
1837 ; was elected auditor-general of the State
in 1850, and re-elected in 1853. In 1866 he
was elected associate judge of Miiflin County,
which position he held at the time of his death,
in January, 1871.
Abraham S. Wilson, afterwards judge of
the district, was admitted to practice at April
term, 1822.
Andrew Walker and Henry Shifpen
were admitted at August term, 1822.
William Patton and Thomas McDon-
ald were admitted at April term, 1823.
William Maclay Hall was admitted to
practice in April, 1823. He practiced in
Lewistown for a time, and then studied for the
ministry. He entered the Presbyterian Church,
and moved to Bedford County, where his sou,
William M., is judge of the county.
Thomas Knox was admitted at January
term, 1824.
James M. Bell, Thomas Nixon Van-
dyke and John Williamson were admitted
at August term, 1824.
Bond Valentine was admitted at April
term, 1825.
Robert Wallace was admitted at Novem-
ber term, 1825.
E. L. Dunbar was admitted at November
term, 1826.
James Mathers was admitted at August
term, 1827 (see Juniata County).
Robert Fleming was admitted at January
term, 1829.
A. P. Wilson was admitted at January term,
1829.
James Howard Penrose was admitted at
April term, 1830.
Thomas Craighead was admitted at August
term, 1830.
C. W. Kelsoe was admitted at November
term, 1830.
Mathew D. Gregg was admitted at No-
vember term, 1830.
Benjamin Patton, Jr., a native of Lewis-
town, studied law with David W. Hulings, and
was admitted to the bar of Mifflin County in
November, 1830. In October, 1832, he was
appointed United States attorney for the West-
ern District of Pennsylvania, and removed to
Pittsburgh. He now resides in Columbus, Ohio.
Samuel S. Wharton was admitted at April
term, 1831.
James Tracy Hale was admitted at Feb-
ruary term, 1 832.
Edgar B. Todd was admitted at April term,
1832.
John Hoge Waugh was admitted at Au-
gust term, 1832.
William A. Rodgers was admitted at
January term, 1833.
Hamilton Sample was admitted at August
term, 1833 ; practiced at Lewistown a few years
and then removed to Baltimore.
Reuben M. Hale, the second son of Elias
W. Hale, was born at Lewistown October 13,
1812. He studied at Mifflin, Pa., at the mili-
tary academy of Captain A. Partridge, Middle-
town, Conn., and at Yale College two years.
He entered the office of Hon. W. W. Potter,
of Bellefonte, as a law student, and on the 27th
of August, 1833, was admitted to practice in
Centre County. In November following was
admitted to the Mifflin County bar, and re-
moved to Lewistown, his native place, where
he settled, and attained a large practice. In
April, 1853, he was appointed by President
Pierce surveyor of the port of Philaldelphia,
to which place he soon after removed. After
the expiration of his term he practiced in Phil-
adelphia until 1861, when he was appointed
quartermaster-general of the State by Governor
Curtin. His labors in the performance of his
duties were so great that he was attacked by
hemorrhage of the lungs, and died at the resi-
dence of his brother. Dr. E. W. Hale, at Reeds-
ville, Mifflin County, July 2, 1863. He is
buried in St. Mark's Cemetery, Lewistown.
John McGee, James Burnside and Al-
exander GuiNN were admitted at Jaiuiary
term, 1834.
James Vanhorn was admitted at Novem-
ber term, 1834.
Alexander B. Norris was admitted at
April term, 1835.
George W. Harris and Edward Levy,
admitted at August term, 1835.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
4ti9
T. Carrolt> Judson, admitted November
term, 1835.
John P. Anderson, admitted at April term,
1838. He was a son of Alexander A. Ander-
.son, and moved to Huntingdon County.
Thaddeus Banks, admitted August term,
1839.
Edmund S. Doty admitted at November
term, 1839; practiced at Mifflintown.
David Candor came from Northumberland
County, near Watsontown ; studied law, and
settled first as a lawyer in Pottsville. About
1839 he was appointed district attorney of the
county of Mifflin, and moved to Lewistowu,
where he remained in practice until his death,
in the fall of 1870. His son, Addison Candor,
is now an attorney at Williamsport.
Hugh N. McAllister, admitted at January
terra, 1840 ; practiced at Bellefonte.
.John W. Shaw, a native of Lewistown,
studied law with David Candor, and with
Judge John Reed, of Carlisle ; was admitted
at .January term, 1841 j practiced in Lewis-
town for several years, and still resides in the
place, though not engaged in active service.
Ja(,x)b a. Christy, admitted at April term,
1841.
William H. Irvine, studied law with Reu-
ben C. Hale ; was admitted to the bar in August,
1841, and practiced until the Mexican War,
when he enlisted and served. After his return
he practiced until 1861, when he again enlisted
in the late war, and went out as colonel of the
One Hundred and Seventh Regiment. After
his return he settled for a few years at I^ewis-
town, but not to engage in practice, and then
moved to Indiana, and later to Louisville, Ky.,
wliere he died Januaiy 17, 188(5.
Samuel S. Woods and James K. Kelly
were' admitted at May term, 1842.
J. .1. Macl.\y was admittedat January term,
1843.
A. Parker Jacob, a native of Lewistown,
studied law with Andrew Parker, of Mifflin.
He was admitted to practice in January, 1843,
and continued until his death, in 1857.
Thijmas p. Campbell was admitted at April
term, 184.3.
John S. McVey was admitted at May t«rm,
1 843.
Joseph Alexander was a native of Lon-
donderry, Rockingham (bounty, N. H. His edu-
cation was acquired at Cazenovia Seminary,
Madison County, N. Y. In 1833 he came to
Mifflin County and taught school for some time
in the valley, and later came to Lewistown.
being teacher in the Lewistown Academy.
While prosecuting his laboi's as a teacher he
studied law with E. L. Benedict. Was admit-
ted to practice in Union County, and by certifi-
cate was admitted to the Mifflin County bar at
August term, 1843. He was in constant prac-
tice until his death. Was married to a daughter
of James Alexander, of the valley. A son, Ira
Rush Alexander, a graduate of Yale College,
entered the army as captain in the Sixteenth
Pennsylvania Cavalry, and was killed at Mine
Run, Va., November 29, 1863.
John Potter was admitted at November
term, 1843.
J. Sewell Stewart and Paul Comyn were
admitted at January term, 1844.
D. Stewart Elliot, a son of William P.
Elliot, of Lewistown, studied law with a Mr.
Barclay, of Bedford County, and was admit-
ted to practice in Mifflin County in April,
1844. After practicing a short time he went to
Illinois, and from there went to the Mexican
War. After the war he returned to Lewistown,
but in a few years moved to Iowa. During the
Rebellion he enlisted, first with an Iowa regi-
ment and later with the Fourteenth Kansas Cav-
alry. He was killed at Baxter Springs in Oc-
tober, 1863, while carrying dispatches for Gen-
eral Blunt from Fort Smith to Fort Scott. His
son. Lieutenant W. P. Elliot, a graduate of the
Naval Academy at Annapolis, is now on board
the " Galena," with the North Atlantic Squadron.
David Walker Woods, a son of the Rev.
James S. Woods, was born in Lewistown Au-
gust 29, 1822. He was educated at the classical
school taught by his father, and studied law
with his brother, the late Judge Samuel S.
Woods, and also with E. L. Benedict. He was
admitted to practice at tiie bar of Mifflin
County August, 1844, practiced for several
470
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
years at New Berlin, and later removed to
Lewistown, where he yet resides.
Adam W. Benedict was admitted at August
term, 1844.
William D. McVey was admitted at No-
vember term, 1844.
D. Cooper was admitted at August term,
1845.
Thomas Montgomery was admitted at No-
vember term, 1845.
Robert G. Durham was admitted at April
term, 184G.
John Williamson was admitted at Novem-
ber term, 1847.
James Banks was admitted at January term,
1848.
Charles C. Spottswood was admitted at
April term, 1848.
William J. Jacobs was admitted to the bar
of Mifflin County in April, 1848 ; practiced in
Lewistown until 1857, when he removed to
Lake City, Minn., where he died a few years
ago. He was district attorney from 185^3 to
1856.
George W. Elder, a native of Centre
County. After having graduated at Washing-
ton College, he entered the law-office of the
Hon. Hugh N. McAllister, of Bellefonte, as a
student, and, after completing his studies, at-
tended the Law Department of Harvard
University, Cambridge, Mass. He was ad-
mitted to practice at the bar of Mifflin County
at January term of court, 1849, and settled at
Lewistown, where he has been in continuous
practice to the present time. He has two sons
engaged in the practice of law.
Sam0el Hepburn was admitted at July
term, 1849.
George W. Knox was admitted at August
term, 1849.
Edward Blanchard was admitted at No-
vember term, 1849.
William M. Hall was admitted at Novem-
ber term, 1849.
Samuel E. Hench and N. B. Brown were
admitted at January term, 1850.
Joseph W. Parker, a son of James Parker,
of Lewistown, studied law with A. Parker
Jacobs, and was admitted to the bar in April,
1850, after which he went to Peoria, 111., and
practiced a year or two and returned to Lewis-
town. Here he practiced a short time, wlien
he moved to Pittt^burgh, and later to Wheeling,
W. Va. While a resident of Wheeling he was
a member of the State Legislature. He again
returned to Le^vistown, practiced law for
several years, and was a member of the Penn-
sylvania State Legislature from Mifflin County
in 1875-76. He is now a resident of Clearfield
County.
Joseph Carey was admitted at November
term, 1850.
William Davis was admitted at January
term, 1851.
John W. Scott was admitted at November
term, 1851.
G. G. Williams was admitted at November
term, 1851.
William S. Price and George W.
WoLLASTON were admitted at March term,
1852.
Henry J. Walters, a native of Lewistown,
was born September 7, 1812 ; studied law with
E. L. Benedict, and was admitted to practice in
August, 1852. For a time he occupied the
position of an editor, was engaged in the bank-
ing business, and is now in the practice of his
profession.
William W. Barr was admitted at August
term, 1852.
Charles C. Rawn and William W.
Brown were admitted at April term, 1853.
H. Bucher Swoope was admitted in August,
1853.
Andrew Reed, a native of Kishacoquillas
Valley, was a student at the Tuscarora
Academy ; is a graduate of Dartmouth College
and of its Law Department. He also studied
law under Judge McCarthy, of Easton, and E.
L. Benedict, of Lewistown. Was admitted to
the bar in August, 1855, and has continued in
practice to the present.
William C. A. Lawrence was admitted at
August term, 1856.
Lloyd W. Williams and Samuel T.
Brown were admitted at January term, 1857.
Thomas F. McCoy, a native of what is now
Bratton township, was born February 17, 1819.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
471
He was elected prolhoiiotary of" the county in
1850. After moving to Lewistown he com-
menced the study of law under David W.
Woods, Esq., and was admitted to tiie bar in
April, 1857. He has been in constant j)ractice
since his admission, with the exception of the
time spent in the army during the late war.
Geokge S. Seldex and William II.
Woods were admitted at November term, 1857.
CHAP.ALA.N BiDDLE was admitted at January
term, 1858.
Th()>las M. HuLiNtis, a son of David W.
Hulings, studied law with Lloyd W. Williams,
of Baltimore, and was admitted to practice in
that city and also at the Mifflin County bar in
1858. In 1859 he was elected district attorney,
and served until the breaking out of the Re-
bellion, when he enlisted, and served until
killed at the battle of the Wilderness, in May,
1864.
John A. McKee, a native of Lewistown,
was born July 2, 1836; studied law with
Joseph Alexander, and was admitted to the
bar in April, 185'', from which time he has
been in constant practice. He was assessor of
internal revenue from 1871 to 1873.
Thomas M. Uttley was born in Hunting-
don County September 5, 1835 ; entered the
law-office of H. J. Walters, of Lewistown, as a
student, and in August, 1859, was admitted to
practice in Mifflin County, where he still
resides. He was district attorney from 1862 to
1865.
Aaron V. Parsons and Jajies B. Belford
were admitted at April term, 1860.
Cykus T. Alexander was admitted at
January term, 1861.
Jacob Good was admitted at April term,
1861.
William J. Crisswell was admitted at
April term, 1863.
David B. Wilson and Ralph L. Maclay
were admitted at August term, 1863.
David Sterrett was admitted at August
term, 1864.
Thaddeus p. Stephens was admitted at
August term, 1865.
Horace J. Culbertson is a native of
Lewistown, and was born May 25, 1842. His
father was Dr. .lames Culbertson, for many
years a prominent physician of the county. Mr.
Culbertson was educated at the Lewistown
Academy and at Lafayette College. He stu<lied
law with David W. Woods, of Lewistown, and
was admitted to practice at the bar of MifHin
County at the April term of court, 1866. In
November, 1871, he was elected district attor-
ney of the county and served for three years.
Since his admission he has been in constant
practice at Lewistown.
Adam Hoy was admitted at January term,
1867.
Charles J. Arms, a native of New Haven,
Conn., came to Lewistown in 1865, and
entered the law-office of Alexander & McKee
as a student. He was admitted to the bar in
August, 1867, practiced in Lewistown about
one year, and then removed to Philadelphia,
where he is now engaged on the Philadeljihia
Press.
James C. Rakerd M'as born in Menuo
township December 20, 1843 ; studied law with
Andrew Reed, and was admitted to practice in
xVugust, 1867. He is still in active practice. In
1868 he was elected district attorney of Mifflin
County, and served one full term.
John T. Nourse was admitted at August
term, 1868.
B. B. Chamberlain was admitted at Janu-
ary term, 1870.
J. EN(iLiSH West was admitted at January
term, 1870.
G. W. De C'ami" and T. jNIcClure were ad-
mitted at April term, 1871.
Charles S. Marks, a native of the valley,
was born March 10, 1845 ; studied law with
David W. Woods, and was admitted to practice
in April, 1872, and has continued to the
present.
Leavis Potter was admitted at Novemlier
term, 1872.
William H. Strohm, a native of Centre
County ; studied law with Thomas M. Uttley,
and was admitted to the bar in 1873. In 1874
was elected district attorney of Mifflin County.
He later went to Red Cloud, Neb., and was
accidentally killed in 1884.
Rurrs C. Elder, a sou of George W. Elder,
472
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
is a graduate of Princeton College. Studied
law with his father, and was admitted to the
bar of his native county at April term of court,
1877. He at once entered upon the practice of
his profession with his father.
Allison W. Porter was admitted at Janu-
ary term, 1878.
George R. Elder, is a son of George W.
Elder ; graduated at Princeton College, after
which he began the study of law under the
instructions of his father. He was admitted to
the bar in August, 1878, and is now a practic-
ing lawyer at Leadville, Col.
Joseph M. Woods is a son of David W.
Woods. Having graduated at Princeton Col-
lege, he commenced the study of law under the
preceptorship of his father. In November,
1878, he was admitted to the bar of Mifflin
County, since which time he has been practicing
his profession in partnership with his father, at
Lewistown.
Michael McLaughlin studied law with
Joseph W. Parker, and was admitted to practice
in Mifflin County in January, 1881. He is
now located at Mattawana, opposite McVey-
towii.
William C. Davis, studied law with An-
drew Reed; was admitted at August term, 1881,
and went to New York.
Nathaniel C. Wilson, a native of McVey-
town, was born November 17, 1832. In Novem-
ber, 1861, he was elected prothonotary of the
county. Later he was appointed clerk in the
Land-Office at Harrisburg, which position he
held for several years. He studied law with
Andrew Reed, and was admitted to practice at
the bar of Mifflin County in April, 1882.
G. V. Alexander was admitted to practice
in April, 1885.
The following is a list of the president
judges, associate judges, district attorneys and
attorneys of Mifflin County as accurately as
they can be obtained from the records:
PRESIDENT JUDGES.
William Brown, fominissioned November 14, 1789.
Thomas Smith, coiumissioned August 20, 1791.
.Tames Riddle, commissioned August 20, 1795.
Jonathan Walker, commissioned March 1, 1806.
Chiirles Huston, commissioned August 22, 1818.
Thomas Burnside, commissioned April 20, 1826.
George W. Woodward, commissioned March 30,
1841.
Abraham S. AVilson, commissioned March SO, 1842.
Samuel S. Woods, commissioned December 1, 1861.
Joseph C. Bucher, commi.ssioned November 7, 1871.
Joseph C. Bucher, commissioned November, 1881.
ASSOCIATE JUDGES.
William Brown, commissioned August? 17, 1791.
Samuel Bryson, commissioned August 17, 1791.
James Armstrong, commissioned August 17, 1791.
Thomas Beale, commissioned August 17, 1791.
John Oliver, commissioned December 11, 1793.
Joseph Edmiston, commissioned January 4, 1800.
David Beale, commissioned March 17, 1800.
David Reynolds, commissioned November 15, 1828.
James Criswell, commissioned December 22, 1837.
William McCoy, commissioned March 20, 1839.
Samuel P. Lilley, commissioned December 29,
1841.
Joseph Kyle, commissioned February 25, 1843.
Charles Ritz, commissioned February 25, 1847.
Samuel Alexander, commissioned March 18, 1848.
Thomas W. Moore, commissioned November 10,
1851.
John Henry, commissioned November 10, 1851.
.Tames Parker, commissioned November 12, 1856.
Cyrus Stine, commissioned November 12, 1856.
.Tames Turner, commissioned November 23, 1861.
Elijah Morrison, commissioned November 23, 1861.
Ephraim Banks, commissioned November 23, 1866.
William Ross, commissioned November 23, 1866.
Augustus Troxel, appointed January 10, 1871.
Augustus Troxel, elected November 17, 1871.
George Weiler, elected November 17, 1871.
Samuel Belford, commissioned January 1, 1877.
Reed Sample, commissioned January 1, 1877.
John Davis, appointed May 20, 1879.
John Davis, elected January 1, 1880.
William McMonegle, commissioned January 1,
1882.
Jacob Kohler, commissioned January 1, 1885.
Thomas J. Frow, commissioned January 1, 1886.
DISTRICT ATTORNEYS FROM 1850.'
Joseph Alexander, elected in 1850.
William J. Jacobs, elected in 1853.
Andrew Reed, elected in 1856.
Thomas M. Hulings, elected in 1859.
Thomas M. Uttley, elected in 1862-65.
James S. Rakerd, elected in 1868.
Horace J. Culbertson, elected in 1871.
William H. Strohm, elected in 1874.
Rufus C. Elder, elected in 1877.
Joseph M. Woods, elected in 1880.
Allison W. Porter, elected in 1883.
'Previously deputy attoroey-generals of State.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
473
ATTOJINEVS.
James Hamilton, admitted December 8, 1789.
.lohn Clarlc, admitted December 8, 1789.
Thomas Duncau, admitted December 8, 1789.
George Fisiier, admitted December 8, 1789.
Thomas Nisbit, admitted December 8, 1789.
David McKeehan, admitted December 8, 1789.
John Cadwallader, admitted December 8, 1789.
George Dufiield, not given.
David Watts, not given.
Charles Hull, not given.
Thomas Burnside, not given.
Thomas Smith, admitted March, 1790.
•John A. Hannah, admitted March, 1790.
Jonathan Walker, admitted March, 1790.
Thomas Anderson, admitted March, 1790. •
Charles Smith, admitted June, 1790.
Daniel Smith, admitted June, 1790.
Galbraith Patterson, admitted September, 1790.
William Hannah, admitted November, 1796.
Robert McClure, admitted April, 1797.
Richard L. Carmick, admitted April, 1797.
Samuel Roberts, admitted April, 1797.
Ellas W. Hale, admitted May, 1798.
William Laird, admitted August, 1798.
Enoch Smith, admitted December, 1798.
Andrew Graff, admitted January, 1799.
John Carson, admitted August, 1799.
William A. Patterson, admitted August, 1799.
Robert Allison, admitted August, 1799.
John Shij)pen, admitted April, 1800.
Andrew Dunlap, admitted April, 1800.
David Irvine, admitted November, 1800.
John Miles, admitted April, 1801.
James Dunlap, admitted August, 1801.
Thomas Gemmil, .admitted April, 1802.
William Orbison, admitted April, 1802.
John Wallace, admitted May, 1803.
Alexander Lyon, admitted November, 1803.
James Orbison, admitted April, 1805.
Walker Reed, admitted April, 1805.
Isaac Brown Parker, admitted August, 1800.
William Norris, admitted August, 180(5.
William R. Smith, admitted January, 1809.
.John B. Gibson, admitted January, 1810.
George Ross, admitted January, 1811.
A. A. Anderson, admitted August, 1811.
John Johnston, admitted August, 1811.
William W. Potter, admitted May, 1814.
Andrew Carothers, admitted May, 1814.
Daniel S. Houghton, admitted August, 1814.
John Blanchard, admitted April, 1815.
Thomas Blair, admitted January, 1810.
Robert Craig, admitted August, 1817.
Benjamin R. Stevens, admitted November, 1817.
William W. Kennedy, admitted January, 1818.
James McDowell, admitted .A.ugu^t. 1818.
David W. Hulings, admitted .Vugust, 1818.
(iratz Etting, admitted August, Iftl.s.
Mordecai McKinney, admitted August, 1818.
E. L. Benedict, admitted August, 1818.
James Steel, admitted August, 1818.
John Tod, admitted August, 1818.
John D. Mahon, admitted August, 1818.
John Banks, admitted April, 1819.
Samuel Alexander, admitted January, 1820.
Barton McMullen, admitted January, 1822.
Ephraim Banks, admitted April, 1822.
Abraham S. Wilson, admitted April, 1822.
Andrew Walker, admitted August, 1822.
Henry Shippen, admitted August, 1822.
William Patton, admitted April, 1823.
Thomas McDonald, admitted April, 1823.
William Maclay Hall, admitted April, 1823.
Thomas Knox, admitted January, 1824.
James M. Bell, admitted August, 1824.
Thomas Nixon Vandyke, admitted August, 1824.
John Williamson, admitted August, 1824.
Bond Valentine, admitted April, 1825.
Robert Wallace, admitted November, 1825.
E. L. Dunbar, admitted November, 1820.
James Mathers, admitted August, 1827.
Robert Fleming, admitted January, 1829.
A. P. Wilson, admitted January, 1829.
James Howard Penrose, admitted April, 1830.
Thomas Craighead, admitted August, 1830.
Charles W. Kelsoe, admitted November, 1830.
Matthew D. Gregg, admitted November, 1830.
Benjamin Patton, Jr., admitted November, 1830.
Samuel S. Wharton, admitted April, 1831.
James Tracy Hale, admitted in February, 1832.
Edgar B. Todd, admitted in April, 1832.
John Hoge Waugh, admitted in August, 1832.
William A. Rogers, admitted in January, 1833.
Hamilton Sample, admitted in August, 1833.
Reuben M. Hale, admitted in November, 1833.
John McGee, admitted in January, 1834.
James Burnside, admitted in January, 1834.
Alexander Gwinn, admitted in January, 1834.
James Vanhorn, admitted in November, 1834.
Alexander B. Norris, admitted in April, 1835.
George W. Harris, admitted in August, 1835.
Edward Leavy, admitted in August, 1835.
T. Carroll Judson, admitted in November, 1835.
John P. Anderson, admitted in April, 1838.
Thaddeus Banks, admitted in August, 1839.
Edmund S. Doty, .admitted in November, 1839.
Hugh Nelson McAllister, admitted in January, 1840.
John W. Shaw, admitted in January, 1841.
James A. Christy, admitted in .^jiril, 1841.
William H. Irwin, admitted in August, 1841.
Samuel S. Woods, admitted in May, 1842.
James K. Kelley, admitted in May, 1842.
J. J. Maclay, admitted in January, 1843.
A. Parker .Jacob, admitted in January, 1843.
Thomas B. Campbell, admitted in April, 1843.
474
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
John S. McVey, admitted in May, 1843.
Joseph Alexander, admitted in August, 1843.
John Potter, admitted iu November, 1843.
J. Sewell Stewart, admitted in January, 1844.
Paul Comyn, admitted in January, 1844.
D. Stewart Elliott, admittted in April, 1844.
David \V. Woods, admitted in August, 1844.
Adin W. Benedict, admitted in August, 1844.
William D. McVey, admitted in November, 1844.
D. Cooper, admitted in August, 1845.
Thomas Montgomery, admitted in November, 184.5.
Robert G. Durham, admitted in April, 1846.
John Williamson, admitted in November, 1847.
James Banks, admitted in January, 1848.
Charles C. Spottswood, admitted in April, 1848.
William J. Jacobs, admitted in April, 1848.
George W. Elder, admitted in January, 1849.
Samuel Hepburn, admitted in July, 1849.
George W. Knox, admitted in August, 1849.
Edward Blanchard, admitted in November, 1849.
William M. Hall, admitted in November, 1849.
Samuel E. Hench, admitted in January, 1850.
N. B. Brown, admitted in January, 1850.
Joseph W. Parker, admitted in April, 1850.
Joseph Casey, admitted in November, 1850.
William Dorris, admitted in January, 1851.
John W. Scott, admitted in November, 1851.
G. G. Williams, admitted in November, 1851.
William S. Price, admitted in March, 1852.
George W. Wollaston, admitted in March, 1852.
Henry J. Walters,^ admitted in August, 1852.
William W. Barr, admitted in August, 1852.
Charles C. Kawn, admitted in April, 1853.
William W. Brown, admitted in April, 1853.
H. Bucher Swoope, admitted in August, 1853.
Andrew Reed, admitted in August, 1855.
William C. A. Lawrence, admitted in August, 185t).
Lloyd W. Williams, admitted in January, 1857.
Samuel T. Brown, admitted in January, 1857.
Thomas F. McCoy, admitted in April, 1857.
George S. Selden, admitted in November, 1857.
William H. Woods, admitted in November, 1857.
Chapman Biddle, admitted in January, 1858.
John A. McKee, admitted iu April, 1859.
Thomas M. Uttley, admitted in August, 1859.
Anson V. Parsons, admitted in April, 1860.
James B. Belford, admitted in April, 1860.
Cyrus T. Alexander, admitted in January, 1861.
Jacob Good, admitted in April, 1861.
William J. Chriswell, admitted in April, 1863.
David B. Wilson, admitted in August, 1863.
Ralph L. Maclay, admitted in August, 1863.
David Sterrett, admitted in August, 1864.
Thaddeus P. Stevens, admitted in August, 1865.
Horace J. Culbertson, admitted in April, 1866.
Adam Hoy, admitted in .fanuary, 1867.
1 Readmitted August, 1867
Charles J . Arms, admitted in August, 1867.
James S. Rakerd, admitted in August, 1867.
John T. Nourse, admitted in August, 1868.
B. B. Chamberlain, admitted in January, 1870.
J. English West,^ admitted in January, 1870.
G. W. De Camp, admitted in April, 1871.
John T. McClure, admitted in April, 1871.
Charles S. Marks, admitted iu April, 1872.
.Vlbert W. Potter, admitted in April, 1872.
Thomas J. Smith, admitted in August, 1872.
John P. Cronimiller, admitted in August, 1872.
Adolphus F. Alexander, admitted in August, 1872.
Lewis Potter, admitted in November, 1872.
Charles Hower, admitted in August, 1873.
E. s. Murtrie, admitted in November, 1873.
William H. Strohm, admitted in November, 1873.
.lohn B. Kisinard, admitted in April, 1874.
M. M. McNeil, admitted in August, 1875.
R. Bruce Petrikin, admitted in August, 1875.
R. Milton Speer, admitted in August, 1875.
Henry E. Shafer, admitted in August, 1876.
Leonard N. Myers, admitted in August, 1876.
George W. Sigler, admitted iu August, 1876.
Rufus C. Elder, admitted in April, 1877.
George B. Orlady, admitted in April, 1877.
A. M. Pfaler, admitted in April, 1877.
Alfred J. Patterson, admitted in April, 1877.
Louis E. Atkinson, admitted in April, 1877.
Herman H. North, admitted in April, 1877.
Allison W. Porter, admitted in January, 1878.
George R. Elder, admitted in August, 1878.
Joseph M. Woods, admitted in November, 1878.
D. Smith Talbot, admitted in April, 1880.
R. Jones Monaghan, admitted in April, 1880.
P. M. Lytle, admitted in August, 1880.
William A. Sponsler, admitted in November, 1880.
Charles A. Barnett, admitted in November, 1880.
J. H. Junkin, admitted in November, 1880.
Charles J. Mclntire, admitted in November, 1880.
Michael McLaughlin, admitted in January, 1881.
Mason Irwin, admitted in April, 1881.
S. W. Allen, admitted in April, 1881.
CHAPTEK III.
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION.
Biographical Sketclies of Karly and Late Practitioners —
County Medical Societies.
The earliest liistory relative to the practice of
medicine iu this county dates back to the year
1794. At this period there resided in Lewis-
town a physician known as Dr. Buck. His
"Readmitted August, 1877.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
475
place of residence was on the same lot where
now stands the Coleman House. After prac-
ticing for some time at Lewistown, he removed
to Perry County. Shortly after Dr. Buck's
departure his successor appeared in the person
of Dr. John Crekjh, a son of John Creigh, of
Carlisle. Dr. Creigh lived in a house that
formerly stood on the site of the Franciscus
hardware-store. He later moved to Landis-
burg and to Carlisle, and died at the latter
place.
Contemporary with Dr. Creigh was Dii. Wil-
liam Watson He was a son of John Watson,
of Mifflintown, where he practiced a short time ;
removed to Lewistown and remained there until
the year 1806, when he removed to Bedford,
having become interested in the famous springs
located at the latter place. Here he resided the
remainder of his life and upon his death was
succeeded by his son. About 1790, Dr. Ezra
Doty, then a young man, and a physician, came
to Mifflintown from Sharon, Conn., and settled
at that place about 1800. Two younger bro-
thers, Roswell and Southard Doty, also physi-
cians, came to Mifflintown, and soon after settled
in Lewistown, where they engaged in the prac-
tice of their profession. They each married a
daughter of Jarman Jacobs. Dr. Southard
Doty very soon after his settlement was taken
with typhoid fever and died. Dr. Roswell
Doty continued in practice until his death, in
1820. His only child is Mrs. James Parker,
now of Lewistown.
Upon the departure of Dr. Watson, Dr.
Joseph B. Ard commenced practicing at Lewis-
town. He was a son of Joseph Ard, who was
a citizen of Turbett township, Juniata County.
Dr. Ard remained in practice until about 1850.
He afterwards moved to Philadelphia, where, in
1861, at the age of seventy-seven years, he
died. His remains were brought to Jjcwistown,
and were interred in the Methodist Cemetery of
the place. During his practice Dr. Ard was
quite successful, and at the time of his death
had acquired the possession of considerable real
estate in addition to other wealth.
One of the first physicians to settle and prac-
tice in Waynesburg (now McVeytown) was
Elijah Davis, who came to the place about
1810. He was marrietl to Ilosaima, a daughter
of Edward Dougherty. After practicing for
many years Dr. Davis abandoned the profession,
and kept the old tavern on the Diamond. He
died in 1860.
Augustus Clemens Ehrenfeld, i\LD.,
long a practitioner in Armagh townshij), was
born on the 16tli day of May, 1774, at Heil-
bron, Wiirtemberg, in Germany. He was edu-
cated at the Gymnasium (High School) of his
native city, and at Heidelberg, where he gradu-
ated. He was a resident, for at least two
years, at Geneva, in Switzerland, during 1798
and 1799. A passport was issued to him at
Geneva under the authority of the French Re-
public. This passport designated him as a
pharmacist. He was in Italy at the time of one
of Napoleon's wimpaigns and was a volunteer
surgeon at one of the battles. He came to this
country in 1805 and landed at Philadelphia on
the 5th day of August of that year, but did not
intend to make this country his home. He,
however, commenced the practice of medicine
in Philadelphia, but some time afterward he
traveled westward through the State as far as
Lebanon County. He there passed the year
1807, practicing medicine in company with Dr.
Essig, at Fredericksburg (Stumpstown). There
he met Charlotte Catharine Stitzer, who be-
came his wife on the 5th day of January, 1808.
They immediately went to Philadelphia and
began house-keeping with his father, who
died in November, 1809. His marriage and
his father's death set aside all thoughts of
returning to Europe. He then gathered up
what little was left of his father's estate and
continued to practice medicine and surgery in
Philadelphia till November, 1811, when he re-
moved to LebanoTi County. From thence
he moved to Selinsgrove, in Union County,
the following year. In 1817 he located in Mif-
flinburg (same county), from whence he moved
to Adamsburg (same county) in 1822. In
1830 he moved, with his family, into the east
end of Kishacoquillas Valley, in Mifflin
County. He remained there, in the pi-actice
of his profession, till his death.
Dr. Augustus C. Ehrenfeld died January 23,
1839, in the sixtv-fifth vear of his acre. His re-
476
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
mains were buried in the Lutheran burial-
ground at Old Salem Church, in Ai'magh
township, where his widow was laid beside him
in 1868.
Samuel H. Rothrock, M.D., was born in
Dry Valley April 27, 1852, and was raised in
Mifflin County. At the age of seventeen years
he began to teach school. He taught four
terms, after which he attended Kishacoquillas
Seminary and there studied the languages along
with the prescribed course of study. He gradu-
ated in 1877 at that school, after which time
he taught school three terms and studied Ger-
man and read medicine during vacation and all
other spare time during school-terms. He
began the study of medicine in the fall of 1877,
under Dr. Rutz, of Highland, Madison County,
in Illinois. He read till May, 1878, when
he began to read medicine with Dr. A. Roth-
rock. Read with him from May till fall, when
he took the principalshij) of the Milroy schools
and taught two years at that place. He again
read medicine with Samuel Maclay, M.D.,
of Milroy, in 1879 and 1880. (Previous to
that time he read medicine with Dr. A. Roth-
rook, of McVeytowD, as already named.) In
1880 he went to Cincinnati and attended lec-
tures at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and
Surgery, and graduated at that place in March,
1882. Immediately afterward he located in
Reedsville, in Mifflin County, where he still
continues in the practice of his profession.
G. G. Haeman, M.D., was born near Belle-
ville, in Union township, Mifflin County, Pa.,
May 16, 1854 ; acquired his literary education
at the Kishacoquillas Seminary, in Brown
township, and at the Missionary Institute in
Selinsgrove, in Snyder County, Pa. He com-
menced to read medicine with M. F. Hudson,
M.D., of Belleville, Pa., in April, 1877, and
graduated at the Jefferson Medical College of
Philadelphia on the 12th day of March, 1880.
He soon afterward loeated in Allenville, where
he practiced medicine until the spring of 1882,
when he removed to Reedsville, where he still
continues in the active duties of his profession.
In the fall of 1882 he was married to Miss
Eva Smucker, of Mill Creek, in Huntingdon
(]iounty, Pa.
Dr. Joseph Henderson was born in Ship-
pensburg, Cumberland County, August 2, 1791.
His parents Mere Matthew and Margaret H. Hen-
dei'son. His father was a surveyor, and re-
ceived his instructions under Colonel John Arm-
strong. At the age of eleven years Joseph
Henderson removed to Centre County. In the
winters of 1812-13 he attended lectures at Jef-
ferson Medical College, Philadelphia, of which
in.stitution he is a graduate. He also studied
under the instructions of an elder brother, Dr.
John Henderson, of Huntingdon County. It
was while thus attending lectures that he re-
ceived from the Secretary of War the appoint-
ment of first lieutenant in the Twenty-second
Regiment. He opened a recruiting-office, and
in the spring of 1813 marched his troops to
Sackett's Harbor, where they joined the main
army on the frontier. In the fall of 1813 he
was promoted to captain, and in 1814 was bre-
vetted major, MMth the command of a regiment.
During his military career he was engaged in
the battles of Chippewa, Lundy's Lane and the
siege of Fort Erie. After the close of the war
he settled at Brown's Mills, where he continued
in the practice of his profession until 1850.
He then came to Lewistown, and remained a
citizen of the place down to December 25,
1863, when he died from the effects of injuries
received fifty years before at Fort Niagara.
Dr. Henderson was also, during his life, hon-
ored with high civil positions. He was one of
the trustees of the State Lunatic Asylum at
Harrisburg. In 1832 and 1834 he was a mem-
ber of Congress, and became intimately ac-
quaipted with the prominent men of the day,
among whom we would mention Webster, Clay
and Calhoun. As a physician. Dr. Henderson
ranked among the fii'st, and in his practice met
with great success. He was twice married, —
first, to Miss Jane Maclay, a sister of Judge
Maclay. After the death of his first wife he
was married to Miss Margaret Isenberg in
1852. Of this last union, their issue M'ere
James L., Jo.seph and William B.
Dr. Edward Burke Patterson, a native
of Northumberland County, came to Lewistown
.soon after 1812, and began the practice of med-
icine. Here he continued to reside to the time
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
477
of his death, which occurred in 1828. He left
no issue, and is buried in the Presbyterian
Church-yard. He is still remembered by the
older inhabitants as an excellent physician and
a man possessed of a jovial disposition.
Abraham Rothrocic, M.D., was born on
the 19th of April, 180G, in Derry township,
Mifflin County, Pa., and in early youth was
rendered familiar with labor both on the farm
and in the tannery owned and operated by his
rock began his professional labors at McVey-
town, Mifflin County, where he has been
actively engaged in practice for a period of
fifty-five years, and still responds to the calls
of his many patients. From the beginning his
field of labor covered a wide area, his rides
often extending to remote portions of the
county, where his skill and large experience as
an accoucheur and general practitioner rendered
his presence desirable. The largest share of
father. He received a thorough English edu-
cation at home, with additional instruction in
Latin and the sciences at the Lewistown Acad-
emy, after which, in 1826, he began the study
of medicine with Dr. Edmund Burke Patter-
son, of Lewistown, and at his death became a
student in the office of Dr. James Culbertson.
He attended a course of lectures in the fall of
1828-29 at the Medical Department of the
University of Pennsylvania, from which insti-
tution he was graduated in 1835. Dr. Roth-
practice in McVeytown fell to Dr. Rothrock,
thougli much of it has, with the advance of
years, been relinquished. He still responds to
the calls of his early patients, and is frequently
summoned in consultation. He is a member
of the District Medical Society, of the County
Medical Society and of the Pennsylvania State
Medical Society, of which he was first vice-
president in 1878, and has often participated in
discussions before those bodies. During the
late war he was appointed and held the office
478
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
of surgeon of the board of eurollment for the
Seventeenth Congressional District of Pennsyl-
vania. The doctor has, in his political asso-
ciations, been always either a Whig or a
Republican, though never ambitious for official
distinctions. His religious views are in har-
mony with the creed of the Presbyterian
Church, his membership being with the church
of that denomination in McVeytowu, in which
he fills the office of elder. Dr. Rothrock was
married, on the 11th of May, 1837, to Phoebe
Brinton, daughter of Joseph Trimble, of Del-
aware County, Pa. Their children are Joseph
Trimlile, Ann, Amanda H. and Mary Mifflin,
wife of David McFarland, of West Chester, Pa.
Joseph Trimble Rothrock, M.D., was born
April 9, 1839, at McVeytown. After receiv-
ing an academic education, he entered the Law-
rence Scientific School of Harvard University,
and graduated with the degree of " M.D." in
the University of Pennsylvania in 1868. Com-
mencing his jn-actice at Agricultural College,
Centre County, Pa., he removed, in 1870, to
Wilkesbarre, Pa., and remained until 1877,
making a specialty of diseases of the eye and
ear. In 1864-65 he M'as associated with the
exploration .party of the Western Union Tele-
graph Extension in British Columbia, and in
1873 and 1875 was botanist and surveyor to
I^iieutenant Wheeler's expedition. He has been
a member of the Canadian Botanical Society, the
Boston Natural History Society, the Philadelphia
Academy of Natural Sciences and the American
Philosophical Society, and contributed many
valuable papers to medical and botanical liter-
ature. He was one of the founders of the
Wilkesbarre Hospital, and in the summer of
1876 successfully inaugurated a new idea in
education by establishing '' The North Moun-
tain School of Physical C'ulture," in Luzerne
County, for tiie training of youths. He en-
listed during the late war as private in Com-
pany D, One Hundred aud Thirty-first Regi-
ment Pennsylvania Volunteers, was wounded
at Fredericksburg and afterward made captain
of Company E, Twentieth Regiment Pennsyl-
vania Volunteer Cavalry. Dr. Rothrock was,
on the 2d of January, 1877, elected professor
of botany in the University of Pennsylvania.
He was. May 27, 1869, married to Martha,
daughter of Addison and Elizabeth May, of
West Chester, Pa., and has had five children,
two of whom are deceased.
The grandfather of Dr. Abraham Rothrock
emigrated from one of the Rhine provinces to
America, and settled in Bucks County, where
he engaged in farming and remained during
his life-time. His children were eiglit sons
and two daughters, of whom Philip was born
in 1757 in Bucks County, Pa., and removed to
Derry township, Miffiin County, where he fol-
lowed the tanner's trade. He married Martha,
daughter of Abram Labaugh, one of the ear-
liest settlers in the county. Their children were
Joseph, Jonathan, Abraham, Philip, David,
George aud AV^illiam ; also two daughters, who
died in infancy. Philip Rothrock died on the
13th day of October, 1851, and his wife on the
22d of January, 1858.
Dr. John Parshall was practicing in the
county as early as 1815.
Dr. jAMPis M. CoNNELL came to Lewis-
town about 1816, commenced the practice of
medicine, in which he continued until 1845,
when he removed to Ohio, and there died in
1884.
Dr. Alexander Johnson practiced in the
county in 1817.
Dr. Frank Swartz, a German, came to
Lewistown prior to 1821, — probably about
1818. He practiced in the place for many
years, and remained an inhabitant of Lewis-
town to the time of his death. His son. Dr.
J. A. Swartz, practiced for many years in
McVeytowu.
Dr. Andrew P. Linn came to McVeytown
in 1819 from Chambersburg, and practiced
until 1830, when he was succeeded by Dr.
Abraham Rothrock.
Dr. Lewis Horning began practice in
Lewistown in 1821, but remained only a few
years, moving away in 1824.
Dr. Lewis Hoover, a native of Dry Val-
ley, born in Derry township, resided in Lewis-
town, and practiced for a number of years.
He died in 1854.
Samuel SjriTH appears as one of the physi-
cians of Mifflin County in the year 1823.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
479
Dr. J. Cromwell Reynolds was bora in
1810. After studying medicine, he enlisted in
the Seminole War as a surgeon. From 1843
to 1846 he was located and practiced his pro-
fession at McVeytown. He served in the
Mexican War, and on his return settled at
Hurrisburg. He died February 20, 1849, and
is buried in St. Mark's Cemetery, Lewistown.
Alexander McLeod, Christian Swartz,
H. C. Wampler, William Jones and Jacob
Kreider were practitioners in 1833.
cla.ss of Dickinson College, at Carlisle, and was
graduated from that institution in 1824. De-
ciding upon medicine as his profession, and esti-
mating it at its just importance, he determined
to prepare himself thoroughly before under-
taking its various responsibilities. He began
his studies under the preceptorship of Dr. Adam
Hays, of Carlisle, and was graduated from the
Medical Department of the University of Penn-
sylvania on the 6th of April, 1827. After a
period spent in travel. Dr. Culbertson, in 1828,
''Al^
James Culbertson, M.D., was born on the
12th of March, 1803, near Carlisle, in Cumber-
land County, Pa., and having been when a
child deprived of the tender care of his parents,
became a member of the family of his guardian,
Thomas Urie, who resided on the adjoining
farm. With him he remained until twelve
years of age, when his] preparatory collegiate
course was begun at Hopewell Academy, in
Shippensburg, Pa. He entered the sophomore
chose Lewistown as the scene of his professional
labors, and continued actively employed until
his death, on the 30th of March, 1854, being
for three years associated M'ith Dr. Edmund
Patterson, after which he established an inde-
pendent practice. The doctor was a constant
reader, possessed a remarkably retentive mem-
ory, and made himself thoroughly familiar
with the best professional literature of the day.
His field of labor was extended and his prao-
480
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
tice successful. While well versed in the de-
partment of surgery, and skillful in the treat-
ment of disease, he was especially happy as a
diagnostician, and possessed a mind peculiarly
fitted to analyze the nature and tendency of dis-
ease. He loved his calling, and was in hearty
sympathy with every eifort having for its ob-
ject the promotion of the cause of medical
science and the higher interests of the profes-
sion. Pei'sonally, he was remarkable for his
genial temperament, which quickly endeared
him to those with whom he was thrown profes-
sionally in contact. This fact, together with
his abilities, rendered his presence much de-
sired in consultation. Dr. Culbertson, aside
from his medical studies, gave much time and
thought to the sciences of geology and miner-
alogy, and was a constant contributor to the
medical and scientific joui-nals of the day. He
was a member of the Geological Society of
Pennsylvania, and of the Mifilin County Med-
ical Society, of which he was president at the
time of his death.
The latter society on that occasion passed the
following resolutions :
" Resolved, That in the decease of our late friend
and fellow- citizen, Dr. James Culbertson, the profes-
sion has lost an able practioner; bis medical asso-
ciates, a judicious adviser ; the sick and afflicted, an
attentive physician and sympathizing friend, and
society, generally, an exemplary member, whose ur-
banity and gentlemanly deportment had endeared
him to a large circle of friends and acquaintances.
" Resolved, Th^it we sincerely sympathize with his
bereaved family in their irreparable loss.
" Resolved, That membei's of this society attend his
funeral April 2d at two o'clock p.m.
"Resolved, That members of the society, as a mark
of respect for the memory of the deceased, wear the
usual badge of mourning for thirty days»
" Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be
published in the local country papers, and a copy pre-
sented to the family of deceased."
Dr. Culbertson was a Whig in his political
convictions, and, although decided on questions
of public policy, never aspired to offi«e. His
religious belief was in harmony with the creed
of the Presbyterian Church, of which he later
in life became a member. He was identified
with the interests of Lewistown, and filled,
among other offices, those of trustee of the Lew-
istown Academy and the Lewistown Bank. Dr.
Culbertson was, on the 3d of July, 1839, mar-
ried to Mary, daughter of Robert Steel, a na-
tive of Lewistown, associated by early family
history with the State of Delaware. Their
children are William A., born May 29, 1840,
died October 4, 1843, and Horace J., born
May 25, 1842, an attorney in Lewistown, who
pursued his preparatory studies at the Lewis-
town Academy, entered the sophomore class of
Lafayette College in September, 1859, and
began the study of law in 1864. He was ad-
mitted to the bar in April, 1866, and filled the
office of district attorney of Mifilin County
h from November, 1871, to January, 1875.
The grandfather of Dr. Culbertson, who was
of Scotch-Irish descent, was William Culbert-
son, who resided in Cumberland County, Pa.,
where he became, in 1771, the purchaser of six
hundred acres of land, a portion of which is
.still held by his great-grandson. Among his
children was Samuel, a native of Cumberland
Count}', where he was a prosperous farmer, a
member of the Supreme Executive Council, an
exemplary citizen, an elder in the Silver Spring
Presbyterian Church and a man of large influ-
ence and usefulness. His death occurred in
1807. His two .sons were William and James,
the latter the subject of this biography.
Dr. L. G. Snowdkn practiced in 1835. He
came to McVeytown, located as a physician and
remained until 1843.
Dr. Charles Bowek, a native of Union
County (now Snyder), settled at Newton Ham-
ilton in 1838 and practiced until the Mexican
War, when he enlisted as a lieutenant. After
the war he returned to the place and resumed
practice. He continued in active practice until
the War of the Rebellion, when he again entered
the service as assistant surgeon. In this last
service he remained until the close of the war,
advancing to the position of medical director
of corps. After the war he settled at Harris-
burg, and died about 1870. Prior to 1850
Mr. Bower was a member of the State Legis-
lature.
Dr. Peter Ahle practiced in the county in
1811. Dr. James Forster also practiced at
this period.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
481
Thomas Van Valzah, M.D., was born
December 23, 1793, at Buffalo Cross-Roads,
Union County, Pa. He received his classical
education from the Rev. Thomas Hood, who
instructed students from the neighborhood.
His preparatory course in medicine was ob-
tained under the immediate direction of his
father, a successful physician of extensive
practice. Dr. Van Valzah was a surgeon in
the army in the War of 1812, at the early age of
well fitted for his profession. He had a charm
and kindliness of manner that inspired the pa-
tient with confidence and sympathy, and his
presence in the sick-room was often of itself a
medicine and restorative to the invalid. He
never waived the call of the poor and his ser-
vices were freely liestowed to needy sufferers.
He was an able physician, and, aside from his
local practice, was often called abroad for con-
sultation, prescription and surgery. He kept
(^Z^^ /l-...^'^^ ^!.^^
twenty years, and afterwards graduated at the
University of Pennsylvania in 1818. He en-
tered on the practice of his profession in Lewis-
burgh, near the place of his birth, and steadily
advanced in a career of success. In 1837 he
moved to Freeport, 111., and returned to Penn-
sylvania in 1842, and resumed his professional
labors at Lewistown, where he remained until
his death, having been in the active exercise of
his profession for fifty-eight years.
Dr. Van Valzah was by nature and education
31
himself well read in medical works and was
always abreast of the progress of medical
science. He excelled as a surgeon, was a rapid
and skillful operator. The first case of Csesarian
operation in this country was performed by
Drs. Dougal and Van Valzah in 1827, in
Northumberland County, Pa., and is reported
in the Amencan Journal of Mediccd Sciences,
1835, page 3-13.
The first high operation for lithotomy in
Amei'ica was performed by Dr. Gibson, of
482
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Philadelphia; the second by Dr. Carpenter, of
Lancaster ; and the third by Dr. Van Valzah,
of Lewisburgh. Gibson's Surgery, vol. ii., page
244, edition of 1849, refers to the successful
operations of these eminent physicians.
The second successful high operation in
America for lithotomy was performed by Dr.
Van Valzah.
The doctor delighted to dispense hospitality,
and at his house his friends loved to congregate
to receive a welcome and enjoy generous enter-
tainment. He was kind, dignified and consid-
erate of the rights and feelings of others. His
long white beard, bright eyes and cheerful
countenance gave him an attractive and patri-
ai'chal appearance.
Dr. Van Valzah was married, February 3,
1820, to Harriet Howard, of Union County,
Pa. They had eight children. A daughter
died in infancy, a son in his youth, and two
sons, Robert and John, in manhood, in Free-
port, 111., both physicians, the latter from dis-
ease contracted at the siege of Vicksburg, while
surgeon in the armj'. His wife died January
25, 1870. Two sons, two daughters and three
grandchildren survived him, — David, a captain
in the army ; Thomas Howard, a practicing
physician in Lewistown, residing with his sister;
JSIary E. Jacob and her daughter; and Jennie
H. Parker and two daughters, of Mifflintown,
Pa.
Dr. Van A^alzah died May 6, 1870, in the
seventy-seventh year of his age, at his home, in
full possession of his faculties, of pleuro-pneu-
mouia, contracted during a visit to Washington.
His death was much lamented, and at the time
of his funeral all places of business were closed
as a public testimonial of respect to his memory.
Samuel Maclay, M.D., a son of Wm. P.
Maclay, was born in Union township, Mifflin
County, Pa., on the 5th day of October, 1803.
He graduated from Dickinson College, Carlisle,
July 6, 1825. He read medicine with Joseph
Henderson, M.D., in 1825 to 1828. He graduat-
ed in the Medical Department of the University
of Pennsylvania March 21, 1829 ; practiced med-
icine in Lewistown from 1829 to 1833, at which
time he moved to Milroy, and has continued
there ever since in the practice of his profession.
except one year, from April, 1871, to April,
1872, during which time the doctor and his
family lived in Virginia.
Samuel Maclay, M.D., Jr., a son of Sam-
uel Maclay, a cousin of Samuel Maclay, M.D.,
Sr., read medicine with Joseph Henderson,
M.D., and graduated at the Medical Depart-
ment of the University of Pennsylvania, and
came to Milroy in 1839, and attended to Sam-
uel Maclay, Sr.'s, practice during his visit in
foreign countries. Samuel Maclay, Jr., left
Milroy in 1843 and went to the Western States ;
he died in Cincinnati in 1851.
George Vance Mitchell, M.D., was
born in Oliver township, Mifflin County, Pa.,
on the 10th day of April, 1811. During his
infancy his mother died, and in a few years
afterward his father died also. He was then
cared for by his uncle and guardian. Judge
Criswell, who gave direction to his literary and
scientific pursuits. He commenced the study of
medicine in 1830, in the office of Dr. O. Friel,
a young pliysician who had acquired a high
reputation as an oculist. In the year 1831 he
entered the office of A. Rothrock, M.D., for the
purpose of pursuing his studies of medicine.
During his time in that office he manifested
more than ordinary aptitude in acquiring correct
ideas in the various departments of medicine.
He attended lectures in Jeiferson College in
Philadelphia, and in the year 1834 he gradu-
ated. Soon afterward he commenced the prac-
tice of medicine in Belleville, in Mifflin County,
Pa., and remained at that place until 1841,
when he removed a few miles ea.stward to
Kishacoquillas, in a new and well-arranged
house, with office attached, built expressly for
him by his father-in-law. He was married, the
24th day of October, 1837, to Miss Elizabeth
R. Taylor, a daughter of a wealthy and highly-
respected farmer. By this marriage they raised
two sons and three daughters. During his pro-
fessional life he lived in the beautiful and fertile
valley of Kishacoquillas, which is peopled with
wealthy and industrious farmers. Being located
in the country made his field of labor a hard
one.
As a practitioner he was eminently successful
in all the departments of the healing art. He
■®V ^iKfA H-RUcfat-
y/^^yr^^
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
483
■was a studious reader, keeping fully abreast
with all the discoveries or improvements as re-
ported ill the periodical journals or new medi-
cal books. During his professional labors he
was often called upon to meet with his profes-
sional brethren to join in consultation upon im-
portant or obscure cases. In his deportment
there was such a caste of refinement that on his
entering the sick-chamber his manner and sym-
pathy for his suffering patient made him always
a welcome visitor. During the War of the Re-
bellion he tendered his services to the United
States government, and on the 26th day of No-
vember, 1862, he was appointed assistant sur-
geon, which position he accepted, and in one
month afterward he was promoted to surgeon
in the One Hundred and Seventy- seventh Reg-
iment Pennsylvania Infantry, where his services
were highly appreciated by the soldiers as well
as by the medical staff under whom he served.
He was a consistent and influential member of the
Presbyterian Church. He enjoyed a life of un-
usual good health until within a few months of
his death, when general debility made inroads
upon his constitution and he became admonished
by failing strength to seek relief by rest and
appropriate remedies. A few weeks before his
death he was suddenly stricken down with an
attack of softening of the brain, from which
time he began to sink, until the 20th day of
July, 1876, when he departed in j)eace.
Thomas A. Worrall, M.D., was born in
the borough of Lancaster, Lancaster County,
Pa., from which he removed to Philadelphia
and subsequently to Baltimore. His education
was principally obtained in the latter cities, an
academic course having been pursued in Phil-
adelphia and concluded in Baltimore. He early
chose the law as a profession, and began his
studies with one of the eminent members of the
bar of that day, but eventually abandoned it for
a medical course, which he pursued at the Jef-
ferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and fin-
ished in 1837 at the Washington Medical
College, Baltimore, from which he was gradu-
ated. During this course of study he had charge
of the City Small-pox Hospital, and won many
commendations from the faculty for his assidu-
ous devotion to duty. Possessing a cultivated
literary taste and wielding a ready pen, he began
to write at the age of sixteen, and meanwhile
contributed frequently to the magazines of the
day, being from time to time the editor of sev-
eral papers. During the whole of his active
life he devoted much time to literary pursuits,
and left, on his death, the manuscript copy of
the following poems : " Alzarah," " Malek " and
" Gomer, the Reborn of the Nineteenth Cen-
tury," which will, at iiodistant dale, be published
by his family. Dr. Worrall in 1838 removed
to Lewistovvn and opened an office in the old
stone building located on the corner of Brown
and Market Streets, since demolished. From
that date until a short time prior to his death
he continued in active practice of a general
character. His skill as a surgeon and correct
judgment as a diagnostician at once gave him a
leading place among the physicians of the
county, and made his counsel in adjacent counties
much sought after. Having made diseases of
the eye a special study, he also obtained an en-
viable reputation as an oculist. In 1852 the
doctor married Miss Lizzie Ker, only daughter
of Rev. Joshua Moore, of Norristown, Pa.
Their children are a son, Clarence Augustus,
who married Ada C. Worrall, of Philadelphia,
and a daughter, Florence Garnet, who died in
youth. Dr. A\'orrall offered his services to the
government during the late war, was appointed
brigade surgeon by President Lincoln on the
26th of December, 1861, commissioned by Gov-
ernor Curtin May 6, 1862, and was placed in
charge of the hospital at Alexandria, Ya. In
the spring of 1863 he was ordered to the De-
partment of the Army of the Tennessee, and
assigned to duty at Yicksburg under General
Grant. He was then orderetl to report at Grand
Gulf, La., where his duties were exceedingly
arduous, and later at Yicksburg and Nashville,
Tenn. He was afterward stationed at Alton,
111., and in the fall of 1864 he was assigned to
hospital service in ^Maryland, from whence he
assumed charge of the hospital at Riker's Island,
N. Y., containing five thousand patients. His
resignation was accepted iu the spring of 1865.
Dr. Worrall possessed strong political convic-
tions, and was among the earliest advocates of
the doctrine of Abolition, which received from
484
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
him practical aid as one of the leaders of the
party in the county. He afterward allied him-
self to the Whig and Republican parties, and
although at one time chief burgess of the boi'-
ough of Lewistown, usually declined all jjolitioal
honors. His religious views were in harmony
with those of the Society of Friends, of which
he was a member, and his ready -pen was fre-
quently devoted to religious themes. The death
of Dr. Worrall occurred on the 30th of October,
1877.
The ancestors of Dr. Thomas Augustus Wor-
rall are traced back to 1066 in a direct line to
Sir Hubert de Worrall, a chieftain and knight
who, with several sons and grandsons, accom-
panied William, Duke of Normandy, from
France, and was engaged in the battle of Hast-
ings, in which sanguinary fight three of the sons
were slain. One grandson saved the life of
Richard Coeur de Lion, and only for the pru-
dence and courage of young Worrall the King
would have perished in an ambuscade artfully
prepared for him by the infidels. Sir Hubert
was ennobled by William and erected, by permis-
sion, a stately palace in Northumberland, four
miles from Morpeth. Large estates were given
him in Northumberland, and the ruins of the
old castle, or homestead, are still to be seen there.
Richard Cosur de Lion, highly appreciating Sir
Hubert's conduct on this occasion, conferred ad-
ditional honors upon the family. Their arms
were, " Three lions en passant," and the motto,
" Fortitudine et Pruclentia." A branch of the
family went to Ireland, under Henry II., and
again a certain Sir William Worrall took estates
in Ireland under Charles I., and this branch of
the family has its living representatives in the
children of John, the son of John, the son of
John, who was the son of James Worrall.
The main branch of tlie family remained in
England, but their title passed or decayed, and
they mixed with the commonalty.
A Margaret Worrall was the grand-aunt of
Dean Swift and also of the poet Dryden, the
former having lived several years prior to his
death with Dr. Worrall, of Dublin. The grand-
fatiier of Sheridan was a near neighbor and
associate of these two. Two immense fortunes
have been lost by its carelessness of records —
one reverted to Trinity College, Dublin, the
otiier escheated to the crown.
Hon. Septimus Worrall now holds a place
about the courts of Queen Victoria. John,
great-grandfather of our subject, was a lineal
descendant of Sir Hubert de Worrall, and was
known as " John Worrall, of Wales." He emi-
grated from Wales with William Penn, having
married Sarah Goodwin, of London. Upon ar-
riving in Philadelphia he took up a tract of
land where Market Street now is, and an estate
in New Jersey of two thousand acres. He final-
ly settled in Middletown, Delaware County,
Pa., and took up an estate of five hundretl acres.
The Middletown Quaker Meeting-house and
school-house are located on this tract. His wife
died while on a visit to Ireland with other mem-
bers of the Society of Friends' Meeting, and was
buried tliere. This John had three sons, — Peter,
Jolin and Thomas,— and Thomas had a son
George, who was born in 1769 at the family
stone mansion, Middletown, and married Jane,
daughter of Joseph and Mary Dawson Sermon,
of Philadelphia, by whom he had seven sons and
tliree daughters, — George, Isaac, Charles, Rich-
ard, Joseph, Horatio, Dr. Thomas Augustus,
Matilda, Jane and Mary. His death occurred
at Lewistown, Pa., March 27, 1845. All the
children lived to have families. Five of the
sons studied medicine, four of whom graduated.
Isaac and Thomas Augustus were very success-
ful practitioners, and three of these brothers
also served with credit in the late Rebellion.
Dr. Thomas Augustus is the subject of this
sketch, and took his name from his grandfatiier.
The writer is indebted to Miss Mamie Bailey,
adopted daughter of Dr. Worrall, for the facts
herein noted.
Benjamin Berry, M.D., practiced medi-
cine in Milroy in August, 1830 ; was there
about two years. Nothing is learned of his his-
tory as to education or medical school from
which he graduated. From Milroy he moved
to Centre County, near Centre Furnace, and
remained there till his death.
John Morrison, M.D., graduated in one
of the Philadelphia medical schools, probably
the University of Pennsylvania. He practiced
medicine in Milroy from 1832 to 1834, at
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
465
which time he left that place and went to
Bucks County, where he died several years
afterward.
The first dootor in Belleville was a Dr. Cook;
after him came Dr. Westhoven, and about 1 830
came Dr. Eliphaz Bigelow, who remained till
about 1858, when his nephew, Dr. William G.
Bigelow, came, who remained until 1871, after
which came Dr. Jacob K. Metz, who remained
about two vears.
John, Lewis, who died in youth, and one
daughter. John Metz was born about the year
1785 in Lancaster County, and accompanied
his parents on their removal to Huntingdon,
and subsequently to Petersburg. He entered
the office of Dr. Beard, of Manheim, Lancaster
County, as a student of medicine, and, on com-
pleting his studies, engaged for a short time in
practice at that point. After a residence of
seven years in Petersburg he removed to Brady
Jacob K. Metz is of German parentage.
His grandfather, whose name was, so far as is
known, John Metz, emigrated from the Father-
land and settled in Lancaster County, from
whence he removed to Huntingdon, Pa., and
became the popular landlord of the place. His
residence was again changed to Petersburg, in
the same county, where he was both a saddler
and farmer, and finally Ohio became his home,
where his death occurred. His children Mere
township, Huntingdon County, which continued
for a period of sixty yeare to be his home. His
deatii occurred in 1874 in Peterebnrg. He was
married to Fanny Keyser, whose children are
John K., INIaria (wife of Jacob Shatfuer), Henry
K., Samuel K., Jonathan K., Elizabeth (wife
of John Baum), Jacob K. and Frances (wife of
George P. Wakefield).
Jacob K., the subject of this biographiail
sketch, was born on the 16th of August, 1825,
486
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
in Brady townshij), Huntingdon County, Pa.
He was early taught the value of labor, and
many demands were made upon his time and
strength in the work of the farm. Having,
however, a higher purjjose in view, he resolved
to master a profession, and at the age of twenty-
two began the study of medicine with his father,
concluding his course at the Jefferson Medical
College, in Philadelphia, from which he was
graduated March 7, 1852. At once entering
into copartnership with his father, he speedily
. became interested in a large and successful
practice. He was, on the 7th of May, 1857,
married to Ann, daughter of John Carver, of
Huntingdon County. Their children are
Frances (wife of Howard Cunningham), Jane
E. (deceased), Mary K., Harry W. and Maggie
G. (twins) and John P. Mrs. Metz died July
16, 1876, and he was again married, June 9,
1881, to Barbara A. King, daughter of David
M. Zook, of Menno township, where he still
resides. Dr. Metz, though still a practitioner,
after years of severe labor, when the largest
share of the practice of the locality fell to his
lot, has relinquished the arduous work of the
profession. A Democrat in his political senti-
ments, he is not an active worker in the field of
politics, and cares nothing for the honors of
ofBce.
In 1873, Dr. Eliphaz C. Bigelow, another
nephew of the first Eliphaz Bigelow, located
there and remained to the time of his death, in
1882. In the fall of 1882 came Dr. Brown A.
Bigelow, son of the first Dr. Eliphaz Bigelow,
who is a practicing physician at Belleville at
the present time (1885).
M. T. Mitchell, M.D., graduated at the
Medical Department of the University of Penn-
sylvania in the month of March, 1840. He
came to Milroy and began the practice of medi-
cine in 1840. He remained there until the time
of his death, which was in March, 1860.
Dr. JoHX C. IlHEASt (Thompsonian) prac-
ticed medicine in Upper Milroy for several
years. He was there in November, 1846, and
moved some time afterward to Pleasant Gap, in
Centre County, where he estiiblished a Thomp-
sonian resort.
Dr. Samuel Smith, studied medicine under
Dr. Joseph B. Ard, and began practice in Lewis-
town about 1840. After continuing a few years,
he removed to Pittsburgh, where he died about
188.3.
Dr. Elias W. Hale, studied under the
instructions of Dr. Joseph B. Ard. Practiced
in Lewistown a few years, and removed to near
Reedsville. About 1865 he moved to Belle-
fonte, where he still resides.
Dr. Reinhold, a German physician of the
homoeopathic school, came to this country about
1840. After a time he settled in Juniata County,
the first of the school to settle in the county.
He remained there several years, and then moved
to Lewistown. After practicing a few years at
the latter place, he finally removed to Williams-
port, where, after pi-acticiug many years, he
died.
Drs. Severus and Albert S. Cummings,
came to Lewistown from Middleburg, Union
County (now Snyder), about 1848. Severus
practiced till his death by an accident, October
29, 1863. Dr. Albert moved to Sunbury a
year or so before his brother's death, but after
the accident returned to Lewistown, remained
about a year and finally settled at Sunbury.
In 1849, Dr. J. A. Swartz, a son of Dr.
Frank Swartz, of Lewistown, studied medicine
with his father and began practice in his native
town. After he graduated at Jefferson ]\Iedi-
cal College, Philadelphia, he became a resident
of McA^eytown, where he continued his practice
until 1884. He is now in one of the depart-
ments at Washington, D. C.
Dr. J. B. Mitchell, practiced at Lewistown
in 1850. He also conducted a drug-store.
Dr. A. W. Mass, a native of Juniata County
came to Lewistown, and studied with Dr.
Joseph Ard. Having graduated at Phila-
delphia, he began practice in Lewistown in
1851. Here he remained six years, when he
removed to Philadelphia.
Dr. Geor<;e Hoover, studied medicine with
his uncle, Dr. Lewis Hoover, and graduated at
the Medical College of Philadelphia about 1855.
He settled at Lewistown, where he practiced
until his death, in February, 1875.
Dr. David D. Mahon settled in Newton
Hamilton in 1861, soon after Dr. Chas. Bower
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
487
joined the army. He practiced until 1865,
when lie was succeeded by liis son, Dr. J. T.
Mahou, who is still in practice.
John I. Marks, M.D., was born in Lewis-
town on the 9th day of April, 1820. He re-
ceived his primary and preparatory education at
the Lewistown Academy and at Tuscarora
Academy, in Juniata County. He graduated at
JefiFerson College, in Cannonsburg, Pa., in June,
1846. He read medicine witli Thomas Van-
valzah, M.D., and T. A. Worrali, M.D., both
of Lewistown. He graduated at the Pennsyl-
vania Hospital January 6, 1855. He prac-
ticed medicine, first, in Lewistown two years,
second, in Lockhaven two years ; he then re-
turned to I^ewistown and practiced medicine in
tliat place until he moved to Milroy, where he
jiracticed medicine two years. The Civil War
then commenced and he went to the army with
the three months' men as a surgeon in the
Seventy-eighth Regiment. When the three
months had expired he came home and re-
mained a short time. He again returned to the
army in 1864, and was assigned to the One
Hundred and Fifth Regiment Pennsylvania
Volunteers. Afterwards he was assigned to the
Seventy-eighth Regiment Pennsylvania Vol-
unteers. Owing to ill health he came home
and remained tiiere until he recovered ; he then
went back to the array and was assigned to
the Eighteenth Regiment of Pennsylvania Cav-
alry as surgeon. This was about three months
before the close of the war. He became severely
sick and was compelled to leave the army for
home. After his recovery he again resumed the
practice of medicine, and continued to practice
in Lewistown until the time of his death. He
died January 12, 1882. During the last two
years of his life he was too frail to practice.
Samuel Lewis Alexander, M.D., was
born in Armagh township, Mifflin County,
August 15, 1834. In 1838 his parents moved
to Penn's Valley, in Centre County, where he
received a liberal freesciiool education. In
1851 he entered Dickinson Seminary, in Wil-
liamsport, Pa., where he remained until the
California gold fever of 1852, then at its
height, took possession of his boyish fancy, and,
in comjjany with several friends, he took the
" overland route " to the then far-away land of
gold. He remained in California, working in
the gold-mines and merchandising, for tin'ce
years, when he thought his dreams of wealth
had been sufficiently realized to warrant a re-
turn to his home in the East. He consequently
sailed from San Francisco, intending to come by
the way of Cape Horn, but was only out twenty-
four hours when the steamer upon which he
had taken passage was wrecked by running on
a bar, and many of the passengers were lost in
the ocean. He was picked up by a vessel and
taken back to San Francisco, stripped of all the
wealth he had accumulated during his three
years' toil on the Pacific coai^t. After his re-
turn home he read medicine with J. P. Wilson,
then a distinguished physician of Centre County.
In 1857 he entered the Jefferson Medical Col-
lege of Philadelphia, and graduated at that in-
stitution in 1859. He married Miss ^lary
Louise Noblet, of Philadelphia, and located at
Milroy, in ]Mifflin County. He there began
to practice medicine, and soon acquired a
large and lucrative practice. The Civil War
then broke out in all its fury, and the calls of
his country aroused his patriotism to such an
extent that in July, 1861, he entered the army
as first assistant surgeon, and was assigned to
the First Pennsylvania Reserve Volunteer
Cavalry (Forty-fourth Regiment). On Novem-
ber 25th his regiment was detailed to capture
some rebels then at Drainsville, Va., and on
their return to headquarters he was shot by a
rebel hid in ambush. The orderly sergeant
(William Wagner), who was with him at the
time, held him on his horse until they reached
a farm-house, a short distance farther on their
way, whei'e they stopped only long enough to
get a conveyance, upon which the doctor was
placed and taken to camp. They arrived at
camp in the after-part of the night or early in
the morning. He breathed his last soon after-
■ward. He died November 27, 1861.
Isaac P. Neff, M.D., was born in Penn's
Valley, Centre Coiuity, January 23, 1833,
about two miles west of where Centre Hall now
stands. He attended school at Dickinson Sem-
inary, in Williamsport, and at Pennsylvania
College, in Centre County. He read medicine
488
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
with his brother, Peter D. Neff, M.D., in 1857
and 1858 ; graduated at the JeiFerson Medical
College, Philadelphia, in March, 1859, after
attending two full courses of lectures. He com-
menced the practice of medicine at Nittany
Hall in April, 1859, and on the 27th of the fol-
lowing May he moved to the lower end of
Penn's Valley, ^nd practiced medicine in
Aaronsburg and vicinity until September, 1865,
when he relinquished the practice and entered
upon the study of theology. In October, 1866,
he moved to Milroy, in Mifflin County, and
there resumed the practice of medicine, and
continued in the same until March, 1868. At
that time he received and accejjted a call from
the Evangelical Lutheran pastorate of Liberty
Valley, in Tioga County, Pa. He married
there, and has been in the active work of the
ministry ever since.
F. S. KoHLEE, M.D., was born at Milroy,
Mifflin County, December 18, 1836. He re-
ceived his primary education in the common
schools of that place. He engaged in the busi-
ness of clerking at various places, viz. : Centre
Hall, Bellefonte and Lewistown, at which latter
place he studied Latin and the higher mathemat-
ics under the private tutorship of Professor I.
J. Stine, with a view of preparing himself for
the study of law. In 1857 he went to Phila-
delphia, and there became acquainted with a
number of medical students, who turned his at-
tention from the law to medicine. He then
studied medicine and graduated from the Eclec-
tic College in 1860. He located at E-eedsville
and engaged in the practice of medicine, and
entered the army as assistant surgeon of the
Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry in February,
1865, and was discharged in August of the same
year, when the war closed. He again resumed
the j)ractice of medicine in Recdsville, and con-
tinued there until the fall of 1872. In the mean
time the college at which he had graduated met
with reverses, and was finally disbanded. Not
wishing to incur the ostracism of his professional
brethren, as an alumnus of a defunct medical
college, in the fall of 1872 he entered the Med-
ical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati, and gradu-
ated with the class in March, 1873. He then
located at Vevay, in Indiana. That region
being malarial, he practiced there several years,
when he discovered that his health began to
fail. In 1880 he sought the Rocky Mountains
and located at Morgan City, in Utah, where he
established a medical school, and is now en-
gaged in j)racticing and teaching medicine.
Chaeles S. Huelbut, M.D., is descended
from English stock, the earliest representatives
of the family having, on their emigration, settled
in Connecticut, from whence a branch removed
and located in the Wyoming Valley, Pa. In
the line of descent from the latter was Chris-
toplier, grandfather of Dr. Hurlbut, who re-
sided in Steuben County, N. Y. His children
were James, Christopher, John and several
daughters. John, whose birth occurred in the
Wyoming Valley, when a youth removed to
New York State, where he married Priscilla,
daughter of William Sharp, of Staten Island,
N. Y. Their children are Edward, William,
John, Charles S., Elizabeth (wife of Rev. Mr.
Woodcock), Abigail, Mary (wife of Rev. T. M.
Hodgman) and IMartha. Charles S. Hurlbut
was born February 9, 1826, in Steuben County,
N. Y., where the early years of his life w;ere
spent. He received a classical education at the
Alfred University, located at Alfred Centre,
Allegany County, N. Y., and choosing the
pi'ofessiou of medicine as that most congenial to
his tastes, began his studies with Dr. Dimmick,
of Burns, Allegany County, N. Y., afterward
concluding them with Dr. W. S. Babbitt, of
Olean, N. Y., and graduating from the Univer-
sity of Buffalo, at Buffalo, N. Y., in 1852. Im-
mediately after he accepted a partnership with
his preceptor. Dr. Babbitt, at Olean, and con-
tinned this association for several years, ulti-
mately controlling the practice on the removal
of the latter to Lockport, N. Y. Being espe-
cially interested in surgeiy, most of the surgical
cases in the vicinity came under his direction,
which, together with an extensive general prac-
tice, rendered his labors both arduous and
responsible. Here he remained until 1867,
when Lewistown offered an attractive field, and
has since been his home, as also the scene of suc-
cessful professional labor until the present time.
Dr. Hurlbut is a member of the Mifflin County
Medical Society and of the Juniata Valley
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
489
Medical Society, in both of which he manifests
aQ active interest. A Republican in his political
sympathies, he is not a partisan, and has in-
variably declined all proffers of office. His re-
ligions creed is in harmony with that of the
Presbyterian Church, of which he is a member.
The doctor was, on the 15th of October, 1868,
married to Mary C, only daughter of Arthur
B. and Anna Eliza Long, of Lewistown.
G. N. Harcy, M.D., graduated in the Hun-
garian University, in Hungary. After practic-
ing medicine in Lewistown and Lilleyville, in
Mifflin County, he moved to Siglerville, in
Armagh township, in the month of September,
1859. He continued to practice medicine in
that place until August, 1862. He then moved
to Huron County, in the State of Ohio, where
lie still remains in the practice of his profession.
Dr. Thomas C. Thomas (eclectic) came to
Milroy from somewhere in the neighborhood of
Pine Grove, in Centre County, some time in
1862, and practiced medicine in that place until
some time in 1865. He then moved away.
SoLOMOX F. Wehr, M.D., was born in
Union County, Pa., near New Berlin. At-
tended lectures in Philadelphia at a medical
college in Spruce Street. He practiced medi-
cine in Madisonburg, in Centre County, and
came to Milroy in the spring of 1863, and
practiced medicine until the 1st day of April,
1866, at which time he moved from Milroy.
Abraham Harshbarger, M.D., was born
in Potter towusliip, Centre County, on the
12th day of December, 1810. He read med-
icine with T. A. Worrall, M. D., in Lewistown,
INIifflin County, in 1841 and 1842. He com-
pleted his course of medical studies with William
1. Wilson, M.D., of Centre County, Pa., in
1842. Graduated at the Jefferson ^Medical
College, of Philadelphia, in the month of March,
1844, and began practice in JIcAlisterville,
Juniata County, and continued there until about
1856, when he moved to Port. Royal and prac-
ticed until September, 1861, when he enlisted as
captain of Company I, of the Forty-ninth Regi-
ment. He was commissioned as assistant
surgeon of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth
Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers August
2, 1862; was promotetl to surgeon of the One
Hundred and Sixty-sixth Regiment of Pennsyl-
vania Volunteers December 5, 1862. After
that regiment was mustered out he was trans-
ferred to the One Hundred and Forty-ninth
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers November
9, 1863. He served in that regiment until it
was mustered out, the 24th day of June, 1865,
being at the close of the war. He wa.s in
the army from September, 1861, to June 24,
1865. He came to Milroy on the 4th day of
September, 1865, and still continues to practice
medicine in that place.
Dr. a. H. Shaeffer was graduated at the
University of Pennsylvania in 1867, at the age
of twenty-seven. Practiced in Belleville until
the fall of 1873, when he removed to Lewis-
town, where he still resides engaged in active
jiractice.
Dr. Cox, in 1869, settled at Lewistown, and
commenced practice as a homoeopathist. He
moved away in 1871.
Dr. M. B. Garver studied medicine with
Dr. D. C. Smith, and graduated at Hahnemann
College, Cleveland, in 1871. Located at New
Holland, Lancaster County ; then moved to
Thompsontown, Juniata County. In 1880 he
removed to Belleville, in Union township, where
he still resides.
Dr. William F. Speth, a native of Ger-
many, and a graduate of Hesse Darmstadt,
came to this country, and was an intimate
friend of Dr. Herring and other leaders of the
homoeopathic school. He settled for several
years in Pottsville, and upon the retirement of
Dr. Cox was persuaded to come to Lewistown,
where he remained until his death, in June,
1881, being over sixty years of age.
M. BoxNER Flynx, M.D., was born in
New York City, N. Y., January 13, 1843. He
attended the Cumberland Valley Institute,
in Mechanicsburg, Pa., in 1852 and 1853.
He afterward attended St. John's College,
in Frederick City, Md., in 1857 and 1859.
He commence<l the study of medicine in
1860, and graduated first at Bellevue Col-
lege, in New York City, in 1862 ; then,
second, he graduated at the New York Hygeo-
Thci-apeutic College on March 29, 1865. He
entered the United States service of the late
490
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Rebellion in 1862. He practiced medicine in
Jersey City from 1865 to 1867 ; in "Worcester,
Mass., from 1867 to 1872. He located at
Reedsville in August, 1874, and removed to
Lewistown in March, 1882.
Alexander Samuel Harshbaegee, M.D.,
son of Abraham Harshbarger, M.D., was born
in McAIisterville, in Juniata County, Pa.,
January 6, 1850; graduated at the Airyview
Academy, in Port Royal, Juniata County, in
1867. He read medicine with his father in
Milroy, Mifflin Couuty, in 1868 and 1869. He
graduated at the Medical Department of the
University of Pennsylvania in Mai'ch, 1870,
and practiced medicine from that date with his
father, in Milroy, to August, 1884. He then
moved to Lewistown, where he still continues
in the practice of his profession.
Walter H. Parcels, M.D., was born in
Allegany County, in the State of New York.
He read medicine with Drs. Allen and Noble.
of Oberlin, in the State of Ohio. He attended
his first coui'se of medical lectures at Cleveland
Medical College in 1870, and practiced medi-
cine irregularly, but continued medical studies
until the winter of 1872 and 1873, when he
graduated at the Medical College in Cincinnati,
Ohio. He located in Reedsville, Mifflin
County, Pa., where he remained a year and a
half, and moved to Toledo. In 1876 he came
to Lewistown and began a practice, which he
continues.
Brown A. Bigelow, M.D., was born in
Belleville, Mifflin County, September 25, 1850.
He is the youngest son of Dr. EHphaz Bigelow,
who came to Mifflin County in 1829. Three
of his sons became physicians. Dr. Eliphaz
moved from Belleville to Huntingdon County
in 1855. From this place Brown A. Bigelow
attended school, one term, at the Kishacocjuillas
Seminary, in 1864. He also attended school
one term at McAlevey's Fort, under Professor
Austin. He began the study of medicine, under
Dr. James H. Bigelow, in 1871, and entered
the Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia,
in October, 1872, and graduated at that place
on the 11th day of March, 1874. He then
practiced medicine with Dr. James H. Bigelow,
two years, at McAlevey's Fort, and in March,
1876, he moved to Siglerville and practiced
medicine in that place until December 14, 1882,
when he moved to Belleville, where he still re-
mains in the practice of his profession.
Dr. D. C. Dean, a native of Saville town-
ship. Perry County, studied medicine with Dr. H.
O. Orris, of Newport. In 1877, he graduated
at the Medical Department of the University
of Pennsylvania, and practiced in Perry
County until November, 1881, when he moved
to Lewistown, where he is now in practice
Dr. W. S. Wilson settled at INIcYeytown iu
1881.
Dr. D. C. Sjiith, a native of Thompson-
town, Juniata County, graduated a homceopa-
thist in 1869. He settled at Mifflin and in
1882 removed to Lewistown, where he still con
tinues in pi'actice.
Dr. D. Nipple began practice iu 1882, at
Newton Hamilton, where he still resides.
Dr. B. Book, a student of Dr. D. C. Smith
and a graduate of the Homoeopathic College,
Philadelphia, settled at Lewistown April, 1884,
where he is still in practice.
Dr. R. M. Johnson is a practicing physi-
cian at McVeytown, having located tiiere in
1884.
Woods Sterrett, ^NI.D., was born in the
east end of Kishacoquillas Valley, at what is
now McAuley's Mill, February 11, 1852. He
received his education at Airyview Academy,
in Juniata County, Pa., in 1872. He read
medicine with Samuel Maclay, M.D., in Mil-
roy, beginning in 1873 and ending in 1877. He
graduated at the Medical Department of the
University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia,
March 12, 1877, and began the practice of
medicine at Yeagertown, in Mifflin County, on
the 9th day of April, 1877. He left Yeager-
town in April, 1879, and began to practice medi-
cine in Port Royal, in Juniata County, immedi-
ately afterward. He left Port Royal in Sep-
tember, 1882, and went to Milroy, where he
still continues to practice medicine with Samuel
Maclay, M.D.
George P. Rishei,, M.D., was born in
Centre County, near Bellefonte, on the 9th day
of Januar}', 1854. He received his education
at the Pennsylvania State College and gradu-
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
491
ated at that school in 1880. He read medicine
with Tiiomas R. Hayes, M.D., of Bellefonte,
during 1879 and 1880. He took three full
courses of lectures in the Medical Department
of the University of Pennsylvania and gradu-
ated at that school in March, 1883, and moved
to ]\Iilroy about the close of August, 1884,
where lie still continues to practice in the medi-
cal profession.
Samuel J. Boter, M.D., was boru at Mar-
kelsville, in Perry County, Pa., July 2, 1856.
Received his early education at Markelsville,
and afterward studied at the New Bloomfield
Academy. In the spring of 1877 he com-
menced the study of medicine at Plainfield, in
Cumlaerland County, Pa., with Preceptor J. E.
Yancamp, where he continued his studies till
the fall of 1879. From that place he went to
the city of Baltimore and entered the College of
Physicians and Surgeons. In the spring he
returned to INIarkelsville and there pursued the
study of medicine under the instructions of J.
D. Shull till the opening of college, and then
attended medical lectures during the following
winter, and graduated at the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons in Baltimore on the 1st day
of March, 1881. He registered his diploma in
Carlisle, in Cumberland County, Pa., and prac-
ticed with his former preceptor for seven
months. He then went to Illinois and after
one year he located in Elliottsburg, Perry
County, Pa., and continued to practice medicine
for a period of over two years. He then went
to Ohio and attended a partial course of lectures
at the Cincinnati Medical College of Physicians
and Surgeons, and during the next spring he
came back to Penusylvania. On the 12th day
of March, 1884, he located at Siglerville, where
he began the practice of medicine, and where
he still continues.
B. Rush Kohi.er, M.D., was born in
Reedsville, in ]\Iifflin County, September 7,
1865. He received his education at the com-
mon schools of Mifflin County. In 1879 he
went to IHah Territory and there commenced
the study of medicine under the instruction of
F. S. Kohler, M.D., and afterwards he gradu-
ated at the Medical Department of the Western
Reserve University, at Cleveland, Ohio, Febru-
ary 25, 1885. He is now engaged in the
practice at Reedsville.
Among the later physicians at Belleville
should be named the following : Dr. Augustus
Hibler, for several years subsequent to 1850 ;
and from 1861 to 1867, Dr. Sheaffer (elsewhere
spoken of); Dr. M. F. Hudson, who succeeded
him and remained until 1880; Dr. John B.
Floyd took the place of the latter, and is a
practicing physician at Belleville at the present
time ; Dr. M. B. Garver, a homoeopathic physi-
cian, was there several years prior to October,
1885, when he removed to Lancaster County;
Dr. J. J. Dahlen, a German doctor, who came
in 1855 and remained until 1859, when he re-
moved to the State of Ohio, and returning in
1866, remained until 1875; and Dr. J. ^X. Lyle,
who commenced practicing medicine in Belle-
ville in 1884, and is there at the present time.
Medical Societies. — The first medical so-
ciety of Mifflin County was organized in 1845.
The following is a list of the offlcers and mem-
bers at that time :
President, Dr. Joseph B. Artl ; Vice-Presi-
dents, Drs. Thomas Van Valzah, Joseph Hen-
derson; Corresponding Secretary, Dr. T. A.
Worrall ; Recording Secretary, Dr. C. Cameron ;
Secretary, Dr. James Culbertson. IMembers,
Drs. J. C. Reynolds, Samuel Maclay, George
V. Mitchell, A. Rothrock, Charles Bower,
Lewis Hoover and John ]\Ietz. Afterwards
the following also became members: Drs. How-
ard, E. W. Hale, Robert Martin, A. W. Mass,
I. B. Herring and S. S. Cummings. How
long this organization continued to exist is un-
known. Of this original society, Drs. A. Roth-
rock, Samuel Maclay and John ^letz are still
living and practicing in the county.
The present INIifflin County ^ledical Society
was organized March 4, 1874. The first meet-
ing was held at the office of Dr. Charles S-
Hurlbut, of Lewistown. Tlie following offi-
cers were then elected :
President, Dr. A. Rothrock ; Vice-President,
Dr. T. H. Van Valzah ; Corresponding Secre-
tary, Dr. George A^. Mitchell ; Treasurer, Dr.
A. Harshliarger ; Secretary, Dr. A.'H. Shaefter.
Members, Drs. C. S. Hurlbut, M. F. Hudson,
James T. Mahon, A. S. Harshbarger. The so-
492
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
ciety has held four meetings each year since its
organization, and at the present time is in a
flourishing condition. The following is a list
of the present officers and members : President,
Dr. A. H. Shaeffijr ; Vice-Presidents, Drs. G. G.
Harmen, V. O. McKim ; Treasurer, Dr. W. H.
Parcels ; Secretary, Dr. A. S. Harshbarger.
Members, Drs. C. S. Hurlbut, T. H. Van
Valzah, G. C. Dean.S. H. Rothrock, A. Harsh-
barger, W. S. Wilson, John P. Getter, A.
Rothrock, I. B. Floyd, I. H. Mahon, Woods
Sterrett.
CHAPTER IV.
THE BOROUGH OF LEWISTOWN.
Amoxg the traders who came up the valley
of the Juniata a short time before the purchase
of this territoiy from the Indians, in 1754, was
Robert Buchanan, who had formerly lived at
Carlisle. He located a trading-post at " tlie
meeting of the waters "of the Kishacoquillas
Creek with the Juniata, at the place where lived
Pokety, an Indian chief, of whom he bought
land.' Kishacoquillas, the Shawauese chief
from whom the valley ■takes its name, also is
said to have lived there. He died in 1756,
and in June of that year Robert H. IMorris
sent a letter of condolence to his sons.
Robert Buchanan built a cabin on the bank
of the Kishacoquillas, near the present stone
bridge. Upon the breaking out of the Indian
troubles in 1756, Buchauan was warned by
Kishacoquillas of the danger, and he, with
others in the region, escaped and went to Car-
lisle. He probably did not return until 1762,
as, on the 2d of July in that year, he warranted
a tract of two hundred and one acres of land
lying on the nortiieast side of the river and
extending above the mouth of the Kishaco-
quillas Creek. His son Arthur, on the same
date, warranted ninety-six acres lying back of
Robert's land and extending alonnr the bank of
' The first name applied to this locality was Poketytown,
from the Indian chief, Pokety. It also was given the
name Old Town and Kishacoquillas' Old Town, although
Aughwick, farther up the Juniata, was also called Old
Town.
the Kishacoquillas Creek. Jane Buchanan, a
daughter of Robert, received a warrant bearing
the same date, July 5, 1762, for two hundred
and eighteen acres of land lying below her
father's tract and the Kishacoquillas Creek.
Opposite Arthur Buchanan's tract and above
Jane Buchanan's land, on the same side of the
stream, Robert warranted a small tract, on
which the St. Mark's Cemetery is located. The
tract of Jane Buchanan is that part of the
town that lies acrciss the creek from the public
square, while on the Robert and Arthur Bu-
clianan tract the main part of Lewistown is
laid out.
Below the tract of Jane Buchanan, and on
the Juniata, Andrew Gregg, in 1787, took up a
tract of laud, built a cabin and brought a stock
of goods to the place. John Norris, then a
lad of sixteen years, came with him as a
clerk. Gregg remained about a year and a
half. "The plot of these tracts of land can be
seen in the prothonotary's office at Lewis-
town. The Buchanan tracts were all surveyed
in April, 1766. In the sketch of early taverns
it will be seen that " old Mr. Buchanan " wa.s
then keeping tavern at the place. It will not
be out of place in this connection to give an
account of the " Long Narrows," and the set-
tlement at this place in 1 788, as given by a
writer in the Columbia Magazine, in an article
called " A Description of the Juniata River, in
the State of Pennsylvania." From it we
quote, —
" After crossing at Miller's Ferry (now Millerstown),
which lies a few miles from the mouth of the river
and keeping up at midway to Standing Stone, a three-
fold junction of the mountains is plainly perceived,
being the Tuscarora, Shade and Narrow Mountains.
Through them, .at this place, commence what is known
by the name of the Long Narrows, formed by one con-
tinued break through the above hills, and continues
surrounded by astonishing crags for upwards of eight
or nine miles, during which space the traveller has
nothing to walk on for either himself or horse (which
he is obliged to dismount for better security) than the
piled rocks and stones that have from time to time
accumulated by their fall from the surrounding parts.
After passing through this miserable place, imme-
diately upon the other side stands the town or settle-
ment called Old Town, consisting only of a tavern
and a few scattered hoveis, and containing nothing
worth notice."
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
493
The next year after this tour through the
valley was made, the county of Mifflin was
erected. Robert Buchanan, the owner of the
tract on which the county-seat was located, died
about 1780, and left the tract he had originally
settled upon to his eldest sou, Arthur. Robert
Buchanan's family consisted of his wife, Dorcas,
Arthur, ^Villiara, Robert (the last was born in
1773) and Jane. Arthur was living in Lewis-
town as late as 1806.
In 1787, Arthur Buchanan became involved
in financial difficulty, a judgment was obtained
against him and the three hundred acres of land
in his possession were seized by Thomas
Buchanan, high sheriff of Cumberland County,
and finally sold, a fuller account of which will
be found in sketch of the erection of Mifflin
County.
The trustees appointed under the act of erec-
tion of Mifflin County located the county-seat
upon this tract.
Colonel James Potter and Samuel Edmiston
were employed to survey the plot and lay out
a town. They performed the work and received
for their services £16 15s. The trustees also
appointed persons to value the lots laid out.
Lots 15 and 16, containing one-quarter
of an acre, were set apart for a meeting-house
and a burying-ground. These lots are, on the
corner of Water and Brown Streets, and
are known as the Old Burying-Ground. No
meeting-house was ever erected upon them.
Lot 86 was set apart for a jail, which was
erected of logs early in 1790, and is the present
jail lot. The lot on which the old stone school-
house and the old brick school-house stand
was marked on the town plot as lot 120, and
was designated as " for the use of a publick
school-house."
There was also reserved all the " ground on the
Juniata from the first Alley to the junction of the
River with the Kishacoquillas Creek, together
with the streets, lanes, alley and the center of the
said Borough, agreeably to the plan of the said
town of Lewistown, as laid out by the Trus-
tees." While the trustees were authorized
to purchase one hundred and fifty acres of
land and lay out a town thereon, with au-
thority to sell lots, they did not do it ; yet the
lots mentioned were set apart for public pur-
poses, and the jail building, including a court-
room in the second story, was built and used in
the year 1790, while the property was still in
the hands of the High Sheriff of Cumljerland
County, and it was not until November 27,
1790, that it was sold, and was then bought at
public sale by Samuel Edmiston, then pro-
thonotary of the county, who soon after sold
one-tliird interest to Colonel James Potter and
Samuel Montgomery, who sold the lots of the
town. The court-house on the public square
was built in 1796-97, before the title of the dif-
ferent lots was conveyed to the county of Mif-
flin, which was done in 1802.
The following letter, in the possession of C.
H. Henderson, was written by Charles Hardy,
in 1791, to friends in England, and as it gives
an idea of Lewistown and the surrounding
country at that time, a part of it is here quoted.
Charles Hardy purchased lot 17, as is shown in
the list given.
"Dear Mam : I take this oportunity of a Quainting
you of my present hilth and weel fair for which I have
reason to prais the Lord and Likewise the defrent
seaingsof life that I haveGoone through Since I come
to this Country. I wrought the first 9 months through
the summer and winter, and in March I Went out to
the Back Countiy, 1(50 miles from Philadelphia, whear
thaar is a new place a Bilding by the name of Lewes
Town, Mifflin County, and as this County is but new
laad out, all county business is satled and courts
helde in this place, and on the 22th of October I
purtched a Lott and Hous, not finished, which cost
me 60 pound, and 20 pounds mor will finish it
which will Rent for 15 pounds per year. And 19th
of January I purtched an improvement which is va-
cant Lands, on which is a Dwelling hous and Barn,
Stablen, right Good Spring and 14 ackres of Cleared
Land, and I have returned Back to Philadelpia to
take a Ded out of the Land Ofes for 150 ackres of saad
Lands, the improvement I pay .S5 pounds, and the
warent at Land Ofes is 2 pound 10 shillings per hun-
dred, and 1 pound 10 shillings theSirvey and Clarkcs
fees, 1 pound 10 shillings all per himdred, which, in
all, will cost mebetwext 40 and 50 pounds. This is the
best part of the country that I have Ever seen for in-
dustrius people of Every Trade. Carpenters and
Slasons 7s. Gd. per day, and Labrers 5s. per day, and
everything is plentiful, the best of Wheat -is. pir
bushel, Rie 3s. this currency, Inden corn and
buckwheat iu proportion. Beef, Mutton and Bacon
at Sd. per pound. This is a fearful Country
for wild creatures. Such as Dears, Bai-s, Wolves and
494
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Panters, the Dears meet yousd for Beef or venison,
and Bears meet Good Bacon. Fishes and Foils in
Great plent.y. This is a fine Country for Roots and
Vegtales. I shall send you a smal account of them
Coowcumbers, Water Mellens, Squashes and Pomp-
cans, with a variety of Beanes, sich as 5-ou have none
in England, with many others too tedis to Name. Al
rises from the Ground With out much treble and
comes to Great pirfection."
Continuing, lie deplores the loss of the priv-
my own mind when I think of the blessings in
yeares past I received in publick and in privet
convarse, but many times I feel that the Lord
preaches to my sowl in privet when I poor out
my Speerit before him, but I shall endeaver to
pravail with the preachers to come to Lewis-
town."
The erection of the public buildings and the
fact that tlie town was made the county-seat at-
A DISTANT VIEW OF LEWLSTOWN.
ilege of attending worship with the Methodists,
*' with whome I hav many times being Feeling-
ly and Sensible Blessed, both in public and pri-
vet convarse," and says, " in which I am in
sum measure deprived of, as hear is no Metho-
des in this part, nor no other sort of worship
but Prespeterns, and it is 5 miles to thear meet-
ing.' this causes me to reflect on my Own Self
for leaving the parts Whear I had the hapness
of asembling amongst a people that I beleave
truly worships God. it cases many Reasnings in
^The Presbyterian Meeting-liouse he has reference to
was evidently the one then standing in Granville township,
in the old burying-ground, an account of which will be
found in the sketch of Granville township.
tracted many people to it, and in 1793 the fol-
lowing persons were owners of lots in Lewis-
town. Their names, with the number of the
lots owned by them, are here given as found in
the assessment roll of Derry township :
17. Chas. Hardy.
18. James Montgomery.
19. Thos. Buchanan, Esq.
20. William Early.
21. William Brown, Esq.
22. James Potter.
24. David Weldon Pick-
ens.
25. John Gillespie.
28. Jesse Adams.
30. James Humes.
44. Isabella Buchanan.
1. Thomas Duncan.
2, 3, 4. William Adams.
0. Samuel Montgomery.
7. James Potter.
8. Brown & Ellis.
9. William Brown.
10. Samuel Montgomeiy.
11. Jos. Edmiston, Esq.
12. Zephaniah Stark.
13. Thomas Gregg and
Saml. Edmiston.
14. William Brown, Esq.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
495
46. Christian King.
47. .James Henderson.
48. James Haslett.
49. Wm. McCandless.
50. Michael Fuucannon.
51. Robert Cochran.
52. William Elliott.
53. Adam Berger.
5.5. George Riddle.
57. William Harper.
58. Jones McDownell.
59. John Elliott.
4)0. Alex. Cochran.
61. Joseph Cowgill.
62. James Thompson.
6.3. Samuel Marshall.
64. Robert Power.
65. Patrick McKinuey.
66. William Power.
67. Robert Patterson.
68. Moses Williamson.
69. Robert Campbell.
70. Samuel Henry.
71. Jas. McFarland.Esq.
72. Robert Mitchell.
73. Geo. McClelland.
74. James Scott.
75. John Wilson.
76. 77. Saml. Edmiston.
78. Andrew Duff.
79. James .\lexander.
80. Moses Williamson.
81. Saml. Montgomery.
82. Dr. Isaiah Blair.
83. Robert Parks.
Jacob York.
Henry Bemtheisel.
m. Philip Weaver.
96. John Speck.
100. John Buchanan.
102. John Schnell.
116. Thomas Cullen.
121. William Kenney.
129. James Davidson.
130. James Mitchell.
131. John Norris or Wm.
McCandless.
177. Jeremiah Daily.
The act for the erection of the borough of
Lewistowu was approved April 11, 1795, and
the boundaries were defined as here given :
" Beginning at a post on the Bank of the River
Juniata ;" then by courses and distances, " to a
post on the south side of Kishacoquillas Creek ;
thence down .said creek south 85°, west 17
perches to a post ; " thence, Ijy courses and dis-
tances, " to the mouth of the said creek ; then
up the said river north 78°, west forty-five
perches, and then west 32 perches to the place
of beginning."
The act provided for two burgesses, one of
whoiu was to be chief and the otlier merely
" assistant burgess," while there were also to
be two " burgesses' assistants," a high constable
and a town clerk.
The act named tiie first officers as follows :
Joseph Cogill, chief burgess ; George McClellan,
burgess ; Jeremiah Daily, high constable ; James
Robertson, town clerk ; Robert Patterson and
^lichael Foncannon, burgesses' assi.stants.
The officers so named were to hold until the
first Monday of ^lay, 1796, when an election
was to be held.
The act remained in force until February 6,
1811, when an act was approved by Governor
8nyder, altering and amending the original.
This act provided for the election of a chief
burgess, an assistant and five reputable citi-
zens to be a Town Council, and a high constable.
The meetings of the Town Council were to be
held in the court-house until otherwise provided
for.i
The presidents of tiie Council are here given
from 1814 for about fifteen years from which
time the burges.ses are given, — -
1814.
181.5.
1816.
1817.
1819.
1820.
1821.
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
1837.
1838.
1839.
1840.
1841.
1842.
1843.
1844.
1845.
1846.
1847.
1848.
1849.
1850.
1851.
1852.
1853.
1854.
1855.
1856.
18.57.
Peacock Major.
William P. Maclay
David Reynolds.
David Reynolds.
Peacock Major.
D. W. Hulings.
Andrew Reiser.
PRESIDENTS.
1824.
1826.
1827.
1828.
1830.
1833.
1834.
AVilliam McCay.
William McCay.
William McCay.
David Milliken.
William McCay.
James McCord.
Henry Eisenbise.
Henry Eisenbise.
Henry Eisenbise.
Henry Eisenbise.
Henry Kulp.
Abraham Blymyer.
George Miller.
George Miller.
George Miller.
Richard R. Franks.
R. Rush Franks.
Henry Kulp.
Henry Kulp.
John W. Shaw.
John W. Shaw.
Thos. A. Worrall.
Jas. L. McElvain.
George Frysinger.
Ales. A. Banks.
George Frysinger.
Geo. W. Stewart.
John Davis.
George Frysinger.
BURGESSES.
1858.
1859.
1860.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
1865.
1866.
1867.
1868.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873,
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.
1884.
1885.
Joseph B. Ard.
Joseph B. Ard.
E. L. Benedict.
A. S. Wilson.
William McHall.
Joseph B. Ard.
James Culbertson.
John Davis.
John Davis.
Samuel Comfort.
Samuel Comfort.
John Davis.
John Davis.
Joseph M. Coglev.
George Frysinger.
Samuel J. Brisbin.
John B. Selheimer.
William B. Weber.
Wm. B. Hoffman.
William B. Weber.
William Willis.
William B. Weber-
John Clark, Sr.
John Davis.
Geo. S. Hoffman.
Jos. M. Selheimer.
George W. Soult.
George W. Soult.
Robert McKee.
Geo. S. Hoffman.
Geo. S. Hoffman.
John M. Nolte.
William Irvine.
A. E. Prinlz.
A. E. Printz.
1 A supplement to the act of erection was approved March
19, 1829, concerning high constable; also March 31, 1836;
another March -5, 1841, which increased the Town Council
to six members. .\n act was p,issed March 25, 1842,
which authorized the appointment of commissioners to
re-survey the borough and to erect the East and West Wards.
.\n ordinance passed the Borough Council July 15. 1857,
ordering street lamps to be erected for the accommodation
of the citizens.
496
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Joseph Scott, in the United States Gazetteer
of 1795, gives this account of Lewistown, —
"Lewistown, the chief town in Mifflin county,
Pennsylvania, situated on the north side of Juniatta
river at the mouth of Cishicoquilis creek. It is reg-
ularly laid out and contains about 120 dwellings, a
court-house and jail. A court of common pleas and
general quarter sessions is held here the 2d Monday
in January, April, August and November. It was
incorporated by an act of the Legislature passed De-
cember 1, 1795, and is governed by two burgesses,
one high constable, town clerk and two assistants. It
is 150 miles W. N. W. of Philadelphia."
In the early days of Lewistown a little stream
ran through the town, crossing Third Street not
far from the Methodist Church. On the bank
of tliis stream was a fine grove of trees, under
whose shade the women of the town were in the
habit of doing their weekly washing. There
was also a ravine, twenty or thirty feet deep, in
the rear of the Kitz house, which, in time, was
filled partly by stumps, and in the following
manner; A borough ordinance was passed im-
posing as a fine for drunkenness the digging
out a stump in the street, of which, at that early
time, there were many. It came to be the cus-
tom that when a certain number, fifteen or
twenty, had violated the ordinance, and were
Subject to the fine, that they would agree upon a
time and have a stump-pulling bee, and upon
the completion of the task the stumps were all
thrown in this ravine. The items here given
are taken from the various assessment rolls.
In the year 1803, Samuel Edmiston was as-
sessed on two lots and one brick house on
Market Street, valued at $1300 ; other lots and
houses $1750; John Brown, house and lot,
$300, store-house and half lot $400, grist and
saw-mill and one acre of land $2000, one lot
and barn $100, vacant lot $40; Robert Forsythe,
two lots and three houses on Water Street,
$1333.33, other houses and lots, $770 ; George
McClelland, house and lots at the bridge, $1 200 ;
William Elliott, one brick house and two lots
on the Diamond, $1100, unfinished house on
Market Street, $140; George Mulholland,
house and lot on AVater Street, $600, house and
lot on Market Street, $400. All others on the
roll are assessed on less than $1000. James
Criswell is assessed on one lot and two houses.
one of which is in the tenure of " Old Nanny;"
Foncannon & Smith, on a store-house
and lot on Water Street ; David Jordan, on a
house and lot on Market Street, for the heirs of
Arthur Buchanan (Jordan married Isabella,
the widow of Arthur Buchanan); John McKelvey
occuj)ied a house, two lots and a store-house
owned by the heirs of Samuel Montgomery ;
William Eobison, a lot and brick house ovj
Market Street ; John and James Steel, store-
house and half-lot on Water Street ; William
Scott, lot and hatter's shop on Market Street ;
Abraham Weaver, house and lot on Market
Street and distillery and brewery.
The following are additional items culled
from the assessment roll of 1809: Mary
Estell, brick house on Diamond ; Francis Ellis,
" watterman " and inn ; William Gallagher,
brick house, Water Street ; David McConahey,
tanner, saddler and tauyard at Third and Brown
Streets ; Joseph and Samuel Martin, " watter-
men."
The carpenters were Eli Smith, Anthony
Ferrier (Main and Market Streets) Abraham
Huiford, James McClintock. The masons were
Philip and James Smith. The hatters were
William McCoy and John Mulholland ; coopers,
John McKeely, .John McDowell, .John and
James Pierce ; saddlers, Francis McCoy, James
McWilliams (also a butcher) ; chairmaker, John
McBride; gunsmith, George Slaysman ; black-
smith, Jacob Walters.
The following items were gleaned from the
assessment of I8I0 : Pilots, John Baum and
Rhoads Conner; tailor, Henry Harsh barger;
tinman, Philip Rupert. In 1811, John Geepore
was a barber and musician. In 1814, George
Swartz, a brickmaker. The first mention of an
apothecary is in 1823, when F. A. Milsheimer
was keeping a shop in the town. In that year
also Samuel Haller was keeping a shop for the
repair of watches and manufacture of clocks,
M'hile Daniel McDavid was a silversmith. In
1833, Charles Ritz was keeping a drug-store.
Concerning the early business and other in-
terests, much more will be found in this chapter,
the several topics being treated se23arately.
In the year 1813, Andrew Keiser and Samuel
Martin, both of whom owned considerable land
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
497
in close proxiuiity to the borough, laid out
nineteen lots. Twelve were on the road to
Kishacoquillas and seven on the Sunbury Road.
Tliese lots were each sixty by two hundred
feet and were advertised tu be sold at public
sale on the 8th of September, 1813. Other
additions have been made from time to time.
The facts connected with the constructing and
opening the turnpike, canal and railroad
througii the borough will be found in the arti-
cle on " Internal Improvements," in the " Gen-
eral History" of this work.
Market-House and Tom'n Hall. — The
old court-house was erected in 1796 in the
public square, and extending north from it
was an open market-house, with a roof sup-
])orted by brick piers or columns. This market-
place was used until 1819, when an ordinance
of the Borough Council was passed, April 24th
of that year, " Authorizing the sale of the ruins
of the market^house, alleged to be a nuisance in
the street." It was tu be sold by the constable
on or before the 1st of May following, and as,
in an ordinance for improving the public square,
l)assed May 3d, mention is made that " the mar-
ket square remains unimproved," and it was
directed that the street, in all directions from
tiie court-house, be graveled and turnpiked
twenty-one feet from the pavements of the court-
house, it is to be presumed that it had been
sold and removed pnor to the latter action.
From that time for several years no markets
Mere held in the town. Another market-house
was built later on the square southwest from
the court-house, and on June 21, 1833, an or
dinance was passed to regulate the market and
to sell stalls in the market-house. It remained in
use until the destruction of the court-house, in
1843-44.
An act of Legislature was passed April 27,
1844, authorizing the burgess and Town Coun-
cil of Lewistown " to purchase a lot in the bor-
ough for the purpose of erecting a market-house
and town hall thereon." A lot was purchased
on the corner of Main and Third Streets, and a
town hall and market-house created in that
year. An ordinance passed September 6, 1858,
regulated for the management of the mar-
ket. Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday morn-
32
ings of each week were made market-days, at
which times meats and vegetables were to be
exposed for sale in the stalls in the town hall,
and on stands " on the pavement of the Town
Hall, on Third Street, from the north corner of
the Hall to the alley," ten feet of which by four
in breadth might be assigned to any butcher
applying. Iso meat was to be sold elsewhere
during market hours. Markets were regularly
held in the towu hall for several years, and in
later years at irregular intervals. The custom
was finally abandoned about 1870.
Fire Department. — The first definite in-
formation concerning any preparation for the
extinguishing of fires is found in an ordinance
passed by the burgess and Council of Lewistown,
February 23, 1815, which declared that every
owner of a house " Shall furnish the same with
leathern fire-buckets, which buckets shall be
placed in the entry or such other part of the
house as shall be most easy of access, and be
marked with the owner's name or initial thereof,
and shall be kept in good repair for using at all
times in case of fire." Xo record has been
found concerning the purchase of a fire-engine,
but that one was soon after bought is evident
from the following ordinance, passed April 4,
1817: " That, for the better and more perfect
organization of a Fire Engine Company, the
engine is hereby placed under the direction of
the Corporation of the Borough of Lewistown,
and is to be directed by the Bui-gess and Town
Council for the time being," and " That for the
purpose of e.rercisiiiff the engine the Borough
shall be divided into two districts, the first dis-
trict to be composed of that part of the Borough
lying east of tiie ilaiu Street, and the second dis-
trict of that part lying west of said street."
The taxable inhabitants of the districts were to
meet on the last Saturday of each month; the
clerk of the borough was to attend at even-
training of the engine company and call over
the names, noting the absentees, a list of whom
he was to furnish to tlie burgess, to be fined for
non-attendance twenty-five cents. It does not
appear that a fire company was formed until
1834, when a meeting Was held to organize a
company, and on the 12th of August a com-
mittee to draft a constitution reported '' The
498
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Kite Fire Company," composed of boys. It
was organized March 12, 1836, with F. Mc-
Coy, secretary. An act of Legislature was
passed June 22, 1839, incorporating the
" Juniata Fire Company." These companies
appear to have been in existence but a short
time, as in 1841 the borough still was in charge
of the engines and provided for action in case
of fire. By an ordinance passed January 22,
1841, the Council was authorized to borrow not
to exceed six hundred dollars, to purchase hose
and other materials for the Fire Department.
Section 2 of the ordinance authorized and re-
quired the high constable " to take in charge
tlie fire-engines and hose after fires and have
them carefully restored and kept in good order."
Section 3 "appointed Judge McCoy, Joseph
Milliken, David Rittenhouse, John R. Weekes
and William Brothers a Committee of Super-
intendence to compel the citizens to fall into
ranks for the purpose of carrying water to the
fires in time of necessity," the tine to be five
dollars for disobedience of the orders of this
committee.
James Kinsloe, William Butler, Francis Mc-
Clure, Charles Ritz and Ephraim Banks were
appointed a committee " to guard and protect
property when carried into the street from
houses in times of fire." On the 24th of May,
1843, the Repuhlkan contained a call for a
meeting to organize a fire company. Two com-
panies were organized soon after, — "The Fame"
and " The Henderson Hook-and-Ladder."
They continued until about 1878. In October,
1877, the Borough Council purchased a Silsby
steamer No. 2, with one thousand feet of hose,
for thirty-eight hundred dollars. The steamer
was named " Henderson " and placed in charge
of "the Henderson Hook-and-Ladder Com-
pany," whose name was then changed to " Hen-
derson Steam Fire Company, No. 1." The
steamer was kept in the old Lutheran Church
on Third Street, which had been purchased by
the borough many years before for an engine-
house. In 1878 a tower was added to the engine-
house, which was blown down in the spring of
1885, and rebuilt at a cost of five hundred
dollars. The old Henderson Company at one
time were in possession of a hand-engine named
" The Hope," which was sold for old iron. The
department also have twenty-eight hundred feet
of hose in addition to that purchased with the
steamer. The company contains one hundred
and twenty-five members. R. H. McClintock
was president, and Joseph M. Selheimer, chief
director.
Police Department. — About 1849 a series
of fires occurred in Lewistown, believed to have
been started by incendiaries. It caused alarm, and
on February 4, 1850, an ordinance was passed by
the borough and Council establishing a police
force, to consist of a captain and first and sec-
ond lieutenants, who wei-e authorized to ap-
point a prof)er number of citizens in each ward
to patrol the streets and alleys during the night.
A police system has been maintained to the pres-
ent time, and now consists of two policemen.
Post-Office. — A post-office was doubtless
established at Lewistown before 1800, but the
first positive information of an office is in 1803,
when Jacob Walters was postmaster. He held
the office until his death, and was succeeded by
his daughter, Margaret J. Walters, who resigned
in 1835 upon her marriage to F. L. Benedict.^
Samuel Stewart succeeded to the office and re-
mained postmaster until 1841, when William
P. Elliot was appointed and served until 1845.
Moses Montgomery was the successor and went
out in 1849. The following persons have
served as postmasters since that time : AVilliam
Butler, 1849-53; Charles Ritz, 1853-57; Se-
varus S. Cummings, 1857-61; Samuel Com-
fort, 1861-65; Emanuel C. Hamilton, 1865-
69; Peter Printz, 1869-1873; Robert W. Pat-
ton, 1873-1882.
Business Interests. — The mouth of the
Kishacoquillas Creek was selected by Robert
Buchanan as a trading-post in 1754, or earlier,
and he built a cabin here and kept his stock of
goods — such as were used in those days in trade
with the Indians. The next account of any
business at the place, other than Buchanan's, oc-
curs in a sketch of Andrew Gregg, who married
Martha, the daughter of General James Potter,
January 29, 1787, and came to the vicinity of
' In the year 1814 William Rice was a post-rider and in
1818-19 Charles Hardy.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
499
"Old Town" with a stock of goods and settled
on a tract he took up below the town on the
Juniata, where his danghter Mary was born
November 3, 1788, John Norris (who died
March 5, 1841) came to the site of Lewistown
with store goods, as a boy in the employ of
Gregg. The latter moved to Penn's Valley,
two miles from Old Fort, in 1789, and in 1814
to Bellefonte, where he died in 1835. The town
was laid out in 1789, and lots were sold at once,
as the county buildings were to be erected.
Carpenters, merchants, blacksmiths and other
artisans and business men soon flocked to the
place. The jail was in process of erection in
1790. William Scott, a blacksmith, and ^Yi\-
liam McCandlish, a carpenter, were both at work
upon the jail. In 1793 William Adams opened
a tan-yard on lots 2 and 3. James Armstrong
and Robert Forsythe were blacksmiths. Henry
Bernheisel also opened a tan-yard at the west
end of Grand street, which he continued until
his death. His son-in-law, James McCurdy,
then came into possession and continued it until
1862, when it was sold to J. A. & W. R. Mc-
Kee, who carried on the business until 1870,
when it was abandoned. George Walters, in
1793, kept a store-house at the foot of Water
Street, which two years later was owned by
George McClelland, who, still later, erected the
stone house now the brewery. Francis Ellis &
Co. opened a store in the same year, 1793.
Ellis was in business at the place many years as
merchant, jailer and tavern-keeper. Finley
P^llis, a citizen well known, was a son of Fran-
cis. Benjamin Brierly, in 1793, had a saw-mill
in the vicinity. In December, 1800, Adam
Ebert opened a tan-yard, which he continued
several years. In 1803 the persons whose
names are here given were in business: John
Brown, grist and saw-mill ; Adam Ebert, tan-
yard; Foncannon & Smith, store; James and
John Steel, store on Water Street ; William
Scott, hatter ; Abraham AVeaver, distillery and
brewery. In addition to the above : 1805,
Nicholas Deal, tan-yard (bought of Ebert) ;
Mark Kulp, watch-maker; Peacock INIajor, inn-
keeper and butcher; 1806, Arthur Buchanan,
James Criswell and George McClelland, mer-
chants; Frederick Orwin, tinsmith; Rowe &
Kulp, boat-builders; Robert Stark Little, wheel
and chair-maker. 1809, Andrew Keiser, pot-
tery, on the corner of Second and Brown. This
he continued a few years. In 1809 Emanui'l
Philips was in possession of a pottery, and in
1813 Henry Fulton had a pottery and kiln
at the corner of Third and Brown. A pottery
was established by Josepli Matthews, about
1832, at the corner of Valley and Nusbauni
streets, which was continued by him until 1802,
when he sold to John Dipple. With slight
changes in ownership, it was run until 1868,
when the property was sold and a new pottery
and kiln was erected, fourteen by fourteen feet
square, with chimney stack thirty feet in height
and having capacity of holding " twenty-two
hundred gallons of ware." The business is
still conducted bj' John Dipple.
In 1809 David McConahey had a tannery
Third and Bro\\u ; Anthony Young was carry-
ing on weaving.
In 1812 Henry Butler wa-s a boot and shoe-
maker ; William McCoy a tailor ; Miller, Morton
& Co. were the proprietors of Freedom Forge
(now Logan Iron- Works) and a company store
in the town ; Robert Davison was a lumber
dealer ; James Sherrard had begun merchandis-
ing in the Yellow House, at the northeast
corner of the public square; Samuel Eisenbiss
opened a cabinet-shop in November ; Humphrey
Golf was a tailor ; Franklin, Ellis & Baum
were butchers.
On the 25th of June, 1813, Lieutenant James
McGhee, of the 22d Regiment of U. S. Infantry
opened a recruiting-office in town. July 20,
1813, Robert L^iile advertised that he had in
operation at John Brown's mill a cotton-carding
machine, and hoped to obtain custom. In Au-
gust, 1813, Charles Haas proposed opening a
military academy to teach the " broad-sword
exercise" at Kinsloe's tavern. John George
and John Swisher were gunsmiths in 1813-15.
The guns belonging to the militia were ordered
to this shop for repairs and examination.
Swisher abandoned the business in March, 1815,
but George continued it, and later went to
where Mann's axe-factory now is.
J. McClintock rented, in December, 1815, the
store-house of George McClelland (formerly
500
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
kept by Robert Starks), on the bank of Kishaoo-
quillas Creek, for the reception of wheat, flour,
M'hiske)^, etc. He was prepared with boats suit-
able for the shipment of grain at high or low
water. Soon after this James Sherrard sold liis
store and became a partner of McClintock's
Steely & Marks also advertise boating and
storage. Steely soon after retired, and on the
29th of December, 1819, Philip Marks suc-
ceeded.'
In 1815, James McCord began the manu-
facture of saddles and harness next-door to
Mrs. Powers' tavern, on Main Sti-eet. On
Water Street, C. Eisenbise established a nail-
factory, and George Swarts opened a brick-yard
in the same year.
' The following skelch of early transportation is of inter-
est in this connection. It ^yas written by Mr. Gfiorge
Frysinger from the recollections of William P. Elliott, Esq.,
"wlio was horn in Lewistown in 1793, and still resides
there :
" The early settlers of this county had to use pack mules
in transporting whatever was necessary for food and such
implements as axes, picks, shovels. &c., all of which had to
be carried from Cumberland Valley across half a dozen
mountains. Two paths were used, one by way of Shirley,
the other coming out at Granville Gap, two miles south of
Lewistown. The Narrows were then a tangled mass of
undergrowth and full of rocks down to the water's edge,
but a year or so afterwards a bridle-path was opened, thus
in part avoiding the mountains. Peddling traders soon
appeared and supplied minor articles, but meal and other
necessaries involved a long and trying journey.
'' Canoes next appeared, being constructed from large
tree trunks and capable of carrying a considerable burden.
These were run down the Juniata on a freshet to the Sus-
quehanna, and thence down to Middletown, below which
the roaring waters of Conewago Falls forbid further descent.
These canoes were there loaded with plow-shares, hardware
and other useful articles, and then poled back by two men,
a distance of more than 70 miles. The first regular river
boat was built for John Elliott, the father of W. P. Elliott,
Esq., about 1791. This was followed by other large boats
and arks for carrying produce. In the mean time a road
was cut through the Narrows and wagons began to greet
the vision of the pioneer.
" The turnpike eastward from Lewistown was opened
about 1817.
"The first canal-boat .arrived in Lewistown the first
week in November, 1829, which event gave a great impetus
to agricultural productions as well as business that contin-
ued until the opening of the Pennsylvania Railroad, in 1849.
This road, with its branches, has curtailed all centres of
previous business, the quantity of grain now shipped from
Lewistown being less than a tenth of what it was in canal
Samuel Smith, who was a merchant in the
place before 1813, in that year sold his store to
William Brisben, with the intention of going to
Kentucky. Samuel Frampton, in October,
1813, moved his saddlery and harness-maker
shop to Market Street, opposite Mr. Major's,
and two doors above Hoyt's tavern.
John Brown, whose grist and saw-mill is
mentioned in 1803, continued in business in
and near Lewistown until after 1820, and was
at one time part owner of Freedom Forge. He
was a son of Judge William Brown ; was born
in Kishacoquillas Valley in 1772; came to
Lewistown about 1800 and built a grist and
saw-uiill, and was identified with the business
interests of the town in other ways. He was a
member of Assembly from the district from
1809 to 1813, inclusive, and subsequently mem-
ber of Congress from the district composed of
Mifflin, Huntingdon, Centre and Clearfield
Counties. He was highly esteemed by a large
coilnection of friends and acquaintances. Later
in life he moved to North Carolina, and died
at Limestone, in that State, October 12, 1845,
aged seventv-three years.
Robert Forsythe was settled in the town be-
fore 1797, and later opened a store on Market
Street, and built a distillery. He continued in
business there until about 1818, when he moved
to a farm in Derry township. See sketch of
that township.
Of the early merchants of the town, and who
had a marked influence on the business of the
place for many years, M'as James Millikeu. He
was the eldest son of Samuel Milliken, who
settled in the Kishacoquillas Valley in 1772.
He was born in 1776, and in 1804 journeyed to
Pittsburgh and down the Ohio River to George-
town (now Wellsville), at which place he pur-
chased flour, which he traded with the Indians
for furs on his way to New Orleans. After
remaining several week in the city he took
passage on a sailing-vessel for Philadelphia,
from where he returned home partly by stage
and partly on foot. In 1810 he settled at
Lewistown and opened a store on the Diamond,
in the building now occupied as a barber-shop,
west of Mr. Selheimer's store. As business in-
creased, a younger brother, Joseph, came to the
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
501
place as clerk, and later became a partner, under
the firm-name of J. & J. Millikeu. The brick
store building on Market Street, now occupied
by I\Ir. John Clarke, was erected, and a general
store for the sale of dry-goods, groceries and
grain was opened. With increased facilities, their
business extended over a wide range of country.
Grain from all the surrounding region was
drawn to Lewistown, and in the busy season
as many as three thousand bushels per day
were received. They established a line of boats,
which carried from six to eight hundred bushels
each, to ship the grain down the Juniata and to
Philadelphia. After the canal was opened they
owned a number of canal-boats and mules,
which last were kept during the winter on some
of their farms in the adjoining township.
A mill, long known as the Millikcn Mill,
was purchased and refitted, and for many years
an extensive business in milling was conducted.
In addition, the firm established six or eight
branch stores in different parts of the county,
and were also engaged in the manufacture of
iron, being interested in the Martha and
Brookland Furnaces, in Mifflin County, and the
Hopewell Furnace, in Clearfield County. The
building of the railroad through the county, in
1847, changed the nature of their business, as
other stations along the line of the road became
centres for shipment of grain and produce, and
Lewistown from that time became only a station,
and her prestige as a distributing centre for a
wide range of country was gone, never to return.
James Millikcn died in 1851, aged seventy-
five years, leaving four children, of whom a
daughter Mary is now a resident of Lewistown.
Joseph Millikeu married Elizabeth Patton, a
daughter of Benjamin Patton, who for many
years kept the stage-house. Of their children
now resident in Lewistown are Margaret (ilrs.
D. W. Woods), Elizabeth (iMrs. Eobert W.
Patton) and Mary (Mrs. William Russell).
Another early merchant was James Criswell,
who, in 1806, ojiened a store, and later moved
to McVeytown, where he established a store
and, with his sons, conducted business many
years ; was proprietor at one time of the Brook-
land Furnace and associate judge of the county.
Francis McClure, still living, came to Lewis-
town in 1826, and opened a store on the corner
of the Diamond, in the Blymycr building, and
continued in that place until 1842, when he
was succeeded by George Blymyer, who, with
his sons, conducted for many years a large busi-
ness, dealing also in grain.
Of merchants now doing business in Lewis-
town there are but three who were in the town
in 1844, — .John Davis, saddler and harne.«.s-
maker, came in 1840; Xathaniel Kennedy, in
1842; and F. G. Franciscus, who began a
small hardware business November 1, 1844,
and in 186-5 erected the large building on
Market Street and entered into the wholesale
trade.
About 1820 R. LT. Jacobs erected a tannery
above the place where the old packet landing
was located. In 18.30 it was sold to Thomas
and John McKee, who continued until 1854,
when Thomas died. John remained in business
until 1860, when J. A. & W. R. McKee, sons
of Thomas, purchased the property and ran the
business until 1870, when it was abandoned.
The tannery building was destroyed by fire in
1865, but was rebuilt and is now used as an
armory for the National Guard.
R. U. Jacobs erected a tannery about 1830
on the corner of Third and Dorcas Streets,
which was operated by the McKees for several
years, and abandoned about 1850.
In 183;3, John R. Weekes, William Cogge-
shall and William Lockwood, under the firm-
name of Weekes, Coggeshall & Co., built a
foundry, which was called " The Lewistown
Foundry." Mr. Lockwood retired INIarch 5,
1834, and Weekes tfe Coggeshall continued
until July, 1836, when Mr. Weekes became sole
proprietor, and continued until 1855, when
John Ziegler and William Willis became the
owners. Several changes in ownership ensued,
and in 1864 Thomas Reece, Sr., ct Co. pur-
chased the property and ran the business until
1869, when a slight change was made and the
firm was called " The Weldon Engine and
Brass Company." Under this firm the business
was conducted until 1881, when James S. Wel-
don purchased it, and two years later the
present partnership (consisting of George W.
Elder, William Willis and James S. Weldon)
502
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
was formed, under the name of " The Lewis-
town Engine and Machine Company," under
whose control the business is still conducted.
In 1834 E. H. McClintock established a
furniture business in Lewistown, on Market
Sti'eet, on the site now occupied by his sons.
The building was burned in 1851 and a two-
story brick building erected, which has since
been enlarged to meet the demands. His sous
continue the business under the name of R. H.
McClintock <& Brother.
Anthony Felix come to the place in 1837,
and in the uext year purchased the furniture
business of Hopper & Kenney, which he moved
to the site now occupied by his son, W. H.
Felix. He continued in business until 1866,
when his son succeeded him, and in 1871
erected the present brick warerooms. Another
wareroom is on Dorcas Street.
The Logan Foundry was established by A.
B. Long & Brother about 1842, principally for
the manufacture of Hathaway stoves, of which
the firm made a specialty. In 1849 it was run
by Robert McManigle, in 1868 by Long &
Brother, and in 18()3 by D. Bearly & Sons,
who were the last. It was on the corner of
Elizabeth Street, across the Kishacoquillas
Creek from the main part of the town.
The Gleuorgan Iron Company own and carry
on two blast furnaces, one of which was built by
otherparties. Thatknownas the Duncan Furnace
was established by A. B. Long & Brother in
1846, and began operations in January, 1847.
It was op^-ated by them a few years and lay
idle for a time. In the spring of 1853, Etting,
Graff & Co., of Philadelphia, purchased the
property, refitted it as an anthracite furnace
and put it in blast in the fall of that year, with
Colonel William Willis as manager. The firm
and business continued until 1863, when the
Glenorgan Iron Company was organized and
purchased the property. The company was re-
organized in 1867, and in 1868 Colonel Wil-
liam Willis was elected president, and con-
tinued until 1873. In 1871 the company
erected a new furnace, fourteen feet bosh, lower
down and on the bank of the canal. This was
blown in soon after its completion and was
running until 1885, when it was blown out and
refitted with an increased capacity. At present
its output is one hundred and eighty tons per
week. The old Duncan Furnace has a capacity
of producing one hundred and twenty tons per
week.
The first mill in the town was built by John
Browu about 1800, and was continued down to
1820. It probably was on the site of the
present Lewistown Mills.
The old Milliken Mill, of which an account
will be found in Derry township, passed, in
1842, to John Sterrett, and was operated by
him a few years, when he bought and refitted
the large mill in the borough. This was de-
stroyed by fire December 24, 1849, rebuilt of
stone at a cost of thirty thousand dollars, and
opened for business June 28, 1850. Mr.
Sterrett continued in possession till 1860, when
the property was sold to Walter McAtee, who
conducted business there for seven years, and
sold to George Blymyer, who rau_it till January
1, 1880, and sold to William Willis, who, in
1883, sold to A. Greybill, the present owner,
who, with his son, still conducts the business.
About 1855, Marks and Mr. Birney erected
a steam grist-mill at the foot of Grand and
Water Streets, above the Juniata toll-bridge
(now the railroad bridge). In 1857 it passed
to William Willis, who operated it until 1864,
when he sold to Marks, who, the next year,
sold to George Blymyer, who continued the
business three years and abandoned it. The
mill lay idle until 1884, when Blymyer &
Rogers, the present proprietors, again fitted it
up.
In 1806 Rowe & Kulp were boat-builders
near the mouth of Kishacoquillas Creek. Boat-
yards were there also in 1847 and in 1863.
Allen & Gintner wei'e carrying on the busi-
ness.
The North American Tannery had its incep-
tion in 1866, when Jacob Spanogle, Andrew J.
and Andrew Spanogle, under the firm-name of
Jacob Spanogle & Co., purchased thirteen acres
of land of James Burns, on the limits of Lewis-
town borough, and in Derry townshij). Upon
this tract they erected a brick tannery, two hun-
dred and thirty-one feet by forty-five, with an
L one hundred and ninety-five feet by
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
503
tliirty-five, with slate roof, and filled with
two hundred and ten tanning- vats, twenty-eight
loaches and six limes and soaks and seven pools,
having a capacity of tanning twelve thou-
sand hides per annum. The firm contin-
ued until 187(3, when it was changed to
Spanogle <k Panebaker, and was operated by
them until 1880, when the property was bought
by William M. Panebaker, who continued until
the spring of 1884, when D. P. Lease and T.
E. McYitty, of Philadelphia, became associated
with him, and the business, from that time, has
been conducted under the name of W. M. Pane-
baker & Co.
R. H. Montgomery established a coach-
works in a brick building on tlie corner of
Third and Valley Streets in the year 1867,
and in 187.3 put in machinery for planing lum-
ber. Business was continued at that place until
1879, when it was moved to opposite the depot
of the Sunbury and Lewistown Railroad, where
it is still carried on under the same manage-
ment. In 1882 the manufacture of brick was
established in connection with the other busi-
ness.
In 1876 T>. C. Matter erected a large build-
ing on Logan Street, in which he placed steam-
jiower and planing-niill machinery, and began
business. He was succeeded, in 1880, by his
sons, L. W. Matter & Brother, who established
also, in the building, coach-works, and in 1885
added a flouring-mill, under the name of the
Globe Steam Flouring-Mill. These different
industries ai-e now being conducted by L. ^^'.
Matter & Brother.
Killian & Bailey established the business of
carriage-making on Third Street in 1878, and
in 1884 moved to their present place of busi-
ness, on INIai'ble and Logan Streets.
Lewistown Water- Works. — In thesupple-
mcnt to " An act to erect Norristown, in Mont-
gomery County, into a Borough, and for other
purposes," passed April 10, 1826, it was pro-
vided "that tiie corporations of the Borough of
Norristown and the Borough of Lewistown be,
and they are hereby authorized and empowered
to introduce into said borough a sufficient sup-
ply of Schuylkill, Kishacoquillas or other
wholesome water, for the use of said Boroughs,
at the e.xpense of said Boroughs ;" also " author-
ized to convey such supply i)y means of j)ipes,
trunks or aqueducts, and to provide cisterns or
reservoirs for the reception thereof." The bor-
ough was authorized to borrow not exceeding
eight thousand dollai-s for the purpose, and to
apply such part of taxes as was necessary for
the payment of interest ; work to be com-
menced and water introduced within five years
from the passage of the act. It" appear.?, by the
papers of the time, that work was commenced
by the borough authorities January 1, 1829,
and continued until the summer of 18-')0, but no
record is found giving the location of the water
supply.
On the 16th of April, 1838, the Lewistown
Water Company was incorporated, with seven
hundred and fifty shares of stock, at twentv dol-
lars per share. The company was organized and
work began on the reservoir June 7, 1839, under
the superintendence of Jacob Bearly. In the act,
authority was given the company to purchase
springs, streams of water or water-power for their
purposes. A lease of springs half a mile west of
the town, on the Uidge, was obtained, and work
was continued upon the reservoir and ditches
until August 12, 1839, when it was abandoned.
Subscriptions to the capital stock began in
1839 and were continued until 1843, when, by
an act of Legislature, five hundred additional
shares were allowed.
On the 1st of May, 1846, a committee, ap-
pointed by the company, purchased of David
W. Hulings twelve acres of land, including the
springs. Prior to this time water was intro-
duced into the borough from springs below this
tract, and in 1843 the first fire-plugs (six in
number) were erected on the main streetvs of the
town. The reservoir begun in 1839 was com-
pleted, and was fifty-three feet square at the
bottom, eighty-five square at the top and sixteen
feet in depth. The waters of the Hidings or
Upper Spring were added to the supply by
resolution of the board April 21, 1852. The
contract for furnishing and laying the pipe was
given to A, B. Long. By authority of an act
of Legislature, April 6, 1839, the county sub-
scribed for sixty shares of stock and the borough
one hundred and eighty shares.
504
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
On the 2d of April, 1853, the borough was
authorized, by act, to elect from the citizens of
the town one who should represent their inter-
ests in the board of management of the Water
Company. The borough retained the stock
until authorized to sell, April 9, 1864. The
reservoir is located two thousand one hundred
and thirteen feet below the Upper Spring.
Several springs are led to the main and add to
the supply.
In July, 1865, tliere was reported as laid
thirteen thousand eight hundred and fifty-two
feet of pipe. Since that time Chestnut, Logan
and several shorter streets have been laid with
pipe. August 5, 1872, it Mas resolved to issue
additional stock to the amount of five thousand
<lollars, or as much as was necessary to procure
an abundant supply of water. Prior to the
12th a lot on the Kishacoquillas Creek, adjoin-
ing the first railroad bridge of theSunbury and
Lewistowu Railroad, was bought for three hun-
dred dollars from D. M. Kline. A building
upon the lot was fitted for an engine-house. An
engine was purchased and pipes laid to conduct
water from the Kline lot to the terminus of
the water-pipes, at the end of Valley Street.
The water is pumj)ed from the Kishacoquillas
Creek and conducted in a six-inch pipe to a
receiver on the Kline tract. In 1880 a pro-
jiosal was made to procure a supply of water
from the Juniata River, as the water in the
springs was decreasing and pumping from the
Kishacoquillas on the increase. This plan has
not yet been adopted and the suppl}^ of water is
at present largely drawn from the Kishaco-
quillas.
The officers of the company are Colonel R.
H. Lee, of Logan, president ; William Russell,
treasurer ; and General T. F. McCoy, secretary.
The Lewistowu Gas Company was incorpor-
ated April 6, 1855, with authority to sell twelve
hundred sliares of stock at twenty dollars per
share. The company was organized by the elec-
tion of E. L. Benedict president, and John W.
Shaw secretary. Nine hundred and ninety
shares of the stock were sold, realizing $19,800.
A lot was purchased at the west end of Market
Street and on the canal -bank. A contract was
made with Theodore D. Irish, of Carlisle, for
the erection of gas-works and the laying of six-
inch mains in Grand Street and four-inch
mains in the other streets. The entire cost of
the plant was $1 9,800. Mr. Benedict was suc-
ceeded as president by Andrew Reed, who still
holds the position.
Banking. — The Juniata Bauk of Pennsyl-
vania, located on the j\[ain Street in Lewis-
town, was in operation in the year 1815. In
that year William Armstrong was cashier, and
he continued to hold that position until 1823,
when William P. Maclay succeeded him. Tiie
bank continued doing business until 1835,
when it failed. In January, 1841, David
Condor was appointed Sequestrator of its affiiirs.
The Bank of Lewistowu was chartered by
act of Assembly April 14, 1835, with an au-
thorized capital of two hundred thousand dol-
lars. At a meeting of the stockholders Joseph
Milliken was chosen president, and John Fors-
ter cashier. He soon after resigned to become
cashier of the Exchange Bank of Pittsburgh.
The teller, J. E. Whiteside, was elected cashier
to fill the vacancy, and R. F. Ellis was made
teller June 15, 1836. Mr. Whiteside died
July 23d of the same year, and A. W. Burns
was made cashier in October, 1836. On the
] 3th of December, Henry Stoner, James Par-
ker and Henry Long, a committee from the
stockholders, advertised for proposals to build a
banking office. A contract was made and the
present residence and banking office of William
Russell was erected for that purpose. In that
year R. F. Ellis was cashier. Ou the 8th of
December in that year the bank suspended
payment and was not again revived.
In August, 1849, the Bank of Lancaster es-
tablished a branch bank in Lewistowu, which
was placed in charge of William Russell. The
office of the Bank of Lewistowu was secured
and business opened. In November of that
year, by authority of the State, Mr. Russell
burned the remaining bills of the Bank
of Lewistowu. The Lancaster Bauk failed
about January, 1851, and Mr. Russell opened
the banking business ou his own account, and
has continued in business from that time to the
present.
The Mifflin County Bank was chartered on
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
505
the 2(3th day of March, 18(50, with an author-
ized capital of one huudred thoii.sand doHars.
It was not, liowever, until the 17th of Septem-
ber, 1861, that the organization was effected.
At a meeting of the stockholders held at that
time, E. L. Benedict was chosen president, and
on the 2d of October following, Robert H. Wil-
liams was elected cashier. The rooms now oc-
cupied liy D. W. Woods, attorney, were fitted
for a banking office and business was begun
October 29th in the same year, and was trans-
acted at that place until April 1, 1866, when
the office was removed to the present location.
The bank was reorganized as the Mifflin
County National Bank by authority of a
charter granted September 22, 1865, which was
renewed September 22, 1885. E. L. Benedict
remained president until January 10, 1871,
when Andrew Reed, who still holds the position,
was elected. Robert H. Williams resigned the
office of cashier September 20, 1864, and was
succeeded, October 4th of the same year, by H.
J. Waltei-s, who served in that capacity until
March 23, 1867, when David E. Robison, the
jiresent cxtshier, was elected.
A private bank was established in 1871 by
E. L. Benedict, and kept by him until his death,
in 1879, after which its business was suspended.
Oi-D-TiME Taverns and Modi-:rn Hotels.
— The first mention of a tavern at what is now
Lewistowu is given in an account of one Mc-
IMurtre, who was traveling through this region
on his way to what is now Huntingdon, in the
year 1776. In writing of it in late ye:irs, he
says : " T stopped at the solitary tavern of old
Mr. Buchanan, where Lewistown now is, and at
another cabin at Waynesburg." (The landlord
was an Indian trader, and in 1755 had located
a large tract of land at the mouth of the Kisha-
coquillas.) This tavern was also kept in 1788,
and probably up to the time of the laying out
of tiie town, as it was at the house of Arthur
Buchanan the first court was held. A writer in
the Columbia Magazine in the year 1788, in
a dc-;cri]ition of the Juniata River, says : " After
passing through the Long Narrows, that immedi-
atelv upon the otlier side stands the town or settle-
ment called Old Town, consisting of a tavern
and a few scattered hovels and containintr noth-
ing worth notice." This wa.s probably the tav-
ern of James Alexander, who was licensed by
the Mifflintown court in June, 1791. It was at
his house a part of the voters met in September
following, an account of which will be found in
the history of the Bench and Bar of Mifflin
County. At the September term of the same
year Hannah Howe and Jeremiah Daily were
also licensed to keep public-houses in Lewis-
town. In August, 1792, Michael Foncannon,
William Powers and Benjamin Brcarley were
licensed; in August, 179.3, Jeremiah Jacobs;
and in Aj)ril, 1795, Edward Williams. The
name of James Alexander as a tavern-keeper
soon disappears. It is jffobable that his tavern
was at the corner of Main and Water Streets.
On October 1, 1813, Elias W. Hale advertised
the property for sale, and says of it : " It has
been occupied for fifteen years and is now and
ever has been the only Stage-House in town."
The location was the natural place where Buch-
anan would open business when he came among
the Indians, and where the business clustered
for a long time. In 1823, and for some years
after, it was kept by Benjamiu Patton as " The
Stage House." It was later kept by Christo-
pher ^lills, Jacob G. Lebo, S. W. Stewart, and
last, from 1840 to 1844, by James Turner, who
in that year built, with Alexander Wilson, the
National Hotel. A room in Jeremiah Daly's
house was used by the grand jury ar different
times. INIichael Foncannon's tavern was on the
present site of Pratt's grocery. It was kept by
him for several years. About 1798 he ex-
changed property with David Jordan, who owned
the Seven-^Iile Tavern property, in the I^ong
Narrows. He, however, remained in the tavern
in Lewistowu until 1809, when he moved to
the Long Narrows, and David Jordan be-
became the landlord of the tavern in the town.
Jordan was succeeded by Abraham Householder,
Henry Spangler and Thomas Carr. The house
has not been used as a tavern for many years.
William Powers kept the tavern on the corner
of the squai'e, now occupied by the National
Hotel. In 1806 it was kept by his widow,
who later married Francis Ellis, after that event
the landlord for many years. It had not been
used as a tavern for several years prior to 1843,
506
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
in which year James Turner and Alexander
Wilson purchased the property, erected a large
part of the present liotel and opened it in 1845.
It has been kept by James Turner many years
and passed to Alexander Wilson, who rented it
to Adam Hamaker, James S. Gal breath, John A .
Ross and others. In 1867 the property was
purchased by Adam Hamaker and is now owned
by his heirs. It has since the purchase been
kept by J. D. L. Bear, Mrs. J. D. L. Bear, C. D.
Breneman, and at jJiesent William G. Thomp-
son is proprietor.
The tavern kept by Edward Williams in 1795
was from 1809 to 1812 kept by his widow
Mary.
In 1808 Peacock Major appears on the rec-
ords as owning a house and lot on the corner of
Third and Main Streets, which was the location
where he kept tavern for neai'ly thirty years.
It was famous for its long piazza, which was a
favorite resort for the sporting men of the town.
In 1833 it was assessed to his heirs, and was
soon after abandoned as a tavern. The site is
now occupied by the brick residence of Joseph
Miller.
Francis Ellis in 1809 was landlord of a log
tavern where Mrs. James Burns now resides, and
later was proprietor of the tavern on the site of the
National. On March 4, 1813, he advertised the
brick house on cornerof Main and Market streets,
fronting the court-house, as for rent as a house
of public entertainment, saying : " Its situation
renders it among the best stands for either a
store or tavern in the borough."
Andrew Reiser erected in 1810 a tavern on
the corner of Market and Brown Streets, \\hich
was known as '' The Bear." He was the land-
lord until 1813, when he rented it to James
Kinsloe, who kept it for several years.
The Valley House was kept about 1800 by
Samuel Sloane, and for many years after by
others, and finally abandoned. It was in later
years reopened, and is now kejrt by Mrs.
Breneman.
The Lewistown House, on the corner of Mar-
ket and Main Streets, on the square, ^\•as built
about 1820 by David Reynolds as a residence,
but he opened it as a hotel and kept it for sev-
eral years. He sold the property to James
Quinlan, of Philadelphia, who added the third
story, and in July, 1845, it was kept by him as
a tavern. In 1847 it was the property of Wil-
liam T. Moyer, and later passed to Adam
Hamaker, who kept it as a hotel for several
years and finally fitted it for a residence. The
property is now owned by his son.
In August, 1834, Daniel Watson laid out the
" Lafayette Gardens," and fitted up a house as a
place of refreshment at the west end of the bor-
ough, on the place formerly owned by James
Parker.
In 1833 the tavern-keepers of Lewistown
were as follows : Jacob G. Lebo, Samuel W.
Stuart, Daniel Eisenbise, Joshua Beale, Thomas
Osborne, John L. Porter, Francis W. Kinsloe,
Melker StofFey, Joseph Lechmere, Thomas M.
Elliot and James Sherrard. The house kept
by Daniel Eisenbise was the " Red Lion," which
stood on the site of the present Coleman House.
Major Eisenbise continued as landlord of the
" Red Lion " until his death. He was brigade
inspector for many years, and in the perform-
ance of his duty mustered the Logan Guards
into the State service in 1865.
A writer, in speaking of him, says, —
" Who can fail to remember the day when we were
mustered into the State service by our Uncle Dan in
gorgeous array, immense chapeau, glittering epau-
lettes, nodding plumes, with first-class horse equip-
ments? Who can forget him as he mounted his
charger at the Bed Lion Hotel, and in all the pomp
and circumstance of war gave rein to his steed and
bravely galloped out Market Street to the armory on
Logan Street with his fiice beaming with smiles? "
The Red Lion Hotel was destroyed by fire
some years ago.
The Jimiata House, located on the l);ud< of
the canal, was, about 1835, kept by John M.
Wiley, and in 1845 by S. W. Stewart, and later
by Major T. J. Hyneman.
The Union Hotel, now on Market Street, was
opened in the year 1830. The hotel at the
depot was completed in the fall of 1849, and
opened in March, 1850, by James Allison, as
proprietor. There were many other taverns
kept in an early day not here mentioned, but
which were of short-continuance.
BjiiDCiES. — The first bridge across the Kisha-
coquillas Creek at Lewistown, was built in
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
50?
1794 by Jolin Johnston, who contracted for its
erection with the commissioners of the county.
It is mentioned as being " opposite the public
square." The bridge was paid tor by the com-
missioners in 1795-96, in three orders, Nos. 4,
35, 48, which called for £106 13.s. 4cZ. each.
This bridge seems to have passed to the care of
the borough, and in November, 1802, a petition
was presented to the commissioners stating
"that the bridge over the Kishacoquillas was
out of repair and dangerous in passing," that
an entirely new bridge was needed, and that a
greater outla}' was required than the borough
authorities thought they could afford alone, and
they therefore asked the county to assist in the
erection of a new bridge. The commissioners
examined the bridge, but it was not until 1805
a new one was built at the place.' Contract
was then made with Isaiah Willis, who built the
present stone bridge and warranted it for five
years. There was a heavy flood in the creek in
the year 1810, and the last year of his warrant.
He was very much concerned for its safety, but
it was not affected.
A town-meeting was held at Lewistown, De-
cember 7, 1836, to consider the idea of building
a bridge over the Juniata River. The agitation
caused by this meeting brought forth fruit in the
presentation of a petition to the Legislature in
the session of 1837-38, and on the 4th of April,
1838, the Lewistown and Tuscarora Bridge
Company was incorporated. The commissioners
appointed to receive subscriptions and superin-
tend the erection were John Norris, James Mil-
liken, David Cummings, James Parker, Finley
Ellis, Abraham S. Wilson, James Dickson,
Samuel Comfort, William Reed, William Mayes,
yamuel Alexander and Henry Hall. The shares
were limited to five hundred, at twenty dollars
per share. Subscriptions were made, and on
August 7, 1840, the commissioners of the
county subscribed for one hundred shares of the
stock. The bridge was not completed for sev-
eral years, but was in process of erection by
William Shimp in the year 1847. On Friday,
the 8th, and Saturday, the 9th of October, in
' William P. Elliot says the bridge fell when a team of
horses with i\ loaded wagon were passing over it.
that year, the greatest flood since 1810 occurred
in the Juniata and Kishacoquillas Creek, and
the first span of the bridge was carried away.
The stone bridge over the Kishacoquillas was
entirely submerged and the buildings beyond it
were filled to the second story. The water
reached thirty-one feet above low-water mark.
From this time the bridge was pushed to com-
pletion, and in 1849 was in use and opened as
a toll bridge. It was used exclusively as a road
bridge until about 1865, when the Pennsylvania
Railroad wished to form a connection with the
Sunbury and Lewistown Railroad, and privilege
was obtained to lay a track acro.ss the bridge and
use it for the pa.ssage of trains. It was used as a
railroad and toll bridge until July 4, 1874, when
a high wind blew it down. In the mean time the
railroad company had purchased a controlling
interest in the stock of the company. The
bridge was immediately rebuilt and the toll
feature was abandoned.
Before the destruction of the railroad and
toll bridge there seemed to be a necessitv for
another bridge across the Juniata River, as ac-
cidents had occurred several times on the Water
Street bridge. An ajjpeal was made to the
county for assistance, and on April 15, 1874,
the commissioners made a contract with D. H.
& C. C. Morrison to build an iron bridge
across the Juniata at the foot of Market Street
for twenty-two thousand dollars, and with Wil-
liam G. Stahl for the mason -work for nine
thousand nine hundred and eighty-seven dol-
lars. The bridge was built in that year and
used a little over a year, when it fell, having
an insecure foundation. The commissioners
advertised for proposals to rebuild the bridge
June 30, 1876, and let the contract to the King
Bridge Company for fourteeeu thousand three
hundred dollars, the bridge to be completed in
November of tiiat year. It was completed at
the time specified, and has since done good
service.
Newspapers. — The first newspaper estab-
lished within the limits of the territorv here
treated was The 3Ii0in Gazette, published at
Lewistown in 1796. In its columns were pub-
lished the proposals for building the court-house
on the Diamond, and on the 18th of Mav in
508
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
that year, 1796, the commissiouers passed a bill
in favor of Joseph Charles for advertising the
proposals and for advertising unseated lands.
William P. Elliott, the oldest printer in the
United States and a native of I^ewistown, has
no recollection of hearing any mention even of
this paper or its edition. But the fact stated
above is in the minutes of the commissiouers
and was there found.
The Western Star, a four-column paper, was
later to George W. Patton, and in April, 1833,
was owned by William Ross, of Thompson-
town, who changed the name to Mifflin Gazette.
Later in the .same year it was purchased by
William P. Elliott, one of its founders, who re-
tained it until about 1839. The name was
again changed, and it was called the Lewistown
Gazette and Mifflin and Juniata Advertiser.
Richard S. Elliott, a lad of eighteen years and
son of the proprietor, assumed the editorial
^^^^2^.^
estaljlishcd on the 2()th of November, 1800, by
Edward Cole and John Doyle ; the latter re-
tired January 22, 1801, and Cole continued the
paper until about 1805, when, for some offense,
his office was destroyed.
The Juniata Gazette (now The Lewistown
Gazette) was established in the spring of 1811
by James Dickson and William P. Elliott ; the
latter retired in 1814. jNlr. Dickson continued
a few years and sold the paper to T. W.
Mitchell, who owned it in 1819. It passed
charge in the year 1835, but soon after went
West, and Mr. Elliott again assumed charge,
June 10, 1836, and continued a short time.
On January 5, 1837, the name of G. P. Ed-
miston appeared as printer and publisher. At
this time William P. Elliott retired finally
from editorial charge. He is still living at
Lewistown, and is now in his ninety -third
year. He was born in Lewistown January 12,
1793. His father was John Elliott, who kept
tavern in a log hou.se that stood on the site of
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
509
the banking office of William Russell. His
mother was Jane Power, a sister of Colonel
William ]^)wer, of what is now Perry County.
William P. Elliott attended school, in 1805, in
the old stone school-house, which is yet stand-
ing in the rear of the old brick house on Third
Street. He learned the printer's trade in Car-
lisle, and established the Gazette in 1811 with
James Dickson. He was in the War of 1812
and served seven months. He was afterwards
commissioned majt)r by Governor Snyder. His
presence at the unveiling of the monument to
Governor Snyder at Selinsgrove, in the summer
of 1885, was a marked feature of the occasion.
In 1815 he became interested in the manu-
facture of iron at Mt. Vernon Forge, below
Millerstown, -where he continued about t\\o
years. Keturning to Lewistown, he served
several yeare as deputy sheriff, and held other
local offices. He retired to a farm in what is
now Granville township and resided there
eighteen years, part of the time conducting the
(razette, of which he again became the pro-
prietor. In 1841 he removed to Lewistown ;
was appointed postmaster and served during
the terms of Presidents Harrison and Tyler.
He married Miss Emily Smith, of Huntingdon
County, March 17, 1814. Their children were
fourteen in number, of whom four are living, —
Richard S., John, Mrs. Anna King, of Pitts-
l)urgh, and Miss Jane P]lliott, who resides with
her fiither.
Richard Smith Elliott now resides near
St. Louis. He became interested with Captain
J. B. Eads in the construction of dikes or jet-
ties at the mouth of the Mississippi River, and
has been connected with the enterprise from its
inception to its completion. John resides in
Idaho. D. Stewart Elliott was a soldier in
the Mexican War and in the late war. He was
killed at Baxter Springs. James, the youngest
son, was also in the late civil war. He entered
the service May 5, 1862, as sergeant of Com-
pany H, Eighteenth United States Infantry. He
was in the battles of Murfreesborough, Chicka-
mauga. South Mountain and ^Mission Ridge.
E'or distinguished service in the last he received
honorable mention in the official report of the
commanding officer of the First Battalion.
From disease contracted in the service he died
in Henry Clay Hospital, May 1, 1864.
Reverting to the history of the Gazette, we find
that about 1839 it came into possession of
Henry Liebert, who changed the name to the
Mifflin County Gazette and Farmers' and Me-
chanics' Journal. In 1841 F. C. Merklein be-
came associated with Liebert and later wa.s sole
editor. In 1842 it was purchased by Adam
Grier, who published it one year and sold it to
William Ross, who, on November 18, 1843,
changed the name to The Lewistown Gazette, which
it still retains. On the 24th of October, 184G,
George Frysinger became editor and proprietor,
and continued its publication until March, 1865,
when he sold it to Daniel Over, who kept it
ten months and it was again taken by Mr.
Frysinger, who became the editor and G. R.
Frysinger publisher. In March, 1875, G.
R. & W. M. Frysinger beciune publishers.
The latter retiring in 1876, G. R. Frysinger be-
came local editor and publisher and George
Frysinger editor and proprietor. In January,
1883, the paper was leased to George F. & J.
S. Stackpole,who became the purchasers January
I, 1884, and are now editors and proprietors.
The Mifflin Eagle, a paper established in
Mifflintown was moved to Lewistown in 182(>
and published by D. W. Hulings and Levi
Reynolds from May in that year to 1832, wiien
it was suspended. It was succcetled by the
Lewistown Republican and Workingmen' s Ad-
vocate, which was established by John ^\'. Sliu-
gert and Stephen Cummings as a five-column
paper. The first number was issued August
II, 1832. The name of C. C. Hemphill aj)-
pears as editor and publisher November 15,
1836, succeeding John W. Shugert. Mr.
Hemphill was followed, in about one year, by
James A. Cunningham, who conducted the paper
until December 7, 1842, when it passed to
Henry Eisenbise. Henry J. Waltere became
associated in partnership January 1, 1844.
Under this management it continued until Jan-
uary 1, 1845, when James A. Cunningham be-
came the owner and Henry J. Waltei-s alitor.
The name was changed to The True Democrat.
In 1849 it passed to Henry J. Waltei-s and Wil-
liam R. McCay, by whom it was managed until
510
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
thedeathof Mr.McCay,in 1853. In 1854 it was
purchased by Henry Frysinger, who conducted
it until August, 187il, when it passed to D. L.
Sollenberger, who publislied it but a few weeks,
when it was merged witli tlie Democratic Senti-
nel, and, with change of name, is T/ie Demo-
crat and Sentinel as now published.
The Democratic Sentinel was established Sep-
tember 1, 1871, by the Democratic County
Committee of Mifflin County, with H. J.
Walters as editor. It was conducted under his
management until October 1, 1879, when it was
consolidated with the True Democrat, and the
name changed to the Democrat and Sentinel,
under the management of H. J. Fosnot, who is
editor and proprietor.
The Free Press, an independent paper, was
established February 13, 1880, as an eight-page
rpiarto, by M'. VV. Trout, who is editor and
publisher.
The Aurora, established in 1852 by W. F.
Shaw, was the organ of the American party for
some years. It expired, the press and material
being purchased for use in the West.
St'HOOLS.— rBy the plan of the town, laid out
in 1790, lot No. 1 20 was designated for a school-
house lot, and in 1804 it was deeded to the
county for that purpose. Upon this lot
a log school house was erected. It was made
of round logs, without regularly-formed win-
dows, but lighted by panes of glass fitted in
between the logs. A " nine-plate stove "
was in the centre of the room, the pipe from
which extended through the ceiling into the
loft, from whence the smoke escaped between
the logs and the roof. Boys were often put
in the loft as punishment, and it was not un-
common for the occupants below to be smoked
out through the mischievous covering of the
pipe by the little urchin above. The lot
is on Third Street, and is now occupied by the
old stone and brick school-houses.
William P. Elliott attended school in the old
log house in 1806. An Englishman by the
name of Robert Cooper was the teacher. He
afterwards taught at Strode's Mills, died there
and was buried in the old grave-yard at Lewis-
town. His widow, well-known by the older
citizens as " Aunty Cooper," was also a teacher,
and taught school from about 1810 to 1820 in
a little log school-house on Third Street, above
Brown. Mrs. Cooper and her niece, Betsey
Smiley (afterwards the wife of Rev. Mr. Yan
Home, who was also a teacher) lived in tlic
back part of the house. Mrs. A. B. Long was
a pupil who went to school in this house in 1815.
In the year 1809 what is now known as the
old stone school -house was built on the site of
the log house. James Kinsloe was the first
teacher in the stone house, and taught in
1809-10. Samuel Crawford was teacher in
1811; Alexander Coulter, 1814; Captain Theo-
dore Franks about the same time. Schools were
kept by subscriptions until the public-school
system was adopted. Immediately preceding the
adoption Jabez Si)encer and John H. Hickox
were teachers.
The free-school law was passed April 1, 1834.
A public meeting of the citizens of Lewistown
and Derry township was held to consider this
law September 6, 1834, and the court, at the
November sessions in the same year, appointed
Flphraim Banks and James Dickson as school
directors. The directors, on the 10th of March,
1835, jniblished that they would open three
schools on the 16th inst., free to all children
within the limits of the borough. At this time
an election had been held, and the directors
serving were Alfred Keiser, George W. Patton,
Joseph M. Cogley, Charles Ritz, William Cul-
bertson and A. Blymyer. The school directors'
report for the year 1835 says, —
" The Directors have labored under many disad-
vantages, owing to the difficulties in procuring com-
petent teachers and school-rooms. The additional ex-
penses for the 1st six months will be no more than the
sum required for the same length of time hereafter.
The number of scholars in the schools is 225 ; their
tuition in 6 months is $813.18, which would cost in
other schools by subscription, for the same number of
months, at an average of $2.50 per quarter, $1125,
or $311.82 more than the cost in the free schools,
making a saving in the year of $623.64."
The statistics of the report are as follows :
" Year ending November 1, 1835.
"Number of Scholars : Male, 114; Female, 111 —
total, 225. Number of Teachers : Male, 3 ; Female, 3.
Teachers' salaries, with assistants', $565.58. Number of
months taught, 6. Branches taught, Reading, Writ-
ing, Arithmetic, Geography and Grammar. Rents of
MIFFLIN COUNTY,
511
School-Houses, $59.00 ; Repairs and other expenses,
$197.60; Money received for Schools, $822.18. From
the State, $86.59 ; From the County, $100.00; From
the Borough, $489.05,— total, $675.64."
The three .schools that were begun in 183o
were increased from time to time, and in 1850
there were thirteen. On the 18th of Angust,
184!I, the School Board advertised for one first-
class and two second-class male and six female
teachers to take charge of the several public
schools to be opened September 17th. One of
the females was to teach a primary school
to be established in the north part of the bor-
ough. The teachers who were engaged for this
term were : Male Department, Rev. J. W.
p]lliot, William Lvtle, William Kinsloe, Miss
Jane E. Sherrard ; Female Department, Miss
Buck, Eliza McFarlaue, Mrs. Elizabeth Mc-
Donald, Miss Margaret Shaw, and Mrs. Ca-
ruthers.
In September, 1850, the directors advertised
that thirteen schools would be opened on Monday
(Kith) and more thereafter. The teachers in
that yetir were I^ytle, McCord, Barr, Esquire
Kulp and seven female teachers.
The old brick school-house, on Third Street,
was built under the public-school system and
was the leading school in the town. It was
used until the ct)mpletit)n of the present large
and commodious house in 1872. It is the inten-
tion to refit the old brick house and use it as
a school-house again to meet the demand for
more room.
The new school-house was built of brick, sev-
enty-five by ninety-one feet, in 1872, on the corner
of Third and Waj'ne Streets. It is three stories in
height, with basement, and the entire cost, in-
cluding the lot, was thirty-four thousand dol-
lars. The building is heated by a furnace,
and is under charge of a janitor, who, with
his family, resides in the building. Miss Mary
McCord was principal of the schools for sev-
eral years before the erection of the present
liouse and continued in charge at the new
building until the fall of 1880, when she
was succeeded by John G. Cope, of Chester
Couuty, who was the principal uutil the fall of
1885. George M. AVilner is now the principal.
The building contains thirteen separate schools,
under the <'harge of thirteen teachers. Six hun-
dred and fifty pupils are in attendance.
Lewistown Academy. — An act wa.s ap-
proved incorporating the academy March 11,
1815, with supplements passed April 10, 182(5,
April 3, 1852, and April 2, 1853. The title of
the act was " An Act for the establishment of
an academy for the education of youth in the
useful arts, sciences and literature, by the name
and style of the Lewistown Academy." The
trustees appointed in the act were the Rev.
James Johnston, Rev. ^\'illiam Kennedy, Rev.
John Hutchiu.son, Rev. Thomas Smith, Rev.
John Coulter, David Reynolds, James Knox,
Mathias Taylor, William Lyon, Richard Hope,
James Sherrard, Robert McClelland, William
P. Maclay, John Oliver and Andrew Banks.
The first election of trustees was to be held on
the first Monday of April, 1816. By the act
five poor children were to be admitted to the
school free for a term not to exceed two years.
William Maclay, as secretary of the board of
trustees, advertised for a teacher February 1,
1816. The academy building was not erected
until 1828. An act of A.ssembly passed April
10, 1826, authorized the trustees to build an
academy building " in or near l^ewistown."'
The building was completed in 1828, as men-
tion is made of it in the (razctfe, "with its bright
tin roof and belfry." Prof. John H. Hicknx
and his wife were the only teachers, and contin-
ued luitil after 1833. Since that time the prin-
cipals were as follows : Leavy, S. Carpen-
ter, Rev. D. L. Hughes, Prof. Alfred S. Williams,
W. H. Woods, Washington IMcCartney, A. J.
Warner, Azariah Smith, John I^aird, Rev. J.
B. Strain, Snyder, N. Foster Brown, W.
F. Schuyler, Myers. The building was
thoroughly repaired in 1872 and enlarged by
the erection of a boarding-hall. In October,
1883, the property was sold by the trustees to
George Miller, J. A. Miller and J. B. Selheini-
er, who, on the 18th of June, 1884, conveyed
the property to INIrs. Elizabeth J. Knotwell, who
at once opened it as an academy. The present
faculty and lioard of trustees are here given, —
Board of Trustees : H. R. Knotwell, President ; T.
M. Uttley, Esq., secretary; Wm. Russell, treas-
urer ; G. W. Elder, Esq., d" W. Woods, Esq., D. E.
512
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Robeson, Hon. Andrew Reed, F. G. Franciscus, H.
J. Culbertson, Esq., N. J. Rudisill, John A. McKee,
Esq., James H. Mann, William H. Felix, John W.
Shaw, Esq.
Faculty : Hetty T. Knotwell, English branches ;
James W. Cain, A. B., mathematics and languages ;
Euphemia C. Knotwell, primary department ; J. Em-
ma Knotwell, French and music.
From about 1825 private schools were taught
in different buildings in the town. The Rev. J.
W. Woods taught a school in a building adjoin-
ing the old Presbyterian Church. He was after-
wards a teacher in the academy. Mr. Leavy
taught a school prior to his taking charge of the
academy. Prof. Adams taught a school in the
court-house in 1835. Rev. James Van Home
was teacher of a private school and later a tutor
in the academy. A Mr. Anderson and a Mr.
Walters were also teachers.
Libraries. — An effort was made in 1801 to
establish a Library Company in Lewistown. A
subscription was opened, and on the 22d of Jan-
uary of that year Thomas Memminger adver-
tised in the Western Star that " a number of
shares have been subscribed for the establish-
ment of the Lewistown Library Company, and
the subscribers are requested to meet at the
liouse of Edward Williams, tavern-keeper, on
Saturday, the 7th of February next, at three
o'clock in the afternoon, to proceed to the or-
ganization of the company." Nothing further
is definitely known.
The Lewistown Library Association, now in
operation, was formed under a charter granted
January 7, 1870. An organization was at
once effected, one thousand dollars was sub-
scribed, and the money was invested in the pur-
chase of books, amounting to over a thousand
volumes. Thus was formed the nucleus for
the present libi-ary, which, by purchases and
contributions, now numbers two thousand and
fifty volumes. The library-rooms were for the
first three years in the Bachman building, since
which time the present rooms in the Lewistown
House, on Main Street, have been occupied.
George W. Elder was the first and only pres-
ident, David Robison the firstand only treasurer;
William R. McKee was the first librarian, and
was succeeded in 1875 by Miss Annie J. Clarke,
the present librarian.
The Apprentices' Literary Society was or-
ganized on the 4th of July, 1842, in the old
court-house, with twelve members. Henry J.
Walters was chosen president, and Isaac W.
Wiley (late bishop of the Methodist Episcopal
Church) secretary. The object of the society
was the improvement of the young men of the
town. Meetings were held for several years in
tlie academy and elsewhere. A lot was pur-
chased on Third Street, and the present brick
Apprentices' Hall was erected, and meetings
have since been held there. The society is still
active, and has a membership of about forty.
John A. McKee is president. The society is
represented by its members in all ranks of life,
and in its early days was a potent factor for
good.
The Presbyterian Church.' — The first
resident minister having charge of a congrega-
tion in this part of the county was the Rev.
Mathew Stephens, who, in 1785, settled in
what is now Bratton township, and preached
along the river at Waynesburg, Lewistown and
in Granville township until 1796. The next
minister of whom any information is obtained
was the Rev. James Simpson, an ordained min-
ister from " the kingdom of Ireland." He was
received January 7, 1800, under probation by
the Huntingdon Presbytery, in accoi-dance with
the standing rule in regard to foreign ministers.
" An application was immediately made by Lewis-
town and Waynesburg (Mc Veytown) congregations
to have Mr. Simpson appointed their supply for one
year. This request was substantially granted by
Presbytery giving Mr. Simpson only two other ap-
pointments, and allowing him to supply Lewistown
and Waynesburg at discretion.
" At a meeting of the Presbytery, held October 6,
1801, Mr. Simpson was admitted a member of the
Presbytery, his papers having passed the review of
the General Assembly previously, and the period of
his probation being thus ended and nothing appear-
ing injurious to his character up to that time. But
the next day a 'supplication' was presented from the
united congregations of Lewistown, Wayne and Der-
ry, on the Juni.ata, for Mr. Simpson for stated sup-
ply for one year, in which they promised to pay him
a salary of one hundred and sixty pounds ; and at
the same time a remonstrance signed by a number of
1 Compiled from the " History of Huntingdon Presbytery '
by Rev. William J. Gibson, D.D.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
513
the inhabitants of Lewistowu, opposing the settle-
ment of Mr. Simpson among them for any terra of
time whatever ; also a remonstrance from Derry and
Wayne, against his settlement among them. The
following action was taken by Presbytery in view of
these remonstrances: ' Wfierea.t, insinuations have
been made by remonstrances handed into Presbytery
by a commissioner from the congregations of Derry and
Wayne, injurious to Mr. Simpson's moral character,
the Rev. Messrs. John Johnston, John Coulter and
William Stewart, with Messrs. David Riddle and
David Caldwell, elders, were appointed a committee to
meet at the house of Mr. Casper Dull, in Waynes-
burg [McVeytown] on the loth day of this month
[October], and inquire into the foundation of these
insinuations and the truth of the reports said to be
in circulation ; and to send for those persons who
have, either in writing or otherwise, circulated them.
And if, after inquiry being made, it appears that they
are without foundation or cannot be supported, the
stated clerk is ordered to furnish Mr. Simpson with
proper credentials, he being about to travel out of
our bounds.'
" At an adjourned meeting of the Presbytery, held
in November following, the Committee reported 'that
having examined witnesses on oath, brought before
them by Mr. Simpson's accusers, they found nothing
sufficient to condemn him or deprive him of his cre-
dentials.' The minutes of the committee were sub-
mitted to the Presbytery, read, and their proceed-
ings approved. However, at the stated meeting of
the Presbytery, April 2, 1802, a paper was presented
to Presbytery, signed by three respectable church
members, pledging themselves to prove some aggra-
vated charges, as to moral delinquency, against Mr.
Simpson. Upon which. Presbytery apjiointed an ad-
journed meeting to be held at Lenistown the third
Tuesday in June following, and cited Mr. Simpson to
appear and answer to the charges exhibited against
him by these persons. At the time appointed the
Presbytery met to try the charges brought against
Mr. Simpson, heard the witnesses on the part of his
accusers and on the part of Mr. Simpson (it appears
that there was no church building then in Lewistown,
so they met in the court-house). The Presbytery
considered that the charges were fully substantiated
and suspended him from the ministry.
" As this may appear inconsistent with the report
of the committee sent to inquire into the reports in-
jurious to Mr. Simpson's character a short time be-
fore, and the approval of their proceedings in the
case, the following action was immediately had by
the Presbytery at the conclusion of Mr. Simpson's
case, viz. : ' Whereas it has been intimated to Pres-
bytery at our last Spring meeting, and there now ap-
pears some reason to suspect that the committee ap-
pointed to meet at Waynesburg in October last, to in-
quire into the truth and grounds of the insinuations
that had been made injurious to the character of Mr.
33
Simpson, did not transact that business altogether
consistently with the instructions of Presbytery.
Ri'iolved, that citations be issued to those persona
who were members of that committee, and also to
Judge Oliver and Gen. John Bratton to attend our
next fall meeting at East Kishacoquillas.' At the
fall meeting, as cited, the committee being present and
being heard in exj)lanation of their proceedings, the
following minute was made : ' Upon hearing the com-
mittee api^ointed on Mr. Simpson's case, the Presby-
tery are of opinion that any impropriety that took
place in that transaction proceeded from inadverten-
cy and not from design.' At the same meeting Mr.
Simpson applied to Presbytery to be restored to his
former ministerial standing, professing sorrow for the
crime of intemperance and other irregularities, but
denying the most aggravated charge brought against
him and asking Presbytery to be permitted to bring
forward some evidence which had been obtained
since the last meeting, which he supposed would
invalidate the testimony then given as to that part of
the charge. Presbytery consented to hear said wit-
nesses, but after hearing, did not see cause to modify
their verdict or restore Mr. Simpson.
"At the meeting of the Presbytery in April, 1803,
Mr. Simpson applied again to be restored, professing
the deepest penitence and humiliation for his past
conduct, particularly for those irregularities which
were the cause of his suspension ; at the same time
expressing his acquiescence in the proceedings of
Presbytery in his case, and acknowledging the justice
of thesentence passed on him, which he admitted to be
unavoidable from the evidence which appeared, al-
though his conscience (he said) would not permit him
to acknowledge real guilt, in regard to the more ag-
gravated charge. He also expressed deep sorrow for
his disorderly conduct since, particularly for continu-
ing to preach, in open contempt of the authority of
Presbytery, and on these professions asked to be re-
stored to the exercise of his ministry. Presbytery ap-
proved of Mr. Simpson's professions of penitence, but
could not see the w.iy clear to restore him until a
correspondent reformation evinced the sincerity of
that repentance, which he himself acknowledged to
be very recent. On the refusal of the Presbytery to
remove his suspension, Mr. Simpson ' snatched ' the
paper containing his confession from the clerk's desk,
treated the authority of Presbytery with marked con-
tempt and gave to every member present ocular evi-
dence that the whole of his solemn professions were
fallacious and hypocritical. Whereupon it was re-
solved (in view of the whole case — his conduct in
times past, and what occurred immediately before the
Presbytery) that Mr. Simpson be deposed from the
ministry ; and he was accordingly deposed.
" Mr. Simpson gave notice of appeal from the judg-
ment of the Presbytery, and the clerk was ordered to
furnish him with a copy of the proceedings in his
case. Whether this appeal was ever presented before
5U
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the higher courts, the writer has no present means
of ascertaining. One thing is certain: the sentence of
deposition was never reversed, the minutes of that
year being reviewed by the Synod, and no exception
taken, but to a few verbal inaccuracies. Of Mr.
Simpson no future mention is made in tlie proceed-
ings of the Presbytery. What became of him after-
wards, there may be those living who could give some
account, but it is not important. From all that is re-
corded of him, it may be reasonably inferred that he
was a man of good education, classical and otherwise,
possessing considerable popular talent as a preacher
and plausible address ; for as soon as he had any con-
nection with the Presbytery, applications were made
from important congregations for his services and the
Presbytery, at his reception as a probationer Irom a
foreign land, expressed entire satisfaction with his
examination."
The congregation was without a pastor for
several years. In March, 1805, a call was ex-
tended to the Rev. John Hutchison, which was
not accepted, as he became pastor of the Lost
Creek and Mifflinburg congregations. In 1810
the Rev. William Kennedy was called and
accepted, at a salary of four hundred and eighty
dollars per annum, two-thirds of his time to be
given to the church at Lewistown and one-third
to the West Kishacoquillas Church. He was
ordained and installed at a stated meeting of the
Presbytery held at Lewistown. He served tha
congregations until the year 1822. The follow-
ing is from the minutes of the Presbytery :
"About the close of the year 1821 reports injurious
to the character and usefulness of the Rev. William
Kennedy, pastor of the church at Lewistown, were
brought to the notice of the Presbytery. In particular
and specially he was charged with the intemperate use
of ardent spirits. Temperance had not in that day
attained the point or status of total abstinence. A
committee was appointed, to meet at Lewistown on a
designated day, to investigate the ground for these
reports and to take testimony. At the stated meeting
of Presbytery, April, 1822, the committee reported.
An adjourned meeting was held in May following,
with a view to the formal issuing of this case. At
that meeting, after hearing all the witnesses that could
be made to appear. Presbytery passed unanimously
the following minute, viz. : 'Although the testimony
received against the Rev. William Kennedy is not of
such a clear and specific nature as to subject him to
the high censure of suspension, yet, in the opinion of
Presbytery, his conduct has not always been so cir-
cumspect, in the case in which he is charged, as it
ought to have been, and he is hereby warned to be
more watchful in future, so as to prevent any ground
of suspicion, and that he guard against every appear-
ance of evil.'
"In the mean time Mr. Kennedy had resigned the
pastoral charge of the congregation at Lewistown, and
at the conclusion of his trial requested leave to travel
out of the bounds of Presbytery till the next meet-
ing.
" Mr. Kennedy's troubles, as well as those of some
other of his brethren, resulted from the common and
universal use of intoxicating liquors in that day. . . .
At the time of the investigation Mr. Kennedy denied
the charge in mild and humble terms, — ' I am not con-
scious of having acted improperly.' His contem-
poraries believed him to be a good and godly man,
and his subsequent lengthened ministry in a neighbor-
ing Presbytery was without reproach or suspicion.
October 1, 1822, Mr. Kennedy was, at his own request,
dismissed to the Presbytery of Erie, but ultimately
settled in the bounds of the Presbytery of Clarion,
where he continued to labor until his death."
At a meeting of the Presbytery held at Lewis-
town, November 24, 1819, James S. Woods,
a licentiate of the Presbytery of New Bruns-
wick, appeared with proper testimonials and was
received under care of the Presbytery. He re-
ceived a call from theWaynesburg congregation
for one-half his time, which was accepted.
In April, 1823, soon after the resignation of the
Rev. Mv. Kennedy, the Rev. James S. Woods
was appointed stated supply of the Lewistown
congregation for one year, and April 28, 1 824,
was installed as pastor for one-half his time.
He remained in this connection until 1837,
when, upon a call from the congregation of
Lewistown for all his time, he resigned the
charge of the Waynesburg congregation and
continued as pastor of the Lewistown con-
gregation until his death, in 1862.
Rev. James Sterrett Woods, D.D., was
born in Dickinson Township, Cumberland
County, Pa., April 18, 1793. He received his
literary and collegiate education at Dickinson
College, Carlisle, Pa. After graduating at
Dickinson College he entered the Theological
Seminary at Princeton, New Jersey. He was
licensed to preach the gospel by tlie Presbytery
of New Brunswick, N. J., in October, 1818,
and was received as a licentiate by the Presby-
tery of Huntingdon, Pa., November 24, 1819,
having accepted a call from the Congregation of
Waynesburg (now McVeytown) for one-half of
his time, at a salary of four hundred dollars a
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
515
year. He was ordained and installed as pastor
April 5, 1820. In April, 1823, be was ap-
pointed stated snpply of the congregation at
Lewistown and was installed as pastor for oue-
lialf his time April "28, 1824, at a salary of
three hnndred dollars a year. He served both
tliose congregations nntil 1837, when both gave
him a call for all his time. He accepted the
call from the Lewistown congregation, at a
salary of six hundred dollars per annum. He
continued the pastor of this church up to the
day of his death, which took place suddenly
June 29, 1862. In 1850 he was honored with
tlie title of Doctor of Divinity by the College
of New Jersey, at Princeton. He was married
to Marianno, youngest daughter of Rev.
Dr. John Witherspoon, one of the signers of
the Declaration of Independence, by whom he
had nine children — six sons and three daughters.
The eldest son, John Witherspoon Woods, died
January 7, 1839. James S. Woods, his fourth
son, was a lieutenant in the regular army, and
was killed in the war with Mexico, at the battle
of Monterey, September 21, 1846. Three of his
sons— Samuel S. Woods, David W. Woods and
William H. Woods — studied law and were ad-
mitted to pi-actice. Samuel S. Woods was
elected, in 1860, president judge of the judicial
district composed of the counties of Mifflin,
Union and Snyder. He died February 5, 1873.
The youngest son, Alexander M. Woods, studied
theology and became a minister of the gospel
in the Presbyterian Church, and is now pastor
of the church in Mahanoy City, Schuylkill
County. His daughters were Frances, jNIarianne,
Ann E. and ^Margaret J. Woods. Dr. Woods
was a sound, clear and practicsd preacher. His
ministry was a successful one, and he was in-
strumental in building up a strong church in
Lewistown. He ^^•as an exemplary pastor and
greatly interested in the young ])eople, not only
of his own church, but of the whole community.
He was very fond of and popular with the
children, and took great pains in their religious
training. He was hospitable to an unusual de-
gree, liberal and generous to a fault, and his
memory to this day remains fresh, green and
])recious with all who knew him.
At the October meeting of Presbvterv after
the death of the Rev. James S. Woods, in 1802,
the Rev. O. O. McClean was received by certifi-
cate from Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and a call from
the Lewistown congregation, placed in his
hands, which he accepted. A committee froni
Presbytery was appointed, and he was installed
as pastor of the congregation, and continued
until October, 1884, having served twenty-two
years. The congregation was without a pastor
for one year, and on the 1st of October, 1885, the
Rev. John Gourley, formerly of Indiana
County, Pa., assumed the duties of the position
and is now officiating. The church reports a
membership of three hnndred and fifty.
A lot was purchased by the society about 1820,
on the corner of Third and Brown Streets, and
a stone church edifice was erected thereon, and
used until the erection of the present church
building.
The old stone Presbyterian Church of Lewis-
town was taken down, and the new brick church
now standing on the same lot was erected
during the summer and fall of 1855. The
building stands on the southwest corner of Third
and Brown Streets, fronting fifty-six feet on
Third Street and ninety feet on Brown Street.
June 12, 1856, the new church edifice, having
been completed some weeks previously, was
dedicated to the service of Almighty God. The
services at the dedication were as follows : 1st, an
appropriate anthem of praise, " I was glad," etc.,
by the choir ; 2d, hymn of praise ; 3d, praver bv
the Rev. Dr. Rogers, of Philadelphia ; 4th,
hymn of praise ; 5th, a brief history of the
church and congregation by the pastor, the Rev.
James S. Woods, D.D. ; 6th, sermon by the Rev.
Dr. Rogers ; 7th, the dedicatory prayer by the
Rev. Dr. Plumer, of the Theological Seminary,
Allegheny City, Pa. ; Sth, hymn ; 9th, the
benediction by the Rev. Dr. Rogers. Previous
to the dedication sufficient money was subscribed
to free the church from all indebtedness. The
cost of the church edifice was twelve thousand
dollars, and the ladies of the congregation ex-
pended the sum of one thousand dollars in car-
pets, cushions and furniture.
LuTHER.4N Church.' — The Lutheran Church
'This sketch is taken from historical discourse bj Rev.
J M. ReimcDsnyiler.
51G
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
of Lewistowu dates back to 1796, when Rev.
Fisher preached in the old log jail. However in-
teresting might have been the doings of these
early days, our fathers have left no record. The
services evidently were few and the number of
worshippers equally so. In 1814, on the 3d day
of January, the Jjutheran and Reformed con-
gregations bought lot No. 119, on the south side
of West Third Street, for the purpose of erecting
a house of worship and of burying their dead.
For this lot they paid the odd sum of $66.56.
The names of the Lutheran trustees mentioned
in the deed are Andrew Keiser and John Ort.
This lot was purchased of Peacock Major. The
Lutherans held services at different times during
these years in the old jail and court-house, but
have left no record until ten years after the
purchase of this lot, when we find the following
interesting account of the corner-stone laying of
the first church, which took place on the 29th
day of July, 182-1. These ])roceedings were
recorded in an old book in German and a Ger-
man and English copy were filed with the
church papers. We give the paper in part, —
" zion's church.
"In the name of God the Father, the Son and of
the Holy Ghost. Amen. Be it known unto all men
that this building in the borough of Lewistown, county
ofMitflin and State of Pennsylvania, which shall be
called Zion's church, and into which walls we this
day, the 29th day of July, in the year of our Lord and
Saviour Jesus Christ one thousand eight hundred and
twenty-four, lay the corner-stone in the name of the
Holy Trinity. The German Evangelical Lutheran
and the German Evangelical Reformed members have
commenced to build this house in common and will
also finish it in the same way, and it shall from this
time and forever, as long as the world stands and the
sun and moon run their course, be used as a house for
worship by the German Lutheran and German Ee-
formed congregations. The gospel shall be preached
in its purity in this Evangelical Christian Lutheran
and Reformed church, so that it may be in accordance
with the constitution of both synods. This lot on
which we have commenced to build and also intend
to finish this Zion's church, was bought from Pea-
cock Major and his wife Martha, in the borough of
Lewistown, the 3d day of January, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and fourteen, by
Andrew Keiser and John Ort, as trustees of the Lu-
theran congregation of Lewistfywn and neighborhood,
and Christian Gro and Isaac Spangler, trustees of the
Reformed congregation of Lewistown and neighbor-
hood, for the sum of sixty-six dollars and fifty-five
cents. The deed dated on the above date will also
show that the above four named trustees or guardians
of the said Lutheran and Reformed congregations
have bought the said lot of Peacock Major and his
wife Martha for both congregations as aforesaid, for
their descendants, their heirs and assigns, and that
the above said congregations shall together forever
have equal rights to the same. The lot itself on
which this Zion's church is to be erected and in
which walls we, the trustees or guardians of the Lu-
theran and Reformed congregations, do lay the
corner-stone in the presence of the different members
of both congregations, as also in presence of all men
which are assembled here, is situate on the south side
of Third street, in the borough of Lewistown, border-
ing on lots No. 118 and 120, and in the plan of said
borough known as lot 119. If it should happen that
in the course of time the members of both congrega-
tions as aforesaid should become so numerous that
there should not be sufficient room for all the mem-
bers of said congregations on usual days of divine ser-
vice in this Zion's church, then shall the members of
both congregations have a right to do with said church
as they in their best opinion would think proper. That
is, to tear down said church and build a larger one
jointly or one or the other, or one of either congrega-
tions (no difference whether the Lutheran to the Re-
formed or the Reformed to the Lutheran), may sell
said church and give up all their right and title of
said church for the share which by right and accord-
ing to deed belongs to them, as also their share for
building said church, and then said congregations
have full right and privilege to build a new or other
church for themselves in their own name. But such
a separation and sale should never be done with dis-
pleasure and by no means with unchristian feeling
and discord, but in union and Christian love, as true
Christians and sincere followers of Jesus Christ should
do.
"And all that we will yet lay into tlris corner-stone
for the memory of our descendants of the German
Evangelical Lutheran and German Evangelical Re-
formed Zion's church, is a Lutheran and Reformed
Catechism, as also the following coins of the United
States, namely : One copper coin, worth one cent ;
one silver coin, worth one-half dime; one dime, one
five-dime piece, or half-dollar, and one ten-dime
piece, or a whole dollar. And now we put, as all
good Christians do, or at least should do, all our trust
in God, who has created the heavens and the earth
and all that is therein out of nothing, with the full
confidence that he will bless and prosper our children
and all our descendants from one generation to
anotherofboth these congregations, as well in relation
to their spiritual endowments, which all true Evan-
gelical Christians are most in need of, as also in re-
lation to their bodily wants. We all know that on
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
517
God's blessing everytliing depends, and if tlie Lord
will not preserve this church which we are about to
erect, all man's trouble and labor will be iu vain ;
therefore let us in our silent prayers entrust this build-
ing to Him in the name of the holy trinity, and after
it is finished we shall with His blessing consecrate it
to be a temple of God. He says My house shall be
a house of prayer; in the name of God the Father,
the Son and Holy Ghost. Amen. Written on the
d.ay and in the year first above mentioned, to which
we, the trustees of this common Zion's church, in the
name of Jesus Christ, our Lord and Saviour, and in
the presence of these witnesses, have hereunto set our
hands and seals.
"John Ort [Seal].
" Daniel Rauch [Seal].
" Christian Hoover [Seal].
" George Beck [Seal].
" Witness :
" F. O. Melsheimer.
''L W.Schmidt, Evangelical Lutheran, in Union
County.
" John Felix, Evangelical "Reformed, in Union
County.
"Daniel Rauch, ] d /j u
, ^ ' \ Builders.
Christian Hoffman, J
This churcli, built jointly by theGerman Luth-
eran and German Reformed congregations, was
completed in less than one year, and was dedi-
cated on the 12th day of June, 1825. Rev.
A. H. Lochman and Rev. D. Weiser were the
officiating clergymen. This fact is the first item
recorded in a regular church record. From
this time forward we have landmarks leading
us in the way of our fathers. From this date
the Lutherans continued to increase in numbers
and prosperity. The two congregations were
incorporated on the 9th day of July, 1827, under
the title of the Evangelical Lutheran and Re-
formed United Church of Zion. From these
records we find that the first church was called
Zion's Church. On the 10th day of June, in
the same year, we have the first list of communi-
cants. There were ninety communed and four-
teen confirmations. It is further recorded that
of this number, thirty-eight attended the pre-
paratory service. It is hardly likely that all
of these were Lutherans, but more likely com-
posed of the members of both congregations. The
Reformed denomination, however, must have
been very we:dv, as they had no pastor of tiieir
own, and are not mentioned iu the proceedings
of the congregation later than 1828.
At a meeting of the councils of the two con-
gregations, held at the house of Henry Eisen-
bise, on Wednesday evening, the 4tJi of April,
1827, a constitution was adopted, wliich we still
have. The only thing peculiar about this docu-
ment is that it was copied from the formula for
the government of the Lutheran Church, as
adopted by the General Synod, and that the
copyist omitted the name of the Reformed in it
from one end to the other. He evidently was
a Lutheran. This error was corrected after-
ward with a lead-pencil. In the back part of
this old constitution book are a few resolutions
which complete the history of this early period,
'^ First. None but the members of the Lutheran
and Reformed congregations who contribute regularly
to the church shall have privilege to bury in the
Lutheran and Reformed burying-ground.
" Srennd. Respectable members of other congre-
gations, by paying three dollars, shall have privilege
ofagrave, unless two-thirds of the council object to it.
" Third. The church council shall have power to ad-
mit respectable poor persons who have not been able
to contribute anything to the church."
Three names are found connected with all the
business of the church in those days, — appear-
ing on every page. They were the pioneers and
are given now that they may be handed down
to succeeding generations. They are John Ort,
Sr., Christian Hoffman and F. A. Melsheimer,
and also that of Henry Eisenbise.
"Aunty Marks" appears among the faithful
ones recorded iu the earliest list of communi-
cants. This church building is still standing,
situated on the south side of ^^'est Third Street.
It is now known as the Henderson fire engine
house. It is even yet quite a respectable struc-
ture, and was, at that early day, a very good
church. The graveyard lot in the rear of the
old building is still the property of this con-
gregation. It has not been used as a place of
burial for many years. Xearly all the bodies
interi-ed there were removed to the present
Lutheran Cemetery some years ago. This
church building and this burying-ground were
used by the congregation for a period of twenty-
six years.
A few items will close this period and bring
the history down to 18-19. The first church
was not frescoed, but the walls were kept pure
518
JUNIATA AND SHSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
and clean. This resolution was passed by the
council February 25, 1844, —
" Resnloed, That the walls of the church be white-
washed preparatory to the next communion."
There were some progressive movements in
those days. L. Mcllwaine was employed by
the council to give the choir one quarter's sing-
ing. The salary of tlie sexton was raised from
nine dollars to twenty five dollars. The pas-
tor's salary, or rather the part paid by Lewis-
town, which was nearly all of it, was three
hundred dollars. A resolution to raise it to
tliree hundred and fifty dollars failed. This,
however, was apparently based upon the un-
popularity of the pastor. A balance due the
pastor of eighteen dollars at the end of the
chuuch year proved quite a trouble. A sub-
scription started in the council resulted in
raising six dollars, each member giving fifty
cents. Finally a committee was appointed to
solicit subscriptions in the country. March 14,
1847, Rev. Flint preached a sermou which
greatly disturbed the peace of the congregation,
and he felt necessitated to hand in his resigna-
tion, which was at once unanimously accepted.
The subject of the sermon is not recorded ; but
some whose memories extend to that day say it
was "Temperance." During the next pastorate
the salary for Lewistown was increased to four
hundred dollars. During all these years there
was a steady increase of membership. Pro-
tracted meetings, catechetical classes and con-
firmations are regularly recorded, the number
of additions running up at times to twenty-
seven. We now lay aside the old book, with
its occasional and brief records, and take np
one which introduces a period more familiar to
all. The services of Colonel John Hamilton
(deceased) date from this period, being secretary
of the council nearly all the time until the mid-
dle of the present pastorate. Colonel Hamil-
ton, long known as an active member of the
congregation, kept a careful record of all the
important transactions of the congregation. He
was always interested in the past history of the
church. This latter ])eriod is so full of doings
that it will be impossible to do more tlian men-
tion the specially important transactions. The
very first record of this book, under date of
October 20, 1849, is a resolution to build a new
church. A building coQimittee was appointed
at that same meeting, consisting of Rev. John
Rosenburg, James L. Mcllwaine, David Bloom,
John Hamilton, Jonathan Yeager and John
Ort, Sr. Henry Dubbs was instructed to pro-
cure a plan. The building of the church was
first let to Isaiah Coplin for three thousand
seven hundred dollars, being the lowest bidder.
Articles of agreement were signed January 10,
1850. He, however, having taken the church
too low, afterwards declined undertaking it.
The lot on which this building stands was
purchased May 27, 1850, and wa.-^ known in
the plan of the borough as lot No. 152. The
chain of title is traced back to 1792, there be-
ing a deed in our hands of that date.
The congregation was incorporated by an act
of Assembly appproved May, 1850, under tiie
title of" St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church
of Lewistown, Pa." This act of incorporation
took the place of the old incorporation, under
which the two denominations were bound by
one title. It invested all the rights of the old
property in the Lutheran Church, and specified
the right to sell or tear down or use the material
in the old building. December 2d of this year
John Ort and Daniel Fichthorn were appointed
to fill vacancies in the building committee. Up
to this time over two thousand dollars had been
paid to Coplin, when the building committee
took the church in their own hands. It was
given to George Carney, December 21st, to
complete upon his bid of one thousand seven
hundred and fifty dollars. Mr. Carney, how-
ever, refu.sed to sign an agreement, when the
specifications were read, and it was finally let to
John R. Turner for one thousand nine hundred
and twenty-five dollars. The old church was
sold to Joseph F. Yeager, April, 7, 1851, for
four hundred dollars. April 21, 1851, the
{iouncil held a meeting in the lecture-room of
the new church. This is all the record we have
of any meeting held in the new church, which
was now rapidly nearing completion. About
ten o'clock on the night of January 28, 1852,
the new church was discovered to be on fire and
an alarm was immediately made. It appears
that the fire was discovered very soon after it
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
519
had commenced, and could easily have been ex-
tinguished had there been a supply of water.
It seems there had been a misunderstanding for
some time between the borough officials and the
water company as to the obligation of the latter
to furnish a sufficient supply of water as a pro-
tection against fire. No effijrt was made to re-
move articles from the building, as all con-
fidently hoped the fire could easily be controlled.
After the hose companies ap])eared and made
the fatal discovery that water was wanting, the
fire had gained such headway that only a few
benches were saved. The beautiful structure,
much the finest in town, was soon a mass of
smouldering ruins — nothing but the bare walls
remaining. This was the saddest night in the
history of the thriving congregation.
As no fire had been at any time about the
building, tiie fire commencing in the steeple and
the night being calm, the opinion has always
prevailed that the fire was the result of a willful
act. True to the spirit of their fathers, a meet-
ing was held the next morning, January 29,
1852, at the home of F. Swartz, where we find
the following action :
" Wherea-1 the new Lutheran church was consumed
by fire last ni<rht, by the hands of some incendiary
unknown to the church, the church being almost fin-
ished by the contractor, John R. Turner. Therefore,
"Reniiloed by the Trustees and Church (Jouncil of
the Evangelical Lutheran Congregation of the bor-
ough of Lewistown and its vicinity that we will
proceed to rebuild the Lutheran church."
Hesolutions of sympathy were passed by all
the churches of the borough, and each one
kindly offered the use of their church for one
Sabbath service. The building had been insured
for three thousand dollars. The trustees had
considerable difficulty in securing this money.
At one time a resolution was passed to bring
suit against the company. A compromise finally
was made in which the council agreed to settle
for fifteen hundred dollars. x4.])ril 26, 1852,
the building committee were authorized to re-
ceive proposals to rebuild the church, and the
name of Jacob Ort was added to the committee.
Through the confusion and misunderstanding
between the insurance companies and the con-
tractor, the lot and ruins were sold by the
sheriif, but were purchased by Daniel Fichthorn,
well known to the older members of our congre-
gation, and were repurchased by the congrega-
tion June 21, 1852, for $451.50. The re-
building of the church was finally given to
William McClure for thirty-three hundred
dollars, to be built on the old walls.
The old bell was purchased at Harrisbnrg
for $186.50, and weighed five hundred and
twenty-nine pounds. Rev. C. M. Klink
preached the first time in the present lecture-
room January 16, 1853. The congregation
was now in straitened circumstances. A
mortgage for one thousand dollars was given,
which increased to fifteen hundred dollars
before it was removed. The congregation
would certainly have failed at this time had
it not been for a few persons who made great
sacrifices. The old church, which had again
passed into the hands of the trustees, was
sold to the African Methodist congregation.
The trustees evidently were in doubt as to the
financial ability of their colored bi-ethren, from
the conditional clauses found in the agreement.
The colored friends, too, felt uneasy under these
shackles, and after paying one hundred dollars
asked to be relieved, which was promptly done
and the money paid by them refunded. Tlie
building was finally sold to the borough and
used by it as a hose-house.
Dr. F. W. Conrad, editor of the Lutheran
Observer, preached the sermon when the church
was dedicated. May 15, 1853. The amount of
money subscribed that day was $719.19. Dur-
ing this year the present parsonage was built
and the salary raised to six hundred dollars,
and that of the sexton to fifty dollars. Daniel
Fichthorn was the contractor for the building
of the parsonage. In 1856 the salary was
raistd to eight hundred dollars, and steps were
taken to aid the Jack's Creek congregation to
secure a pastor, so that the pastor could confine
his labors to the Lewistown congregation.
During this prosperous year in the new church
eightv-five members were added. In addition
to all the expense of this and the past year, gas
was introduced into the church, and the pulpit
and other fluid lights presented to the Jack's
Creek congregation.
In 1858 a mortgage was entered against the
520
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
new parsonage for fifteen hundred dollars, which
by considerable efJbrt was raised by subscription
in 1860. It was to remove this mortgage that
part of the present cemetery lot was sold.
In 1865 the pastor, having received and ac-
cepted a call to another field, thought it a good
opportunity to give the council a plain talk as
to their duty and neglect of duty, whereupon a
member of the council returned the favor by
giving the retiring pastor a few hints as to his
duty and neglect of duty. They, however,
])arted on good terms. April 9, 1865, Rev. J.
B. Reimensnyder, D.D., now pastor of St.
James Lutheran Church, New York City, and
brother of the present pastor of this church,
was unanimously elected pastor of this congre-
gation. During the next pastorate the salary
was raised to one thousand dollars, and that of
the sexton to one hundred and twenty dollars.
The church building was extensively repaired,
at a cost of over three thousand dollars. The
gallery was removed, and the choir changed to
their present position near the pulpit. The lec-
ture-room was also remodeled ; the audience-
room was frescoed and the present stained glass
windows purchased.
The pastorate of J. H. Brown was especialh'
a prosperous and happy one for both pastor and
people. The congregation had increased largely
in its membership and usefulness. It was only
ended by his death, on Monday morning, Sep-
tember 14, 1874. Pastor Brown had won the
affection and esteem of the entire community,
and was held in high regard by his brethren.
This was the second time that death had de-
prived them of a pastor, Rev. Koch having
been killed by being thrown from his horse in
the Long Narrows. On February 7, 1875, the
present pastor. Rev. J. M. Reimensnyder, was
unanimously elected. He took charge on the
first Sunday of March of the same year. The
present pastor has resided in Lewistown nearly
four years longer than any former one, having
entered upon his ninth year the 1st of March.
During this time the church and parsonage
have been improved at various times. The
spire carried away by the tornado of July 4,
1874, was replaced by another which was com-
pleted July, 1876. A new bell, weighing with
the frame over one thousand pounds, made of
2:>ure bell metal, was ]iurchased at a cost of over
three hundred and fifty dollars. In 1882 re-
pairs were made at a cost of over two thousand
three hundred dollars. The church was re-
opened with appropriate services and a sermon
by Rev. M. A^alentine, D.D., September 24,
1882. The beginning of the present pastorate
was marked with the addition of seventy-five
members within the first year. During the
entire eight years the increase of membershi])
had averaged thirty-six. The benevolent opera-
tions of the congregation have more than
doubled that of former periods. A young
people's religious society was formed by the
pastor in 1875, which has been of great service.
The congregation to-day numbers three hun-
dred and thirty-eight regular communicants,
and the Sunday-school three hundred and fifty
scholars. The history of the congregation is
concluded with the names of all who have
served it as pastor, —
Revs. Fisher, Koch (killed by being thrown from
his horse in the Long Narrows), Gensel, Schnepa<h,
George Hime, William Hime, John Smith, A. H.
Lothman, Nicholas Stroh, J. RuthraufF, George
Yeager, Cliarles Weyl, C. Lepley, 8. Schmucker,
Thomas M. Flint, John Rosenberg, C. M. Klink,
Henry Baker, H. R. Fleck, J. B. Reimensnyder J.
B. Baltzly, J. H. Brown (died at the parsonage Sep-
tember 14, 1874), J. M. Reimensnyder.
Associate Reformed Church. — The old
brick building standing on Third Street, now
used as a dwelling-house, is said to have been
the first house of worship ei-ected in Lewis-
town. It was built by members of the Asso-
ciate Reformed congregation, of whom but
little is known. It has been used by different
congregations of the town at various times. The
Rev. John Eliiot preached in the house to
a New School Presbyterian Society which did
not form an organization as a church. It was
sold to the Baptist Society about 1847-48, who
kept it a few years and conveyed it to the orig-
nal owners. Later it came into possession of
General James Burns, who converted it into
dwelling-houses.
The First Methodist Society. — The first
Methodist in the town of Lewistown was
Charles Hardy, as is clearly shown in the let-
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
521
ter given in the history of the early settlement
of the place. He evidently prevailed on preach-
ers to come there, as services were held in the
old log jail, which was torn down in 18()2-.3.
The Rev. Mr. Davis and the Rev. Mr. Gilwal
visited the place before 1812, and in May of
that year the Rev. Mr. Stevens preached. On
the 5th of January, 1815, the Rev. Mr. Buck
held service, and in that year the Methodist So-
ciety in Lewistown was formed and placed in
charge of the Anghwick Circuit, Rev. Tobias
Reilly, pastor, and Rev. Jacob Gruber, presid-
ing elder.
Tiie first person who united with the Method-
ists in Lewistown was Mrs. Jane Gillespie,
who was soon followed by a number of others,
when a class was organized and Peter Smelker
appointed the first leader. The names of tlie
members of this infant organization, as far as can
now be ascertained, were John Gillespie, Jane
Gillespie, Charles Hardy, Minnie Hardy, Henry
Butler, Rachel ISIcCord, Jane McCord, Mar-
garet McCord, Mary McGinness, Rachel Wor-
ley. Experience Row, Nancy Row, Samuel
Martin, Jacob Wonder, Hannah Wonder and
a Mr. and Mrs. Graham.
For some time the Methodists, as well as the
Presbyterians, worshipped in the old court-house.
Subsequently the former occupied the old stone
school-house in the rear of the long brick school-
house building on West Third Street. In 1815a
small brick edifice was erected oh East Third
Street, midway between Brown and Dorcas
Streets, and was occupied as a place of worship
until 1830, being the same building subsequently
used by the Baptist denomination, and owned by
the heirs of General Burns. Early in the year
1816, Elizabeth Keiser (now familiarly known
as Mother Stouer) joined the struggling band,
and one of her first acts of benevolence was to
collect seventy dollars to pay for the plastering
of this antiquated structure. In 1830 a larger
church building was erected on the corner of
Dorcas and Third Streets, and this becoming
too small for the rapidly-increasing congrega-
tion, galleries were added about the year 1844.
In this shape it was used until the pastorate of
the Rev. D. S. Monroe, 1867-69, when it was
remodeled and enlarged as it now stands.
Lewi.st()wn remained a part of Anghwick Cir-
cuit until the close of the Conference year 1833,
when it was set apart as a .station, and the first
stationed preacher was Rev. S. Kepler, who
served the charge in 1834. But few are now-
living who united with the church previous to
this time. In 1874 but six are among the
membership who were in the society before
Lewistown became a station, — Nancy Row, Mrs.
Stoner, Mrs. John C. Sigler, George Wiley, and
Mr. and Mrs. John Evans, all of whom are
still quite active in the church. Many of pre-
cious niemory who identified themselves with
Methodism here during the earlier periods of
its history have passed away — such as Andrew
Keiser and wife, Mrs. Dr. Ard, Mrs. George
Green, James McCord and wife, Jo.'^eph ^Martin
and wife, Jane McCormick, Henry Stoner, Mrs.
William P. Elliott, Elizabeth ciark, Margaret
Hardy and others.
The foregoing sketch wa.s written in 1874,
and as it contains all the material history to tiie
present time, it is here given. The following is a
list of the ministers who served this charge when
it was on the Anghwick Circuit and after it be-
came a station," until now :
In 1815, Jacob Gruber was presiding elder on the
Aughwick Circuit, whose term ended with 1817. The
preachers were in 1815, Tobias Kiley and William
Butler; 181(5, Thomas Larkin and Jacob L. Brom-
well ; 1817, Samuel Davis and James Wilson.
1818-21, , presiding elder. 1818, Thomas
Larkins and William Hamilton ; 1819, Gideon Lan-
ning and Jacob Larkin ; 1820, Robert Cadden and
Bazel Barry ; 1821, Robert Cadden and William P.
Poole.
1822-25, , presiding elder. 1822. Thomas
McGee, Jacob R. Shepherd and N. B. Mills; 1823,
Thomas McGee and John Bowen ; 1824, Robert Min-
shall and John A. Gear; 1825, David Steele.
1826-29, , presiding elder. 1826, Joseph
White; 1827, Joseph White ; 1828, Jonathan Mun-
roe; 1829, Amos Smith.
1830-33, David Steele, presiding elder. 1830, Amos
Smith; 1831, Samuel Ellis and Josiah Forest; 1832,
Henry Taring and Peter McEnally ; 1833, Henry
Taring and Thomas Larkin.
183-t-37, R. E. Prettyman, presiding elder. 1834,
Samuel Kepler (Lewistown became a station) ; 1835,
Tobias Riley; 1836, Henry Taring; 1837, Henry
Taring.
1838-40, John Miller, presiding elder. 1838, Joseph
Merrikin ; 1839, Joseph Merrikin ; 1840, John S.
522
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Martin ; 1841, David Thomas (George Hildt, presiding
elder, 1841).
1842-45, Henry Furlong, presiding elder. 1842,
Thomas Myers (great revival) ; 1 843, G. G. Brooks ;
1844, G. G. Brooks; 1845, George Giiyer.
1846-49, John Miller, presiding elder. 1846, George
Guyer; 1847-48, Mayberry Goheen ; 1849, S. V.
Blake.
1850-53, T. H, W. Monroe, presiding elder. 1850,
S. V. Blake ; 1851-52, James H. Brown ; 1853, Ben-
jamin H. Creaver.
1854-57, A. A. Eeese. pre.siding elder. 1854, Ben-
jamin H. Creaver ; 1855, G. W. Cooper ; 1856, William
Wickes; 1857, Joseph A. Ross.
1858-61, John A. Gere, presiding elder, 1858, Joseph
A. Ross; 1859-60, Samuel Kepler; 1861, J. S.
McMurry.
1862-64, George D. C. Chenoweth, presiding elder.
1882-63, John Guyer; 1864, Samuel Barnes.
1865-38, Thomas Barnhart, presiding elder. 1865-
66, Wilford Downs ; 1867-68, D. S. Monroe.
1869-72, B. B. Hamlin, presiding elder. 1869, D. S.
Monroe; 1870-72, John Thrush (died July, 1872).
1873-76, Milton K. Foster, presiding elder. 1873-75,
W. G. Ferguson ; 1876, G. T, Gray.
1877-80, Thompson Mitchell, presiding elder.
1877-78, G. T. Gray; 1879-80, Samuel Sears.
1881-84, Richard Hinkle, presiding elder. 1881-83,
Thomas Sherlock; 1884, John J. Pearce (present
pastor).
1885, Jacob S. McMurry, presiding elder.
St. Mark's Episcopate Church. — Tlie fir,st
clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal Chnrch
to hold service in this section of country was
the Rev. Charles Snowden, -who, in 1820,
preached in the old court-house, that then stood
in the Diamond. He soon after was rector of
an Episcopal Church that was organized in
Thompsontown, now Juniata County. In the
spring of 182.3 the Rev. Norman Nash, a mis-
sionary of the church, sent out from Philadel-
phia, visited the town and organized the parish,
the members of which elected a vestry. Late
in the same year application was made to the
Legislature for a charter of incor])oration, which
was granted January 2, 1824. The following
were constituted as corporators : Adam Strode,
James Kellogg, Jr., John Hoyt, Sr., Ellas W.
Hale, Christopher Marks, David W. Huliugs,
William P. P^lliott, William A. Patterscni and
Robert Buchanan.
The parsonage adjoining the church was the
gift of the daughters of Elias W. Hale to the
congregation. The addition of fifteen feet to
the rear of the church building and the stone
front were made under the pastorate of the Rev.
Thomas Martin. The chapel was erected under
the care of the present rector. Soon after the
society was incorporated a lot was secured on
Main Street, and in the same year the present
brick church building was erected, and conse-
crated in the fall of the same year by Bishop
White.
The Rev. Mr. Nash, who remained with the
society for a year or two, was succeeded by the
Rev. Robert Piggott, D.D. (afterwards rector of
Holy Trinity Parish of Sykesville, Md.). The
following is a list of his successors :
1828, Rev. John P. R-.binson ; 1832, Rev. Corry
Chambers; 1835, Rev. T. M. Whitesides ; 1836, Rev.
J. T. Hofi; D.D. ; 1839, Rev. J. B. Noblitt ; 1840, Rev.
W. T. Brown; 1840, Rev. W. W. Bronson ; 1843,
Rev. H. T. Heister; 1849, Rev. T. B. Lawson, D.D. ;
1853, Rev. George B, Hopkins; 1854, Rev. J. T.
Hutchinson; 1855, Rev. W. Bowers; 1S60, Rev,
John Lcithead ; 1865, Rev. Edward Hall ; 1868, Rev.
Thomas Martin ; 1874, Rev. W. Henry Piatt ; October
1, 1883, Rev. B. F. Brown, the present pastor.
Churoh OF THE Sacred Heart. — At the
time the Juniata Canal was building, many Cath-
olics were among the workmen, and Father
Millaly was placed in charge of members of the
Catholic faith in this region. Services were
held at different places along the line. Lewis-
town was a central point, and it was deemed
desirable to locate a church edifice at the town.
In accordance' therewith, the Right Reverend
Henry Conwell, D.D., Roman Catholic bishop
of Philadelphia, purchased, April 14, 1828, of
William Moore, of the borough of Lebanon, a
lot of land in Lewistown, si.xty by two hundred
feet, fronting on Third and extending back on
Dorcas Street. On this lot a chapel was built
and a brick parsonage. The chajjel was used
until the completion of the present brick church,
in 1870. The congregation was in charge of
the Pittsburgh Diocese and was served from Hun-
tingdon and Bellefonte until 18()8, when it was
attached to the Harrisburg Diocese, then just
formed. In 1872 it became an independent
station and was placed in charge of the Rev. T.
J. Fleming, who remained two years. He was
succeeded by Father Galvin, who was followed
in 1875 by the Rev. P. A. McArdle, who re-
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
523
maiiied in charge until 1880, and on July 29tli
of that year the present pastor, the Rev. T. F.
Kennedy, assumed the pastoral charge of the
congregation, which now contains two hundred
souls.
P'iRST Regttlar Baptist Church. — This
cliurch was organized, with eleven constituent
menihere, September 21, 1840 — William M.
Jones, David Hough, Sabra D. Weekes, James
Barnard, Catharine Swartz, Sarah A. Boner,
John R. Weekes, James Brenner, Emily Souls,
Phebe P. Weekes and Isabella Barnard. John
R. Weekes was chosen deacon. Aid was asked
from the Missionary Society of Philadelphia to
assist them in the support of a minister. A
number of ministers were called, and remained
but a little while, for various reasors. The
first was the Rev. Alexander Gamble, who was
ordained in January, 1846, and preached his
farewell sermon April I9th the same year.
December 3, 1848, the Rev. David Williams
was called to preach to them one-fourth of the
time, and the church was incorporated January
1, 1849. The church edifice of the Associate
Reformed Society, on Third Street, east of
Brown, was purchased some time previous and
used. The society was not able to keep the
property, and returned it to the Associate Re-
formed Society, and rented the building until
April 16, 1851. A call was extended to the
Rev. Joseph Sharpe, of Philadelphia, which he
accepted October 7, 1849. He preached his
first sermon October 28th following, was or-
dained January 16, 1850, and resigned in June
following. The Rev. David Williams suc-
ceeded from December 24th, having also Lock-
port and other congregations in charge. The
Rev. David Hunter served in the summer of
1852. The Rev. Amos B. Still servetl from
March, 1853, to October of the same year,
during which time the association met with the
church, services being held in the Lutheran
Church. The Rev. William B. Harris became
pastor, and served one year from April 21,
1854. From 1859 services were held at various
times in the town hall and Apprentices' Hall.
The Rev. David P. Philips preached in 1862,
'63 and 64. The church from this time was almost
without organization until 1871, having only
occasional service. December 6th, in that year,
a meeting was called, trustees were elected, and
the Rev. W. Z. Coulter was called as pastor,
and served about two years. He was succ-eedcd
by the Rev. D. W. Hunter, who began Octo-
ber 5, 1879. On December 21, 1879, (he
church adopted new articles of faith, and on the
18th of February, 1850, reorganized and was
constituted with twenty-one members, retaining
the Rev. D. W. Hunter as pastor, and with A.
Ridlen, deacon. Apprentices' Hall was rented,
and service was held in that place until the
present edifice was in readiness. The McCord
lot, on Third Street, was purchased in 1881,
and the present neat brick chapel was erected
upon it, which, with the lot, cost three thousand
five hundreil dollars. It was dedicated, free of
debt, December 16, 1883. The Rev. D. W.
Hunter resigned in the summer of 1885, and
the church is at present without a pastor.
EvAN(iEi.iCAi. Church. — The society was
organized about 1876 by the Rev. Samuel Sei-
bert, who was su;cjeded by the Rev. Senger,
Charles Finkbinder and Robert Runyon, who is
the present pastor. The society purchased a
lot on Logan Street, opposite the Presbyterian
Cemetery, and in 1882 erected a brick chapel
at a cost of two thousand dollars.
African Methodikt Episcopal Churches.
— The first society of this church in Lewistown
was organized in 1816 by the Rev. Richard
Allen and Bishop White, of the Protestant
Episcopal Church. The Rev. Richard Allen
became the pastor, and remained until 1831.
In 1840 the Rev. J. S. Griffith moved to Lew-
istown, and has been in charge of the church
to the present time. In 1873 a lot was pur-
chased on Juniata Street, and the present
church edifice erected at a cost of one thousand
eight hundred dollars. The society has about
twenty-five members.
The second African Methodist Episcopal
Church Society was organized in 1872 by the
Rev. Mr. Torry, who remained about two
years. Lender his charge the present church
edifice was erected on Third Street. The Rev.
Mr. Torry was succeeded by the Rev. Solomon
Whiting, Rev. Mr. Trimble and the present
pastor, the Rev. J. Pendleton.
524
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Cemeteries. — The first cemetery, and the
only one for many years, was situated on the
corner of Water and Brown Streets. It was
laid out for that purpose at the time of laying
out the town, and was deeded to the county of
Mifflin by Samuel Edniiston, January 14, 1802,
and were lots ISTos. 15 and 16, as marked on
the general plan of the town. They were
placed under the care of the borough of Lewis-
town. The borough ordinance here given
shows the care taken of the grounds in an early
day,—
" March 20, 1820.
" That whereas the Grave Yard in the Borough of
Lewistown is PubUck property and under the care of
the officers of said Borough. Be it enacted by the
autliority aforesaid, that the said Grave Yard be re-
paired by rebuilding and roofing the wall, and by put-
ting up the Gate, . . . and that a partition fence of
boards and posts be made between said Grave Yard
and the adjoining Lot . . . and that the Chief Bur-
gess take tlie necessary measures to carry said ordi-
nance into eflect immediately by selling the said work
to the lowest bidder."
The grounds are still in charge of the bor-
ough, but are little used, as other cemeteries
are better adapted for burial purposes.
The burial-place, known as Henderson's,
on Third Street, was part of the church lot pur-
chased by the Lutheran and German Reformed
congregations January 3, 1814. It was used as
a burial-place until 1854. On the 10th of May
in that year the society purcha.sed two and a
quarter acres of land, on the canal-bank, of John
A. Sterrett, for use as a burial-place. It was at
once fitted up and the remains of those bmned in
the Henderson yard were mostly removed to the
new grounds. A small addition has been made
and the whole is neatly inclosed and is used at
present as a burial-place by the congregation.
The grounds of St. Mark's Cemetery are
beautifully located on the east bank of the
Kisliacoquilla.s Creek, adjoiuing the borough of
Lewistown. The society luider whose manage-
ment they are was incorporated April 1, 1845,
and received of George D. and Caroline Morgan
a tract of land for burial purposes. In 1872,
Mr. R. B. Ellis, many years a member of St.
Mark's Church, bequeathed to the society a tract
of land adjoining the first for the same purpose.
The grounds at present embrace about fourteen
acres and are finely and neatly arranged.
The Methodist Society purcha.sed of Isaac
Wiley, September 14, 1831, three-quarters of an
acre of land on the bank of the canal for a burial
place, and on ]\Iarch 19, 1850, two acres and
sixty-five perches on the west side of the original
purchase of John A. Sterrett, and soon after a
lot adjoining on the east, thirty by thirty-three
feet, of Daniel Fichthorn. This ground is used
by the society and is kept in good order as a
cemetery.
The Presbyterian Society purchased of James
Milliken one acre of land, ou Logan Street, Jan-
uary 4, 1842, which was arranged as a burial-
place and is .still used.
The African Cemetery was opened about
1835 on the bank of the canal and is still used.
LODGE.S AND SOCIETIES. — The first Masonic
lodge in this section of country was No. 6S, lo-
cated at Mifflin. Its charter was dated March 21,
1 796. Dr. Ezra Doty was designated as Mas-
ter. It remained in force for eighteen years and
ou the 4th of April, 1814, the charter was va-
cated.
Jackson Lodge, No. 203, also located at Mif-
flin, was chartered June 6, 1825. Soon after
that time the anti-Masonic excitement broke out,
and the lodge had for years a feeble existence
and finally was removed to Lewistown, where it
was reorganized with the same number, and is
at present Lewistown Lodge, No. 203, the date
of its reorganization being May 27, 1845.
The first officei-s under the new organization
were Francis McClure, W. M. ; Johu R. Weekes,
S. W. ; Christian Ritz, J. W. ; John Kennedy,
Treas. ; John A. Sterrett, Sec.
Meetings were held in the stone building at
the foot of Main Street for several years, a shoi't
time in the old Jacobs house, on Market Street,
and for many years past, as at present, in the
upper floor of Odd-Fellows' Hall.
The present officers are H. M. Vanzandt,
W. M. ; W. Irwin, S. W. ; Frank J. Zerbe,
J. W. ; D. E. Robeson, Treas. ; C. A. Zerbe,
Sec.
The following is a list of Past Masters living :
J. A. Wright, John Davis, Isaiah McCord, Wil-
liam Willis, Johu A. McKee, Riley Pratt, Joseph
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
525
F. Mami, J. B. Selheiiiier, Jacob C. Blymyer,
Oliver O. McCloan, Jo^^epli M. Scllieimer, C. A.
Zerbe, Robert H. McCliutio, David E. Robeson,
Rev. William Heuiy Piatt, R. H. MeCliutic,
Joseph H. Alter, Samuel Belford, Dr. A. H.
Sheaffer, S. MeClav Brown, S. A. McClintic,
Robert, P. McMonigle.
Lewistown Chapter, No. 18G, F. and A. M.,
was constituted June 23, 1856, with the follow-
ing officers : C. M. Klink, M. E. H. P. ; John
A. ^\^right. King; George V. Mitchell, Scribe;
H.J.Walters, Sec; H. W. Junkin, Treas.
The chapter contains sixty-three members.
The present officers are as follows : George E.
Heimback, M. E. H. P.; L. C. Heskitt, Sr.,
King ; William Irwin, Scribe ; D. E. Robeson,
Trea«. ; C. A. Zerbe, See.
Tlie following is a list of the Past High Priests
who are living: J. A. Wright, I. H. McCord,
William Willis, H. J. Walters, John A. McKee,
J. B. Selheimer, J. C. Blymyer, George Macklin,
W. H. Swanzey, J. F. Mann, John Davis, J. M.
Selheimer, Charles A. Zerbe, D. E. Robeson,
A. H. Slieafler, W. H. Piatt, Henry R. Zerbe,
H. M. Vanzandt.
Lewistown Lodge, No. 255, K of P., was
chartered June 2, 1870, and was organized in
Odd-Fellows' Hall, where their meetings have
since been held. The membership is at present
one hundred and nineteen.
A charter was granted for Ougpatonga Tribe,
No. 6, Improved Order of Red Men, on the
Seventh Sun of the Buck Moon, G. S. D. 376.
It has at present eighty members. The pi;esent
officers are William Hall, S. ; H. H. Matter,
S. S. ; William C. Davies, J. G.; C. C. Secrist
P. ; Orrin Braman, C. of R. ; Joseph H. Al-
len, K. of W.
Lewistown Lodge, No. 97, I. O. of O. F.,
was created by a charter bearing date August
19, 1844, and mentioning the following persons
as officers: John Hamilton, N. G. ; L. J.
Eberly, V. G.; A. W. Groff, Sec; Joseph
Sourbeck, Asst. Sec. ; William Yerger, Treas.
A stock company was organized in 1844 of
members of the lodge, who purchased a lot on
the corner of Market and Dorcas Streets, and,
in 1845, erected a brick building at a cost of
six thousand dollars, with lot, fitting the second
and third floors for lodge and .society -rooms.
After a few years the building passed entirely
to Lodge No. 97, who now own it. The lodge
has a membership of one hundred and sixty-
five. The present officers are as follows : Wil-
liam Smith, N. G. ; James Smith, V.G.; A.
T. Hamilton, Sec ; W. S. Settle, Treas.
Lewistown Encampment, No. 256, I. O. O.
F., were chartered September 13, 1881, and
holds its meetings in Odd-Fellows' Hall. It
has sixty-five members. George S. Hoffinan,
Sec.
Bell Ijodge (Rebecca Degree), No. 141, I. O.
of O. F., holds a charter bearing date May 12,
1884, and has at present fifty-two members.
Its meetings are also held in Odd-Fellows'
Hall.
Juniata Lodge, No. 270, K. of P., was
chartered October 26, 1870, and was organized
in the Davis House, where meetings were held
for about two years. Arrangements were then
made for the use of Odd-Fellows' Hall at the
present place of meeting. The lodge has a
membership of one hundred and thirty-five,
commanded by the following officers : John
Mertz, C. C. ; Jefferson Sheesley, V. C. ; George
W. Goddard, K. of R. of S.; A. T. Hamilton,
M. of F.; W. W. Trout, M. of E.
CoLoxEi. Hui.iNG.s Post, No. 176, Depart-
ment OF Pennsylvania, G. A. R. — This post
was organized December 10, 1868, as Post No.
176, in the hall of the Apprentices' Library
Society, by a committee from Post No. 58, of
Harrisburg, Pa.
The following officei-s were elected at the
time : Commander, John P. Taylor ; Senior
Vice-Commander, Robert W. Patton ; Junior
Vice-Commander, A. J. Hiland ; Adjutant,
C. J. Arms ; (iuartermaster, F. H. Wintz ; Sur-
geon, A. T. Hamilton ; Sergeant-Major, Michael
Hiney ; Quartermaster-Sergeant, C. ]\I. Shull.
The po.st adopted the nauie of Colonel Hu-
lings Post, No. 176, in January, 1870, in honor
of Colonel Thomas i\I. Hulings, who was a mem-
ber of the Forty-ninth Regiment of Pennsvl-
vania Volunteers, and was killed at Spottsvl-
vania May 10, 1864.
The minutes of August 31, 1871, show that
that was the last meeting under the original
526
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
orgauization. It was reorganized in April,
1880, by Junior Department Commander
Burchfield and a large deputation from Post
62, of Altoona. Forty six recruits were mus-
tered, and C. G. Marks was elected commander
and was succeeded in the order named, — W. W.
Trout, 1881-82; Tiiomas M. Strang, 1883;
Henry T. Mitchell, 1884; William H. Felix,
1885; William M. Bobb, 1886.
The post is in a flourishing condition and
has a membership of one hundred and eight.
MiFFLix County Fair As-ociation. —
An Agricultural Society was formed before
1850, which, after a few years, was disbanded.
The one above named was organized Novem-
ber 19, 1874, with a capital stock of six thou-
sand dollars. A tract of twenty-one acres of
land was purchased of William R. Graham,
lying east of the borough of Lewistown. In
the summer of 1875 the grounds were fenced,
a half-mile track was graded, two buildings, forty
feet by sixty, and a grand stand one hundred
feet in length, were erected, and a fair held in
the fall of that year, and fairs continued to be
jield untd 1879, when the association was aban-
doned, the last meeting being held in February
of that year.
The presidents of the society were J. Ritz
Burns, David Muthersbaugh, W. R. Graham
and W. (1 Bratton.
Albert Hamilton and C. S. Marks, were the
secretaries of the association.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
ARTHUR B. LONG.
Arthur B. Long, the son of James Long, was
born in Lancaster County, Pa., on the 5th of
November, 1806. He received a common-
school education in his native county, and early
deciding to become master of a self-supporting
trade, served an apprenticeship with his uncle
to that of a wagon-maker. On seeking a suit-
able location for business, his steps were directed
towards Lewistown, where he at once began the
pursuit of his trade. The following year he
purchased property, including a shop and lot,
erecting on the latter a comfortable dwelling.
On the 1st of December, 1829, Mr. Long
married Anna Eliza Shaw, granddaughter of
William Shaw, of Northumberland County,
and daughter of William Shaw and Catherine
Watson, whose father emigrated from Ireland
and settled near Philadelphia, where he was
united in marriage to a Miss Corey.
The children of Mr. and Mrs. Long are
William James, married to Margaret Albright ;
Robert Watson, deceased ; George Henry, mar-
ried to Kate Scheller ; Mary Catherine, wife of
Dr. Charles S. Hurlbut; John Shaw, married
to Kittie Rosa ; Anna Mary, deceased ; and Al-
bert Buchanan, married to Sarah Chesuey.
Mr. Long followed his trade successfully for
four years, and in 1833 began a remarkable
business career, which, though interrupted by
singular reverses and vicissitudes of fortune,
eventually led to the accumulation of a large
and valuable estate. In the year above men-
tioned, in connection with his father-in-law,
William Siiaw, he built the Mount Rock Flour-
Mills, located in the suburbs of Lewistown,
which wei'e successfully operated for a period of
ten years. During this time he embarked in
the manufacture of threshing-machines, which
proved so lucrative as to induce him to dispose
of his interest in the flouring-mill. Soon after
he purchased, for six counties, the right to man-
ufactui-e the Hathaway stove, and erected for
the purpose a foundry at Lewistown. These
stoves were conveyed by teams to various por-
tions of the territory, and permission asked to
place them in the houses of the residents. Their
purchase soon after was a matter of little ques-
tion, the enterprise proving exceedingly profit-
able to the manufacturer. In 1846, Mr. Long,
in connection with a partner, erected the Isa-
bella Furnace at Lewistown, and later rented the
Hope Furnace in Mifflin County. This project
proved disastrous, and wrecked the fortune he
had accumulated by years of industry. Nothing
daunted, and with an ambition and recuperative
power rarely manifested in the face of reverses,
he at once laid tiie foundation for a larger for-
tune. Repurchasing, at sheriff's sale, the Isa-
bella Furnace, he began the manufacture of iron
used for railroad construction, and at the same
MIFFLIN COUNTS.
527
time i]lled extensive railroad contracts. While
thus engaged, he purchased timber lands in
Clearfield County, Pa., which, on being cleared,
were found to contain valuable deposits of coal.
These lands were subseo[uently leased at a stip-
ulated royalty for tiiirty years. Mr. Long then
purchased an extensive tract in Michigan and
embarked largely in lumber interests near Grand
Rapids, in that State, meanwhile constructing a
railroad from the mills to the latter city. This
interest is now managed by his son, George H.
Jjong. A Ithough Mr. Long was, during hisactive
life, devoted to business pursuits, he was never-
theless active and interested in public aifairs.
He was early a Whig and afterwards a Repub-
lican, but never sought nor held political office.
He was for many years a member, and held the
office of deacon, of the Presbyterian Church of
Lewistown, in which he organized the first
choir, and was active in promoting the musical
interests of the church. The death of Mr.
Long occurred on the 23d of June, 1884, in his
seventy- eighth year.
DAVID REYNOLDS.
David Reynokls, who was an associate judge
of the Mifflin County Courts for several years,
having previously held some of the most im-
portant of the county offices, was born in 1774
in Cecil County, Md., being the sou of Ben-
jamin Reynolds, a Quaker, whose ancestor of
the same family name was a preacher of the
Society of Friends, who, in 1682, came with
William Penn to Pennsylvania, but soon after-
wards settled in Maryland.
David was the youngest of the six sons of
Benjamin Reynolds, the others being named,
resjjectively, Isaac, Levi, Jesse, Stephen and
John. After the death of Benjamin Reynolds,
their mother married a Mr. Bryson, a man of
good family, and both remained in Cecil
County until their death. John Reynolds also
lived and died in Maryland, but all the other
sons of Benjamin removed to the Juniata
Valley, in Pennsylvania, about the close of the
last century, and settled in Mifflin County.
Jesse and Stephen became farmers in that part
of Mifflin whicli was afterwards taken to form
the county of Juniata, and there they lived and
died. Isaac emigrated from Mifflin Comity to
the West, and became a resident of the State of
Indiana, where he died. He had one son.
Major Levi Reynolds, who, in his boyhood, had
been reared by his uncle, Judge David Rey-
nolds, at his home in Mifflin County, and who
afterwards was a resident of Chester, Pa. He
became widely known as a public man, was
superintendent in the construction of the Dela-
ware Breakwater and canal commissioner of
the State. David Reynolds early became as-
sociated with the public offices, and was one of
the most prominent men of Mifflin County at
the beginning of the century.
In 1809, at which time David Reynolds had
been for twelve or fifteen years a resident of
Mifflin, Governor Simon Snyder divided the
principal offices of that county between Mr.
Reynolds and William P. Maclay, commission-
ing the former as register of wills, clerk of the
Orphans' Court and recorder of deeds, and giv-
ing to Mr. Maclay the offices of prothonotrrv
and clerk of the Quarter Sessions and of the
Oyer and Terminer. The offices Mere held as
thus divided until 1816, when, on the election
of j\Ir. INIaelay to Congress, the offices which he
had held were transferred to ^Ir. Reynolds,
vi'hile the offices thus vacated by the latter were
filled by the appointment of David Milliken as
his successor. The office of prothonotary was
afterwards filled by David R. Reynolds (nephew
of Judge David Reynolds), who held it for two
terms in the administration of Governor George
Wolf.
Under Governor J. Andrew Shultze (182.3-
29), David Reynolds was appointed and com-
missioned associate judge of the courts of Mif-
flin County, which office he continued to fill
honorably and acceptably to the time of his
death, in 1839. He was a JefFcreonian Demo-
crat and an active politician through all the
mature yeare of his life. His business was that
of canal contractor and general dealer in merch-
andise, grain, and other products, wliich, at that
time, were brought iu large quantities from the
surrounding country to Lewistown, to be
shipped thence by boats on the Juniata in times
of high water. Among the buildiutjs which he
528
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
erecfed and owned iu Lewistown was the resi-
dence which is still standing on the south side of
Market Street, at the head of the Juniata
Bridge, and the large brick building which
occupies the north corner of Market and Main
Streets, on the " Diamond," and which was for
some years used as a hotel, but is now occupied
by the offices of the Gazette, the Adams Ex-
press and for store purposes. Both the build-
ings mentioned were, at diiferent times, occupied
by Judge Reynolds as his residence.
Judge David Reynolds was first married to
a daughter of Colonel Purdy, of Mifflin County.
Their children were John Purdy Reynolds, who
was killed at the massacre of the Alamo, in the
Texan Revolution of 1836; Benjamin Bryson
Reynolds, who settled in La Salle County, 111.,
but died in Texas ; and Mary Job Reynolds,
who became the wife of John Christy, & farmer
of Juniata County. The mother of these chil-
dren died at Lewistown. The second wife of
Judge Reynolds M'as Eleanor, daughter of John
Moore, of Cumberland County, to whom he was
married in 1813. She died in 1849, leaving an
only child, Eleanor Moore Rej'uolds, born in
1815, and married, in October, 1839, to Dr.
John C. Reynolds.
Dr. John Cromwell Reynolds was a son of
Reuben Reynolds, of Cecil County, Md. At a
very early age he became a pupil of the Nott-
ingham Academy, of West Nottingham, Cecil
County, under Dr. McGraw, and at the age of
twelve years he entered Dickinson College, at
Carlisle, Pa., where he was graduated with
honors at sixteen years of age. He began the
study of medicine under Dr. Nathan Smith, a
distinguished surgeon of Baltimore, and had the
advantage of practice in the hospitals of that city.
He afterwards prosecuted his studies in Wash-
ington, D. C, and received the appointment and
commission of surgeon in the LTnited States
army. His first active service was in the Semi-
nole War in Florida. Afterwards he served in
the war against the Cherokees, and took part
•with General Hunter in the treaty with that
tribe at Washington, and in their removal to
the reservations assigned to them west of the
Mississippi. Later, he served under General
Scott, in the Mexican War of 1846-48. From
the time of his marriage Dr. Reynolds made
his home chiefly at Lewistown, though for a
period of about three years he resided at Mc-
Veytown. He died on the 20th of February,
1849, aged thirty-eight years, in the house be-
fore mentioned as having been built by his
father-in-law. Judge Reynolds, at the head of
the Juniata Bridge, in Lewistown. His widow,
Mrs. Eleanor Moore Reynolds, who still sur-
vives him, is a lady of refinement and culture,
who, though she has spent many 3-ears of her
life abroad, yet retains a lively interest in her
native village, Lewistown, and it is from her
that the main facts in the preceding sketch were
obtained.
GENEEAL JAMES BURNS.
General James Burns was of Scotch-Irish
lineage, his grandfather having been 'Squire
James Burns, who resided in Deny township,
Mifflin County, where he was the owner of an
extensive tract of land. His children were
James, Robert, Hugh, Samuel and three daugh-
ters. James Burns, the eldest of these sons,
was born on the 21st of May, 1772, on the
homestead, where during his lifetime he pur-
sued the occupations of a farmer. He was
united in marriage to Mary Dixon, of the same
county, whose children were Martha, born May
3, 1800 ; James, July 4, 1802 ; Mary, June 13,
1804; Eleanor, December 17, 1806; Washing-
ton, March 2, 1808; Robert, May 3, 1810;
Sarah, December 23, 1813; and Dixon A.,
August 12, 1815. The birth of James Burns,
Jr., the subject of this biographical sketch,
occurred at the home of his parents in Derry
township, Mifflin County, where he remained
until his majority was attained. His education,
being confined to such opportunities as the
neighborhood aflxirded, was therefore necessarily
limited, though quick perceptive faculties and
a remarkably clear and comprehensive mind
made, in a great degree, amends for the lack of
early attainments. Having been made familiar
with the labor connected with farming, he, be-
fore the age of twenty-two, left the homestead
and rented a farm in the vicinity, which was
cultivated for two years. He was, on the 13th
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
529
of June, 182.'5, married to Miss Cartes Steely,
(laughter of Lazarus Steely, of the same county.
The children of this marriage are Elizabeth
Margaret (Mrs. James Allison) ; Mary Jane
(Mrs. Montgomery Morrison) ; Ann Brown,
deceased ; Caroline S. (Mrs. Peter Spangler) ;
and James Ritz, deceased, married to Ellen E.
Ritz.
General Burns continued at farming after his
marriage until his removal to Lewistowu, which
Allegheny Mountains. Many other important
works were executed under his personal direc-
tion, both for the State and for private corpora-
tions, which brought him into close business
and social relations with the prominent and
representative citizens of the commonwealth and
made his name an influential one in busiuesss
and political circles. General Burns subse-
quently engaged in other enterprises connected
with the goveruiuent, in all of which he was
c-^^2^^^^^f:2Z2^
borough became his residence on his acceptance
of the agency for the Pioneer Line of Packets
and Stages, which he held for a period of ten
years. His active mind then sought a wider
range, which was opened in the business of con-
tracting, the field of operation not being limited,
but extending throughout the State. He was
chiefly occupied in the building of locks and
the construction of tunnels, one of his most im-
poi-tant enterprises being the completion for the
Pennsylvania Railroad of a tunnel through the
34
successful, his contracts having been filled \\ith
the most scrupulous integrity. He was a skill-
ful political Morker, wielding an extended in-
fluence both in local and State polities. A
stanch exponent of the Democracy of the day,
he represented his constituents for two succeessive
terms in the State Legislature, and was for four
years a member of the State Board of Canal
Commissioners, a portion of which time he was
its president. His private business influenced
him to decline further political honore other than
530
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
that of treasurer of Mifflin County. He was
largely identified with the business interests of the
borough and was president of the Mifflin County
National Bank ; he was also a leading spirit in
the organization and construction of various
railroads throughout the State. General Burns,
though not connected by membership, was a
warm supporter of the Presbyterian Church.
His death occurred at his home, in Lewistown,
on the '26th of October, 1879, in his seventy-
eighth year.
burg, Schuylkill County, where he continued
the business in which he had by practice be-
come skillful. Pottsville, Pa., afterward be-
came his residence and the scene of his labors.
Mr. Davis married Susanna, daughter of Ja-
cob Lindenmuth, whose children are Mary,
wife of John Cooper, of Pottsville ; Catherine,
wife of John M. Crosland, also of Pottsville ;
John ; Susanna, wife of Gager, of Potts-
ville ; Sarah, wife of Edward Jennings, of
Lancaster ; Hannah, wife of Heniy S. Kepner,
x^^^^ As.
CB,>-«-*
JOHN DAVIS.
John Davis is of Welsh descent, his grand-
father, Richard Davis, having been a resident
of Port Clinton, Schuylkill County, Pa., where he
was an enterprising farmer. His children were
Reuben, Richard, Thomas, John and Hannah,
wife of George Mauser. John Davis was born
on the farm, in Hamburg, Berks County,
owned by his father. On attaining a suitable
age he learned the trade of a hatter in his na-
tive town, and subsequently removed to McCains-
of Tamaqua, Pa., and two who are now de-
ceased.
John Davis, the subject of this biographical
sketch, was born on the 9th of January, 1817,
in Hamburg, Berks County, Pa. His mother
having died when the lad was but ten years of
age, he was taken by his maternal uncle, George
Lindenmuth, to learn the trade of a saddler
and harness-maker.
Being very desirous of attaining greater skill
than was possible under his uncle's instruction,
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
531
at the age of nineteen ho ropah-ed to Pittsburgh,
and there completed his trade, mastering it in
all its branches, and becoming especially profi-
cient as a saddler. He then chose HoUidays-
burg as a favorable point for business, but
soon after removed to Lewistown, where a
more advantageous business connection awaited
him, his first employer being James McCord,
with whom he remained one year. He then
formed a co-partnership under the firm-name
the county. He has served in the Borough
Council, was for six terms chief burgess of Lew-
istown, for three years coroner, and was by
Governor Hoyt appointed to fill an unexpired
term as associate judge of Mifflin County, to
which office he was afterward elected. He has
been identified with the progress of Lewi-stown,
and was for ten years president of the Lewis-
town Building and Loan Association. He is, as
a Free and Accepted Mason, connected with
^, /^ a-^^f^?<?-z^a^
of Osborn & Davis, which, at the expiration of
the first year, was dissolved, and Judge Davis
continued the business alone. He was, on the
2d of August, 1840, married to Jane A.,
daughter of Gershom and Nancy McCallister,
of Lewistown. Their two children, Ellen and
Annie, are both deceased. Their home is, how-
ever, brightened by the presence of an adopted
daughter, Clara M. C. Davis. Judge Davis is
a Republican in politics, and has been for years
one of the influential members of his party in
Lewistown Lodge, No. 203, and with Lewis-
town Chapter, No. 186. He is also a member
of Lewistown Lodge, No. 197, of I. O. O. F.
He is a supporter of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, in which his family worship. Judge
Davis is from choice still an active worker at
the trade he learned in vonth.
(iEORCE S. HOFFMAX.
George S. Hoffman, of Lewistown, has been
prominently identified with both municipal
532
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
aud county affairs. He is of German descent,
his great-grandfather having emigrated from
Hesse Cassel to America. Among the children
of the latter was Christian Hoffman, who resided
in Lewistown, to which borough he removed
from Carlisle, Pa., having, during his active life,
followed the trade of a carpenter. His chil-
dren were William B., Christian J., Frederick
J. and one daughter, who died in childhood.
Christian Hoffman evinced his patriotism by
participating in the War of 1812. His son,
William B., born in Carlisle, Pa., removed
to Lewistown, with his parents, in 1824. He
chose the trade of his father, which was finally
abandoned for active business as a grain and
coal dealer. He married Frances, daughter of
George Struuk, of Granville township, Mifflin
County, to whom were born children, — Henry
C, now residing in Milroy and married to
Hattie N. Blymyer ; George S. ; William H.,
of Lewistown; and Ellen M. (deceased).
William B. Hoffman was an enterprising cit-
izen and much interested in public affairs. He
filled the office of chief burgess of the borough
of Lewistown, was a member of the Town Coun-
cil, and a school director. His death oc-
curred on the 14th of May, 1872. His wife sur-
vives him. His son, George S., was born January
4, 1843, in Lewistown, which has been the
scene of his business and political activities.
His education was obtained at the public school
aud the Lewistown Academy, after which he
effected an engagement as clerk with his uncle,
F. J. Hoffman, After an experience of six
years in that capacity, he embarked, with his
father and brothers, in the coal business, under
the firm-name of Hoffman & Sons. In 1870
he became interested, with his brother, William
H., in the sale of grain and coal, which he still
continues. An active worker in the ranks of
the Republican party and chairman of the
Kepublican County Committee, he has been,
for three terms, chief burgess of Lewistown,
and at one time ])resident of the board of
school directors. He has also been a member
of the Town Council, and filled other township
offices. Mr. Hoffman has, for years, been an
important factor in local politics. In 1884 he
was nominated and elected to the State Legis-
lature in a strongly Democratic district, and
served on the committees on agriculture, man-
ufactures, printing and public buildings. —
Though modest and retiring in manner, on all
questions of moment his views were regarded
as sound and his judgment excellent.
Mr. Hoffman is an active Odd-Fellow and
member of Lewistown Lodge, No. 97, of which
he was, for six years, secretary. His religious
associations are with the Evangelical Lutheran
Church of Lewistown, with which congrega-
tion he is a regular worshiper, and in which
his father was, for years, a deacon.
CHAPTER V
DERRY TOWNSHIP.
At the time of the visit of Richard Peters,
Conrad Weiser and the magistrates of Cumber-
land County, in 1750, to the regions north of
the Blue Mountains not yet purchased from the
Indians, for the purpose of removing all tres-
passers on the land, they found no one within
the limits of what is now Mifflin County.
" Squatters " were found only in Sherman's
Valley, on the Big Juniata (now Walker town-
ship, Juniata County) and in the Path Val-
ley.
After the purchase of the lands from the In-
dians at Albany, in July, 1754, the trespassers
mostly returned, selected their sites and made
application for land warrants. Others also set
out to explore the new purchase and to locate
land on which to settle. In the August follow-
ing the treaty of July the county of Cumber-
landorg anized four townships, " tother side the
N. Mountain," viz., Tyrone, Lack, Fannet and
Aire, or Ayr.
It is not definitely known at what date the
township of Fermanagh was erected ; but from
records and papers not official, it is determined
that it was made a township either late in 1754
or in 1755. It is recognized in March, 1762,
by the return of constables, and in 1763 an as-
sessment was made of its inhabitants. The set-
tlers from far up the river, who had been driven
out by the Indians in 1766, had not then re-
turned, but in the assessment of Fermanagh, in
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
533
1767, ajipear the names of John Armstrong,
Esq., Andrew Bratton, George Bell, William
Brown, William Buchanan, Dorcas Buchanan,
James Criswell, David and John Carmichael,
Thomas Ferguson, George Galloway, John
Gemmel, Alexander Hamilton, Samuel Heledy
(Holiday), Thomas Holt, Stephen Jordou,
Joseph Jacobs, James Lyon, John McElhatton,
Charles McGill, William McKee, Alexander
McKinstry, Everhart Martin, Edward and
Cheney Ricketts, Robert Samuels, Samuel
Saunders, Alexander Stewart, Joseph Swift,
Matthew Wakefield and William Wallace.
These persons all resided within the limits of
what is now Mifflin County. ;
In this year (1767) a petition was presented
by these settlers to the Cumberland County
Court, setting forth the necessity for a township,
which was granted, and at the July term the
boundaries of Fermanagh and three new town-
ships— Penn's, Greenwood and Derry — were
defined.
The limits of Derry were thus given in the
court records, now at Carlisle, —
"Beginning at the middle of the Long Narrows ;
thence up the north side of the Juniata as far as
Jacli's Mountain ; thence to include the valley of the
Kishacoculus and Jack's Creek."
It will be noticed that these boundaries do
not include that portion of Mifflin County lying
south of the Juniata. The territory embraced
in the assessment made in 1767 of Fermanagh
township contained the names of all the settlers
living on both sides of the river in MiflBin
County, and while the limits here given, as
made in 1767, do not include the territory south
of the river, yet at the time the assessment was
made, in 1768, the settlers' names living there
are included ; the territory must have been an-
nexed soon after, although no record of it has
been found.
The next year, 1768, the first assessment of
Derry township was made, and all the names
before given are found, and many others who
had either returned or settled during the year.
Derry township does not appear in the court
records of Cumberland County until its bound-
aries are given, in July, 1767. At the March
term of court, 1768, Samuel Sanders was ap-
pointed constable, and George Bell and Thomas
Holt overseers of roads. The first assessment
was made in 1768, and is here given, with the
number of acres and the mills that were as-
sessed in that year, —
William Armstrong, 200 ; James Alexander, .300;
James Pokey Alexander, 30 ; John Brown, 100 ; John
Brown, Sr.,* 100; Andrew Bratton,* 300 ; George Bell,*
100; Samuel Brown, 100 ; William Brown,* 300 ; Ja-
cob Burgh, 300; William Buchanan, 300; Dorcas Bu-
chanan'-" (widow), 300; Ephraim Blaine, 200; John
Carmichael,* 300; James Carswell,* 200; Daniel Car-
michael,* 300 ; Adam Coons,* 300 ; Robert Crawford,*
50 ; James Criswell,* 100 ; James Cannon, 100 ; Green-
bery Cheney, 100 ; Charles Cox,* 2500 ; Robert Col-
lender, 700; Bernard Casey, 1500; John Armstrong,
Esq.,* 1400; William Davis, 100; Joshua Davis,
100 ; Patrick Dunn, .50 ; Thomas Dicos, 200 ; Arthur
Forster, 200; Moses Fisher, 100; George Gal-
loway,* 300 ; John Gammel,* 300 ; Thomas Holt,*
100 ; Thomas Hunter, 100 ; Alexander Hamilton,*
100 ; Samuel Holliday,* 50, grist and saw-mill ;
William Henry, 300 ; Stephen Jordan,* 200 ; Joseph
Jacobs,* 3000 ; James Lyon,* 300 ; Robert Livers,
300 ; Louther Mannor, 300 ; Captain John Little,*
600; William McKee,* .300; Duncan McDonald, 100;
John McDonold, ; Charles Magill,* 200;
Alexander McKinstry,* 200; Eberhart Martin,* 200 ;
William McMeans, 200; John McCartney,* 100;
John Mcllhattan,* 100; D. McClure, 300; John
Montgomery, Esq., 400 ; Benjamin Newport, 100 ;
John Patton, 1500 ; James Ross, 200 ; Cheney Rick-
etts,* 200 ; Edward Ricketts,* 200 ; Robert Samuel,*
200 ; Alexander Stewart,* 100 ; William Samuels, 50;
Samuel Sanders, 35 (this tract is the only one in the
township at this date on which a patent had been
granted); James Stewart, 400; Joseph Swift,* 1300;
Robert Semple, 600 ; Mathew Wakefield,* 100 ; Wil-
liam Wallace,* 1500 ; John Wallace, 900.
The names marked with a star appeared in
the assessment of Fermanagh township in 1767.
The only mill at this time in the territory
now Mifflin County was owned by Samuel
Holliday and was evidently built about this
time, as it does not appear assessed to him in his
assessment of 1767. It was located on his fifty
acres at JSIcVeytown, and on the site of the pres-
ent Troxwell tannery. The next grist-mill that
appears in the county was in 1772, and assessed
to Abraham Sanford. It was located in Jack's
Narrows, ou what is now the site of Mann's
lower axe-factory.
In the erection of Wayne from Derry, in
1782, it was provided that Brightsfield Run
534
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
should be the line from " the rise of the main
branch thereof until the mouth, and from thence
in the course that it enters the Juniata dii-ectly to
the mountain," recognizing at this time (1782)
the mountain range as the township line.
The territory of Derry was first reduced by
the erection of Armagh township, in 1770, mak-
ing Jack's Mountain as the division line. At
the July term of Cumberland County Court,
1782, it was again reduced by the erection of
Wayne township from the upper part of Derry.
It remained intact from that time until, in Jan-
uary, 1812, under a Mifflin County court, it was
divided by a line nearly in the middle, running
from Jack's ]\Iountain on the north to Shade
Mountain on the south. Its limits were not
again broken until 1838, when a line was run
from Shade Mountain to the Juniata River at
Lewistown, and from thence, following the river,
to the county line, dividing the main jjortion of
the township nearly in the middle. The eastern
portion remained as Derry and the western por-
tion was called Granville. As Derry at present
exists it is about six miles square. Jack's Moun-
tain is its northern boundary ; the Juniata River
and Fermanagh township, Juniata County, its
southern ; Granville lies to the west and Decatur
to the east. The Kishacoquillas Creek flows
southerly, through the valley of that name and
empties into the Juniata River at Lewistown.
On its banks, within the limits of the townshiji,
are the borough of Lewistown, the town of
Logan and Yeagertown. Jack's Creek enters
the township from Decatur township on the
east, and flows southwesterly, emptying into the
Juniata about a mile below Lewistown.
The Lewistown and Sunbury Railroad (now
under the management of the Pennsylvania
Railroad Company) passes through the valley
of Jack's Creek, with stations at Lewistown and
Maitland. The Mifflin and Centre Railroad
passes from Lewistown along the Kishaco-
quillas Creek, with stations at Lewistown, Lo-
. gan, Yeagerstown and Mann's.
(^ The following is the assessment of Derry
^ township for 1700, the first year after the erec-
tion of Mifflin County, and embraces Avhat is
now Derry, Decatur and Granville :
" Armstrong, William, 250a, 2h, 2c.
Armstrong, James, 50a, 2h, 2c.
Armstrong, Plunkett, Ih, Ic.
Alexander, John, 100a, 2h, 2l'.
Abbett, John, loOa, 2h, 2c.
Arthur, Richard, Ih, 2c.
Buchanan, Arthur, 230a, lb.
Buchanan, Eobert, 236a, Ih, 2c.
Buck, Henry, Ih, Ic.
Bell, John, lb, 2c.
Burns, James, 300a, lb, 2c, 1 still.
Beard, Hugh, 195a, lb, Ic.
Beard, Samuel, 76a, Hi, Ic, 100a late Campbell's.
Bogle, Robert, 300a, 2h, 3c, 50a Johnston's Estate.
Brown, Benjamin, 200a, 2b, 2c.
Brown, John, 300a, 2h, 2c.
Brown, William Esq., 210a.
Brunsun, Thomas, 200a, 2h, Ic.
Berntbistle, Henry, 2b, Ic.
Baum, Jacob, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Baum, John, 1 saw-mill.
Barndollar, John, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Billsland, William, 300a, 2h, Ic.
Brearly, Benjamin, 2b, 2c.
Corbett, William, 200a, 2h, 4c.
Carson, William, 100a, lb, Ic.
Campbell, Hercules, 100a, lb, Ic.
Colleus, Henry, 350a, lb, 2c, 20a Old Place.
Coun, Joseph, Ih, Ic.
Cowgill, Joseph, lb, 2c.
Croan's land, 15pa.
Dickson, James, farmer, 100a, 2b, 2c.
Dickson, James, blacksmith, Ic.
Elliott, William, 2h, 2c.
Edmiston, Samuel, Esq., 2b, 2c, 1 negro woman.
Frampton, William, 130a, 2b, 2c.
Frampton, John, 50a, 2b, 2c.
Frampton, Samuel, 350a, 2h, 2c.
Glasgow, John, 250a, 2b, 4c.
Graham, Thomas, 100a, lb.
Gordon, William, 200a, 2h, 2c.
Gemmel, Widow, 300a, 3h, 2 negroes.
George, John, lb, Ic.
Gregg, Thomas, 150a.
Holt, William, ]00a, lb, Ic.
Holt, Widow, 100a, lb.
Hesson, Hugh, 100a, lb, Ic.
Henderson, James, 100a, lb, Ic.
Howe, Robert, 2h, 2c.
Imturf, Melcor, 128a, Ic.
Jones, Daniel, 200a, 2b, 2c.
Kelly, Matthew, 304a, 2h, 3c.
Kelly, John, 2h, 2c, 1 servant man for 4 years and
months.
King, William, 100a.
Keever, Samuel, 200a, lb, 2c.
Keever, John, 200a, 2h, 3c.
Keever, John and Samuel, 200a.
Kishler, Jacob, 200a, 2b, 2c.
Lorrimore, Hugh, lb, Ic.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
633
Lashback, Henry, 100a, 2c.
McConnell, George, 150a, Ih, Ic.
McMullaii, Alexander, 100a, 2h, Ic.
McGinnis, Hugh, 30a, 2h, Ic.
McMurtry, David, 300a.
McKee, William, 240a, Ic.
McKee, Andrew, 100a, Ih, 2c.
McCord, James, 50a.
Magill, James, 203a.
Magill, Charles, Ih, Ic.
Magee, James, 100a, Ih, 2c.
Marten, Christopher, 150a, 3h, 2c.
Marten, Robert, 300a, 2h, 2c.
Marten, Thomas, 200a, 2h, 2c.
Montgomery, Samuel, 50a, Ih, 1 negro.
Mitchell, William, 300a, 2h, 2c, 1 still.
Mitchell, Robert, lb.
Mitchell, Thomas, Ih, Ic.
Moore, Moses, 190a, 2h, 2c.
Means, John, 100a, 2h, 3c.
Means, Robert, 300a, lb, 3c.
Mease, James, 230a.
Mifflin Trustees, 80a.
Oliver, John, 150a, 2h, 2c.
Patterson, Robert, 50a, lb, Ic.
Picken, Samuel, 113a, 2b, 2c.
Parshall, Caleb, 200a, 2h, 2e, 1 grist-mill.
Rotrick, George, 300a, 3b, 3c.
Rool, John, 20a, 2h, 2c.
Ryan, Robert, 150a.
Stroup, Philip, 100a, lb, Ic.
Stroup, George, 50a, 2h, 2c.
Siglar, George, 300a, 117a, 3b, 5c, 1 saw-mill.
Siglar, John, 100a, 2c.
Strode, Joseph, lb, Ic.
Sanford, Abraham, 90a, 1 grist-mill.
Steel, David, 200a, 2b, 2c, 1 still, 50a at Dickson's.
Steely, Jacob, 100a, lb, 4c.
Steely, Ulrich, 100a, lb, 2c.
Steely, Gabriel, lb, 2c.
Skyles, John, 50a, lb, Ic.
Smith, William, 330a, 2b, 3c, 4 negroes.
Stark, Zepheniab, 100a. 2h, 4c.
Stubel, Frederick, 300a, Ih, Ic.
Thompson, William, blacksinitb, lb, Ic.
Thompson, William, farmer, 100a, 2b, Ic.
Tbouipson, William, lb, Ic.
Voigbt, John, 50a; lb, 2c.
Wood, John, cooper, 50a, lb, Ic.
Wood, John, farmer, 80a, 2h, 2c.
Woods, Jeriah, lb, Ic.
Woods, Levi, lb, Ic.
Wade, Thomas, 100a.
Waugh, James, captain, Ic.
"unseated lands.
Appleby of Philadelphia, 100a.
Barr, James, 50a, joining Burns and Glenn.
Barr & McMurtry, 200a.
Buchanan, Thomas, Es(j., 160a Narrows Mountain,
south side of Charles Cox.
Baum, Frederick, 100a.
Baynton & Wharton, (iOOa, bound by George Sigbtr
and James Magee.
Groan's land, 1.50a, Swift west and Irwin east.
Cal lender's heirs, 200a, joining Thomas Wade south,
Melchoir Imturf west, and Arthur Buchanan north
and Juniata on the east.
Chambers, Robert, 200a, 150a, 300a.
Cox, Charles, 150a, joining Caleb Parshall on the
south and John Glasgow on the east.
Clark's laud, 300a.
Cunningham, Henry, deceased, 200a on Long Mea-
dow Run, below Cox's land.
Doyle, Felix, 100a.
Gregg, Andrew, 150a.
Grove, Jacob, 300a on Jack's Creek.
Harbison, Benjamin, 350a joining a branch of
Jack's Creek called Piney Run, and 150a joining
Henry Cunningham and lands of Alexander, and 283a
joining Narrows Mountain and Jack's Creek.
Holt's, Thomas, heirs, 100a.
James & Drinker, 300a.
Kelly, George, 150a joining James Burns.
Lukens', John, heirs, 1000a.
McClay & Brown, 300a.
Patton, Joseph, 600a on the Long Meadow Run
west of Henry Cunningham.
Rannel's, John, heirs, 100a.
Smith, William, York County, 170a.
Sterrett, William, 100a.
Sample, Robert, at the Licks, 600a, McKee west ;
James Burns, Esq., east.
Williams, Daniel, 200a joining Burns and Kelly.
" William Corbett, Assessor.
" jAiMEs Burns, i
" Robert Smith, P*^'*''"''^'-"
In 1793 Philip Minehart was operating a
saw-mill (now in Granville); Caleb Parshall a
grist-mill ; James Dickson a blacksiuitli-shop
(Kellyville) ; George Sigler a saw-mill (Deca-
tur) ; Abraham Sanford a grist-mill (in the
Narrows).
In the next year Joseph Strode bnilt a grist
and saw-mill at Brightfield's Rnn.
In 1798 the following persons were owners
of mills and tan-yards : James Alexander, grisf
and saw-mill (now Strunk, in Granville);
Henry Berutheisel, tan-yard in Lewistown ;
Philip Diehl, grist and saw-mill (Yeagertown) ;
Peter Gauif, old saw-mill ; William Lewis, iron
master furnace (Granville) ; Andrew Mayes,
grist-mill and old saw-mill near Lewistown ;
Jonathan Rothrock, saw-mill near Logan;
536
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Philip Rothrock and John Rothrock, tan-yard
(Albright's) ; James Mayes, grist and saw-mill
and distillery (Yeagertown) ; Lazarus Steely, oil-
mill ; Joseph Strode, grist, saw and fulling-mill,
with Jesse Evans, fuller (Granville) ; John
Wurts, saw and grist-mill; John Waggoner,
grist and saw-mill (now Stine's).
In 1831, seven years before Granville was
taken off from Derry, the manufacturers in the
township were Wm. Brown & Co., furnace,
forge and saw-mill (Logan) ; Caspar Dull, grist
and saw-mill (now Strunk, in Granville) ;
liobert Forsythe's heirs, grist and saw-mill
(Yeagertown) ; D. M. Huling, Hope Furnace
(Granville) ; Henry Miller, grist and saw-mill
(now Stine's) ; James Milliken, grist and saw-
mill and distillery (near Lewistown) ; Isaac and
Joseph Strode, saw-mill (Granville) ; Henry
Snyder's heirs, saw-mill.
The villages or settlements in Derry town-
ship are Logan, Yeagertown, Kellyville and
Maitland.
LOGAN.
Logan is entirely the outgrowth of the iron-
M'orks that for nearly a century have been oper-
ating at the place. With the establishment of
Freedom Forge, in 1795, began the clustering of
dwellings near it for the accommodation of
workmen, and from that time to the present it
lias grown with the progress of the works. In
1843 a school-house was built there and in 1868
it was replaced by another built by the jjresent
IjOgan Company. For a few years after the
works were begun a company store was kept at
Lewistown, and then opened at the works,
which has been kept by the different companies
operating at the i)lace. The Methodists have
liad an organization for many years. Prior to
1862 it was under charge of the Lewistown Dis-
trict. In that year it became part of a charge
with Kellyville and Decatur, and is now served
by the pastors in charge of the district.
KELLYVILLE.
Kellyville takes its name from Moses Kelly,
who for many years was a resident and inn-
keeper at the place. The land on which it is
situated is part of two tracts, one of which was
■warranted to John Early, August 2, 1766, the
other to Samuel Baird, March 24, 1789. The
land of John Early was on the side towards the
mountain, through which Early's Run, or Hun-
gry Run, passes. Early sold the centre tract to
Jacob Kline, who, the next day. May 26, 1790,
conveyed it to James Dicksou. On the 22d of
October, 1791, he sold ninety acres of it to
Matthew Kelly, who died in 1801 and left it,
by will dated March 23, 1801, to his sons George
and Moses and a daughter Elizabeth. George,
on the 24th of August, 1803, conveyed his in-
terest to Peter Ruble. Moses Kelly retained
his portion and in 1818 purchased sixty-nine
acres adjoining, of Philip Rothrock. Soon after
his father's death he built a tavern on the site of
A^alentine Stoneroad's residence, which was
known as the " Black Horse " tavern. He kept
it until 1843, when the agitation of the temper-
ance question became so strong it was abandoned.
He died in 1853, aged eighty-five years. He
had two sons, John and Matthew. John lived at
the place several years after reaching manhood,
married and carried on for a few years a pottery
in the log building formerly the Presbyterian
C'hurch, now a part of Thompson G. Bell's res-
idence. His wife died at the place and is buried
in the Presbj-terian graveyard. He removed
West, and later joined the Mormons. Matthew
moved to Union County and later to the West.
Elizabeth, a daughter of Moses Kelly, married
Henry McAuley, who first settled in Little Val-
ley, and in 1856 moved to Kishacoquillas Val-
ley, and he now lives at Honey Creek Station, in
.\ rmagh townshij). A son, J. M., lives on the farm
at Lacsk's Mill's. Joseph H., another son, lives in
Derry township. Anna, another daughter of
Moses Kelly, married Thomas Stroup. She has
long since passed away and he resides in Lewis-
town. They lived for many years at Kellyville,
where he follo\^ed the occupation of a tanner.
Rebecca married James Stewart and i-emoved to
Huntingdon County, where she still resides.
The wife of Moses Kelly was Susanna, sister
of Henry Burkholder, who settled near the place
in 1802.
A portion of the Dickson tract was purchased
by Philip Rothrock, May 31, 1802, on Hungry
Run, who, in the next year, erected thereon a
tan-yard, where Joseph Hoofnagle now lives,
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
537
Philii) lived
which he operated until about 1830, when it was
abandoned. He also purchased, May 4, 1812,
one hundred and thirty-eight acres of James
Burns, wliich was the property warranted in
1789 In' Samuel Baird. It is from this tract
that the Pi-esb_\i:erian Church, Methodist Church
and school lots M'ere taken.
Philip Rothrock ^vas a brother of George
Eothrock, who, in 1773, settled on land in Fer-
guson's Valley, whicii he warranted, wliere the
Albrights now live. Piiilip Rothrock ojierated
a tannery on his brother's place for several
years, until he pui'chased on Hungry Run. He
died October 13, 1851, aged ninety-three years.
His wife, who was a daughter of Abraham
Ijabaugh, who settled here, sui'vived him until
January, 1858, when she died, aged eighty-one
vears. Their sons were Jonathan, Abraham,
David, Philip, George and William. Jonathan
and George settled in Tennessee. Abraham be-
came a physician, and in 1830 settled at McVey-
town, where he is still in practice. David set-
tled at Maitland and died there,
and died at Kellyville when
William moved to Selma, Al:i
.still living.
Churches of Kellyville. — The Presby-
terian congregation of Little Valley was at first
under the charge of the Rev. James Johnston,
who became the pastor of the East and West
Kishacoquillas congregation August 19, 1784.
Xone of the names which appear in the call to
Mr. Johnston made in 1783 are of the valley,
and it was not until .several years after that the
valley was settled. Before 1796, however, there
was a flourishing congregation, and on the
oth of October in tliat year ]\Ir. Johnson re-
signed from the call of tiie West End congre-
gation and remained in charge of the East
Ivishacoquillas and Dry Valley (as it was then
called) congregation until his death, January
9, 1820. A log meeting-house had been built
on tiie site of the present church ; a school-
house was built later on the same lot. The
land on which the church stood was part of the
Baird tract, and was for some years in the pos-
session of James Burns, who was a signer of
the call to the Rev. Mr. Johnston. It has not
been ascertained when the old church was built
young
where
man.
he is
nor how long it was u-sed, and it was not until
1818 that any title to the church lot was ol>-
tained. The laud passed from Mr. Burns, in
1812, to Philip Rotiirock, who held it until No-
vember 17, 1818, when he sold sixty-nine acres
to Moses Kelly, who, the same day, transferred
the church lot to Francis Boggs, Samuel Alex-
ander and James Nixon, Esqs., trustees of the
Little Valley Presbyterian congregation. It
contained three-quarters of an acre of land, and
liberty was granted by Mr. Kelly to pass and
repass to a certain spring of water near his
dwelling-house for the use of the congregation.
The exact time of the removal of the log house
and erection of the present building is not
known ; but the log house was removed across
the street and is now part of Thompson G. BeU's
residence. A frame building was erected
on the same site, which has since been re-
modeled. The entrance to the church was
by two doors ou the north side. A high
pulpit reaching to the ceiling was on the south
side. The interior was rearranged many years
ago and entrance made upon the east end.
The Rev. Mr. Johnston, who was for so many
years pastor of this congregation, was a native
of Cumberland County, near Shippeusburg.
After completing a course at a classical school in
Chambersburg he, with his brother, joined the
army. He was at the battles of Brandywine,
Germantown, Monmouth, Trenton and Valley
Forge. .At the close of the Revolution he
entered Princeton College and graduated. He
was licensed to preach in 1 781 by the Cumber-
land Presbytery. In 1783 he received a call
from the churches of the Kishacoquillas Val-
ley, which he accepted and Mhere he labored
through his life. He married Elizabeth, a
daughter of Judge William Brown. At the
meeting of the Presbytery in October, 1820, the
Rev. Samuel Hill, a licentiate of the Presby-
tery of Roule, Ireland, made application to be
received, which was granted. The congregations
of East Kishacoquillas and Dry Valley re-
quested the Presbytery to appoint the Rev. Mr.
Hill as a stated supply for one year, wliich was
also granted. During the latter part of the
year the congregations united in extending him
a call, which was accepted, and on the 3d of
538
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
October, 1821, he was installed pastor by the
Presbytery. He resigned the charge in 1825, to
take charge of the First Associate Reformed
Church of Pittsburgh, but did not, and returned
to the Presbytery, and later was pastor of
Sinking Valley and Spruce Creek Churches.
In 1826 Joseph B. Adams, a licentiate, was ap-
pointed as a missionary by the American Sun-
day-school Union, and sent to this part of
the State. The Presbytery accepted his services
and he visited the vacant congregations with
abundant success, visiting, among others, the Lit-
tle Valley congregations, where he delivered a
series of addresses, M'hich had the eifect to bring
together the 2)eople, not only in the cause of the
church, butto the organization of a Sunday-school.
At this time meetings were held in the school-
house, which stood in the southeast corner of the
yard. The families represented were the Longs,
Rothrocks, Kellys, Bells, Townsends and others.
A Sunday-school was organized in the spring of
1828, which has been continued to the present.
The Rev. James Stuart was pastor of the con-
gregations in 1828-29. The Rev. William
Annan, of the Presbytery of Baltimore, began
preaching to the congregations of Little Valley
and West Kishacoquillas in the summer of 1830.
A call was presented to him, which was ac-
cepted after he was dismissed from the Baltimore
Presbytery and his acceptance by the Hunting-
don Presbytery. He remained pastor of these
congregations until April 25, 1831, when the con-
gregation of Ea.st Kishacoquillas extended a call
to the Rev. James Nourse, which was accepted,
and Mr. Annan remained as pastor of the Little
Valley congregation until 1835, when he was
dismissed to the Presbytery of Redstone. He
was an active, energetic man and aroused the
people on the subject of temperance and did
much to awaken them to the dangers of intoxi-
cating liquor. Since that time the congregation
of Little Valley has been an independent or-
ganization.
Mr. Moses Floyd, a licentiate of the Pres-
bytery of Philadelphia, was received as a mem-
ber of Huntingdon Presbytery in April, 1837,
and accepted a call from the congregations of
West Kishacoquillas and Little Valley. He
was ordained as pastor by the Presbytery at an
adjourned meeting in Little Valley in the June
following. The pastors from that time to the
present have been as follows, with the dates
of their installation : Rev. D. L. Hughes, Jan-
uary 9, 1844; J. Smith, November, 1848;
Thomas Spears, November 3, 1855 ; J. B. Strain,
April 10, 1860 ; W. Prideaux, October 21, 1864;
J. P. Clarke, J. McKean and the Rev. George
Chappell, the present pastor, who has served
since 1879.
The Sunday-school organized in the spring uf
1828 chose for its officers John Bell, superin-
tendent; Abraham Rothrock, assistant; Mrs.
Henry Long, treasurer ; Miss Mary Long (af-
terwards Mrs. Thomas Reed), librarian. Dr.
Abi-aham Rothrock, of JNIcVeytown, is the only
one living.
The Dry Valley Methodist Episcopal
Church was organized in 1832, and in the
winter of 1833-34 one acre of land was purchased
of Moses Kelly by the trustees of the church, —
Samuel Martin, Samuel Price and John Wil-
liams. It was surveyed February 25, 1834,
and deed given December 26, 1835. The church
was erected and inclosed ; slab and plank seats
were put up. Meetings were held there for sev-
eral years before it was finished. The church
was for many years in charge with the Lewis-
town District. In 1862 Freedom, Decatur and
Dry Valley became a district and continued
many years. It is now united with Freedom.
The pastors who served since 1861 have been, —
1861, Rev. S. H. C. Smith ; 1862, Rev. J. W. Leckie ;
1863-64, Rev. J. W. Houck ; 1864, Rev. John Graham ;
1865-66, Rev. M. L. Smith; 1867-68, Rev. J. H.
McGarrah; 1869, Rev. J.Benson; 1870-71, Rev. G.
W. Dunhip; 1872-74, Rev. Jesse R. Akers ; 1875,
Rev. J. A. Ross ; 1876, Rev. J. W. Ely; 1878, Rev.
William S. Hamlin; 1880, Rev. J. A. Ross; 1883,
Rev. S. A. Creveling.
A log school-house was built on the church
lot about 1820, which stood until 1843, when
the building was sold to the Freedom Iron
Company and moved to that place. A new
frame school-house was erected a short distance
northeast of the present school-house. The lot
was conveyed to the directors May 26, 1 847, by
Moses Kelly. This school-house answered its
purpose until 1868, when the present brick
house was erected.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
539
YEAGERTOWN.
Yeagertown is a village of about six lumdred
inhabitants, situated on the west side of Kisha-
coquillas Creek, and about a mile above the village
of Logan. It contains a mill, store, post-office,
Lutheran Church and school-house. The land
on which it is situated was part of a large tract
warranted to Everhart Martin in 1755, and
part of a tract warranted to Rebecca Harrison
in 1767. Everhart Martin left his estate to his
son Christopher and daughter Prudence. Chris-
topher Martin erected a saw-mill on the east
side of the creek, above the dwelling-house of
the Cochrane heirs. The race is still visible.
He sold eighty-six acres to George Hanewalt)
who, on the 6th of January, 1796, sold it to
James Mayes, who came from Xorthumberland
County in 1789-90, with his brother Andrew,
who settled near Lewistown. James Mayes
took out a warrant for two hundred and fifty
acres of laud adjoining the above March 9,
1790, and April 12, 1793, a warrant for fifteen
acres. In 1798 he is assessed on five hundred
and eighty-eight acres of land and a grist-mill
and saw-mill. Mr. Jeremiah Yeager has in his
possession an old fifty-six-pound balance scale
which was used in the old mill and which has
stamped upon the beam " 1795" as the date of
its manufacture. The mill of Abraham Sanford,
which was built in 1772, and was situated on
the Narrows above, was at this time abandoned,
and this was the only mill in this section below
the Narrows. William Brown, a few years pre-
vious, built a grist and saw-mill on his place,
now known as Brown's I\Iills. James INIayes
also built at this place the stone house and stone
barn and a distillery. In 1803 this distillery
was not in use, and another was built. On the
7th of May, 1806, James Mayes conveyed his
mill property and fifty-four acres to Philip
Diehl, or Dale, reserving a water-right for his
distillery. The rest of his property was soon
after sold and he removed to New Orleans.
On the 31st of March, 1810, Philip Dale con-
veyed the property to Robert Forsythe, of Lew-
istown, by whom it was operated till his death,
in 1824, with George Strunk as miller. It was
held by his heirs for several years, and was run
by Campbell & Oliver, and about 1S39 .luhn
Oliver came into po.ssession. A stone tavern-
house had been built at the place by James
Mayes. It was kept by Samuel Chestnut, who
kept it till 1826, and in 1827 by Wilberton.
In this year William Creighton (now living at
Yeagertown) and John Casner carried on shoe-
making in the house now occupied by Mr.
Miller. He states that at that time they were
lioarding at the tavern for one dollar and twen-
ty-five cents per week and free use of the bar.
In 1842, Jacob Yeager, with his wife, eight sons
and one daughter, came from Dauphin County,
and Yeager purchased the mill property and
fitly acres of John Oliver, Jr. At the time
there was at the place the mill, the stone farm-
house, stone tavern, two distilleries (unused), a
small frame building above the mill (used as a
coke-shop by INIrs. John Saeger).
On the site of the present brick house of John
B. Morrison was a log cabin occuj^ied by Joseph
Davidson, a blacksmith. An old blacksmitii-
shop stood above the tavern ; a short distance
below was the stone house built by Francis
Boggs in 1819, and then occupied by him (now
owned by Alexander McClure, of Philadelphia).
About 1845, Jonathan Yeager opened the tavern
and kept it for eight years, and was succeeded
by his brother Simon, who owned it until his
death, in 1876.1 'Reuben Keller was landlord
then for five years prior to this time. Since
1876 it has not been opened as a tavern. In
1859, Jeremiah Yeager bought the mill and
rebuilt it in its present condition. The first
school-house was built in 1870 and has since
received additions in 1883-85. It has now a
capacity of over two hundred pupils. A store
was opened by Simon Yeager in 1857, which was
later purchased by Willis ]\Iann and continued
by his son, E. P. Mann, who, in 1874, built the
present store building opposite the tavern. A post-
office M-as established in 1870, with E. P. Mann
as postmaster. It was continued by him until
1878, when William Mann, Jr., & Co. pur-
chased the store property and have since oper-
ated the store and conducted the post-office. In
1851 a Lutheran Church was erected in the
upper part of the village, with a seating capacity
of about four hundred. The pastors of the
church also have in chartre the church at Lillv-
540
JUNIATA ANT) SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
ville, Decatur township. The pastors have
been the Revs. C. M. Clink, Henry Baker,
Fair, Truckmiller, S. G. Shannon,
tlie present pastor. Rev. Luther McConnell.
MAITLAND.
Maitland is a station on the Mifflin and
Centre Railroad, about five miles from Lewis-
town and on Jack's Creek. It contains a post-
office, store, depot, school-house and a few
dwellings. A short distance from it, to the
west, is the grist-mill of Henry Stine, which,
in 17t)8, was the property of John Waggoner,
who also was running a saw-mill. This prop-
erty he sold, April 15, 1813, to Henry Miller,
who operated it until April 21, 1834, when it
passed to Michael Roush, with two hundred
and forty-nine acres of land. The mill was
actively engaged by him until AjDril 21, 1849,
when the mill and land were purchased by
Abraham Rothi-ock, who sold it to Jacob Stine,
April 13, 1858, with two hundred and thirty-
four acres. Upon the death of Jacob Stine, it
passed to his son, Henry, who now owns it.
The church building of the German Baptists
is a short distance above the mill. An account
of this church and its congregation will be here
found.
History of the Brethren Church' of
Dry Valley and the County. — As will
be seen, this sketch covers not only the Breth-
ren Church in Dry Valley, but the history of
the denomination in the county.
The organizations of the Brethren now ex-
isting in Mifflin County are, — 1. The Lewis-
town congregation, sometimes spoken of as the
Dry Valley congregation ; 2. The Spring Run
congregation.
The former embraces the eastern part of
Mifflin County, including Lewistowu, with
their meeting-house or central place of worship
near Maitland Station, five miles northeast of
Lewistown, on Sunbury and Lewistown Rail-
road, which is called the Dry Valley INIeeting-
liouse.
The congregation consists of about one hun-
dred and twenty-five communicants, with Jacob
1 By S. G. Rupert, of Lewistown, Pa.
Mohler and William Howe, their elders, and
G. S. Myers, S. J. Swigart, Andrew Spanogle,
John M. Mohlei', Albert Steinbarger and S. G.
Rupert, ministers, — Elder Jacob ]SIohler being
the oldest in office ; the others follow in the
order named. The deacons are Moses Price,
Henry Snyder, Samuel Richard, Daniel Zook,
Jacob Howe, Jacob Showalter and Jacob
Richard.
The Spring Run congregation embraces the
western part of the county, including McVey ■
town, with their central place of worship in
their meeting-house on Spring Run, two and a
half miles north of McVeytown Station, Penn-
sylvania Railroad, and consists of about three
hundred communicants, with P. S. Myers, of
McVeytown, as their elder, and Abram My-
ers, Samuel Musser, George H. Swigart, R.
T. Myers and J. A. Myers, their ministers;
Henry Swigart, Joseph Dunmire, Adam Ru-
pert, M. F. H. Kinsel, John Yoder, Jacob
Miller and John C. Swigart, deacons.
These two congregations are sub-divisions of
what was the Lewistown District or congrega-
tion, which was divided September 23, 1865.
The original Lewistown District embraces a
part of Centre County, where the present Lew-
istown congregation still have regular appoint-
ments ; a part of Huntingdon County (Stone
Valley), which has been ceded to the Hunting-
don congregation ; and all of Mifflin County,
except Wayne township and the southwestern
part of Bratton township, which belonged to the
Aughwick congregation, to which the whole of
the Lewistown District belonged and from
which it was separated about 1800. After the
sub-division of the Lewistown District into the
present districts, the Aughwick District, by ar-
rangement, ceded her territory in Mifflin County
to the Spring Run congregation.
Of the earliest history of the Brethren in the
Lewistown District but little is known. Their
work can be traced to about the time of the
Revolutionary War. The field seems to have been
first worked by Henry Nearhoof, of Aughwick,
and Peter Shellenberger, of Lost Creek. The
first resident ministers were Jacob Kinsel, who
settled near the present site of the Spring Run
Church ; Joseph Rothrock, who lived four miles
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
541
northeast of Lewistowu ; and John Hauuwult,
one mile cast of Mount Union. The last named
was probably the first speaker in the English
language among the Brethren in this region.
He was an excellent man, decidedly original in
his habits and manner, but not a fluent sjjeaker,
and died at the age of sixty-two in the year
1827.
Joseph Rothrock was a son of John lioth-
rock, who came from Northampton County be-
fore the Revolutionary War and bought the
claim of one Kishler, four miles northeast of
Lewistown, where Joseph resided until his death,
at an advanced age. He was an able German
preacher and a noble example of Christian pi-
ety. He was a minister for many years and
probably the first resident bishop in the dis-
trict. His son Abraham succeeded him in the
ministry and bishopric, but afterwards moved
to Kansas. Abraham was succeeded by Joseph
Rothrock Plauawalt, who presided over the
congregation in 1865, when the district was di-
vided into its present congregations ; he retained
the oversight of both congregations for some
years, when he was relieved of the care of the
Lewistown charge by the ordination of Jacob
Mohler.
Joseph R. Hauawalt was an able speaker in
the English language and a mission worker of
untiring zeal. He was elected to the ministry
September 25, 1845, and some years previous
to this the church had decided to have one-
half of the devotional exercises conducted in
the English language, whereupon the member-
ship began to increase and prominent fomilies
l)ecame connected with the church, many of
whom could undei'stand no German, and thus
the German wore out and the English devotions
increased until about 1845, the year in which
Joseph R. Hanawalt was elected, when the whole
services were conducted in the English lan-
guage.
The congregation at this time had no meet-
ing-houses and the membership was largely
scattered over the county. An arrangement
was made for all the members that had suitable
houses for meeting to open them for regular
stated preaching ; there being twenty places of-
fered at various points over the congregation,
the meetings were arranged in rotation, so that
the apj)ointnients at each place were twenty
weeks apart. The membershij) grew rapid Iv
until, in 1858, the congregation having bec(Hiie
too large to be entertained in private dwellings,
many having been removed to the school-houses,
the church concluded to build houses for wor-
ship. They decided to build two houses, one
in the eastern part and the other in the western.
Accordingly, in 1859 they built the present two
large and substantial houses now known as
Spring Run Church and Dry Valley Church.
Joseph R. Hanawalt was heard to say, abdut
this time, that when he first became a member
of the church there were but thirty-five mem-
bers and but six of this number living, M'hile
at this time there are about three hundred mem-
bers.
Joseph R. Hanawalt was a nephew of John
Hanawalt, and died in the year 1877 at the age
of sixty-seven. He was succeeded in the bish-
opric of the Spring Run Church Ity Peter S.
flyers, the present incumbent.
It is but due to say that a large drainage
from this district has gone to make up the nu-
merous churches in many of the Western States.
And several prominent and useftd ministers
of the Brethren labored in these districts at var-
ious times, who are not mentioned in the above
account.
Henry Snyder, a very promising speaker,
was suddenly cut oil' by fever in 1827, having
been in the ministry but a few years.
David Eshleman was called to the ministry
in 1836 and soon removed to Clarion Countv,
Pa.
John Spanogle moved into the district about
1845 and labored about four years, when he
returned to the Aughwick congregation from
whence he came.
Adam Young was elected to the ministrv in
1859 and in a few years moved to White Coun-
ty, Ind.
Reuben flyers was called to the ministrv in
1849 and labored until 1863, when death called
him home. He was an able preacher and had
married Henry Snyder's daughter. She soon
followed him in death.
Achibald Vandyke was elected to the minis-
542
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
try in 1859 aud labored with considerable suc-
cess until 1868, when he moved to Nebraska.
S. Z. Sharp aud Samuel ]V[yers, Jr., were
elected in 1862 aud in a few years moved to
Tennessee.
In 1865 George Hanawalt aud John Price
were called to the ministry. Price never la--
bored much in his office and died in 1871.
George Hanawalt, who was a son of Joseph
R. Hanawalt, labored with success until 1879,
when he moved to Cambria County, Pa.
John S. Hanawalt, a brother of George, was
elected in 1873. He was an able speaker, and
died in 1873. W. J. Swigart was elected in
1876 at Spriug Run, and soon moved to Hun-
tingdon, Pa. These were all residents of Mif-
flin County and members of the one or the
other of these two districts.
The oldest aud first settlers of the Brethren in
the county were Susannah and ISIary Rothrock.
They were twin-sisters, and married George
and John Hanawalt (brothers). They were
daughters of George Rothrock and cousins of
Elder Joseph Rothrock, noticed above. Su-
sannah was the mother of Joseph R. Hanawalt.
They married and came to this countiy very
voung, about 1786. Susannah was baptized
about 1794, and is believed to have been the
first person baptized by the Brethren in the
county. She lived to the age of eighty-two,
and died in 1854.
Jacob Kinsel probably came here about the
same time, and soon after Peter Fike settled in
the neighborhood and subsequently Samuel
Mvers and Elizabeth, his wife, came from Lost
Creek, she being a daughter of Peter Shellen-
berger, mentioned above. These and probably
a few others formed the first community of the
Brethren.
The church has been aided and strengthened
all these years by others who were not men-
tioned above aud who were not ministers.
There has been zeal among the deacons and
lay members worthy of note.
Joseph Kinsel, a son of Jacob and father of
Mr. F. H. Kinsel, served faithfidly as a deacon
for many years and died in 1854.
Samuel Myers, spoken of above and father
of Elder P. S. Myers, Samuel Myers, Jr., and
R. T. Myers, ministers, was a zealous worker
and supporter of the church ; his house was ever
open for the worship of God aud a home for
the Brethren. He served in the office of deacon
from 1848 until he was relieved by death, about
1878.
Christian Swigart, father of S. J. Swigart,
W. J. Swigarti and J. C. Swigart, mentioned
above, although blind for many years, has
always kept his Father's Kingdom in view, and
has encouraged others more fortunate to attain
a high degree of holiness.
John Rupert, father of S. G. Rupert, men-
tioned above, moved into the congregation from
Aughwickin 1854, and was elected to the office
of deacon in 1857. He was a faithful watch-
man and zealous worker for Christ and His
cause, and was taken to his reward in 1881.
Henry Hertzler who lived in Bratton town-
ship), gave his whole heart to the church and
made it his meat and his drink to do his
Father's will, and was taken home at an ad-
vanced age in about 1879.
These, with mauy others who put their shoul-
ders to the wheel, their hands to the plow and
kept moving onward, have been instruments in
the hands of God to promulgate His cause and
glorify His name by bringing many souls from
nature's darkness to Him who is the marvelous
light.
These congregations belong to what is known
as the Middle District of Pennsylvania, which
comprises all the churches from the summit of
the Allegheny Mountains on the west to the
Susquehanna River on the east.
Early Settlers of Derry. — The valley
of the Kishacoquillas attracted the attention of
emigrants who were searching for land as soon
as this section was open for settlement. One
of the earliest along the Kishacoquillas Creek,
soutli of Jack's Mountain, was Everhart Mar-
tin, whose first warrant was dated April 2,
1755. He afterwards took out warrants for
other tracts, a large part of which came into
possession of the Freedom Iron Company many
years ago, and is now owned by the Logan Iron
and Steel Company. He left it by will to his
son Christopher and daughter Prudence. This
land lay along the creek a short distance below
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
543
tlic mountain. It is not known that Kverliart
Martin lived on the place. His sou Christopher
erected a saw-mill on the creek opposite Yeager-
tovvn and sold the property in 1795; the mill
jiassed, in 179(5, to James Mayes. In the assess-
ment roll of Derry township for 1772, on record
:it Carlisle, Samuel Holliday and Abraham San-
ford are the only persons assessed on grist-
mills. Holliday was on the Juniata, at McVey-
town, and Sanford was on the Kishacoquillas
Creek, in the Narrows. He resided at the place,
and in the deed he gave to Malcolm Andre, May
12, 1796, he describes it as being the tract on [
which "I now reside," adjoining lands of James
Mayes, which was part of the Everliart Martin
tract, and William Brown, Esq., which was
above the Narrows and known as Brown's
IVIills.' It was also described as being
at the lower side of the Narrows, includ-
ing both the east and west sides of the
creek, in all fifty acres, with the grist-mill,
dwelling-house and other improvements. At
this time he moved to Potter township.
He retained a part of his original tract (which
was warranted October 12, 1772), as on the 30th
of September, 1 800, he sold a small tract at the
same place to Jacob Steely, which Sanford had
improved in 1776. At the place Lazarus
Steely had run an oil-mill from 1 798, which in
1825 was still there, and had been abandoned
but a year or two previous. The stone house
now used as a boarding-house was in 1825 used
as a tavern, and was kept by Adam Greer. It
is in Brown township, and now used as a
boarding-house by William Mann & Co.
The property on which the mill was situated
was sold by Malcolm Andre, December 10, 1802,
to Henry Long, who was a sickle-maker, and
in 1803 is assessed on a sickle-factory and as a
sickle-maker. He continued the manufacture
until March 31, 1815, when he sold the property
to William Brown, Esq. The grist-mill is not
' Abraham Sanford made application to the Land-Office
February 23, 1767, for three hundred acres of land in Lack
township (now Turbett). At the same time he appears as
a renter of a grist-mill and the only one in the county of
.(uniata. To whom it belonged is not known, nor its loca-
tion. He says in one of his deeds that he made his im-
provement in .lack's Narrows in 1770.
mentioned in the deed from Long to Brown, and
it probably was abandoned under the ownership
of Long, who turned the mill into a sickle-fac-
tory. Mr. Long retired at that time to Drv
Valley, where he purchased a tract of land con-
taining four hundred acres, and where he lived,
and died in 1 843, aged sixty-seven, leaving one son
and two daughters. John H. Long, the son, about
1829, settled at Lewistown as a merchant.
Mary, a daughter, became the wife of Thomas
Reed. Eliza, the youngest daughter, married
James McGinnis Martin, son of Samuel Martin.
Henry Long was buried in the burial-ground of
the Little Valley Presbyterian Church, at Kel-
lyville. The farm is now owned by Johnson
Sigler and the heirs of J. M. Martin.
James George came to Mifflin County in 1812,
from Virginia, and settled in the Narrows, and
soon after engaged in the manufacture of guns.
He afterward took as a partner Jonas Spangler.
George died in Lewistown about 1818 or 1819.
Iron from Freedom Forge was used for the
manufacture of gun-barrels.
Ulrich Steely had taken up one hundred
acres of laud in 1788 on the south side of Jack's
Mountain, and in 1798 Lazarus Steely was
assessed on an oil-mill. Jacob Steely bought
of Abraham Sanford a small part of the
original Sanford tract, which part was im-
proved in 1776. The grist-mill of San-
ford, later the sickle-factory of Henry Long,
is a stone building, now owned by William
Mann & Co., and is used as a grinding-shop,
a part of the axe-factory. It is in Derry
township, the line passing just above it.
William Creighton came to Freedom Forge
in 1825, and says the oil-mill was then there
unused, and that Adam Greer kept tavern in the
stone house, now a boarding-house. It has a
date-stone bearing the figures 1794, and was
doubtless the homestead of Abraham Sanford.
It is in Brown township.
Matthew and George Kelly, brothers, took
out a warrant for one hundred and fifty-six
acres of land in the south end of Drv Valley
about 1773, which was patented October 1,
1776. George conveyed his interest to Mat-
thew, December 20, 1788, and moved West.
Matthew, by his will, left this farm to John,
544
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Moses and Nancy (Frampton). The two last
sold tiieir interest to John, August 19, 1802,
who the same day sold the tract to Henry
Burkholder, whose sister Susanna was the wife
of Moses Kelly. He lived upon the farm till
his death. He had thirteen children, of wliom
Matilda, the eldest, became Mrs. Henry Book.
They settled first at Little Valley, and later
near Yeagertown, where he still resides. John
settled in Decatur ; Joseph first in Lewistowu,
and later in Decatur. Elizabeth (Mrs. John
Adams) and Anna (Mrs. John Williams, of
Derry township) were daughters.
John Alexander, the eldest son of Hugh
Alexander, who settled permanently in Sher-
man's Valley in 1758, was born during the
troublous times, 1755-56, and it is uncertain
whether he was born in Nottingham, Chester
County, or in Sherman's Valley (now Perry
County). He married ]\Iargaret Clark. John
Alexander in his youth was one who responded
to the call for aid to the country in the time of
the Revolution, and participated in the battle
of Trenton. Soon after this event he was
called home by the illness of his father, who
died shortly after, in March, 1777. He re-
mained at home until about 1787, when he,
with his wife and children — Frances, Hugh
and Samuel — removed to Little Valley (Derry
township). At this place he purchased of
Christopher Martin a large tract of land, part
of which had been taken up by his father,
Everhart Martin, in 1755. This tract is now
owned by several persons. John Alexander was
one of the founders of the Little Valley Presby-
terian Church, and was a ruling elder until his
death. He lived on the tract he purchased in
1787, a quiet and prosperous farmer, until his
death, November 23, 1816, aged about sixty
years. He M'as buried in the churchyard of
the old East Kishacoquillas Church. His
widow survived him and died in November,
1830, and was buried by her husband. Of
their children, Frances, the eldest, became the
wife of Samuel Milroy in 1803 and died in
1806. Her husband, in 1810, removed to Ken-
tucky, and in 1814 to Indiana Territory (now
Washington County, Ind.). He was a member
of the first Constitutional Convention to form
a constitution of the State and filled many im-
portant public positions, and died in 1845, aged
sixty-four years.
Hugh Alexander, the eldest son of John and
Margeret, in 1806, married Elizabeth, the
daughter of Colonel Alexander Brown, whose
wife, Jane, was a daughter of James Alexander,
the first of the name who settled in this valley.
After the marriage of Hugh they settled on a
part of the lands in the Kishacoquillas Valley,
on part of which afterwards the seminary was
erected, and which land was given to Mrs.
Alexander by her father. Here they lived and
died surrounded by a large family. He was for
forty years an elder in the Presbyterian Church ,
and died October 16, 1868, aged eighty-seven
years. His wife survived him and died Feb-
ruary 22, 1871, aged eighty-three years. They
had eleven children, several of whom are living
on the homestead and in the vicinity.
Samuel Edmiston Alexander, the second son
of John, was born in what is (now Madison
township. Perry County) Sherman's Valley
January 17, 1785. He was named after his
maternal grandfather. Dr. Samuel Edmiston,
of Chester County, Pa. In his youth he learned
the trade of a carpenter. On the 28th of December
1809, he married a cousin, Mary, the daughter
of James Alexander, of West Kishacoquilla.s,
and settled in Derry township, on a portion of
his father's tract, which was then mostly a forest.
This he cleared and made a valuable farm. He
was also an elder in the church, as were his
ancestors for two or three generations, and was
also elected an associate judge of Mifflin Coun-
ty, They were the parents of fifteen children,
who have settled in different parts of the coun-
try, a number of them in their native township,
of whom John E. graduated at Jeff^erson College
in 1839, and entered Princeton Theological
Seminary and prepared for the ministry. He
was licensed in the Huntingdon Presb^'tery in
1842, and entered the ministry of the Presby-
terian Church.
James H,, one of the sons, settled on " Fruit ■
land Farm," a part of his grandfather's original
tract, where he still resides.
Samuel H., another son, graduated at Lafay-
ette College in 1855, and was principal of Kish-
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
545
acoqiiillas Seminary from 1856-58. He stud-
ied theology and graduated at Princeton Semi-
nary in 1861 and entered tlie ministry. He
was agent of the Christian Commission at the
battle-field of Antietam. In 1864 he founded
the Classical Institute of Columbia, Pa., of
which he remained principal until 1874, when
he retired to a farm near Culpeper, Va.
Thomas C'lark Alexander, the third sou of
John and INIargaret, was born in Little A-^alley
in 1799. He settled on the Fruitland Farm, a
portion of his father's tract now occupied by
James H. Alexander. In 1831 he removed to
East Kishacoquillas A'alley to a farm he had
purchased of J. and J. Milliken, where he re-
mained until he retired from active life. His
children settled in different parts of the county,
and in 1856 he moved to Ohio, where some
of them had settled, and where he died in 1858.
George Rothrock, the first of the family of
that name, took out a warrant for a tract of land
June 9, 1773, and later took up other lands,
amounting in all to two hundred acres, for which
he received a patent April 7, 1775. They were
situated in Ferguson's Valley, where now the
Albrights reside. His brother Philip built
upon the place, in 1798, a tannery, which he
conducted until 1802, when he purchased land
and built a tannery at Kellyville, and lived
there till his death, in 1851. Jonathan, another
brother, located land at Logan, on the Kishaco-
quillas Creek, and built there a saw-mill. A
portion of his land belongs to the Logan Steel
and Iron Company. He was a member of the
State Legislature at an early day. His son
George was a miller, and was for many years at
Thompsontown, Juniata County.
John Rothrock, a son of George, the first
settler, purchased the farm of his father Api'il
26, 1826, and March 25, 1828, he sold it to
George Albright. The tannery was continued
by the Albrights until 1846, when it was bought
by Samuel Aurand, who continued it many
years. It was later run by Henry Kane, and
is now abandoned.
Abraham Labaugh came to this county about
1780, and located three hundred acres of land
about three miles east of Logan, part of which
is now owned by heirs of J. ^McGinnis Martin.
35
His daughter married Philip Rothrock, who set-
tled at Kellyville. Dr. Abraham Rothrock, a son,
relates that his mother used to tell him of their
journey from Carlisle to this county when she
was a child. She, with her sister, were put in a
cliaff-bag, one on either side of the horse, and
were so brought over the mountains. She died
in 1858, aged eighty-one years, and is buried
by the side of her husband in the Presbyterian
graveyard at Kellyville.
Rachel Harrison M'arranted in 1767 three
hundred acres near the Martin tract, and on the
west side of the creek. Robert Means settled on
the place, and a part of his tract became in
later years part of the Isaac Price farm. The
Harrison tract is mostly absorbed in the Logan
Iron and Steel Comj)any's lands.
Robert Means emigrated from Ireland, and,
with his family, first settled in Bucks County,
Pa., from whence he removed, in 1770, to
Derry township, Mifflin County, and erected a
log house, which is still standing, on ground
now owned by his grandson, Robert A. Means.
This land was at that time purchased from in-
dividuals who held it by what was known as
the " squatter's right," Mr. Means having
reached his destination by a voyage up the
Juniata River in canoes, which were lashed to-
gether for convenience. He warranted two hun-
dred acres of land May 4, 1773, and in 1789
and 1795 warranted other lands; part of it
lay along Jack's Mountain.
His children were John, born in 1744 ;
Margaret, in 1748 ; Robert, November 2, 1750;
James, in 1753; Jane, in 1755; Joseph, in
1760; Mary, in 1763; George, in 1764;
Nancy, in 1766 ; and William, in 1769.
Robert Means was married to a ]\Iiss Kelly.
Both were members of the Lewistown Presby-
terian Church,wliich they aided in building, and
both are interred in the old burial-place on the
farm of John Means. The ground originally
purchased by Robert Means, Sr., embraced
four farms, including the homestead of ninety-
six acres inherited by his son, Robert Means,
who was born near Newtow-n, in Bucks County,
and accompanied his parents on their emigra-
tion to Mifflin County, where he devoted his
life to farming pursuits.
546
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
He married, on the 31st of May, 1791, Han-
nah SIcKee, who was of Scotch-Irish descent.
Their children are George, born in 1792;
Margaret, wife of Philip Corbet, in 1794, who
moved to Clarion County, Pa., where her death
occurred ; William, in 1796, who also settled in
Clarion County on the farm located by liis
father; Andrew, in 1799, who never married,
but continued to reside in Armagh township,
where he followed the saddler's trade ; Robert
1 836, married to Matthew B. Taylor, of Brown
township; Samuel Albert, in 1837, a farmer in
White County, 111. ; Francis Andrew, in 1839,
a farmer in Derry township; Priscilla, in 1841,
wife of Henry Slaymaker, a merchant of Phila-
delphia ; Robert Howard, in 1843, now resid-
ing on the homestead ; Mary Ann, in 1847, wife
of Dr. Owen Osier, of Philadelphia ; and Wil-
liam, in 1851, a druggist in Lebanon, Pa. Mr.
Means received but meagre advantages of edu-
/i JOUu^^^
Anderson, August 8, 1801 ; Nancy, in 1804,
wife of John McClure, who died in Clarion
County; Mary Ann, in 1806, who also died in
Clarion County ; Eliza, in 1808, wife of Robert
Rothrock, who removed to AVhite County, Ind ,
where her death occurred ; and Hannah (Mi-s.
William McFarlane), still living in Lewistowu.
Robert Anderson Means, on the 26th of March,
1835, married Elizabeth B., daughter of Samuel
McNitt, of Armagh township, who was born
December 16, 1813, and died September 26,
1875. Their children are Eliza Jane, born in
cation, and was early accustomed to lend his
services in the work connected with the farm.
On the death of his father he succeeded to the
homestead property, then embracing ninety-six
acres, which no^v includes fifty additional acres
of arable land. About forty years since he re-
built and greatly improved the residence which
he has since occupied. In politics Mr. Means
is a Democrat, but not a strong party man, and
was a warm supporter of the Union during the
late war, his son Samuel Albert having served
during the early period of that conflict. Both
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
547
Mr. and Mrs. Means, many years since, became
members of the Presb^-teriau Church of Brown
townshij), in wliich their son Francis A. is an
elder.
Andrew Mayes (a brother of James Mayes,
who settled at what is now Yeagertown) settled
near Lewistowu, where he took out a warrant
for fifteen acres of land, May 1, 1792, and later
in 1792 purchased a large tract adjoining. In
1793 he had two hundred acres, and in 1798
had upon the land a grist-mill and an old saw-
mill. In this year he sold two hundred acres
which lay on the west side of the Kishacoquil-
las, adjoining lands of John Gregg and Arthur
Foster. On the remaining land he had built
a stone grist-mill and a long race, which is still
used and was for a long time a feeder of the
canal. The land on which the stone mill and
its successor, the frame mill, stood, is now the
property of William Willis. The pi'operty was
sold by Andrew Mayes about 1811, and about
1813 came into the possession of James Milli-
ken, who kept it until after 1842, when it
passed to John Sterrett and the frame mill was
torn down, and the large mill in the borough
took its place.
William Shaw came to this county from
Watsontown in 1808, and May 28th in that
year bought of Isaiah Willis fifty-four acres of
laud on the west side of Kishacoquillas Creek,
and to include a small run of water. Applica-
tion was made for a tract of two hundred acres,
including this, November 4, 1766, by Robert
Glenn. It passed respectively to David
McAnair, James Barr, William Brown, Robert
Buchanan and Andrew Mayes before it came to
Isaac Willis. Mr. Shaw erected a tannery soon
after his settlement, which he conducted many
years, and was continued by his son Robert
until his death, in 1876, when it was abandoned.
A mill-seat was upon the property, and Mr.
Shaw gave, in 1831, to his son-in-law, Arthur B.
Long, one-half intere.st in it, and they built, in
1832, Mount Rock Mill. Mr. Long retired
in 1840, and Mr. Shaw continued until his
death, in 1856, when it passed to other hands,
and in 1868 came to Samuel Rodgers, who
owned it until JIarcli 31, 1880, when it was
sold to Andrew Spanogle, by whom it is still
owned. The mill is now operated by Spanogle
and Yeager, who have introduced the new roller
process ;' they also operate the mill at Reedsville.
Mr. Shaw had three sons and four daughters —
Robert W. and Wm. F. remained on the farm ;
John W. settled in Lewistowu as a lawyer, where
he still resides; Anna E. became the wife of Ar-
thur B. Long, and now resides in Lewistowu ;
Maria married Isaac Townsend, of Little Valley ;
Susan married Robert Sterrett, of Lock's Mills ;
and Harriet, Alfred Marks, of Lewistown.
Robert Forsythe came to this coimty in
June, 1784, and about the time of the establish-
ment uf Mitfliu County came to Lewistown and
became a merchant in the new town. He lived
there until his death, in 1824. He purchased
large tracts of land in Derry township, and in 181 7
was assessed on one thousand acres of land. He
owned the mills at Yeagertown, and a large tract
of four hundred acres on Jack's Creek, which was
warranted Jime 8, 1762, and called "Jack's
Beaver Dam." This passed to Thomas Holt in
1763, who at the same time conveyed it to
Charles and John Cox and George Armstrong.
It eventually came to Charles Cox, who conveyed
it to his daughter Grace in 1789. On the 29th
of May, 1790, she sold it to James Le Roy de
Chaumont, of LeRoy, Jeiferson County, X. Y.,
who, on the 20th of May, 1816, conveyed it to
Robert Fors^•the. After his death the family
removed to the farm where Mrs. Matthew
Fors^-the now lies, and where Matthew, the
eldest son, lived and died.
Robert Foi's^'the, Jr., settled on the Ziegler
farm, and George above the homestead on Jack's
Creek. Of the daughters, Nancy became the
wife of the Rev. Samuel Cooper ; Elizabeth
married Henry Taylor, of the Kishacoquillas
^"allev ; and Charlotte now resides with her
brother George in Lewist^)wn.
The McFaddens owned a small tract of land
before 1798 below the lower lock in the Nar-
rows, where John ]McFadden was a.ssessed on the
same land in 1809, and as an eel catcher. In
1810 he was keeping the tavern at the Woods
place, which he kept until 1822. The family
' Mount Rock Mills was destroyed by fire in the night
of July 21, 1885.
548
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
also were old residents in Granville, at or near
Granville Station.
John and George Bumbangh, in 1818, were in
Lewi.stown as saddle-tree makers. Some of the
family, a siiort time after, purchased land on the
turnpike to Mifflintown, at the upper end of the
Narrows. Jacob kept tavern in the stone house
which stood against the mountain. It was after-
wards torn down and the tavern was kejat in a
frame house, which is also gone. At or near the
place was the gate-house of the turnpike. The
stone house now standing by the upper lock was
built by the turnjjike company.
Logan Steel and Iron Company and
Standard Steel-Works. — The first attemjit
at the manufacture of iron in what is now
Mifflin County was made by William Brown,
who erected a forge in 1795 on the site of the
puddle-mill at Ijogan. The first reliable infor-
mation concerning it is found in the court records
of Mifflin County of the August term, 1795,
and is the record of a petition for a road " from
Freedom Forge, thence the nearest and best way
to the river Juniata near to or at McClelland's
landing."
The landing here mentioned was at Lems-
town, and was owned by George McClelland,
who, a short time later, erected the stone house
that now stands between the railroad and Kisha-
coquillas Creek, by the bridge on Main Street.
The forge is again mentioned in the court records !
of November, 1800. In 1812 the property \
was sold by William Brown and the heirs of j
William Maclay to Samuel Miller and Joseph !
Martin, iron-masters, of Lancaster, and John j
Brown, son of William. The firm-name was
Miller, Martin & Co. The forge was contin-
ued in operation until 1834, when it was rebuilt
with one cliafery and six refining fires and with
a capacity of manufacturing eight hundred tons
of bloom iron per annum. It was continued
from that time until 1878, when it was t(,)ru
down to give way for the present puddle-mill,
which was erected on its site.
Miller, Martin & Co., on the 12th of Novem-
ber, 1812, advertised in the Juniata Gazette for
workmen, " as they are engaged in building a
furnace at Freedom Forge." The furnace built
at this time was erected a short distance below
the Emma Furnace, and the power was obtained
from Early's or Hungry Run by means of a
race.
In 1825 a new furnace was in operation, the
old one having been taken down and the stone
used in the construction of the new one on the
same site. This furnace was about twenty feet
in height, with a bosh of seven feet. Blooms and
bar-iron were made. Its capacity was twelve
or fifteen tons per week. There was at the place,
in 1825, a store, (of which John Evans was
clerk,) and thirteen one-storv-and-a-half tenant-
houses. Finley Ellis Mas manager of the fur-
nace. The ore was mostly obtained from Stone
Valley, Huntingdon County, also from McNitt's
farm, in the West Kishacoquillas Valley, about
three miles from the forge. William Creigh-
ton, now living at Yeagertown, wa.s employed
at the works in 1825. The furnace was aban-
doned about 1830.
On the 18th of October, 1813, the firm of
Miller, Martin & Co., was dissolved. Wil-
liam Brown purchased the interest of Joseph
Martin, and Dr. John Watson, of Lancaster,
the interest of Samuel Miller. The firm-name
under the new management became John
Brown & Co., and the works were known as
the " Freedom Iron-Works." Under this firm
Finley Ellis was for many years manager. In
1827 the interest of John Brown was purchased
by John Norris, and the firm-name was
changed to William Brown & Co., and so re-
mained until 1833. The interest of Norris was
sold to William Brown in the spring of that
year. The works for several years prior to this
time had been operated by lessees, of whom were
John Irvine, John Doyle and Dr. Smith.
The company had been purchasing lands at
different times, and at this time (1833) were in
possession of about eighteen thousand acres, in
the townships of Derry, Union, Armagh, Deca-
tur and Penn's Valley, besides numerous ore-
rights. The forge and furnace tract embraced
four hundred acres.
On the 13th of May, 1833, William Brown
and Dr. John Watson, then sole owners, con-
veyed Freedom Iron-Works and the eighteen
thousand acres of land to Francis W. Rawle and
James Hall, of Lancaster County, and William
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
549
B. Norris and Samuel Patton. This company,
under the name of Norris, Rawle & Co., were
operating Greenwood Furnace and Reljecca
i^orge (the last under lease), on Stone Creek,
Huntingdon County. On the 10th of Febru-
ary, 1835, they advertised Greenwood Furnace,
Freedom Forge and the lease of Rebecca Forge
for sale.
The firm was dissolved on April 1, 1835, by
the ix'tirement of Norris and Patton, and Rawle
and Hall continued. The property was not
sold until November 4, 1847, when John Ster-
rett became the purchaser, who, December 9th
the same year, sold it to Archibald, John and
John A. Wright. November 24, 1854, the lat-
ter came into full possession and remained until
December 23, 1856, when he conveyed Freedom
Forge and about forty thousand acres of land to
the Freedom Iron Company. Joseph Thomas
was president and John A. Wright superintend-
ent, and later president. The company erected
on the island a forge and a rolling-mill for roll-
ing iron tires, with a capacity for manufacturing
two thousand tires per year. In the year 1866
the company was reorganized, with a view of man-
ufacturing steel tire, and the name was changed
to "The Freedom Iron and Steel Company," and
on the 22d of January, 1866, the property
passed to the new company. In 1867 the com-
pany erected large stone and frame buildings on
the island and put in the Bessemer plant, with
two five-ton converters on the English jilan,
this being then the fourth in this country — the
first being at Wyandotte, Mich., in 1863; the
second at Troy, N. Y., in 1865; the third
at the Pennsylvania Steel-Works, Steelton, in
1867. The first blow was made May 1, 1868,
and for one year locomotive tires, rails and forg-
ings were made. lu 1869 the Bessemer works
were dismantled, and in 1871 most of the ma-
chinery was sold- to the Joliet Steel Company,
of Illinois.
The Logan Steel and Iron Company was or-
ganized in 1871, and purchased the property of
the Freedom Iron and Steel Company and be-
gan operations in November of that year in the
manufacture of charcoal pig-iron and bar-iron.
The rolling-mill and bar-mill were still on the
island, and were there operated until 1882, when
a new rolling-mill was built on the west side of
the Kishacoquillas Creek, with three train of
eighteen, twelve and eight-inch, and five double
puddling furnaces, three steam-hammers, an en-
gine of five hundred horse-power and two of one
hundred horse-power each. The capacity of the
mill is eight thousand tons of finished iron per
annum. Upon its completion the old roll-
ing-mill was abandoned and the property leased
to the Standard Steel Company, who now oper-
ate it.
The Freedom Iron and Steel Company built
the Emma Furnace in 1868, with nine feet bosh
and a stack thirty-four feet in height ; the stack
was increased to forty-two feet in December,
1 880, when the furnace was changed from char-
coal to coke. Its present capacity is four thou-
sand tons per annum.
The old puddle-mill on the east side of the
creek was erected in 1878 by the Logan Steel
and Iron Company, on the site of the old forge
erected in 1795, and was fitted with a sixteen-
inch puddle-train and four double and one sin-
gle furnace. The capacity of the old and new
puddling-mills is about nine hundred tons per
month.
The company also own and operate Green-
wood Furnace, in Stone Creek, Huntingdon
County, which was the property of Rawle &
Hall in 1835, when they came into possession
of Freedom Forge. The company employ,
when in fuU operation, two hundred and eighty
men. A large store is at the place, and in
1882 the company erected a large and commo-
dious brick office, two stories in height, thirty-
eight by forty feet. The first president of the
Logan Steel and Iron Company was John
M. Kennedy, of Philadelphia, who was suc-
ceeded by H. T. Townsend, now president.
R. H. Lee became superintendent of the Free-
dom Iron Company in 1865, and succeeded to
the same position with the Freedom Iron &
Steel Company, and later with the Logan Steel
and Iron Company, which position he now
holds.
The Standard Steel-Works are located on
what is known at Logan as the Island. The
manufacture of steel here was begun by the
Freedom Iron and Steel Company, by the Bes-
550
JUNI/VTA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
semer process, in November, 1868, and aban-
doned in 1869. The machinery was mostly
sold, in 1871, to the Joliet Steel Company,
Illinois who sold part of it the same year to Wil-
liam Butcher, of Philadelphia, who began the
manufacture of steel tires, and turned off the first
tire February 1, 1872. The works were fitted
with twenty-eight four-pot furnaces, and had a
capacity of turning off ten tons of crucible steel
per day. Mr. Butcher became embarrassed, aud
from August of that year until 1875 the works
were operated by creditors. The Standard
Steel Company was organized in that year,
mostly by the creditors of Mr. Butcher, and
took possession of the works. Steel was manu-
factured until 1875, since when it was aban-
doned. Steel ingots have been and are used
from the Otis Iron and Steel Company, of Cleve-
land, Ohio.
The manufacture of steel tires is the sole bus-
iness, and at present the capacity is one hun-
dred tires per day. It is the intention to add a
new roll in this year (1885) which will increase
the capacity to one hundred and fifty tires per
day. When in full force the company employ
about one hundred and twenty-five hands.
M. L. Brosius was general superintendent
from July 1, 1872, to March 1, 1884, when he
was succeeded by William G. Neilson as general
manager, and J. S. Stephenson, superintendent.
Schools. — One of the earliest school-houses
in the limits of the present township of Derry
was built on the land of George Rothrock (now
Albright's), in Ferguson Valley. It is mentioned
in a deed of 1828, when the property passed to
the Albrights. The site has been occupied from
that time and was accepted by the school direc-
tors in 1836.
A log school-house was erected on the lot of
the Little Valley Presbyterian congregation,
at what is now Kellyville, probably about 1810
The church building seems to have been in dis-
use in 1827-28, and the services were held in the
school-house. It was used until 1843, when it was
sold to the Freedom Iron Company, by whom
it was moved to Freedom and made into a
dwelling.' Hamilton aud Major David
'Joseph Cochran, who attended at this school-house in
1829, says of it : " The house was a large, square room,
Hough, in 1834, were appointed school directors,
Martin, David Rothrock, Elias Everhart,
Jabez Spencer, William S. Bell and Thompson
G. Bell were teachers in the old house. A new
frame house was erected in 1843, which served
its purpose until 1868, when the present brick
house was erected. The deed to the lot was
given by Moses Kelly, May 6, 1847. The
school law passed in April, 1834, aud at
the November term following the court ap-
pointed Joseph Matthews and David Hough as
directors. The township was laid out into five
districts, — one embracing Forsythe's Mills (now
Yeagertown), one in Dry Valley (now Kelly-
ville), one at Strode's, one at Samuel Price's and
one at Albright's. William P. Elliot, as secretary
of the board, advertised, August 4, 1835, that
proposals would be received from teachers until
August 15th, on which day the board would
meet at the house of James Turner, in Lewis-
town, and make contracts. In July, 1838,
Joseph Milliken sold a lot, in trust, for school
purposes, to the school directors, adjoining land
of Joseph Milliken and John Norris. This lot
is now in the borough limits. A brick school-
house is upon it, and it is used by the township.
An old school-house stood formerly back of the
poor-house, which was destroyed by a tree
falling upon it in 1851. About 1860 Matthew
Forsythe donated a lot to the directors, and the
present house on the road to Maitland Station
was erected. At what is now Maitland Station
the present school-house was built about 1860.
About 1840 Rawle & Hall sold to the
directors a lot for school purposes, on the road
from Freedom Forge to the Isaac Price farm ;
the deed bears date June 3, 1843. A house
was erected and was long known as the Old Red
School-house. The j)reseut house was erected in
1868 by the Logan Iron and Steel Company.
built of hewn logs, and could seat comfortably eighty to
ninety scholars, in double rows along three sides, while
the desk and seat of the teacher occupied the centre of the
west end in a line with the door and the stove. The outer
row was seated against, the walls, with writing-boards in
front for those who used the pen and pencil. Long benches,
with low backs, stood nearer the stove for the little fellows
who did not use the pen. A huge ten-plate stove stood
near the centre of the room between the teacher's desk and
the door."
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
551
On the road from Stine's Mill to Kellyville,
and not far from the mill, a brick .school-house
was erected about 1873. A school was estab-
lished at Forsythe's Mills (Yeagertown) in 1836,
but was abandoned. Later, a house was built
and used until 1870, when a brick school-house
was built, to which additions were made in
1883 and 1885. The township at present con-
tains twelve schools, with six hundred and
thirty-seven pupils.
Justices op the Peace. — The following
are the names of the justices of the peace who
iiave served in Derry township from 1840 :
1840. Joseph Hudson.
1845. Nathan Freer.
David Eothrock.
1S.")0. David Eothrock.
1851. Simon Yeager.
1853. William Cochran.
1854. A. B. Norris.
1855. Henry Ort.
1856. M. Cunningham.
1857. Henry Kristner.
1858. Daniel Bashoar.
William Cochran.
1859. Robert W. Shaw.
James M. Martin.
IStiO. William Albrisrht.
1861. Jeremiah Yeager.
1862. Samuel Earhart.
1866. James H. Martin.
1867. Hardman Phillips.
1868. Charles Stratford.
1869. James Collins.
1872. Aaron M. Stroop.
1876. T. G. Bell.
1877. Aaron M. Stroop.
1878. Benson Crownover.
1879. A. T. Hamilton.
1S80. James H. Sigler.
1881. Isaac Long.
1882. James B. Downan.
1883. Jacob Rarick.
CHAPTER VI.
ARMAGH TOWNSHIP.'
By 1769 many settlers had located north of
Jack's Mountain, and as that range lay between
them and the more thickly- settled portion of
the township, they were compelled to cross
the mountain to attend elections. To obvi-
ate this inconvenience, an effort was made to
form a new township, and to this end petitions
were sent to the courts of Cumberland County.
The following action was taken at the January
sessions, 1770 :
" L^pon reading the petition of several of the inhab-
itants of Kishachoquillas Great Valley, setting forth
that they labour under the Burthen of being in one
township with Derry, and as Jack's Mountain lies be-
tween the Great Valley and the rest of the township,
which cuts away all communication only at the Nar-
rows. The Petitioners therefore humbly prayed that
' By John Swartzell.
the Court would take them under due consideration
and strike the Great Valley off into a township bv
itself, leaving Jack's Mountain to be the Division line.
The Court Do thereupon consider and order that
Jack's Mountain aforesaid be the Division line be-
tween the township of Derry and the Part struck off
from Said township, which is called by the name of
Armagh township, allowing the township of Armagh
to include Kishachoquillas Narrows to where the
Road now crosses Kishachoquillas Creek."
Armagh township was originally part of
Derry, which embraced the whole of what is
now Mifflin County from its erection, in
January, 1767, to January, 1770, at which time
the Cumberland County Court erected all that
part of Derry township lying east of Jack's
Mountain as Armagh.
At the March term of Mifflin Countv
Court, in 1790, the township of Union was
erected from the west part of Armagh, and in
.lanuary, 1837, the town-shijis of Armagh and
Union were divided, forming Brown and Menno,
Brown being taken from Armagh, which
was then described as being six and a half
miles in length and six miles rin width, and
'•■ from the Knobs eastward to the Union Countv
line it is uninhabited, being a continuous range
of mountains."
The following is a list of the names of per-
sons assessed in 1773, and also shows the num-
ber of acres owned by each :
Colonel John Armstrong, 700; James Alexander,
200; James Paxton Alexander, 200 ; William Brown,
Esq., 300; Robert Brotherton, 50; Samuel Beard,
100; Isaac Bole, 100; Edward Beals, 100; Samuel
Boswell, 100 ; James Calhoone, 50 ; Joseph Coulter,
; John Cooper, 100 ; Cochran, 50 ; John Cul-
bertson, 200 ; Duncan Cameron, 150 ; Richard Coots,
300 ; Charles Cox, 700 ; Benjamin Chandley (adjoin-
ing Beaver Dams) 250 ; Robert Davidson, 100 ; Neal
Dougherty, 50; William Dickson, 200; James
Drinker, 250; Thomas Ewing, 100; William Henrj-,
950 ; John McDowell, 200 ; Joseph McKibbon, 100 :
James MeClure, 100 ; James Moore, 100 ; William
Miller (on Lowther Manor), ; John Mont-
gomery, Esq., 500 ; Samuel McClay, 300 adjoining
Colonel Armstrong) and 200 (adjoining James Alex-
ander, Mifflin & Dean 900 (adjoining Lowther Manor)';
David Nealy, 100; James Reed, 200; John Reed,
100 ; Edmund Richardson, 200 ; Joseph Shippen,
200 (mouth of Laurel Run); James Sterrett. 600;
Henry Taylor, 100 ; Mathew Taylor. 100 ; William
Taylor, 50 ; Samuel Taylor, 250 ; Samuel Wills, 100 ;
552
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Samuel Wallace, 700 (adjoining William Brown) ;
Dickson's Heirs, 100a.
Wallace & Jacobs, 900 (adjoining Sterrett).
Dunlap, John, 332a, 2h, 2c.
The following list is from the first assessment
Erwin, James, lb.
Early, William, 100a, lb, 2c.
roll of Armagh township after Mifflin County
Emit, John,* 100a, Ih, Ic.
was erected. Acres, horses and cows are de-
Eaton, David, 100a, Ih, Ic.
noted by the letters a, h and c. Union town-
ship was erected the next year, and the names
marked with a star indicate those who lived in
Eshcroft, Edward,* Ih, Ic.
Fleming, John, 600a, 3h, 3c, 1 still.
Fleming, William,* 200a, 2h, 2c.
Fleming, Henry,* Ic.
the territory set oif :
Fleming, James, Ic.
Glass, James, 100a, 2h, 2c.
" Alexander, James, 500a, Ih, Ic.
Gardner, Robert,* 150a, 2h, 2c.
Alexander, Robert, 500a, 2h, 2c.
Gardner, William, lb, Ic.
Alexander, Thomas,* 100a, Ih, 2c.
Hall, Benjamin, lb, Ic.
Alexander, Samuel, 111, Ic.
Hazlet, James,* 100a, 2h, 2c.
Alexander, Joseph,* 100a.
Hazlett, Joseph,* 135a, Ih, 2c.
Adams, Jacob, 300a, 2h, 2c.
Hazlet, Andrew,* 400a, 2h, 2c.
Adams, James, 2h, 2c.
Huston, James,* 200a, 2h, 3c.
Adams, Jonathan, Ih, le.
Hughes, Patrick, Ih, Ic.
Allison, William, 270a, 4h, 2c.
Jackson, Edward, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Allison, Robert,* 100a, 2h, 3c.
Johnson, James, 352a, 2h, 2c.
Allan, Nathan,* 100a, 2h, 2c.
Kyle, John, 200a, 2h, 2c.
Andrew, Michael, Ih.
Kyle, .Joseph, 400a, lb, 2c.
Armstrong, James,* 1000a, 2h, 2c, 1 negro.
Kenny, Matthew,* 100a, 2h, 2c.
Barr, Robert,* 2h, 2c.
Kishler, Jacob, Ic.
Barr, David,* 200a, 2h, 2c.
Logan, James,* 30a, lb, Ic.
Baum, Frederick,* 250a, 2h, 3c.
McNitt, John, 150a, 2h, 2c, 1 negro.
Barnhill, Robert, 80a, 2h, 2c.
McNitt, Robert, 200a, 2h, 2c.
Beatty, Stephen, 100a, 2h, 2c.
McNitt, Alexander, 300a, 2h, 2c.
Beatty, John, 166a, 2h, 2c.
McNitt, William, 200a, 2h, 2c, 1 nej
TO.
Beats, Edward, 100a, 2h, 2c.
McMonigle, John, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Beard, John, 100a, 2h, 2c, 1 saw-mill.
McMonigle, Neal, 248a, 2h, Ic.
Brown, Alexander, heirs, 500a.
McDowell, John,* 300a, 2h, 2c.
Brown, William, Esq., 700a, 2h, 2c, 2 negroes, 1
McDowell, John, Jr.,* 20(la, 2h, 2c.
grist-mill, 1 saw-mill, 1 still.
McKibbon, Joseph, 200a, 2h, 2c.
Brown, Thomas, 250a, 2h, 2c, 1 negro.
McBride, Archibald, 100a, 2h, le.
Brown, Joseph,* 30a, 2h, 2c.
McBride, James,* 200a, 2h, 2c.
Boyd, William, Ih, Ic.
McClelland, Hugh,* 200a, 2h, 2c, 1
negro.
Boyd, John, 2h, 2c.
McNamar, Morris,* 50a, lb, Ic.
Baird, William, 100a, Ic.
McKean, Roberts, 300a, 3h, 2c.
Beach, Frederick* (Beght), Ic.
McKinney, William, lb.
Burns, Anthony, Ih, Ic.
McClure, James, 150a, 2h, 2c.
Campbell, Robert, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Mitchel, Robert, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Campbell, John,* 200a, 2h, 2c, 1 still.
Mitchel, Samuel, 50a, 2h, Ic.
Cameron, Duncan, 100a, Ih, Ic.
Mitchel, David, 200a, 2h, 2c.
Cameron, Alexander, 100a.
Mitchel, William, 200a, 2h, 2c.
Carruthers, John, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Millikeu, David, lb, Ic.
Cochran, Alexander, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Milliken, Samuel, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Cooper, John, 200a, 2h, 2c.
Milliken, Samuel, 50a.
Criswell, Elijah, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Murphy, John, 130a, 2h, 2c.
Criswell, Benjamin, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Mettleraan, John, lb, Ic.
Criswell, Elisha, 150a, lb, Ic.
Millroy, Henry, 150a, 2h, 2c.
Clayton, Mary,* 200a, lb, Ic.
Martin, Hugh, 150a, 2h, 2c.
Cowgill, Joseph, 2c.
Martin, William, lb, Ic.
Culbertson, John, 400a, 2h, 2c, 1 negro.
Martin, Alexander, lb, Ic.
Clayton, Widow, 200a.
Minteer, James, 20a, Ih, Ic.
Davis, Samuel, 100a, Ih.
Moore, David, 2h, 2c.
Davis, John, 500a, 2h, 2c.
Nealy, David, 250a, 2h, 2c.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
553
Nelson, Robert * 50a, Ih, Ic.
O'Haira, Henry, Ic.
Power, Samuel, 100a, 2h, 3c.
Riibal, Mathias, 100a, 2b, 2c.
Reed, Jobu,* 300a, Ih, 2o.
Reed, James,* 50a, 2h, 2c.
Reed, James, 400a, 2h, 2c.
Richardson, Edmond, 300a, 2h, 2c, 1 negro.
Scott, Robert, 130a, 2b, 2c.
Scott, James, 350a, 2b, 2c.
Smitb, Peter, 2b, 2c.
Seniple, Francis, 100a, 2b, 2c.
Semple, Samuel,* lb, 1 c.
Seniple, James, Ic.
Semple, John, 150a. lb.
Sankey, William,* 100a, Ih, Ic.
Sackets, Azariah,* 300a, lb, Ic.
Sackets, Joseph,*, 100a, lb, Ic.
Swartzell, Joseph,* 400a, lb, 2c.
Steel, John,* 300a, 2b, Ic.
Steel, Jacob,* lb, Ic.
Steel, Jonas,* Ic.
Steely, Lazarus, 100a, 2b, 2c.
Stuart, William,* 200a, 2b, 2c.
_Thomson, William, 100a, lb, 2c.
Thomson, Moses, 150a, 2h, 2c.
Thomson, Thomas, 50a, Ic.
Taylor, Matthew, 500a, 2h.
Taylor. Henry, 168a, 2b, 2c, 1 grist-mill, 1 saw-mill
Taylor, Esther, 100a, Ih, Ic.
Vance, William,* 200a, 4b, 1 grist-mill.
Wherry, John, 100a, 2h, 2c, J grist-mill, J saw-mill.
Wherry, David, 50a, 2b, 2c.
Williams, James, Ih, 2c.
Wills, Samuel,* 150a, 2h, 2c.
Wilson, John, Sr.,* 200a, 2b, 2c.
Wilson, John,* (mountain) lb, Ic.
Young, William,* 100a, 2b, 2c.
"unseated lands.
Alexander, Jonathan, 100a.
Baswell, Samuel,* 100a.
Blaine, Ephraim,* 300a.
Cox, Charles,* 300a.
Cairey, Barnard, 200a joining James Scott and
Jonathan Alexander.
Collins, Stephen, 400a joining Daniel Williams and
Jonathan Adams.
Drinker, Henry,* 1100a joining James Fleming
and Samuel Milliken, David Stewart and James Glass.
Harris, David,* 300a.
Hanert, Thomas, 300a joining James Scott and
John Alexander.
McClay, Samuel,* 700a joining Elisha Crisswell
and John Davis.
McFarlan, James, 200a.
Mifflin, Thomas, 200a.
Plunket, William,* 200a.
- Assistants.'
Shippen, Joseph, 170a joining James Adams and
Duncan Cameron.
Williams, Daniel, 600a joining Jack's mountain
above Mathias Rubles.
"Robert Boggs, Assessor.
" William Fleming,
"James Scott, j
The Early Settlers and the Indians.
— Among the early settlers in the northern
part of Armagh township, near the foot of the
Seven Mountains, were the McNitts, viz. :
Alexander, Robert, William, John and James.
They began their permanent settlement in 1766.
The early settlers were often annoyed by the
Indians, who made frequent raids upon them
up to 1777. In order to protect themselves
from tho.se Indian raids, they unitedly built a
stockade on the property of Robert McNitt,
at a spring near which the farm-house owned
by Alexander B. McNitt now stands.
Some time between 1766 and 1776 a cabin
was built, somewhere near the foot of the
mountain, on the John ]\Iontgomery tract, near
what is now known as the McMauigle prop-
erty. The house was roofed with clapboards
and the floor was laid with puncheons ; a few
clapboards had also been laid on the loft, but
that was not entirely covered. Three men
were at work in this house, one of whom
(James Hately) was simple-minded. While
these three men were at work one of them saw
some Indians (about a dozen) approaching the
house. The men went quickly to the loft and lay
down on the clapboards, and remained very quiet.
The Indians came in and made a fire on the
puncheons in the middle of the house. After
the fire had burned some time they began to roast
venison by placing it on the ends of sticks and
holding it to the fire. Soon the man Hately
became restless, and, against the etforts of the
other two to keep him quiet, he moved forwaixi
noiselessly, in order to see what the Indians
were doing. He ventured too close to the edge,
and the result was, the clapboards tilted and all
three fell down among the Indians. The men
were badly frightened and so were the Indians,
who left the house in confused haste, leaving
their venisou on the sticks. The Indians did
not return.
About 1775 the Indians made frequent raids
554
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
into the thinly settled parts of what is now
Mifflin County. At the big spring now the
head-waters of Honey Creek, in Armagh town-
siiip, there lived the family of James Alexander,
and about a half-mile southeast of Alexander's
there lived the family of Edward Bates. In
or about 1775 a company of five Indians and
one white man (a Frenchman from Canada)
concealed themselves several days in the cave
at the Honey Creek spring, with a view of
capturing James Alexander and John Bates, a
son of Edwai'd. But, with all their watching
closely, they never caught either of them out
without arms. They began to fear that their
place of hiding might be discovered ; so they left
tlie cave, and were first discovered in the corn-
field of Edward Bates. It was harvest-time,
and Miss Jennie Bates had gone to the field to
gather beans for dinner. While busily engaged
at her task she saw the shadow of an Indian
who had approached without having been per-
ceived. She screamed with fright and ran toward
the house; the Indian did not follow her. The
harvest hands heard the screams and immedi-
ately came to the house to learn the case of the
alarm. When they heard that Indians were about,
they immediately armed themselves and followed
after them with their dogs. The men went as
far as the flat of Jack's Mountain, but they did
not apprehend the savages. Nothing more
was heard of them until the next morning, when
they captured George Sigler, Jr.
The circumstances of Sigler's capture, as far
as can be ascertained, are tliese : George Sigler,
Sr., heard that Indians were in the east end of
Kishacoquillas Valley, and said he would go
over to Bell's and inquire whether he had heard
the report; and if Bell would go with him, they
would cross the mountain into Kishacoquillas
Valley and there ascertain the truthfulness of
the report. Bell lived near to where Henry
Hassinger now lives, being about a half-mile
from George Sigler's. George Sigler, Jr.,' said to
his father that he (George Jr.,) was younger tlian
he, and that he would go to Bell's instead of his
1 George Sigler, Jr., was born in the State of New Jersey
on the 17th day of February, 1762. At what 1*^}.e the fam-
ily moved to Pennsylvania is unknown ; he was thirteen
years old when he was captui'ed.
father. He went, and when he was about half-
way, and near a small sj)ring (near the north side
of the present public road), the Indians sprang
out of the bushes and intercepted him. He be-
ing swift of foot, ran toward home ; the Indians
pursued him and hurled tomahawks at him
several times, until, about half-way home, he was
struck across the neck and slioulders with a war
club, which felled him to the ground, and be-
fore he could regain his feet the Indians laid
hold of him ; they pointed with their hands to-
ward the mountain. He was unarmed and had
neither coat nor shoes and was compelled to go
with his captors.
There were five Indians and one white man
(a Frenchman) in the party. When they reached
the mountain they gave him a pair of moccasins
to put on and then crossed Jack's Mountain into
the east end of Kishacoquillas Valley. When
they arrived at the north side of the mountain
they were joined by another party of five In-
dians and one white man. This second party
had a white girl with them. (This second par-
ty had made an attack on Matliias Ruble's house,
Avhich will be noticed hereafter.) They contin-
ued their course northward, and afler leaving
Kishacoquillas Valley they were joined by more
Indians. On the first night after being cap-
tured Sigler M'as tied so tightly around the
wrists that he moaned with pain. The Indians
would come to him where he was lying and
strike tomahawks into the ground beside his
head. The Frenchman told them to slacken
the thongs A\ith which they had him tied, that
they were too tight and were the cause of his
moaning. They slackened the ropes, which gave
relief.
Sigler said their food was generally venison,
pole-cat and sometimes horse-flesh. He was
compelled to carry two flat-irons in a bag all the
way. All the Indians left camp one day ex-
cept two, who were sleeping soundly. He said
if he had known that the gun in their posses-
sion would not shoot he would have brained
both of the sleeping Indians with the flat-irons.
After they began to near the Canadian line they
often left him entirely alone in camp during a
whole day. But, mistrusting them, he sallied
out of camp one day and discovered an Indian
r^
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
555
watching him. He then gave up all hope of
making his escape from them. On arriving in
Canada he was painted black and compelled to
run tlie gauntlet, and in the course of his race
he knocked down some of the young Indians
antl thus he succeeded in getting through with
but few bruises or scars. He was an odd pris-
oner,— that is, he was one more than the chief
\vas allowed to have, — but the havoc he made
among the young Indians while running the
gauntlet so pleased another chief that he ex-
changed a white girl for him. After the treaty
of peace the prisoners were sent home. Young
Sigler, in company with another young man
whose father had been murdered by the Indians,
resolved to be avenged ; on their way home,
at some lAace on the Susquehanna River, they
found an old chief who was very drunk and
split his hesid open with an axe they found there.
Sigler and his companion came down the Sus-
quehanna River until they reached Northum-
berland ; there Sigler met one of his father's
neighbors (Caleb Parschal). Parschal had gone
to Northumberland for a load of salt and gro-
ceries. Here Sigler partetl with his companion
and came liome with Parschal. They arrived
at home after night. He (Parschal) M'ent with
Sigler to his home and left him outside of the
house until he could prepare Sigler's mother for
the meeting. This was about ten o'clock at
night. Parschal went into the house and asked
her if she had heard from George. She said
she heard that he was somewhere along the
Susquehanna River. She said if she thought
the report was true she would leave her sick
child that night and go down to the big river
and try to iind him. Mr. Parschal then said
he had just come from Northumberland and
had seen George there and was certain he would
be home soon, perhaps that night. He then
went to the door and called George in. After
being with his mother sometime his four broth-
ers were waked up. They all gathered into
the back kitchen and remained there during
the remainder of the night. George Sigler was
in captivity one year and one day, and was re-
leased July 14, 1776.
George Sigler was married to Elizabeth
Bun, of Hunterdon County, N. J., in 1791.
They had five children, — two sons and throe
daughters. He died August 3, 1821, aged fif-
ty-nine years, five months and fourteen days.
He built a stone house on his property and from
the thickness of the avails it would appear that
he still feared an attack from the Indians. This
house is still in a good condition and is situated
in Decatur township, a siiort distance south of
the old stage-road.
Mathias Ruble moved into what was then
the exti'eme east end of Kishacoquillas Valley
prior to 1773, as is shown by a beech-tree still
standing on the jiroperty he owned. He cut his
name on the bark of that beech in 1773 and it
can still be easily seen. In the summer of 1775,
on the same day the Indians captured young
George Sigler, five Indians and one white man
(a Canadian Frenchman) made an attack on
Mathias Ruble's house. They approached the
house on the east side. Ruble had several cross
dogs ^\hich gave the alarm. The children were
quickly gathered into the house, and the
smallest took the babe and crept under the bed.
Peter, one of the older boys, crept out of a win-
dow at the west side of the house, so as not to
be seen by the Indians, and ran to the hemp
patch, which was some distance west of the
house, where his mother was pulling hemp. He
told her of the Indians' attack. She cried out
in alarm that they would kill her babe and
then fainted. Peter covered her with an armful
of hemp and then ran to notify the inhabitants
of the neighborhood, who were few at that time.
During this time Mathias Ruble kept up a
great noise and commotion in the house, making
it appear as if there were a dozen or more per-
sons there. They had only one gun that would
shoot, and several gun-barrels, which he and his
son John stuck through the loophok's. The
Indians concealed themselves behind the large
rocks which still remain there. In this way
Mathias and his son kept the Indians from
approaching any nearer to the house. The dogs
also did good service during this time. The
Indians were kept busily engaged watching
them so as not to be Bitten, and they were
afraid to shoot them, lest, while their guns were
empty, the men in the house might attack them.
Peter Ruble, after leaving the hemp patch, went
556
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEIS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
to Robert Glass', then to Kishlei-'s, John
Bates' and Stephen Beatty's. Beatty, Bates
Kisler and Glass armed themselves and went
together to relieve (if possible) the family. They
went along the foot of Jack's IMountain so they
could have a view of the valley, knowing if
the family had been murdered the house would
be on fire. When they came within sight they
saw the house undisturbed, and were satisfied
that the family was safe. John Bates and Rob-
ert Glass came to Ruble's first and learned that
the Indians had gone ; and Mrs. Ruble was
brought home from the hemp patch nothing the
worse for her fright and fainting. The Indians
went back eastward perhaps one-fourth of a
mile, where they met the Indians who captured
George Sigler, and from there the two Indian
parties traveled together. John Beatty and
Robert Glass followed the trail of the Indians
to near the top of what is now called Beatty's
Knob. The trail was easily followed, because
of the abundance of pea-vines growing in the
woods at that time. Bates and Glass thought
this was the trail of white men who were in
pursuit of the Indians till they came near the
top of the Knob. They there in some way dis-
ci vered that it was the trail of the Indians and
that their number had increased ; they went home
and each prepared to meet another raid, but the
Indians never returned to that neighboi'hood.
The original settlers of the McNitt family
were Alexander, Robert, William, John and
James. Alexander McNitt was the father of
young Robert, who was taken by the Indians.
He was taken ou the old Robert Thompson
farm (surveyed August 5, 1768, in pursuance
of an order. No. 5114, dated July 19, 1760,
granted to Robert McKee). Young Robert
McNitt and a small girl were out iu the rye-
field following after the reapers and picking
berries along the fence. The first notice the
reapers had of the approach of Indians was
when they were fired upon. One of the bullets
passed through Alexander McNitt's hat. They
all ran in confused haste toward the house.
Young Robert followed the party, crying and
calling to his father to wait for himl One of
the Indians caught the boy, and he was taken
to Canada. He was eight years old at that
time. The little girl hid in the rye and was
not discovered by the Indians. A small girl by
the name of Lee was taken by the same party
of Indians from some other locality. Young
McNitt and this girl were captives four years in
Canada, and were both adopted into the same
Indian family. The girl's father heard that
his daughter was somewhere in Canada, went in
search of her, and found her as had been repre-
sented to him. He also found young McNitt
at the same place. His daughter had become
attached to IMcNitt and entreated her father to
take him along also. He did so, and brought
him to some place in York State (at or near
Rochester), and then advertised that he had a
captive boy who called himself Nitt. Alexan-
der McNitt, the father of the boy, heard of this
notice, and he immediately started on horse-
back to the place where the boy was. He ar-
rived there after night after his son had gone to
bed. The next morning the son was up before
his father, and when he saw the horse he knew
him, but did not know his father when he saw
him. His father brought him home seated on
the horse behind him/ He was captive four
years, and was brought home in 1781. During
his captivity he had become expert with the bow
and arrow, and would amuse himself by shoot-
ing the chickens and ducks, etc. He finally
grew into manhood and married his own cousin,
Jane Taylor, a daughter of Henry Taylor, who
was one of the first settlers of the west end of
Kishacoquillas Valley. This marriage took
place on Christmas day, and McNitt was killed
in the following May by the falling of a tree
on his own farm. He had but one child, who
became the first wife of Robert Milliken. His
widow married Crawford Kyle.
East Kishacoquillas Chfrch. — The first
settlers of Kishacoquillas Valley were Scotch-
Irish, and belonged to the Presbyterian Church.
They were of the better order of peasantry, and
brought with them the characteristics of their
native land. What the date of the organi-
zation of this church was we have no knowl-
edge. There is reason to believe that there
never was any formal organization, as is now
the custom under the direction of the Presby-
tery. It was natural that the Presbyterians
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
557
among the earlier settlers, who were as sheep
without a shepherd in the wilderness, should
voluntarily biud themselves together without
any formal organization. These men would
call the people together for prayer and praise,
and when ministers and missionaries found con-
gregations begun in this way, they preached to
them and administered the ordinances of Di-
vine grace. At what precise time that building
called the meeting-house was erected it is im-
possible to tell ; nor are any of the oldest sur-
viving residents of the neighborhood able to
give any very satisfactory account of it. It was
situated a little west of where the stone church
stood. It was probably erected by each mem-
ber of the congregation agreeing to furnish a
certain number of logs of a certain length, and
to deposit them at the designated place. It was
a rough log building, one story high, without
any plastering, without any floor and without
any fire-place or provision made for heating the
house. It had windows on each side of the
door, on the opposite side and perhaps at each
end ; but the lights were small and few in num-
ber. The entrance-doors faced toward the
present ruins of the old school-house, and were
made of pWin boards. The seats were slab
benches, made perhaps of split logs, with holes
boi'ed in them, into which were fitted round
pieces of wood for legs, and without any back
support for those who might sit upon them.
The pulpit consisted, probably, of a simple stand
or table. In the coldest season of the year the
minister had to preach, and the people came to
hear with their overcoats buttoned up to their
chins ; and seldom was the sermon less than an
hour and a half in length, and often much
longer. .Judge Kyle stated that at one time in
particular, whilst a boy, he came a direct course
across the fields and through the forest to attend
the services in the old log meeting-house. He
wore snow-shoes, because the snow was so deep
as to cover the tops of the fences. Not a spark
of fire was in the church, yet the pastor stood
up manfully to his work, with surtout buttoned
up to his chin, preaching to a full house, and
there was not a shiver or a shake among the
entire congregation, although the mercury was
near zero at the time. Rude and uncomfortable
as that old meeting-house was, it was yet a
sacred spot to many a person long since de-
parted. What the names were of a number of
that old congregation may be learned from the
call given to Rev. James Johnston to become their
pastor, dated March 1-5, 1783. This call is in
the handwriting of Master Arnold, a teacher
whom some gray-headed men still remember as
a I'enownei penman. It is as follows :
" Mr. James Johnston, /ireacAer of ike Gospel:
"Sir: We, the subscribers, members of the United
Congregation of Ea.st and West Kishacoquillas, hav-
ing never in this place liad the stated adniinistratiou
of the Gospel ordinances, yet highly prizing thesanie,
and having a view to the advancement of the King-
dom of Christ, and the Spiritual Edification of our-
selves and families, have set ourselves to obtain that
blessing among us, and therefore, as we have had the
opportunity of some of your labors in this place, and
are satisfied with your Soundness, Piety and minis-
terial ability to break unto us the bread of life, we do
most heartily and sincerely, in the name of the Great
Shepherd of the Flock, Jesus Christ, call and invite
you to come and take the Pastoral Charge and over-
sight of us in the Lord. And for your encouragement
we do promise, if God shall dispose your heart to em-
brace this call, that we will give a dutiful attention to
the word and ordinances of God, by you administered ;
that we will be subject to your Admonitions and re-
proofs, should our falls and miscarriages expose us
thereto, and will submit to the discipline of the
Church, exercised by you, agreeably to the Word ot
God ; and also, that we will treat Persons with Friend-
ship and Respect, and behave in all things towards
you as becomes Christians always should towards
their Pastor, who labours among them in word and
Doctrine. And farther, as we are persuaded that those
who serve at the Alter should live by the Alter, we do
promise, in order that you may be, as much as possi-
ble, free from wordly incumbrances, to provide for
your comfortable and honorable maintainance in the
manner set forth in our Subscription Papers accom-
panying this, our Call, during your continuance with
us as our Regular Pastor. And in witness of our
hearty desire to have you settle among us, we have
hereunto set our Names this Fifteenth day of March,
Anno Domini 1783, —
' W" Brown.
James Scott.
John Cooper.
William Corbet.
John M'JIanagill.
Samuel Mitchel.
Hugh Martain.
Mathew Taylor.
Joseph Adams.
John M-'Nitt.
William Wilson.
Robert M'Xitt.
Thomas Thompson.
Joseph M'Kibbins.
James Laughlin.
Robert Allison.
James M'Cay.
William Fleminsr.
558
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
William M'Alevy.
W" Harper.
Ja' Alexander.
James Reed.
James Glass.
Thomas Brown.
Alex M'Nitt.
Elijah Crisswell.
John Fleming.
Alex Brown, Jr.
Edm'' Richardson.
William Miller.
Rob' Barnhill.
W" Young.
James S. M=Clure.
Thomas Arthurs.
Tho" Alexander.
Samuel Alexander.
Samuel Wills.
W° M»Nitt.
Philip Clover.
David Kelley.
Arthur Buchanan.
Joseph Brown.
John Means.
James Means.
Mathew Kenny.
Robert Gardner.
James Reed, Ju".
Robert M°Clelan.
William Miller, Jun.
Joseph Wesley.
W" Mitchell.
James Burns.
John McDowell.
Robert Campbell.
Samuel Miliken.
David Barr.
Neal M'Manigal.
Benj. Hall.
Benjamin Creswell.
Henry Taylor.
Elisha Cresswell.
Thomas Sankey.
William Thompson.
John Culbertson.
Abraham Sanford.
John Kyle.
Sam' Hower.
Joseph Haslet.
John Reed."
The Rev. James Johnston accepted the call,
and Continued to serve the congregation accept-
ably as their pastor during the remainder of his
active life, which was thirty-seven years, or up
to 1820.
In the mean time, in 1807, a subscription was
taken for the purpose of erecting a new meeting-
house. The log church had grown old and diiaji-
idated, and was not su fficiently large for the wants
of the growing congregation. The stone church
was built in 1808, a short distance east of where
the old log church stood. There was an aisle ex-
tending across the width of the building, and
from tiiis, at right angles, were two other
aisles leading to the front of the building; the
former communicated at each side with a door,
and the latter with doors in front. The pul-
pit was goblet -shaped, high up the wall,
and stood at tlie middle of the east aide of the
house. The pews, sixty-odd in number, were
arranged on either side and in front along the
aisles. The backs of the pews were so high as
to hide from view entirely the persons who sat
in the next pew in front. A gallery extended
around three sides of the building. There were
double rows of windows ; the one row opening
from the main floor and the other from the gal-
lery. A desk was in front of the pulpit, at
which the clerk stood who led the congregation
in their psalms of praise. This church was used
by the congregation as a place of worship until
1857, when it was taken down. The present
brick church was completed and dedicated to
the woi-ship of Almighty God June 18, 1858.
The Rev. G. W. Thompson, of Lower Tuscarora,
preached the dedicatory sermon, and the Rev.
George Elliott led the congregation in the ded-
icatory prayer. The elders at the time were
Joseph Kyle, Henry Taylor and William Barr.
Additional elders were elected about that time,
Robert Milliken having died and Thomas Reed
removed to the Little Valley, — viz., Crawford
Kyle, Henry L. Close, Charles Naginey and, in
1870, John D. Barr, James R. Beatty and Fran-
cis A. Means. The names of the pastors who
served this congregation are eight in number,
viz. :
Rev. James Johnston, from 1783 to 1820; Rev.
Samuel Hill, from 1820 to 1825; Rev. James H.Stew-
art, from 1827 to 1829 ; Rev. James Nourse, from 1830
to 1834; Rev. Joshua Moore, from 1835 to 1854; Rev.
Nathan Shotwell, from 1854 to 1857 ; Rev. George
Elliott, from 1858 to 1868 ; Rev. Andrew H. Parker,
from 1869 to the present time.
In the old grave-yard lie the bodies of three
of the pastors of this congregation, viz., James
Johnston, Jas. H. Stewart and Joshua Moore.
They are lying side by side.'
Trinity Episcopal Church. — E. E. Locke
and family moved from Philadelphia March,
1837, and were the first Episcopal family ever
known to reside in the east end of the Kishaco-
quillas Valley. They connected themselves with
the Saint Mark's Church, in Lewistown, under
Rev. William White Brouson. In the year
1845 the first Episcopal services were held in
the vicinity of Locke's Mills, atBeatty's school-
house. Bishop Potter visited and held services
at that place in September of that year. In the
fell of 1847 Trinity Church, at Locke's Mills,
was commenced, and the following year it was
consecrated by the Rev. Bishop Potter (on the
28th day of October, 1848). The building is a
' Compiled from sermon by Eev. A. H. Parker, pastor ;
preached on the one hundredth anniversary of its organ-
ization.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
559
neat one-story frame building, thirty-five by
forty feet, and the cost of erection was nine
hundred dollars. Rev. Mr. Hiester held
services, one in four weeks, until the spring of
1849. la 1850 the Rev. Wm. F. Bryant be-
came the pastor until February, 1853. The
Rev. Mr. Kennedy then officiated for nine
months. The Rev. Theodore Hutchinson then
officiated for nine months. This charge was
then connected with the Saint Mark's Church, at
Lewistown. The Rev. Wm. V. Bowers became
rector of the Saint Mark's Church and Trinity
Churcli, at Locke's Mills, on the 24th day of
May, 1855, and continued his ministration until
the close of May, 1859. The Rev. Faber
Byllsby took charge in the summer of 1859 and
continued to officiate for one year. The Rev.
John Leitliead then officiated in Trinity Church
in connection with Saint Mark's Church, in
Lewistown, from some time in 1860 up to 1863,
at which time Episcopal services closed at
Trinity.
The Locke's Mills property became involved
and was sold by the sheriff of Mifflin County
to E. C. Humes, William McCallister, Andrew
G. Curtiu and James T. Hale, all of Bellefonte,
by sheriff's deed dated November 19, 1863.
This included the church property. Afterwards
the parties sold and conveyed the same church
profierty to the bishop and standing committee
of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the
Diocese of Pennsylvania, by their deed dated
the 16th day of March, 1865.
On the 18th day of January, A.D. 1868, the
bishop and standing committee of the Pro-
testant Episcopal Church of the Diocese of
Pennsylvania sold the property for eight
hundred and forty dollars to Henry Shadle,
John D. Barr, John D. Naginey, Henry
Taylor, Oliver P. Smith, Robert A. Means
and .John McNitt, trustees of the East Kish-
acoquillas Presbyterian Church, in the county
of Mifflin.
The congregation of which these persons
were trustees opened the house as a place of
worship, and still continue its use, with the
Rev. Andrew H. Parker as its pastor.
Evangelical Church. — The Evangelical
Association built a small church near the upper
cud of the narrow valley known by the name of
New Lancaster Valley. This house wa.s built near
the west line of a tract of laud which wa.s granted
in pursuance of a warrant, to Joseph Fils(jn,
dated February 24, 1838. The lot upon
which the church is built was pm-chased for a
grave-yard, on the 7th day of INIay, 1861, by
Frederick Francis, Jonas \\'ert and Eli K.
Wagner, trustees, etc., and is bounded on the
south by the public road, on the west by land
of Philip Snook, and on the north and east by
residue of tract. The corner-stone of this
church was laid on the 5th day of October, 1872.
The preachers present were the Rev. Simon
Auraud, (preacher in charge of the Evangelical
Association,) the Rev. L. C. Edmunds (German
Reformed) and the Rev. S. G. Shannon (Luth-
eran). The church was finished and was dedi-
cated in February, 1874. The mini.sters present
were Rev. D. W. Miller (EvangeUcal) and the
Rev. W. R. Wieaud (Lutheran).
The following is a partial list of the Evan-
gelical ministers who preached in New Lancaster
Valley prior to the building of the church and
since that time. The Evangelical ministers
preached in that valley regularly as far back as
1858, but the list thus for obtained does not ex-
tend back of 1865 :
1835. — Revs. J. Farnsworth and D. W. Miller.
1866. — Revs. J. Farnsworth and S. S. Shortess.
1867. — Revs. J. Kreamer and A. Kreamer.
1868.— Revs. J. Kreamer and H. H. Ream.
1869.— Revs. E. StomboL-h and H. B. Hartzler.
1870. — Revs. E. Stomboch and W. M. Croman.
1871.— Rev. S. Aurand.
1872.— Rev. S. Aurand.
1873.— Rev. D. W. Miller.
1874.— Rev. D. W. Miller.
1875.— Revs. S. Yerrick and L. Dice.
1876. — Revs. A. Krause and B. F. Anthony.
1877.— Revs. J. M. Price and J. Shamboch.
1878.— Revs. J. M. Price and J. Shamboch.
1879.— Revs. N. Young and E. P. Leonard.
1880.— Revs. N. Young and E. P. Leonard.
1881.— Revs. N. Young and M. F. Fosselman.
1882.— Revs. W. H. Stover and E. D. Keen.
1883.— Revs. W. H. Stover and J. D. Shortess.
1884.— Revs. S. Smith and J. D. Shortess.
1885.— Revs. S. Smith and C. AV. Leonard.
Since 1 875 these ministers have also preached
at liocke's Mills school-house and at the school-
house in Havice Vallev.
560
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
PERRYVILLE AND MILEOY.
Perryville is the name that was first given
to a part of tiie village now called Milroy. That
part of the village east of the Laurel Run was
called Perryville, while that part west of the
Laurel Run and up along the turnpike road
was known by other names. The Valley Post-
Office was established here in 1828, and was
kept by a William Thompson, who resided on
the turnpike, some distance above the village.
The name of Perrj-ville was given to the place
by a man called Perry, who lived there at an
early day. The first house in the place was
built of logs, and is still standing. It was built
by John Fertig about the same time he built
the mill. This house is built with a basement,
in \vhich John Fertig had his distillery, and is
located immediately north of the mill, between
the creek and head-race.
The village kept the name of Perryville until
1850, when the citizens had it changed to Mil-
roy ; at the same time the boundary was enlarged,
by which the buildings west of Laurel Run and
those up along the pike were taken in. Some
years prior to that time the Valley Post-Office
was removed from William Thompson's and
brought down to the village, and in 1850 its
name was changed from " Valley " to INIilroy.
This village progressed very slowly until the
railroad was completed to that place, which gave
it some additional life. In 1880 Milroy had
five hundred and thirty-four inhabitants.
In 1835 the persons here mentioned were
doing business in Perryville : George Foust,
shoemaker ; James Johnson, merchant ; Wil-
liam McKinney, tailor ; John Sterrett, merchant;
John Thompson, tailor.
In 1840, Samuel Thompson was operating a
tan-yard and in 1847, F. M. Shipton was keep-
ing a hardware-store.
The present mill of Josiah Showalter is known
as the Old Fertig Mill. The land on which it
and the town of Milroy are built was granted
to Henry Milroy on an order granted August
1, 1766. After his death the administrators, in
November, 1 792, sold itto John Yoder, who, two
years latei-, sold twelve acres to Jacob Miller,
who erected a log grist-mill, which was fitted
with two pairs of burrs, and, after several years.
sold it to John Fertig, who tore down the log
mill and built of limestone a large mill, forty
by fifty feet, three stories in height. He con-
tinued the biisiness at the place until July 27,
1824, when he sold it to Henry Hall, his son-
in-law, who, June 1, 1831, sold the property to
Thomas and William Reed. On the 27th of
January, 1831, it was destroyed by fire, soon
after rebuilt and operated by them until March
27, 1851, when they sold it to William A.
McMauigle and Dr. Samuel Maclay. The lat-
ter sold his interest to Mr. McManigle in April,
1864, who sold a half-interest to George G.
Couch in March, 1867. Couch, in September,
1871, sold his interest to John and Joseph
Strunk, whose rights were sold by the sheriff,
in November, 1873, to Felia McClintock, who,
April 15, 1875, purchased the other'half-inter-
est, and on the same date sold the entire property
to Josiah Showalter, the present owner. A
frame extension, twenty-five feet wide and as
high as the main part of the mill, was added
several years ago.
In 1825 John Hawn erected a frame clover-
mill on the east side of the creek, near the pres-
ent Foster & Rutter tannery. It was used as
a huller and cleaner until j)ortable mills were
introduced, in 1843.
A tannery was built many years ago in the
town by James Milroy and a half-brother of
Colonel William Reed. It was conducted later
by William Keever, Joseph Rothrock, Isaac
Hawn, and before 1840 was in possession of
Samuel Thompson, who carried it on until 1849,
when it was abandoned.
In the year 1850 Samuel Foster and George
Rutter, both of Lancaster County, erected a
steam tannery in the town of Milroy. After
operating for several years they leased it to
Morgage for a term of years. In 1863 it
was purchased by Holmes Maclay and Dr.
Samuel Maclay, who abandoned steam-power
and introduced water-power from the creek. In
1865 Samuel Maclay became sole possessor,
and in July, 1870, sold to A. W. Groff and Ner
Thompson. From this time to its close, in 1883,
it passed to several parties, and at that time was
the property of A. W. Groff. It had a capacity
of tanning about two thousand hides per year.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
561
III August, 1884, the building was converted
into a stave-factoiy, with a capacity of nine
thousand two hundred and fifty staves in ten
hours. This business is conducted by Leo F.
Treester.
Tlie Mih-oy Foundry, a one-story frame buikl-
ing, thirty by one hundred feet, was erected by
Joseph Wagner in 1860, who carried on busi-
ness at the place for several years and sold to
Samuel Wormley, who later sold to Hugh Aiken,
who conveyed to his son, John Aiken, who
in turn, sold it to the Domestic Sewing-Ma-
chine Company, by whom it was sold to Samuel
C. Treester.
jMarion Furnace. — The Marion Furnace,
located in Upper Milroy, was built in 1828
by William Reed, James Thompson, Foster
Milliken. It was a quarter-furnace at that
time and had a capacity of from twenty -five
to thirty tons per week. It was first oper-
ated with John Patterson as manager ; later by
Neal Duff and James Thompson. It was rent-
ed by J. & J. Milliken for a term of years
(and conducted by William Patton), after which
P)rooks, Thomas & Co., of the Brooklyn Fur-
nace, rented it, and Jesse Thomas became the
manager. Later it became the property of
William & Thomas Reed, by whom, under
James Thompson, it was conducted to its close,
in 1838.
The Presbyterian Church in Milroy.
— The Presbyterian Church in Milroy is a sub-
stantial frame building, forty by sixty feet, and
was built in 1833. A fter the church building
was completed a congregation was organized, the
13th day of August, 1834, by a committee of
the Presbji^ery of Huntingdon. The new
congregation contained the names of one hun-
dred and five members. Three elders were
elected, viz. : Hugh Alexander, John Beatty
and Samuel ]\Iaclay, M.D. A call was made
for the Rev. James Nourse, which he accepted,
and began to preach in the new church in Octo-
ber of tiie same year. He continued to be pas-
tor of this congregation to 1849, when he re-
signed because of failing health. He was suc-
ceeded by the Rev. Samuel Lawrence, who
continued to be their pastor until 1857, when
lie resigned. The Rev. John W. White accept-
so
ed a call in May, 1858, and continued as pastor
until September, 1883, at which time he with-
drew from the Presbyterian Church. Since that
time the Rev. Dr. R. M. Wallace has been
their stated supply. The following is a list of
the names of the elders elected in this church
since it was organized :
January 3, 1836, Robert M. Thompson, John
Beatt}', Jr., and William B. Maclay.
March 20, 1843, Jacob Kipp and Harvey McCIen-
ahen.
December 20, 1852, William A. McManigle,
George W. Crissman and David Bates.
June 12, 1865, John M. Bell, James C. McNitt,
Samuel T. Thompson, John Longwell and Ira Thomp-
son.
February 26, 1870, William C. McClenahan and
James Aitken.
The Free Church. — The Rev. J. W.
White was pastor of the Presbyterian Church
of Milroy from May, 1858, until September,
1883, about twenty-five and a half years.
In later years his views materially changed
and were not in accord with the doctrines
of the church of which he was a member.
This fact, in the course of time came to the
knowledge of thePresbytery, and the following
action was talien : "At a meeting of the Presby-
tery, of Huntingdon, held in Lewistown, Sep-
tember 4, 5 and 6, 1883, the brethren of
the Presbytery inquired into and passed upon
his views, reaching the conclusion that his doc-
trines, especially on the atonement and the resur-
rection of the dead, are not the doctrines of the
Presbyterian Church, and shoidd not be preached
within its bounds." What these doctrines are
may be gathered from ^Ir. AMiite's statement
made to the Presbytery, from wliich we take the
following definition of the atonement :
"The atonement is the work of our Lord Jesus
Christ, by which God and man are made at one, not by
any change in the unchangeable nature of God and Hi.<
law, but by a change in man's state and nature, by
which he is brought into harmony with the Divine
goodness and righteousness."
From the same statement we take the follow-
ing expression of views on the resurrection :
" 1st. Man's spiritual nature has substance and
form, and is an entire man. 2d. In this world the
spirit — the man — is enswathed in material substance
562
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
which makes the material body. 3d. At death man
rises out of the enswathment, and appears in the
form of man in the eternal world."
When it was decided that Mr. White could
not preach the gospel as he understood it in
the Presbyterian Church, he asked and obtained
leave to withdraw from the ministry of that
church, whereupon tlie Presbytery passed
unanimously the following resolution :
" In complying with this request, the Presbytery
desire to place on record their high appreciation of
the Christian character of the Eev. J. W. White, and
their entire confidence in his personal piety."
In his closing remarks to the Presbytery,
Mr. White said, " Corae what will, looking to
the Lord Jesus Christ for the spirit of conse-
cration, I give myself to Him, and consecrate
what is left of life to proclaiming the Gospel of
ilie Grace of God to all men." After Mr.
White withdrew from the Presbyterian Church
a large portion of his former congregation, and
many other persons, joined in calling him to re-
main and preach the gospel to them. After a
good deal of delay and hesitancy, he finally
accepted this call, whereupon, at a meeting,
held on the 6th day of April, 1884, about one
hundred and forty commuuicants, and many
former supporters and adherents of the Presby-
terian Church, declared themselves free from the
jurisdiction of the Presbytery. These persons,
with members from other churches, and others
uot connected with any church, constituted the
new church, known as the Free Church of Mil-
roy and Siglerville. The number of communi-
cant members, as nearly as can be ascertained,
was at first one hundred and sixty, and the
number of sujjportors and adherents three or
four hundred. In the summer of 1884 a neat
and substantial church building was erected in
Siglerville, and dedicated the 21st of September,
1884, free from debt. The building is frame,
is thirty-two by foi'ty-two, and cost nineteen
hundred dollars. J. J. Peace preached in the
afternoon of the day this church was dedicated,
and Rev. S. Smith preached the discourse in
the morning of the same day. In the summer
of 1885 a large and equally good and substan-
tial church building was erected in Milroy, and
was dedicated on Sunday, the 15th day of No-
vember, 1885, free from debt. Eev. John
Miller, of Princeton, N. J., preached two able
and practical sermons.
This church edifice is frame, built in the form
of a cross, with steep roof, and fi»ur larger gables
and two smaller ones. The audience-room has
three apartments, one in the centre and two
wings. The central room is thirty-two by fifty-
four feet, including the pulpit recess, and the
sitle-rooms are each fourteen by twenty-eight
feet. The vestibule is six by ten feet. The
three apartments are each pewed . The windows
are of beautiful stained glass. The entire cost
of the property, including the lot and furniture
was about three thousand two hundred dollars.
Of this, eight hundred and fifty dollars were
raised on the day of dedication. After Mr.
White decided to I'cmain in Milroy he pur-
chased a piece of land and made improvements
on it, and the congregation joined in moving him
and his family into his new home, April 1, 1885.
" In this way was commenced a movement, the end
of which is uot yet. It is intended to emphasize the
fact that the religion of our Lord Jesus Christ, by
His grace, consists in brotherly love and square
dealing among men. In this incipient work the Rev.
J. C. Wilhelm, who withdrew from the Presbytery of
Huntingdon at the same time, and for substantially
the same reasons, has given valuable support. The
increasing demand among the people of neighboring
communities for preaching on the line of Mr. White's
views seems to indicate that a field white for the
harvest is inviting laborers to enter it."
Methodist Church. — The Methodist mem-
bership was small when they began to have
preaching in the Laurel Run school-house, in
1822. Their number increased slowly until 1825,
when they succeeded in erecting a small church
in Perryville (now Milroy). The building is
twenty-eight by thirty-three and a half feet, and
isalow, one-story house, built of beautiful white-
pine logs, which were hewn on the Cave Hill,
on the property of Bell & Mitchell. The
^lethodists continued to use this church as
their place of worship until 1846. The con-
gregation had increased in number, and they
found it necessary to build a larger and more
convenient house. Consequently, in 1846, they
bought a small lot a short distance west of the
old log church, and on this lot they built a
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
563
large one-story frame builJiug. The Method-
ist congregation still continues to worship in
this building regularly.
After the new church was completed the old
log church was sold to the Rev. James Nourse,
who used it as an Academy. After his death
Mrs. Nourse sold it to the Lutheran congrega-
gation, in the year 1857. They refitted it and
used it as their place of worship until their new
church was completed, in 1872. They then
sold the house and lot to William A. McMan-
igle. It was afterwards sold from McManigle
1)}^ the sheriff of Mittiin County, and Isaac
Underwood became the purchaser. He used it
as a dry-goods store-room. Peter Barefoot
bought the property from Underwood, and it
was again converted into a place of worship for
the Free Church in October, 1883, and they
used it as such until November 15, 1885.
The Lutheeax Church of Milroy. —
The membership of the Salem congregation who
lived in the neighborhood of Milroy became
sufficiently numerous to support a separate
place of preaching. They therefore bought the
old Methodist Church in Milroy, in the year
1857, from Mrs. Nourse, and refitted it for
a place of worship near the close of J. B.
Christ's pastorate. They continued to use this
church as a place of worship until the 25th day
of August, 1872, when the new Lutheran
Church was dedicated.
This church building is located in Milroy, on
the west side of I^aurel Run, and is a t«o-story
frame house, thirty-six by fifty, the one
story being an unfinished basement. The
building was commenced in 1867, and the
corner-stone was laid the 29th day of Septem-
ber, 1867. Rev. J. F. Detterick performed the
.services, and Rev. J. B. Anthony preached the
morning sermon and Rev. J. B. Reimensnyder
preached at night. The work at the building
continued to progress for some time, when the
work suddenly stopped for want of means.
Joseph ^^^agner and Edward Kreichbaum were
the contractors. The building remained closed
until the time Rev. S. G. Shannon took upon
himself the arduous task of having the church
completed and out of debt. He persevered,
and was successful. The buildins; was com-
pleted (except the basement), and was dedicated
on Sunday, August 25, 1872. Rev. P. An-
stadt, of York, Pa., preached the dedicatory
sermon in the morning. His text was taken
from Haggai ii. 9 ; after which Rev. S. G.
Shannon was assisted by Rev. J. M. Steck, of
Jersey Siiore, and Rev. J. M. Rice, of Belleville,
in the liturgical services of setting the house
apart to the worship of the triune God. On
the evening of the same day Rev. J. M. Steck
preached on faith in giVing.
During this day six hundred dollars were
raised toward the payment of the church debt.
During the time that Rev. S. G. Shannon had
the church in his possession he collected and
paid $1334.] 5.
The whole cost of the building was, by first
contract, two thousand four hundred and
fifty dollars, but it cost more than contract price
before it was completed.
Laurel Run Methodist Church. — As
nearly as can now be ascertained, the Method-
ists began to hold meetings in the Laurel Run
school-house, near Milroy, in Armagh township,
in 1822. It was then within the bounds of
Aughwick Circuit. The names of the ministers
who preached at that place and since are as follows :
1822, Thomas McGee, Jacob E. Shepherd and N.
B. Mills ; 1823, Thomas McGee and John Bowen ;
1824, Eobert Minshall and John A.Gear ; 1825, Da%'id
Steele.
182(5-.30, presiding elder unknown. 1826, Joseph
White ; 1827, Joseph White ; 1828, Jonathan Mun-
roe ; 1829, Amos Smith.
1830-33, David Steele presiding elder. 1830, Amos
Smith; 1831, Samuel Ellis and Josiah Forest; 1832,
Henry Taring and Peter McEnally ; 1833, Henry-
Taring and Thomas Larkin.
1834-37, R. E.Pretiyman presiding elder. (Changed
to Lewistowu Circuit in 1834.) 1834, John Bowen;
1835, Joseph S. Lee; 1836, Robert Beers; 1837, Jona-
than Munroe.
1838-40, John Miller presiding elder. 1838, Jona-
than Munroe ; 183SI, Henry G. Dill and Elisha But-
ler; 1840, Jacob Gruber and Elisha Butler; 1841,
Jacob Gruber and Zane Bland (1841, George Hildt
presiding elder.)
1842-45, H. Furlong presiding elder. 1842, Wil-
liam Butler and Samuel Register; 1843, William
Butler and Thompson Mitchell ; 1844, J.G. McKeehen,
Wesley Howe and W. W. Cristine ; 184.5, T. S. Har-
dinsraud Charles Maelay.
564
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
1846-49, John Miller presiding elder. 1846, Wes-
ley Howe and Cambridge Graham; 1847, Wesley
Howe and Franklin Gearhart ; 1848, Thomas Tanny-
hill and Jacob Gruber : 1849, Thomas Tannyhill and
Jacob Gruber.
1850-53, T. H. W. Monroe presiding elder. 1850,
James Ewing and J. H. C. Dosh ; 1851, James Ewing
and Plumer E. Waters ; 1852, William R. Mills and
H. C. Westwood; 1853, William R. Mills and H.
Leber.
1854-57, A. A. Reese presiding elder. (Changed to
Kishacoquillas Circuit in 1854.) 1854, D. C. Wertz
and Samuel P. Lilley ; 1856, J. W. Langley and Sam-
uel P. Lilley; 1856, R. E. Wilson; 1857, R. E.
Wilson.
1858-61, John A. Gere, presiding elder. 1858, B.
P. King ; 1859, B. P. King ; 1860, A. A. Eskridge ;
1861, John Anderson.
1862-64, George D. Chenoweth presiding elder.
1862, William Gynn; 1863, William Gynn; 1864, J.
F. Brown and J. A. McKindless. (Changed to Mil-
roy Circuit in 1864.)
1865-68, Thomas Barnhart presiding elder. 1865,
J. F. Brown ; 1866, D. B. McClosky ; 1867, D. B. Mc-
Closky; 1868, Josiah Forest. His health failed and
the year was filled out by J. Foster Bell, as supply.
1869-72, B. B. Hamlin presiding elder. 1869, J. R.
King; 1870, J. R. King; 1871, J. W. Ely ; 1872, J.
W. Ely.
1873-76, Milton K. Foster presiding elder. 1873,
J. P. Long ; 1874, J. P. Long ; 1875, Luther F. Smith
(Reedville church built) ; 1876, Luther F. Smith.
1877-80, Thompson Mitchell presiding elder. 1877,
W. A. McKee ; 1878, J. M. Johnston ; 1879, J. M.
Johnston ; 1880, James Bell.
1881-84, Richard Hinkle presiding elder. 1881, J.
Gulden ; 1882, J. Gulden ; 1883, J. R. King ; 1884,
J. R. King.
1885, Jacob S. McMurry presiding elder. 1885,
Samuel Meminger.
Lodge No. 213, I. O. O. F.— This lodge
was instituted April 29, 1875, with the following
officers : William Kays, N. G. ; Abram Harsh-
barger, V. G. ; J. R. Sample, Sec. ; John Camp,
Treas. Meeting.s are held in the second story
of Dr. Harsiibarger'.s drug store.
SIGLERVILLE.
The first building in Upper Siglerville was a
blacksmith-shop, built by Joseph Sigler in 1847.
During the next year, 1848, he built the first
dwelling-house in that place.
Upper Siglerville now coiitaius fourteen
dwelling-houses, two churches, two dry-goods
stores, one double briciv school-house and one
blacksmith-shop, and contains sixty-three in-
habitants.
Lower Siglerville is built upon what was the
William McDowell property. It contains six-
teen houses, one church and one blacksmith-
shop, and contains seventy-four inhabitants.
(The account of the Free Church, erected in
1883, will be found in the sketch of Milroy.)
The Presbyterian Congregation of Mil-
roy erected a brick church building, thirty-five
by fifty-two feet, in Lower Siglerville, in the
year 1848, atacostof one thousand five hundred
dollars. The Rev. John AV. White, pastor.
It has been under the cai'e of the Presbyterian
Church of Milroy from that time.
The Free Christian Church in Sigler-
ville is a very neat frame building, tliirty-two
by forty-two feet, with a pulpit recess at the rear
end and a vestibule at the front. Thad. A.
Crissman was the contractor and builder. The
house cost nineteen hundred dollars.
Lutheran Church. — At an early day the
Lutherans and German Reformed united because
their number was small and their means limited.
The first preacher (of whom we have any account)
who preached for them was F. P. Ferdinand
Kramer, V.D.M., a German Reformed minister,
who was very highly educated, as may be seen
from some of his books, which are still in exist-
ence. One of them, the writings of " Francisci
Buddei," published in " Lipsiae " in 1783, is in
the possession of John Swartzell, and is written
in German Latin. The Rev. F, P. F. Kramer
preached in the grove and in various houses, to
suit the convenience of the people, because tliey
had no church building at that time. When he
began to preach in that neighborhood and when
he quit is not known, but it is certain that he
was there in 1819, and remained some years
afterward. He preached in German. When
he left, the congregation was supplied by Rev.
Nicolas Stroh, who preached for them once in
foiu- weeks. He was a German Reformed, and
was the regular preacher for the congregation
in Lewistown. The time Rev. Stroh preached
for this congregation cannot be given. His
usual place of preaching was Alexander's school-
house, and in summer, when the weather was
pleasant, he preached in the grove near the
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
565
sc'hool-hoiise. He also preached exclusively in
German. When he left, the congregation was
supplied by Rev. J. Ruthrauff, who preached in
German once in four weeks. His place of
preaching was Alexander's school-house. After
he left, the Rev. Muck, from Union County,
preached for them. He was German Reformed
and preached in German once in four weeks,
His place of preaching was the house of Jacob
Ruble, located in the extreme eastern end of the
settlement at that time. After he left they were
served by Rev. Jacob Bossier, from Union
County. He was German Reformed, and
preached in German once in four weeks. His
place of preaching was Alexander's school-house,
and in the grove near the school-house in sum-
mer. He remained about two years, and during
that time instructed a large class of catechumens,
who were taken into the church on the last
Sabbath of his stay with them. The majority
of the class were- ladies, who, according to the
custom of the church then, were dressed in
white and wore white caps.
Rev. Charles ^^'eyl, the Luthei-an preacher
from Lewistown, assisted Rev. Bossier on the
day of his last services, in 1832 About this
time some of the members began to talk about
the necessity of having a church in which to
have preaching. After various plans had been
proposed, they finally agreed to build a log
house.
Up to this time there was no church organ-
ization. They elected George Marks and John
Crisman trustees of the Lutheran and Ger-
man Reformed Church in East Kishacoquillas
"N'alley. One acre of land was purchased of
John Wolf, which was laid oft' at the southeast
corner of his farm and for which they obtained
a deed the 2od day of January, 1833. Sub-
scription-papers were circulated. Some sub-
scril^ed logs for the building, others monev.
The logs were delivered on the ground, and on
a fixed day the people of the neighborhood met
and the house was raised a certain height. The
congregation then concluded to raise it three
rounds higher in order to make room for a gal-
lery. In a few days afterward the logs were
brought on the ground and the house was raised
to the desired height under the superintendence
of Adam Ramsey. No gallery was put in at
that time. The building is thirty-one by forty-
one feet and stands nearly southea.st and north-
west. The main entrance is at the south end ;
there was a door at the ea-st side of the hoase,
and from this door an aisle, extending intf) the
middle of the church, where it intersected the
main aisle, Mliich extended from the door at the
south end to the altar. The pulpit was at
the middle of the north end of the building.
This church was consecrated in October, 1833.
The ministers present at the time were S. S.
Schmucker, D.D., professor of the Lutheran
Seminary at Gettysbui-g ; he read the dedicatory
services and called the church Salem. He also
preached the first sermon. Rev. Frederic
RothraufF, of Gettysburg, and Rev. Charles
Weyl (the pastor) were present, and each took
their proper part in the services, which includetl
Saturday, Sunday and IMonday. This church
was used in this condition for some years, when
it was weather-boarded and a short gallery put
in the south end of the building. Reese Davis,
of Milroy, was the contractor and carpenter.
Nothing more was done at the building until
1855, when it was remodeled and greatly im-
proved. The door at the ea.st side was closed,
the positions of the windows changed, the door
at the middle of the south end was closed and
two new doors put in at the south end, so as to
divide the inside by two aisles, which would
divide, the building into four equal parts, so as
to have a set of single pews at each side and a
set of double ones in the middle. These two
aisles extended back to the altar. The old pul-
pit was taken down and one of more modern
style put in its place. It was rededicated May
22, 1855, Rev. J. B. Christ, pastor; and Rev.
Charles M. Kline preached the dedicatory ser-
mon. In this Condition the church was used a.-^
a place of worship until March 10, 1878, when
Rev. S. G. Shannon preached the la.st sermon
in old Salem Church, from Second Corinthians,
thirteenth chapter and eleventh vei*se : " Final-
ly, brethren, farewell."
After the sermon. Rev. Shannon i-equested all
in the house who had lieaixl the fii-st sermon
jireacheil by Rev. S. S. Schmucker to rise ;
some eight or ten stood xip. He then requested
566
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
that all who heard the second dedicatory ser-
mon preached, in 1855, should rise, and abont
sixteen or eighteen rose. It was discovered that
some of those present had heard the three
sermons, including the first and last. The fol-
lowing are the names of the ministers who
preached in this church as pastors of this con-
gregation :
Rev. Charles Weyl (Lutheran) was pastor
from thesummer of 1832 to 1838. Eev. J. H. A.
Bomberger, German Reformed , was pastor from
1838 to 1840. This was the last German Re-
formed. All the following were Lutherans : Rev.
C. Lepley was pastor from 1840 to 1842. Rev.
Mosheim G. Schmucker from October, 1842, to
1845. Rev. Thomas M. Flint from October
14, 1845, to 1847. Rev. A. Height from 1847
to 1849. Rev. G. Sill began April, 1849, to
1854. Rev. J. B. Christ from 1854 to 1857.
During Rev. Christ's time Salem wasrededicated.
Rev. J. N. Burkett was pastor from 1857 to
1859. Rev. J. C. Lunger was pastor from 1859
to 1861. Rev. Lunger died on this charge at
Mechanicsburg. Rev. D. S. Truckeumiller
from 1861 to 1863. Rev. F. A. Fair began in
June, 1864, to 1865. Rev. Fair resigned be-
cause of failing health, and died of consump-
tion soon afterwards. Rev. J. F. Deterich was
pastor from 1866 to 1868. Rev. Philip Shee-
der was pastor from 1869 to 1871. Rev. S. G.
Shannon was pastor from 1871 to 1881.
During the pastorate of Rev. S. G. Shannon
the new Lutheran Church at Siglerville was
built. This is a neat frame building, thirty-six
by sixty feet, with a pulpit recess, and is nine-
teen feet high, exclusive of the basement, which
is built of stone. The door is at the centre of
the north end of the house, and the main aisle
extends along the church to the pulpit, which is
at the south eud. There are likewise two small
aisles, one at each side of the house, along the
wall to nearly opposite the pulpit, to a small
cross-aisle, which is at right angles to the others.
The house is seated with chairs instead of pews.
The windows are all memorial and are filled
with stained glass of various colors. The pulpit
is plain, made of solid walnut and is on an
elevation of three steps high.
The laying of the corner-stone was on No-
vember 4, 1877. The basement story was
dedicated March 24, 1878, and was used as a
place of preaching and prayer-meetings until the
upper jJart was completed. The upper part or
audience-room of the chui'ch was finished and
was dedicated the 13th day of June, 1880.
Professor P. Borne preached the dedicatory
sermon. The church is painted white, and cost
nineteen hundred dollars.
Rev. S. G. Shannon continued as pastor until
the 1st day of April, 1881, at which time he
cleared his pastorate. Rev. Andrew J. Bean
preached a short time after Rev. S. G. Shannon
left, say to June 19, 1881. Rev. D. A. Sterner
began June 26, 1881, and left October 9, 1881.
Rev. C. M. Aurand began in 1882 and left
March 17, 1884. Rev. J. H. Housemau began
in 1884 and is the present pastor. The elders
of the church are as follows :
1843.— Frederick Pecht.
1854. — John R. McDowell, Isaac- Wagner.
1859, June 19.— Frederick Pecht, E. P. Harvey.
1861, September 15. — Frederick Pecht, Frederick
Havice.
1864, February 28. — Frederick Pecht, Frederick
Havice.
1866, May 6.— Frederick Pecht, William Nale.
1870, May 8. — Frederick Pecht, John Havice.
1872, May 26. — Frederick Pecht, John Havice.
1874 June 21. — Frederick Pecht, John Havice.
1876, July 16.— Frederick Pecht, C. P. Ramsey.
1878, June 3. — C. P. Ramsey, John Havice.
After this one-half the number of elders were elect-
ed each year.
1879, March 23.— Philip Fickes.
1880, June 3. — Frederick Havice.
1881.— C. P. Ramsey. March 2d, A. J. Aitkens
filled the unexpired term of Frederick Havice.
1882, March 19.— A. J. Aitkens.
1883, April 8.— Frederick Havice.
1884, April 6.— A. J. Aitkens.
Schools. — The following sketches of early
school-hou.ses have been obtained with much
difficulty, and in some cases it has been impos-
sible to obtain dates.
The first school-house in what is now Armagh
township (as far as known) was built along the
old road leading to Penn's Valley, perhaps
twenty rods north of where the present Thomp-
son factory now stands. This house was built
of round logs and had a clapboard roof, and
was used for school jjarposes until the school-
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
oC7
house was built on Camerou's Hill. James
Hall was teacher in this house in 1806.
There was in early times a school-house
built on the south side of Cameron's Hill, on
the property of Alexander Cameron. It was
built on what was then known as Potter's road
to Centre County, and near the present line of
the property of Alexander and James Brown.
This house was destroyed l>y fire.
After the first school-house on Cameron's
Hill was destroyed by fire, the citizens of the
district united and built another school-house
on Cameron's Hill, locating it on the north
side of the hill, alongside of the Potter's
road. This house was eighteen by twenty-six
feet, was built of round logs, had a slab roof;
the seats were made of slabs with pin-feet.
The first teacher was William Weekes ; others
were Robert Loomis, John Nevin, Benjamin
Snyder, William Morrison (the people called
him " fly-by-night "), George Gibson, Joseph
Alexander, Sturgeon, Margaret Kinsloe,
John Davidson, Alexander Glass, William
Stephen and Martha Cottle (afterwards Mrs.
William Ingrahara); the latter was the last
teacher. When the country became more
thickly settled it became necessary to change the
size of districts for the sake of convenience;
consequently, the school-house on the north side
of Cameron's Hill was abandoned, and a new
house was built a short distance north of Mil-
roy, on the Hawn property, and was always
known as the Laurel Kun school-house. The
first Laurel Run School-house was built of
hewn logs, was eighteen by twenty-five feet,
and had a shingle roof on it. The first teacher
in this house was Samuel Kays ; second,
Dunbar ; third, Timothy Ladd (he was a crip-
ple and could not walk ; the boys hauled him to
and from school on a small wagon ; he was
highly respected by tiie school, and implicitly
obeyed) ; fourth, George Green, Esq. ; and fifth,
Robert Harper. In the course of a few years
this house became too small for the number of
pupils in the district ; a new frame house was
built near the site of the old one, and was
larger and had much more room. It was used
many years as a school-house, and was finally
abandoned.
Beatty's Knob school-house wa.s built in the
year 1840. It was located on the northwest
corner of the property of John Beatty, Sr.,
three fourths of a mile north of (then) Sterrett's
mill, on the east side of the public road leading
to the north side of the valley. This house
was frame, with shingle roof and weather-
boarding put on in the rough. The inside had
long desks along three sides of the house, face
to wall. George F. Ehrenfeld was the first
teacher, and William C. McClenahan the last
one.
The Alexander school-house was built in
1814, on the property of Jonathan Alexander.
The house was about twenty by twenty-five,
built of hewn logs. It was used as a school-
house up to 1835, when, by the free-school law,
the districts were changed, and this house was
abandoned. Prior to this time a school-house
was built of round logs and stood immediately
across the road, on the Reed property. This
house was built according to the means of the
settlers in those days. It had a clapboard roof.
As nearly as can now be ascertained, the teach-
ers in the old house were John Payden, Wil-
liam Hall and Robert Crosthwite. The teach-
ers who taught in the new house were Samuel
Barr, Absalom Tims, Robert Scott, Joseph Al-
exander, Joseph Rankin, William Stephen, Wil-
liam Murphy, William Smith, John Gilleland,
John Andrews, Thomas Wilson, Daniel Jones,
Joseph Vanhorn and George F. Ehrenfeld, who
was the last teacher wlio taught in this school-
house.
One of the first school-houses along the south
side of Armagh township was built in an early
day, and was located on the property of James
Alexander, on the west side of Honey Creek, on
the south side of the public road and about
twenty rods from the creek. Joseph ,\.lexauder
was the first teacher who taught in this house,
George Gibson was the second and William
Stephen was the last. This house was small
and had an uninviting appeai-ance outside.
About sixty-five years ago there was a school-
house near Sterrett's mill, located on the prop-
erty of John Sterrett. The house, eighteen by
twenty-four feet, was built ^of hewn logs ; the
cracks were chinked and daubed inside and out-
568
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
sicle, but not plastered. There was one long,
movable double desk in the house, which resem-
bled a carpenter's work-bench. All the other
seats were low, made of slabs and puncheons,
and had no backs. Some of the teachers in this
house were Woods, John Brown, George
Gibson and William Stephen. William Stephen
taught in 1828, and was the last teacher.
The school-house at Sterrett's mill being so
near the east end of tlie district, the citizens
united and built a more comfortable house on a
lot obtained from William McDowel, along the
public road leading from Sterrett's mill to
Brown's mill, and very near the centre of the
district. Districts were very large in those
days. This school-house was built in 1828, of
white-pine logs nicely hewn, and had a shingle
roof. It was about twenty-five by thirty-five
feet. William Stephen was the first teacher who
taught in this house. After several terms the
upper and lower floors were laid down tightly
and long single desks jslaced along the walls.
The other seats were neatly made of boards, but
had no backs to them. William Stephen taught
for a number of years, and after him John Brown
taught until the time the new school law was
accepted in Mifflin County. Brown then left
and various teachers taught in the house. It
was taken down by the order of the school di-
rectors and was rebuilt at the east end of Milroy,
and was there used as a school-house some years,
and was again taken down and was rebuilt near
the property of John McNitt. It was built
there to supply the place of the Salem school-
house, which had been destroyed by fire the
previous season.
In 1833 the citizens of Perry ville (now Milroy)
and vicinity united and built a small frame build-
ing on the property of Jacob Hahn, about twenty-
five rods west of the Fertig mill, on the north
side of the public road. This house was used as
an academy for females until September 30, 1837,
when it was sold to the directors of Armagh
township for seventy-eight dollars and forty
cents, in full for the house and lot. This build-
ing was used as a public school-house until the
first double school-house was built on the Kanagy
lot, in 1868, and when the new school-house was
opened for school the above academy building
was abandoned, but was afterward sold and is
now a tenant-house.
The Coleman school-house is built on the old
Coleman property ; it is a substantial frame
building with shingle roof, and is lathed and
plastered inside. It is twenty by twenty-four feet
and was built by mutual agreement by and be-
tween five persons, viz., J. W. Francis, president,
and Joseph Filson, secretary, Edward Coleman,
George Goss and Wm. A. Reed. This school-
house and lot was sold to the Armagh School
District in 1878 for two hundred dollars. Since
that time it has been used by the di.strict for
public-school purposes.
The school-house at Crissman's Knob was
built late in the fall of 1834. It was of
hewn logs and was built by voluntary con-
tribution. John Crissman and John Havice
did the greater j)art of the work and paid the
greater part of the expenses. It was daubed
on the inside and temporary benches and desks
were put up, and Dr. John C. Breckenridge
was the first teacher and taught during the
winter of 1834. In the summer of 1835
the outside of the house was daubed and
the inside arranged so as to be made
more comfortable. It was then taken as a
public school-house and was used as such until
1867 when it was moved by George Showers
(contractor) and was rebuilt at the Crissman's
Gap Run, in the lower end of Havice Valley.
The district continued to use this for a school-
house until the summer of 1879, when a neat,
well-finished frame school-house was built about
forty rods farther eastward, on a lot bought from
Joseph Ramer. This new house has all the
modern improvements.
The school-houses of which accounts have
been given were built prior to the public-school
system, which came into force under authority
of an act of Legislature which was approved
April 1, 1834. In accordance with the provisions
of the act, it became tiie duty of the court of
each county to appoint school directors, who
were to serve until the next election. At the
November term of Mifflin County Court in
that year Joseph Kyle and Shem Zook were
appointed directors of Armagh township. On
the 4th of March, 1835, a meeting of directors
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
569
was held, and it was resolved to establish ten
schools in the township, as follows :
No. 1, near Sterrett's Mills.
No. 2, at Ramsay's school-house.
No. 3, near the stone church.
No. 4, at Yoder's, near Fleming's mill.
No. 5, at the school-house near Centre Church.
No. 6, at theGapscliool-house,near Dr.Henderson's.
No. 7, at Kyle's.
No. 8, near Perry vi lie.
No. 9, at the Lutheran Church.
No. 10, at Crissman's school-house.
At this meeting they arranged for sealed pro-
posals for teachers, to be sent to David Graham,
at Norris' Mills, up to the 25th of March, at
which time the directors were to meet at the
house of John Kerr and make contracts with the
teachers, — John McDowel, secretary of the board
of directors.
A meeting 6f the board of directors appears
to have taken place at the house of John Kerr,
at Brown's Mills, on the 2d day of April,
1836.
The board organized by electing James Alex-
ander, president; Samuel Maclay, M.D., secre-
tary; and David C. Miller, treasurer. The
business before the board on that day appears
to have been the erection of a school-house near
Abner Reed's, in what is now Brown township.
The board next met April 16, 1836, at which
time they agreed to let the building of this
house to Willis Coplin for one hundred and fifty-
five dollars, the bnihliug to be frame, twenty-
two by twenty-six feet, on a stone foundation,
raised eighteen inches above ground, the wea-
ther-boarding to be unplaned, and the school
room to be lined with boards on the inside.
t)n the 16th day of August, 1836, the board
met again at the house of John Kerr ; on mo-
tion they resolved to divide the district into
twelve sub-districts, according to the pro-
visions of the school law (see Sec. 8, Article 1st).
Also that the sum of fifty-four dollars be ap-
propriated to each school district for the em-
plo3-ment of teachers. During the years 1836-
37, $886. 29i M'ere drawn from the treasury for
school purposes in Armagh township, including
Brown, which was set off in the latter year.
Saturday, April 1, 1837, the board of school
directors of the lately-formed township of Ar-
magh, who were elected on the 17th day of last
March, met this day and organized by appoint-
ing Joseph Roth rock president, Samuel Mac-
lay, M.D., secretary, and Thomas Reed treas-
urer. The board then examined propo.sals for
building a school-house near Marion Furnace.
The contract was awarded to William Orr for
eighty dollars, to be paid as soon as the house
was finished. The building was frame, twenty-
four by twenty- eight feet, raised eighteen inches
from the ground, on a stone wall. The agree-
ment was made and concluded April 6, 1837, and
the house was fiuisheil iu accordance with the
agreement.
The school-house here mentioned is near the
site of the old Laurel Run school-house, and is
known as the second Laurel Run house.
About 1840 the school directors erected a
school-house on the east bank of Honey Creek,
a short distance northwest of a blacksmith- shop,
and which is now owned by Henry McAuley.
It was a small frame building, very low in the
story ; it was used for a public school until about
1864, when it was destroyed by fire. The di-
rectors then secured a lot from Henry McAuley
on the east side of Dry Creek and on the south
side of the road. On this lot they erected a
frame weather-boarded school-house about twen-
ty-five by thirty feet, which is still used.
On the 4th of ]\Iay, 1840, the school direc-
tors of Armagh District bought a lot from John
Beatty and built a very ordinary frame build-
ing on it. The house had rough weather-
boarding on the outside, was lined with boards
inside, with the intervening .space filled with
leached tan-bark. It was used as a public school-
house till the spring of I860. George F. Eh-
renfeld was the first teacher in this house and
W. C. McCleuahen was the last one.
The Salem school-house was built on the Sa-
lem Church lot in 1840. It was a frame build-
ing and was like the Beatty's Knob school-house.
This was used as a public school-house many
veal's, when it was destroyed by fire. Jam&s
C. Hassinger was teacher at the time it was
burned.
The first .school-house in Xew Lancaster Val-
lev was built bv tiie oixler of the school direc-
570
JUxNflATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
tors of Armagh towushij) in 1845, and was
located on the laud of John Filson. The honse
was twenty by twenty-four feet, and was built of
white pine hewn logs ; had a lap-shingle roof.
John Filson was the contractor and builder.
The first teacher was John Snook. This house
was used for public-school purposes until about
1881 or 1882, when the new or second school-
house was built.
The second school-house in New Lancaster
Valley is a substantial, well-finished frame build-
ing, and was built in 1881-82 by Edward
Kriehbaum. The house is located near the east
line of Calvin Filson's property, and on the
north side of the road.
On the 23d day of September, 1853, the
board of directors of Armagh township con-
tracted for the building of a new school-house
near William Thompson's, on the east side of
the turnpike road, above Milroy. On the 4th
day of February, 1854, John Barger, Esq. and
Ezra M. Hoops made an agreement with the
directors to build the house for two hundred
and forty-seven dollars ; the building to be
twenty-four by thirty feet, on a good stone
foundation, I'aised eighteen inches above ground ;
door of the house to open into an entry or ves-
tibule on the outside of the main building.
This vestibule to be six by fourteen feet, in
which there shall be one window. At the time
the agreement was entered into, the contract
price was raised from two hundred and forty-
seven dollars to two hundred and seventy dol-
lars. This building was used as a school-house
until 1868, when it was given up for that pur-
pose. It is now used as a dwelling-house.
The Armagh township district built a school-
house on the property of Hugh Aitken in 185(J.
It was built of hemlock fence-rails. It was
never considered a comfortable house, but was
used for public schools until the spring of 1884.
Milo Cooper was the first teacher and Miss
Minnie Shelly was the last one. In the sum-
mer of 1884 the directors of Armagh township
had the old building taken down, and a new,
substantial frame liouse built in the same place.
Miss Alice Siebert was tlie first teacher in the
new house, and Howard Aitken the second.
The school directors of Armagh District
built a new frame school-house in Siglerville in
1864, on a lot which they bought the same year.
It was twenty-five by thirty-five feet, and was
weather-boarded ujd and down with stripjjing on
the seams, and painted brown. This was used
as a public school-house until 1882, when the
increase of inhabitants made it necessary to have
a larger building. Therefore, in 1882, the school
directors bought an addition to the present lot,
and built the present double brick school-house
ou it, moving the location nearer to the public
road than the place where the first house stood.
This house is thirty-two by forty -seven feet,
M'ith a vestibule seven by thirty-two feet long,
and is arranged for two schools. This house
cost twenty-six hundred dollars, and William
McDowell and Miss Kate McAuley were the
first teachers.
In 1864 the directors erected a frame school-
house on the east end of JamSs M. Brown's
farm, on the west side of the road. The house
is twenty-five by thirty-five feet and weather-
boarded. It is painted brown and is still used.
East Kishacoquillas Academy. — The
citizens in the vicinity of Locke's Mills united
in a stock company and built the East Kisha-
coquillas Academy. The house is built of
brick and is twenty-three and one-quarter by
thirty feet. It was used several years as an
academy, but did not prove a success.
Ou the 21st of September, 1865, the stock-
holders and owners of the academy sold it to
the school directors of the Armagh District for
a public school-house, instead of the Beatty's
Knob school-house, which was abandoned the
same year. The directors paid eight hundred
dollars for this house, which is still in use.
On the 10th of December, 1867, a lot was
purchased of David Hooley, part of the prop-
erty lately owned by Henry Kanagy. On this
lot the directors built a frame house, with
two rooms, making each room twenty-five
by thirty feet. It is weather-boarded and was
used for school purposes until several years
ago. It is not at present used, but is not aban-
doned by the directors.
In 1876 it was found that the above-named
double school-house was too small to accommo-
date the pupils of the district, and it was de-
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
571
cided by the directors to build another school-
house on the same l(jt. Ou the 19th of Feb-
ruary, 1872, a contract was made with Isaiah
Coplin to build a two-story brick building,
thirty by fifty feet, with four class-rooms, the
building to have a vestibule on the south side.
The contract price was three thousand dollars.
The work progressed smoothly for some time,
but, for some cause, Coplin did not complete
the work. It passed into the hands of another
contractor, who completed the building. This
second contract made an additional cost of eight
hundred dollars. This house has the late
improvements in desks, etc., and the schools are
in a prosperous condition.
On the 21st of July, 1877, Thomas B. Mc-
Nitt sold to the board of directors a lot, upon
which they erected a brick school-house, twenty-
five by thirty-five feet, which is still used.
Po.ST-(^FFICES IN ARMAGH TOWNSHIP.
The first post-office in what is now Armagh
township was established in 1828, and was
called the Valley Post-office. William Thomp-
son was postmaster. It was located above, or
northwest, of what is now Milroy, at the house
of William Thompson, who continued to be
postmaster until 1843 or 1845, when it was re-
moved to the village of Milroy, and Jesse Win-
gate was appointed postmaster. He continued
in office till he moved away, in 1849. The
name was changed to Milroy Post-Office in
1850. James Thompson was appointed post-
master after Wingate, and Mrs. Cooper con-
ducted the office until 1853 or 1854, when
Isaiah Coplin was appointed postmaster. He
continued in the office until 1861, at which time
A. W. (xraff was appointed postmaster and con-
tinued in the office until November 30, 1867,
when W. V. B. Coplin was appointed postmas-
ter. He continued in office until July 1, 18(38.
Holmes Maclay was appointed postmaster on the
1st day of July, 1868, and the office was con-
ducted by A. W. Graff until July 1, 1876, when
^Vloses Thompson, the present postmaster, was
appointed.
A post-office was located in Siglerville, Ar-
magh township, on the 1st day of July, 1871,
and Robert McXitt was appointed postmaster.
The office was conducted by S. A. McClintic
until January 17, 1878, at which time AVm. R.
Barefoot was appointed. He still continues in
office.
The post-office at Locke's Mills was estab-
lished about 1846, when James K. Polk was
President. E. E. Locke was appointed post-
master and continued in that capacity until
some time in March, 1865, when he gave up
the office. N. W. Sterrett was appointed post-
master instead of Locke, who moved away from
that place about the last of March, 1865. The
office did not remain long under the control of
N. W. Sterrett. It was taken away from
Locke's Mills entirely, and since that time
there has been no post-office at that place.
Mills axd Other Ixi>ustrie.s. — The list
here given contains the names of persons in Ar-
magh township, in 1781, who were operating
mills, tan-yards and distilleries, —
William Brown, two mills, two stills (two negroes);
William Beard, tan-yard; Matthew Taylor, two stills
(negro); Samuel Galloway, tan-yard ; Samuel Holli-
day, two mills and a still ; Daniel Jones, mill ; Wil-
liam Junkin, mill; George Mitchell, two stills.
In the year 1793, William Brown, Esq.,
erected a grist-mill and saw-mill on a tract of
three hundred acres, John Beard erected a saw-
mill and James McFarlane a grist and saw-mill;
in 1828 he also had a fulling-mill and distillery.
In 1835 they were owned by William McFar-
lane. In 1812 David Williams advertised that
he " had had for some time a wool and cotton-
factory and now has complete new machines for
carding, and proposes to do carding at eight cents
per pound." Robert Work, in the same year,
built a new fulling-mill in Kishacoquillas Val-
ley, adjoining John Fleming's mill. The prop-
erty was sold the next year to Aaron Work.
The first mill in the east end of the Kishaco-
quillas Valley was erected by John Sterrett.
The work upon the mill and the race (which
was about thrce-quartei-s of a mile long) was
completed in 1816. The mill was started and
three bushels of wheat were ground, when Mr.
Sterrett was taken ill with a fever, which lasted
but a few days and resulted in his death No-
vember 7, 1816.
This mill was a large-sized, three-story frame
building, with two high overshot water-wheels
572
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
and four pairs of burrs. After the death of
John Sterrett a part of his farm property was
sold, inchidiug the mill, aud Rebecca, wife of
John Sterrett, became the purchaser. After-
ward, on the 22d day of February, 1833, Ee-
becca Sterrett sold the mill property to John
Sterrett, son of Robert Sterrett, who operated
the mill in connection M'ith the still-house until
February 9, 1841, when he sold it to E. E. &
L. Locke. The Lockes continued to operate
the mill, with the still-house and alcohol-house,
until July 25, 1857, when, about four o'clock
in the afternoon, Locke's mills aud four other
buildings were destroyed by fire. The work of
rebuilding began in November, 1857, and the
mill was finished in June, 1858. John Todd was
the millwright. This mill is built of brick, and is
forty-six by seventy feet, and is three stories
high. It has a brick extension at the south
.side. On the north side of the mill, and
adjoining, is a brick still-house, which is forty-
five by seventy feet. This was a steam distil-
lery, with a capacity of over one hundred bush-
els per day. The fermenting tubs were in the
cellar, and were made of white cedar planks.
The whiskey made here was converted into
alcohol in another building a few rods north
of the still-house. The fixtures in the alcohol-
house were of the most modern improved
style, from which they made the ninety-
five per cent, alcohol. Rebuilding the mill,
still-house, alcohol-house, whiskey- house, cooper-
shop and several stables so involved the Messrs.
Locke that their projjerty passed into the
hands of the sheriff, and was sold in November,
1863, to E. C. Humes, William McAllister,
Andrew G. Curtin and James T. Hale, of
Bellefonte, Centre County. The property was
sold to Thomas Diven in February, 1871, and
in March of the same year John M. MoAuley
bought the undivided half, and in October,
1871, he bought the other half of this mill
property. McAuley still continues to be the
owner.
James Alexander built a mill on his property
on the Havice Branch of East Kishacoquillas
Creek, about one mile north of Siglerville.
The mill-house is a small frame building, and
has two pairs of mill stones, and was built in
1830. Alexander afterward sold or traded it
to William Strunk aud his son, Benjamin
Strunk. The Strunks did not own it very
long, until it was sold from them by the sheriff
of Mifilin County, and E. L. Benedict, Esq.,
attorney, became the purchaser. It remained
the property of Benedict until his death, and
is now owned by his heirs. The mill is still
kept running while the stream continues to fur-
nish a sufficiency of water. Frequently the
stream is so small that the mill must stop.
Samuel McGrorey built a mill on his prop-
erty, at the first bend in Honey Creek, below
the mouth of Dry Creek. This mill had two
pairs of mill-stones. After op<!rating it some
time McGrorey sold it to Robert Mitchell and
John Wherry. The mill- house was built of
logs. The great drawback connected with this
mill was that the dam would wash away. Var-
ious dams were built, but none of them stood.
Finally they became discouraged and the mill
\\'as stopped entirely.
After the Wherry mill ceased to run James
jMcFarlane built a small frame mill ou his prop-
erty, about a half mile farther down, along the
same creek. This mill had two pairs of mill-
stones. It was operated for many years.
About 1828 McFarlane builtafulling-mili, and
a carding machine was put in operation in the
same building. At that age woolen factories
were unknown in that section of country. Each
family spun their own woolen yarn, and the
cloth was woven on domestic looms, which were
common at that time. After the cloth was
woven it was taken to the fulling-mill and was
there fulled and dyed, and made ready for the
tailor's shears.
William and Thomas Reed built the woolen
mill subsequently knoM'n as Thompson's fac-
tory in 1840. It was a frame building, forty
by fifty feet, three stories high. It contained
one set of cards and mules, for the manufacture
of cloths, satinetts, blankets, etc. The building
was enlarged in 1 847, and its capacity doubled.
It was again enlarged in 1861, aud the third set
of machines added. This factory was first oper-
ated by Thompson & Hawn. In 1847 Thomas
Watson and James Thompson operated it and
continued to 1852. After that time it was oper-
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
573
ated by James Thompson. This building was
entirely destroyed by fire the 23d day of De-
cember, 1883. The jjreseut factory was rebuilt,
partly on the foundation of the former one, the
following year. The lower story is of stone and
the second story is of brick. The building is
forty-eight by one hundred and forty-six feet.
There are several other buildings near the fac-
tory which are used in connection with it. The
picker- house is two stories high, twenty-two by
forty-two feet, and is built of stone and brick.
A one-story dye-house, tweuty-six by sixty feet,
is built of stone, and a iwo-story dry-house,
fourteen by fourteen feet, is built of brick.
It is devoted exclusively to the manufacture
of stocking yarn and hosiery, and is now oper-
ated by the Thompson Brothers, sons of one of
the original proprietors.
A tannery was erected half a mile north of
Milroy many years ago by Valentine Gardner
and was conducted by him a few years, and later
by George Keller, Henry & Jacob Moyer and
Samuel Brisbin. It closed before 1850.
The following is a list of distilleries that at
one time were in operation in Armagh town-
ship. The dates of their erection have been
found in some instances. The owners and loca-
tions are here given. These early distilleries
were built of logs and supplied with two copjjer
stills, except otherwise mentioned. They were
all abandoned before 1835 except Sterrett's,
Strowley's and Coplin's. John McMonigle built
one in 1809 on the John Montgomery property,
at the foot of the mountain ; Samuel McNitt
built on the property now owned by James B.
JSIcNitt ; Felix Lee built on the farm now owned
by William Aitken ; James Alexander built
about half a mile south of Felix Leo's still-
house. Others were located as follows : — Wil-
liam Longwell, near where the Benedict mill
now stands ; Matthew Longwell, at the north
side of Beatty's Knob, farm now owned by H.
L. Close ; John Smith, on the farm now in pos-
session of O. P. Smith ; Robert Neely, stone
still-house, on the present farm of Brown Mc-
Nitt; John Fertig, in the cellar of the log
dwelling-house which still stands in Milroy at
the north side of Josiah Showalter's mill ;
William and Thomsis Reed, on the west side of
the creek, opposite the Milroy Mill ; Foster
Milliken, an extensive frame still-house, on the
02)posite side of the road from Marion Furnace.
George Swartzell, about 1825, built on his
fiirm a still-house which was operated by John
Kenard and Zebulon Philips, property now-
owned by George Swartzell, Jr. Robert Mitch-
ell had one on the west side of Honey Creek, in
front of the present residence of Andrew Mc-
Farlane. James McFarlane had a log house
opposite the Stone Spring-House ; later another
on the south side of the mill-race and east of the
mill, to which the stills were moved. The dis-
tillers were John Kennedy, Joseph Bower,
Robert Shared, Zebulon Philips, Charles De-
vine Edward Cox, Dudley, Gottlieb
Richards and Isimc and David Phillips. John
Hawu built one in 1808, on a farm a short dis-
tance west of the Milroy mill-dam ; abandt)ne(l
in 1810.
Caleb Strowley erected a still-house at the end
of Hawn's Knob, near the north side of Joseph
Hawn's farm, after the others in the township
were abandoned, except Sterrett's. The prop-
erty is now owned by the heirs of Reed Sam-
ple.
Isaiah Coplin, in 1858, erected a stone still-
house on land which he bought of William
Thompson. It was later in j)ossession of Na-
thaniel W. Sterrett, who operated it for a time.
It is now owned by his heirs.
John Sterrett, Sr., who died in November,
1816, erected a log still-house, a few years
prior to his death, north of the present road.
In 1821 John Sterrett, a nephew, and William
Reed & Co., erected a large log still-house on
the same property, a short distance northwest of
the Sterrett mill, and on the opposite side of
the road. On the 22d of February, 1833, Re-
becca Sterrett, widow of John Sterrett, sold the
mill and distillery property to John Sterrett, a
son of Robert Sterrett. The distillery was en-
larged by an extension as large as the original.
The copper stills were removed and steam was
introduced. After operating several yeai"s, a
new frame building was erected at the north
side of the mill. This building had a csllar
under it, in which the fermenting tubs were
placed. The washing and pumping was done
574
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
by a gearing connected with the mill. On the
9th of February, 1841, John Sterrett sold the
mill and stills to E. E. Locke, of Philadelphia.
They continued to operate it as an alcohol dis-
tillery until the 25th of July, 1857, when the
mill, still-house and four other buildings were
destroyed by fire. They began to rebuild the
same year, and in June, 1858, the mill and
stilI-hou.se were completed.
The still-house adjoins the mill on the north
side, and is forty-five by seventy feet. All the
machinery was of the latest improved style, with
a capacity of distilling one hundred and ten
bushels per day. The whiskey was converted
into alcohol before it left the premises, and in
no case was the whiskey sold for any purpose.
The alcohol-house stood a short distance north
of the distillery. In this buildingthere was one
copper still which held twelve barrels of whiskey
containing forty gallons each. These twelve
barrels were converted into ninety-five per cent.
alcohol in one da}^ E. E. & L; Locke contin-
ued to operate this distillery until the 19th of
November, 1863, when the sheriff of MifSin
County sold the .same to E. C. Humes, Wil-
liam McAllister, Andrew G. Curtin and James
T. Hale. These parties sold to Thomas Diven in
February, 1871, and John M. McAuley bought
the undivided half of the same from Diven in
March, 1871, and in October of the same year
McAuley bought the other half. After John
McAuley became the full owner of the still-
hou.se he disposed of much of the inside material,
and again refitted it with a much smaller
capacity. About one or two months in each
3'ear he di.stils whiskey for medical and mechan-
ical purposes.
JUSTICES or THE PEACE.
David Sterrett, before John Barger, 1854^58.
1809. Peter Fertig, 1859-63.
George Green, 1824-39. John Barger, 1864-80.
Wm. Sloan, 1840-49. Adam A. Brown, 1881.
Wm. B. Maclay, 1850-53.
The following are the justices of the peace
elected for the east end of Armagh township :
John C. Cooper, 1840-49. John Swartzell, 1871-75.
William Ramsey, 1849-54. Adam A. Brown, 1876-79.
Wm. Bell, 1855-65. ' T. A. Crissman, 1879-83!
Adam A. Brown, 1866-70. Samuel D. Coldren, 1884.
Fossil Remains. — In 1872, while workmen
were engaged in excavating about sixteen feet
below the surface at the quarries of Charles
Naginey, bones were thrown out. They at-
tracted the notice of John Swartzell, who carried
them home, and in course of time sent them to
Professor Leidy, of the University of Pennsyl-
vania, for examination. The following from
the Lewistoion Gazette of January 17, 1873,
gives the facts :
"The fossil animal remains found in Charle.s Na-
giney's limestone quarry a year ago, and referred to in
a recent issue of this paper, were discussed by Pro-
fessor Leidy a few weeks ago at the Academy of
Sciences, when he gave as his final opinion that they
belonged to a species of peccary, and conferred on
them the name 'Platygonus Vetus,' meaning an
ancient peccary, only one other species having ever
been discovered in this State. Dr. Leidy is said to be
preparing a monograph on extinct species of pecca-
ries, so we may hope to hear something further in re-
gard to our unique representative. Much honor is
due Mr. Swartzell for the thoughtful care shown by
him in preserving the remaining fragments from the
destructive carelessness of the workmen at the quarry,
as otherwise this species might never have been
known to science. Mr. Swartzell has decided to do-
nate the specimens to the Academy of Natural
Sciences in Philadelphia. They will be forwarded to
their destination at an early date. Professor Morrill,
of the Lewistown Academy, has made several plaster-
of-Paris casts of the most perfect bones, one of which
will be jjlaced in the cabinet at Lewistown."
The donation was made to the Academy of
Natural Sciences, and the specimens arrived in
safety.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
JOHN MCDOWELL.
Mr. McDowell was born near Milroy, June 26,
1800. He was of Scotch descent, his grand-
father having emigrated to the colonies about
the middle of the last century, settling in what
was then Cumberland (now Franklin) County,
Pa., and from thence removing in 1754 to Ki.sh-
acoquillas Valley, where he passed the remain-
der of the days allotted to him on earth. H[is
father was engaged at different times in agri-
cultural and mercantile pursuits, and served his
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
575
county, wliicb comprised what is now both Mif-
flin and Juniata Counties, as sheriff for one
or more terms. His motlier's maiden-name was
Jane Mitchell. The subject of this sketch was
the oldest of nine cliildren. He lived and
worked upon the farm during his minority, re-
ceiving such elementary education as farmers'
sons usually obtained in those times in common
schools ; not, however, schools sustained by the
State, but by the families in each particular
body and mind with which God had endowed him,
he succeeded, througli his own exertions, in acquir-
ing a considerable estate. The record of indom-
itable energy, industry, steadfast perseverance
and economy which marked his earlier years ;
his skill and foresight in the management of
his affairs ; and tlie determination with which
he met and triumphed over difficulties and dis-
couragements, stand as an encouragement to
any who may be struggling with adversity or
^r/^ /^l ^ /^-tA^r-c^ ^
neighborhood. His mind being naturally good,
bv reading and association with men of intelli-
gence, he acquired a considerable amount of
general information, which well qualified him
f jr the ordinary business of a citizen and for
the offices of trust to which he was sometimes
chosen. His business during the whole of his
life was farming, and he was truly a sdf-made
man, in the sense in which we usually employ
those woi'ds. Thrown upon his own resources in
early manhood, having no capital with which to
begin life, except those powers and faculties of
entering upon the battle of life. Xaturally pru-
dent and having a discriminating judgment and
large experience, he was frequently consulted in
the purchase of property, and a number of times
appointed administrator of estates. He was not
only a member, but also an efficient and judi-
cious trustee of the East Kishacoquillas Pres-
byterian Church. In 1861 he was elected a
commissioner of the county, in which office he
served two years, until his death. He was
prominent in the management of township af-
fairs, and was the coimselor and friend of manvin
576
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
circumstances of want and embarrassment, who,
relieved by his timely aid, revere the memory'
of his acts of kindness and interest in their
temporal welfare. A man of commanding
presence, of trvie and honest purpose, esjjecially
nseful by his wise and peaceful counsels, a true
friend, a genial companion, his demeanor that of
the humblest and plainest of men, he enjoyed
the esteem and confidence of the community in
which he lived. He was married, December 21,
to his house for two weeks, was caused by the
rupture of a blood-vessel.
HENEY L. CLOSE.
Henry L. Close is the grandson of Peter Close
(or Klose), who came from Lancaster County
to Mifflin, (then Cumberland) County, and set-
tled on the farm now owned by the subject of
this sketch. This land was first purchased by
Xi^^^V^-^
1841, to Miss Mary Brisbin, daughter of James
Brisbin, Esq., and native of the same valley,
who is still living and by whom he had four
children, two of M'hom are living, — the sou,
John McDowell, residing at the old homestead
and engaged in farming, and the daughter, Mar-
garet J., the wife of Rev. A. H. Parker, pastor
of East Kishacoquillas Presbyterian Church.
Mr. McDowell died March 29, 1863, in the
sixty-third year of his age. His death, sudden
and unexpected, although he had been confined
a Mr. O'Connor, in 1767, and by him trans-
ferred, on the 29th of September, 1787, to Hon.
Thomas Mifflin. He sold, in turn, to one
Christopher Boker, who gave a deed of the
property to Peter Close on the 23d of Novem-
ber, 1787. The latter married Catherine Liv-
ingston, of Lancaster County, whose children
were Peter, Henry, Elizabeth and Adam.
Henry removed to Ohio, Adam to Venango
County, Pa., and Elizabeth, who married George
Bridge, settled on an adjoining farm. Peter,
MIFFLIN COUiNTY.
577
who was born in Lancaster County in 1786,
and settled on the liomestead in Mifflin County,
married Jane, daugliter of John Orr and Cath-
erine, his wife, of the same county and town-
ship. Their children were John, born December,
1810, who settled in his native county; Henry
L. Elliott, born August 5, 1815, now residing
in Milroy, Miifliu County; Eliza, born August,
1819, deceased, who married William Akins, of
the same township; William T., born August
1, 1821, a farmer in Armagh township. Mr.
Close during his lifetime followed the employ-
ment of a farmer. His character for probity,
integrity and intelligence was such as to make his
infiuenoe for good apparent in the community.
He was also active in the affairs of the East
Kishacoquillas Piesbyterian Church, of which
he was a member. His death occurred March
24, 1838, and that of his wife March 2(3, 1864.
His son, Henry L. Close, was born May 19,
1813, on the homestead, which is his present
residence. The common school afforded oppor-
tunity for acquiring a limited education, the
winter only being devoted to study, as during the
summer he was occupied on the farm. Daring
his father's lifetime he was one of his most
industrious helpers, and on the latter's death a
portion of the estate became his own. In 1842
he built the house now occupied by his son,
James H. Close, and in 1877 his present con-
venient residence. Mr. Close was, on the 12th
of November, 1845, married to Francina M.,
daughter of William Ramsey and his wife,
Elizabeth, of the same township. Their chil-
dren are M'illiam T., born September 4, 1846,
deceased ; Edmund M. and Edwin (twins), No-
vember 3, 1847, of whom Edwin is deceased,
Edmund having married Clara P., daughter of
William and Sarah Nale ; Elizabeth B., July
23, 1849; S. Jennie, May 29, 1853, wife of
James B. Smith, of the same township ; James
H., July 28, 1856, married to ISIary Blanche,
ilaughter of James and Elizabeth Alexander, of
Centre County, Pa. The last-named son re-
sides on the farm of his father. ]\Ir. Close
has seldom been attracted by business specula-
tions or commercial ventures from the routine of
farm labor to which ho was educated. He has
been either a Whig or a Republican in politics,
37
and active in the local political issues of the
day, having for seventeen successive yeai-s held
the office of st^hool director of the township, as
he does at present. He has also been county
auditor, and filled the position of county com-
missioner. His services are frequently .sought
as guardian and in the settlement of estates.
Mr. Close aided materially in building the East
Kishacoquillas Presbyterian Church, of which
he and his wife and daughters are members.
OLIVER p. SMITH.
Oliver P. Smith is the grandson of Conrad
Smith, who, on his emigration from Germany,
settled in Lanca.ster County, Pa., from whence
he removed to Cum berland (now Mifflin) County.
He was united in marriage to Esther Anderson,
and had children,— John, who settled in the
Kishacoquillas Valley in 1781 ; Samuel, who
resided in Lewistown ; Jacob, who I'emoved to
Philadelphia ; Joseph, who also settled in the
Kishacoquillas Valley ; and two daughters :
Elizabeth (Mrs. Jonathan Alexander) and
Catherine. The birth of John Smith occurred
in Lancaster County, on the7tli of April, 1766,
from whence he removed, when a youth, with
his father to Mifflin County, performing the
journey entirely on foot, as other means of
travel were rendered impossible from the want
of roads of any kind. He began with scanty
aids and in a very humble manner the calling
of a farmer, but eventually, as success crowned
his persevering efforts, purchased the farm now
owned by his son, Oliver P. Smith. John
Smith married Sarah, daughter of Stephen
Beatty, of the same county, and had children, —
Samuel, born November 12, 1798, and married
to Eliza Porter, of Pittsburgh, Pa. ; William,
born March 21, 1801, married to Nancy Mc-
Farlane; Mary E., born October 16, 1806,
married to Andrew ]\IcFarlane; John, born
October 20, 1809 ; James B., boril IMay 1, 1812,
married to Eliza Campbell ; Oliver P., born
July 16, 1814 ; and Sarah J., born Det^ember
27, 1816, wife of Samuel Kyle. John Smith died
March 11, 1848, in his eighty-second year, and
his wife October 7, 1846, in her seventieth year.
Their son Samuel graduated from the Meilical
578
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Department of the University of Pennsylvania
in 1823, and after a brief interval of practice
removed to Pittsburgh, where he became the
senior member of the firm of Smith, Pryn &
Co., iron manufacturers. He also became in-
terested in steamboat enterprises and in other im-
portant business schemes. Later he embarked in
the drug business, which was continued until a few
years prior to his death. He possessed a com-
manding j^resence, a clear and well-cultivated
inheritance, and the remainder being purchased,
he continued to cultivate the land until 1864,
when, having decided to abandon active labor,
the favm was rented. Mr. Smith was married,
on the 25th of November, 1845, to Margaret I.,
daughter of John and Elizabeth Taylor, of
Brown township. Their children are John W.,
born July 10, 1847, who died November 22,
1861 ; Sally G., born January 7, 1857, who
died September loth of the same year; Eliza-
»^-^
■iy0\ — -
mind and a remarkably genial nature, which
rendered him justly popular. His death oc-
curred June 7, 1883. Oliver P. Smith still oc-
cupies the farm which was the scene of his birth.
After such opportunities of education as the
subscription schools of the day aiforded, he bore
his share, though at a very early age in the
labor of the fields. Continuing thus a willing
aid to his fiither until his thirtieth year, he
then, with his brother James B., took the farm
on shares. Eventually a part came to him by
beth T., born August 24, 1848, married to
George R. Frysinger, of Lewistown; and James
B., born October 17, 1851, married to S. Jennie,
daughter of Henry L. Close. The death of
Mrs. Smith occurred February 20, 1864, and
Mr. Smith was again married, February 20,
1868, to Amelia E. Helman, of York County,
Pa. In their political sentiments the Smith
family have always been Whigs, and the sub-
ject of this sketch has, since the formation of
the Republican party, supported its principles.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
579
He has served as county commissioner and
held various township offices. His integrity
and judgment have rendered his services on
many occasions desirable iu the capacity of
guardian. Both Mr. and ]\Irs. Smith ai'e mem-
bers of the East Kishacoquillas Presbyterian
C'liurch, of which the former is a trustee.
CHAPTER VII.
WAYNE TOWNSHIP.
The territory now comprised in Wayne,
Oliver and Bratton townships was a part of
Derry township, in Cumberland County, from
its erection in 1767 until the division in 1782,
when Wayne township was erected from the
upper part of Derry. The following from the
Cumberland County Court records of the July
term, 1782, shows the action of the court and
the boundaries then made :
" Upon the petition of the inhabitants of Derry
township to the court, setting forth that they hibour
under considerable disadvantages, from the great ex-
tent of their Township and the inconvenience of serv-
ing in public otfices for the same, Met by appoint-
ment on Thursday, the 13th day of June, 1782, and
chose Arthur Buchanan, Samuel Holliday, John
Keever, James Ross, Joseph Westbrook, William
Armstrong and Mathew Walcefield to form a line to
divide said township into two equal parts, and that
they mutually agreed the run called Brightfield's Run
should be the division line, from the rise of the main
branch thereof untill the mouth, and from thence in
the course that it enters the river Juniata, directly to
the mountain. And praying the Court that tlie said
Division may be confirmed and entered of record ac-
cording to the aforesaid line, and that the inhabitants
of the upper division desire the name of their town-
ship may be distinguished by the name of Wayne
township, which division having been taken into con-
sideration by the Court, is accordingly approved of
and Confirmed, and that tlie upper division tliereof be
distinguished by the name of Wayne township."
At that time the township line ran from Con-
cord Gap to a point on the river between
Galloway's Ford (now Wharton's) aud Mc^^ey-
town, and that portion remained a part of
Huntingdon County until annexed to Mifflin
County by act of Assembly, April 15, 183-1.
At the April term of court, 1835, Oliver town-
ship was stricken from Wayne, and embraced
the territoiy of Oliver and Bratton, reducing it
to its present limits.
An incident occurred in 1791, at Samuel
Drake's ferry-house, in the Narrows, that shows
the feeling that existed at the time of the dis-
pute over the boundary line. AVhen Sheriff
William Patton, of Huntington County, was
"executing some writs in the disputed terri-
tory, he must needs pass through a small cor-
ner of Mifflin on his return home. This was
at Mount Union, where the ferry-landing was
a few rods below the point where the county-
line left the north side of the river. The Mif-
flin County men gathered, preceded the sheritf
on their own side of the river, hid iu the Ferry
Tavern, and as he came over the river they told
his prisoner he was free, being now out of the
sheriff's bailiwick, and they then arrested the
sberiii' and lodged him in the jail at Lewistown,
ti'om which he was released under a writ of
habeas corpus."
Considerable dispute was maintained for sev-
eral years over th* boundary line between it
and Huntingdon County, and in 1792 the as-
sessment was made iu two parts, one of which
was of the disputed territory. An act of Assem-
bly passed March 29, 1792, altered the bound-
ary line and settled the dispute. (A further
account will be found in the chapter on the
erection of Mifflin County, which shows the
changes in the county line.)
The following are the names of the persons
who were assessed in Wayne township in 1783,
with the number of acres, mills and other inter-
ests, and the assessment of 1790, the first year
after the erection of Mifflin County :
Jolin Allen, 50 ; Benjamin Armstrong, 200 ; Wil-
liam Brown (Carlisle), 490; James Bratton, Sr., 180;
William Bratton, Esq., 200; John Bratton, 150; John
Blair, 60 ; George Bratton, Sr., 75 ; George Bratton,
Jr., 75; Edward Bratton, 60; John Beatty, 163;
James Bratton (Little), 100 ; John Brown (weaver),
100 ; John Brown, Sr., 300 ; Captain Robert Burns,
450 ; William Bratton, Sr., 80 ; James Bratton (Big),
100 ; Mathias Breckney, 30 ; John Bell, tan-yard ;
Richard Coulter, 200; Thomas Collins, 60; John
Carlisle, 50; James Creswell, 160; James Christy,
100; John Culbertson, 200; Robert Crawford, 165;
Joseph Corbet, 50 ; John Cunningham, 150 ; Robert
Creswell's heirs, 100 ; Daniel Carmichael's heirs, 167 :
John Carmichael, 308, 2 stills ; Joseph Corbet, 40 ;
580
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
William Dixon, 50 ; James Dixon, 65 ; Samuel Drake,
50; Henry Dickson, 149; Patrick Dunn, 200 ; Daniel
Duncan, 200: Robert Elliot, 30; John Elliot, 475;
Robert Forgey, 168; Georire Frye, 375; Samuel Gal-
loway, 95 ; Joseph Galloway, 100 ; Jacobus Gonsales,
230 ; William GifBn, 50 ; Joseph Graham, 20 ; George
Gilston, 230 ; Francis Hamilton, 100 ; Henry Hubble,
100 ; James Huston, 200 ; William Herrou, 50 ; Sam-
uel Holliday, 200, grist and saw-mill and still; Gor-
don Howard, 53 ; Henry Hanawalt, 250 ; Thomas
Hunter, 200 ; Margaret Hamilton, 50 ; Widow How-
ard, 350 ; George Irwin, 700 ; John and William
James, 100 ; William James, 150 ; Lancelot Johnston,
100; James Johnston, Sr., 130; William Jones, 10;
Alexander Jacobs, 50; Edward Johnston, 104; Rich-
ard Johnston, 50 ; Andrew Junkin, 80 ; William Jun-
kin, 113, grist-mill; William Lauther, 120; James
Lyon, 200 ; James Morrison, 40 ; Alexander McKius-
try, 150 ; George Mitchell, 311 ; James McGlaughlin,
15; Alexander McHatton, 75 ; Archibald McClosky,
100 ; William Marden, 100 ; John Maughen, 70 ; John
Moore, 100; John McClelland, 200; Joseph McKins-
try, 150; Widow Moore, 170; Samuel McKeehan,
251 ; James Macklin, 80 ; Alexander McDonald, 200 ;
Daniel Moore, 300; Widow McMullin, 100; David
McMurtrie, 170 ; John McDowell, 50 ; Samuel Mitch-
ell, 30, 2 stills ; Samuel Moorhead, 100 ; Joseph
Neeklin, 100; Patrick Nugent, — ; John Oliver,
schoolmaster; Solomon Palmer, 100; John Rankin,
135 ; James Boss, 300; John Rodgers, 100; William
Robinson, 200; Jacob Sower, 100; William Scott,
200; Arthur Starr, 212; Marshall Stanley, 324; Rob-
ert Samuels, 200 ; Archibald Stewart, 200 ; James
Sterrett, 170 ; Alexander Stewart, 200 ; John Taylor,
50 ; William Thompson, 70 ; William Taylor, 100 ;
John Uncles, 545, saw-mill ; Samuel Wharton, 120 ;
Joseph Welden, 100 ; Stephen White, 250 ; James
White, 100; John Wakefield, 146; Mathew Wake-
field, 222; James Wilson, 75; Joseph Westbrook,
120 ; Samuel AVeyburn, 80.
ASSESSMENT FOR WAYNE TOWNSHIP FOR 1790.
" Adams, David, Ih, Ic.
Armstrong, James, 200a.
Allen, John, 200a, Ih, Ic.
Bratton, George, Sr., 2h, Ic.
Brattou, Edward, 150a, Ih, Ic.
Bratton, Isabella, 100a, Ih, Ic.
Bratton, George, Jr., 317a, 2h, 3c.
Bratton, William, sailor, 100a.
Brattou, James, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Bratton, William,* 100a, 2h, 2c.
Brown, John, Sr., 200a, 2h, 2c.
Brown, John, Jr., 100a, 2h, 2c.
Brown, William* (Carlisle), 100a.
Burns, Robert, captain, 750a.
Carmichael, John, 306a, 3h, 4c, 2 negroes, 1 still.
ClarmicLael, Daniel, heirs, 200a.
Christy, James, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Carlisle, John,* 50a.
Cox, Charles, 100a.
Crawford, Robert, 160a, 2h, 2c.
Cunningh.am, John, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Corbet, Joseph, 200a, 2h, 2c.
Craig, John, Ih, Ic.
Caghey, .John, Ih, Ic.
Coulter, David, 170a, 2h, 2c.
Culbertson, John, 200a, 2h, 3c, 1 fulling-mill.
Dixon, James, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Dixon, Henry, 149a, 2h, 2c.
Dixon, William, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Depugh, Daniel, 120a.
Douglass, William, 260a, lb, Ic.
Duncan, Daniel, 500a.
Drake, Samuel, 150a, Ih, 2c.
Elliot, Robert, 50a, 2h, 2c.
Forgey, Mary, widow, 82a, Ic.
Forgey, Robert, 82a.
Frey, George, 400a.
Gunsaulus, widow, 300a, 2h, 2c.
Graham, Joseph, 50a, Ih, Ic.
Galbreath, George, 400a, Ih, Ic, 1 saw-mill.
Hanniwalt, Henry, 300a, 2h, 2c.
Humphrey, William, 70a, Ih, Ic.
Huston, William, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Huston, John, 2h, 2c, 1 still.
Huston, Abigail, widow, 200a, 3h, 3c.
Holliday, Samuel, 200a, 3h, 3c, 1 negro, 1 grist-mill.
Hamilton, Francis, 150a, 2h, 2c.
Hamilton, Nathaniel, 2h, Ic.
Hamilton, Margaret, 50a.
Henderson, Robert, 2h, 2c.
Hunter, William, 200a, 2h, 2c.
Harper, William, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Irwin, George, 800a.
Jones, William, 200a, Ih, Ic.
James, John,* 100a.
Junkin, William, 229a, 3h, 3c, 1 mill.
Johnston, Lancelot, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Johnson, James, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Johnson, John, Jr., Ih, Ic.
Johnston, James, Rev, 200a, 3h, 3c.
Johnson, Edward, 100a.
Jacobs's, Alexander, heirs, 150a.
Lyon, John, Ih, 2c.
Lyon, James, 200a, 3h, 4c.
Lindsey, John, 200a.
McLaughlin, Duncan, 100a, Ih, Ic.
McLerty, Samuel, 100a, Ih, Ic.
McLerty, John, 200a, 2h, 2c.
McKee, John, 250a, 2h, 2c.
McVey, William, 20a.
McVey, John, 250a, Ih, 6c. ■
McVey, Enoch, 100a.
McKeehen, Samuel, 250a, 2h, 2c.
McDowel, John, 340a, Ih, Ic.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
581
McMurtry's, David, heirs, 175a.
Moore, John, lOOa.
Moore, Isabella, 200a, 3h, 2c.
Mardon, William, 100a, 3c.
Mardon, Jonathan, 70a, 2h, 1 still.
Mahon, Alexander, 70a.
Mitchel, George, 300a, 2h, 2c.
Blaclin, James, 100a and 100a Agnew's land, 2h, 2c.
Oliver, .John 200a, 2h, 3c, 1 still.
Oashel, Henry, 3h, 2c.
Patton, Robert, 100a.
Postlethwaite, William, 2h, 2c.
Ross, James, 300a, 2h, 2c.
Ross, William, 100a, 2h, Ic.
Rankin, John, 100a, Ih, 2c.
Robison, William, 400a, 2h, 2c, 1 negro, 1 still.
Robison, Alexander, 150a, Ih, Ic.
Stephen, Matthew, Rev'd, 125a, 2h, 2c.
Stackpole, James, 50a, Ih, 1 still.
Stuart, Widow, 200a, Ih, 2c.
Stuart, Archibald, 143a.
Simpson, John, Ih, Ic.
Smith, Thomas, Esq., 500a.
Scott, William, 300a, 2h, 2c.
Sunderland, David, 2h, 2c, 1 still.
Turner's Jane, Heirs, 100a.
Taylor, Widow, 50a, 2h, Ic.
Unkles, John, 300a, Ih, 3c, 1 grist-mill, and 1 saw-
mill.
Westbrook, Levi, 100a, Ih, Ic.
Walker, James, lb, Ic.
Wilson, James, 150a.
Wilson, Alexander, 200a.
Wakefield, William, lb, Ic.
Wakefield, John, lOlJa, 2h, 2c, 1 saw mill.
Those marked thus (*) and the following
appear the next year on what is called the
" Di.?puted Part," being claimed also as a part
of Huntingdon County :
" Armstrong, William, 2h, 3c.
Bratton, James, Jr., 2h, 2c.
Brattou, Samuel, 150a, 2h, 4c.
Bratton, John, 250a, 2b, 9c, 1 negro and 140a on
Sugar Bottom.
Bratton, William, Esq., 200a, 2h, 2c, 1 saw-mill.
Beard, John, 100a, 2h, 3c.
Beatty, John, 100a, 2h, 2c.
Carmicbael, James, 200a, 2h, 2c.
Caruthcrs, James, 180a, lb, 2c.
Collins, Thomas, 50a, 2h, 2c.
Carlisle, John, 80a, 2b, 2c, 1 still.
Coulter, Joseph, Jr., 3c, 1 still, 1 tan-yard.
Coulter, Joseph, Sr., 100a, Ih, 2c.
Criswell, John (mountain), 120a, 2h, 3c.
Criswell, John, 80a, 2b, 2c.
Criswell, Michael, 80a, lb, 2c.
Fanetus, Ferd, Ih, 2c.
Galloway, Joseph, 200a, Ih, 3c, 1 tan-yard.
Hubble, Henry, 100a.
Mitchell, Widow, 200a, 3h, 4c.
Mortland, Alexander, 100a, 2h, 2c.
McKinstry, Alexander, 250a, 2h, 3c.
McConaughey, Daniel, 85a, lb, 2c.
Nugent, Patrick, 100a, lb, 4c.
Romach, George, 2h, Ic.
Stanley, Marshal, 170a, 2h, 4c.
Stanley, Nathaniel, 2b, 2c.
Stanford, Alexander, 50a, Ic.
Wharton, Samuel, 120a, 2h, 3c.
White, Thomas, 150a, 2h, 2c.
" William Brattox, Assessor.
" John Oliver,
" William Scott, .
Note. — In 1792 the " unseated" list has Arthur Nugent
•50a. on Licking Creek, and " Samuel Wallace and Com-
pany, 1000a on the head of Licking Creek, near the road
leading from Wayne township to Carlisle.''
Early Settlers. — The first land located
in the present limits of AVayne township was
warranted to Barnabas Barnes February 14,
1755, the second day of issue of M'arrants of
acceptance for the lands granted by the treaty
of 1 754. It was described as " situate on the
north side of the Juniata River, about a quarter
of a mile below the falls." The original tract
contained two hundred and twenty-seven acres
and was three hundred and fifty perches on the
river front. In the patent it was named " Wal-
nut Bottom." Barnes conveyed the tract to
Richard Tea, who, December 9, 1767, sold it
to Daniel Carmichael, whose brother, John
Carmichael, had located one hundred and fifty
acres of land near the place October 4, ] 762,
and who, in 1783, was in jiossession of three
hundred and eighty acres and two distilleries.
His name does not appear in the assessment of
1793. Daniel died in 1778 and left his
property to his sons, James and Duncan, who,
September 9, 1795, sold it to Joseph Dysart
and moved to Tennessee. He lived and diwl
upon the jilace and left four sons, — AVilliam,
James, John and Josejjh. William married
ISIary, the daughter of Duncan Carmichael.
Their son, James C. Dysart, now lives on the
Cunningham tract. An Alexander Dysart died
in 1798, aged seventy-three years, and is buried in
the old Bratton grave-yard.
James Ross, Hugli Brown, John Carmichael,
John Miller and Christian Hamilton all located
582
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
land and settled upon it in 1762. Of these,
James Ross, a native of Ireland, came to York
County about 1760, when fourteen years of
age, and soon after to what is now Wayne
townshijD, and located one hundred acres of land
on the south side of the Juniata River, on laud
now owned by John Saylor. His warrant bears
date February 3, 1 762. He soon after located other
lands adjoining, and in 1783 was in possession
of three hundred acres. He had two sons,
James and David, who settled on the homestead,
and about 1802 sold it to John Hanawalt.
General John Ross, who settled in McVeytown,
was a son of James Ross. Of the daughters
were Mary (Mrs. John Criswell), Sarah (Mrs.
John Postlethwait), Martha (ISIrs. William
Jenkins), Elizabeth (Mrs. William McKinstry)
and Jane (]\Irs. David Criswell). The most of
these, with their husbands, moved to Westmore-
land and Armstrong Counties, in this State,
where they settled and where their descendants
now reside. General John Ross, settled at Mc-
Veytown, was engaged in the construction of
the canal and in various branches of business
in the vicinity. William Jenkins, who married
Martha, one of the daughters of James Ross,
settled in the township and died in 1826. They
had three sons, — David, James and Robert.
David settled on the Juniata River in 1826 and
owned where the Vineyard Farm and Station
now are. In 1845 he purchased the four
hundred acre tract where he now lives, which
was the tract taken up in 1762-69, as will
be hereafter shown. He has three sons, James
W., David B. and John R. — and four daughters,
of whom Martha married Theodore C. Bennett
and resides in Illinois ; Anna, Sarah and Mary
reside at home. Of the sons James settled in
Warren County and John in Juniata County ;
David B. was in the late war, and of the Twelfth
Pennsylvania Cavalry. He is now at the
homestead.
David Jenkins, the grandfather of David
Jenkins who now lives on the Juniata near the
old Galloway's Ford, was a native of Done-
gal, Ireland, and came to this country as an
officer in the command of General Braddock,
and was with the army when defeated, July 9,
1775. A few years after, he came to this region
of country and taught school in various parts of
Mifflin County. He married a Miss Miller, a
cousin of General Anthony Wayne, in whose
father's family she was brought up. Their
children were William, the father of David
Jenkins, now of Wayne township ; James in
early life enlisted with the expedition that went
out with Aaron Burr (he was also in the
War of 1812, and was wounded at Sandusky) ;
Robert was also in the War of 1812 and was
killed at Black Rock ; David, the youngest son,
emigrated to Ohio.
The farm now owned and occupied by David
Jenkins, on the south side of the Juniata River,
was warranted on several applications to Wil-
liam Brown. The first application was dated
August 3, 1769, and warrant of acceptance is-
sued February 2.3, 1785. A warrant was is-
sued October 12, 1784. These two tracts
contained one hundred and eighty-six acres, and
in the patent dated March 15, 1785, are named
Teague's Ramble. Another tract, containing
one hundred and twenty-seven acres was war-
ranted to William Armstrong, June 1, 1762,
and conveyed to William Brown, July 26th,
1765.
This tract in the patent, dated March 9, 1786,
is named Long Bottom. Another tract of twen-
ty-eight acres was warranted to William Brown
February 23, 1785, on application made August
3, 1769. These tracts were all allowed six per
cent, for roads. The William Brown here men-
tioned is not the one known as Judge William
Brown, of Kishacoquillas Valley, but is al-
ways mentioned in the records as William
Brown, of Carlisle, where he lived. On one
of the tracts was an improvement by a man by
the name of Felty, and the site of his log cabin
is still known to some of the old residents ;
near it is a spring known to this day as Felty's
Spring. George Brown, a son of William, came
to the place and made some improvements on
the tract, and lived at the house of George
Galloway, who resided below, on the river. He
was a tanner and built a tannery on the Gallo-
wav farm, which he operated several years.
Later in life he resided at Baltimore. David
Jenkins rented the farm in 1826 and occupied
it for nineteen years, and in 1845 purchased it
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
583
of George and Thompson Brown, s<ons of
George Brown.
Patrick Dunn matle an improvement on tlie
William Brown farm, which was bought by
Brown at sherifi's sale in 1785. He lived on
part of the present David Jenkins farm and
soon after moved away.
Hugh Brown took out a warrant for two
hundred and fifty acres of land June 15, 1762,
on the south side of the river, and later took up
other lands on the north side of the river, where
Newton Hamilton now stands and where he
lived. He was killed at the place by the In-
dians, who captured, at the same time, Hester
Hamilton, his half-sister, who afterwards mar-
ried Colonel William Bratton. A portion of
the land came to his half-sister Hester and
Margaret, the last of whom inherited the tract
on which Newton Hamilton now stands. The
village was laid out bj' her and she lived and
died there. A portion of the Hugh Brown
tracts, in 1813, passed to Lukens Atkinson.
On the 4th of June, 1762, John Miller took
out a warrant for ninety-four acres of land.
He sold it, in 1777, to James Carruthers, who,
in 1795, conveyed it to Daniel Secrist. It
later passed to John Purcell and to Elijah Mc-
Vey (son of John jNIcVey, the founder of Mc-
Veytown), who left it to his son, John R.
McVey, who now owns it.
Christian Hamilton, on June 5, 1762, took
up one hundred and eight acres of land, adjoin-
ing Miller's, known as the Jonathan Leslie
farm, and now owned by L. B. Postlethwait.
George Galloway took out a warrant for one
hundred and fifty acres of laud February 28,
1766, on the south side of the Juniata River,
at the place long known as Galloway's Ford,
and later as tlie Wharton property. He lived
on the place till his death. In 1783 his son
Samuel owned ninety-five acres and Joseph
owned one iiundred acres ; a part of other land
he had purchased had been sold. Samuel Gal-
loway, September 3, 1785, took up one hun-
dred and twenty acres, and May 9th, the
same year, warranted sixty acres. Joseph, at
the same time, in ]May took up thirty acres.
Joseph lived on the homestead tract. He was
much given to speculation, and for tlwt purpose
would sell parts of the tract, which Samuel
Wharton, his neighbor, was always ready to
buy. The latter eventually possessed the
whole tract. Joseph had sons, — William, John,
George, James and Joseph, — who moved to the
West after the sale of the property and took
their father with them.
William Scott, on the 22d of February, 1776,
took up one hundred acres of land on the site
of Atkinson's Mills, and later warranted one
hundred acres more at the head of the Long
Hollow, now owned, in part, b)^ William Luk-
ens and Benj. Rhodes. He had sons, — Mat-
thew, Hugh, William and Hamilton. They
were men of great size and strength and settled
there for a time. On the 15th of September,
1812, Lukens Atkinson, of Thompsontown,
purchased of Susanna, Matthew and Hamilton
Scott a tract of land, and, in 1817, purchased
one hundred and eight acres of land adjoining
of William Armstrong, James Crisswell and
Elias W. Hale. On this and laud on Beaver
Run he built a frame grist-mill, known as At-
kinson's Mill.
Arthur Starr, in 1783, was in possession of
two hundred and twelve acres of land, near the
McVey and Postlethwait farms, which M-as
sold to Daniel McConahey and Daniel Secrist.
Joseph Corbet in 1783 was assessed on forty
acres of land, and in 1793 on two hundred acres.
On the 28th of Januaiy, 1795, he warranted
three hundred acres. His son William warranted
one hundred acres August 25, 1803, and one
hundred acres December 15, 1808. They both
died on their homesteads, and the land is in part
owned by ^^\'st Shafer and John Lane.
.John Cunningham, a native of Ireland, was
assessed in 1783 on one hundred and fifty acres
of land on the north side of the Juniata River,
where his grandson, James C. Dysart, now owns.
He had two daughters, Elizabeth and ^lary.
The former married James Carmichael, and
Mary married Duncan Carmichael, a brother of
James, and both sons of Daniel Carmichael,
who settled near Cunningham in 1762. They
removed ^\'est in 1802, and in 1810 Duncan
returned with his fiimily. His daughter marriecl
William Dysart, the father of James C. Dysart,
the present owner of the farm.
584
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Samuel Wharton came into possession of the
Gallaway tract, as before mentioned. His sons
were Henry, James and Samuel. Henry settled
in Sugar Valley, where his son George B.
Wharton now lives ; James settled on the home-
stead, and died there ; Samuel settled near there,
and his widow now lives opposite Newton Ham-
ilton.
William Morrison was living in the town-
ship before 1783. His son John settled on the
farm now owned by George Cowdin. His sons
were John, Joshua, James and William. Josh-
ua settled on the farm adjoining and below his
father's, where his son Elijah settled. The lat-
ter was a judge of the courts of Mifflin County,
and his widow still resides on the place. James
settled on the south side of the river, opposite the
island, where A. Hazlett now resides. In 178.'5
he owned forty acres. 'Squire John Morrison,
of Newton Hamilton, is a son. The James
Morrison farm was formerly owned by James Car-
ruthers, and in 1802 was sold to Peter Secrist,
who died there and whose family afterward
moved West.
Samuel McKeehan in 1783 was assessed on
two hundred and fifty acres of land, including
the island and land opposite and above Newton
Hamilton. He died on the farm about 1800
and left sous, — Samuel, Alexander, John, Ben-
jamin, David and James. The latter died upon
the farm and the others emigrated.
Francis Hamilton in 1783 owned one hun-
dretl acres of land on the river, near the upper end
of the township, and in 1793 Francis Hamilton
owned two hundred acres and Nathaniel Ham-
ilton owned three hundred acres. A pai't of it
was sold to Samuel Drake and a portion of it is
now owned by David Coplin's heirs.
In 1783 Samuel Drake was in possession of
fifty acres of land on the Juniata River at Jack's
Narrows. April 13, 1787, he purchased of
Francis Hamilton one hundred and twelve acres
in the Long Hollow. At the place in Jack's
Narrows he established a ferry, built a house,
which he opened as a tavern and ferry-house,
aud kept for many years. About 1 840 he re-
moved to Newton Hamilton, where he died. His
sons continued the ferry for several years after,
when they,too,nioved to Newton Hamilton. His
daughter Ellen married Thomas Postlethwait,
who settled in the township.
The old tavern-house was a noted stopping-
place for travelers and teamsters. It was at this
house, in 1 791 , that the dispute occurred concern-
ing the boundary line, which resulted in the
arrest of the sheriff of Huntingdon County. The
tavern was on the highway from Baltimore to
Huntingdon, which was for the first quarter of
the present century the principal route of traffic.
In 1829-30 Thomas Cromwell, the proprietor
of Winchester Furnace, laid out a town opposite
the ferry-house, called Clintonville, and a little
later a wharf was built at the place for the bet-
ter shipment of pig-metal from the Winchester
and Matilda Furnaces.
William Mc^Iullen settled on the Juniata
about 1776, aud in 1783 Widow McMullen was
assessed on one hundred acres of land, now
owned by John Rhodes.
The first of the name of McKinstry who
located land in the township was Alexander
McKinstry, who in 1768 had two hundred
acres and in 1783 was assessed on one hundred
and fifty acres of land. On November 6, 1786,
Samuel and John warranted one hundred and
thirty acres, and on February 28, 1787, Alex-
ander warranted two hundred and eighty-seven
acres, and James, May 3d, the same year,
warranted eighty acres. In 1793 the name of
Alexander McKinstry only appears. He died
upon the farm which now is owned by Samuel
Harvey. He had sons, — Alexander, William,
John and James. Alexander settled in Bratton
township, where Jonas Harshbarger now lives.
William married a daughter of James Ross and
settled in this township.
In 1783, John Unkles was assessed on five
hundred and forty-five acres of land in Wayne
township, and in 1793 on five hundred acres
of land and two mills. This land was on the
north bank of the Juniata River, through which
flowed Beaver Run. It was granted in two
warrants, one of which, granted to William
Meek on an order of survey March 2, 1775, con-
tained one hundred and ninety-eight acres, and
was sold by him to William Chambers, who
sold it to John Unkles June 26, 1783. The
other tract of three hundred and sixty-nine acres
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
585
was warranted to John Forsythe, who sold to
James Armstrong May 27, 1776. He conveyed
it to John Unkles June 27, 1783. Unkles was
a millwright and built upon Beaver Run, at the
])lace now known as Heistcr's Mill, a grist-mill
and a saw-mill, which he operated until 1794,
wiieu he leased the mills to Benjamin Bum-
l)erger, who had a grist-mill in Greenwood town-
ship (now in Juniata County). On the 18th of
January, 1800, Unkles sold the property to
Samuel Winchester, who, June 7, 1803, sold
thirteen acres of it to Philip Shoop, and the
same date sold the remainder to Tiiomas Crom-
well, the proprietor of the Winchester Furnace,
in Huntingdon County, with the exception of
fifty feet square, " which is now made use of for
a burying-ground."
On the 18th of May, 1814, Cromwell sold
part of this laud and other lands, to the amount
of three hundred and ninety-eight acres, to
Abraham Cojieland, (tr Coplin, adjoining lands
of AVilliani McMnllen and Pitts Brown. On
tiie same date Cromwell sold a part of this land
and other land to ^Matthias Copeland, or Cop-
lin, embracing two hundred and forty acres on
Beaver Dam Run. A part of this last tract was
warranted to Samuel Meek April 1, 1767. In
1809, Matthias Coplin was assessed on a grist-
mill and a saw-mill. The property is now the
Heister Mills.
John Allen and M'illiani Sunderland, in 1799,
owned lands over against the hills on the north
side of Long Hollow. Allen sold, January
7, 1799, two hundred acres of land adjoining
Sunderland's and Allen's other land. It was
warranted, in 1793, to James Holmes. David
Sunderland warranted one hundred acres, Octo-
ber 16, 1792, and April 13, 1800, two hundred
acres additional. He died in 1808 and left his
property to his children, — Maiy (Carlisle), Sam-
uel, William, Sarah (Neats) and David ; to the
latter most of the real estate was left. The de-
seentlants of the family are still living in that
part of the township.
Colonel William Postlethwait, who settled at
]\Iount Union, and his two half-brothers,
Thomas and Samuel, "were the first of the name
in the county. They settled here about 1800.
Colonel ^^'illiam had three sons, — William,
Thomas and Joseph. The last two settled on
the old Major Irwin property. Thomas and
Samuel Postlethwait settled at the head of Long
Hollow, where William Postlethwait now lives.
Samuel, a son of Squire Thomas Postlethwait,
lives near Heister's Mill.
A Thomas Postlethwait married Ellen, a
daughter of Samuel Drake. In 1829 there
was a John Postlethwait in Newton Hamilton,
who kept the "Logan House;" in 1836
Thomas J. Postlethwait, Jr., Joseph Postleth-
wait and Samuel D. Postlethwait, who were car-
penters in the same village.
The property now owned by David Stine, of
McVeytown, which lies north of Atkinson's
Mills, was once the property of James Macklin.
In 1783 he was assessed on eighty acres. He
married Elizabeth Johnson, a daughter of John
Johnson, a Revolutionary soldier, who died here
at the age of one hundred and four years, and
was buried in the old Bratton grave-yard. He
probably resided with James Macklin in his old
age, as his sons were all in the Revolution,
after which they emigrated West and South.
James Macklin, on Xovember 9, 1785, war-
ranted three hundred and two acres, and in 1793
was assessed on one hundred and fifty acres, and
in 1800 he was owner of about three hundred
acres. In March, 1803, he bought one hundred
acres adjoining his other land of the executors
of John Postlethwait, who lived in the eastern
part of the State. This tract was warranted by
Joshua Davis before 1768, and purchased by
John Agnew, of Carlisle, in April, 1773, of
Ephraim Blaine, high sheriif of Cumberland
County, as the property of Davis. Agnew sold
to John Postlethwait April 14,1802. James
Macklin lived and died upon the estate in 1819.
In 1816, George, the only son, married Sarah
Witherow and leased the farm and later pur-
chased it. The daughters of James Macklin
were Nancy Goii/ales, Prudence Lukeus, Mar-
garet McCartney, Mary McLaughlin, Elizabeth
Witherow, wife of Samuel Witherow, Jane At-
kinson, wife of Lukeus Atkinson, and Lydia. the
wife of George Dull.
George ^lacklin died in 1824 aud left three
sons, — William, John aud George. William and
George engaged in the mercantile business in
580
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
McVeytown, where William died, and his sons
continued the business. George went later to
Harrisburg and from there to the West, where
he is still living. After the death of George
Macklin, his widow married Cyrus Stine, who
settled on the Macklin estate, now owned by
David Stine, their son.
Samuel Witherow, on the 12tli of October,
1819, made an article of agreement with David
Lukens for forty-one acres of land on Beaver
Run, witli privilege of water for a race. He
built upon the run a saw-mill, and March 17,
1820, he 25urchased it. On Aj^ril 3, 1826, he pur-
chased seventy-four acres additional. In 1825
he had in operation at the place the saw-mill,
two cardiug-maohines and an oil-mill. In 1830
there was added a fulling-mill. About 1 850 he
erected a grist-mill, and in 1863 there was at
the place a grist and saw-mill, carding-machine,
blacksmith-shoiJ and store. The property later
came to David Witherow, son of Samuel, and
in 1880 was sold to Samuel H. Miller, who now
owns it.
John and George Hauawalt, sons of Henry
Hanawalt, of what is now Oliver township, pur-
chased of the heirs of James Ross, Aj^ril, 1802,
a part of the Ross estate. John Hanawalt came
to the place and resided till his death, in 1829.
In April, 1821 George and John Ross divided
their father's estate, John taking this tract as his
share, and George removing on the homestead.
John left sons, — George, Henry and Christopher
— and daughters, Asenath, Susan and Catharine.
The property, which was on the Juniata River,
adjoining William Morrison and Eisenbise, was
divided among them and the descendants are no^v
living there.
John Graham was in the Revolution, and was
one of the seventeen who came out with General
Anthony Wayne from the attack on Stony Point.
He came to this county and settled on the farm
now owned by John Clements. He died there
and lies buried in the forest on the farm. He
had several sons, who settled near here.
John Miller in 1825 came into the township
from Berks County, and settled on the Daniel
Stutzman farm, and later bought a farm of
David Harshbarger.
In 1782 George Irwin was assessed on seven
hundred acres of land, and in 1793 on nine
hundred and fifty acres. He had two sons,
George and William, who lived on the home-
stead for a time and emigrated to Kentucky.
The place is now partly owned by Philip Shade
and is all in the Long Hollow.
The Church of the United Brethren, in Wayne
township, three miles southwest of McVeytown,
was built in 1844 and dedicated January 1,
1845.
The Justice of the Peace who have
served the township since 1844 are as follows :
1870. John Culbertsou,
1871. William Strode,
1872. David Jenkins,
1873. David Norton,
1874. Thomas F. Nourse,
1875. John Bardine,
187(5. Elias Peuepacker,
1877. Elias Penepacker,
1878. George Henderson,
1879. David Witherow,
1880. Geo. C. Henderson.
1885. Samuel Lautz.
1844. Robert Laughlin,
. Samuel Witherow
1847. John McLaughlin,
1848. William Temple,
1855. Cyrus Stine,
1856. George W. Coulter,
1857. George Lane,
1858. Samuel J. Drake,
1860. James Wharton,
1866. Elias Penepacker,
1867. James Wharton,
1868. Jas. F. McNear,
1869. Hugh Laird.
Schools. — David Jenkins, the grandfather
of the present David Jenkins, was probably the
first teacher in the township. A school-house
stood on the old Galloway or Wharton farm,
which was built of small poles, with insterstices
filled with straw and daubed with clay. It was
used many years and a stone house was built in
about 1838, under the school law of 1834,
which was succeeded by the present frame.
In 1793 a school-house stood on the land of
John James, who lived in Wayne township, but
whose land, with others, in 1791-92, was
claimed as part of Huntingdon County.
A log house was built by David Jenkins at
Felty Springs, on his farm, in 1836. James
McDowell was the first teacher. A frame
house was built at the same place in 1857, was
burned in 1884 and rebuilt the same year.
Tlie school law passed in 1834, and at the
November term of court in that year Dr. L.
G. Snowden and John Oliver, Jr., were ap-
pointed school directors of the township. It
will be remembered that at this time the town-
ship embraced in its jurisdiction Wayne, Oliver
and Brattou townships, and the territory now
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
687
ill the boroughs of Newton Hamilton and
McVeytown. The directors met Mareh 14,
1835, and resolved to establish ten schools in
the townships, to be kept at the following places :
No. 1 near Strode's, No. 2 a( Swigert's, No. 3 near
Wayne Furnace, No. 4 at McVeytown, No. 5 at
Mitchell's, No. 6 at Witherow's, No. 7 at New-
ton Hamilton, No. 8 at Harvey's, No. 9 at
McKinstry's, and No. 10 at McKee's. The
schools were established at once.
Oliver township was erected in January,
1835, and its school districts erected in the fall of
that year, taking from Wayne Districts No. 1,
No. 2, No. 4, No. 5, No. 9 and No. 10, when
another district was formed in Wayne township
known as Long Hollow, and a school-house
erected on the Thomas Postlethwait farm. On
October 3, 1835, John J. Cunningham, secre-
tary of the School Board, advertised for teachers
for the following schools : Newton Hamilton,
Wharton, Beaver Run and Long Hollow.
There are at present in the township ten
schools, viz. : Wharton, Belletown, Postleth-
wait, Beaver Dam, Long Hollow, McAnair
Furnace, Atkinson's INIills, Sack Hill and Pat-
tei'son. The number of pupils in attendance is
three hundred and thirty-nine.
Manayunk is a station on the Pennsylvania
Railroad at Shank's Run, the division line be-
tween Wayne and Bratton. A grist-mill was
erected at the place six or eight years ago by
the Lauber Brothers, of Juniata County, which
is still owned by them. A store is kept at the
place by Peclit, and a depot and telegraph-
office are located there.
Atkinson's Mili.s. — The mill at this place,
as has been mentioned elsewhere, was built in
1820, and has been known by its present name
from tliat time. A store was erected here in
1852 and opened by A. J. North. Of those
who succeeded him wei'e Colonel J. K. Rhodes,
now of Lewistown, and R. L. Gambel ; the
latter sold to John Glasgow. A post-office
was established many years ago and Jacob Nor-
ton was appointed postmaster. Lewis Jones,
A. Lewis and R. L. Gambel were postmasters
prior to 1807, when John Glasgow was appoint-
ed and is still in service.
The Enterprise Sand Work.s are located
near Vineyard Station, on the Pennsylvania
Railroad. The mines were first opened in 1879
by D. S. Forgy, who erected the present Imild-
ings in 1 880 and began operations in December,
1882. The present company was organized
and leased the works on a royalty, and in April,
1883, James Macklin and W. P. Stevenson,
both members of the company, purchased the
property and the lease was continued. In 1 884
about twelve thousand tons of prepared sand
were shipped to manufacturers of glass.
The Matilda Furnace was built in 1837
on the east side of the Juniata River, opposite
Mount Union, on a tract of land then owned
by Samuel Drake, by John F. Cottrell, James
Caldwell, James Drake and Isaac Rogers, who
soon after purchased sixteen hundred and fifty
acres of land in Wayne township. The deed
for the furnace tract came to Cottrell from Drake
April 25, 1841, and describes it as being two
hundred and sixty-four acres of land in Wayne
township, Mifflin County, and Henderson town-
ship, Huntingdon County, " on which Matilda
Furnace and buildings ai'e now erected." The
furnace was named Matilda after the wife of
James Claldwell. Business was conducted by
the company until about 1851, when the prop-
erty came to Peter and John Haldeman, ot
Lancaster County. Previous to this time the
power was an overshot-wheel, turned by a
small mountain stream, and the furnace was fit-
ted for the use of charcoal. The Haldemans
erected a thirty-five horse-power engine, clianged
the fuel of the furnace from charcoal to anthra-
cite and operated it for about two years. It
then lay idle for several years and was sold to
Washington Righter as the projjerty of Peter
Haldeman. He sold it, April 1, 1865, to Grube,
Pcifter, Rober it Cxarber, of Lancaster, who re-
fitted it and operated it for six yeai's, and on the
10th of August, 1874, sold it to B. B. Thomas,
who ran it for two years. In August, 1881,
his executors sold the property to Mr. A\'hite-
side. It was abandoned during the year 1884
and is now idle.
588
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
CHAPTER VIII.
THE BOROUGH OF NEWTON HAMILTON.
The site on which Newton Hamilton bor-
ough is situated is part of a tract of land which
was warranted to Hugh Brown in 1762. At
the time of his death the ownership of this
land passed to Margaret Hamilton, in whose
possession it was before 1783, as in that year
she was assessed with sixty acres. The town
was laid out under its present name about 1802.
On the 19th of January, 1802, Margaret
Hamilton sold to Samuel McCurdy lots 28-29
" in the general plan of Newton Hamilton."
Tliey were fifty by one hundred and fifty feet,
and were on the noi-th side of Front Street.
On the 18th of April, 1803, she sold lots Nos.
57-58 to James Irvine. These lots were on the
south side of Second Street and were sixty by
one hundred and thirty feet.
Mrs. Catharine Murfin, now living in the
village, says she came, in 1826, with her parents,
John McAneer and wife, to reside near the
town. At that time there were seven log
houses at the place, occupied by John Murray,
Aquilla Burchfield (a wheelwright), John
Shafer, John McGeehan and Temple.
At this time the property unsold was in pos-
.sesion of the Moffit family — one-fourth owned
by Richard Moffit, of Stark County, Ohio;
one-fourth to James Moffit ; and one-half to
Lawrence Lavin, of New York. In February,
1828, Patrick Moffit bouglit one of the in-
terests, and in October of the same year James
Moffit bought the interest of Lawrence Lavin.
Two of the Moffits lived in a plastered house
by the spring, afterwards the site of the Sigler
mansion. From this time lots were sold. The
canal had been aurvej'ed through the place.
In 1828 Elijah Davis began a store. The next
year John Postlethwait opened a tavern oppo-
site Davis' store. It was for many years known
as the Logan House, and was later kept by
Henry Eutler, and last Ijy William Brothers.
Robert Thompson & Co. opened a store in a
building now owned by John Norton and occu-
pied as a millinery -store. Richard A. McDowel,
& Co. also had a store below Thompson's on a
lot now vacant.
John Morrison, now living in the village,
came there in 1829, and from 1840 to 1884 was
a justice of the peace. In 1830 a school was
kept by Samuel Cross, in a house that stood on
a lot, now vacant, next to the old Sigler house.
On the 24th of March, 1838, the directors of
Wayne township purchased of George Dull lots
No. 57-58, the same lots that were bought by
James Irvine in 1803. On these lots a stone
school-house was built and used many years.
June 9, 1852, the property was sold to Burr L.
Buckley. A school-house was built on the pre-
sent site before the stone house was abandoned.
The school was not separated from the township
until 1844, when the borough became an inde-
pendent district, and Samuel H. Corbitt and
John Purcell were chosen as the first school
directors. About 1836, John Sigler purchased
the property by the spriug and built the tan-
nery, which was conducted until about ten years
ago.
The following names and occupations were
taken from the assessment roll in 1836 :
Burr L. Buckley, Casper Bucher and Robert With-
erow, tailors ; Thomas Baird and William Harvey,
shingle-malcers ; Lewis Barnard, Samuel A. Corbett,
Jacob Hesser, Nathan Jones, William McAnear,
Robert A. McDowell, Thomas J. Postlethwait, Jr.,
Jos. Postlethwait, Samuel D. Postlethwait and Alfred
Walker, carpenters; John Coulter, Charles H. Knox,
Joseph Laughlin and Benjamin Norton, carriage and
wagon-makers ; Alexander Cumming, Thomas Gal-
braith and George Guss, saddlers ; Jonathan J. Cum-
ming and John C. Purcell, gentlemen ; Robert M.
Davidson, boat-builder ; James Galbraith, Winches-
ter McCarthy, William Uttley and Walter Galbraith,
teachers.
In 1845 the village contained eighty-nine
taxables, of whom Samuel Morrison, John Bols-
bach, James D. Morrison, James North, Jo-
seph C. Seckler and Robert Thompson & Co.
were merchants; John Sigler was a tanner;
Samuel Drake and John Purcell were retired ;
the latter, about 1849, built the stores and dwell-
ing near the depot, M'hich, in 1869, were pur-
chased by R. W. Kiusloe, who still continues
business at the place.
Dr. A. J. Akinson and Dr. Charles Bower
were practicing physicians; Benjamin Norton
carried on wagon making.
James Baird, Michael Cameron, James
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
589
(Jamble, William Hamilton and Jacob Norton
were blacksmiths. Josepli Bower, John Briner,
William Black, R. C Craig, Joseph S. Morrison
and John ^^^ Smith were boatmen.
John Lowry and Riley J. Richards were
cabinet-makers.
About 18'>0 John Smelker built a tannery
above the town, which was operated until about
1877, when it was abandoned. In June, 18G7,
John B. Miller purchased the property now the
Everett House and opened it as a hotel, and
whicli is still kept by him.
The bridge ^\hich was erected across the
river several years ago was swept away by the
flood of October 8, 1880, and rebuilt by G. W.
Keiffer, of Sunbury, who completed it Febru-
ary 11, 1881, at a cost of fourteen thousand
eight hundred and niuety-tive dollars.
IxcORPORATiox. — The borough of Ne\v1:ou
Hamilton ^vas erected by act of Legislature ap-
proved April 12, 1843. The first election was
held in March, 1844. John Morrison was
elected burgess, and Robert A. McDowell, Ben-
jamin Xoi'ton, John W. Smith, Samuel D. Post-
lethwait, James D. Morrison, Samuel Drake,
Charles Knox and Joseph H. Morrison were
chosen as the first Council.
The burgesses who have served since that
time are as follows :
1845.
1846.
1847.
1848.
1849.
1850.
1851.
1852.
1853.
1854.
1855.
1856.
1857.
1858.
1859.
1860.
1861.
1862.
Joseph C. Seckler.
Joseph C. Seckler.
Jonathan J. Cun-
ningham.
Jonathan J. Cun-
ningham.
John Purcell.
John Purcell.
John Purcell.
Dr. A. J.Atkinson.
Frederick Bower.
David Hester.
Thomas J. Post-
lethwait.
Robert Gamble.
Samuel Drake.
Charles Coughliiig.
David Hunter.
J. J. Brilhart.
William Hosey.
Joseph Postleth-
wait.
1866.
1867.
1808.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.
1884.
1885.
Robert L. Gamble.
J. M. Stevens.
L. L. Ellsworth.
L. L. Ellsworth.
John Van Zandt.
Samuel Norton.
Van
John Thompson.
R. JI. Kinsloe.
J. B. Miller.
J. B. Miller.
J. B. Miller.
Joseph M.
Zandt.
J. L. Hill.
Samuel Ewing.
L. B. Postlethwait.
S. H. Taylor.
L. L. Martin.
L. L. Martin.
O. S. Temple.
the township before the erection of tiie borough,
and was elected at the first borough election.
Joseph Postlethwait and John Rolib were also
cho.sen as justices.
The following-named persons have served
since that time :
1845.
J. J. Cunningham,
1868.
R. C. Craig.
Robert Witherow.
1869.
John Martin.
1849.
John Morrison.
187.3.
R. C. Craig.
1850.
James C. Giles.
1874.
John Morrison.
1852.
Samuel A. Corbett.
1878.
R. C. Craig.
1854.
John Morrison.
1879.
W. Milton Dough
1856.
Samuel Drake.
man.
1857.
J. M. Barton.
1880.
John Morrison.
1858.
John Robertson.
1884.
W. Milton Dough
1859.
John Morrison.
man.
1864.
John Morrison.
1885.
Alexander Baker.
John Morrison was a justice of the peace of
The first post office was establishetl at the
2)lace about 1836. Philip Strouse, who was then
a clerk in R. Thompson & Co.'s .store, was the
fii-st postmaster. He was succeeded by John
W. Smith, Burr L. Buckley, Rhodes & Culbert-
son, Samuel Norton, Hamilton & Norton and
B. E. Morrison, the present postmaster.
Newton Hamilton at present contains t«'o
churches (Presbyterian and Methodist), one
hotel, depot, school-house, two jjhysicians, two
printing-offices, several stores (among which are
those kept by R. M. Kinsloe & Son, John D.
Miller and John Norton, two justices of the
peace, (W. M. Doughraan and Alex. Baker), a
warehouse for grain, kept by William Ewing,
and several shops.
The Pre.*byteeiax Church of Neavtox
Hamilton was organized in the spring of 1838.
A part of the congregation of the McVeytowu
Presbyterian Church, living in and around
Newton Hamilton, presented a petition to the
Huntingdon Presbytery, April 10, 1838, ask-
ing to be organized as a separate congregation,
which was granted, and the Revs. John Peebles
and J. W. A\"oods were appointed to organize
the church. At the fiill session of the Presby-
tery in that year a call was presented by the
^^'aynesburg and Newton Hamilton congrega-
tion to the Rev. Benjamin Carroll, a licentiate
from the Philadelphia Presbytery, to become
their pastor. The call was accepted, and the
last Thursday of the month of October he was
installed as pastor. He served until October,
590
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
1844, when his resignation was accepted. On
the 8th of April, 1845, the Rev. Peter Hassin-
ger was called, and accepted the pastorates of the
churches of Newton Hamilton and McVeytowu.
He resigned in April, 1849, and was succeeded
by the Rev. David Sterrett, who was installed
the third Friday in January, 1850. He re-
signed in June, 1855, which resignation was
accejjted in October of that year. A call was
extended to the Rev. Richard H. Morrow, but
he had requested a dismissal to the Presbytery
of Iowa and was at the time there. The Rev.
David D. Clarke was called to the pastorate and
installed as pastor in June, 1856. Since that time
the following-named pastors have served the
congregation : Rev. S. W. McCune, Stephen
McCrea, N. F. Brown, Preston Barr and the
present pastor, the Rev. Geo. W. Elliot. The
first church was a frame building and was
erected in 1838 on the site now occupied. The
present building is of brick and was erected in
1868. The church has at present about one
hundred members.
The Methodist Episcopal Church. —
The congregation at this place was organized
about 1825. A frame building was erected on
the farm of Joshua Morrison. The building of
the canal in 1829 necessitated its removal a
short distance. It was occupied until the erec-
tion of a frame church building in the village
of Newton Hamilton, in 1840, which was used
until the erection of the new brick edifice in
1884. The church lot was purchased of John
Van Zandt, October 23, 1840. Among the
early pastors who served the congregation were
Jacob and Thomas I^arkin, Henry Tarrand and
Amos Smith. Of later ones were John Moor-
head, William Gwin, M. L. Smith, A. R. Mil-
ler, George Leidy, H. M. Ash, J. A. McKind-
less, A. E. Deavor, William Memminger and
the present pastor, the Rev. A. G. Baldwin.
Juniata Valley Camp-meeting Asso-
ciation.— The grounds of this society are
near the borough of Newton Hamilton, and
on the line of the Pennsylvania Railroad.
A stock company was organized in 1872,
with a capital of sixteen thousand five hun-
dred dollars, and which was incorporated A ])ril
23d, in that year. The grounds embrace thirty-
six acres, well timbered with chestnut and
maple. They were tastefully laid out and con-
venient buildings were erected upon twelve acres
of the grounds. Meetings are held upon the
grounds ten days in August of each year, and
by the directors quarterly. The present officers
are K. M. King, of Huntingdon County,
president; J. K. Rhodes, of Lewistown, secre-
tary ; D. E. Robinson, treasurer.
Newspapers. — The Newton Hamilton
Watchman, a four-column, eight-page paper,
owned and edited by B. E. Morrison, was es-
tablished by him in 1879. The first number
was issued December 25 in that year, Avith the
title Flcu Bite. It was in size five by eight, in
two columns, four pages. The name was changed
to the Watchman March 13, 1880. On June
19, 1880, it was enlarged to four columns quar-
to. On the 8th of January, 1881, it was en-
larged to eight pages, its present size.
The Newton Hamilton Standard was estab-
lished November 20, 1885, by H. C. Kinsloe as
proprietor, and H. C. Kinsloe and W. M.
Doughman, editors.
AuGHWicK Lodge, No. 472, I. O. O. F.,
was chartered in 1852, and was instituted in
the upper part of Samuel Corbet's house (now
Miller's Hotel). Later the society purchased
the property, and held their meetings there un-
til 1867, when the property was sold to John
B. Miller. Meetings were held in the second
story of John Norton's store building until the
completion of Odd-Fellows' Hall, in 1869,
which is built of brick and three stories in
height. About 1877 the hall was sold to R.
C. Craig, and the society still continues its
meetings in the third story. The society now
numbers forty-five active members.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
ROBERT M. KINSLOE.
Robert M. Kinsloe is descended from Irish
ancestors, his grandfather having been Patrick
Kinsloe, who married Dorothy West, born Oc-
tober 23, 1759. Their children were West,
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
591
born September 28, 1777 ; James, April 15th,
1779; Francis W., August 10, 1781; Mary,
May 14, 1784; Margaret, October 15, 1786;
Catharine April 4, 1789; Ann, Februarj' 15,
1792; Dorothy, July 25, 1794; Thomas, May
6, 1796. James, who was born in Juniata
County, removed in 1814 to Lewistown, where
his death occurred. He was the landlord of the
popular hotel of the place, as also farmer, school-
teacher and justice of the peace. He was mar-
opportunities at the common schools, he, in 1835,
entered the general dry-goods store of Lewis T.
Watson as clerk, and later removed to the Free-
dom Iron-Works, acting there in the same ca-
pacity for Messrs. Rawle & Hall until 1841.
He then entered the service of Messrs. Watson
& Jacobs, continuing thus employed until 1845,
when he effected an engagement with E. Locke &
Co., at Locke's IMills, in the same county. Two
years later he purchased the interest of his em-
ried to Elizabeth Martin, whose birth occurred |
September 7, 1790. Their children are
Amanda, born February 19, 1817, wife of!
John C. Sigler ; Robert Martin, September 1, '
1819; William A., March 1, 1821; J:iizabeth
A., September 6, 1824, — of whom Amanda and
Robert M. are the survivors. The latter and
the subject of this biographical sketch was born
near Lewistown, in Mifflin County, and in
j'outh became a resident of the latter borough,
where he remained until 1839. After limited
plovers and conducted the business until 1852,
when, on selling, he became the owner, by pur-
chase, of the store and property of General
James Potter, at Reedsville. This business he
carried on successfully until 1869, when, on
selling, he removed to Newton Hamilton and
embarked in general merchandising, the pur-
chase and sale of lumber, grain and other pro-
duce. In connection with this he has several
farms, over which he exercises the management.
Mr. Kinsloe was, on the 11th day of ^lay, 1841,
592
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
married to Sibella M., daughter of John H.
Bell. Their children are Emma E., wife of J.
F. Maun, born March 22, 1842; Floketta,
April 20, 1844, who died November 4, 1844;
Mary R., wife of Richard Morrison, July 30,
1846; Sibella J., September 20, 1848; Laura
A., March 19, 1850, who died April 23, 1850 ;
Henry Clay, September 13, 1852, married to
Elizabeth Doughman ; Adaline, February 15,
1855, who died August 12, 1855; James F.
M., May 25, 1856, whose death occurred Jan-
uary 20, 1857. Mrs. Kinsloe died December
12, 1858, and he was again .married, January 5,
1860, to Mary E., daughter of Roljert and Mary
Welsh, of Shippensburg, Pa., who died October
3, 1862, when he was a third time married,
January 3, 1865, to Anna E., daughter of Henry
and Mary Wharton, of ^Vayne township, Mif-
flin County. Mr. Kinsloe has been for yeai's
one of the leading business men of Mifilin Coun-
ty, and was formerly secretary and treasurer of
the Mifflin and Centre County Railroad. As a
member of the Masonic fraternity he is connect-
ed with Lewistown Lodge, No. 203, of F. and
A. M. He has, since 1842, been associated witli
the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he
was for maiiy years steward, and now holds liis
membership with the church at Newton Ham-
ilton. In politics he is a Prohibitionist, having
formerly voted the Whig and Republican tick-
et. He is not, however, active in politics, nor
an aspirant for office.
CHAPTER IX.
OLIVER TOWNSHIP.
At the October term of court, 1834, a peti-
tion was presented to the County Court of Mif-
flin County, asking for a division of Wayne
township. The court ap))oiuted David Hough,
Thomas McClure and William P. Elliott as
commissioners to view the township and report
as to the propriety of division. These commis-
sioners presented a report January 8, 1835, in
favor of division, and suggested to the court
the following course as a division line :
"Beginning at the Strode Mountain; thence north
36° west, crossing tlie Juniata River to the mouth of
Shank's Run ; thence through Joseph Langton's lane
to Jack's Mountain, and our opinions are that said
Division' is the best that can be made satisfactory to
a large majority of the inhabitants of said township
as any that can be made."
This report and opinion was confirmed at
the April session of court the same year, and
the new township was declared erected, and
named Oliver, in honor of Judge John Oliver,
long a judge of the court.
The following list is taken from the assess-
ment of 1836, and contains the names, number
of acres and occupations, except farmers, of the
townships of what are now Oliver and Bratton,
including also the borough of McVeytown :
Geo. Allen, 100 ; John Allen, 90 ; Wm. Armstrong
weaver; Michael Aulty, Jr., 200; Wm. Anderson,
115; Widow Anderson, 50; Brooks, Thomas & Co.
(furnace), 786 ; Joseph Bell. 170 ; James Bratton, 90 ;
Charles Bratton, 142 ; Elijah Bratton, 200 ; Andrew
Bratton 298, saw-mill ; Patrick Brown, blacksmith ;
James Cooper, store ; Jacob Carver, 200 ; George H.
Calbreath, 450, saw-mill, house and lot; Calbreath,
Miles & Haman, house and lot; Hanna Calbreath,
400 ; George W. Coulter, blacksmith ; Widow Mary
Coulter, .50 ; Elizabeth E. Crooks, 193 ; .Tames and
Jane Coulter, 73 ; David Criswell, 140 ; Abraham and
Adam Caufman 175, saw-mill (formerly G. Mitchell);
J. & M. Criswell, 42; James Criswell, 300, saw-mill ;
Isaac Caufman, 21 ; Christian Caufman, 270 ; Polly
Caman, 100 ; Christian McG. Caufman, 140; Joseph
Callan, 35; Martin Carney, 100 ; Andrew Caldwell's
heirs, 183; Martin Dickson, 140; Henry Dunmire,
192; George Dull, house, lot, store-house ; William
Davis, cabinet-maker; Edward Dougherty, inn-keep-
er 104; Elijah Davis, store-keeper ; Caspar Dull, 220
(transferred to Goff, Dull & Charwell), grist-mill,
clover-mill and saw-mill ; Revel Elton, blacksmith ;
William Erwin, 494 ; Robert Forgey, 150 ; Thomas
Fitts, 104; Samuel Fickes, cooper ; Peter Fike, 50;
Peter Fry, weaver; Andrew Flanigan, 50; John
Faust, weaver ; John Foster, 185 ; Thomas Glassford,
100 ; Mathias Greenawalt, shoemaker ; Jacob Goad-
ling, one-half tannery ; Henry Hall (Lyon farm)
395 ; David M. Hulings, Esq., 534, saw-mill ; John
Hatzler, 125; John and David Hatzler, 40; John
Hesser, 14; George Hoflmau, 400; Robert Hope, 120;
John Haman, store-keeper, store-house and lot ;
Hardy, Millan & Hartzler, store-keepers ; Elias AV.
Hale, 375 (the Catharine Powel tract) ; John Horn-
ing, 369 ; David Hatzler, 240 ; Jacob Hatzler's heirs,
180 ; Dr. David Hatzler, 116 on ridge ; Samuel Holli-
day, 374, grist-mill, saw-mill, distillery ; John B. Ir-
vine, 300 ; .John L. Ickes, store-keeper and inn-keeper ;
Joseph R. Hanawalt, 200 ; Joseph Jacobs, 213, house
and lot and tan-yard; Robert U. Jacobs, 42; Hugh
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
593
Johnson, tailor ; James Johnson, 150; David Jenkins,
SO; Joseph Kinsele, 892; Joshua King, 22, fulling
mill, carding-machiue ; Kinsel & Myers, 106; Chris-
tian King, 48 ; Henry Leaton, 327; George Leopold,
blacksmith, 65 ; James Langton, 100 ; David Luth,
heirs of, four lots; Joseph I. Langton, 250; Lurk &
Junkins, 45 ; James Leaton, 200 ; John Magill, 178 ;
James Mitchell, 02 ; William A. Moore, 04 ; Archi-
bald Moore's heirs, 85 ; Samuel Myers, 480 ; Alex-
ander McKee, 205 ; Robert McMonigle, 175 ; David
McKee, 202 ; Thomas McCord, 150 ; William Marks,
225 ; James McDonald, 205 ; Richard Miles, store-
keeper, house, lot and store ; James McVey, 200,
town lots; Christian Maist, 170; Henry Mullen, car-
penter ; John W. McCoy, house and lot ; John Mc-
Vey, Jr-, heirs, four lots and house ; Eliel McVey, 130 ;
Hugh McKee, 137, saw-mill ; William McVey, 860 ;
John McVey, blacksmith, 7; Jacob Masdon, 165;
John Miller, Jr., 109 ; Nicholas Miller, 286 ; Christian
Miller, weaver; Nancy Miller, 30; David Miller, 100;
George Mitchell, 210; Jacob Miller, 120; Michael
Norton, house and lot, wagon-maker; John Oliver
(judge), 350; Owen Owens, 113; Alexander McKins-
try, 190 ; George Pennypacker, 50 ; Catharine Powell,
house and lot ; Solomon Peck, carpenter, 70 ; Joseph
Price, grist-mill, saw-mill and chopping-mill, 150;
James Rickert, wheelwright ; Robert Rankin, 100 ;
Robert Robeson, 200; Peter Rhodes, 200; Joseph
Rhodes, 100; John Robison, 200; John Reil, 36; Dr.
Abraham Rothrock ; William Rook, shoemaker ;
James Robison, 250; John Reil, blacksmith, 40;
Benjamin Ross, 50 ; Jacob Ricbwine, shoemaker ;
Bastian Rhodes, 200 ; Samuel and William Ridge,
100 ; John Robb, Esq. ; Martin Steley, tailor; Daniel
Shreiner, wagon-maker; William Smith, tailor; John
Stackpole, tailor ; Thomas Smith, Esq., heirs, 500 ;
Alexander Stewart's heirs, 116; John Shade, 90; Wil-
liam and John Sbarah, coopers ; John Seaman, tailor;
Dr. L. G. Snowden ; Samuel Swigert, tailor ; Peter
Sager, 146 ; Frederick Satzler, 15 ; Abraham Stutz-
man, 160 ; Christopher Stoner, miller ; ,J. Swigert,
250 ; R. G. Stewart, 100 ; G. Trimels' heirs, 506 ; Troxel
& Myers, 2 lots, house and tannery; W. Todd, 136;
Henry Taylor, 120; Elmer Vance, 200; Benjamin
Walters, 337; William Wakefield, 190; Nathan-
iel Wilson, house and lot, cabinet-maker; William
and Randolph Wooden, blacksmiths ; John Walters,
store and house ; Augustin Wakefield, 390, saw-mill ;
George Wakefield, 200 ; Lewis Whistler, 30 ; Michael
Yutzey, 231; Daniel Yoder, 160; Christian and
Joseph Yoder, 161.
The township, as it now exists, is all on the
north side of the Juniata River, and is bounded
on the northwest by INIenno and Union town-
ships, on the northeast by Granville and on the
southwest by "Wayne township. The Juniata
River divides it from Bratton township, which
38
was a part of its territory until ISol, when it
was erected. Its territory included within its
limits the first gri.st-mill in the present Mifflin
County, that of Samuel Holliday, at McVey-
town, of which a fuller account will be found in
the sketch of that borough. Except the settle-
ment of Samuel Holliday, probably the location
of the farm now owned by William A. Moore
was the first.
On the 2d of June 1762, Robert Samuels
warranted two hundred acres of land, and in
1768 William Samuels also owned fifty acres.
Robert Samuels died in 1775, and left the prop-
erty, by will, to his sons, — William, James
and Samuel, — who sold it to Joseph Westbrook,
March 8, 1776, who conveyed it to Daniel
Depue, February 29, 1788.
On the 8th of June, 1790, Archibald
Moore, son of William Moore, who lived ad-
joining the farm, purchased of Daniel Depue
one hundred and twenty acres of this tract and
one hundred acres adjoining land which was
warranted to Levi Westbrook, January 8, 1788,
and conveyed to Joseph Westbrook the same
day. Westbrook married an Elizabeth Mc-
Kinstry and emigrated to South Carolina. Ar-
chibald JMoore lived upon the farm and died
there in 1819. Of his children are W^illiam
A. Moore, of McVeytown ; a daughter mar-
ried Richard Miles, for many years a merchant
in IMcVeytown. James McCoy, of INIcVey-
town, married a daughter.
William Moore settled in what is now Oliver
township before 1770. He joined the Conti-
nental army in the time of the Revolution, and
died in the service. His widow, Isabella, was
then living on a farm of one hundred acres,
where she resided until her death, about 1822.
They had three sons — Archibald, John and
Andrew — and two daughters, — Mary and Jane.
Archibald purchased a farm adjoining and set-
tled upon it, and died there in 1819. Marv
married Nathaniel Stanley (who owned the
Yoder farm in Bratton township), and with her
brother John emigrated to Trumbull County,
Ohio ; Andrew died young ; Jane married
Henry Wilson and settled upon the home-farm,
which is now owned by their sons, Emory and
Ambrose.
594
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Jacobus Gonzales, a Spaniard, about 1776
purchased two hundred and thirty acres of land
of Marshall Stanley. The tract was warranted
to Adam Coon, December 15, 1766, and sold
by him to Marshall Stanley in 1774. Stanley
lived on the other side of the river, in what
is now Bratton. Gonzales died in 1787,
and left the property to his family, consisting
of his wife, Sarah, and sous, Daniel, Jacobus,
James and daughter Sarah, wife of Jonathan
Howit. On the 6th of April, 1795, the execu-
tors sold the farm to John Vance, who settled
upon it. Nancy Macklin, daughter of James
Macklin, married one of these sons, and after
the sale the family moved to Ohio. John
Vance purchased an adjoining tract of Freder-
ick McKittrich. On this farm he lived and
died. Judge James Criswell married his
daughter Anna, John Horning married Eliza-
beth, Thomas Mitchell married Margaret and
Ellen remained single. The farm is now owned
by Lasher Bratton's heirs.
John Oliver, a native of Ireland, was born in
1752, and emigrated to this country when a
young man. In 1780 he was a school-teacher
in Wayne township (now Oliver). He married,
in 1782, Margaret, a daughter of James Lyon,
who lived at the place now known as Anderson
Station, Granville township. He was appointed
associate justice of the courts of Mifflin County,
and in January, 1794, first occupied the bench,
and continued there until November, 1837. He
died at the homestead February 9, 1841, aged
eighty-nine years, and his wife followed him June
8, 1847, aged eighty-six years. Soon after his
marriage, in 1783, he purchased two hundred
and fifty acres of land, and on April 10, 1795,
purchased one hundred acres adjoining John
Brown's land. This last was part of a tract of
three hundred and one acres which was war-
ranted March 31, 1769. He lived upon the
farm all his days, and it came into the possession
of his son, John Oliver, and passed to his son,
John S. Oliver, who resided there until a few
years since, when it was sold to Bishop,
who now owns it. John and Margaret Oliver
had twelve children, — James, Rachel, Elizabeth,
Nancy, Margaret, Jane, Mary, John, Margery,
George W., Sidney I. and Andrew W. James
lived the most of his life in Shirleysburg, and
died on the homestead December 4, 1851, aged
seventy years. Rachel, Elizabeth and Nancy
married, respectively, three brothers, John,
Joseph and Samuel Campbell, and all settled in
Union township. Margaret became the wife of
the Rev. Joshua Laughran ; settled in Washing-
ton County, Pa., where she died October 30,
1853, aged sixty-four years. Jane married John
Campbell, a cousin of the three brothers of the
same name. Mary lived at the old home, and
died unmarried February 24, 1876, aged eighty-
four years. John married Esther E. Strode, a
daughter of William Strode, of Strode's Mills ,■
settled on the homestead and died there October
16, 1840, aged forty-five years. Margaret died
at McVeytown February 18, 1882, aged eighty-
four years. George W. settled on a part of the
homestead tract, and died there September 9,
1849, aged forty-nine years. Sidney I. married
George Lyon, and is bow living at McVeytown.
Andrew W. emigrated to Minnesota, and died
in Minneapolis April 1, 1875, aged eighty-two
years.
Robert Forgy emigrated to this country about
1772. He was a weaver by trade, and came to
what is now Bratton township, to the house of
John Beatty, who was also a weaver, and car-
ried on the business. He married Elizabeth,
the daughter of his employer, and purchased
one hundred and sixty-eight acres in what is
now Oliver township and settled there, and
where he died. He had six sons, — William,
who died on the homestead ; John, who settled
in Ohio, and James, who settled on the home-
stead and died there, leaving the farm to his son
Robert, who now owns it. Robert, Sr., pur-
chased the old Wilkie farm, and now resides
upon it. David and Adam died young. Of
the daughters, Mary married a John Jacobs and
emigrated West. Jane became the wife of Da-
vid Coulter, and settled on the Coulter farm,
now owned by the heirs of Henry Garver.
Richard Coulter in 1783 was in possession of
two hundred acres. He died before 1793, aud
his property fell to his two sons, Joseph and
David. Joseph lived on a farm near McVey-
town, where his son Joseph run a tannery.
David married Mary, the daughter of Robert
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
595
Forgy, and settled oii the hoaiesteatl. His sons
were, Joseph, David, James aud Benjamin.
The farm is now owned by Reuben T. Bratton
and Albert Horning.
A part of the land (one hundred and ninety
acres) owned by David Coulter at his death was
sold by his heirs, April 15, 1830, to James
Crisswell. It was patented in 1789 to James
Sterrett as "Day Spring," and was sold to Da-
vid Coulter March 7, 180o.
John Allen located at first fifty acres of land,
which he owned in 1782. On September 4,
1792, he warranted two hundred acres and in
179.3 he owned three hundred acres. A part of
this was in Long Hollow, Wayne township,
which, in 1799, he sold to James Stackpole.
The farm on which he resided is now owned by
Musser. John Allen had five sons, —
William, James, Robert, (xcorge and Christian.
William and Robert emigrated to the West ;
James moved to Lancaster ; George settled on
the homestead, where he remained until 1851,
when he sold the farm and moved to Indiana,
where he died. Christian settled in Centre
County, where he still resides. He also had
several daughters, who married and moved to
other places.
Alexander Stewart, in 1768, was in posses-
sion of one hundred acres of land and James
Stewart of four hundred acres. In 1783 Alex-
ander and Archibald Stewart each were assessed
on two hundred acres and James on one hundred
and seventy. On the 28th of February, 1785,
Alexander warranted two hundred acres of land
and on the 30th of January, 1787, Archibald
warranted three hundred acres. Alexander
Stuart (probably the one who warranted two
hundred acres in 1785) died in 1825, leaving
five hundred acres. His oldest son was John ;
his other children were Sarah, Susanna, Rebecca,
Joseph, William and James ; the latter is still
living, below McVeytowu. The homestead
farm is now owned by Manuel Bieler.
John Rankin, in 1783, owned one hundred
and eighty-five acres where Samuel Geerhart
no\v lives, two miles above McVeytown, on the
road to Long Hollow. He had a son Robert,
who lived and died on the property, and two
daughters, Mary and Polly.
Matthew Wakefield, in 1768, was a-ssessed on
one hundred acres of land then in Derry town-
ship (now Oliver). In 178.j, the first year after
Wayne was erected, he owned two hundred and
twenty-two acres, and John Wakefield, his son,
one hundred acres, and in 1790 John wasin pos-
session of two hundred and twenty-six acres and
a saw-mill. He died in 1793 and left two sons,
William and George, and a daughter, Sarah,
who married John McVey, the founder of Mc-
Veytown, to whom the property came. William
settled on part of the farm and died in 1825.
The property is now owned by John Horning.
His children were Mary Strode, Hester Gra-
ham, Rachel Brown and Matthew and William.
George Wakefield settled on the homestead
aud died in 1827. His sons were John, Augus-
tine, Rebecca, Eli and George. Augustine
settled on the home farm where his son, George
C. Wakefield, and his daughter, Mrs. Harriet
Stine, now reside. Eli settled in Shirley on a
farm given him by his father. George settled
on a form in Bratton township which his father
bought of George Bratton. It is now owned
by M. B. and George M. Wakefield, sons of
George.
William Robison, before 1780, owned two
hundred acres of land, and in 1793 he was in
possession of four hundred acres. The farm was
adjoining the Huston farm (later Michael
Horning's). He died before 1800 and left the
farm to his three sons, — John, Robert and M'il-
liam. John settled on the homestead and died
there. The farm is now owned by the Dull
estate.
Robert Elliot lived in Ferguson Valley, on
thirty acres, before 1780, and John Elliot was
in possession of four hundred and seventy-five
acres. Robert still lived there in 1793 on one
hundred and fifty acres. The farm long since
passed to others, aud is now owned by the Swi-
gerts and Kinsel.
Benjamin Walters, about 1790, came to this
section of country and purchased four hun-
dred and fifty acres of land, embracing the hills
and valley on which is the ore-bank. He built
upon the hill and set out an orchard, still known
as the Walters orchard. He marrial Catha-
rine, a daughter of Caspar Dull, and moved to
596
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the valley and built the liouse now owned and
occupied by Peter Myers. In 1818 he bought
a lot in McVeytown, on the river-bank below
the hotel, and built there a grain and ware-
house. His sou John succeeded him in the
business, erecting a stone house adjoining and
above his father's. A daughter married John
MeVey, Jr. ; they lived in the Couch house on
the Diamond. Mrs. Couch is a daughter.
Another daughter married Jacob Goodling, a
tanner, who carried on business in McVeytown
tor many years. Of other sons wei'e Caspar,
Benjamin, Lewis and Harvey. Benjamin, the
father, died in McVeytown, at the house of his
daughter, Mrs. John McVey.
On the 25th of December, 1827, Benjamin
Walters leased to Isaac Fisher the right to dig
iron-ore and to cartr it away ; also to build a fur-
nace on the property. The price was one cent
quit-rent, to be paid the 1st of April, if de-
manded, and one hundred dollars per year for
every year ore was mined. Thirty acres of the
tract was mentioned as containing a bank of iron-
ore.
The Brooklaud Furnace was built in 1835, on
a tract of land adjoining and below the Walters
tract. A small amount of ore was taken from
the farm mentioned above, but it was not
thought of sufficient account to make further
effort, and during the time the furnace was op-
erated the ore was mostly obtained from other
sources. Some years after it was abandoned,
General John Ross, of McVeytown, opened a
drift, since which time it has been worked to
considerable extent by different parties, and the
drifts extend into the hills four or five hundred
feet. The property now belongs to Mi's. Dr.
O'Connor, of Harrisburg.
George Mitchell, a son of the George Mitchell
Avho lived in what is now Bratton township,
purchased a farm about two miles above McVey-
town. His sons were George, Thomas, William
and James, and a daughter, Mary, who married
Irwin Coulter. George lived in various places
in the township. Rev. ThomjDson Mitchell is
a son. Thomas settled on part of his father's
farm. His son George was a physician and
died in the Big Valley. A sketch of him will
be found in the Medical chapter. James set-
tled on the home farm and died unmarried.
Reuben E. Bratton now owns the property.
James Stackpole, a son of James Stackpole,
of Carlisle, warranted two hundred acres of
land one mile east of Wayuesburg, July 31,
1786, on which he settled. He married Dor-
cas Elizabeth, the daughter of Thomas Holt,
who resided on the tract afterwards known as
Hope Furnace. At this place he built a dwell-
ing-house, which, in 1792, he opened as a tav-
ern. He later j^ni'chased a tract of land in
Long Hollow, over against the hills. He died
early in the century, and Dorcas, his wife,
lived many years after and is well remembered
by many. They had three sons and two
daughters, — James, Thomas, John, Margaret
and Mary.
James (2) had three sous, — William, James
and Henry H.
William died in Lewistown.
James died in Nashville, Tenn. His sons,
G. F. and J. S. Stackpole, are the editors of the
Gazette in Lewistown.
Henry H. resides in Harrisburg and has
charge of the public buildings.
Thomas, son of James (2), moved to Schuyl-
kill County.
John, also son of James (2), died at McVey-
town.
Mrs. E. Conrad is a daughter.
Margaret became the wife of John M.
Barton.
John Culbertson, in 1783, was in possession
of two hundred acres of land, and in 1790 was
assessed on that amount of land and a full-
ing-mill, in 1793 on a grist and saw-mill.
In 1799 he erected on the place the most sub-
stantial and best-finished stone house in the
county at the time, which still stands. He was
elected a justice of the peace and served for
many years. He died before 1813. Mary
Culbertson, his widow, as administratrix,
February of that year, advertised for rent
the " Fulling-Mill Place," having two hun-
dred acres, fulling-mill and tan-mill; also,
half the tract called " New Mills," includ-
ing the grist and saw-mills. The Fulling-
Mill Place is now owned by Elliott Rhodes.
The last was the homestead and is one mile
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
597
west of McVeytowD. John Culbertson left no
children, and Mrs. Culbertson died soon after
his death, and the property was left to his sis-
ters,— Mrs. Patrick Leister and Mrs. Foster.
In 1818 the home farm was sold to William
Armstrong and David Criswell. It has passed
through many hands and is now owned by Mrs.
David Stine, of McVeytown.
Robert Crawford, in 178.3, lived on a farm
of one hundred and fifty acres, now owned by
the Brattons and Forgys. His son Moses
lived on the property for several years and sold
to others.
Thomas Collins was a shoemaker, and,
in 1783, lived on a farm of sixty acres, at
the foot of the mountain, back of the Hana-
walt property. In 1793 he ovv'ned one hundred
acres. His son John married Elizabeth Jen-
kins, daughter of David Jenkins, grandfather
of David Jenkins, now living on the Juniata
River.
On the 2d of September, 1785, Hector Gal-
braitli warranted three hundred acres of land, a
part of which was sold to his son George, who,
in 1790, was assessed on four hundred acres of
land and a saw-mill. September 4, 1792,
George warranted two hundred acres of land
and lived upon this farm until 1805, when he
moved to ]McVeytown and built a tavern-
stand on the corner opposite Ross' Hotel, now
a vacant lot. A further account of George
GalbraitJi will be found in McVe^'town. A
portion of laud taken up by him and his father
passed to Joseph Kinsell, whose son Michael
now owns part. George Galbraith, a son by
the second wife, lived and died on the home-
stead now owned by his daughter, Mrs. Retta
Clarke. The original furnace tract on which
Brookland Furnace was erected was from the
Hector Galbraith tract. It stood on the site
of Peter Myers' grist-mill, which was built in
1872.
James Huston lived in Potter township, but
had purchased a tract of two hundred acres of
land before 1783, and in 1790 the estate con-
tained three hundred and fifty acres. He had
several sons — William, James, John, Joseph,
Samuel and several daughters. William Hus-
ton, one of the sons of James Huston, Sr., war-
ranted one hundred acres February 28, 1787,
and four hundred acres February 8, 1794. The
tract of James Huston was sold in 1790 l)y the
heirs to James Huston, one of the sons. A trai't
of one hundred and forty-eight acres was pat-
ented by him April 6, 1804, which, on the 25th
of the same month, was conveyed to Michael
Horning, who sold it to his son John, March
14, 1821. At the time of Michael Horning's
purchase it was adjoining lands of John Oliver,
John Robert and William Robinson.
Henry Dunmire came to Greenwood township,
Mifflin County (now Juniata), and on the lOtli
of May, 1802, purchased of Henry Drinker
ninety-nine acres of land on the heads of Cocola-
mus Creek, where he lived a few years, and
moved to Wayne township (now Oliver), and
purchased one hundred and sixty-three acres of
William and John Taylor, adjoining lands of
John Swigert, George Galbraith and William
Lewis. On this place he lived till his death.
He had four sous, — Gabriel, who lived for some
years in Ferguson Valley, but since 1870 on the
homestead farm ; Daniel ; Michael, who removed
to Clarion County; and John, who settled in
Ferguson Valley.
A part of the George Galbraith farm (one
hundred and thirty-two acres) was purchased
August 13, 1820, by Joseph Kinsell, who, Sep-
tember 25, 1833, purchased two hundred and
twelve acres adjoining the Galbraith land, and
April 1, 1834, purchased of Henry Hanawalt,
administrator of George Hanawalt, two hun-
dred and thirty acres additional. This land is
now in part owned by Michael Kinsell, his son.
Jacob, another son, settled on a part for several
yetu's and moved West.
Plenry Hanawalt warranted, October 31,
1785, three hundred acres of land, and Novem-
ber 21, 1792, one hundred acres. This laud
was in what is now Oliver township, adjoining
the George Galbraith tract. Henry Hanawalt
died in 1794 and left two sons, George and
John, who, in April, 1802, purchased a tract of
land in what is now Wayne township of the
heirs of James Ross. John removed to that
place and George remainetl on the home farm.
The property was divided in April, 1821, and
each remained where they were living. John
598
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
died in 1829 and George in 1832. The latter
left five hundred and fifty acres of land and a
widow, Catharine, and children, — Margaret
(Mrs. Hugh MoKee), Ann (Mrs. George
Leapold), Susanna, Joseph and James.
John Swigert, on May 29, 1792, bought one
hundred and fifty acres of land of William
Harper, adjoining land of Widow Taylor and
James Bratton. It was described as being in
the upper end of John Brown's Narrows along,
Jack's Mountain. He purchased lands in what
is now Oliver township also, and in 183G a John
Swigert was assessed on two hundred and fifty
acres. Peter and Christian Swigert also were
living in Ferguson Valley. Peter sold his land
to John Allen, brother of George, who died
there. John had several sons, of whom two
now live on and near the homestead. Chris-
tian's sons also live in the valley.
Brookland Furnace. — The laiid on which
the furnace was erected was part of a tract
which was warranted February 2, 1785, to Hec-
tor Galbraith and sold by him to George Gal-
braith, who, January 7, 1822, sold it to William
Wakefield. The firm of Charles Brooks & Co.
was formed for the purpose of erecting a fur-
nace and manufacturing iron, and was composed
of Charles and Clement Brooks, of Chester
County, and Jesse Thomas, of Mifflin County.
Charles Brooks (for the firm) purchased one
hundred and fifteen acres of the tract mentioned
above and twenty-five acres adjoining on the
14th of April, 1835. Later they purchased
thirty-one acres of Samuel Holliday and the
Greenwood ore-banks, in Union townshij), and
several ore-riglits within a few miles of the fur-
nace. The furnace was built on the one hun-
dred and fifteen acres. Ore was brought by six-
horse teams from the Big Valley. William Fat-
ten became the manager. The iron manufac-
tured was mostly sent to Harjier's Ferry, where
it was used in the manufacture of gun -barrels
and wire.
The furnace property passed to Michael
Crisswell & Co. in 1840, who, in 1843, built
the Ellen Forge, below the site of the old Holli-
day Mill. They operated the furnace and forge
about a year and leased it to R. Allen & Co.,
who discontinued in winter of 1848—49 and sold
tiie material and tools February 14, 1849. The
property was sold, April 5, 1849, to Horatio N.
Burroughs, of Philadeljjhia, who, in 1854, leased
to Huntington, Robinson & Co., of New York.
William Green, from Cumberland County, be-
came manager. In 1856 this firm built an ad-
dition to the forge for a rolling-mill and put in
a set of muck-rolls, a hammer, a pair of squeezers
and three puddling furnaces. With this equip-
ment they made muck-bars and continued fur-
nace, forge and rolling-mill until 1861, when
they abandoned it, as the expense of hauling
ore was too great ; and although good ore was
within almost a stone's throw of the furnace, it
was not then known. The next year the forge
was refitted by Mitchell & Clouser, who operated
it for a year, working up the slag, since M'hich
the furnace and forge have been abandoned.
Mr. Burroughs sold the furnace property,
April 1, 1856, to the Juniata Iron Company,
who, August 2, 1859, were sold out by the
sheriff", and Mr. Burroughs became the purchaser,
and sold the property in small parcels from time
to time. The site of the furnace stack was pur-
chased by Peter Myers October 9, 1874, who
erected a grist-mill, which is still in operation.
It is a singular fact that the ore used at this
furnace was brought from Big Valley at consid-
erable expense, when later researches have re-
vealed good ore on the original furnace tract,
which has largely been used by furnaces sine*
that time.
Bradley & Dui.l's Sand-Works are lo-
cated on the creek to the northwest of McVey-
town. The first sand taken from the hill for use
in the manufacture of glass was in 1868, when
J. R. Wirt, Edmund Davis and General John
Ross mined a car-load and shipped it to Pitts-
burgh. In 1870, Bradley & Dull, the present
proprietors, began operations and have increased
their capacity from time to time as the demand
increased, until in 1884 there was shipped from
the works over eighteen thousand tons of clean-
washed sand. They began drifting in 1870,
and at present have six drifts, with numerous
side-cuts. These drifts are three above and
three below and parallel about eight hundred
feet into the hill. The sand from the upper
drills is dumped into the lower drifts, loaded on
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
599
cars, drawn by mules to the station, where they
are drawn up an incline to the two crushers,
which each consist of two very heavy revolving
wheels, under which the sand passes. It is then
carried to a revolving iron sieve. As the
sand falls into a trough it is carried by spiral
conveyers througii water to the top of the
building, when it is thoroughly clean. After
draining, it is placed upon dryers, which are pipes
heated by steam, where it is thoroughly dried
and ready for shij)ment and as white as flour.
In the early days of these operations tlie .sand
was washed in a circular tub, with a stir-paddle
worked by steam. In 1871 washing in troughs
was begun. In 1882 the water-power was
erected at the canal and the power transmitted
tjy wire one thousand feet from tlie canal to the
works.
Dull & Wilson's Sand- Works. — A little
southwest of McVeytown, on land of D.
M. Dull, John McGuire leased, in 1876, a
small tract and opened a sand-bank, which he
continued in a small way a year or two and re-
leased to Miller, of Huntingdon. In 1880
Dull & Wilson, the present pi-oprietors, took
possession and began mining on a larger scale.
The drifts are in a westerly course and are
between five hundred and six hundred feet in
length. About six thousand tons were shipped
in 1884.
The history of the Brethren Church of Oliver
township will be found embraced in an article
in Derry township on the society in Mifflin
County.
LoCKPORT. — The place now known as Lock-
port or Three Locks lies at the mouth of Brights-
field or Strode's Run. A short distance above,
on the Juniata River, where Strunk's mill now
stands there had been a settlement for many
years, at the place under the name of Willis'
Mill. In 1829-30 three locks were built
along the canal at this place and a lock-house.
Owen Owens was for several years in charge and
owned a lot there. About 18.30 a Methodist
Society wa.s formed in the neighborhood by the
Rev. Jas. Stevens, and meetings were held in
Mr. Owens' house for a time. In 1832 the
society purchased the lot of Mr. Owens and
erected the present stone church. The society
was under the charge of the Baltimore Confer-
ence for many years and was supplied by cir-
cuit preachers, among whom were Henry Taring
and Peter McAuly. It now belongs to the
Central Pennsylvania Conference, and this
church and the Granville Church are supplied
every other Sunday, one in the morning the
other in the evening. In 1833 Owen Owens
erected at the Three Locks a store, which he
kept until May 9, 1835, when S. F. & G. A.
Green purchased and run ; they also built on
the canal a warehouse for storing grain and
merchandise. This firm dissolved in November
of that year and business M'as discontinued.
A Baptist Society was organized in 1840 and
woi'shipped part of the time in the Methodist
Church and part in the store then kept by John
Ickes. In 1842 they purchased a lot of Robert
Hope and erected a church edifice, which is still
used. Of the pastors who have served are the
Revs. David Williams, A. B. Stills, W. B.
Purdy, J. L. Holmes, S. K. Boyer, George W.
Coulter, Black and D. W. Hunter, who
closed his pastorate in 1883. The church has
a membership of forty and a flourishing Sunday-
school. Samuel Strong keeps a store at Lock-
port at present.
Strode's Mills is located above Lockport.
An account of the occupancy of the land by
the Strodes will be found in Granville town-
ship. The store and post-office is in Oliver.
In 1836 John Ickes, who married a sister of
Joseph Strode, kept a store at the place, and in
1840 moved to Lockport. Joseph Strode now
keeps the store and post-office.
Schools. — The first school-house of which
anything definite is known was at Sti'ode's
Mills, where Robert Cooper taught between
1808 and 1810. He had taught in Lewistown,
and came to this place and died here. Martin
Brown taught after him. The school-house
was built of logs and close against Chestnut
Ridge.
As early as 1818 a school-house was built on
the "Fulling Mill Place" of John Culbertson.
A log school-house was on the Stewart farm
(now INIanuel Bicler's) before 1812. AV^illiam
A. Moore attended school at the house in that
year. On the 25th of January, 1820, Michael
600
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Horning sold to School Trustees John N. Gra-
ham, John Horning, John Robison, William
Marsden, John Oliver, William and George
Wakefield and James Crisswell a lot of land
from his farm, " for the purpose of erecting a
school-house thereon, which house is to be used
as a school-house, with liberty for people to
meet and sing therein, and also liberty for
preachers of any or every denomination freely
to preach therein, and for no other purpose."
A house was erected and used many years.
This township was formed in January, 1835,
and in May of that year Richard Miles and
John Haman, who were the school directors,
advertised for proposals for teachers until the
20th of May, when they would meet at the
house of Mrs. Lusk, in McVeytown, to con-
tract with teachers. The school districts, as
taken from Wayne township, were No. 2 at
Swigert's, No. 4 at McVeytown, No. 5 at INIit-
chell's. No. 9 at McKiustry's and No. 10 at
McKee's.
McVeytown borough became separated from
Oliver township in its schools in 1842. The
township at present contains nine schools and
two hundred and eighty-three pupils attending.
The justices of the peace who have served the
township since 1845 are as follows :
1845. Charles Bratton.
William Irwin.
1846. Henry Leattor.
1850. Samuel B. Lower.
1851. William Irwin.
1856. George Leopold.
1857. John McKee.
1859. John Dunmire.
1860. Samuel Horning.
1861. Thomas Mayes.
1862. Moses Gillespie.
1866. Moses Gillespie.
1867. Samuel Bratton.
1868. Moses Gillespie.
1869. James Rhodes.
1870. Robert Forgy.
1871. Moses Gillespie.
1872. John Ream.
1873. Joseph Strode.
1874. David Decker.
1875. Adam LefFord.
1876. Owen Wagner.
H. McCormick.
1877. Mason White.
1879. Daniel Decker.
1880. Robt.MoCormick.
Peter Ream.
1881. Uriah Manbeck.
1882. Austin Gro.
1883. Austin Gro.
J. E. Stine.
1884. Osman Whitworth.
Henry Cornelius.
1885. Joseph Hardeshell.
CHAPTER X.
THE BOROUGH OF McVEYTOWN.
The settlement of this place was begun by
Samuel Holliday in 1755, but it was not until
1762 that he settled permanently, and not until
1795 that the town of Waynesbui-g (now Mc-
Veytown) was laid out. In the latter year
John McVey lived adjoining and above the
Holliday tract, and it was by him the land was
owned and the town founded. In the enlarge-
ment of the borough, in 1842, the Holliday
mill property was embraced in its limits.
Samuel, Adam, John and William Holliday,
and two sisters, Elizabeth and Nancy, the latter
of whom became the wife of Andrew Bratton,
emigrated to this country about 1745 and lo-
cated on the " Manor," in Lancaster County,
and later moved to Conococheague, in what is
now Franklin County, from which place John
removed to Path Valley, where he lived and
died. Adam and William took up land at the
site of the town of Hollidaysburg, and from
him that borough took its name. Samuel Hol-
liday and Andrew Bratton early in 1755, and
just after the new purchase of the Indians, went
out into that region to search for lands on which
to settle. After deciding upon the land, they
made application to the Land-Office, then in
Philadelphia, and in the year 1755 received
their warrants — Bratton in what is now Brat-
ton township, and Holliday at what is now
McVeytown and vicinity.
At the time of their settlement all the sur-
rounding region of territory was in Cumberland
County and in the unorganized district north
and west of Lack township, which then em-
braced all of what is now Juniata County.
Upon this tract which Holliday located he
built a log house at the site of Troxell's tannery,
intending to settle there, but soon after, the In-
dian troubles, consequent upon the defeat of
Braddock in Western Pennsylvania, broke out,
and the fact that the Indians were attacking and
miu'dering the white settlers wherever found in
the vicinity led Holliday and Bratton, with all
others who had settled in the new purchase, to
flee for safety to some of the larger settlements,
mostly south of the Blue Ridge. It was not
until about 1762 that the troubles were so far
abated as to warrant a safe return to their lands
from which they had fled. At this time they
brought with them their families.
Samuel Holliday erected, soon after his re-
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
601
turn, a grist-mill on the site of Troxell's tan-
nery office and butcher-shop, on the Juniata
River, at the mouth of JNIattawana Creek. The
dam was below the present sand-works, the race
was on the upper or south side of the creek,
and where the road now passes down and over
the canal.
The township of Derry was erected in July,
1767, and embraced all of what i.s now Mifflin
County. The first assessment of the township
was made in 1768, and at that time the only
grist-mill and saw-mill assessed in the township
(now Mifflin County) was the propert}' of
Samuel Holliday. His nearest neighbor was
Andrew Bratton, his brother-in-law, who lived
up the river on the opposite side. Holliday
made ajiplication to the Land Office and obtained
a warrant, dated October 25, 1774, for one hun-
dred acres, and one on May 7, 1788, for two
hundred and eighty acres, and, April 5, 1792,
one for twenty-live acres. This land was ad-
joining his other property below.
The proprietaries issued a warrant October 13,
1760, requiring the surveyor-general to survey,
for their own use, all the islands in the several
rivers and creeks in the province. In accord-
ance with that order, the island in the Juniata
River, opposite McVeytown, was surveyed
August 17, 1767, and is described as "at a
place called the Matliawauna Cabins, opposite
to Holliday's mill in the county of Cumber-
land." It contained at that time thirty-eight
acres and fifty perches, with allowance for roads.
The island was granted to Samuel Holliday,
by patent, August 17, 1770, for which he paid
sixty-one pounds and ten shillings, with a quit-
rent of one half-i^enny, to be paid ujron the 1st
day of March in every year. The island at
present contains about thirty-five acres, and be-
longs to the Dull estate.
John McVey, the founder of Waynesburg
(now McVeytown), in 1787 located a tract con-
taining two hundred acres, adjoining Holliday's
land, and along the river above. He built a
log house on property now belonging to A. Lef-
ford. James Stackpole had settled below him,
and on the hill, a year previously. Hector and
George Galbraith, also adjoining his property
inland, had settled in 1785. Others had settled
farther away much earlier, of which mention is
made in Oliver township.
lu 1790, Samuel Holliday was a.ssessod on
two hundred acres of land, three horses, three
cows, one negro and a grist-mill. In March of
that year a petition was presented to the court of
Mifflin County (then just organized), asking for
a road from Samuel Holliday's mill to intersect
the road leading from Summerville's mill to the
State road leading to Siding Hill. This was
probably the first road cut from the place now
McVeytown. Holliday, soon after this, estab-
lished a ferry across the river, below the island.
He operated the mills and ferry at this place
until his death, in 1882. He married Sarah
Campbell, who survived him. They had seven
children — John, .James, Adam, Michael, Samuel,
Rebecca and Jane ; the last-named died before
her father and was the wife of Thomas Provines.
The property, at the time of his death, consisted
of theisland of thirty-eight acres(now thirty-five)
and two hundred acres adjoining the village of
Waynesburg, a merchant grist-mill, saw-mill,
distillery, dwelling-house, barn and two bearing
orchards. It was described as being on a stream
where boats "can load and go down the river
Juniata, and was also on the road from Harris-
burg to Pittsburgh." The property was adver-
tised for sale September 26th in that year. The
mills were sold to Samuel Holliday, a son, and
Andrew Bratton, June 1, 1813, who operated
them for several years, when Andrew Bratton
sold his interest and moved to the Bratton farm.
The grist-mill was abandoned before the canal
was dug, and a new one was erected by Samuel
Holliday, on the opposite side of the creek and
above, which was used by him for many years.
In 1867 it was owned by C. & C. P. Dull, who in
that year built an addition to the east end and
fitted it up for the manufacture of straw-board
and wrapping-paper, and operated the mill and
paper-mill until its destruction by fire, June 1,
1870. The ruins and stack are still standing.
The old saw-mill stood near the canal and has
long since disappeared. The Holliday property
passed to James Crisswell, and is now mostly
owned by the Dull estate.
The site of McVeytown was taken up by
John McVey, who received a warrant for two
€02
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
hundred acres of land, dated July 9, 1787, on
the Juniata River, adjoining Samuel Holliday.
In 1790 he was assessed on two hundred and
fifty acres and his brother Enoch on one hun-
dred acres, his son William on fifty acres. The
place is mentioned as A\'^aynesburg in road and
other records as early as 1795. In 1797 Enoch
McVey bought of his brother a lot in " Wayne-
burg" which John bought again, August 18,
1800, for six hundred dollars. The village plot
was laid out about 1795, and the lot Enoch
bought was on the Diamond and the house he
built was the south part of the stone house now
occupied as a grocery and dwelling, long known
as the Swanzey property. Enoch, soon after the
sale, went West.
John McVey married Sarah, the daughter of
Matthew Wakefield, who settled below on the
river before 1768. Their children were Wil-
liam, John, Rachel, Sarah, Eliel, Elijah and
Mary.
William married Rebecca, the daughter of
George Mitchell. He built a grist-mill and
fulling-mill on the run at the upper end of the
town about 1807, which was destroyed by fire
about 1825, after which he removed to a part of
the Mitchell farm, where he died.
John McVey, Jr., married Margaret, the
daughter of Benjamin Walters, and settled in
the village. In 1823 he built Couch Hall on
the Diamond, which he opened as a tavern, and
where he died in 1826. His daughter, Mrs.
Couch, now owns and occupies the house.
Rachel McVey married Joseph Jacobs, who
was a tanner, and built a tannery on the McVey
farm outside of the limits of the village. Later
Joseph and Urie Jacobs purchased the McVey
farm of the heirs of John McVey.
Sarah McVey married Major Lewis Bond,
who came from Northumberland and lived at
McVey town for several years before the death
of his father-in-law, and after which he settled
up the estate and moved to a farm near Newton
Hamilton, where his wife died, after which he
moved West.
Eliel settled on a farm above the place
known as Frogtown. He owned property
also in the village. Elijah settled on a farm
above Newton Hamilton and died there. His
father in his later days resided with him and
died there about 1824, over seventy-seven yeara
of age.
Mary McVey, the youngest child, was born
in 1799 and is now living in McVeytown, a
short distance from where she was born. She
married Royal Humphrey, who was for many
years engaged with the canal company.
In the year 1800 there were but few buildings
at the place called Waynesburg. Benjamin
Walters owned a lot on Front Street, and in
1818 he purchased a lot of John McVey, on
the river side of Front Street (now Water), be-
tween the river bridge and the hotel. He built
on the latter lot a log dwelling-house down in
the hollow and a frame warehouse. From this
warehouse grain was loaded into boats by means
of a spout. His sou, John, succeeded him, and
built a stone warehouse and carried on the
business for many years. Benjamin Walters
had lived on the farm, one mile west of Waynes-
burg, previous to his residence in the j)lace, and
in his old age returned to the valley and built
the house now owned and occupied by Peter
Myers, where his wife died. His daughter
Margaret married John McVey, Jr., at whose
house he died.
Of the early settlers in McVeytown who ex-
erted a marked influence upon the place, and
whose descendants have also been and are still in
business, was Casper Dull, who came to Wayne
township about 1783. Early records show
that, August 27, 1739, Casper, Christian
and Sebastian Dull sailed from Rotterdam in
the ship " Samuel," Hugh Percy, Captain, and
landed at Philadelphia. They were natives of
Mainz, on the Rhine, in the Grand Duchy of
Hesse Darmstadt, Germany. Casper, the father
of the one who came to this section, settled in
Montgomery County, near the old Trappe
Tavern, and it is thought he was at one time
the landlord of that famous hostelry. In this
locality he lived and died. Of his children,
we have the names of Christian, Casper and
Abraham. Christian Dull was a soldier of the
Revolution and commanded a company in
Colonel John Moore's battalion of Philadel-
phia County Associators, which was in service
at Brandywine and Germantown. He lived
^^^^/1L^^^ ^^^^(^
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
603
and died at the Trappe, and left a large family.
Abraham Dull settled in Plainfield township,
Northampton County, where he took up a large
tract of land. He was an ensign in Colo-
nel Arthur St. Clair's (Second Pennsylvania)
battalion of the Continental Line, and served
in the Canada campaign of 1776. He was a
man of prominence and influence in the notable
events following the struggle for independence.
The other son, Casper Dull, was born June 11,
1 748, and was also a soldier of the Revolution.
He was cornet (second lieutenant) of the Light
Dragoons for the county of Philadelphia, con-
nected with the associated battalions; sub-
sequently promoted lieutenant, November 20,
1777, and then captain, Sei^tember 10, 1778.
liike the majority of the officers of the army of
tiie Revolution, he came out the poorer, im-
])overishing himself by liberal advances of
money and supplies to the men of his command
and the depreciation in Continental money.
After the close of the war he removed to the
valley of the Juniata, locating at Waynesburg
(now McVeytown), and afterwards to a farm near
Newton Hamilton. After the death of his
wife he removed to the residence of his son, in
Oliver township, Mifflin County, Pa., where he
died July 2:], 1829. Casper Dull married,
September 20, 1774, Hannah Matieu (or Mat-
thi'ws), of Huguenot ancestry. She was born
February 21, 1758, and died February 21,
1826, near Newton Hamilton. Their children
were as follows :
i. Catherine, b. 1775; m. Benjamin Walters.
ii. Daniel, b. 1777 ; m. Elizabeth Stanley.
iii. Elizabeth, ^b. 1779; m. Casper Casner.
iv. John, b. 1781 ; m. Margaret Beatty.
V. Hannah C, b. 1786 ; m. Michael Ruth.
vi. Sybil, b. 1788; m. Abraham Copeland.
vii. Casper, b. December 25th, 1791 ; m.
Jane Junkin.
viii. Mary, b. 1 795 ; m. Isaiah Yanzandt.
ix. George, b. 1797; m. Lydia Macklin
Postlethwaite-
X. Benjamin Matieu, b. 1799 ; m. Nancy
Junkin.
xi. Joseph, b. 1804; m. 1, Jane Bark ley ;
2, Jane Laird ; 3, Jane Price.
Ca.sper Dull, the subject of our sketch, ob-
tained the ordinary education acquired in the
country schools of his day, and was brought up
as a farmer. At an early age he engaged in the
transportation business on the Juniata and Sus-
quelianna, and in that, as in the after-events of his
busy life, were exemplified the most untiring
energy and an ability of high character. When
the State commenced its great system of internal
improvements, Mr. Dull became a contractor,
and constructed some of the most important
portions of the Pennsylvania Canal. Among
his warm personal friends were David R. Por-
ter, subsequently Governor of the State, and
James Clark. During the term of the latter as
canal commissioner, he appointed Mr. Dull
to take charge of a large portion of the canals.
In this, as in every otiier public trust, he was
an efficient and faithful officer. He afterwards
retired to his farms, and the remainder of his
days were passed in managing them and several
mills which he owned. He died, September 22,
1874. Casper Dull married, in 1815, Jane
Junkin, daughter of James Junkin, of Juukin's
Mill. She was descended from William Jun-
kin, Sr., and his wife Elizabeth Wallace,
emigrants from County Antrim, Ireland, and
the ancestors of those remarkable divines. Dr.
George and Dr. D. X. Junkin. Mrs. Dull was
born June 14, 1798, and died April 16, 1885,
at McVeytown, and witii her husband buried
in the graveyard at that place. She was a de-
voted wife and mother, beloved and respected
for her many good (pialities and charities.
They left eight children, all of whom are liv-
ing.
John Dougherty, now living at jNIount Union,
Huntingdon County, was a native of Wavnes-
burg, where he was born July 25, 1803. His
father, Edward Dougherty, emigrated to this
country and settled for a time in Carlisle, and
married a daughter of James Stackpole, of that
place. Her brother, in 1786, had settled upon
a tract of land east of Waynesburg. Mr.
Dougherty thus writes of his early recollections:
" My fiither was one of the three that first built a
house in Waynesburg (now McVeytown). Born near
Lach Neigh, in Ireland, when twenty-five years of
age he migrated to America, and in 1795 put in an
appearance near Waynesburg, stopping with a family
named Holliday, owners of a grist and saw-mill, with
604
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
lands adjoining, and Holliday's Island, a lerry and
shad-fishery, etc. This was then the most westerly grist-
mill on the Juniata Eiver. Grain grown west of the
summit of the Allegheny Mountains was sent on
pack-horses to Holliday's mill, to be ground into
flour, and then carried back again. My mother and
her brother, James Stackpole, were born at Carlisle,
Pa. ; lived one mile east of Waynesburg, Pa., where
father built and owned the first stone dwelling-
house. My uncle married Dorcas Elizabeth Holt,
whose ancestors came from England. He died
when his third son was a child. His three sons mar-
ried girls of German parentage ; hence the blood of
three nationalities flow in the veins of the present
generation, who trace their genealogy to the Holts of
England and the nobility of Ireland. One of the
present streets in Dublin is called Stackpole Street.
Certain of their ancestors migrated to France. One
of their descendants is a cardinal at Rome, in Italy.
My father married Margaret Stackpole about 1796.
They were married by a Russian prince, who, in ab-
juring the Greek schism, the Platonism of Photian
relative to the procession of the Holy Ghost, for-
feited lands in Russia equal in extent to the State of
Pennsylvania, together with princely honors.
" Father Galitzen founded a Catholic colony at
Loretto (now Cambria County). His pastorate in-
cluded an extensive territory east and west of what is
now Cambria County. At that period products of
the Juniata and Susquehannah Valleys were shipped
on arks, rafts and keel-boats, eastward to Columbia
and Port Deposit, Md. Keel-boats were propelled up
stream by poles and muscular power, (for which I
propose to substitute steam-power). Baltimore mer-
chants supplied all Western Pennsylvania with manu-
factured articles and many of the conveniences of
civilized life. Dry-goods, iron and salt were carried
on pack-horses westwardly via Fort Loudon, Fort
Shirly and Drake's Ferry. Baltimore City (the met-
ropolitan see of North America) sent Catholic mis-
sionaries, via the water-courses, through Shade Gap
and Jack's Narrows, to west of the Alleghenies.
Father Galitzen and other Catholic missionaries,
when going from and retiring to Baltimore City,
were wont to offer up the holy sacrifice at a station in
Black Valley (Newry), along this route. Certain aris-
tocratic ladies remained standing when the great mys-
tery was being accomplished, although Dr. Galitzen
bade them, in the name of Christ, then present on
the altar, to kneel. He then, fired with zeal, bade
them kneel in the devil's name, when every knee
bentl Again, when about to address a fashionable
congregation (many ladies wearing flowers in their
bonnets) said he did not know whether it was a
flower garden or a Christian congregation he was
about to address. At the beginning of this century
hotels, to accommodate the trading public and others,
were quite numerous. Caspar Dull (grandfather of
the Messrs. Dull now living) kept a small tavern at
the northeast of Waynesburg. John Culbertson kept
a larger tavern one mile west thereof, and James
Stackpole a hotel one mile east of Waynesburg.
George Galbraith.one of the owners of the first stage-
line, built the hotel now kept by John A. Ross in
McVeytown.
" It was said that one crooked shilling paid for two
barrels of whiskey. When Mr. Culbertson visited
Mr. Dull's he would spend this shilling in treating
such persons as might be present, and when Caspar
Dull visited John Culbertson he would pay back this
shilling to John Culbertson for vvhiskey ; metallic
money was not generally used in making exchanges.
The farmer exchanged rye for whiskey ; laboring men
paid in work ; the hunter exchanged furs for powder
and lead ; shad in the spring, wheat after harvest and
eels in the fall helped to regulate exchanges. Corn-
huskings, choppiug-frolics, scutching flax, making
cider, boiling apple-butter, fulling blankets (i.e.,
knitting-parties), quiltings, wood-haulings and many
other kinds of work, followed by dancing at night,
enabled these people to live pleasantly. School-
masters were paid in work or produce, and boarded
alternately with their scholars. I remember when
there were six or more distilleries in Wayne township.
Elections and military trainings were held at Waynes-
burg; much liquor was drank and many rough-and-
tumble fights followed. A few log school-houses but
no meeting-houses were built until about 1812. The
Tunkers worshipped in Hensel's barn, two miles north-
west of McVeytown. Occasionally a Presbyterian
minister would preach in a school-house, but the \wa-
ple in general were indifferent on this subject. Several
of the most learned were deists. Tom. Paine's, Vol-
taire's, Hume's, Rousseau's and Lord Bolingbroke's
works were common in the libraries of the learned,
whose opinions were accepted by a large number of
the unlearned, although the Westminster Catechism
was taught in many of the schools. The Dunkers,
an oifshoot of the monastic orders, retained the prin-
ciple of association, bought fertile lands, and retained
them, whilst many of those who professed no religious
belief sold their lands and migrated westward.
Edward Dougherty was a tailor, and iu 1821
opened a tavern on the Diamond, when the
turnpilce was building from Blairsville to
Harrisburg. He died in 1842 at his home.
His sou John remained at McVeytown and
engaged in mercantile business until 1831,
when he went to Hollidaysburg as a contractor
with James Stackpole. They graded the sum-
mit-level of Allegheny Portage road and Incline
Plane No. 6, and the first incline from Holli-
daysburg. He invented, in 1834, the section
boats, the first one passing over in October of
that year. In April, 1848, he moved to Mount
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
605
XTnion, which he laid out, and where he still
resides. Rosanna, a daughter of Edward
Dougherty, married Dr. Elijah Davis, of
McVeytown, who for many years kept the
tavern on the Diamond.
George Galbraith, whose father (Hector Gal-
braith) settled northwest of Waynesburg in
1785, came from tlic farm where he lived in
] 805, and built a tavern on the corner of Water
and John Streets, opposite the present hotel,
where he resided for several years and kept the
tavern in the early days, where General -Tohn
Bratton, Colonel William Bratton, JohnCulbert-
son, John Vance, Samuel Holliday, Johu McVey,
William Junkin and Caspar Dull, who were
the leading men of the township, were in the
habit of gathering. In 1808 George Galbraith
became one of the party that organized the Ju-
niata Stage Company, who put on a line of
stages over part of the route from Philadelphia
through to Pittsburgh. Mr. Galbraith, in later
3'ears, built the present liotel now kept by John
A. Ross, and opened a tavern and a store, which
he kept until his death, in 1822.
He had two wives, — one son and five daugh-
ters by each. The children by his last -wife
were George (who lived and died upon the
home farm, now in part owned by his daughter,
Mrs. Retta Clarke), Elizabeth (Mrs. John Ha-
mau), Juliana (Mrs. William Swanzey), Jane
(Mrs. Ketchuff, of Chester County), Nancy
(Mi-s. Augustine Wakefield) and Hannah (Mrs.
Michael Crisswell.
Another of the early settlers of Waynesburg
was John Hamau. He was boi-n in Ireland in
1786, came to this country, and landed at New
Castle, Del. In 1798 he came to Sherman's
Valley, and in 1804 to Tuscarora Valley. In
1801) he began clerking in a store for William
Bell, of Perryville (now Port Royal, Juniata
County). Bell moved to ]\Iifflintown the next
year, and Haman remained with him until 1811,
when Bell, with Haman, began business in
Waynesburg. They soon took in partnership
Adam Holliday, son of Samuel, and continued
until July 24, 1813, when the partnership was
dissolved, and Haman continued. He soon
after became associated with John McVey, Jr.,
which firm continued until MeVey's death, in
1826. On Deceml)er 23, 1819, John Haman
married Elizabeth, a daughter of George Gal-
braith. He continued in the mercantile busi-
ness until his death, January 29, 1866, and left
six children, of M'hom Hannah became the wife
of William Macklin, who Ijecanie a merchant
in McVeytown in 1847, and lived there until
his death, and whose sons continue the business.
Mrs. Macklin is still living at McVeytown.
Soon after the opening of the store by Haman
& Bell, James Law and David Lusk, Jr.,
opened a store and continued till November 25,
1815, when Law retired and Lusk continued.
He afterwards kept a tavern in the present hotel
till his death, and his widow, Catharine, con-
tinued.
It will be borne in mind that the mills of
Samuel Holliday and William McVey were in
operation in the early years, and, with the arrival
of the stage-coach semi-weekly, the tavern and
the stores, Waynesburg was quite a centre of
attraction for the surrounding country. The
village doctor also came to the place about
1810, Dr. Elijah Davis being about the first.
An account of the physicians will be found in
the medical chapter of the General History.
In the year 1829 Samuel Troxell came to the
town from Union County (now Sn3'der) and in
1831 erected a tannery on the lot (now vacant)
adjoining and below the hotel. Samuel Myers
soon became associated with him and they con-
tinued until October 9, 1850, when Myere re-
tired and Horning (Albert) ct Troxell were
operating. Changes were made and at one
time ]\Iyers & Rife and Myers & Johnson
were in possession. On February 22, 1864, the
tannery was destroyed by fire and not rebuilt.
Samuel Troxell, in 1862, erected the present
tannery on the site of the old Holliday log
house, with thirty-five vats and ten leeches and
pools. His son, Samuel M. Troxell, assumed
the business in 1874, operated it for five years,
from which time it has been idle.
Jacob Goodling, who married a daughter of
Benjamin Walters, about 1830 started a tannery
which later was owned by James Hoods and
was abandoned after 1842.
In 1825 Joseph Jacobs erected a tannery on
the MoVcv farm, which he continued until
606
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
1840, when it was rented by John Robb and
soon after discontinued.
Colonel Anthony Elton was here about 1806
as a blacksmith, and had a shop on the river-
side of Front, or Water Street, between the
bridge and the hotel, which he continued as
long as he lived. He was the first postmaster
and was succeeded in the business by his sons,
Anthony and Revel, and by Revel Elton in
the post-office. The latter remained here maiay
years and went West.
Richard Miles, before 1830, was keeping
store in Galbraith's tavern building and soon
after that time moved up on the Diamond.
About 1842 he moved to Bellefonte.
Michael Norton, before 1830, opened a wag-
on-maker's shop a short distance south of the
hotel, which M'as discontinued about 1840.
Soon after the canal was completed through
the place James Crisswell moved to Waynes-
burg from his farm below the town, aud built a
house on Canal Street, where he died June 28,
1874. He also built a brick store on John Street,
below the Diamond, and a warehouse on the canal
near his house. His sons — Michael and John
V. — were engaged in business with him. He
was chosen associate justice in 1837, to succeed
Judge John Oliver. His sons purchased the
Brookland Furnace in 1840, and in 1843, James
Crisswell built Ellen Forge, at the lower part
of the town and beyond the borough limits.
About 1840, General John Ross and Attila
Price erected a foundry now owned by Reuben
and John Myers, which they continued untU
November 9, 1843, when Ross retired and
George W. Lyon became associated with Mr.
Price ; they continued until 1847, when it
passed to Ross & Clark, and the next year was
run by James Wilder and B. A. Bradley ; later,
by J. W. Pincin & Son for ten or twelve years,
until 1884, when it passed to the present owners.
The first brick house erected in the village
was built by George Dull, now owned by Jo-
seph R. Bratton. Dr. Roihrock built his resi-
dence in 1837, and in 1842 John Haman was
assessed on two brick houses ; Samuel Brown,
John Ross, Dr. L. G. Snowden, John A. Steel,
Samuel Troxall and Samuel Myers were each
assessed on a brick house.
The following are the names and locations of
business interests of the village in 1836 : Mar-
tin Stehley, tailor, on Main Street, a few doors
north of Market; Nathaniel Wilson, cabinet-
maker, on Main, north of Market ; John Wal-
ters, meat-store, on Water Street ; James Cris-
wel, bride store, on John Street, store-house on
canal ; James Cooper, merchant, store on the
corner of Diamond, before occupied by John
Dougherty and Dr. Andrew P. Linn. In 1846
Cooper built the brick building corner of Water
and John Streets, in which he kept store a num-
ber of years; it was later occupied by Dr. J. A.
Swain as a drug-store and office, now by drug-
store of James Forgy.
George W. Coulter kept a blacksmith-shop
on Main Street, opposite Dr. Rothrock's resi-
dence ; George Dull had a small store-house on
the canal ; William D. Davis and Thomas Ram-
bler, cabinet-makers, were located on the south
end of Main Street ; Rambler later moved to
Altoona ; Edward Dougherty kept tavern on
the Diamond ; Elijah Davis, his son-in-law,
kept store in the frame part of Dougherty's
hotel, and after Dougherty's death, kept the
hotel ; Hardy, Millan & Hartzler kept store
in the south end of Galbraith's hotel (now
torn down) ; later William Hardy built the
brick house now owned by Samuel M. Troxall,
and Hardy bought the interest of his partners
and continued the business alone.
Randolph Wooden, a blacksmith, in 1836
opened a shop on Water Street, south of the
hotel, which he continued several years ; David
Corkle entered the shop as an apprentice, and
worked there until he purchased the shop, in
1851, and continued until 1883. It is now
carried on by John Berryman.
Soon after the canal was built, James Criss-
well built a boat-yard and dry-dock on the
canal near his store-house, where he built several
boats. Lindley Hoops, about 1838 at the south
end of town, had a boat-yard on the west side of
the canal, and William Jeffries on the east side.
One of the boat-houses is now used as a dwell-
ing on Water Street, a short distance from the
old boat-yard. In 1842 Frederick Hiney was
making brick in a yard with John Barlett.
The business of the town in 1843 was car-
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
807
ried on by the following persons: G. W. Breh-
man, drugs; C. & S. Crisswell, William Hardy,
Jolm Walters and John A. Steele & Co., mer-
chants; B. Reilly, hatter; A. S. Fichthorn, tai-
lor ; Caspar Van Zandt, Joseph H. Robinson
and James G. McCoy, saddlers and harness-
makers; Ross and Price, iron-founders; Daniel
Schreiner, wagon and plough manufacturer ;
Richard S. Brimmer, tin and sheet-iron ; Albert
Horning, Samuel Troxall, tanners; Joseph
George, George Bartel and William Swartz, boot
and shoemakers ; Hamilton & Taylor, George
Sweyer, chair-makers ; J. C. Reynolds, A. Roth-
rock, physicians; Wooden & Powell, Matthias
Neice, blacksmiths ; Jonas Neice, boat-builder ;
Ralph Boyle, lumber merchant ; hotels, T. F.
McCoy, E. Davis (Eagle Hotel) ; Fred. Hiuey,
brick-maker.
In 1863, Captain Matthias Neice erected a
steam planing-mill and began business; in the
next year Charles Stanberger became a partner
and continued until 1868. A thriving business
was carried on until 1874, when the property
was sold to Moore, McWilliaras & Co., who
now run it.
The bridges across the Juniata River at this
plac3 were first built in 1835, and a company
was formed in that year. A petition was pre-
sented to the County Court asking that the
county subscribe to the stock. At the January
term of court in 1836 the grand jury recom-
mended that the county take sixty-four shares of
stock at twenty-five dollars per share. The
court confirmed the recommendation. Other
subscriptions were made and the work was begun
by Samuel Ewing & Co., who were the contrac-
tors. The company was not chartered until
March 13, 1838. In a report of the company
made in 1844 it is learned that the original
bridges cost $6112.50, and that from some
cause not stated they were much damaged and
rebuilt in 1843 by John A. Ewing & Co., at a
cost of two thousand six hundred and fifteen
dollars, and one thousand dollars was spent in
the construction of stone-work and wing-walls.
In the great flood of October 8 and 9, 1847,
they were entirely washed away, and were not
rebuilt until 1849, since which time they have
stood unharmed, and were toll-bridges until
1872, when the county accepted them and they
became free. In the freshet of 1847 a canal-
boat was washed over the Huntingdon dam,
passed over the island and was lodged against
some trees at the foot, where it remained many
years.
Post-Office. — It has not been ascertained
precisely at what time a post-oiEce was estab-
lished at this place, but in 1808 the turnpike
was through Waynesburg, and as George Gal-
braith was one of the members of the Juniata
Stage Company which began operations in that
year, it is more than probable that a post-ofRce
was established at the place. Colonel Anthony
Elton was postmaster at that time or soon
after. He was succeeded by his son, Revel
Elton, Richard Miles, John Robb, G. W.
Brchman, John C. Montgomery, G. AV. Breh-
man, D. H. Lusk, J. M. McCoy, James Criss-
well, John Keim and Miss Hannah C. Dull,
the present incumbent, who was appointed in
1879.
Incorporation. — The act of Assembly to
erect Waynesburg into a borough by the name of
McVeytowu was approved by Governor Wolf
April 9, 1833. A supplement to the act wa.s passed
May 9, 1841, extending its boundaries and
granting other powers to the burgess and
Council. The first election was held at the
octagonal school-house on the 21st of March,
1834. John M. Barton was elected the first
burgess, and Richard Miles, Revel Elton, John
Haman, William Rook and G. H. Galbraith
were elected members of the Town Council.
On the 24th of May, 1842, the Council au-
thorized the burgess to issue notes in sums of
one dollar, fifty cents, twenty-five cents,
twelve and a half cents, ten cents and six
and a quarter cents, with interest at six per
cent., payable in sums of five dollars one year
from date. The notes were issued in June,
1842, and signed by William J. McCoy, bur-
gess. They were issued for the purpose of pay-
ing the indebtedness of the borough, arising
from macadamizing the streets the vear
previous, and from the difficulty of collecting
taxes at the time. They were paid during the
next year, and amounted to about one thousand
dollars.
€08
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The following are the names of the burgesses
from the incorporation of the borough to the
present time :
1834. John M. Barton.
1835. John M. Barton.
1836. Richard Miles.
1837. Richard Miles.
1838. Ralph Bogle.
1839. Hugh Johnston.
1840. Hugh Johnston.
1841. William J. McCoy.
1842. William J. McCoy.
1843. William J. McCoy.
1844. George M. Bow-
man.
1845. George M. Bow-
man.
1846. George M. Bow-
man.
1847. George M. Bow-
man.
1848. George M. Bow-
man.
1849. Wm. S. Wooden.
1850. William S. Davis.
1851. William S. Davis.
1852. William S. Davis.
1853. William Macklin.
1854. William Macklin.
1855. Michael Horning.
1856. William S. Davis.
1857. John M. McCoy.
1858. John M. McCoy.
1859. Geo. W. McBride.
1860. Daniel Decker.
1861. Geo. W. McBride.
1862. Geo. W. McBride.
1863. Christian Beck.
1864. Geo. W. McBride.
1865. Geo. W. McBride.
1866. Dr. J. A. Swartz.
1867. R. T. Applebaugh.
1868. S. A. Souders.
1869. R. T. Applebaugh.
1870. J. R. Wirt.
1871. J. R. Wirt.
1872. J. R. Wirt.
1873. David Corkle.
1874. Jacob Fry.
1875. Jacob Fry.
1876. Jacob Fry.
1877. George W. Hesser.
1878. George W. Hesser.
1879. Albert H. Bear.
1880. Michael Dillon.
1881. Michael Dillon.
1882. J. McCarthy.
1883. W. H. Swanzey.
1884. Michael Dillon.
1885. James George.
The justices of the peace who have served in
the borough since 1840 are as follows :
1845.
1847.
1850.
1852.
1853.
1855.
1858.
1859.
Rob. McMonigle.
John Oliver, Jr.
William J. McCoy.
Geo. W. Bowman.
James Hood.
John McCord.
William Davis.
John Walters.
John M. McCoy.
Geo. W. McBride.
1860. John Walters.
1861. James Moran.
1862. Christian Beck.
1868. B. L. Long.
1869. J. R. Wirt.
1874. George W. Sunder-
land.
1879. W. H. McClellan.
1884. W. P. Stevenson.
1885. J. R. Wirt.
The Presbyterian Church.' — The his-
tory of the Presbyterian congregation of Mc-
Veytown is comprehended in three periods:
First, from its founding to the year 1814 ; sec-
ond, from 1814 to 1871 ; third, from 1871 to
the present time.
First Period. — As the early records of this
' By Rev. E. H. Mateer.
congregation have been lost, it is impossible to
fix the exact date of its organization. It is
certainly known that the Rev. Charles Beatty,
of the Presbytery of Philadelphia, who was
sent out by the Synod of New York and Phila-
delphia in 1766 to visit the frontiers of Penn-
sylvania, preached on the old Bratton farm in
August of that year. In his journal Rev.
Beatty says, " That was the first preaching in
these parts." He likewise tells us that " the
people had determined to build a meeting-
house." The only church structure erected in
this neighborhood before the close of the eigh-
teeuth century was the one on the Bratton farm,
now owned by James Kyle. It is, therefore,
altogether probable that the church which Rev.
Beatty found the people about to build was the
one referred to above.
All the territory in this region was in Derry
township from 1767 to 1783, when it became
Wayne township, and it is probable " the Pres-
byterian Congregation of Central Wayne," the
original name of this congregation, was organized
soon after the erection of the township. The
first minister resident among the people was the
Rev. Matthew Stephens, who came to what is
now Bratton township about the year 1785. In
this year his name is entered upon the minis-
terial roll of the Presbytery of Donegal, as re-
ceived from Ireland. In the year 1795, at
the time of the organization of the Presbytery
of Huntingdon, Mr. Stephens held a call in his
hands from this congregation, which he had ac-
cejjted, but for some reason he had never been
installed. He had, however, been preaching as
a stated supply from the time of his settlement
in the community. In October, 1795, he asked
permission of Presbytery to return the call,
which was granted.
The next minister of whom we have any defi-
nite knowledge was the Rev. James Simpson,
who was received from the Presbytery in the
"Kingdom of Ireland" in January, 1800. A
request was immediately made to Presbytery to
appoint him the stated supply of Wayne, Lew-
istown and Derry, which relation he held toward
these churches for a little over three years. He
was a man of intemperate habits, and, in 1802,
was suspended by Presbytery, but, in defiance
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
609
of the authority of Pi'esbytery, continued to
preach. However, he was deposed from the
ministry, and nothing more is known of iiim
from ecclesiastical records. From 1803 to 1819
there was no minister here for any length of
time. The preached word as a means of grace
was not regularly jjrovided. Between these
dates there was a removal of the congregation to
Waynesburg (McVeytown), and a reorganiza-
tion under the name of the Presbyterian Con-
gregation of Waynesburg, with three trustees.
Second Period. — This period began not la-
ter than 1814. On December 29, 1814, " John
McN'^ey, Sr., of the one part," deeded to " Wil-
liam Armstrong, Archibald More and James
Criswell, Trustees for the Congregation of
Waynesburg and its Vicinity, of the other part,"
one-half acre of land situated on the west side
of Queen Street and fi-onting six perches there-
on. Soon afterwards, probably the next year,
the congregation built a small stone church on
the grounds donated by John McVey, Sr.
The first minister of this period was the
Rev. James S. Woods, who began his labors in
November, 1819, and was ordained and in-
stalled pastor for one-half of his time, at a salary
of three hundred dollars per annum, ou April
5, 1820. In 1823 he was appointed stated sup-
ply of the Lewistowu congregati(jn for one
year, and in 1824 was installed pastor at Lew-
istown at a salary of three hundred dollars for
one-half his time. Mr. Woods continued the
pastor of these two congregations until 1837,
when his pastoral relation with the congrega-
tion of Waynesburg was dissolved.
During this pastorate the congregation was
incorporated and the old stone church torn down
and in 1833 a larger edifice of l)rick built at a
cost of about tweuty-five hundred dollars.
In April, 1838, that part of the congregation
of Waynesburg in the vicinity of Newton
Hamilton were, on petition to and by direction
of Presbytery, organized into a separate con-
gregation. From that date, 1838, until Janu-
ary 1, 1871, the two congregations were united
under the same pastorate.
On July 1, 1838, the Rev*. Benjamin Carrell
became pastor, giving two-thirds of his time to
Waynesburg and one-third to Newton Hamil-
39
ton. The oldest records of the Session now
known to be in existence are dated March 21,
1843, near the close of the fifth year of Mr.
Carrell's pastorate. The ruling elders at that
date were Samuel Witherow, ordained 1818 ;
William Erwin, ordained 1827 ; Nathaniel Wil-
son, ordained 1827 ; Cyrus Criswell, ordained
1827 ; and William Wakefield, ordained 1827.
These oldest minutes record the result of a revival
by which sixty- four members were added to the
Waynesburg congregation. In 1843 the Ses-
sion passed a resolution that any member who
should violate the Sabbath-day by running
boats, or have men in their employ working on
the Sabbath, would subject themselves to be de-
prived of church privileges. October 21, 1844,
it was resolved " that if any members of this
church are engaged in the traffic of ardent
spirits as a beverage, they be and are required to
cease from the same or subject themselves to the
censure of the church." Mr. Carrell's relation
with this congregation ceased October 22, 1844.
On May 23, 1845, the Rev. Peter Hassinger
became pastor, giving one-half of his time. The
relation was dissolved June 27, 1849.
The Rev. David Sterrett was pastor from Jan-
uar)' 27, 1850, to October 2, 1855. During this
pastorate a member was suspended from church
privileges for traveling in the cars of the Penn-
sylvania Railroad on the Sabbath-day. Eigh-
teen months afterward the suspended member
was restored to church privileges ou professing
sorrow for his jiast act, and promising not to
ride in the cars on the Sabbath-day.
The Rev. D. D. Clarke, d! D., became
the pastor Juue 3, 1856, and so continued to
the time of his death, December 30, 18(35. In
1862 there was a revival and a large accession
to the church.
The Rev. Samuel C. McCuue was pastor
from June 19, 1866, to April, 1869.
The Rev. Thaddeus !McRae was installed pas-
tor January, 1870, and the relation was dis-
solved October, 1872. On January 1, 1871,
the co-pastorate with Newton Hamilton ceased,
and Mr. McRae was calletl for the whole of his
time by this congregation.
Tliird Period. — By decree of the County
Court, on April 10, 1871, the corporate name of
610
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the Presbyterian congregation of Wayuesburg
was changed to " The Presbyterian Congrega-
tion of McVeytown." In 1873 the Eev. D.
W. Moore was installed the pastor, and so con-
tinued till September, 1883, when the relation
was dissolved at his own request. In 1874 the
congregation enlarged and improved their
house of worship, at an outlay of nine thou-
sand dollars. During the last decade this con-
gregation has contributed, for all purposes,
thirty thousand dollars. The present member-
ship is two hundred and five. The members of
Session are Rev. E. H. Mateer, pastor since
1874, and Ruling Elders Abraham Rothrock,
M.D., ordained May 3, 1858 ; Adam Letford,
ordained June, 1869 ; John Iviner, ordained
January, 1879 ; George McKee, ordained June,
1879 ; James Macklin, ordained October, 1885 ;
and William S. Wdson, M.D., ordained Octo-
ber, 1885.
The church corporation holds the following
property : 1. One-half acre of land deeded
December 29, 1814, by John McVey, Sr. (the
present church structure stands on this plat, but
the larger part is included in the graveyard).
2. A narrow strijj of land on the north side
of the above, bought from Samuel Holliday
September 30, 1829 ; consideration, $37.25. 3.
A plat west of No. 1, containing seventy-two
perches, included in the graveyard, bought from
Robert U. Jacobs November 17, 1829 ; consider-
ation, thirty-six dollars. 4. On the south side
of Nos. 1 and 3, one hundred and fifty-seven
perches, bought from Robert U. Jacobs Au-
gust 28, 1834 ; consideration, one hundred and
fifty dollars; only about one-third of this pur-
chase now in possession of the church, the two-
thirds to the west having been sold to the Rev.
D. D. Clarke. 5. Lot No. 130 on plan of Mc-
Veytown, January 10, 1861, from James Cris-
well ; consideration, ten dollars. 6. The pav-
sonage and lot, purchased from Dr. A.
Rothrock May 7, 1863 ; consideration, fifteen
hnndred dollars. 7. Lots No. 131 and 132 on
town plan, bought of William Macklin and
William A. Moore; consideration, one hundred
and seventy-five dollars. 8. Lot 129, pre-
sented by Mrs. Rhettie M. Clark.
The Methodist Episcopai. Church. — The
society was organized in 1832, and a lot on
Queen Street was purchased of Caspar Dull in
1833. A brick church was erected by Ralph
Bogle, which was used until 1874, when it was
enlarged and remodeled as it is at present. The
pastors since 1860 have been as follows : John
Morehead, John Anderson, William Gwiil, M.
S. Smith, A. D. Yocum, C. B. Wilson, George
S. Sykes, J. M. Johnston, A. S. Baldwin, W. S.
Hamlin, W. G win and J. W. Rue. The secretary
has a present membership of one hundred and
sixty.
Schools. — The children in Waynesburg for
several years attended school either at the school-
house on the Stewart farm or at another school-
house near where the furnace was later built. Sam-
uel Holliday donated the present lot to the village
for school purposes. Upon this lot the octang-
ular-shaped school-house was built, which was
used until 1844, when a movement was insti-
tuted to build a larger and more commodious
house. The village at that time contained one
hundred and fifty children between the ages of
five and fifteen, and the old house was not suf-
ficiently large to accommodate them. The vil-
lage was set off as an independent school district
in 1842, and the directors of the district called a
public meeting on January 9, 1844, to discuss
the propriety of erecting a larger school building.
At this meeting a committee was appointed to
make a report January 17th, which was done, and
they reported that in their opinion it \vas advisa-
ble to erect a brick building, thirty by sixty feet,
two stories in height, with two rooms on each
floor, at an estimated cost of seventeen hundred
and fifty-nine dollars, and suggested the present
lot as convenient in location and as already be-
longing to the village.
This report was accepted and the directors
advertised for proposals to be received until
February 5, 1844. The contract was given to
Ralph Bogle, and Owen Thomas was the car-
penter. The academy was erected of brick,
fifty-two by thirty-eight feet, with a cupola,
and was divided into four school-rooms, twenty-
five b}' twenty-eight feet. It was completed
during the season and oj)ened in January, 1845.
William Lyttle was one of the early teachers
in the town. It has been used from that time
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
611
to the present and is the only public school-
house in the village. The directors in 1842,
when the village became an independent dis-
trict, were Michael Norton, William Hardy and
John Stine, Jr. The directors, during the
building of the academy in 1844—45, were N.
Wilson, T. F. McCoy, George A. Lyon, Caspar
Dull and John C. Reynolds. The district con-
tains at present one hundred and seventy-eight
pupils.
Newspapers. — The first newspaper pub-
lished in McVeytown was established in the
spring of 1842, and was edited by William D.
McVey, as the ' People's Friend. It was con-
tinued three or four months and suspended. In
the summer of 1843, Thomas F. McCoy pur-
chased the type, presses and other fixtures, of
Mr. McVey and on the 26th of October, 1843,
issued the first number of the Village Her-
ald. It was a six column paper and was con-
tinued to February 15, 1845, when the editor,
T. F. McCoy, soon after enlisted and went to
the Mexican War. From that time no paper
was issued in McVeytown until 1873, when
Edmund Conrad began the publication of the
McVeytown Journal. The first number was
issued March 13th in that year. In size it was
seven by twelve inches, three columns. In six
months it was enlarged to four columns eleven
by sixteen inches, and at the beginning of the
second volume enlarged to six columns, and the
third year was again enlarged to seven columns,
its present size. This is the only paper pub-
lished in this borough-.
Moore, MoWilliams & Co.'s Bank. — In
the spring of 1872, an organization was effected
for carrying on a banking business, and the fol-
lowing-named directors were elected : William
A. ]\Ioore, Samuel McWilliams, James Forgy,
David Stine, Jr., A. Rothrock, M. D. and John
Atkinson.
The directors elected William A. Moore pres-
ident and J. R. Wirt, cashier. Business was
begun in the present banking office July 18,
1872. The only change to the present is in the
election of W. P. Stevenson in April, 1879,
the death of James Forgy and retirement of
Joh.n Atkinson.
Willia>[ a. Moore is of Scotch-Irish ex-
traction and the grandson of William Moore, a
soldier of the Revolution who received a wound
during that memorable confiict resulting in his
death. He removed from Lancaster County,
Pa., to Mifilin County and engaged in farming
pursuits. His children were Archibald, John,
Andrew, who died in youth ; Mary (Mrs.
Stanley), and Ann (Mrs. Wilson). Archibald
of this number was born on the 13th of Mav,
1768, on the farm of his father in Mifflin (then
Cumberland) County, and at a late period of
his life purchased the fiirm lying adjacent to
the homestead on which he resided during his
lifetime. He was a man of much strength of
character and wielded an extended influence in
the community, having filled the office of justice
of the peace, also various minor positions. He
married Rebecca, daughter of ^^'illiam Junkin,
of the same county, born in 1769. Their
children are Isabella, born in 1793; Jane, in
1795 (Mrs. John Owens) ; Ann, in 1798 ; Isa-
bella, second, in 1800, (Mrs. Richard Miles) ;
William A., February 4, 1804 ; Margaret, in
1806, (Mrs. Samuel Hays) ; Mary Ann, in 1809,
(Mrs. Potts), and Catherine, in 1813, (Mrs.
James McCoy), all of whom, with the excep-
tion of the subject of this biographical sketch,
are deceased. The birth of William A. occurred
on the farm purchased by his father. His
studies which included the languages were pur-
sued under the direction of Reverends James S.
Woods and John Hutchison, after which he
returned to his home and at once became inter-
ested in the cultivation of the land which he
acquired by inheritance on the death of his
father. To this property he gave his personal
attention until 1841, when McVe^'town became
his place of residence. Here he engaged in the
grain business, though still retaining his owner-
ship of the farm of which in 1851 he resumed
the management. He had meanwhile embarked
in a mercantile enterprise under the firm name
of Steel & Co., which business connection was
continued but a brief time. Mr. Moore is also
identified with the banking firm of Moore,
McWilliams ct Co., established in 1872, of
which he is president. Though educated as a
Democrat of the Jeff'ersouian school of politics
he afterward became a Whis; and later a Re-
612
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
publican, though he has neither sought nor ac-
cepted office. He is a member of the Presby-
terian Church of McVeytowu of wliieh lie has
for many years been a trustee.
Societies. — McVeytown Lodge, No. 123,
I. O. O. F., was instituted, in 1841, in the vil-
lage, and continued about two years, when
they disbanded. No other lodge was formed
here until 1870, when, on March 14, in that
year, a charter was granted to Bright Star
was chartered October 22, 1866, and instituted
November 16th, with thirteen charter members.
Twelve of the members were from Lancaster
Lodge, No. 203, and one, C. P. Dull, from
Easton Lodge, No. 152. A lodge-hall was
fitted up in the brick house of C. P. Dull,
where they still hold their meetings. They
have at present thirty-seven active members,
with J. R. Wirt, W. M. ; Samuel M. Troxell,
Secretary, and C. P. Dull, Treasurer.
'ih'--
4^/)n. ^Jl.
{TTrl^C^
Lodge, No. 705, I. O. O. F. Meetings were
held in Couch Hall for a time, and in 1871
rooms were fitted up in the Davis Hotel, on
the Diamond, wliich they occupied until the
spring of 1884, when they moved to Couch
Hall, where they now are. The lodge has a
membership of forty-five, with the following
officers : M. A. Stine, N. G. ; A. T. Lefford,
V. G. ; E. Conrad, Secretary ; Stephen Tred-
wick. Assistant Secretary, and E. S. Stewart,
Treasurer.
The McVeytown Lodge, No. 376, A. Y. M.,
Chaplain Thomas Stevenson Post, No. 482,
G. A. R., was organized June 21, 1885, by the
members of the Colonel Hulings Post, of Lew-
istown. The Post started with thirty-one char-
ter members, and the following officers were
elected and appointed for the first term : P. C,
W. A. Wilson ; S. V. C, W. H. McClellan ;
J. V. C, Joseph S. Leffiird ; O. of D., Austin
Gro ; O. of G., W. A. Moore ; Q. M., J. J.
Corkle ; Chaplain, Mathias Neice ; Surgeon, F.
M. Coulter; Adjutant, M. C. Bratton ; Ser-
geant-Major, E. J. Davis; Q. M. Sergeant,
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
613
Rudolph Ward ; I. S., A. J. Jenkins ; O. S.,
F. P. Kirk.
CHAPTER XL
BRAXTON TOWNSHIP.
The township of Bratton was erected in
1850, and first appears on the court records of
that year. No record of petition or commis-
sion report is found. It was, however, taken
from the township of Oliver. It is bounded
by the Juniata River, Granville township, the
range of mountains dividing it from Juniata
County and Wayne township, and is settled
only on the riverside. The Pennsylvania Rail-
road passes along the river the entire length of
the township. Two railroad stations are in the
limits, Longfellow and Mattawana ; the last is
the station for McVeytown, opposite on the
river. This settlement began with the comple-
tion of the railroad, in 1850; a depot was
erected at that time and soon after the large
brick hotel, by Henry Hartzler. About 1860
Joshua Harshbargei' opened a grocery-store,
which was kept by him for about thirteen years
when it -was sold to Lewis Cassey, who still
keeps it. William Miller about 1873-74 opened
a dry-goods store which is now owned and kept
by Alexander Cowell. The post-office was
established in 1874, with AVilliam Miller as
postmaster. He retained the position until 1882,
when Lewis Ca.ssey was appointed and still
holds the position.
In 1877 Hanawalt & Myers erected a grist-
mill, which was operated a few years and is
now used as a warehouse l)v William ]M. At-
kinson.
The earliest tract of land located within the
limits of Bratton township, of which any record
is obtained, wa.s warranted to Alexander Hamil-
ton February 10, 1755, and contained two hun-
dred and eighty acres, on the Juniata River. It
was sold by him to James Bratton March 29,
1779, and then contained two hundred acres. He
conveyed it to George Patterson, of Fermanagh
township July 5, 1795 ; two years later, No-
vember 10, 1797, George Patterson sold the
tract to Samuel Bratton. The sons of Samuel
Bratton were Charles, Elisha and Richardson.
Charles settled on the homestead where his son
Charles now resides, near Manayunk. Of other
sons of Charles were Horatio G., of Lewistown ;
Isaac G., of Dublin Mills, Pa., William H., of
Sterling, Dakota; and Samuel S., who was a
member of Battery G, Second Pennsylvania
Heavy Artillery, and died July 10, 1864. Of
the daughters, Mrs. Enos Woodruff resides in
Lewistown ; the others are living in different
parts of the country.
The first actual settler in what is now the
township of Bratton was Andrew Bratton, who,
with Samuel HoUiday, his brother-in-law, came
over the mountains early in 1755, in search of
lands on which to locate. He selected a tract
of land on the south side of the Juniata River,
and made application to the Laud Office at the
same time. Samuel Holliday located at what
is now McVeytown. Warrants were issued to
them September 8, 1755. They were here but
a short time before the Indian troubles broke
out, and they returned to Cumberland County,
and remained until they had somewhat subsided,
which was in 17(j2, when they, with their
families and others, returned and began im-
provements upon their locations. Andrew
Bratton built a log house above where James
Kyle now owns, and later built the stone house
now owned by Joseph Harshbarger. A log
meeting-house was erected near his house for
the use of the Presbyterians in the neighbor-
hood. It is said that the first religious service
in this part of the county was held at his house
in 1766, by the Rev. Charles Beatty, who was
traveling through the country till that year. A
burying-ground was laid out and enclosed with
a stone wall, which is still standing, where the
early settlers were buried ; several stones without
date are standing, and but one with date prior to
1800. It is now unused as a burial-place.
Andrew Bratton had two sons, — William and
John, and two daughters, — Maiy and Nancy.
There were a number of the name who
located lands in and near the Bratton homestead.
The names, dates and number of acres here all
given: John Bratton, July 13, 1762, 150
acres ; William and George Bratton, October
26, 1785, each 100 acres; George Bratton, Jan-
uary 6, 1786, 400 acres, and Jacob Bratton,
614
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
60 acres ; Edward Bratton, February 28, 1787,
100 acres and George 40 acres ; John Bratton,
February 21, 1794, 350 acres ; James, April 22,
1795, 100 acres. Between 1811 and December
16, 1816, George, Jacob, William, Wallace,
James and Andrew Bratton took up over 1000
acres of land. The John and William here
mentioned were the sons of Andrew. John
was a graduate of Princeton College, a general
of militia and lived a bachelor on the homestead.
William was elected first lieutenant in Captain
Robert Adam's company January 9, 1776, in
the Sixth Battalion, under General William
Irvine, was promoted captain March 20, 1777,
and resigned April 17, 1779. He was at the
battle of Paoli and at Germantown, and was
wounded at the last battle.
He married Hester Hamilton, a sister of
Margaret Hamilton, of Newton Hamilton. She
was captured by the Indians when a young
woman, bound and taken up the river. She
managed to loosen her bonds, and escajied. She
hid in a hollow log, which the Indians passed in
looking for her. After all was quiet she made
her way to the river and followed it down-
stream to her home. Her half-brother, Hugh
Brown, was killed near what is now Newton
Hamilton. Colonel Bratton settled on a part of
the old homestead and built the stone house by
the burying-ground, now owned by James Kyle,
where he died over eighty years of age. A saw-
mill was built on the stream above the burying-
ground, and in 1708 one was erected on a stream
below. The race of the last is still to be seen.
He had two children, Andrew and Elizabeth
(Mrs. James Langton). The last settled on the
homestead. Andrew married Rebecca, a daugh-
ter of Samuel Holliday, and for several years
was a merchant in McVeytown, and engaged
also in the mill which, with Samuel Holliday,
his brother-in-law, he built and which is now
in ruins above the canal. In 1827, his wife
having died, he married a daughter of Adam
Holliday, of Hollidaysburg, who now resides
with her son-in-law, D. M. Dull, of Lewistown.
About this time he retired to the homestead,
where he lived till his death. He was a mem-
ber of the Legislature in 1834-35. A store had
been kept at the old Bratton homestead before
1827 by William Armstrong. The island iu
the river of)posite the house of Israel Zook is
known as Pompey's Island, and is said to have
derived its name from Pompey, a slave of Col-
onel William Bratton, to whom it was given.
General John Ross married Sarah, a daughter of
Andrew Bratton, by his first wife.
Of the many Brattons who took up lands at
an early day, George Bratton took up on war-
rants about a thousand acres in this and adjoin-
ing townships. He also purchased other lands
in this township of Edward and Jacob Bratton
and others.
He died before 1798, and his son George was
his executor. He had come to the township many
years before, and lived adjoining Nathaniel
Standly, or Stanly, where he had two distil-
leries. He conveyed to his son Edward, Sep-
tember 28, 1784, an improvement adjoining
lands of William Bratton and James Crisswell.
William Junkin was led to visit this section of
country by his old acquaintances, the Brattons
and the Hollidays, and took out a warrant,
August 6, 1766, for one hundred and fifty acres
of land, (now owned by William Harshbarger),
where he erected a log house, and about 1782
built a grist-mill and in 1790 a saw-mill. His
children M'ere James, who lived and died on
the homestead; Andrew, who moved tolMcVey-
town, where he was a merchant for several years,
and moved to Lewistown, where he died ; Mrs.
T. M. Uttley, of Lewistown, is a daughter. Of
the daughters, Rebecca became the wife of
Archibald Moore and settled in what is now
Oliver; Jane married John McCoy and settled
in what is now AValton township ; Catharine
married David Lusk and moved to !McVey-
town ; two of the daughters became Mrs. John-
ston and Mrs. Steele. On the 13th of Octo-
ber, 1836, Richard Miles, as administrator of
the estate, offered for sale three hundred acres,
grist-mill, saw-mill, chopping-mill, four tenant-
houses and two apple orchards. It was sold to
William A. Moore, and the homestead now be-
longs to Wallace Harshbarger. In 1836
Joseph Price was running the grist-mills.
John Beatty, a native of Ireland, came to this
country, and on the 21st of October, 1772, took
out a warrant for one hundred and fifty acres of
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
615
land, now in part owned by William Harsh-
barger. He had but one son, George, who died
young, and six daughters, of whom Jane mar-
ried John Ferier; Catharine, Thomas Knox;
Margaret, John Dull; Susan, Alexander Stew-
art ; Elizabeth, Robert Forgy ; and Martha
remained single. John Beatty was a weaver,
and carried on the business at the place. He
lived until after 1800, and the farm passed to
his daughters.
John Beard took out a warrant for two hun-
dred acres of land March 27, 1788, and on No-
vember 24, 1795, for seventy acres. Samuel
Beard warranted two hundred acres November
2, 1785, and March 24, 1789, two hundred acres.
The land John Beard located was on Shank's
Run, where, in 1793, he had a saw-mill. In
1836 a mill on the site was owned by John
Montgomery.
George Mitchell (3d) married a daughter of
John Beard, and lived east of the Beard farm
(now Kauffman's). On the 3d of June,l 762, James
Galley took out a warrant for two hundred acres
of land in right of George Mitchell, who settled
upon it. In 1783 he was assessed on three hun-
dred acres, which in 1793 was assessed to his
widow. A saw-mill was later erected on a small
run, which In 1836 was owned l)y Abraham
Kauffman.
Marshall Stanley in 1783 was in possession
of three hundred and twenty -four acres of land
in Wayne township (now Bratton) opposite Mc-
Veytown, and on which Mattawana stands. In
1793 he owned two hundred acres. On May
10, 1802, Nathaniel Stanley, his son, sold the
land to Joseph Yoder, who came to the town-
ship from Beni, Berks County, and settled upon
it. Nathaniel Stanley married Mary, a sister of
Archibald Moore, and moved to the West.
Joseph Yoder lived on the farm until his death
and the property was left to his sons, John,
Christian and Joseph, who settled there, and
whose heirs still own a part of the property.
David Harshbarger also owns a part. A part
of the Stanley tract was patented May 5, 1773,
to Samuel Wharton. Another part was pat-
ented as " Mount Pleasant." Application was
made for a part, December 15, 1776, to Samuel
Brown, and patented as " Stanley's Choice."
The Rev. Matthew Stevens in 1783 owned
one hundred and twenty-five acres of land ad-
joining James Crisswell, on the Juniata River.
In 1802 he was living in Huntingdon County,
and July 19tli sold the farm to Nathaniel
Stanley.
John Carlisle in 1783 was living on fifty
acres of land, which, with one hundred and fifty
acres additional, he received a warrant for Feb-
ruary 27, 1787. He had several children, who
sold the farm. It was for many years in pos-
session of David Bell, and is now owned by
Lewis Hesser.
On the 18th of March, 1793, .John Anderson
took out a warrant for four hundred acres of
land on the mountain back of Longfellow Sta-
tion ; October 20th, the same year, Joseph took
out a warrant for three hundred acres; Febru-
ary 28, 1794, William warranted four hundred
acres; March 12th, the same year, Thomas
warranted four hundred acres; May 21, 1795,
Samuel took out a warrant for three hundred
and fifty acres ; December 22, 1814, Samuel
Anderson warranted one hundred acres where
Longfellow Station now is. This land was
mostly on the mountain and was never used for
farming purposes, but for its timber. Samuel
lived near Longfellow Station and died unmar-
ried.
The first of the name of Crisswell who took
up land in this county were Elijah and Benjamin,
who, June 1, 1775, took out a warrant for
twenty acres ; August 4th, of the same year,
Elijah took up twenty-five acres ; March 29,
1775, Charles warranted twenty-five acres;
June 12, 1 786, John took up forty acres ]
March 23, 1787, Elisha warranted forty acres
which was appropriated on a previous order of
January 30th, the same year, to Alexander and
Archibald Stewart. Elijah warranted seventy
acres April 4, 1789. In 1783 James Crisswell
is assessed on oue hundred and sixty acres and
Robert Crisswell's heirs on one hundred acres.
In 1793 John Crisswell is assessed on one hun-
dred and forty acres. The tract of Robert
Crisswell was about a mile below Jlattiiwaua
and is now owned by Levi Hartzler. The farm
was sold to David Hartzler and passed to his
son Levi. He had one son, James, who mar-
616
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
ried Anna, a daughter of John Vance, and pur-
chased a farm of four hundred acres in Oliver
township and lived there for several years, and
moved to McVeytown, where he became engaged
in merchandising, contracting for the canal and
in the furnace. ^Mth John Oliver and Caspar
Didl he built the Columbia and Peach Bottom
dams. He was au associate judge of the
county, and postmaster of the borough of Mc-
Veytown. His sons Michael and John Vance
were associated with their father in business.
James Johnston, 8r., Lancelot, Edward and
Eicliard Johnston, were in 1783 owners of
three hundred and eighty acres of land across
from IMcVeytown, adjoining the Juukin prop-
erty; the family has long since dis;\ppeared.
John INIcCoy came from Northumberland
County, near Sunbury, about 1790 and settled
in the family of William Junkin, whose daugh-
ter Jane he afterwards married. He died about
1820. William, the eldest son, settled in Mc-
Veytown, where he was a merchant, justice of
the peace and burgess of the borough. Sarah,
a daughter, married Thomas Jacobs and lived in
Wayne township, (now Oliver). John became a
clerk at the Tyrone Forges and later manager
of iron-works in different parts of the State-
Catharine, Margaret and Nancy remained un-
married. Rebecca became the wife of Captain
Mathias Neice, of IMcVeytown. James G. set-
tled in McVeytown, where he conducted the
business of a saddler and harness-maker for
many years and still resides in the borough.
Thomas F. McCoy settled also in the borough,
published the Village Herald from 1843-4o and
in 1846-74 was in theMexican War. In 1850 was
elected jjrothonotary of the county and moved to
Lewistown, where he still resides and is an at-
torney-at-law. He was active in the late Rebel-
lion and attained distinction in the service.
Schools. — The township of Bratton was
erected in 1851 and at that time contained three
school districts, known as Bratton, Humphrey
and Yoder. At present there are six schools
and three hundred pupils in attendance.
The earliest school-house of which anything
is known was built of logs on the old Bratton
farm about 1880. James Jacobs was a teacher.
In 1834 Andrew Bratton built a brick school-
house on his farm, which for many years was a
pay-school and became one of the district-houses
in 1851, when Bratton was divided into school
districts. A log house was erected on the Yoder
farm soon after the Bratton house, which was
used many years.
A log school hovise, with greased paper for
window-lights, was erected on the John Beard
farm before 1800. William White was a
teacher. He was succeeded by his son William,
who taught after 1812. Alexander McKinstry
also taught there. A new log house was built
on the site, which, about 1838, was replaced by
the stone house still standing. It was aban-
doned upon the erection of the frame building
a short distance above it. The first directors
elected after Bratton became a township were
William A. Pecht, Charles Bratton, Joshua
Yoder, Michael Yontzey, Daniel Yoder and
Thomas Rook. The township at present has
six schools and has three hundred pupils attend-
ing school.
The names of the justices of the peace who
have served the township since its erection, in
1851, are as follows:
1870. Thos. J. Robinson.
1871. Washington Watt.
1872. John Harshbarger.
1873. Christian K. Moist.
1874. Jonath. Bothecker.
1875. Samuel McClure.
1876. James Youngman.
1877. John Rhinehart.
1878. M. McLaughlin.
1881. John Wilson.
1882. A. K. Gunter.
1883. Daniel Rodgers.
1884. M. McLaughlin.
1885. Isaac Long.
1851. Henry Leatton.
Charles Bratton.
1854. Richard Bratton.
Adam Hartzler.
1856. Charles Bratton.
1857. Thomas Fritz.
1858. Thomas McCord.
1859. John Wolf kill.
1860. Thomas Fritz.
1861. Moses Gillespie.
1862. Charles Bratton.
1866. James Powell.
1867. John Wolfkill.
1868. William Reynolds.
1869. Richard Bratton.
CHAPTER XII.
UNION TOWNSHIP.i
The territory that now comprises Union and
Menno townships was part of Derry from 1757
to 1770, when Armagh was erected, with Jack's
mountain as the dividing line. Its territory
' By Miles Haffley.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
617
remained in Armagh from tiiat time until 1790,
when it was erected, embracing tlie western part
of Armagii township. It was the iirst town-
ship erected after the organization of Mifflin
County. At the j\Iarch term of MiiSin County
Court, 1790, a petition of the inhabitants of the
west end of Armagh township was presented,
asking that a new townsliip be formed, and that
the division line should begin at a certiiin sti-eam
of water extending from the Plumb bottom to
Kishacoquillas Creek, emptj'ing into the same
near the Widow Alexander's. The petition was
held under advisement until the June term of
court, when it ^vas ordered that the said town-
ship of Armagh be divided according to the
prayers of the petitioners, and that the town-
ship erected out of the west end be called and
known by the name and style of Union town-
ship, and that the inhabitants thereof choose
township officers according to law. It retained
its territoi-y without alteration until January,
18-37, Mhen Menno township was erected from
the west part.
The township is bounded north by Hunting-
don County ; east, by Brown township ; south,
by Jack's mountain, and west by Menno. The
Kishacoquillas Creek flows northeasterly through
it, and the settlements are along the creek in the
Kishacoquillas Valley, reaching back to the
foot of the hills. It contains two villages —
Belleville and Mechanicsburg.
The assessment roll of Union township is
here given for the year 1791, the first assess-
ment after the township was erected, —
General John Armstrong, 300 acres ; Dr. James
Armstrong, 1150 acres and slave; William Alexan-
der, 250 acres ; John Alexander, 200 acres ; Rosanna
Alexander, 200 acres ; Thomas Alexander, 100 acres ;
Joseph Alexander, 100 acres ; Nathan Allen, 100
acres; Robert Allison, 1(50 acres and still; Francis
Alexander, 100 acres; Edward Ashcroft ; Robert
Barr, Jr. ; David Barr, 250 acres ; Robert Barr, Sr. ;
George Bell ; Joseph Brown, 50 acres ; Joseph Clay-
ton, 100 acres ; John Campbell, 300 acres and 2 stills;
Robert Campbell, 250 acres ; John Emniett; William
Fleming, 1()0 acres; Henry Fleming; Robert Gard-
ner, 150 acres ; James Huston, 200 acres ; James
Hazlett, 180 acres and still; Andrew Hazlett, 500
acres ; Matthew Kenney, 200 acres ; Joseph Kyle,
400 acres ; William Lyons, 400 acres ; James Logan,
30 acres ; John McDowell. Esq., 250 acres ; James
McBride, 250 acres ; Hugh McClelland, 200 acres and
aslave; Thomas McElroy, 250 acres; Charles McClen-
ahan, 150 acres ; James Mateer, 30 acres and 2 stills;
Morris McNamara, 100 acres ; Alexander Mclntire;
Daniel McCalla, tan-yard ; Robert Nelson, .50 acres ;
Manuel Pecht, 50 acres ; Frederick Pecht, 50 acres ;
John Riddle, 300 acres; John Reed, 300 acres;
James Reed, 100 acres ; Joseph Swartzel, 400 acres ;
William Stewart, 100 acres ; Samuel Sample ; John
Steel, 200 acres ; Jonas Steel, 50 acres ; Jacob Steel,
.50 acres ; Daniel Steel, 50 acres ; Samuel Steel, 50
acres; William Sankey, 100 acres and 2 stills ; Rob-
ert Scott, 200 acres; Jesse Tanyer, 200 acres; Wil-
liam Vance, 260 acres and mill ; John Wilson, 300
acres ; Frederick Wyman, 60 acres ; Samuel Wills,
190 acres; William Young; Michael Yotter, 100
acres.
Early Locations. — As soon as it became
known that the land of the new purchase of
1754 was open for settlement, many flocked to
the country to select locations on which to settle.
The Sherman, Buffalo and Tuscarora Valleys,
and along the Juniata, attracted most attention,
and most of the locations made in 1755 were
in that region. Others, however, ventured
farther up and back into the valleys of the
streaius tbat flowed into the Juniata. One of
the first to locate in the valley of the Kishaco-
quillas Creek, was James Alexander. He was
a son 'of James and Margaret Alexander, natives
of Armagh, Ireland, where he was born in
1726, and when ten years of age emigrated
with his parents to America and settled in
West Nottingham, Chester County. From
there the flimily moved to Cumberland County.
When the purchase of 1754 was made, Hugh,
the elder brother of James, located in Sherman's
Valley, and James i)ushed further west to the
valley of the Kisliacoquilias, which attracted
him by the excellence of its soil, its valuable
timber, and the many fine springs in the vicin-
ity. He located a tract in 1754, and received
a warrant for it dated Feb. 5, 1755, the second
day after the opening of the Land Office. This
land when surveyed contained two hiuidred and
thirty-nine acres and one hundred and twenty-
five perches. It was resurveyed August 17,
1798, and found to contain two hundred and
sixtj'-one acres and seventy-six perches. He
made improvements upon this place and built
a log cabin. He was driven out in 175(), when
618
JUNIATA AND S['SQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the Indians were raiding in this section of coun-
try. About 1762, when the trouble with the
Indians had somewhat subsided, Mr. Alex-
ander and his wife Rosey (who was the daugh-
ter of Robert Reed, of Chambersburg), returned
to their home. A log house, with an outside
chimney-stack and a capacious fire-place, was
erected to take the place of the little log cabin.
This was replaced later by a stone house, which
is now part of the residence of the heirs of Na-
poleon B. Alexander.
In 1773 Mr. Alexander took out a warrant
for one hundred and eighty acres of land adjoin-
ing his other land; in 1786 one hundred and
fifty acres, and in 1793 two hundred acres;
other lands were also purchased. He served in
the Commissary Department of Washington's
army at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777-78.
For this service he received sixteen hundred
acres of land, which was located in Clearfield
County. He died in 1791 at the age of sixty-
six years, and was buried in the church-yard of
the West Kishacoquillas Presbyterian Church.
The lands in the valley were left to his sons
Robert,, John and James, and the Clearfield
County lands to his sons William B., Hugh,
Joseph and Reed.
The children of James and Margaret were
eleven in number, — Jane, Robert, Elizabeth,
John, James, Hugh, Joseph, Rachel, William
B., Rosanna and Reed. They were all born be-
tween the years 1763 and 1786.
Jane, the eldest child, married Colonel Alex-
ander Brown, brother of Judge William Brown.
He located a warrant for three hundred acres of
land in the year 1783 and later three hundi-ed
acres additional, now occu])ied by John R. Car-
ver, Jonas and John G. KaufFman. Col. Brown
settled on the land he first located and left it at
his death to his daughter Elizabeth, who was
the wife of Hugh Alexander. He died in Phil-
adelphia in 1791. His widow married David
Semple and removed to Stone Valley, Pa.,
where she died in October, 1841.
Robert, the eldest son, was born in 1766, and
settled near Stone Mountain on part of his
father's land. He married Elizabeth MeClure
in 1790 and remained on the farm until his
death, in 1843. He was for forty years a jus-
tice of the peace and in 1823 was elected to the
Legislature. His eldest daughter, Elizabeth,
married Alexander Gibboney, who settled in
the valley and whose family is quite numerous.
Silas, a son of Robert, settled on the homestead
and later sold the place to Yoder. The
tract is now owned by Joseph Z. Yoder, Jacob
Yoder and John Hays, Sr.
Elizabeth Alexander, daughter of James, was
born in 1768 and married, in 1786, John Wake-
field. They moved to Spencer County, Ky., the
next year, where their descendants are numer-
ous.
John ^Vlexander, the second son of James,
was born in 1769 and died in 1820. He mar-
ried Anna, the daughter of Henry Taylor, and
settled upon the middle section of his father's
lands, and built the house now owned and occu-
pied by James Alexander. It is said that Eo-
gan, in 1767-68, when he resided in this
vicinity, built his wigwam near the spring-house
on this farm, and that he cut upon an oak tree
near by the picture of an Indian with a toma-
hawk. This tree stood many years, and becom-
ing decayed at the top was finally cut down.
John Alexander had eight sons and four daugh-
ters, of whom Josiah settled on the homestead
of his father for several years and moved to
Mih'oy and died in 1847. Hugh, also a sou,
studied medicine with Dr. Josejjh Bard and Dr.
Joseph Henderson, and after attending lectures
at the Medical Department of the University of
Pennsylvania graduated in ]\Iarch, 1824, and
settled near Dayton, Ohio, where he was in
the practice of his profession, and died in 1865.
James, the fifth child of James and Rosa
Alexander, was born February 16, 1772, and
in 1792 married Jane Adams, born in Phila-
delphia September 15, 1776. Their children
are Mary, born 1793 ; Rosey, 1795; Elizabeth,
1798; James, November 27, 1801; William,
1803 ; Jessie, 1806 ; Jane, 1810 ; Robert, 1813;
Matilda, 1816 ; Napoleon B., 1819. James
Alexander improved a mind naturally strong
and active by varied reading, and was regarded
as a man of more than ordinary intelligence.
He died April 17, 1847, in his seventy-sixth
year, and his wife July 27, 1834, aged fifty-
eight years.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
619
James Alexander, the subject of this biograpli-
ical sketcli, though trained by his father to the
occupation of a farmer, was led by his restless,
enterprising nature to si^end a large jiortion of
his busy life in the more exciting pursuits of
merchandising and trading. He removed to the
farm two years after his marriage, aud while
managing varied interests abroad, still retained
it as his home. Through many vicissitudes his
business tact, good management and ceaseless
married to Cclia, daughter of Robert Alexander,
Esq., of Kishacoquillas Valley. Their children
are Jane Elizabeth, wife of Rev. Leiferd Lease
Haughawout ; James Porterfield, married to
Annie Augusta Halsey, daughter of Joseph J.
and Mildred J. Halsey, of Virginia ; Celia
Anna ; Missouri Mary ;' Napoleon B., deceased ;
Matilda Virginia, deceased ; Lucy Josephine,
deceased ; Robert Ard, married to INIaggie, daugh-
ter of Charles Maclay and granddaughter of
energ)' brought a reasonable measure of success.
Among his possessions is a section of land in
Illinois, where he has been extensively engaged
in farming. Though a firm adherent to the
principles of Democrac}^ ]\Ir. Alexander never
accepted or held office, preferring the honors to
fall upon those who participated in the active
work of the party. Though not a member, he
has ever been a willing supporter of the I^ast
Kishacoquillas Presbyterian Church. Mr. Alex-
ander was, on the 17th of Fel)ruarv, 1834,
Judge Robert Maclay, of ilifflin County ; and
Emma Rosalind.
Napoleon B, a son of the third James, lived
on the site of the residence of the first James
aud his heirs now reside there.
Rachel Alexander, the daughter of James,
the settler, was born in 1780, marrietl David
Sample and settled near Belleville. He died in
1827 and his wife in 1833. Their children
settled in the vicinity. William Brown Alex-
ander, the ninth child of James, was born in
tJ20
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
1782 and in 1806 married Nancy, the daugliter
of John Davis, of the valley. In 1800 he went
with his father to Clearfield County to make
choice of his portion of land. His brothers had
sold their claims, reserving to William B. the
right of choice. In 1809 he removed to that
section with his wife and two children, where
he remained until within a few months of his
death, which occurred March 30, 1862.
Rosanna, the youngest daughter of James
Alexander, married John Taylor, also born in
the valley. They settled on the Taylor farm
for several years, and in 1806 moved to Ohio
and soon after settled on a tract of land, be-
tween the Big and Little INIiami Rivers, where
he died in 1843. She was living in 1878, aged
ninety-one years, and was surrounded by num-
erous descendants.
The place now owned by Henry Taylor, on
the ojiposite side of the road from James Alex-
ander, was once owned by the Hon. Samuel
Maclay. He surveyed many tracts of laud in
Mifflin County and took up for himself many
warrants. He died in Buifalo Valley October
.5, 1811.
There are many springs in the valley of
the Kishacoquillas, especially in the region of
the Alexander and Taylor lands. They are
nearly all claimed as the Logan Spring. One
of these is on the 2:)resent Taylor farm and said
to be the one at which Judge \A^illiam Brown
first met Logan, the Mingo Indian chief. He
related the incident as here given, —
"The first time I ever saw thatsprhig, my brother,
James Reed and myself had wandered out in the
%'alley in search of land, and, finding it very good, we
were looking for springs. About a mile from this we
started a bear and separated to get a shot at him. As
I was treading along, loolving .about on tlie rising
ground for the bear, I cam« suddenly upon the spring,
and, being dry, was more rejoiced to find the spring
than to have liilled a dozen bears. I set my rifle
against a banlv, rushed down the bank and lay down
to take a drink. Upon putting my head down, I saw,
reflected in the water on the opposite side, the shadow
of an Indian. I sprang to my rifle, when the Indian
gave a yell — whether for peace or war I was not just
then sufliciently master of my faculties to determine;
but upon my seizing my rifle and facing him, he
knocked up the pan of his gun, threw out the prim-
ing, and extended his open palm toward me in token
of friendship. After putting down our guns we again
met at the spring and shook hands. This was Logan,
the best specimen of humanity I ever met, either
white or red. He could speak a little English, and
told me there was another white hunter a little way
down the stream, and oftered to guide me to his camp.
There I met a Mr. Maclay. We remained together in
the valley near a week, looking for springs and select-
ing lands, and laid the foundation of a friendship
which has never had an interruption in the slightest
degree.
" We visited Logan at his camp, at Logan's Spring,
and Maclay and Logan shot at a mark at a dollar a
shot. Logan lost four or five rounds, and acknowl-
edged himself beaten. When we were about to leave,
he went into his hut and brought out as many deer-
skins as he had lost dollars, and handed them to Mr.
Maclay, who refused to take them, alleging that we
had been his guests, and did not come to rob him ;
that the shooting had been a trial of skill, and the bet
merely formal. Logan replied with dignity, and said :
' Me bet to make you shoot your best ; me gentleman,
and me take your dollar if me beat.' So he was obliged
to take the skins, or afl'ront his friend, whose sense of
honor would not allow him to receive a horn of
powder in return."
It is said the improvements were made on
the Taylor farm by one John Martin. It after-
wards passed to Samuel Maclay and others, and
in 1824 was bought by Samuel Taylor, whose
son, Henry P., now owns it. Henry Taylor was
the first of the family to locate land in this region,
and resided in what is now Brown township.
He married Rhoda Williamson, of Cumber-
land A'^alley, Pa., whose children were Robert,
Samuel W., Matthew, Henry, Joseph, David,
Mary (Mrs. McKinney), Ann (Mrs. Alexander),
Jane (Mrs. McNitt) and Rhoda (Mrs. Cooper).
Samuel W., of this number, was born No-
vember, 6, 1778, and married Elizabeth Davis,
whose birth occurred April 12, 1780. Their
children are Rhoda (Mrs. John Henry), born
November 16, 1804 ; Catherine (Mrs. Francis
McClure), October 10, 1806 ; Henry P., Feb-
ruary 19, 1809 ; John D., November 17, 1811;
Samuel W., February 25, 1816 ; James I.,
June 19, 1818; Robert M., January 7, 1821;
and Jane Ann (Mrs. Matthew Taylor), January
9, 1823.
Henry Patterson Taylor, the subject of this
biographical sketch, is a native of LTnion town-
ship, and was born on the land which was a
portion of his father's estate. His opportunities
for education were limited to the neighboring
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
621
district sciiool, with the Bible, the Shorter
Catechism and the speUing-book as the text-
books. After the hitter liad been partially
mastered and many precepts conned from the
former, he began the labor of his life as assist-
ant in his father's farming enterprises. He
inherited, on the death of the latter, a share of
the homestead and purchased the remainder,
receiving from his father one hundred and
eighty acres of land, as did each of his sons.
portant committees. He ha.s also filled many
offices connected with his township. He is
identified with the business enterprises of the
county as president of the Kishacoquillas Fire
Insurance Company, and secretary and treas-
urer of the West Kishacorjuillas Turnpike Com-
pany. He is, though not connected by mem-
bership with any church, a supporter of the
various religious denominations of the neijrii-
borhood.
He has from that time until the present been
largely interested in matters connected with the
farm. Mr. Taylor was, on the 22d of Decem-
ber, 1836, married to Elizabeth, daughter of
Robert Forsythe, of Lewistown, whose death
occurred on the 4th of August, 1840. Their
children are two daughters, — -Mary (^Irs. Alex-
ander Reed) and Lizzie (Mrs. John Reed), both
of Reedsville. Mr. Taylor has, as a Democrat,
been more or less active in local and county
politics. He was, in 1852-53, elected to the
State Legislature, and served on various im-
Robert and John Campbell were the fii"st of
the name who settled in this region. Robert
Campbell, Sr., about 1745 or 1750, emigrated
from the north of Ireland to America, and set-
tled in the State of Delaware. He removed
from there to Chester County, Pa., where he was
connected with the Fagg's Manor Presbvterian
Church. He remained there several years, and
in that time buried one child, William. In the
spring of 1 774 he remove<^l to Cumberland Coun-
ty (now Mifflin County) in company with John
Campbell, his lirother-in-law (the wife of the
622
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
former being a sister of the latter), eacli with a
family of three or four children. They arrived
at their future home May 6, 1774. Each built
a cabin near the spot where the stone house of
Robert Campbell, Jr., of Union township, now
.stands. They purchased four hundred and
eight acres of land which had been surveyed on
warrant issued to Tiiomas Ferguson, September,
1762, and deeded to Robert and John Campbell
April 19, 177.3, by William Henry. Robert
Campbell also warranted a large tract of laud
near his former pui'chase, which warrant bears
date May 4, 1774. This land, with many ad-
ditional acres, is still owned and occupied by
the descendants of Robert Campbell, Sr., and
his wife Jane, a Scotch woman. Their children
were, William, born 1760, died 1767; Alex-
ander, born 1762, died 1781; Elizabeth, born
1764, died, 1822; John, born October 18,1766,
died March, 1845 ; James, born 1768, died 1790 ;
William (2d), born 1770, died 1795; Isa-
bella, born 1772, died 1864 ; Robert, born 1774,
died 1828; Joseph, born March, 1776, died
August, 1857 ; Samuel, born September, 1778,
died September 19, 1841. Joseph Campbell,
father of Andrew W., in 1810-12, built a house
and barn on part of the old homestead, now oc-
cupied by R. D. Campbell, the youngest son of
Joseph. In 1813 he (Joseph) was married to
Elizabeth, second daughter of Hon. John Oliver,
who came to Juniata Valley in 1769 or 1770,
married Margaret Lyon, and had a family of
twelve children — four sons and eight daughters.
Four of the Campbells — three brothers, John,
Joseph and Samuel, and a cousin John — married
four of the Oliver sisters — Rachel, Elizabeth,
Nancy and Jane, respectively. From these
unious all of the Campbells of this county and
one family in Centre County are descended.
Joseph Campbell, Sr., lived during his life on
the old homestead and followed the business of
farming. His family consisted of Isabella, born
February 18, 1814, died December 9,1863;
Margaret Jane, born November 19, 1815; Jo-
seph, born November 6, 1817 ; Elizabeth Lyon,
born January 13, 1820, died February 7, 1883 ;
Hugh McCielland, born November 27, 1821,
died in Sacramento, Cal.,May 11, 1850 ; Andrew
William, born November 6, 1823 ; Robert
Douglas, born October 30, 1826 ; Mary Rachel,
born August 26, 1830, died November 17, 1859.
Mr. Campbell was a representative citizen, ac-
tive in the furtherance of all public enterprises,
and influential in the support of morality and
religion. He was early a member of the West
Kishacoquillas Presbyterian Church, aided in its
organization and in the erection of the edifice.
Andrew W. C'ampbell was born on the home-
stead, his whole life having been spent on the
ancestral land. His training at the common
schools was supplemented by a session at the
Tuscarora Academy in 1846-47, after which, on
returning home, he, in connection with his
brother, Robert D., assumed the management of
the farm. In 1851 the property was equally
divided between the two brothers, the north
portion of which was materially improved
by the subject of this sketch, who, by the
death of his brother, in 1857, came into full pos-
session, and now resides upon the land. Mr.
Campl)ell was, on the 22d of November, 1854,
married to Margaret J., eldest daughter ofGeorge
Wilson, Esq., and granddaughter of John Wil-
son, Sr., one of the early settlers of the valley.
Their children are, Nannie Argyle, born Oc-
tober 20, 1856, who died September 15, 1858,
and Lizzie M., born February 11, 1863. Mr.
Campbell was formerly in politics a Whig, and
later became a pronounced Republican. His
influence in promoting the interests of his party
and upholding its principles has been decided.
During the late Rebellion he was a stanch sup-
porter of the Union, and in June, 1863, on Lee's •
second invasion, at the call of Governor Curtin,
he, with others, raised a compan}' of mounted mill
tia, marched to the southern portion of the State
and, with many other citizen soldiers, checked
the incursions of the Confederate army. He
has filled the usual local offices, and been fre-
quently called to act as executor, administrator
and trustee. Mr. Campbell has from early life
been a member of the West Kishacoquillas
Presbyterian Church, and, as one of its trustees
for more than twenty years, assisted materially
in its management.
The Campbells were early settlers in the
township. The first of the name was Robert
Campbell, who warranted a large tract on the
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
623
4tli day of May, 1774. The family have held
these lands from that time to the present, and
they are now in possession of Robert, .Tosepli,
Andrew W. and Robert D. Campbell, grand-
children, and John A. Campbell, son of Robert.
Of other lands warranted in the township are
the following : Ephraim Blaine, 109 acres, war-
rant dated July 1(3, 1762; John MoKce, 106
acres, August 1, 1766 ; Christian Voght, 159
acres, February 24, 1773 ; Samuel Maelay, 352
Peachey and the heirs of (iidcion K. Peachey.
Colonel John Armstrong warranted, in different
tract*!, about 1762, about one thousand acres of
land. These lands very largely passed about
1790 and a few years later to the Mennonites
and Amish. At the present time, out of tliree
hundred and sixty-three taxables, one htmdred
and forty-three are of these people. They are
followers of Menno Simon, who was born about
1492 in West Friesland, educated as a priest
acres, August 1, 1766 ; David Johnson, 106
acres, April 16, 1767 ; Caleb Gordon, July 10,
1762. A part of this cotton tract is now owned
by David Y. Renno, Christian K. Yoder and
Christian Renno.
William Baker warranted a tract of two hun-
dred and twenty-eight acres, now owned by
Francis McClure, September 23, 1776. A part
of the Maelay tract and the David Johnson
lands are now owned by the heirs of Robert P.
Maelay. The remainder of the ]\Iaclay tract is
owned by Josejih H. jNIaclay, Christian K.
and installed as vicar of Pingium in 1524. He
soon after began to be troubled in reg-ard to
certain doctrines of the church and to study the
New Testament for himself, and in 1531 re-
nounced popery, and there soon after gathered
around him a number who had followed the
same spirit of investigation, and he, at their re-
quest, became their leader or pastor. From this
small beginning there grew up a large and flour-
ishing sect.
The Mennonites and Amish of the town-
ships of Union and Memio are descendants of
624
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the settlers who came to Lancaster County from
1717 to 1733. The Amish were a branch of
the Meunonites, who sj)rang up under a Jacob
Amish, who labored under the impression that
the discipline of the followers of Menno was too
lax, and by his preaching succeeded in gaining a
few adherents, some of whom came to this
country about 1718, and about 1726 came to
Lancaster County.
The Hartzlers, Yoders, Peacheys, Rennos,
Zooks and others began to emigrate from Lan-
caster and Berks Counties about 1791. The
Zug,Zuke or Zook family were originally from
Switzerland. The first of the family who
came to this country were Moritz, John and
Christian Zug. They settled about 1740 in
Chester County. Moritz moved a little later
to what is now Berks County, where he had
five sons, of whom John and Christian, in
1791-93 came to the valley of the Kishaco-
quillas, purchased land and settled ; John died
in 1804. From these two early settlers sprang
all of the name now in Mifflin County. Chris-
tian Zook's land was warranted December 4,
1792 ; John Hartzler, February 4, 1794*; Mich-
ael Yoder, the same date. The society in these
townships of Menno and Union are divided
into three parts, — the old school, new school
and the Peachey branch. Their ministers are
chosen from their own members and not spec-
ially educated for the ministry. Prior to 1868
meetings were held in private residences. In
that year the new school erected their first
church, which was in Union township. The
first services were held in the new house Aug-
ust 9, 1868. The next year, 1869, the society
erected a house of worship in Menno toMuiship.
The old school and the Peachey branch still hold
their services in private houses.
Mills and Tanneries. — The grist-mill on
the west bank of the Kishacoquillas, now owned
by John Yoder, is on the site of a grist-mill
erected by James Poe in 1794. It was owned
by the family until November 1, 1835, when
Mary Poe conveyed it to Samuel Holliday, who,
in 1838, enlarged and improved it, putting in
four run of burrs. He operated the mill until
April 29, 1850, when he sold to John Lapp,
who, on May 31, 1851, conveyed one-half in-
terest to Isaac Plank, and March 28, 1857, the
other half interest to John Yoder. It was con-
tinued by this firm until April 17, 1863, when
Yoder sold his interest to Finley Strunk, and
March 7, 1868, Plank conveyed his half of the
mill property to Strunk, who, March 25, 1870,
sold the property to William Heddens, who op-
erated it until his death. Jonathan Peachey, his
executor, conveyed it March 31, 1880, to John H.
Yoder, the present owner. The mill has been
repaired at an expense of two thousand dollars.
A saw-mill was run in connection witii the grist-
mill, and on the same stream. In October,
1882, John H. Yoder sold the saw-mill to Shem
Byler, who sold it to Joseph B. Hostetter, who
enlarged and improved it, and in the spring of
1885 introduced steam-power in addition, and
also erected a lath-mill, which is run by water-
power. About two miles east of Belleville John
Hartzler erected a carding-mill before 1800, in
which he carried on the business of carding un-
til 1820, when he sold the mill to Jacob Byler,
by whom it was continued until 1835, when the
machinery was taken out and the building was
fitted up as a grist-mill, with two run of burrs,
and operated by Mr. Byler until 1843, when he
sold it to A. G. Gibboney & Brothers, who
kept it eleven years, and sold the property to A .
F. Gibboney, who is the present owner. The
old mil! was torn down in 1863 and a larger
mill was erected on its site. About 1812 Jacob
Plank built an oil-mill near the foot of Stone
Mountain, and about two miles west of Belle-
ville. He, a few years later, sold to James
Mateer, who erected, in addition, a carding and
fulling-mill, and, in 1834, sold the property to
William McCullough. David Young, as ten-
ant, conducted the business until his death, in
1 848, purchasing the property about 1844. After
the death of Mr. Young the property changed
hands and was soon after abandoned. Crawford
Kyle and Robert jNIilliken, about the year 1816,
erected a carding-mill in Belleville, which was
rim a few years, when the machinery was taken
out and jjut in the Hartzler mill.
In 1824 Alexander Gibboney erected a fulling-
mill, to which weaving was added a few years
later, and, in 1836, an addition was made to
the building, and machinery introduced for the
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
625
manufacture of wooleu cloth. In November
of that year the mill was entirely destroyed by
fire. A new building of brick was erected in
1837 and fully equipped as a woolen-factory.
It was continued under the management of
Alexander Gibboney until 184;}, ;vhen the prop-
erty came to the possession of A. G. Gibboney
& Brothers, who, in that year, built a stone ad-
dition, enlarged the business and continued
until 1854, when Robert A. Gibboney bought
the interest of A. G. Gibboney. Under this
management it continued for some years, when
Adolphus F. Gibboney purchased the interest
of his brothers and is now the sole owner of the
property.
The mill now owned by .Jonas K. Renno was
long known as the McClellan Mill. It is sit-
uated on the south bank of the Kisliacoquillas
Creek, about two miles south of Belleville.
The property, in 1811, belonged to Joseph Zook,
who in that year sold it to James and Jesse
Adams. In Juh-, 1818, they conveyed it to
Hugh McClellan. After his death, at the April
term of court, 1824, the property was taken at
'appraisement by William IMcClellan and John
Musser. The wife of the latter (he being de-
ceased) sold her interest. May 14, 1832, to Robert
McClellan, who had, by article of agreement,
October 5, 1831, bought the half-interest of
William IMcClellan, who operated it many
years, and, upon his death, devised it to Rebecca
McClellan. David Zook, as her executor, sold
it to Henry Swartzel April 4, 1873. It passed
to John Swartzel September 10, 1881, who soon
after sold to Jouas K. Renno, the present owner,
who, in 1883, thoroughly repaired the mill, and
introduced as additional power a twenty-four
horse-power steam-engiue and erected a saw-mill.
In 1829 Robert Alexander built a large grist
mill and distillery in Sankey's Gap, about two
miles north of Belleville. It was carried on
after his death by his widow, and after her
decease the property was bought by James
Alexander, who continued business for a few
years, when it was abandoned. The property
is still owned by James Alexander.
In 1824 Christian Yoder was assessed on a
tannery in the township of Union, which was
on the site of Belleville. It is long since aban-
40
doned. A tannery was built in Belleville many
years ago, and was first owned l)y Spear.
He was succeeded, respectively, l^y With-
ington, .John Mclvee, Peter Albright and Isaac
Miller; the last-named tore away the vats and
fitted the tan-house as a blacksmith-shop.
In 1845 a tannery was built, by Joseph A.
Bell, about oue-fourth of a mile northwest of
Belleville, on the road leading from Belleville
to Greenwood Furnace. It was owned later
by David Weiler, David Semple, John G. Zook,
and, in 1882, Zook conveyed it to Samuel Yo-
der. It was continued by him until his death,
in 1884, and was sold to Christian Z. Yoder
and David L. Byler, who rented the property to
David Fultz, who is now conducting it.
Schools. — At the November term of court,
1834, William P. Maclay and David Zook were
appointed school directors under the school law
of April 1st, in that year. At a meeting of
the directors held March 5, 1835, they resolved
to establish in the township (Menno not then
being erected) nine school districts, four of
which were in what is now Menno. The schools,
five in number, that were located in what is
now Union, were as follows : Near Abraham
Zook's, near Gibboney's fulling-mill, near
Greenwood, near Haffley's and at Sankey's Gap.
There are at present in the township nine
school-houses, as follows : Two at Belleville (one
brick, one frame), at Ore Bank (frame), at Gib-
boney's Mill (frame), near Alexander's (old),
near Kauffman's, near Yoder's (brick, built in
1872), Semple's .school-house and one in Me-
chanicsville. The present directors are Rev. R.
M. Campbell, Pres't. ; David H. Zook, Sec'y. ;
Howard Gibboney, James T. Hills, Jacob K.
Detweiler and William J. Hays.
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
Samuel W. T.iyIor.
Geu. David Milligan.
James Wills.
Joseph HatBey, 1845-75.
Levi Glass.
Miles Haffley.
Saimiel Lance.
BELLEVILLE.
The first settler on the site of the town ^\as
Joseph Greeuwood, a blacksmith, who opened
a shop at the place. Settlers gathered around
him slowly and it became known as Greenwood,
bv which name it was known until the establish-
626
JUxNflATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
nient of the post-office, when it was changed to
Belleville. A sickle- factory was established with
a blacksmith-shop by Jesse Tauier, and Samuel
Lewis. William McNabb, James Robson and
Michael Castner were all blacksmiths on the
south side of the creek. Isaac Miller built a
blacksmith-shop on the north side of the creek,
which he conducted until 1854, when he sold
to Jesse W. Horton, who began the business
and is still conducting it. The first saddler in
the town was Andrew Means ; of others were
John McBride, Samuel Alter, Augustus and
William Hemphill. Lewis E. Schuchl opened
a saddler-shop in 1871 and still continues.
John A. McClure, who also has a shop, began
in 1874.
The first store in the town was kept by Kirk
ct Steel in the house now occupied by William
M. Harman.
Henry Steely, before 1814, purchased a tract
of land of Christian Yoder, on which the most
of Belleville is located. Steely sold the store,
in 1814, to Robert Milliken and Crawford
Kyle, who continued until 1822, when it was
again bought by Henry Steely, and continued
by him until his death, in 1834. He built the
stone house now owned by John Sankey, to
■which place he moved the store. His widow
and Hugh Moran I'ontinued tlie store until
1850, when the goods were sold at auction and
the store abandoned. About 1860 Levi Ment-
zer, Sr., of Lancaster, bought the store-house,
and, with his nephew, Levi A. Meutzer, opened
a dry goods and grocery store, which they con-
tinued until 1870, when the younger partner
sold to Levi Meutzer and went West. The
store was managed from that time until the
death of Mr. Meutzer by himself and his son,
Alfred Mentzer, after which the goods were
sold at auction, and in 1877 the store-house
was sold to Mifflin D. Snyder, who, with Wil-
liam G. Roper, opened a store, which was con-
tinued for one year, after which the house was
purchased by John Sankey, and is now used as
a private residence.
Of others who have kept store for a short
time in Belleville were Jesse Adams, Andrew
W. Oliver and David Milliken, the two last in
1830. In the west end of the town John
Clayton was the first to open a store. It was
on the tojj of the hill, in the building now oc-
cupied as a dwelling by Laurence Stroup and
Henry Fox. Samuel Culbertsou, in 1833,
opened a store opposite Clayton. He was suc-
ceeded by Joseph A. & William Bell, and in
1847 it was owned by Haas & McNabb, who
kept until 1853, when they built a new store
building north of and on the opposite side of
the street, where they continued business until
1868, when it was bought by A. F. Gibboney,
who, with Washington C. Nelson as a partner,
carried on the business until 1881, when Mr.
Gibboney bought the interest of Nelson and
carried on the store until February, 1882.
The business was then sold to John McNabb
and Frank Culp, who continued until the
spring of 1885, when Culp sold to McNabb,
who took in his son in partnership, and by
whom, as McNabb & Son, the business is now
carried on.
Daniel Overholser and Isaac Stirk were each
conducting a store in the town in 1830; but,
in 1839, Overholser built, in the east end of
the town, a store-house and residence, and began
business in that place. In 1847 Isaac Stirk
became a partner, and remained three years,
and sold to Overholser, who, in 1855, sold to
Samuel Watts, who now owns the property
and is conducting the store. Since his first
purchase he has had, as partners, Samuel Haf-
fley, David Secrist and John Robier. In 1871
he sold the business to William J. & Joseph
W. Fleming, who carried it on until 1877,
when Mr. AVatts again became the owner. A
drug-store was built, in 1861, by Albert G.
Gibboney, who became associated with his bro-
ther. Dr. Samuel R. Gibboney.
In 1864 Dr. Gibboney went into the ai-my as
surgeon and the business was continued by Wil-
liam M. & S. R. Gibboney, sons of A. G.
Gibboney, until 1882, when William M. Gib-
boney erected a large drug store and continued
the business.
The first tavern in the town was kept by
James Poe before 1836. It is in the east end
of the town and was later kept, i-espectively, by
John Reed, William Means, Frank McCoy,
Isaiah Coplin, Jesse Wiugate, Joseph McElheuy,
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
627
Collar Wix, Jonathan Hough (who remained
nine years and until 185(3), Richard Brindle,
William Semple, Henry Selfridge and last by
John M. Bulich in 18(i3, when it was aban-
doned as a hotel.
John Clayton built a house in the west end of
the town, which he kept as a tavern for several
years. He was followed by Thomas Elliot,
James McDonald, Jesse Wingate (who kept it
until 1838), Joseph Goodheart, John Eobinson,
Collar Wix and Henry Selfridge in 1861, after
which time it was abandoned.
Joseph Goodheart erected, in 1845, a house
for tavern purposes, which was not used, how-
ever, until 1851, when it was owned by John
Brindle and rented by Collar Wix, and later by
William Swineheart, John G. Stewart and Col-
lar Wix. In 1858 the property was purchased
by Richard Brindle, who has kept it as a public-
house to the present time.
The first post-office was kept at the east end
of the town by John Reed about 1800. He was
succeeded by George iMeans and by Rev. Wil-
liam Kennedy, from 1810 to 1822 ; Frank Mc-
Coy and Isaiah Coplin. It was during the
administration of these postmasters at the place
first opened by Reed, after Mr. Coplin's term
expired, Jesse Wingate was appointed and the
office was removed to the extreme west end of
the town. lu 1838 Dr. George V. Mitchell
was appointed, and kept the office in the base-
ment of his house (now occupied by Dr. John
Floyd) until 1842, when Joseph Goodheart was
appointed and held the office one year, when
David Overholser was appointed and moved the
office to his house, now occupied by Samuel
Watts. It has since been kept by H. S. Mc-
Nabb, Lewis N. Cogley, H. S. McNabb, Levi
A. Mentzer, Albert G. Gibboney, Washington
C. Nelson. The latter served until his death,
March 15, 1885. John McNabb served as
deputy until the appointment of the present
postmaster, William ]\I. Gibboney, who keeps
the office in his drug-store.
Presbyteiuax Chukch. — The early his-
torv of this church will be found in the sketch
of the Presbyterian Church of Allonville, where
it was organized, and where, for many years,
the only church edifice of the congregation was
located. The present brick edifice at Belleville was
erected in 18(10, at a cost of four thousand
dollars.
The pastors since 1860 are here given. Rev.
Robert B. Moore was called to the charge of
the Allenville and Belleville congregations in
1860 and served until the fall of 186G. In the
spring of 1867 the present pastor, the Rev. R.
M. Campbell, received a call to become their
pastor, which he accepted and is still in charge.
Methodist Episcopal Church. — The
church was organized at Mechanicsville in 1835
or 1836, with the Rev. Thompson Mitchell as
pastor. A brick church ^\■as erected, which
was destroyed by a storm. It was then de-
cided to erect a new frame building at Belle-
ville, which was begun and finished in 1844.
The Rev. Jacob Gruber succeeded the Rev. Mr.
Mitchell. He was followed by the ministers on
the circuit. The Rev. Mr. Memminger is noW
the pastor.
MECHANICSVILLE.
The land on which the town now stands was
the property of David Zook, and in the year
1832 he procured the services of Joseph Haffley,
a surveyor, to lay out fourteen lots, each con-
taining one-fourth of an acre, with a view of
selling them at moderate prices to mechanics
and laborers. To this plot he gave the name
of Mechanicsville. The lots were soon sold and
others have been added. In 1834 the Lutheran
Church was erected, and, soon after, the school-
house. The town at present contains twenty-
three dwellings and about one hundred inhab-
itants. The history of the Lutheran Church is
here given.
St. Johx's Evangelical Lutheran
Church. — This congregation was organized in
1834 as All Souls Lutheran Church, with the
Rev. Charles Kyle as pastor. A class of thirty-
one members were confirmed. The following
is a list of pastors, with terms of service :
Rev. Charles Kyle, from 1834 to 1S39 ; Rev. Chris-
tian Lepley, from July 4, 1839, to January, 1840;
Rev. Heister ; Rev. Adam Height, from January
1, 1845, to April 1, 1849 ; Rev. George Sill, from April
1, 1849, to March, 18.)'); Rev. Jacob B. Crist, from
1855 to 1857 ; Rev. J. X. Burkett, from 1S57 to 1859 ;
Rev. John C. Lunger, from 1859 to May li, 1861 ; Rev.
J. M. Steck, from August 2, 1861, to Januarv, 1870;
628
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Eev. J. M. Rice, from August 1, 1870, to 1875;
Rev. David Z. Foulk, from August, 1875, to 1879 ; Eev.
J. M. Steck, from 1879 to August, 1883 ; Rev. C. W.
Heisler, from October 18, 1883, to the present time.
The corner-stone of tlie first church edifice
was laid August 2, 1834, with appropriate ser-
vices by the Rev. Dr. Lochiuau, Rev. Mr.
Martin and the pastor. The building was of
brick, forty-five by thirty-five feet. Contract
was made with John Koser for its erection, for
the sum of eight hundred dollars. The edifice
was completed, dedicated and used tmtil 1880.
In the spring of 1879 agitation was begun
for the erection of a new church edifice and it
was fully decided to build, and preparations were
made and the material was on the ground. On
the 5th of March, 1880, a high wind occurred
and the church building was unroofed and the
west end blown in. The Presbyterian and
Methodist congregations of Belleville offered to
the society the use of their churches, which was
accepted for service once in two weeks. A lot
had been selected on the main road and on the
top of the hill about fifteen or twenty rods from
where the old church stood. The corner-stone
of the new building was laid June 12, 1880,
with impressive sermons conducted by the pas-
tor, the Rev. J. M. Steck, the Rev. R. M.
Campbell, of the Presbyterian Church of Belle-
ville, and the Rev. J. M. Reimensnyder, of
the Lutheran Church of Lewistown, who
preached sermons appropriate to the occasion.
The church was completed in the fall and early
winter of 1880, and dedicated, December 12th
in that year, as St. John's Evangelical Church
at Mechanicsville. It was built of brick, forty
by sixty-five feet, with a steeple one hundred
and seven feet in height from the base. The
entire cost of the edifice, including two organs,
was eight thousand dollars.
In 1853 a dwelling and lot was purchased
for a parsonage, which was used until 1883, when
it was decided by the church council of the
entire Belleville charge that a new parsonage
should be erected at Mechanicsville on the west
side of the church. Contract was awarded to
Mr. Owen Coplin, of Milroy, for the erection
of parsonage and stable, at a cost of one thousand
five hundred and forty dollars, which, how-
ever, did not complete, as additional work to the
amount of three hundred dollars was put upon
it. The old parsonage and lot were sold in
December, 1883. The grave-yard, which was
a part of the old church lot, is still used.
KlSHACOQUILLAS MuTUAL FiRE InSURANCK
Company. — This company was incorporated
by the courts of Mifflin County February 9,
1854, for the purpose of insurance in this and
surrounding townships in the Kishacoquillas
Valley. The office is located at Belleville.
Since the organization of the company there
have been assessments made to the amount of
.$31,670.67 ; the amount of losses paid during
that time was |25,996.34. The number of
policies in force December 31, 1884, was four
hundred and eighty-nine. The amount of
premium notes held by the company on poli-
cies issued and in force is $49,971. The total
value of property insured is $1,191,849.
The present officers and directors are Henry
P. Taylor, president ; G. Gibboney, secretary ;
R. J. McNitt, Ner Thompson, John P. Tay-
lor, William B. Kyle, Joseph H. Maclay, Nich-
olas Hartzler.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
JOHN W. WILSON.
John Wilson was born September 26, 1751, at
Newtown-Limavaddy, on the Row-Water, Lon-
donderry County, Ireland. This was his home
until September, 1770, when, at the age of nine-
teen years, he emigrated to the United States of
America, landing at New Castle, Del., and one
month after he settled two miles west of Reeds-
ville, Kishacoquillas Valley, Mifflin (then
Cumberland) County, Pa. He soon after moved
ten miles farther west, in the same valley, into
what is now Menno township, where he en-
gaged in farming. This was his home for
sixty-two years. Here he died September 11,
1832, aged nearly eighty-one years.
He became a member of the Presbyterian
Church in his native land, and brought a cer-
tificate of membership with him to his adopted
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
629
country, uniting with the Presbyteriau Cimrch
of West Ki.shaco(juilla.s, in which he became a
ruling elder, holding the office until his death,
a period of about forty years.
He married, in 1782, Margaret Fleming,
who' was born at Fagg's INIanor, Chester
County, Pa., December 17, 1764, and wlio died
June 2, 1829, aged sixty-four years, five months
and sixteen days. Her father's name was John
Fleming, and her mother's maiden-name was
John, born July 3, 1791, who married Mary
Scott, and died March 12, 1870. His wife died
September 22, 1878, aged seventy -one years.
James, born August 22, 179.J, who married
Jane Hope, sister of Rev. Matthew B. Hope,
CD., missionary to China, and afterwards
secretary of tlie General Assembly's Board of
Education, then professor in Princeton College,
New Jersey. She having died May 26, 1829,
he married Isabella Stewart. Died Jan. 6, 1837.
: y/i^L^.^
Mary Hays. They had twelve children who
lived to adult age, — eight sons and four daugh-
ters, viz. :
David, born September 11, 178.'}, died June
11, 1822. He was unmarried.
Mary, born September .30, 1785, who married
Richard Allison, and died October 8, 1852.
Ann, born August 28, 1787, who married
William Hazlet, and died December 29, 1837.
Sarah, born July 17, 1789, who married
Robert Reed, and died August 14, 1860.
George, born May 28, 1795, who married
Nancy Taylor February 22, 1821, and died
August 19, 1862. His wife died November 3,
uii.
Margaret, born July 2, 1797, married James
Wilson March 20, 1825, a resident of Dauphin
County, Pa. She died February 18, 1848. They
had three sons and two daughters. James,
the eldest sou, a cavalryman, was killed at
Hartsville, Tenn., in the Civil War. Samuel
R. was wounded in the same war at Fort
630
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Blakley, near Mobile, Ala., while in command
as a prominent officer, leading his men in an en-
gagement, dying eight hours after the amputa-
tion of his leg. He was a graduate of Jefferson
College, Pennsylvania, and had the gospel
ministry in view. John F., the second son,
was a graduate of the same college, a captain
of a company in the same war, seriously
wounded at Vicksburg, Miss. ; left for dead,
but, rising, walked to his tent, being care-
fully nursed for three months by his brother
Samuel E. ; he measurably recovered, though
losing an eye and having an arm permanently
disabled. He was commissioned judge advo-
cate of Old Virginia by President Lincoln.
Became postmaster, under President Grant, at
Lynchburg, Va., for eight years. He is now
an attorney and engaged in other business.
Thus the Union cause in the Civil War was
well served by these three brothers.
William, born August 28, 1799, married
Eleanor Baily January 21, 1823, and died
March 14, 1881. He was commissioned a
major of the militia, and was a member of the
Legislature of Pennsylvania. His wife died
October 13, 1848, in the forty-sixth year of her
age. His second wife was Mrs. Rebecca Gon-
zales. She died January 1, 1875, aged fifty-
seven years, nine months and twenty-two days.
Thomas Jefferson, born Jfovember 18, 1801,
married Margaret Fleming, and died
They had three sons — John F., Joseph C,
Thomas J. — and four daughters, — Elizabeth,
Margaret, Sarah and Matilda.
Saimiel, born September 24, 1804, began
his academical education at Mifflintown, Juniata
County, Pa. ; graduated at Jefferson College,
Pa., September, 1828 ; studied theology at
Princeton Theological Seminary ; was licensed
by the Presbytery of Huntingdon, at Hunting-
don, Pa., April 5, 1831 ; preached the Ibllowing
Sabbath at Alexandria, in the same county, and
was there ordained and installed pastor, con-
tinuing to preach until illness from bronchitis
comjjelled him to cease, June, 1837. At the urgent
request of prominent men in Uniontown, Fay-
ette County, Pa., the same year, he started a
female seminary and also a boys' school, which
he conducted until April 1, 1840, when called
to the pastorate of Dunlap's Creek and McClel-
landtown Churches. The labor being too great
for him, in May, 1869, he removed to El Paso,
111., where he served the church until October
1, 1872, when, November 7, 1872, he removed
to Bloomington, 111., and served the church
of Normal for three years. He preached as
an evangelist, living at Streator, 111., for four
years ; then removed to Fairfield, Iowa, Sep-
tember 23, 1881, where he still lives, having
completed liis eighty-first year September 24,
1885.
He married Anna Maria Rodgers, of Mount
Pleasant, Pa., who still lives. He received from
Jefferson College the degree of Doctor of
Divinity. Their children were six sons and
two daughters, — three sons were graduates of
college ; two sons and one daughter are living.
John F., a captain in the Union Array,
was shot through lioth arms at Gettysburg.
He was wounded in the thigh while captain in
command of his company, supporting General
Sheridan in an engagment ; his limb was am])u-
tated, but he died in the hospital at City Point
April 15, 1865, five hours before President
Lincoln was assassinated. He was buried at
Dunlap's Creek, Pa. James G. Wilson is a
banker at Streator, 111. Rev. Joseph Rodgers
Wilson, D.D., is a professor in Parsons College,
Fairfield, Iowa.
Robert Fleming, youngest of the twelve chil-
dren, born February 9, 1808, began his edu-
cation for the ministry, but died September 30,
1824.
John Wilson had a brother David, who came
from Ireland with him, and married a Miss
Black, of Stone Valley, Huntingdon County,
Pa., and lived but a short time.
He had two sisters who, with their husbands,
also came over to America in company with
him and his brother.
Elizabeth had married a I\Ir. Gettys.
John and Joseph were their sons. The husband
dying, she married William Fleming, and
William, John, Joseph, Martin, Margaret (wife
of Thomas I. Wilson) and Elizabeth (wife of
Dr. William R. Finley) were their children.
Anna had married a Mr. McNitt. Both the
Gettys and McNitt families settled in Kishaco-
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
631
quillas Valley, aud among the children of the
McNitt family were Ann, who married Ephraim
Clark, and after his death she became the second
wife of William Hazlet. Mary became the
second wife of her cousin, John Gettys. Mar-
garet married John Shadle. Elizabeth and
Nancy were unmarried. James was killed at a
wedding, being thrown from a horse.
Sarah married Hugh Laird, and died at Port
Royal, Pa, March 15, 1885, in her eightieth
year, in the family of her daughter, Mrs. Robert
A. Robison.
George Wilson, at the age of twenty-five,
married, February 22, 1821, Nancy, a daughter
of Robert Taylor, of the same valley, where
they took up their residence on one of his
father's farms in Menno township, known as
the "Three Spring Farm," of which he became
the owner, and where he lived until his death,
August 19, 1862. His wife survived him until
November 3, 1877. She was born November
27, 1802.
His age was sixty-seven years, two months
and twenty-two days, and hers was seventy-
four years, eleven months and seven days.
Their children were five sons and four daughters.
Jefferson Taylor, who married Sarah Ann
Gonzales. Their children are Harry G. (now
of Kansas), Rebecca G., George T., Robert M.
and Nannie T.
Farming is his occupation, owning, besides the
farm on which he lives, several in Kansas,
Nebraska and Iowa.
John Wdliavison, of whom an account will
appear hereafter.
Robert Fleming, a Presbj-terian minister,
gi-aduate of Jeiferson College, of Princeton
Theological Seminary ; licensed at Huntingdon,
Pa., by the Presbytery of Huntingdon, June 14,
1854; ordained in McKeesport, Pa., November
20, 1856 ; pastor of First Church there eleven
years; afterwards pastor of Bedford Church,
Bedford, Pa., ten years; pastor of Port Royal
Church past seven and a half years, and still
there. He married, September 24, 1856, Eliza-
beth C, second daughter of Hon. James Mc-
Cullough, Cannonsburg, Pa. Their children are
Nannie Eliza (wife of Horace Brady Robinson,
chief engineer of the National Transit Oil Com-
pany, Bradford, Pa.), James McCullougb,
cashier of Everett (Pa.), Bank, Anna Margaret
and ]\Iary Josephine.
Margaret Jane, wife of Andrew W. Camp-
bell, for some years a farmer, but living at his
leisure at present. Lizzie M. is their only
daughter living. They have one dead.
Miles Cooper, a graduate of Jefferson College
and of Princeton Seminary ; licensed by the
Presbytery of Huntingdon ; for many years a
teacher ; preached a number of places, and died
June 15, 1870, while preaching in the churcii
of Sidney, Iowa. He was unmarried.
Henry Smith, a farmer and extensive owner
of lands in Kansas and Nebraska, as well as of a
fine farm in Mifflin County, on which he lives.
He married Sarah Elizabeth Fleming. Their
children are George T. (deceased), N. Amie,
Jennie T., James M., Richard and Joseph F.
Nancy Ann, unmarried.
Rhoda Mary, who married Joseph W. Flem-
ing, a farmer, then merchant, sheriff of Mifflin
County, aud now farming near Lewistown.
Their children are Nannie T., George, John,
Mary and Stella, with one deceased.
Sarah Reed, who married John A. Campbell,
a farmer.
George Wilson and his wife and their chil-
dren, with the husbands and wives of those
married, became members of the Presbyterian
Church of West Kisliacoquillas, except Rev.
R. F. Wilson's wife, who was a member at
Cannonsburg.
Jefferson T., John W. and Henry S. became
farmers. John W. was born June 23, 1823,
on the farm where his father lived and died,
which is now owned by the eldest son, Jefferson
T., and cultivated by him. The neighboring
public school furnished him all the education
he received in his youth. He and his older
brother became interested in the work of the
farm, and were thus invaluable assistants to
their father. In 1847 he married Margaret
N., daughter of 'Squire James Wills, of the
adjoining township of Union. One year after
he rented a farm in Menno township from his
uncle, John Wilson, on which he remained
fourteen years, cultivating its productive acres, to
the profit and satisfaction of his uncleand liimself.
632
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The health of his wife failing, he was obliged
to give uj) farming. At the urgent solicitation
of his mother-in-law, he, ■with his family,
moved to her home to reside, his wife's death
occurring soon after.
Their children were two daughters — E,. Tillie
(Mrs. James C. Fleming, of Tama County,
Iowa), and N. Ida (Mrs. M. F. Kenyon, of
Humboldt County, Iowa), and three sons, de-
ceased,— George T., James J. and an infant.
Mr. Wilson's father had purchased, some years
before his death, an adjoining farm, which,
with the one formerly in his possession, on
which he lived, he left at his death to Jeiferson
T., John VV. and Henry S. John W. sold his
interest to these two brothers, and purchased a
farm a mile distant, adjoining the mill and
farms of the McClellands (Robert, AVilliam and
Jane).
This farm was, in early days, noted for a
fort, where invaluable protection was afforded
from the Indians during the stirring scenes of
those times.
After occupying this farm for nineteen years,
he sold it in 1884. Some two years before he
had become the owner of one of the jMcClel-
land farms near by. He also has several farms
in Iowa and Nebraska. He now resides near
Belleville, Mifflin County, Pa., not specially
engaged in business other than the general care
and oversight of his farms. On the 6th of
December, 1866, Major John AY. Wilson mai--
ried Elizabeth A., daughter of Benjamin Gar-
ver, Esq., of Kishacoquillas Valley, whose
children are Bettie L. and John Taylor. He
was always interested in military matters, and
was an officer of the Mifflin County Cavalry for
a number of years. Subsequently the Governor
of the State commissioned him as a major.
When the State, during the late war, needed
defense from invading foes, he was among the
first to volunteer his services, and materially
aided the Union cause. He is in politics a
Republican, and has held various offices in his
township.
As executor of wills, administrator of estates,
guardian and in other positions where intel-
ligence aud integrity are demanded, his ser-
vices have often been sought. He is a member
of the Patrons of Husbandry and a director in
the Kishacoquillas Turnpike Company. For
many years he has been an acting elder in the
West Kishacoquillas Presbyterian Church, of
which his wife and daughter, Bettie L., are
members.
Never having used, in any form, tobacco or
intoxicating liquors, he is earnestly in favor of
temperance, and still enjoys good health.
JOHN HAYES, SR.
John Hayes is of Irish descent, Andrew, his
father, having married, in his native land, Jane
Alcorn, and with his wife emigrated before the
war of the American Revolution, and settled in
Lancaster, Pa. Their children were Robert,
Thomas, Edward, Andrew, John, Frank, Wil-
liam Henry, Sally and a child who died in
youth.
Their son John, the subject of this biograph-
ical sketch, was born March 6, 1797, in Lan-
caster County, when he remained until twenty
years of age, meanwhile enjoying such instruc-
tion as was irapaiied at the common schools.
Being desirous to become master of a trade, he
chose that of a plasterer, first pursuing his craft
at home and afterward for two years in Centre
County. He was, on the 25th of August, 1824,
married to Jane, daughter of John Alexander,
of Mifflin County, a descendant of Hugh Alex-
ander, of County Armagh, in Ireland. Her
birth occurred March 11, 1803. The children
of Mr. and Mrs. Hayes are William, born July
2, 1825; Henry, November 3, 1826; John,
July 9, 1828 ; Francis, March 1, 1830; Josiah,
April 1, 1833; Jane Ann, July 19, 1838;
William James, October 20, 1843. Of this
number William died in 1838, Jane Ann in
1843 and Francis in 1866. The death of Mrs.
Hayes occurred on the 10th of January, 1883.
]\Ir. Hayes, in 1824, made Mifflin County his
home, aud having already established a reputa-
tion for skill in his trade, found his services
much in demand. After a period of nearly
thirty years thus industriously spent, he pur-
chased the farm he now resides upon, and, aided
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
633
by the labor of his sons, cultivated and greatly
improved it. This land, together with an ad-
joining farm, are now worked by his sons James
and Josiah. A Democrat in politics, Mr. Hayes
had frequently been tendered, but invariably
declined office, though often importuned to be-
come a candidate for important posts. He was
educated in the faith of the Protestant Episcopal
Church, though a contributor to all Christian
denominations.
]\Ienno township was erected from Union at
January term of court, 1837. A petiticm was
presented to court at the April term, 1836, asking
that Armagh and Union townships be divided.
Thomas I. Postlethwaite, D. R. Reynolds and
Robert Miles were appointed commissioners to
divide the townships of Armagh and Union and
tbrm two new townships. The commissioners
reported, July 20,,183(3, that they believe it very
proper to divide the townships of Armagh and
f^rLu 4d-a^ ^
CHAPTER XIII.
MENNO TOWNSHIP. 1
The territory comprising this township was
originally in Derry from 1767 to 1770, when it
became a part of Armagh and so remained until
the erection of Union, and in 1836, upon the
division of Armagh and Union, it was erected
as given below.
1 By Miles Haffley.
Union, and presented a plot of the same as
No. 1, Menno ; No. 2, Union ; No. 3, Brown ;
No. 4, Armagh. Menno M'as described as being
six and a half miles in length, and the average
width from the summit of each mountain as four
miles. The report was accepted and confirmed
at January term of court, 1837, and the new
township No. 1 was named IMeuuo, at^er ]Meuno
Simon, the founder of the Mennonite Society.
The township lies north of Jack's Mountain,
634
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
and is the westerly part of the territory that was
embraced in Armagh upon its erection, in 1770.
It is bounded also by a range of hills on the north-
erly side, on the east by Union and on the west
by Huntingdon County. Kishacoquillas Creek
takes its rise in the valley and Hows northeasterly
through Union, Browu and Derry townships,
and enters the Juniata River at Lewistown.
Early Settlers. — In 1754, Alexander Tor-
rentiue and Robert Brotherton, in their wander-
nonites and Amisli became settlers in this
locality.
An account of the Sharron tract of land,
granted to Andrew ^Montour, now, in part, the
site of Allenville, will be found in the sketch of
that town. This tract, containing seventeen
hundred and t-en acres, was purchased by John
and Jacob King, of Lancaster, Pa., April 12,
1804, for ten thousand pounds.
On this tract Jacob King, with his family of
4^ yi^'j>z
ings in search for land, located tracts in this val-
ley, and took out their warrants in 175.5, the
first year warrants were issued.
Robert, Joseph and James Allison, Matthew
Kenney, Samuel Gilmore, Hugh McClellan,
Henry McCoidcey, John McDowell, Esq., and
John Wilson, Esq., were among the early set-
tlers. Of these families, the Allisons, Gilmores,
McClellans, INIcDowells and Wilsons were living
in the township in 18o7. ^[any of the Men-
nine living children, removed, the eldest being
John, and the remainder, in order of birth, —
Anna, Samuel, Barbara, Mary, Elizabeth,
Catherine, Magdalene and Jacob. Much of the
land originally purchased by Jacob King still
remains in possession of the family. John
King was, during his lifetime, a farmer in
Menno township. He married Elizabeth Yoder,
of the same county, and had children, — Samuel,
Jacob, John Y., Solomon, Benjamin Yost,
MIFFLIiN COUNTY.
635
Elizabeth (wife of Christian Myers), Barbara
(wife of Jacob Hartzler). All with one exception
settled iu the county, and of this number John
Y. is the only survivor. Yost, a native of
Menno township, resided upon the farm now
owned by his son Joseph King. He married
Magdalene, daughter of Joseph Zook, of the
same county, and had children, — Joseph ; John,
deceased ; Peter Y., of Menno township ; Levi,
deceased ; Yost, of the same township ; Eliza-
beth (wife of Jacob Hartzler), Sarah (wife of
Jonathan B. Zook.
Mr. Yost King occupied an influential posi-
tion in the county, was enterprising and public-
spirited and especially well known for his
philanthropic nature and many acts of kindness.
His political principles were those of the Whig
party, by which he was elected county com-
missioner and to many township offices. His
religious views were in harmony with the creed
of the Mennonite Church, of which he was an
exemplary member. His death occurred in
1859, and that of his wife in 1855. His son
Joseph was born on the 28th of September,
1832, on the homestead farm, where, M'itli the
exception of six years, his life has been spent.
He was early instructed in the various industries
of the former, and after a limited time at school
devoted his energies to agriculture, remaining
as assistant to his father until his twenty-second
year. He was married, on the 13th of March,
1855, to Nancy, daughter of John and Leah
Esh, of Juniata County, Pa. Their children
are Emma S., Lina L., Ida and Albert J. On
his marriage Mr. King rented a farm adjacent
to that of his father, on which he remained for
six years. He finally inherited a portion of the
homestead and purchased the remainder, which
he continues to make his home, still devoting
himself to farming, and giving special attention
to the raising of grain and to grazing. He is
in politics a Republican. He was for nine
years a school director. The family of Mr.
King worship at the West Kishacoquillas Pres-
byterian Church, of which he, and his wife and
daughters are members.
A tannery was built by Richard Allison
about 1815, which was continued until about
1830. It stood near where James and r>avid
Allison now live. Robert McDowell erected
a tannery about 1830, in Allenville, which wa.s
continued for several years, when it was sold to
Beatty Cook, who ran it a few years, when it
was abandoned. About 1830, Philip Weiler
erected a tannery, which was continued by him
and his sons until the present year (1885), when
it was abandoned.
A short distance from the Weiler tannery,
John Gettys, in 181G, built a carding-mill,
which was conducted by himself and his sons
until 1<S59, when it was abandoned.
William Allison erected a saw-mill iu 1827,
which is now owned by his son, Robert Allison.
Abraham Zook, in lcS20, built a saw-mill,
which passed to his son, Abraham Zook, Jr., in
1851, who, in 1858, sold to Jacob Kurtz. It is
now owned by his son Eli Kurtz.
Abraham Zook, in 1831, erected a grist-mill
which he sold in 1842 to David Zook. In
1854 it passed to Eli Byler, who, two years
later, conveyed it to Harrison Manbeck, who
continued it until 1860, when he sold it to Ed-
ward Wheaton, who in 1864 sold it to John
Metz, Jr., who in 1878 sold to David Peachey,
the present owner. It was run by wal er-power
until 1880, when steam-power was added.
The grist-mill now owned by William
Mateer was erected by I'hilip Headings about
the year 1827, and by him sold in 1834 to Jo-
seph Zook, who kept it until 1841, when it
passed to Isaac Coplin, who, the next year, sold
the property to James INIcDonald, and by him
it was retained until 1856, when it was bought
by Andrew Beck, who conducted it until 1865,
when William Headings become the proprietor
and continued the mill until 1872, when it
came in possession of William Mateer, the
present owner.
The tract of land on which Webb ct Zerbe's
woolen-factory now stands was warranted by
Joseph Kyle, April 5, 1794. The land passed,
respectively, to Leonard Cochel, 1810; John
Loutz, in 1823 ; Samuel I.,outz and Elizabeth
and Catharine Statzfoos, 1827 ; John Zook,
1832. Many years before the latter date a
grist-mill had been erected farther up the
mountain, in the gap. Upon this tract a card-
ing-machine, a chopping and fulling-mill were
636
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
erected on the site of the present mill, which
was erected by John Zook, in 1852, who sold
it to Thomas Webb and Jacob Zerbe, the
present owners, in 1864.
Samuel King, about 1830, built a clover-mill
in Allenville, which was abandoned al)out
1836.
Schools. — In 1834 there were four school-
houses in the township, — at Voder's, near the
county line ; at King's, east of Allenville ; at
Wilson's, and near the Brick Church.
In 1839 the first school directors were elected,
and were John Fleming and Stephen Diffen-
derfer. There are at present (1885) in the
township six school-houses, all built of brick, —
west of Allenville; at King's, east of Allen-
ville ; at Abraham D. Zook's ; at near Jonas
Yoder's ; at Weiler's, and at Allenville, the
latter being a double house. The present school
directors of the township are Frank Weiler,
Thomas S. Pyle, James R. Allison, Samuel
Hazlett, J. M. Dachenbach and Abraham Fultz.
ALLENVILLE.
The site of the town of Allenville was first
granted to Andrew Montour for services ren-
dered at a grand council with the Indians at
Easton in 1758. He was a half-breed and an
interpreter. He resided upon Sherman's Creek,
near Landisburg, Perry County, from 1752 to
1755, when he was placed in charge of the laud
not then bought from the Indians, and for the
purpose of keeping trespassers from settling
upon it. It was upon the recommendation of
the Indians that several tracts were granted
him, of which this was one. The survey was
returned May 19, 1767, named " Sharron," and
contained 1710f acres. This in some way be-
came the property of the Rev. Richard Peters,
and uj)ou his death John Penn (son of Richard),
John Penn (son of Thomas) and Richard
Peters, executors of the Rev. Richard Peters,
sold, November 11, 1785, the " Sharron " tract
to Beujamin Chew, for M'hich he obtained a
patent dated September 3, 1796. He purchased
also other tracts, two of which were called
Chew's Addition, one of one hundred and thir-
teen acres and the other one hundred and
forty-eight acres. This Sharron tract Chew
sold to John and Jacob King, of Lancaster
County, April 12, 1804, whose descendants
are still in possession of part of it. The
town of Allenville was laid out on part of it
about 1806. A store was soon opened and in
1819 Christopher Howell opened a store and a
hotel. The latter was continued for many years,
and latterly by John Hoffman, until its aban-
donment.
The town has been of slow growth and con-
tains three churches (a Presbyterian, Lutheran
and Methodist), three stores (kept by William
Huey, Samuel Secrist and Focht & Bradley), a
post-office, two physicians (Dr. Jacob Metz and
Dr. Getter).
Presbyterian Church. — The first preach-
ing known in Men no township was at the
house of Robert Brotherton in the year 1774.
His house stood near where the Presbyterian
grave-yard now is. The Rev. James Johnston,
pastor of the Kishacoquillas Church, also had
this congregation in charge from 1783 to 1797,
when he resigned; he, however, continued
preaching until about 1807. In 1784 John
Wilson, John Reed, Francis Semple and
Fleming were chosen as elders. An old log
school-house, near by, is said to have been used
also as a preaching-place. A tent was put up
near the house of Robert Brotherton, which was
used until 1800, when a log church was built
on the present grave-yard lot. This was used
until 1826, when it was replaced by a brick
edifice, which was used until about 1860, when,
upon the congregation building a brick edifice
at Belleville, this church was abandoned and
sold. In 1862 the members of the congregation
in the vicinity united and built a brick church
in Allenville, which is still used.
The pastors who have served the church
since the Rev. James Johnston are as follows :
Kev. AVilliam Kennedy, April 17, 1810, to October,
1822 ; Rev. James Stewart, April 6, 1827, to his
death, February 27, 1829 ; Rev. Joseph Adams, six
months' supply ; Rev. McKnight Williamson, six
months' supply ; Rev. AVilliam Ammon, October,
1830, to October, 1835; Rev. Moses Floyd, April 4,
1837, to 1842; Rev. Samuel McDonald, February,
1846, to October, 1855 ; Rev. James AVilliamson,
April, 1858, to 1860; Rev. Robert B. Moore, fall of
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
637
1860 to 1866 ; Rev. R. M. Campbell, 1867 to the
present time.
Thi.s church and that of" Belleville arc imder
the same pastorate.
Lutheran' CnrRcH. — The first church of
this denomination built in Kishacoquillas Val-
ley was erected in Allenville in 1827, and was
dedicated in that year by the Rev. Stowe
and the Rev. Jonathan Ruthrauff, who remained
as pastors in charge, with other congregations,
church has a membership of one hundred and
fifty.
The Methodist Chirch edifice was erected
in 1852, under the charge of the Rev. Mr. MilLs,
who was then on the circuit.
WHITE HALL.
White Hall is a small settlement about four
miles east of Allenville and two miles west of
Belleville. A store was opened at the place by
^ ."W%. ^(rv\^tyviKy
until 1832. The pastors who have served
from that time are as follows :
1832-39, Rev. Charles Keyle ; 1839-43, Rev. Chris-
tian Lepley ; 1843, Rev. Hesster ; 1845-19, Rev.
Adam Height ; 1849-55, Rev. George Sill ; 1855-57,
Rev. Jacob B. Crist ; 1857-59, Rev. J. N. Burket ;
1859-61, John C. Lunger ; 1861-70, Rev. J. M. Steck;
1870-7.5, Rev. J. M. Rice ; 1879-80, Rev. David Z.
Foulk; 1880-83, Rev. J. M. Steck; 1883, the present
pastor, the Rev. C. W. Heisler.
The old church was torn away under the
charge of the Rev. Mr. Steck, and the
present brick edifice erected on its site. The
John Lantz, in 1822, which was later kept by
Shirk & Hartzley, Henry Cosgrove, George
Patton, John Philips, Benjamin Groff, John
Peachey, John Hibler, William J. Fleming,
John McXabb and the present owner, James R.
Fleming. Isaiah Coplin, in 1831, opened a
hotel, which was continued three years and
abandoned, since which time no hotel has been
at the place. A post-office was established
several years ago, and is now kept by James R.
Fleming.
Except the store, dwelling-house and the hotel.
638
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
110 houses were built until after 1834. There
are at present seven houses, a store, post-office
and blacksmith-shop, a physician and justice of
the peace.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
DAVIS JI. CONTXER. ^
Davis M. Contner is of German extraction.
His father was John Contner, a resident of
Mifflin County, where he followed the trade of
a miller. He married Nancy, daughter of
Alexander Gibboney, and had children — G.
Washington, Jemima, Ann, John, Elizabeth,
Gibboney, William, Davis M. and one who
died in early life. Davis M., of this number,
was born August 28, 1815, in Mifflin County,
and until the age of fourteen remained an in-
mate of the parental home, meanwhile enjoying
but meagre advantages of education. He then
entered the family of the Misses Elizabeth and
Martha Kenney, of the same county, and after
assisting in the various departments of farm
labor, ultimately assumed the management of
the property. Having rendered them faithful
service and been successful in the care of the
estate, on the death of Elizabeth Kenney, the
farm was bequeathed to him by the latter in
1874. Mr. Contner was, in February, 1857,
married to Mary Childs, of Liverpool, Perry
County, Pa. The children of this union are
Narcissa Kenney, William (deceased) and Ellen
Jane. Mr. Contner was formerly a Democrat
in politics, but on the election of Abraham Lin-
coln to the Pi-esidency indorsed the platform of
the Republican party, with which he has since
affiliated. He represented the Democracy as
sheriff of Mifflin County in 1848, and was
elected by the Republicans to the same office in
1863. He has also served as jury commis-
sioner and held various township offices. He
has on frequent occasions acted as administrator
and was formerly a director of the Mifflin
County National Bank. His time has, how-
ever, been more recently devoted to his farming
interests. Mr. Contner is a member of the
Meehanicsville Evangelical Lutheran Church.
' See portrait, page 637.
CHAPTER XIV.
BROWN TOWNSHIP, i
At the April term of court, 183(3, a peti-
tion was presented asicing that the townships ol
Armagh and Union be divided and form two
new townships. In accordance with this request,
the court appointed Thomas I. Postlethwait, D.
R. Reynolds and Robert Miles to view the
townships and make a report. They performed
the duty and reported, July 20, 1836, that they
" believe it very proper to divide the townships
of Armagh and Union," and presented a plot
of the same as No. 1, Meiino ; No. 2, Union;
No. 3, Brown ; No. 4, Armagh. Brown was
described as being in length five and a half
miles and an average width from the summit of
each mountain (not including the Seven Moun-
tains) of four and a half miles. This report
was accepted and confirmed at the January term
of court, 1837, and the new townshij) No. 3
was named Brown, after Judge William Brown,
who was the first settler in the valley, a patriot
in the Revolution and the first presiding judge
of the Mifflin County Court.
At the time of its erection it contained two
hundred and eleven taxables, with real and per-
sonal property valued at $489,078.
The following persons were assessed other
than farmers : Nathan Bullock and Washing-
ton McMonigle, school-teachers ; Jacob Lotz,
tavern-keeper ; Robert Milliken, merchant-mill
and saw-mill ; heirs of John Norris, merchant-
mill, saw and plaster-mill, axe-factory and tilt-
hammer ; Rawle & Hall, saw-mill ; Joseph A.
Taylor, merchant-mill and saw-mill ; John
Henry, Sr., carding-machine ; heirs of Rev.
James Johnston, clover and saw-mill ; David C.
Miller, store ; Abner Reed, saw-mill.
The history of the mills, still-houses and tan-
neries are here given.
The first mill in this region of country was
in the Narrows. Abraham Sanford owned a
tract of land which lay along the river and
lies in both townships, Derrv and Brown. In
1772 he was running a grist-mill on the place.
The exact location has not been as(;ertained, as
^ By John Swartzell.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
639
the mill was abandoned before 1800 and soon
after a sickle-factory was erected and operated
by Henry Long. The property is now owned
by William Mann, Jr., & Co., and is the site of
their factories.
The property now owned by H. H. Gibboney,
and on which his woolen-factory stands, was
the site of a number of mills that have disap-
peared, of which the account is here given.
In 1791, John Fleming built a grist-mill
forty by forty feet, two stories high (the lower
story of stone, the upper of logs), in which two
pair of mill-stones were placed. The water
was conveyed to the mill in a head-race about
fifteen rods long, which led from the dam above.
This was used as a grist-mill until 1839, when
it was sold to Robert M. Milliken, who re-
moved the old log building, and in its place
built a larger mill, three stories high. He also
built a substantial stone dam immediately
above. This mill was used as a grist and mer-
chant-mill until 1864, when H. H. Gibboney
and Morrison became the purchasers and
changed it into a woolen-factory. In 1867
John Wilson, of Reedsville, bought ^Morrison's
interest and remained a partner until March,
1882. In that year the whole property passed
to H. H. Gibboney, who is the present propri-
etor. This factory runs six hundred and thirty
spindles and two sets of cards and six looms,
and blankets, satinetts, flannels and yarn are
manufactured.
In 1805 John Fleming built a stone fulling-
mill, a short distance west of the old log mill.
It contains a carding-machine, spinning-jenny
and from eighteen to twenty-four spindles.
In December, 1812, it was operated by Rob-
ert Wark, who was succeeded by Aaron ^\'ark,
November 5, 1813. Hugh Laird was the next
owner, and John INIcClain was the last one to
operate the mill, which closed in 1828.
John Fleming built a plaster-mill at the east
end of the old log mill about 1827. It con-
tinued to be operated until 1839, at which time
]\Iilliken built the new mill. The plaster-mill
was then taken down, and rebuilt on the other
side of the stream, west of the mill and near the
old fulling-mill. It was used as a plaster-mill
at this place until 1864, when H. H. Gibboney
and Morrison purchased the property, and the
plaster-mill was abandoned.
Henry Taylor built a grist-mill and saw-
mill on the West Branch of the Kishacoquillas
Creek prior to 1790. It was used until 1823,
when it was destroyed by fire. As soon as pos-
sible after the fire, the present Robert Taylor's
mill was built. It is a frame house, and was
completed ready for use in 1824. Beck was
the first miller who operated the new mill.
John Taylor, about 1813, built a tannery
on his farm, which, in 1835, was operated
also by a John Taylor. Farther up the
creek, John Xorris, in 1842, owned an axe-
factory and a tilt-hammer. James, George
and Jonas Spangler, soon after 1812, estab-
lished a factory for the manufacture of gun-
barrels, in the Narrows, and continued until
1816. Their shop was in the small stone build-
ing in which William Mann first began to make
axes in the Narrows. Some time after George
& Spangler ceased operations this building
was converted into a chopping-mill, for the pur-
pose of grinding r}'e and corn, which was used
in the still-house which was put in operation on
the lower floor of the large stone house in the
Narrows, which is still standing, and is owned
by James H. Mann. This still-house contained
two copper stills. Adam Greer and Thomas
McCulley were the proprietors of the stilling
department. A Mr. Irviu was distiller some
time, and after him Robert Cox was distiller for
six months. During that time Adam Greer
moved away from the upper part of the build-
ing to Brown's Mills. This still-house was op-
erated about two years. While the distillery
was in operation on the ground-floor, Adam
(ireer was conducting a hotel in tlie upper part
of the house.
Manx's Axe-Factory.— ^Mlliam Mann, Jr.,
was born in Johnstown, Alontgomery County,
New York, in 1804, and removed to Belle-
fonte, in Centre County, Pa., in 1829, and there
engaged in business with his brother, H. Mann,
and remained with him fur five years. From
that place he removed to Mauch Chunk, in
Pennsylvania, and engaged in the business of
manufacturing axes, but remained there only
one year. From there he went to Freehold, in
640
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
-New York, and engaged in the same business,
but remained only for the short period of six
mouths. He came from there to Mifflin County
in 1835, and located in the Short Narrows,
of Jack's Mountain, on Kishacoquillas Creek,
in the townships of Brown and Derry, where
these extensive works are now situated. Prior
to the time when William Maun, Jr., came to
the Narrows, a Mr. Spangler built a small stone
shop at the Kishacoquillas Creek, and there for
some time engaged in the manufacture of gun-
barrels. That business was closed some years
before William Mann, Jr., came there, and the
shop Mas standing idle. In this small stone
shop William Mann, Jr., began the manufac-
ture of axes in Mifflin County in a very small
way, making on an average but six axes per
day. He did all his work with the assistance
of a helper, and success attended his efforts and
the business prospered. AVhen he first began
he had the property rented, but as the business
prospered he became the owner of it. The
demand for his axes continued to increase,
his shop was enlarged, and afterward, at various
times, new shops were built. William Mann,
Jr., died in 1855. After his death the business
was conducted by his two sons, James H. Mann
and William Mann. The demand continued to
increase, factories enlarged, and shipments were
made to various parts of the world.
William Mann, the' brother of James H-
Mann, was killed by the explosion of the boiler
of a steamboat on the Ohio River, near Shaw-
neetown. 111., the 17th day of May, 1876. Since
that time the business has been conducted by
James H. Mann, under the old firm-name of
William Mann, Jr., & Co. These extensive
works now manufacture an average of one
thousand four hundred axes per day. They
employ fi-om two hundred to two hundred and
fifty men, and their axes are sold and shipped
not only to every State in the Union, but are
sent to Australia, New Zealand, New South
Wales, China, Japan, Norway, Sweden, Cape-
town, in Africa, and all over Western Europe.
The demand is steadily increasing, which is the
result of fine mechanical skill, business ability
and Juniata iron, — these combined are the ele-
ments of success. Every part of these works
is systematic, — the cutting of the iron, the
bending, heating, welding, tempering, finishing,
grinding, polishing, marking, labeling, packing,
shipping and other minute processes.
James Johnston, a son of the Rev. James
Johnston, in 1833, built a clover-mill on the
Middle Branch of the Kishacoquillas, which was
continued until about 1842, when portable hul-
lers were introduced and the mill was aban-
doned.
Still-Hou.ses. — John Fleming erected a log
still-house west of his log mill about 1795-96.
In 1821 a stone still-house was erected about
fifty rods above, on the stream, which was used
until about 1834.
Samuel Milliken, about 1800, built a stone
still-house on the property now owned by Wil-
liam Henry, on the north side of the valley. It
was abandoned about 1824.
About 1791 William Henry erected a log
still-house near the bank of the West Branch of
the Kishacoquillas Creek.
A surveying party, in 1794, were running
the mountain line along the foot of Jack's
Mountain and stopped at this still-house for
whiskey. They became so much intoxicated
that the work was abandoned for the time, and
when resumed it was undertaken by others. The
business was discontinued at this house in 1820.
Judge AVilliam Brown, before 1790, erected
a stone still-house south of the mill, at what is
now Reedsville, which was used until about 1825.
A stone still-house was built in Cooper's Gap
by Joseph Kyle and Foster Milliken. Adam
Greer was the distiller. It was abandoned
many years ago.
John Cooper erected a stone still-house be-
fore 1800 ; it was abandoned for that purpose
about 1815. The building was afterwards oc-
cuj)ied as a tenant-house, weaver's shojj and
shoemaker's, and about 1840 it was used as a
justice's office.
A log still-house was built early by Matthew
Tayloi', Sr., on his property, which was used for
several years and abandoned about 1821.
. Early Settlers.' — William Brown, James
'The reader is referred to the assessment rolls of Armagh
township for the early residents of what is now Brown
township.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
641
Reed, Robert Taylor and others settled in the
valley on warrants taken ont in 1755.
Robert Taylor, the ancestor of the family in
the township, took out his warrant dated Feb-
ruary 4, 1755, and by the survey it contained
seven hundred and fifty-seven acres. On the
26th of March, 1802, he warranted one hundred
acres additional.
For an account of Henry Taylor's family, see
the sketch of Union township.
Among the early settlers in the township was
Samuel Milliken, son of James Milliken, who
emigrated with his family from County Down,
Ireland, in 1772, and located on the Conewago
Creek, Dauphin County. He died about a
month at\er his arrival, leaving a wife, one son
and four daughters. Samuel, the son, the same
year of his father's death, came to the valley,
and three years later married Margaret Foster
and bought a tract later known as the Bolton
tract of Henry Drinker for twelve shillings per
acre. He died in 1804, and at that time was in
possession of over one thousand acres. His sons
were James, Robert, Joseph, David and Foster.
His daughters were Barbara and Jane. James
and Joseph were merchants in Lewistown many
years. Robert was engaged in milling and in
the manufacture of woolen goods. Foster lived
at Milroy and was one of the proprietors of
the Marion Furnace. He died in 1828.
Thomas Cox and wife, of Derry County,
Ireland, emigrated to this country in 1800, and
in 1802 came to the valley of the Kishacoquil-
las, and settled in what is now Brown township.
He died May 15, 1850, aged eighty-four years.
His wife, Janet, died January 14, 1853, aged
eighty years. A son, Robert, is now living in
the township, far advanced in life.
The following incidents show one phase of
the troubles the early settlers were subject to :
Capture of the Wilsoxs by the Ix-
DIANS. — During the time of the hostilities with
the Indians there lived near Brown's Mills
(now Reedsville), iu Mifflin County, Pa., the
family of James Wilson. One bright morning
iu the month of August he and his son John,
a lad of twelve summers, started to the harvest-
field (still known as the " Wilson Field," not
far distant from the village now called Sigler-
41
ville, in Armagh township, on the farm now
owned by S. M. Brown), with a pair of horses
and a sled, to liaul and thresh buckwheat.
The forenoon passed quickly by without any-
thing to cause alarm on the part of tlie father
or son. Their companions had gone to the
farm-house to partake of dinner, leaving Mr.
Wilsou and his son to eat their lunch in the
field. John had refilled the stone jug with
water and seated himself by his father's side to
eat their simple meal, when, to their surprise, a
party of Indians rushed upon them from the
adjoining woods ; resistance was useless, and
they were made captives. The trail which the
Indians took was northward, across the Seven
Mountains. The Indians compelled the boy to
carry the jug of water with him. As they
were climbing the Frst Mountain the boy be-
came weary of his load, and complained to his
father. His father told him to fall on a rock
and break it, which John did successfully
shortly afterward, and then pretended he was
very sorry, and immediately began to pick up
the broken pieces, when the Indian in charge of
him dashed them out of his hands. The trip
was without further incident, and after many
days of weary marching through the forest
they at length reached the Indian village, which
was nejir the present site of the city of Buffalo.
The boy was traded to an English officer from
Canada for a keg of whiskey, and he was used
as a servant to the Englishman.
After a council was held by the Indians, it
was decided that ^Ir. AMlson should run the
gauntlet and become one of their own people.
Two rows of Indians were formed which were
parallel to each other, and were so ari-anged as
to leave a naiTow passage between them.
Along this narrow way Mr. Wilson was com-
pelled to run. The Indians in both lines had
each a club or weapon of some kind in their
hands with which to .strike him. He was then
ordered to run, and made a bold dash through
between the lines without being much hurt.
This did not entirely satisfy the Indians, and
they tied an old squaw to him and compelled
him to run through the second time; he ran
with all the strength he had, dragging the
squaw after him, and although he was badly
642
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
hurt, the squaw fared worse than he. He was
now claimed by the Indians to be one of them.
He remained with them some length of time,
and learned to speak* their language. In the
treaty which was held some time afterward he
was returned, and as they still claimed him as
belonging to them, the Indians gave him a tract
of land, which was located where a part of the
city of Buffalo now stands. Mr. Wilson was
so glad to be free, and to have the privilege of
returning home, that he never afterward laid
any claim to the property given to him by the
Indians. He came home and lived to be an
aged man.
Some time before Mr, Wilson was released,
his son had escaped from Canada, having been
away about one year. On his way home he
walked the greater part of the way.'
The Centre Church was erected in 1830,
on the line between Union and Brown townships,
by the United Presbyterian and the East Kish-
acoquillas Presbyterian congregations. After a
few years the United Presbyterian congrega-
tion, by death and removal, became so small
that no organization was kept up, and the con-
gregation of the East Kishacoquillas Presbyte-
rian Church came into entire control. The
building has been recently repaired and is used
as a preaching-place for the people of the neigh-
borhood.
Mountain Chapel. — On the 24th day of
November, 1X51, James Bailey, of Brown
township, had thirty and eight-tenths perches
of land surveyed from his j)roperty for the
use of the Methodist Episcopal congregation,
as a lot upon which to erect a church. This
lot is situated at the junction of the road to
Greenwood Furnace with the Back Mountain
road. The house is frame, is about thirty by
forty feet, with planed weather-boarding and is
painted white. The building was put up in a
very plain, substantial and cheap manner, and
was finished in 1852. William R. Mills was
the preacher on the circuit at the time the
church was built. The ministers who preached
' The foregoing feois were furnished by Mrs. D. H.
McAuley, a daughter of .Joseph Forrest, of Huntingdon
County, who was a nephew of Jolin Wilson who had olten
lieard his uncle tell the story.
at this church were the same as those who
preached at Milroy. This church is called the
" Mountain Chapel," and is still owned by the
Methodist Episcopal Church.
Justices of the Peace. — The first to re-
side in the limits of the township was Richard
Hope, who received his appointment under
Governor Snyder, and served until 1840.
James Brisbin was also appointed by the
Governor and served several years. He was
succeeded by Alexander Thompson about 1835,
who served a term of five years. He was a
shoemaker, and his office was in his shop. It
is said of him that when a case was being tried
before him, that he continued at work upon his
bench until the testimony was closed, when he
took a seat upon a high stool and gave his opin-
ion and judgment. A change in the constitution
in 1839 made the office elective.
The following have been elected :
William B. Johnson, 1840.
Joseph A. Taylor, 1840, '45.
William McKinney, 1845, '50, '55, '60.
James Davis, 1850 (did not serve).
Jacob Kohler, 1866.
John M. Shadle, 1868.
Eobert Sterrett, 1869, 74.
David Mitchell, 1869.
John T. Eoop, 1876.
John M. Bell, 1877 (did not serve).
J. E. McKinley, 1881.
John Wilson, 1882.
Kishacoquillas Seminary. — On the 9th
of October, 1847, the Rev. J. W. Elliot opened
a select school in the Centre Church. It contin-
ued until the organization and charter of the
Kishacoquillas Seminary, in 1854. Of corpora-
tors of the institution were Dr. Joseph Hender-
son, Colonel William Cummins, John Alexan-
der, James Alexander, Benjamin Garber, Henry
P. Taylor and the Rev. Mr. Easton. A brick
building was erected by Mrs. Elizabeth Alexan-
der on the road from Reedsville to Belleville, at
a cost of five thousand three hundred dollars,
and donated to the seminary. The school was
conducted for many years, and was sold to Mr.
Garner, who now occupies it for a dwelling and
store. The following persons have served as
principals : Professor Nelson, of Salem, N. Y.,
Professor John S. Easton, Hugh Alexander,
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
643
Professor Green, Professor Z. Sharp, Professor
Martin Mohler and John W. Bell.
EEEDSVILLE.
It is said that in the year 1752 William Brown
and James Reed made an exploring tour through
the valley of the Kishacoquillas, and, in their
search for lands, Brown finally settled upon the
present site of Reedsville, where he lived
until his death. In 1781 he erected a grist-
mill and saw-mill, from which time until the
laying out of Reedsville, about 1838, the place
was known as Brown's ^lills. Upon the erection
of Mifflin County, in 1789, he became the pre-
siding justice of the courts and in 1791 an asso-
ciate justice.
He erected Freedom Forge in 1795 and con-
ducted it until about 1812, when it was sold to
Miller, Martin & Co. He died Sei^tember 14,
1825, and his wife in May, 1815. Of his sons
were John and William ; the former was exten-
sivelv engaged in milling, iron and other in-
dustries. He was a member of the Legislature
and of Congress, and later in life moved to North
Carolina, where he died October 12, 1845, aged
seventy-three yeai-s. William, also a son, in-
heritetl the estate at Brown's JSIills, became en-
gaged in the management of Freedom Forge
until 1833, and died September 25, 1847.
A daughter of .Judge William Brown became
the wife of -John Norris, who came to near Po-
ketytown (now Lewistown) in 1787, in the em-
ploy of Andrew Gregg. He "was one of the
trustees appointed to lay out the county-seat of
Mifflin County and was one of the contractors for
erecting the court-house in the public square in
1796. He held many important public offices
in the early history of the county, engaged in
business in Baltimore several years, and upon
the formation of the Centre Bank,at Bellefonte,
became its cashier. On the 23d of March, 1827,
he purchased of William Brown, his bi'other-
in-law, the Brown's !Mills tract, embracing seven
hundred and thirt3'-three acres of laud, on
which was a large stone merchant-mill, saw-
mill, plaster-mill, stone store-house, liotel and
mansion-house. This property he held until his
death, March 5, 1841, aged seventy years. The
property passeil to a ]Mi-. Parker, of New Jersey,
who sold the mill property to George Strunk,
who operated the mill until his death, after
which his heirs sold the mills to Spanogle &
Yeager, who are the present owners.
Miss Sally Brown, another daughter of Judge
Brown, married, in the year 18<J2, William P.
Maclay, son of Samuel ^laclay. She died in
1810, leaving three sons, — Dr. Samuel ^laclay,
of Milroy, William P. and Charles J. Another
daughter of Judge Brown became the wife of
General James Potter, of Bellefonte, son of
James Potter, the early pioneer.
The following incident has been often told,
but is of interest in this connection : Logan lived
in the valley in 1767-68 ; he was very export
at killing deer and dressing the skins, and one day,
when William Bi-own's little daughter was just
beginning to walk, her mother was heard by
Logan to say she wished she could get a pair of
shoes for the little one. Logan said nothing,
but soon after asked Mrs. Brown to let the
child go home with him to his cabin and visit
him. The mother, though really unwilling,
concealed her reluctance and gave an apparently
cheerful assent. The child went and remained
all day. Her mother began to be very nervous
at sunset, but soon afterwards Logan apj)eared
with the little girl, who very proudly showed
her little feet encased in a new jiair of mocca-
sins, which the chief had made for her.
Logan was a favorite among the whites and
remained here till 1771, when he moved to the
Ohio (game being scarce here) and settled at
Yellow Creek, thirty miles above Wheeling,
where a considerable settlement was made by
his followers, and where he was visited l)v Heck-
ewelder in 1772. His family was murdered in
1774.
At the time Reedsville was surveyed and laid
out, in 1838, there were about twenty buildings
in the place. A tavern had been kept many
years, and in that year the large brick hotel
building was erected which is noM- owned by
Ephraim ^lorrison, and is still used as a hotel.
In 1842 Abner Reed was keeping tavern, and
in March, 1848, William Brothers applied to
the court for a license to keep a public-house at
the place. About 1840 John Albright erectetl
a tannery, conducted it until 1846, and leaseil it
644
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
for a term of five years to Johu Zook and An-
drew Summers. At the expiration of half the
time of their lease they leased the remainder of
the time to John Wilson, who, on the expiration,
bought the property of Johu Albright, and con-
tinued the tannery until 1861, when the business
was abandoned. Reedsville at present contains
ninety-five dwellings and five hundred and
eighteen inhabitants, a ISIethodist Church, two
dry-goods stores, drug-store, grocery and other
busiuess places, hotel and jjost-office.
1875-76, Milton R. Foster, presiding elder.
Luther F. Smith ; 1876, Luther F. Smith.
1875,
1877-78, Thompson Mitchell, presiding elder. 1877,
W. A. McKee ; 1878, J. M. Johnston ; 1879, J. M.
Johnston ; 1880, James Bell.
1881-84, Richard Hinkle, presiding elder. 1881,
J. Gulden ; 1882, J. Gulden ; 1883, J. R. King ; 1884,
J. R. King.
1885, Jacob S. McMurry, presiding elder.
Samuel Meminger.
1885,
The Methodist Church in Eeedsville.
— The Methodist Church in Reedsville was
built in 1875 and 1876, and was dedicated in
February, 1876, during the time the Rev. Lu-
ther F. Smith was preacher on the Milroy
Circuit. It is a plain, one-story frame or plank
house. The house is thirty-five by forty-two
feet and the estimated cost is one thousand and
fifty dollars.
Tiie names of the preachers who have filled
appointments at tliis churcji are:
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
CRAWFORD KYLE.
Crawford Kyle is the grandson of John
Kyle, who emigrated from the town of Lorra-
demore, in the south of Ireland, to America,
and came direct to the State of Pennsylvania,
reaching the Kishacoquillas Valley ou horse-
back, accompanied by his wife and child. He
first built a cabin and afterward located about
four hundred acres of land in Erown towuship,
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
646
which was divided between his two sons. He
married a Miss Crawford, whose children were
Margaret (Mrs. Hamilton Kyle), Crawford,
who settled in Brown township, and Joseph,
who located on a tract of land east of his
brother. The latter was born in 1781 on the
homestead property, and spent his life as a
feriiier, having married Mary, daughter of John
Brisbin, of Centre County. The children of this
marriage are Samuel, born in 1812, deceased;
and John, in 1813, deceased. Judge Kyle
married, a second time, Jennett McFarlane, of
Armagh township, whose children are Mary
(Mrs. John Thompson), James (now living in
Brown township), Crawford, Elizabeth R. (Mrs.
George McDowell), Margaret (Mrs. William
McFarlane) Priscilla (Mrs. Henry Taylor),
Joseph (now residing on the homestead farm,
married to Mary E. Davis) and Charles (of
Clinton County, married to Ann Campbell).
■Judge Kyle, though devoted to the healthful
pursuits of the farmer, evinced a taste for pub-
lic life, and a comprehensive mind and sound
judgment, which made his influence felt as a
public official. He served in the Legislature of
his State and was elected associate judge of
Mifflin County, besides holding many other
township and county offices. He was for many
years an elder in the East Kishacoquillas Pres-
byterian Church, and filled various offices re-
quiring not only ability, but scrupulous integrity.
His son Crawford was born February 12,
1821, on the liomestead now owned by Joseph
Kyle, where his youth was passed in school and
in the various departments of labor connected
with the farm and its cultivation. On the death
of his father he became, by inheritance, the pos-
sessor of about two hundred and thirty acres
of land in Brown township, on which he has
since resided, and upon which, in 1845, he
erected a substantial residence. He was, in
1844, married to Miss Sarah, daughter of James
Brisbin, whose living children are Elizabeth
(Mrs. Wilson), McNitt, and McFarlane. Mrs.
Kyle died in 1858, and Mr. Kyle was again
married, in 1859, to ]\Iiss Mary E., daughter
of John Kyle. Their children are Sallie and
Junie. Mr. Kyle adheres, as did his father, to
the principles of tlie Democracy. He is, how-
ever, not ambitious for office nor active in
politics. Both he and his wife are members of
the East Kisliacoquillas Presbyterian Cluiivh.
CHAPTER XV.
GRANVILLE TOWNSHIP.'
Granville township was erected from the
western part of Derry in 1838. No account of
petition or report for its erection appears in the
court records, and it first was recognized as an in-
dependent township at the April sessions of
court in that year. It is bounded by Union
and Brown on the northwest, Derry on the
northeast, Juniata County on the southeast and
Oliver and Brattou townships on the southwest.
The Juniata River flows through it and several
tributaries drain the township northerly and
southerly.
At the time Granville was made a separate
township, in 1838, it contained two hundred and
three taxables and the following industries other
than farming: Daniel Brought, still-house;
David W. Hulings, furnace ; James ]McCurdy,
tan-yard ; Isaac & Joseph Strode, old saw-mill ;
Amos Strode, grist-mill; Augustine & George
Wakefield, grist and saw-mill ; John Henry,
carding-machine; John McFadden's heirs, saw-
mill ; Rev. James Johnston's heirs, clover and
saw-mill.
The early settlers in this township located at
the foot of the mountain, of whom William
Armstrong was one. A warrant was issued
to him the first day warrants were granted from
the Land Office (February 3, 1 755). His warrant
called for ninety-nine acres. Mr. Armstrong
lived here, and in 1793 forty-four acres of it
were owned by James McCord, who, November
1st of that year, sold it to Philip ]Minehart, who
bought, March 13, 1795, one hundred and seven-
ty-nine acres adjoining, from David Jones, who
warranted it INIay 24, 1 794. David Jones had
taken up two hundred and ten acres August 1,
1766, and at this time (1794) William, his son,
lived on the south of this iliuehart land. Da-
vid Corbin now owns the William Jones farm.
' By WaltiT L. Owens.
646
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Jacob West was west of the Minehart farm, of
which he had purchased a part.
The old Minehart homestead is said to be
where Henry Selig's new house now stands.
The gap in the First Mountain is known as
Minehart's Gap, and the stream is known as
Minehai't's Run. In 1798-99, and a few years
later, Philip Minehart had a saw-mill on this run.
He had a son, George, who settled on the Hoi)e
farm, a part of the original Holt estate. John
Minehart, a son of George, lives on the east side
of the river. Thomas Holt, in 1762, took out
a warrant for four hundred acres of land on
Brightsfield Run and the Juniata River. He
lived near what was later Hope Furnace, and
in 1766 purchased other lands. The Rev.
Charles Beatty stopped at his house on the
night of August 25, 1766, when on his mis-
sionary tour through this county. Mr. Holt
died before 1798 and left the estate to his chil-
dren. It was sold in that year to General
William Lewis, of Berks County, who at
once erected " Hope Furnace." Part of the
Furnace tract was sold to Robert Hope, who
lived and died there. His children were
Robert, Mary (Mrs. George Davis), Thomas
and Eliza. Robert settled in Oliver townshijD.
Thomas Evans, in August, 1767, took up a
tract of two hundred and forty-eight acres. He
was for a short time connected with General
Lewis in Hope Furnace. Joseph Swift, of
Philadelphia, on Aj)ril 10, 1755, took up four
hundred acres, and April 19 and August 4,
1766, took up six hundred acres in two tracts.
This land lays along the Juniata River, in what
is now known as the IjOojj. Andrew Mayes
came to Derry township in 1792, and built
the stone grist-mill above Lewistown, for
many years owned by James Milligan. He
sold the property, and March 22, 1811, pur-
chased of John W. and Samuel Swift, sons of
Joseph, two tracts of land, one of three hun-
dred and ninety-eight acres, called " Palmyra,"
the other of three hundred and nineteen acres,
called. "Homestead." The homestead is now
owned by the heirs of Judge Samuel Woods.
Andrew Mayes had sons, — Andrew, James, Wil-
liam and Matthew. Andrew, the eldest son,
lived and died at the homestead. William, a
son of Andrew, resided at the homestead and
sold it to Joseph Milligan. Matthew settled
on part of the home tract and died there. Mrs.
George W. Sault is a daughter of Matthew
and lives on the tract she inherited from her
father.
In 1824 William P. Elliott purchased a part
of what was originally the Swift estate, and
moved to the place from Lewistown. He re-
mained there until 1841, and returned to Lew-
istown, where he still resides.
The property now owned by Samuel McCoy
was part of one of the large tracts taken up by
Joseph Swift, of Philadelphia, August 4, 1766,
and contained three hundred and twenty-five
acres. It was sold by his heirs to Joseph
Matthews in 1812, and he, in 1815, conveyed it
to David Yoder. Later by sheriff's sale, it passed
to Christian King, and in time to Abraham
Stutzman, who, October 8, 1836, sold one hun-
dred and forty-seven acres of it to Joseph Trum-
bull, who came from Concord, Delaware County,
where his family had lived for generations, and
settled on the ])lace. A daughter became the
wife of Dr. Abraham Rothrock, of McVey-
town. It lies on the bank of the Juniata River,
opposite the Brought tarm.
The McFaddens bought a part of the Mine-
hart farm, and Joseph McFadden built a saw-
mill on Minehart Run about 1820. The farm
is now owned by Sylvester Brought. The mill
was abandoned about 1875.
General AVilliam Irvine, of Centre County,
about 1846, erected on Minehart Run and in
Minehart Gap a large saw-mill, half a dozen
tenement-houses and a tramway to connect with
the railroad at Granville Station. The mill did
a flourishing busine.ss for fifteen or twenty years,
after which time the mill was abandoned.
On the 1st day of August, 1766, Isaac Strode
took out a warrant for three hundred acres of
land on Brightfield's Run (now called Strode's
Run). In 1793 Joseph Strode erected on the run
and on the Strode tract a saw-mill and a grist-
mill. On the 13th of December, 1800, Joseph
Strode and Jesse Evans advertised that they
had erected a new fulling-mill on Brightfield's
Run, and in the Western Star, published at
Lewistown, they advertised that " cloth will be
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
647
received for this mill at the house of Mr. Jacob
Walters, of Lewistown, and Captain David
Davidson, in Mifflintown." Mr. Walters was
postmaster at this time, and Mr. Davidson was
tavern-keeper at Mifflintown. This fulling-
mill stood below the grist-mill in the hollow,
at the crossing of the roads. It was a one-story
log building; the carding-machines were at the
grist-mill above. The fulling-mill was abandoned
about forty years ago, and was fitted as a foundry
and machine-shop by Orman Whitworth, who
continued in business for twenty years, man-
ufacturing ])lows and castings. It has long
since disappeared. The grist-mill is still in
use, having had repairs many times. A
saw-mill is above the grist-mill. The sons of
Joseph Strode were Amos, Joseph, George
and Isaac. They all settled at the place, and
at present Joseph Strode, son of Amos, owns
part of the original tract, the grist-mill and a
store across the run, in Oliver township. An-
drew and Isaac Strode, sons of Joseph, occupy
the old homestead. Two daughters of George
Strode live on part of the tract.
James Lyon emigrated from Ireland in 1763,
and in 1768 was in possession of two hundred
acres of land near wliat is now Anderson Sta-
tion. On March 4, 1787, he took out a war-
rant for one hundred acres, and again, July 9,
1787, another hundred. James Lyon lived and
died on the laud he located, and left seven chil-
dren—William, Margaret, Elizabeth, Nancy,
Isabella, Mary and James — of whom Margaret,
his second child, married John Oliver, who lo-
cated near the I^yon homestead, now in Oliver
township. William, the eldest son, warranted
four hundred acres of land March 12, 1794, and
lived on the present Silas (ilasgow farm.
He married Rebecca Graham and died in 1827.
He left the farm to his son, George A., who
lived there for a time and moved to Union
township, and was also in business from
184a to 1847 in McVeytown. George
married, for his second wife, Sidney, the youngest
(laughter of .ludge John Oliver. She is now
living at McVeytown. A daughter, Ann Eliza,
married Stewart Turbett, of Tuscarora Valley,
and settled there. James, another sou of Wil-
liam, settled on a farm on the north side of the
river, which his father owned, and died there.
Elizabeth, a daughter of James Lyon, Sr., mar-
ried Enoch McVey, a brother of John McVey,
the founder of McVeytown. They settled there
for a short time and moved to Ohio. Xancy
and Isabella (twins) each married a John
Patterson, cousins, and of the Pattersons of
.funiata County, where they settled and died.
Mary became the wife of Robert Forsythe,
of Derry township, and settled on the f'ai'm
at the foot of Jack's Mountain, which Robert
Forsythe, his fatlier, purchased in 1817.
James, the youngest son, settled in Bedford
County. David Steel, on the 21st of October,
1777, purchased a tract of land along the .Juni-
ata River, in Derry township (now Granville),
of James Armstrong. In 1786 he took out a
warrant for one hundred acres adjoining, and a
year later bought one hundred acres which had
been warranted by William Armstrong in Jan-
uary, 1786.
David Steel erected on his farm a tavern-
house which was known far and near as " Rob
Roy." It was built against the bank and was
entered from the ground on both floors. It is
related of some roysterers that at onetime one of
them rode horseback in on the lower floor, up the
stairs and out the upper door into the orchard.
David Steel died in 1821 and left " Rob Roy "
and thirty acres to liis son William, who kept
the tavern several years. It stood where Abra-
Iiam HufFerd now lives, and the old tavern was
kept by him for a time.
David Steel left to his son Alexander ni nety-four
acres where he then lived. This property, April
1, 1836, was sjld to Owen Owens, who lived
there many years. David Steel left fourteen
acres of the homestead to John Steel, his son,
and other lands to Thomas and Mary. Thomas
lived and died in the township, where his sou
Jacob now lives, at the foot of the mountain.
Andrew McKee, of Cumberland County,
laid a warrant for one hundred and fifteen acres
in what is now Granville township, December
9, 1784. The farm is now owned by Harvey
McKee. He had two sons — Robert and
Thomas — and a daughter who married Robert
Means. J. A. McKee, of Lewistown, is a sou
of Thomas R. David McKee about the same
648
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
time came into Ferguson Valley. He settled on
the line between Granville and Oliver.
Hugh McKee is the son of William McKee,
who was descended from Scotch-Irish parents,
and served both in the War of the Revolution
and in that of 1812. He emigrated from Cum-
berland County, Pa., to Nittany Valley, Centre
County, in the same State, having married
Sarah Jane Taylor, whose children were Wil-
liam, a resident of Penn's Valley, Centre
County ; Samuel, who resided in Nittany Val-
Hugh McKee was born in July, 1798, on
the homestead, in Nittany Valley, and having,
at an early age, been left without a mother's
protecting care, was bound out to George
Woods, which period of service continued for
seven years. About the year 1820, having
been released from further service to Mr.
Woods, he removed to INIifflin County, and
was employed by David McKee, who resided
in Ferguson Valley, Granville township, of
that county. INIr. McKee subsequently secured
ley ; Hugh, the subject of this biograjihy ;
Sarah, wife of Jacob Bergstresser ; Elizabeth
(Mrs. Samuel McGau), and Polly (Mrs. James
Crooks). William, who was a native of Nit-
tany Valley, early learned the trade of a chair-
maker, while Samuel became a skillful black-
smith. William had six children, as did also
his brother, Samuel, who married Jane Mc-
Kinney. Their attention was, in later years,
given to farming, in which they achieved suc-
cess ; they were both representative citizens.
a lease of the farm of the latter, and, at the
expiration of the seventh year, rented the farm
of John Oliver, in Bratton tOMaiship, of the
same county, which, after cultivating for three
years, he purchased. Preferring his early lo-
cation in Ferguson Valley, he, in 1839, pur-
chased the David McKee property, now owned
by his son, George, where he resided until his
death, on the 25th of August, 1870.
Hugh McKee was, in 1826, married to Mar-
garet Hannawalt, daughter of George Hanna-
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
649
wait, of Wayne township, Mifflin County.
Their cliildren are George, married to Ann
Elizal)eth Corncy, who lias ten children ; Wil-
liam (deceased) ; Margaret Ann (deceased) ;
Sarah Jane (Mrs. J. Strode McKee, deceased);
Andrew J. (deceased); Snsan ; Mary (Mrs.
Scott Caldwell), who has tliree children ; and
Anne.
Mr. McKee, though by inclination a farmer,
engaged in various business enterprises, having,
for many years, been engaged in conducting a
saw-mill. He also acquired much real estate,
which was greatly improved, spacious barns
and attractive dwellings having been erected on
the ground.
Mr. McKee was an active politician and a
firm believer in the principles of his party,
which honored him with distinguished office.
He was elected, during 'the sessions of 1849
and 18-50, to the State Legislature, and served
on various important committees. He also
held various minor positions in the county
of his adoption. He was frequently called
to positions of trust, and at various times acted
as guardian and trustee. In his religious pref-
ences he was a Presbyterian and a willing sup-
porter of that denomination.
The land at Strunk's and its vicinity was part
of a large tract taken up by Charles Cox, of
Philadelphia. In the year 1796, James Alex-
ander made an article of agreement with IMr.
Cox for land at the mill-site, and on which he
erected a grist and saw-mill. Mr. Alexander
continued these mills until 1818, when he sold
iiis rights to Isaiah Willis, who built a ware-
house in 1820, near where the acqueduct now
is. While finishing this building he was killed
by a fall from the scaifoldiug. His executors
sold the property to Andrew Junkin, who, in
1 823, conveyed it to Caspar Dull, who operated
it until 1831, when Daniel Stutzman purchased
it, and in 1833 it was sold to David Brooks.
On the 3d of April, 1837, Augustine and
George Wakefield became the purchasers ; under
them the old mill was abandoned and the new
and present mill was built. They operated it
for about fifteen years. It is now owned by
William and Alberts Strunk.
Joseph Keneagy owned a farm cast of the
Lyon tract before 1830, now owned by Rudolph
Kline and Frank I. McCoy.
Owen Owens came to Lewistown from Mid-
dletown, Dauphin County, in 1812, when seven
years of age. He was a blacksmith by trade,
and moved to Way;ie township (now Oliver), at
what is now Lockport, and in 1829 opened the
three locks for the first time for boats to pass
through. He remained at the place four or five
years and moved to a farm which James Shep-
herd recently owned. In 1861 he moved
to what is now Granville, on the McFadden
farm. In 1865 Walter Owen ojiened a store at
Granville. It was made a passenger station in
1866, and the same year a post-offica was es-
tablished as Granville ; the place was known be-
fore as Wolfkill's Siding.
James Gemmel received a warrant for three
hundred acres of land January 23, 1767, which
was assessed to John Gemmel in 1768. On
the 17th of June, 1774, he received a patent
for it, called "Kilmarnock," containing three
hundred and five acres. On the 8th of June,
1809, he received a patent for another tract of
one hundred and fifty-seven acres, called "Mount
Equity." John Gemmel was one of the trustees
of the Presbyterian congregation who purchased
two acres of laud of David Steel in 1781. He
had a son, Thomas, who studied law and was
admitted to practice in Mifflin County in 1802.
Another sou, John, was a clergyman in Chester
County, to whom the farm descended. On
the 13th of March, 1813, the Rev. John Gem-
mel sold the four hundred and sixty-two acres
to Jacob Comfort, of Columbia, Lancaster
County. He had been in the Revolution, and,
at this time, settled on the place, where he died.
His sons were Joint, Jacob, Samuel and Xathan-
iel, who settled in the township and at Lewis-
town. After the father's death the place passed
to Judge Samuel S. Woods, and is now owneil
by William Satzler and Samuel Rittenltouse.
John Cever, before 1770, settled on a large
tract of land on Kelly's Run, in Granville
township, and died before 1773. The property
was divided, in 1774, into three parts, between
three of his sons — Peter, Samuel and John. In
1816 it was owned by Peter, John, Samuel and
Robert. A saw-mill was on Sitmuel's land in
650
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
1 800, aud some years later. It is now owned
by Josejili IMcFadden and Robert A. Means.
On the 19th of January, 1792, Abraham
Miller took out a warrant for one hundred aci-es
of land on Juniata River, embracing what is
now Granville Station. This he sold, in 1811,
to Daniel Brought, who, in 1798, came from
Lititz, Lancaster County, to Richfield, Juniata
County, where he rented a farm and lived until
he purchased the land of Abraham Miller. His
father, David Brought, was an officer of the
Hessians, and was captured at Trenton, N.
J., in 1776. He was sent, with others, to
Lititz, Lancaster County, aud, liking the country
and to escape being exchanged, he ran away and
came to Juniata County. At the close of the
Revolution he returned to Lititz and rented a
farm there. He was joined in 1795 by his
wife and sons, Daniel and David, who came from
Germany to settle with him. Daniel, who came
to what is now Greenville, in 1811, died in
1818, and left six children — David, John, Dan-
iel, George, Ann and Mary. David married
Jane Steel, a daughter of one of the early fami-
lies. John became a farmer, aud purchased
large tracts of laud in the township, and at his
death owned nine hundred acres. Daniel be-
came the owner of "Panther Spring" farm.
His descendants own large tracts of land in the
township.
George, the fourth son of Daniel, settled in
the township where his descendants now reside.
Ann, a daughter of Daniel, became the wife
of James AVilson, and settled in the county.
Her sistei', Mary, married George Sellers, aud
also settled in the county.
Of those who took up lands on warrant in
what is now tiie township of Granville are the
following :
Williium Armstrong, February 3, 1755.
James Armstrong, April It), 1755, 2X2 acre^s.
Thomas Holt, June 8, 1762, 150 acres ; August 29,
1766, 300 acres.
Ephraim Blaine, August 11, 1766, 250 acres.
Isaac Strode, August 1, 1766, 300 acres.
Daniel Jones, September 1, 1766, 150 acres ; August
1, 1766, 210 acres.
James Brown, June 8, 1762, 136 acres.
Joseph Swift, October .SO, 1765, 400 acres ; April 9,
1766, 300 acres ; August 4, 1766, 300 acres.
William Lloyd, November 30, 1765, 216 acres.
James Longwell, August 20, 1766, 100 acres.
Thomas Evans, August 17, 1767, 248 acres.
James Edwards, March 12, 1785, 200 acres.
George Bratton, January 6, 1786, 400 acres.
Thomas Holt and Andrew Gregg, February 4, 1788,
150 acres.
Daniel Jones, May 23, 1794.
John Brown, June 17, 1793, 300 acres.
Charles Magill, June 17, 1793, 300 acres.
Abraham Miller, January 19, 1792, 100 acres.
Thomas Martin, April 25, 1794, 50 acres.
John Baum, July 5, 1790, 50 acres.
Frederick Baum, November 30, 1793, 100 acres ;
1794, 50 acres.
John Baum, March 31, 1791, 200 acres.
Of the following names nothing has been
ascertained : James Brown, William Lloyd,
James Longwell, James Edwards and Charles
Magill. Ephraim Blaine was a non-resident
and lived in Carlisle. John Brown was a son
of Judge William Brown and purchased land
for ore. The land of Thomas Evans became,
with the Holt lands, a part of the Furnace lands
of General William Lewis. George Bratton re-
sided in Harrisburg and died there. A Benja-
min Chambers appears as a warrantee in 1793.
Robert Chambers was a trustee of the Presby-
terian Cliurch also, and Thomas Martin was a
resident of this section evidently before 1780,
and in 1794 took up other lands. Of the
Baums nothing is known.
" Hope Furnace." — General William Lew-
is, of Berks County, began the purchase of land
in what is now Granville township in June,
1797, with a view of establishing a furnace. He
purchased of the heirs of Thoma.s Holt a tract
of four liundred acres which had been warranted
in 1762-66, on the bank (jf the Juniata River,
and extending along on Brightfield's Run,
which was soon after his purchase known as the
"Furnace Tract." Thomas Evans was associated
with him, aud in a mortgage of June 2, 1798,
there is mentioned the Ore-Bank lot, also bought
from the heirs of Thomas Holt ; there was "sub-
ject to be paid forty pounds to each of the eight
heirs of Thomas Holt in cast-iron one year after
the furnace is in blast on the aforesaid described
tract." In all jjrevious accounts of the furnace
it has been stated that it was built in
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
651
1807, but an examination of the assessment roll
of Derry township for the year 1798 shows
that ^A'illiam Lewis was assessed in tiiat year
on four liundred and thirty acres of hind, a
furnace and as an iron-master, whioli is con-
chisive evidence that it was built or buikling in
tiiat year. In 1806-7 he is assessed on a fur-
nace and a saw-mill. Tiie furnace was operated
by James Blaine, of Perry County (who was
liis son-in-law), and who operated also ]\Iount
Vernon Forge, on Cocolamus Creek, in Green-
wood township, Perry County, whicii was built
by General Lewis in 1804. The furnace was
named "Hope Furnace," and was situated
about two miles from the Juniata River and
about six miles from Lewistown. In 1810 R.
Good was associated with him, and the property
belonging to the estate was five hundred and
thirty acres. Mr. Lewis died in 1811, and on
the 24th of April, 1812, his executors. General
John Bratton, William W. Laird and p]llen
Lewis, ottered the property for sale, with four
hundred acres of land in Derry township. It
was udt sold at that time, and David McConahey
an<l \\'illiam W. Laird, who had formed a part-
nership before this and were operating it, con-
tinued until May 23, 1812, when the firm was
dissolved and William W. Laird continued for
several years. In 1817 it was operated by
Blaine, Walker & Co., and for several years,
when it was leased to different parties for ditl'er-
ent periods.
The furnace and j>ro}ierty remained in posses-
sion of the heirs of William Lewis until the year
1830, when it was sold to David A\'. Hulings,
Esq. It then contained two tracts of land, one
of six hundred and forty acres, the other, on
which the furnace was standing, of fourteen
hundred and twenty acres. A part of the Fur-
nace tract is still in possession of his descend-
ants. It was refitted by Mr. Hulings and oper-
ated several years, with John R. Weekes as
manager. Stoves were cast there also, and
many are yet in existence having the brand
" Hulings' Hope Furnace." In 1846 the fur-
nace was leased by A. B. Long & Brothers, who
rebuilt the furnace with a ten-feet bosh
in tliat yea)', and in 1848 they were manufiic-
turing chair-ca.-^tings for the Pennsvlvania
road, then building. They dissolved partner-
ship April 12, 1849, as far as operations at
Hope Furnace were concerned, and sofin af'tci-
sold the material on hand.
On the 13th of November, 1854, articles of
agreement were made between (jordonCi. Wil-
liams, a.ssignee of David W. Hulings, and Wil-
lis W. Hopper, Ellison A. Hopkins, James
Murray and Henry R. Hazlehurst, partners of
the firm of Murray & Hazlehurst, of Baltimore,
Md., for the lea.se of " all the Old Hope Fur-
nace site, houses and lands." In the year
1856 the Hope Furnace Company w'as incor-
porated, comjiosed of the above persons and
others. James Murray w\as president, A. R.
Woods treasurer, and Willis W. Hopper man-
ager. The furnace was refitted and operated by
the company from that time to 1860, when it
was abandoned and the lease given up. The
site of the furnace is still in possession of the
Hulings estate.
Foundries. — In 1873 Henry Selick, of
Ferguson's Valley, purchased a farm south of
Granville village from ]\Iiss Mary ^IcKee,
and erected thereon a foundry, machine-shop
and blacksmith-shop. Here he manufiictured
several patterns of plows of his own invention.
Schools. — Of the first school-hoiises of the
township but little definite information c^in be
obtained. Most of them were built by the citi-
zens, the ground donated without any agree-
ment or deed, and consequently but little can
be learned except from the older citizens. The
first house of which we have any knowledge, in
the locality of Granville village, was a log-
structure built by the citizens on the site of the
house now owned by F. A. McCoy. The laud
was then a part of the Wertz tract. This house
was occupied as a school-house as early as 1 830.
About 1840 a house was built on the present
site, the land being donated by John McFad-
den, and the school being calletl the McFadden
school. This house was replaced by the jjresent
one in 1860.
In 1870 the district was divided and a house
built on a lot purchased from David Corbin,
which is still occupied. An old house stood on
the bank of Granville Run, which was replaced
by the present one in 1859. The lot was purchased
652
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
from James Burns, and later deeded Septem-
ber 27, 1862. (In this house I taught my first
term, in 1859.) There was an old house in the
western end of the township, near to Strode's
Mills, but there is no record of it. The base-
ment of the Presbyterian Church was occupied
as a school-room for a number of years, when
the site of the present house was purchased from
Joseph Strode, Sr., in August, 1861. This
house stands on the bank of Strode's Run, about
midway between the old pike and Strode's mill.
About the middle of the township (east and west),
and on the north side of the Juniata River, was
situated a log house of which there is no record,
and which had not been occupied as a school-
house later than 1840. In its stead a log house
was erected about a mile farther west, on land
purchased from John Hoifmau, August 6, 1840.
This was used for school purposes until 1856,
when a stone house was built near to the site of
the old log house mentioned above, on land
leased from Frank Thom]3SQn. This house was
replaced one year ago (1884) by a substantial
double plank house. About two miles east of
the above house is one formerly known as the
Loop, but now called the Mayes' School. It was
built on the corner of the Matthew Mayes' farm.
Of this school there is no record. The writer
attended school here in 1845.
It was an old house at that time. A new
building was erected on the old site in 1868, and
is still occupied. In March, 1853, the board of
directors bought from the board of Lewistown
a lot of ground situated north of the borough
of Lewistown, and erected a building which is
still occupied, but is in a dilapidated condition.
The first school-house, known as Aurand's, in
Ferguson's Valley, nearly opposite Lewistown,
was replaced by the present building in 1860.
This, in connection with one farther up the
valley, known as the McKee school-house, are
the only two in the valley.
In 1874 a lot was purchased from James
Burns, at Lewistown Junction, and a frame
house erected thereon. It was the first house
in the township in which there were used
the patent desk. There are now five houses
supplied with them. There has been a marked
improvement in school-houses and school fur-
niture within the past thirty years. The first
houses were built of logs, nearly square, with
ceilings scarcely seven feet high. The houses
now built, though not fully up to the standard
of first-class houses, are generally well-pro-
portioned, substantially built and arrauged for
the comfort of both teachers and pupils.
There are at present ten schools in Gran-
ville township. According to last year's
statistics, there were two hundred and thir-
teen male pupils and one hundred and sixty
female pupils — total, three hundred and seventy-
three, with an average attendance of two hun-
dred and forty-seven, and an average percent-
age of attendance of eighty-six.
Presbyterian Church. — The history of
the church here given has passed from the
memory of all except William P. Elliott, of Lew-
istown. The facts here given are from official
records aud from his memory of the old church.
It is not mentioned by the Presbytery unless em-
braced in the Upper aud Centre Wayne congre-
gations, of which Mr. Stephens was pastor, and
who resided in what is now Bratton township.
On the 24th of May, 1781, David Steel con-
veyed to James Huston, Thomas Martin, John
Gemmel and Robert Chambers, trustees of the
Presbyterian congregation, two acres of laud on
the north side of the Juniata River, in consider-
ation of " fiveteen bushels of good, sufficient
merchantable wheat," -with " the privilege of
the use of the head of the spring of water aris-
ing on the northwest side of said fore-mentioned
tract or lot of ground, and also for liberty of a
road from said tract to the present landing of
him, the said David Steel, and what other roads
may be necessary for the other parts of the said
congregation to come from the great tradeing
road to thesaid lott or tract of ground, said road to
be laid out where they may be the most conve-
nient to the people and do least damage to him,
the said David Steel ; likewise the said David
Steel doth grant as much timber as will be suf-
ficient to build a house of worship and study-
house on said tract or lott of ground, and to
allow privilege of fire-wood from time to time
and at all times that may be necessary for the
use of said house of worship and study-
house."
MIFFLIN COUiNTY.
653
Upou this lot a log church was built aud a
grave-yard iuclosed. It is now in the farm of
James Shephard. In 1836, when Owen Owens
became tlie purchaser of the farm, the logs of
the church were still there, about three or four
high. The burial-ground contains many graves,
and among them were the families of Armstrong,
Lyons, Minehart, Steel, Rittenhouse, Gemmel
and others. The church was in use many
years.
William P. Elliott says that the Rev. Mat-
thew Stephens used to preach in this log church,
and in the loft of the still-bouse on Archibald
Moore's farm, now owned by Wra. A. Moore, in
Oliver township.
The Rev. Matthew Stephens settled in what is
now Brattou township before 1780, where he
owned one hundred and twenty-five acres of
land adjoining the farm of James Crisswell, the
elder, an uncle of Judge James Crisswell. He
was one of the ministers present at the organi-
zation of the Huntingdon Presbytery, in April,
1795, and at this time was not an installed pastor,
butheldacall from the Upper and Centre congre-
gations in Wayne township, which he had accept-
ed. He requested permission to return the call at
Presbytery meeting October 6, 1795, which was
granted, and in 1797 he accepted a call from
Shaver's Creek congregation, and soon after
moved to that place, where he remained many
years and died in 1825. This old church aud
society are not mentioned in the history of
Huntingdon Presbytery, and was a small and
weak congregation, and upon the removal of
Mr. Stephens was probably not again supplied,
and the old church went into ruin.
About 182(3 the Methodist circuit preachers
began traveling through this section and
preached at the school-house on the old Steel
farm; among them were the Rev. Dr. Mitchell,
now of Williamsport, and the Revs. Joseph A.
Ross, Tobias Riley, John Bowen and Samuel
P. Lilley ; they also preached soon after at
Lockport, where was built theEbenezer Church,
the first in this section, and which was used by
the people in this section until 1882, when the
Wesley Chapel, a neat and commodious frame
building, was erected near the Granville Station.
It is still suppliotl l)y circuit preachers.
The oldest church in Granville township is
a Presbyterian Church located near Strode's
Mills. It was built in 1848, the ground
being purchased from Joseph Strode, Sr. Rev.
James Woods, D.D., of Lewistown, was its first
pastor. He served the congregation several
years previous to the erection of the church and
continued to preach for them up to his death,
which occurred in June, 1862. It is now sup-
plied from Lewistown.
Gruber Chapel, located on the south side
of Juniata River, on land purchased from John
Keys aud wife, was built under the pastorate of
Wm. R. Mills in 1853. It continued to be
used until the fall of 1881. The village of
Granville having grown up, the body of the
congregation was at or near the railroad station,
and felt that the church should be nearer the
body of the community. A movement was
inaugurated for the purpose of selecting a site
and taking measures for the erection of a new
church. The site of thfe present church was se-
lected and a sale of the old one was almost com-
pleted when, on the afternoon of December 20,
1881, it was set on fire and burned with all its
contents. Measures were at once taken to push
the erection of the present church. A com-
mittee, consisting of W. L. Owens, S. H. Mc-
Coy and John Potter, was appointed to super-
intend the building. The ground was donated
by Mrs. Anna C. Brought. The foundation
was dug and the wall built by voluntary labor
by the citizens. The church was let by contract
to F. D. Beyer, of Tyrone, and was dedicated
July 23, 1882. It is a neat frame structure of
Gothic architecture, thirty by fifty, with a wing
on either side, nine by sixteen, used for class
aud library-rooms.
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
1844.
John Robison.
18(56.
Jacob Bremen.
1847.
William Jennings.
1867.
Owen Owens.
1848.
John Cnpiiles.
1868.
Thomas Mayes.
1850.
Owen Owens.
1869.
James Potter.
1853.
Joseph Brothers.
1870.
George H. Myers.
1855.
Owen Owens.
1871.
J. B. Ecksbeiger.
1858.
John Cupples.
1872.
Andrew C. Strode.
1861.
John Cupples.
1873.
Owen Owens.
18C2.
William H. Smith.
1874.
Alvin Shimp.
654
JUxVIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
1875. Albert C. Burns.
1876. V. Blake Owens.
1877. George S. Haines.
1878. Wm. J. Morrison.
1879. Andrew Minehart.
1880. Albert C. Burns.
1881. John W. Ruble.
1882. Albert Strunk.
1884. Nathan Zimmer-
man.
1885. William Cargill.
CHAPTER XVI.
DECATUE TOWNSHIP.i
The territory was part of Derry township
from 1767 to 1812, and in August of the latter
year a petition was presented to the Court of
Quarter Sessions of Mifflin Co., asking that tiie
township of Derry be divided. In accordance
with this petition, commissioners were appointed,
who proceeded to business and made their re-
port at the January term of court, 1813, stating
that in their opinion a division was necessary,
and presenting the following boundaries :
" They therefore submit to the Honorable Court
the within Plot or Draft of Derry and the part of
Beaver Dam township lately annexed to it, and the
division line which they have made and caused to be
marked on the ground ; the said line Beginning at the
North Boundary of Derry township, in Jack's Moun-
tain, and running South 25° east five and a half miles
to the South Boundary of the said township in the
Shade Mountain, and they further beg leave to repre-
sent that by the said line the said township is equally
divided, and due consideration has been paid to the
local interest of said township in said division."
The court approved, confirmed and ordered
" that the new township laid off be called Deca-
tur township."
It will be noticed that a part of Beaver Dam
township (later called Beaver) was annexed to
Derry township and became by this action a
part of Decatur. In the erection of Union
County, later in the same year (1813), the terri-
tory became a part of that county, and on the
16th of March, 1819, was reannexed to Mifflin
County and Decatur township, the line begin-
ning at the southeast corner of Centre County,
on the top of Jack's Mountain, and running
southerly to the original division line between
Union and Mifliin Counties.
' By Samuel Sterrett.
An examination of the early assessment rolls
of Derry township will show the names of the
early settlers in the township of which this was
then a part.
The following is the assessment of Decatur
township in 1815, and gives the names of
owners of real estate, number of acres and
mills in the township at that time :
Jesse Anderson, 418; James Bell, 50 ; John Bower-
sock, 200 ; Frederick Baker, 150 ; George Baker, 80 ;
James Briston, 160 ; John P. Bell, 300 ; William Bell,
200; George Bell, Jr., 200 ; Arthur Bell, 100 ; Jacob
Bowlet, 100 ; John Baker, 20 ; Jacob Briner, 100, saw-
mill ; Jacob Berntheisel, 100 ; Jacob Kammerley,
200; Silas Crist, 150; James Criswell, 249; Peter
Cross, 325; Widow Cunningham, 74; Henry Dill,
30; Henry Decker, 171; John Delp, 112; John
Decker, 219; Philip Everhart, 225; Branyan Ever-
hart, 200 ; David Everhart, 150 ; Frederick Everhart,
150 ; John Everhart, 150 ; George Everhart, 135 and
saw-mill; Peter Frees, 70, grist and saw-mill ; George
T. Frey, 100; William Glass, 30; Frederick Gill,
300 ; Jacob Gill, 300 ; Isaac Gill, 110 ; John Gross,
421; John Guthart, 283; Peter Gauf, 150; James
Glasgow, 250; John Gwin, 90; Peter Hoflman, 50;
John Harbison, 80; Jacob Hal, 50; Adam Henry,
150 ; Philip Haouse, 162 ; Frederick Harbison, 80 ;
George Harbison, 380 ; Stephen Hinds, 540 ; Christian
Hauer, 150; Henry Williams, 300; George Henry,
225 ; George Knep, 100 ; Jacob Koch, 200 ; George
Knep, Sr., 200 ; Jacob Kern, 175 ; Henry Krebbs,
100; Michael Kline, 70; Christopher Kline, 150;
Daniel Knep, 99 ; Stephen Kishler, 206 ; Joseph
Keim, 25; John Knep, 100; Thomas Kwin, 180;
Jacob Krebbs, 279 ; Henry Knep, 130 ; Peter Knep,
70 ; Jacob Leyder, 100 ; Michael Lipley, 100 ; Nicho-
las Lughty, 290 ; John Lauer, 100 ; Robert McClel-
land, 200 ; Daniel Moren, 200, saw-mill ; Michael
Moren, Sr., 150 ; David Moren, 200 ; Andrew Meeks,
50 ; Frederick Maier, 180 ; John McAuley, 100 ; Wil-
liam Mathews, 170 ; James McDowell, 370 ; Charles
McClinehan, 210; James McClintic, 209; James
McGee, 150; Patrick Meek, 170; James McCanahan,
150 ; James Nixon, 60, fulling-mill, carding-machines
and saw-mill; John Price, 247, saw-mill ; Caleb Par-
shall, 200, grist-mill ; Philip Prossler, 125 ; Henry
Romich, 200; L. Reager, 400; Michael Reagle, 94;
Jacob Ritter, 155 ; John Ritter, 87 ; Christian Ritter,
180; Jacob Reigle, 130; John Reager, 100; John
Rayden, 300; Henry Reitz, 222 ; Bastian Royer, 300 ;
John Shout, 200 ; Jacob Smith, 200 ; Meyer Spegel,
300 ; George Shilling, 200; George Spide, 200; Philip
Stroup, 240; William Stroup, 300; William Stumpf,
400; Peter Stumpf, 100; Adam Stool, 300; John
Stumpf, 112; William Stumpf, 435; Jacob Smuck, 27 ;
John Shilling, 150; John Thomas, 112; Elizabeth Tre-
ter, 30; Mintum Trister, 74 ; Jacob Triese, 650, saw-
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
655
mill; Andrew Ills, 35 ; Jacob Waggoner, 117 ; Jacob
Weiam, 100; John Waggoner, 118; John Whils, 80 ;
Elihu Wilson, 180; Andrew Wonder, 87; Adam
Waggoner, 30 ; Daniel Waggoner, 330 ; John Weeks,
171 ; Anthony Warner, 150; Godfrey Warner, 200 ;
Henry Warner, 100 ; Henry Waggoner, 70 ; Jacob
Yetter, 440, saw-mill; John Yetter, 160; Ludwig
Yetter, 150; Samuel Zigler, 220 ; Adam Zigler, 130 ;
John Zigler, 250; Henry Zigler, 200; George Zigler,
208; John Zartman, 300.
Early Locations. — The valley along Jack's
Creek was not settled as early as the valley of
the Kishacoquillas. The dates of warrants of
the earliest settlers are here given : The first
warrant bears date August 1, 1766, and was
taken by Jacob Bach, and contained two hun-
dred and fifty acres. John Gilchrist look out,
on an order of survey, January 26, 1763, three
hundred acres ; George Frej, three hundred
acres, February 12, 1767. Of these names, only
the name of Frey was in the township in 1815.
In 1784, George Ziegler, or Sigler, took a war-
rant for land at the head of Long Meadow
Run, a branch of Jack's Creek. He took up
lands also in 1786, 1789,1793, and in the latter
year was in possession of four hundred acres.
He had been a resident upon these lands many
years before his \\'arrants were taken out, as in
1775 he was taken prisoner by the Indians
and was in captivity one year, and released the
day independence was declared, July 4, 1776.
He returned home and lived and died on the
homestead. His children were John, George,
Henry, Adam, Samuel, Jacob and a daughter,
Elizabeth. John took out a warrant for one
hundred acres May 16, 1786, and Henry one
hundred acres December 11, 1793. Thompson
G. Sigler, now living on the homestead, is a
grandson of George Sigler. Absalom, also a
grandson, lives in the township. Johnson Sig-
ler, of Derry township, is a sou of Adam Sig-
ler.
The family of Stroup were early settlers in
the territory of Derry township (now Decatur).
Philip and William Stroup were warrantees,
and their descendants are living in the county.
John Stroup, who died December 11, 1867,
aged seventy-four years, was of the family,
and was born in November, 1793. After a
limited education he began life as a farmer, first
working for his father and subsequently rent-
ing a farm. He then, having inheritetl a
portion of the homestead in Decatur town-
ship, purchased the remainder, where he resided
until his death. He was also for many years
extensively engaged in the purchase and sale of
stock. He was married, in 1817, to Margaret
Bair, one of eleven children of Michael Bair and
Catherine Bowersox, who was of German de-
scent, and born in York C(junty, Pa. Her
death occurred January 21, 1843. Their chil-
dren are William, born November 9, 1817 ;
Catherine, May 16, 1819; John, November 5,
1821; Elizabeth, October 2, 1823; Margaret,
September 17, 1824; Sarah, September 5,
1826; Henrietta, December 30, 1828; So))hia
K., November 2, 1830; Mary, November 21,
1832 ; Susan H., December 3, 1834 ; Martin
Luther, March 1, 1837 ; David A., March 21,
1839 ; John L., September 25, 1841 ; Luciuda
A., December 18, 1842; of whom nine are still
living. Mr. Stroup, as an exemplary and re-
spected citizen, wielded much influence in the
community. Apart from various township
offices held by him, lie manifested no desire for
distinctions of a political character. He was a
member and for many years an elder in the
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Decatur town-
ship.
Sarah, daughter of John Stroup, was born on
the homestead and married in Lewistown, Pa.,
on the 19th of January, 1846, to Joseph Moh-
ler. To them were born eleven children, eight
of whom are now living. Mr. and Mrs. Moh-
ler reside upon their farm in Derry township.
The latter united with the German Baptist
Church in 1848, of which she has since been a
regular attendant.
Sophia K. Stroup was born in Decatur town-
ship, and on the 1 9th of May, 1 853, was married,
at the house of her sister, ]\Irs. Bridge, of Decatur
township, to John G. Yeager. After engaging
for five years in the business of hotel-keeping in
Centre County they returned to Decatur town-
ship and resided for three years upon a fiiirm.
They resumed hotel-keeping at Millersburg, Pa.,
and ultimately removed to the farm now occu-
pied by ^Irs. Yeager, in her native township,
where Mr. Yeager died on the lotli of August,
656
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
1876. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Yeager
are Oscar W. and James W., the latter being
deceased.
Susan H. Stroup, the tenth child of Joliuand
Margaret Stroup, was born in Decatur township,
and married, on the 11th of October, 1853, to
John M. McAuley. They have had six chil-
dren, three of whom survive. The present home
of Mr. and Mrs. McAuley is at Locke's Mills,
Mifflin County.
David A. Stroup resided with his father until
portion of his father's estate, purchased a farm
in the same township. Having sold this proj)-
erty, he purchased again in Derry township,
where he'now resides. He married, October 5,
1857, Caroline, daughter of Jacob Miller, of
Schuylkill County, Pa., their children being
John M., Sallie, Katy J., Jacob W., Harry B.
and Frank M. I\Ir. Stroup is a member and
has served for years as deacon of the Evangeli-
ical I^utherau Church of Decatur township.
John L. Stroup, also born on the homestead,
.^^^-^^ ..^^^
twenty-four years of age, meanwhile assisting
him on the farm. He has more recently been
engaged in the wood and lumber business,
though much of his life has been spent as a
farmer. He married, August 6, 1862, Mary E.,
daughter of Tliomas and Mary Kearns. Of
their eleven children, seven are now living.
Martin Luther Stroup was born in Decatur
township and received limited educational ad-
vantages at the public school. For years he
assisted his father on the farm, and, receiving his
in Decatur townshij), was married to Mary
Dressher, of Centre County, Pa. They have
had seven children, all of whom, with the ex-
ception of a son, McClcllan, are now living.
Mr. Stroup has always been engaged in the em-
ployment of a farmer and resides at Painters-
ville, Mifflin County, Pa. In politics he has
been for years a Democrat.
Of other warrantees were John Bell, who war-
ranted one hundred acres March 4, 1786. He,
with McClenahan and Dorman, came up the
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
657
Juniata, and after examining tlio richer lauds
near the mouth of KishacoijuiUas and Jack's
Creek, journeyed up the latter creek and located
lands along its banks and vicinity, for the reason
that the locality was better hunting-grounds. In
1815 the sons — John P.,William, James, George
and Arthur Bell — were in possession of eight
hundred aud fifty acres. James was in the War
of 1812-14. William resided where Ross Au-
rand now lives, and died in 1825. They settled
near Belleville, and later drifted to other parts.
John H. Bell settled on the township line of
Derry and Decatur, where his son, William S.
Bell, now lives. He married Mary E., a daughter
of George Sigler, and settled on a tract of land
given to her by her father. Thompson J. Bell,
of Kellyville, is also a son of John H. Bell.
In 1793 John Brady warranted three hundred
acres July 6th ; Jacob RofF four hundred acres
January 21st; and Conrad Robb, Jr., the same
date, four hundred acres; Frederick Baker, April
12th, one hundred and ninety-six acres; John,
Elizabeth and Daniel Gross, over four hundred
acres. On the 19th of September, 1794, Rob-
ert Duncan warranted four hundred acres.
Of families remaining in the township who
were residents in 1812, are the Bells, Bower-
soxs, Everharts, Hoffmans, Hardsters, Knepps,
Klines, Lepleys, Lauvers, Riggles, Reagers,
Siglers, Stumpfs, Spegles, Shillings, Tresters,
Wagners and Yeaters. Many of the lands in
the township were sold at sheriff's sale years ago,
and passed from the original owners. Caleb
Parshall was an early settler in the township,
and in 1793 owned a grist-mill upon the Long-
Meadow Run. He continued the mill many
years, and died there. He and his wife are bur-
ied on the James Glasgow farm, Glasgow being
his brother-in-law. His son married a sister of
Mrs. William Brown, of Armagh township.
The Parshall farm and mill passed to Robert
Sample, and later to Dr. Joseph B. Ard. About
1840 Joseph Burkholder bought the property,
the old mill having gone to decay. He built a
new one about twenty rods down the stream,
continuing the old race down to the new mill.
The farm and mill are now owned by Mrs. Fear.
The Glasgow farm is now owned by Samuel
Sterrett.
On the form of Robert McClelland, in 1815,
was a large distillery, which was carried on for
many years. The farm is now owned by Mrs.
Mary Stewart. The Sigler lands reached from
the head of Long Meadow Run down the Run
below the old Parshall mill. The property
below the mill is now owned by John Steel.
The saw-mills on .Jack's Creek are many of them
on old mill-sites. The one farthest up the stream,
on the Snyder and Mifflin County line, is now
owned by Edward Lash ; in 1812 it was owned
by George Everhart. Below is the mill for-
merly owned by Jacob McAuley, now by George
Krich ; on a branch of the creek below, .John
Burkholder is running a saw-mill ; below on
the creek is an old mill formerly owned by
John Sigler, later George Oldts, now Jacob
Troch ; still below is a mill built by John Mil-
ler, Sr., now owned by F. H. Miller ; down
the stream is the .John Stroup mill, now in pos-
session of Henry Stine ; next is a mill of
George and John Reagle, and near the Derry
township line is a mill formerly owned by Ja-
cob Yeager, now owned bj' George Frain. A
distillery was built by jNIitchell -Jones and Peter
Hauer in 1856, which was continued two or
three years and abandoned.
The first road through the territorj^ was an
old Indian path from the Susquehanna to the
Juniata ; later it became the stage-route and a
township road through the valley. The Sun-
bury and Lewistown Railroad follows the val-
ley the entire length of the township, along
Jack's Ci'eek and the base of Jack's Mountain.
Post-Offices. — The first post-office in the
township was at the old tavern of Stephen Hinds
before 1812. An old letter is found directed to
John Miller, Sr., to this place in that year.
This office was continued several years and
abandoned. In 1853 a post-office was estab-
lished one mile west of the old office, which is
still continued. George Sigler, Esq., was ap-
pointed postmaster. He was succeeded by
Miss E. Sigler, A. M. Ingram, Esq., and by
the present incumbent, Samuel Muthersbough.
Upon the opening of the Sunbury and Lewis-
town Railroad three other offices were opened
in the township, — one at Paintersville ; the
following have served as postmasters : Abram
658
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Kaley, D. B. "VVeeber, F. M. Fisher and Joseph
Sigler, who is the present postmaster. Sorado-
ville, three miles east of Paintersvillej with F.
H. Miller postmaster. Wagner, two miles far-
ther east ; Joseph H. Wagner has filled the posi-
tion of postmaster from the opening of the
office.
LiLLEYViLLE. — About 1836, S. P. Lilley, a
local preacher of the Methodist Church, bought
the Isaiah Mathews farm and built thereon a
grist and saw-mill and erected a store ; the lat-
ter was conducted by his son Walter. The
business was conducted by them for many years.
The place was of slow growth, and when it ar-
rived to the dignity of a name was called in
honor of Mr. Lilley. At present it contains a
mill, two stores, a Methodist Church, a school-
house and a number of dwellings, and two stores,
one kept by Squire William Swartz, the other
by J. C. Burkholder. A hotel was erected in
1854 by Eiias B. Hummel, and kept by him
for several years, and at present by John Hum-
mel.
Wagner. — This town was laid out soon
after the railroad was opened, a post-office
established and a store was opened which is now
owned by William H. Gibboney. The tannery
near the town was built, about 1853, by William
Mitchell & Son, and is now carried on by George
Saylor & Son. A Methodist Church is also at
the place.
SoRADOViLLE was laid out by F. H. Miller,
and contains a post-office and a few dwellings
and a railroad station and the Lacleid Hotel.
Painter, also a station on the railroad, con-
tains a post-office, a store and a few dwellings.
Churches. — The first church edifice in the
limits of Decatur township was begun in 1820
on the lands of John Miller, Sr., on Jack's
Creek, near the present town of Soradoville.
The members of the Lutheran and German
Reformed congregations united in the erection.
Before its completion, however, strife occurred
between them, and it was abandoned. In the
year 1837 another effort was made by the same
congregations, and the Stroup Church edifice
was built under the care of the Rev. Mr.
Smucker. This later passed entirely to the
Lutherans, who now have it in charge.
Presbyterian Church. — In 1843 the con-
gregation of Little Valley, at Belltown, erected
an edifice for their use, the church to which they
belonged being seven miles distant, at Kelly ville.
James Dorman, Sr., George Sigler, Esq., and
John McAuley, Sr., were appointed as building
committee. The Rev. D. L. Hughes was chosen
pastor. He was succeeded by the Rev. Joseph
S. Smith, Samuel Cooper, Cooper Wilson, Wil-
liam Prideaux, John Clarke, John McKean and
by the present pastor, the Rev. George Chappel.
The congregation in later years grew weak in
numbers, and it was thought best to sell the
church edifice to the Evangelical congregation,
which had increased to considerable extent in
the locality. The building was conveyed to that
society August 13, 1881.
Samuel's Church.' — In 1848, Samuel Barr
donated a lot of land to a board of trustees of
the Lutheran and German Reformed congre-
gation.
This congregation was a considerable portion
of the members of the church at Black Oak
Ridge (St. John), living west of that place, some
a great distance, who came to the conclusion to put
up a church building more convenient for them.
The corner-stone was laid November 3, 1849.
It was finished and dedicated to the worship of
the Triune God on the 16th of June, 1851.
It was built for the use of the Evangelical
Lutheran and German Reformed denominations.
The house is a log frame, and weather-boarded,
painted white. The building is two stories high,
with galleries on three sides. The seats are so ar-
ranged as to accommodate about five hundred in-
dividuals. At its dedication it was named Sam-
uel's Chm'ch, after the owner of the land. The
dedicatory ceremonies were performed by Rev. J.
P. Shindel in the presence of a very large con-
course of people. On the 6th of November the
Rev. J. R. Shindel commenced his labors among
them as pastor of the Lutherans, and Rev. Hack-
man became the pastor of the German Reformed
congregation. They preached alternately each
every four weeks, so that service was held reg-
ularly every two weeks.
The first communion was held on the 1st day
' By Rev. .1. P. Shindel.
MIFFLIN COUNTY.
659
of May, 1853, when niuety-six members com-
muned. Rev. Shindel continued to preach for
them until November, 1857, when, on account of"
ill health and physical prostration, he resigned
the congregation after having served them five
years and seven montiis. The successors were
John Kemj)fer and J. G. Breininger, who served
a short time, followed by Rev. Groenmiller,
who was their pastor a very brief period. Re\-.
Stettler then became their pastor, who served
them some years.
Baptist Preaching. — About the year 184!)
services were held by the Baptists in the Mc-
Auley school-house, the Rev. Bunker
and the Rev. David Williams making occa-
sional visits to the locality. The families who
were connected were the Houghs and Samples.
No church was erected, and preaching was
abandoned after about five years.
Methodist Church at Lilleyville. — In
1852 a church was built upon lands of the Rev.
S. P. Lilley, who was a local preacher of the
denomination and resided at the place. The
congregation is supplied by pastors on the cir-
cuit.
Methodist Church at Wagner Station.
— In 1861 a lot was purchased of Edward
Krichbaum; a Methodist chapel was erected
under the care of the Rev. Samuel C. Smith,
who was then preacher in charge of the circuit.
It was dedicated as the Kemmerling Chapel, in
honor of John Kemmerling, who was largely
instrumental in its establishment. The church
is supplied by pastors ou the circuit.
The Albright Methodist Church. —
This congregation worshipped for many years
at the house of Samuel and Jacob Louver, in the;
winter season, and in the big barn in the sum-
mer. The congregation increased, and in 1865
the Louver Church was built on a lot left the
society, by will, for their use.
SCHOOLS.
The schools prior to 1836 were pay or sub-
scription-schools, and were taught either in
rooms in houses or some abandoned building
fitted up for the purpose. The directors ap-
pointed at the November term of court, 1834,
under the law of April preceding, were Samuel
Bairand John H. Bell, who took charge of the
schools of the township and formed them into
districts. The first school-house was known
as Siglers', and stood near the old Parshall
mill. Four' districts were formed under the
law, which were increased as occasion de-
manded, and at present there are seven districts.
In the Bowersox school-house the German lan-
guage was taught until 1860. The largest
house in the township is at Lilleyville, and con-
tains two schools. It was finished Septem-
ber 1, 1885, at a cost of ten hundred and
forty-five dollars, Samuel Sterrett being the
contractor. The present school directors are
F. H. Miller, R. W. Ingram, Emanuel Oldt,
Henry Goss, George Benfer and John S. Groff.
HISTORY OF JUNIATA COUNTY.
CHAPTER I.
Erection and Organization of the County — Location of
the County Seat — Public Buildings — Rosters of Officials
from 1831 to 1885.
The Erection of Juniata County. — The
causes that brouglit about tlie erection of Juni-
ata County, in 1831, had their beginning in 1789,
when Mifflin County, of which this territory
was a part, was erected. In the sketch of the
erection of Mifflin County will be found a pe-
tition which recites the troubles existing at that
time, and shows that as late as 1801 petitions
were sent to the Legislature asking for a remov-
al of the county-seat. These petitions were not
granted, and soon after so great was the feeling,
that petitions began to be circulated among the
people, having for their object the division of
the county. A bill was introduced into the
Senate early in February, 1813, entitled " An
act erecting that part of ]\Iifflin County which
lies east of and below the Black Log Moun-
tain and Long Narrows into a separate county."
On the 12th of February it was read the sec-
ond time, and upon the question the Senate
w:is equally divided, but one of the members
who voted against it moved a reconsideration,
when, two members (Messrs. Graham and Poe)
being absent, it was carried by a majority of
two votes.
The bill was amended so as to read " An act
erecting part of JNIifflin County into a separate
county, to be called Juniata," and it was ordered
that the bill be transcribed for a third reading.
The following extract of a letter, dated Har-
risburg, February 23, 1813, was seut to the ed-
itors of the Juniata Gazette, Lewistown, and is
of interest in this connection :
"The people below the Narrows of your county
have almost unanimously petitioned for a division.
They wish the Legislature to make the line where
nature fixed it along the rugged chain of mountains
that run through the county. The bill has passed the
Senate by a majority of two votes. Either end of tlie
county now is as numerous and possessing double the
wealth which the whole county did in the year 1789,
when it was divided."
The bill did not pass at this time, and peti-
tions were again circulated for and against
among the inhabitants, both above and below
the Narrows. The officers of the court and
the tavern-keepers at Lewistown resorted to all
kinds of arguments to defeat the measure. The
i-oute of travel from the upper end of Tusca-
rora Valley by the Long Narrows was urged
in favor of a new county. To offset this the
people of Lewistown petitioned court for a road
across the mountains from Lewistown into Tus-
carora A^alley. Viewers were appointed, who
made a favorable report. The court confirmed
and ordered a road to be laid out six feet wide.
The township refused to open it. In 181G a
law was passed granting five hundred dollars to
assist in its construction. Part of the road over
into Licking Creek was made with this money,
and it may still be seen as one of the antiquities
that mark the annals of the past. It has in
some places a grade of twenty-four degrees, or
seven feet to the perch, and it is not known
that any one ever risked his neck or that of his
horse in riding down that road, and had it been
finished it would have taken five thousand dol-
lars and then been utterly unfit for any vehicle
except a one-wheeled cart. It crosseil the Blue
Ridge near the route of the Fort Granville path
and is sometimes mistaken for it. though both
661
662
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
may yet be easily found . In 1818 a road was
laid out from the paper-mill to intersect this
tavern-keeper's road. Few people in Licking
Creek to-day know that they have a laid-out
road to Lewistown.
The Juniata Gazette, dated January 26, 1816,
gives the following letter from a correspondent
at Harrisburg concerning the division of
counties :
" The rage for dividing counties, and erecting new
ones, is greater this season than at any former period.
Among others, Mifflin County is like to come in for
her share. The bill for the erection of a new county
out of that part of Mifflin County that lies below
the Long Narrows, to'be called Juniata, has passed the
Senate, and been presented to the Lower House for
their concurrence. Of its ultimate fate there we can-
not form an opinion."
It is evident it did not pass the Lower House,
as in the session of 1818—19 the following pe-
tition was sent to the Senate and House of
Representatives.
It asserts that every year for seven years
from eleven to thirteen thousand of the people
below the Narrows have petitioned the Legis-
lature for a division, and recites the condition
of the territory at that time as follows :
" The old townships of Milford and Fermanagh
alone in our proposed new county are now nearly as
numerous and much more wealthy, and will sell for
more money than all the county of Mifflin would have
done at the time of its erection, in 1789. In our pro-
posed new county we have twenty-eight grist and mer-
chant-mills, forty-nine saw-mills, three fulling-mills,
thirteen carding-machines, three oil-mills and one
complete paper-mill, and it will be seen by the
printed documents herewith submitted that there are
seventeen counties in the State that are fewer in
number than either the old or new county would be
if divided, and twenty counties in the State that the
lands are not valued half as high as is Mifflin County,
and some of them are entitled to two members. . . .
" The people below these Narrows have all to come
from east south and west to one entering-place, and
then to go up the Long Narrows and through the
mountains, a distance of nine or ten miles — the whole
distance they have to travel to the seat of justice is
from nine to forty miles. . . .
" Nature has fixed a boundary, which ought, at least,
to separate counties ; that boundary is a chain of high
mountains between Mifflintown and Lewistown.
Besides, there exists so much prejudice and jealousy
between the people above and those below that al-
most all public improvement is at a stand while the
question is pending. . . .
" Therefore your memorialists most solemnly pray
your honorable bodies to restore harmony and good-
will among the people by putting this long-litigated
question and the people to rest by passing a law to
divide the county agreeably to the prayers of the peti-
tions, and they will, as in duty bound, ever pray."
This petition, although brought before the
Legislature, failed to bring about the erection
of the new county. Petitions had been sent to
the Legislature from people living above the
Narrows protesting against the dismemberment
of Mifflin County , and all the efforts of the
people below the Narrows for seven years had
been defeated. For a time their efforts ceased.
The idea was not, however, abandoned, and the
Mifflin County opponents sought to dismember
their county partly with a view of holding the
central part. To this end effort was made by
the introduction of a bill, in 182.3, to the Leg-
islature to annex Lack township to Perry. A
bill was also introduced, in 1828, to annex
Greenwood township to Union County (then
including Snyder). On February 4, 1828,
John Patterson, Esq., then a member of the
Legislature, writes that "the bill to annex
Greenwood to Lfnion County has passed the
Senate," and asks for remonstrances. Hulings,
he says, pretends to be against it, but will pri-
vately favor it, and Speaker Middleswarth is in
favor of the annexation to his county.
Neither of these bills passed and Mifflin
County was still unchanged.
In the session of 1830-31, John Cummins, a
member of the Legislature from Mifflin County
and resident below the Narrows, was leader of
a movement to bring about the erection of
Juniata County. The bill to divide Mifflin
County passed the House, and on the morning
of February 28, 1831, passed a third and la.st
reading in the Senate and on the final vote the
bill received eighteen yeas and twelve nays.
The act was approved by Governor Wolf
March 2, 1831, and Juniata County, after vain-
ly struggling for a place nineteen years, at last
was admitted as an independent body.
The boundaries, as described in the act, are as
follows :
" That all that part of Mifflin County laying south
JUNIATA COUNTY.
663
and east of a line beginning on the summit of Black
Log Mountain, where the Huntingdon County line
crosses the same, and running thence along the summit
thereof to the Juniata Kiver; thence across the same
to a marked black oak, standing by the road on the
north side of said river, about the middle of the Long
Narrows, known as a line-tree between Derry and
Fermanagh townships, in said county ; thence along
the summit of Shade Mountain to the line of Union
County, and thence along said line down Mahantango
Creek to the Susquehanna River, shall be and the
same is hereby erected into a separate county, to be
called Juniata."
Location of County-Seat. — Section 9 of
the act of erection provides, —
" That the Governor be and he is hereby author-
ized and required, on or before the first day of May
next ensuing, to appoint three discreet and disinter-
ested persons, not residents in the counties of Mifflin
or Juniata, whose duty it shall be to fix on a proper
and convenient site for a court-house, prison and
county offices within the aforesaid county of Juniata,
as near the centre thereof as circumstances will ad-
mit, having regard to the convenience of roads, terri-
tory, population and the accommodation of the peo-
ple of the said county generally."
In accordance with this authority, Governor
Wolf appointed General Philip Benner, of
Centre, Major Joel Baily, of Dauphin, and
Chauncey Frisby, Esq., of Bradford County,
commissioners for the purpose of fixing the
seat of justice of the new county of Juniata.
The Juniata Telegraph (Mifflintown) of
June 9, 1831, says the commissioners "arrived
in this place Wednesday evening last, and are
now actively and industriously engaged in ful-
filling the duties of their appointment. On
Monday morning they set off from this town
for the purpose of viewing Tuscarora A^alley
and returned last evening. This morning they
will start through Lost Creek and Greenwood
township in order that equal and exact justice
may be rendered to all the different conflicting
interests."
After the merits of the different sites had
been examined, the commissioners located the
seat of justice at Mifflintown, where it had been
located forty-one years before as the scat of jus-
tice of MifBiu County.
The county buildings were erected at Mifflin-
town and used many years. In 1868, when the
question of erecting new public buildings was
brought before the people, an effort was made
to remove the county seat to Perryville or Port
Royal, and excitement ran so high that a bill
was presented to the Legislature for the follow-
ing purpose : "Authorizing an election to be
held in the County of Juniata relative to a
change of county-seat and the erection of
new county buildings." This act was approved
April 11, 1868 ; the election was held on the
13th of October, 1868, as provided, with the
result as given below by townships :
F.ir. Against.
MifHintown 200
Fermanagh 215
Walker 210 92
Faj'ette 356 5
Delaware 1 55 45
Thompsontown 41 13
Monroe 165 16
Greenwood 67 19
Susquehanna 1 22 6
Patterson 141 9
Milford 162 78
Perrysville .3 121
Turbett 13 138
SpruceHill 1 192
Tuscarora 105 149
Beale 89 118
Lack 40 159
Black Log 37 5
2122 1165
The new buildings were erected at Mifflin-
town and it still remains the couuty-seat.
On the organization of Juniata County the
Governor appointed the following officers :
Prothonotary, William Kirk ; Register, etc.,
James S. Law, of Fermanagh ; Justices of the
Peace, Second District, Fermanagh and Walker,
Hugh McAlister and John Knox ; Third Dis-
trict, Milford and Turbett, James Hughes and
John North ; Fourth District, Lack and Tusca-
rora, Thomas I. McConnell, Esq., and David
Glenn, Esq.
Erection of County Buildings. — On the
22d of ]\Iarch, 1832, twenty-seven inhabitants
and proprietors of Mifflintown, in consideration
of one dollar, conveyed to the commissioners of
Juniata County the public square now occupied
by the court-house. It was described as " being
the same piece of ground originally laid out by
John Harris, the proprietor of said town, and
664
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
intended by him for the purpose for which it is
now conveyed, and for none other." It contains
one acre and fifteen perches and is one hundred
and fifty by three hundred feet.
Plans were prepared for a court-house by
Thomas McCurdy, which were accepted by tlie
commissioners and contract made with Amos
Gustine and Everett Oles for the erection of a
it was toi'n away and the present structure
erected. The grand jury of the county, in
February, 1868, reported in favor of and recom-
mendation of the erection of a new court-house.
At that time an effort was made to remove the
county-seat to Perryville, which, upon being
submitted to a vote of the people, was lost. The
matter of repairs or new buildings came up
JUNIATA COUNTY COURT-HOUSE.
court-house at a cost of tliirty-nine hundred and
forty dollars. The house was completed and
the last payment made January 22, 1833; a
bill of $225.93 for extra work was also paid.
The first court was held in the new court-house
in May of that year, court having previously
been held in the old stone Presbyterian Church,
which stood in the burial-ground.
The court-house was in use until 1873, when
from this time often before the commissioners.
On the 19th of May, 1873, Mr. L. M. Simon,
an architect of Harrisburg, was requested to
meet with the commissioners and draw plans
for repairing the old house or to build a new
one. William Ulsh, president of the board,
was appointed to go to Harrisburg with Mr.
Simon in relation to remodeling the court-house.
No mention is made in the commissioners' min-
JUNIATA COUNTY.
665
utes of a report having been received of Mr. Ulsh
or a resolution to build a new court-house, but
on the 1st of June, 1873, a contract was made
with John B. M. Todd to deliver at the court-
house four hundred and twenty-five thousand
good brick for a new court-house, twenty thou-
sand of them to be pressed brick. At a meeting
of the board of cotumissioners July 14, 1883,
it was decided to advertise for proposals and to
let the contract August 11, 1883, at which time
Messrs. Hetrich & Fleisher, of Newport, Perry
County, were awarded the contract to build a
new court-house, in accordance with plans and
specifications, for the sum of forty-two thousand
one hundred dollars, the court-room to be fin-
ished in time for holding court at the December
term, 1884, the whole to be completed January 1,
1885. On February 6, 1874, contract was
made with G. W. Smith to take down the old
court-house. The location of the new house was
decided March 23, 1874.
On the 15th of September, 1873, the commis-
sioners resolved to borrow fifty thousand dollars
on the credit of the county, under provision of
an act of Assembly passed April 9, 1868.
Bonds were issued for eight years, at six per
cent, interest, which were to be paid in eight
annual installments.
Courts were held during the erection of the
new building in the Lutheran Church. The
house now standing on the northeast corner of
the public square was erected for the use of
offices until the offices in the court-house were
ready for occupancy. The court-house was
completed according to contract, and with bell,
clock, furniture, pavement, fences and other im-
provements, cost about sixty-three thousand
dollars. The first floor contains the offices of
the prothonotary, register and recorder. Or-
phans' Court-room, county commissioner, sheriff
and county treasurer. The second floor con-
tains the court-room and three jury-rooms, Mdiile
in a third story are the rooms for the grand
jury.
The commissioners, — General Louis Evans,
William Wharton and George Gilliford, — uj^on
whom the task of building the court-house and
jail devolved, procured plans for a jail from the
Hon. Everett Oles, and advertised for proposals
to be handed in between February 9 and 26,
1833, for the erection of a stone jail. Contract
was made with Emmanuel Wise and Thomas
McCurdy for its erection for the sum of twenty-
six hundred dollars. It was completed and is
still used.
Civil List of Juniata County. — Follow-
ing are rosters of the officials of Juniata Coun-
ty, and of her representatives in the State and
national Legislatures, from 1831 to 1885, in-
clusive :
MEMBERS OF CONGRESS.
Amos Gustine, Twenty-seventh Congress, 1841 to
1843.
Andrew Parker, Thirty-second Congress, 1851 to
1853.
Louis E. Atkinson, Forty-eighth Congress, 1883 to
1885. Re-elected to Forty-ninth Congress.
MEMBERS OF STATE SENATE.
1808.— Ezra Doty (then Mifflin County).
1812.— William Beale (then Mifflin County).
1840. — James Mathews.
1850. — J. J. Cunningham.
1855. — James M. Sellers.
I860.— Dr. E. D. Crawford.
1868. — John K. Robinson.
1871.— Dr. D. M. Crawford.
1877.— Dr. D. M. Crawford.
MEMBERS OF ASSEMBLY.
1831. John Cummings. i James Hughes.
1832. William Sharon. j John Funk.
Thomas Stinson. John H. McCrum.
William Curran. William Cox.
John Adams.
James Mathews.
Union and Juniata.
1850. JohnMcGlaughlin. I 1864. John Balsbach
1852. William Sharon.
1853. John Beale.
1854. John W. Simonton.
1855. James W. Craw-
ford.
1856. George W. Strouse.
1857. Thomas Bower.
1859. John J. Patterson.
1861. John J. Patterson.
1863. George W. Strouse.
SHERIFFS (1831 to PRESENT TIME).
1831-34. Amos Gustine. 1 1859. George Reynolds
Andrew Patterson.
John McMinu.
1869. A. H. Martin.
1870. Abraham Rohrer.
1874. Jerome Hetrick.
1876. Jerome Hetrick.
1877. T. D. Garmon.
1878. William Pomeroy.
1879. Dr. Lucien Banks.
1881. John D. j\Iilligan.
1884. James North.
1835-37. John Beale.
1838. Henry Miller.
1840. Wna. W. Wilson.
1843. William Bell.
1843. Saml. McWilliams.
1850. David McKinstry.
1853. Joseph Bell.
1856. D. M. Jamison.
1862. Jas. W. Hamillon.
1865. Samuel B. Loudon.
1868. John Deitrich.
1871. Joseph Ard.
1874. Wm. H. Knouse.
1877. W. D. Walls.
1880. Joseph B. Kelly.
1883. George Shivery.
666
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
PROTHONOTARIES.
December, 1831, William W. Kirk.
February, 1836, Robert Patterson.
January, 1839, Tobias Kreider.
February, 1839, Lewis Burchfield.
December, 1845, James M. Sellers.
December, 1851, J. Middagh.
December, 1854, Amos H. Martin.
December, 1860, R. M. Sterrett.
December, 1863, George W. Jacobs.
December, 1866, George Reynolds.
December, 1869, Robert E. McMeen.
December, 1872, I. D. Wallis.
December, 1876, Jacob Beidler.
December, 1879, George Reynolds.
January, 1882, George S. Conn.
.Lanuary 1885, Theodore H. Meminger.
REGISTERS AND RECORDERS.
1831. James S. Law.
1833. Robert Barnard.
1836. Tobias Kreider.
1839. Joseph Bogg.
1845. William Reader.
1848. Benj. Bonsell.
1854. Alex. Magonigle.
1855. Joseph L. Stewart. 1883. S. Brady Coveny.
1855. John P. Wharton.
1861. R. P. McWilliams.
1867. Joshua Beale.
1870. Eli Dunn.
1873. J. T. Mittlin.
1876. J. D. Musser.
1880. J. M. McDonald.
TREASURERS.
[The treasurers were appointed by the commission-
ers until 1842, when the office was elective.]
20, 1831. J. Cum- ' 1858. D. W. A. Belford.
Oct
mings.
1836. Wm. H. Patterson
1837. Amos Gustine.
1838. Robt. Barnard.
1840. James Kirk.
1842. Saml. Penebaker.
1844. James Kirk.
1846. Benj. Bonsell.
1848. Jos. M. Belford.
1850. Benj. F. Kepner.
1852. George Jacobs.
1854. JohnYeakley.
1856. Benj. F. Kepner.
1860. George W. Stroup.
1862. Jacob SulofF.
1864. John B. M. Todd.
1866. Robert E. Parker.
1868. Jacob A. Christy.
1870. David Watts.
1872. Wm. C. Laird.
1874. Saml. H. Showers.
1876. Robt. E. Parker.
1879. John W. Kirk.
1881. Jacob Lemon.
1884. John M. Copeland.
COMMISSIONERS.
1831.— Joel Bailey, P. Benner, C. Frisbie.
1832-33.— George Gilliford, William Wharton and
Louis Evans.
1834. — John Funk, Louis Evans and David Glenn.
1835. — John Funk, Louis Evans and David Glenn.
1836.— Michael Bushey, Paul Cox.
1837.— Emanuel Wise.
1838.— Daniel Collins.
1839.— John North.
1840.— John P. Shitz.
1841. — John Kenawell.
1842. — John Crozier.
1843.— John F. Saeger.
1844. — James Lauthers.
1845. — John Dimm.
1846.— David BeaW.
1847.— Ezra McLin.
1848.— Robert Inners.
1849. — Samuel Ranuels.
1840. — David Alexander.
1851. — John Anderson.
1852.— Thomas J. Milliken.
1853.— William Adams.
1854. — Joseph Seiber.
1855. — Daniel Flickinger.
1856. — James Anderson.
1857.— Barnett Rapp.
1858. — Joseph Kerliss.
1859.— Henry BlcConnell.
I860.— John Landis.
1861.— William Kohler.
1862.— James S. Cox.
1863.— John Foltz.
1864. — John Kenawell.
1865. — Matthew Clark, William Logue.
1866.— David Diven.
1867.— David Suloff, Sr.
1868.— Walter App.
1869.— E. R. Gilliford.
1870.— William Ulsh.
1871. — William Von Swearinger.
1872.— David B. Diven.
1873. — Alexander A. Crozier.
1875.— Thomas Watts.
1876. — James McLaughlin, David B. Cox, William
H. Groninger.
1879.— J. Banks Wilson, Hugh L. McMeen, John
B. McWilliams.
1881.— J. Banks Wilson, Hugh L. McMeen, David
Partner.
1884.— 0. P. Barton, John T. Dimm, W. N. Sterrett.
COMMISSIONERS' CLERKS.
1831.
James Mathers.
1857.
Joseph Middagh
1835.
Robt. Barnard.
1862.
John Huzzard.
1836.
J. A. Christy.
1865.
A. J. Greer.
1844.
Caleb Parker.
1866.
Joseph Middagh.
1847.
David M. Crawford.
1872.
James Dean.
1848.
Lewis Burchfield.
1879.
James Irwin.
1851.
John Huzzard.
1885.
Samuel Loudon.
1855.
Tobias Kreider.
SCHOOL .SUPERINTENDENTS.
David Laughlin, commissioned July 5, 1854 ; re-
signed July 5, 1855.
W. M. Burchfield, commissioned July 1, 1855 ; term
expired June 1, 1860.
John B. Porter, commissioned June 8, 1860 ; terra
expired June 1, 1863.
H. B. Zimmerman, commissioned June 1, 1863 ;
term expired June 1, 1866.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
667
George W. Lloyd, commissioned June 4, 1866; re-
elected June 4, 1869; term expired June 1, 1872.
David E. Robinson, commissioned June 6, 1872;
term expired June 6, 1875.
John M. Garman, commissioned June 7, 1875 ; term
expired June 1, 1878.
Wellington Smith, commissioned June 1, 1878;
term expired June 1, 1881 ; re-elected June 1, 1881 ;
time expired June 1, 1884.
Wilson E. Auman, commissioned June 1, 1884;
now in office.
POPULA
TION 0
1800 1810
F Jl
1820
JNI
1830
A.TA
1840
COU
1S50
NTY.
1800
1870
1880
150i'
9691
1S42I
2529
180J
\Ki
1165
1511
1432
2IIG8
1537
1134
674
827
1379
831
1237
1824
1319
761
1018
1423
956
1291
420
887
1G51
1373
1309
1146
1175
1403
1120
1550
485
744
1101
635
1102
703
13411
1303
1719
1557
2006
767
973
1021
644
518
877
820
993
744
11.58
714
1290
1492
1608
1079
2051
857
1039
1078
659
659
899
890
280
131
102
Milford
747
Lack
1071
1439
Walker
Fayette
2028
Mifflintown Bor
Beale
842
1130
763
Port Royal Bor
Spruce Hill
Susquehanna
::::::
681
1007
733
275
Mexico
5387
8.559
9051
11080
13029
16986
17623
18286
CHAPTf:R II.
Miticellaneous Matters — Progress of Settlement — Oddities
from the Old Records — Election Districts — Negro
Slavery.'
Progress ob^ First Settlement. — Statis-
tical tables generally make very dry reading ;
but if the reader will study and analyze the fol-
lowing figures, he will find food for some very
interesting reflections on the beginning and prog-
ress naade by the early settlers. It shows that
even during the trying times of the Revo-
lutionary War there was a steady advance
in clearing and stock-raising, and no doubt
much stock was driven to the army, and taken
farther west by the onward-moving settlers, es-
pecially about the clo.se of the war. The num-
ber of persons owning stock is the be.st index to
the number of actual settlers. Subtracting the
stock-owners from the owners of land, leaves
mostly non-resident laud-owners. A very few
names appear without either land or stock. The
land speculators mostly lived at Carlisle, Lan-
caster and Philadelphia.
' By A. L. Guss.
There mast have been a good many residents
not taxed, as they appear and disappear so often
without any apparent cause. In 1766 Rev.
CJharles Beatty says there were eighty-four fami-
lies residing then in Tu-scarora Valley ; but the
assessment of 1767 does not show more than
seventy. He also speaks of there being fifty
families on the north side of Juniata who meet
together for worship ; yet the Fermanagh list for
1767 does not show more than forty residents
" below ye Narrows." It seems pretty certain
that in these early days poor people who had
no land or stock were generally not placed on
the assessment lists. Judging by the population
given in 1784, which gives a ratio of 5.72 .souls
to a dwelling, there must have been not far from
forty families, in the three townships, of whose
presence there is no evidence upon the tax-lists
of 1785. Many were drifting westM'ard, hardly
tarrying long enough in one place to get on a
tax-li.st. It is apparent, however, that during
the decade covering the Revolutionary War the
population about doubled itself.
1
2
1
0
1
0
1
i
<
i
1
1
1
1
£
is
0
i
E
6 ■
d.
1763.
71
43
51
32
82
60
109
55
96
61
73
54
73
86
77
44
51
32
84
62
115
52
104
65
78
55
77
87
7
5
1
1
3
2
1
1
10
6
12
9
11
17
Est. for Milford'..
Do. Est. for part^
1767.
67
48
86
43
78
54
60
23
57
63
625
475
758
403
587
412
327
184
426
541
61
48
83
36
70
47
41
24
49
46
110
80
156
66
85
57
50
29
61
56
107
82
142
58
96
65
48
27
55
61
60
Est. for Milford '.
Fermanagh
Do. Est. for part '
1768.
40
32
3
45
Est. for Milford '.
Fermana<rh
1769.
Lack.
Milford
Fermanagh
28
10
' An estimate of that portion of Lack which fell into Mil-
ford.
2 An estimate of that part of Fermanagh west of the
Cocalamus.
^An estimate of that part of Fermanagh below the Nar-
rows. In the summary of 1767 only this estimate of the
Juniata County part is included. The seeming decrease in
the acres of cleared land in 1768 is owing to the reduction
in the number held by the several individuals, especially
in Fermaniigh, as given by the assessors, which was done,
perhaps, to reduce the taxes as much as possible.
668
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
1770.
Lack
Miltbrd
Fermanagh...
1771.
Lack
Milford
Fermanagh..,
1772.
Lack
Milford
Fermanagh..,
1773.
Lack
Milford
Fermanagh..
1774.
Lack
Milford
Fermanagh..
1775.
Lack
Milford
Fermanagh..
1776.
Lack
Milford
Fermanagh..
1778.'
Lack
Milford
Fermanagh..
1779.
Lack
Milford
Fermanagh..
1780.
Lack
Milford
Fermanagh..
1781.
Lack
Milford
Fermanagh..
1782.
Lack
Milford
Fermanagh..
1783.
Lack
Milford
Fermanagh.,
1784.-
Lack
Milford
Fermanagh.,
1785.
Lack
Milford
Fermanagh.,
220
611
620
232
429
769
239
817
1048
502
945
892
380
1010
1108
702
1331
1013
627
1247
1989
826
169'
2264
35 42
47 61
52 69
10 63
25 142
23 152
YEARLY SUMMARY.
66
159 183
258 259
232 295
169 173
235 260
295 330
1763
•s
i
1
o
122
140
169
213
213
224
230
224
257
296
298
291
381
378
388
395
416
1
S
5 •=
V
5
i
c
i
i
H
128
136
177
219
236
235
245
234
264
317
342
345
506
474
507
563
526
1
1
8
4
23
37
37
36
47
35
30
31
53
56
58
73
89
77
53
65
115
£
i
o
w
0
g.
1
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1778
1779
110
138
143
161
175
186
181
224
228
247
253
1028
914
1151
1451
1430
2104
2339
2498
3046
3861
4787
97
115
119
134
142
155
169
202
218
228
259
357
367
435
452
381
"4O6
176
135
146
172
179
190
197
252
305
296
237
613
673
793
783
64[
722
699
165
144
143
195
178
205
226
282
345
336
419
749
929
1040
942
737
872
63
55
125
76
"io2
143
239
"281
1780
1781
1782
699
1783
779
1784
808
1785
439
54?
763I
TheRegion in1775-Fithian's Journal.
— The following interesting account of a jour-
ney made from Path Valley, through the whole
'In 1777 no assessment seems to have been taken. It
was not because the settlers were driven out by the In-
dians, as was the case in 17U4-G6, but because of the
chaotic condition of civil affairs incident to the Revolution-
ary clianges in the government.
^ The 1784 list was not recovered ; but a summary found
gives us the following facts, some of them being particulars
not found on any other list :
Lack has 122 dwelling-houses, 69 other buildings, 549
inhabitants, 3 stills, 2 grist and 2 saw-mills, 17,828 acres;
ta.\cs, £216 Us. M.
Milford has 175 dwelling-houses, 178 other buildings,
980 iDhabitants, 1 tan-yard, 14 stills, 9 negroes, 3 griotand
3 saw-mills, 21,231 acres; taxes, £394 13«.
Fermanagh lias 137 dwelling-houses, 75 other buildings.
948 inhabitants, G stills, 1 fulling and 7 grist and 8 saw-
mills, 9 negroes, 25,823 acres ; taxes, £504 6.s. \Qd.
Greenwood as then constituted had 118 dwelling-houses,
125 other buildings, 498 inhabitants, 1 tan- yard, 2 stills,
2 grist and 4 saw-mills, 2 negroes, 124 horses, 142 cows,
119 sheep, 19,390 acres ; taxes, £192 16.«. id.
From this data we would estimate that in 1784 there
were within the present limits of Juniata County 450
dwelling-houses and 2575 inhabitants.
The taxes for 1786 were as follows: Lack, quota for
United States government, £05 5s. Gd.; State tax, £70 4^.
60?.; county tax, £14 l\d. Milford, quota for United States,
£121 lis.; State tax, £183 17s. Id.; county tax, £20 15s.
5rf. Fermanagh, quota for United States, £108 2s. 4fi.;
State tax, £172 13s. Id.; county tax, £34 lis. id. Green-
wood (mostly now in Perry County), quota for United
States, £70 lis. id.; State tax. £77 7». 5c?.; county fax,
£15 9s. Orf.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
669
length of Juniata County, to Sunbury in 1775,
is taken from the diary of Rev. Phiiijj Fithian.
He was a graduate of the College of New Jer-
sey in 1772, and licensed to preach by the first
Presbytery of Philadelphia, November 6, 1774.
There being no vacancies near home, he received
an honorable dismissal, and at a Presbytery held
near Mercersburg was C(.)mmissioned to visit
Central Pennsylvania as a supply to the scattered
churches. May 9, 1775, he left his home at
(rreenwich, N. J., on liorseback, for a tour
through Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania and
Virginia. His journal is all interesting, but we
give place to only that part which relates to
Juniata County. It was addressed to his sweet-
heart, Miss Elizabeth Beatty, M'hom he after-
wards married after his return, October 25th.
In June following, he became chaplain of Col-
onel Newcomb's battalion of New Jersey mili-
tia, and died of dysentery at Camp Fort Wash-
ington, October 8, 1776. He kept his journal
up until after the battle of Long Island, the
last entry, on Sunday, September 22d, being :
" Many of our battalion sick ; our lads grow
tired and begin to count the days of service
which remain." We start with him in Path
Valley, in Franklin County, —
" TImrsday, June 22, 1775. — This valley is in many
places not more than a mile wide ; it is level, and the
laud rich ; the mountains arc both high and so near,
that the sun is bid night and morning an hour before
he rises and sets. I rode on to one Elliot's ; ' he
keeps a genteel house with good accommodations. . I
saw a young woman, a daughter of his, who has never
been over the South Mountain, as elegant in her man-
ner and as neat in her dress as most in the city. It is
not place, therefore, but temper makes the person. In
this valley we have many of the sugar tree ; it is very
like a maple ; the bark is more rough and curled. It
grows in a low, level, rich land. They told me there
has been frost here two mornings this week.
" Friday, June 23. — Expenses at this tavern, 4V shil-
lings ; distance from Philadelphia computed, 160
miles west. We passed from this valley by the
Narrows, ' into Tuscarora valley, a most stony val-
ley ; two high mountains on every side. The pas-
sage so narrow, that you may take one stone in your
right hand and another in your left and throw each
' Francis Elliot, at whose house the Rev. Charles Beatty
stopped in 1766, on his return from the Ohio.
* This is the gap at Concord and opening out toward
Waterloo.
upon a mountain, and they are so high that they ob-
scure more tban half of the horizon. A rainy, dripping
day, more uncomfortable for riding among the leaves.
On the way all day was only a small foot-path, and
covered all with sharp stones. After many circumlo-
cutions and regradatlons through the woods, it raining
all day, we arrived about five in the evening, althrough
besoaked, at one James Gray's,' in a little ham-
let in the woods. He was kind, and received me civ-
illy ; he had good pasture for my horse, and his good
wife prepared me a warm and suitable supper. For-
give me, my country! I supped on tea! It relieved
me, however, and I went to bed soon. Distance rode
to-day, 28 miles; course, N. N. W.; expenses at small
tavern. Is.
" Saturday, June 24. — Before breakfast came in a
Scotch matron with her rock and spindle, twisting
away at the flax. The rock is a long staff on the end
of which is her flax, like a distaff; the spindle is a
peg about 8 inches long, sharp at the end where the
thread is twisted, and large at the other where it is
rolled on. Expense here, 28. I rode on after break-
fast to Mr. Samuel Lyon's,* twelve miles yet in
Tuscarora. He lives neat, has glass windows, and
apparently a good farm. Here I met Mr. Siemens
on his way down. From Mr. Lyon's I rode to the
Juniata, three miles, forded it and stopped just on the
other side at John Harris, Esq.* He lives elegantly.
In the parlor where I was sitting are three windows,
each with twenty-four lights of large glass.
" Sunday, June 25. — Cedar Springs, Cumberland
county. A large and genteel society, but in great and
furious turmoil about one Mr. Kennedy," who was once
their preacher. Poor I was frightened. One of the
society when he was asked to set the tune, answered :
' that he knew not whether I was a Papiast or a
Methodist, or a Baptist or a Seceder.' I made him
soon acquainted with my authority. It is now sunset,
and I am sitting under a dark tuftof willow and large
sycamores, close on the bank of the beautiful river
Juniata. The river, near two hundred yards broad,
lined with willows, sycamores, walnuts, white-oaks
and a fine bank — what are my thoughts? Fair genius
of this water, O tell me, will not this, in some future
time, be a vast, pleasant and very populous country ?
Are not many large towns to be raised on these shady
banks ? I seem to wish to be transferred forward only
one century. Great God, America will surprise the
world.'
3 .James Gray, in gpruce Hill township, who was a
brother of John Gray, whose wife was carried off by the
Indians in 1756.
' Samuel Lyon, Esq., third son of John, lived on the
John Kelly place, in Milford. Houses with glass windows
were yet a rarity in this region.
' Founder of Mifflin.
^ The " genteel society" was the Presbyterian Church,
near the residence of David Diven.
' Think of this observant and reflecting young man on
670
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
" Monday, June 26. — I rose early with the purpose
of setting oti'for Sunbury. I had an invitation to a
wedding in the neigliborhood, but my business will
not permit me. After breakfast I rode to one Mr.
Bogle's/ a well-disposed, civil and sensible man. He
entertained me kindly and acquainted me largely
with the disturbance with Mr. Kennedy. I dined with
him and his wife. She looks very much in person and
appears in manner like my much-honored and ever
dear Mamma. Thence I rode onward through a dark,
bleak path, they call it a ' bridle-road,' to one Mr.
Eckert's, a Dutchman [German]. He used me with
great civility and politeness. Distance rode to-day,
25 miles ; course N. E. I met on the road a tinker,
on the way to what is called the ' New Purchase.''^ He
has been at Cohansie. Knew many there, at Potts-
grove, Deepel and New England town. He told me
that he had been acquainted in Seven Colonies, but
never yet saw any place in which the inhabitants were
80 sober, uniform in their manners, and every act so
religious as at New England town, and Mr. Ramsey
was his favorite preacher. He spoke of religious
matters with understanding, and I hope with some
feeling.
" Tuesday, June 27. — Rode from the clever Dutch-
man's ' to Sunbury over the Susquehanna, fifteen
miles. I think the river is a half a mile over, and so
shallow that I forded it. The bottom is hard rock.
Sunbury is on the northeast bank. It is yet a small
village, but seems to be growing rapidly. Then I rode
on half a mile to one Hunter's,* within the walls of
the bank of the Juniata, at Mifflintown, under the willows
and sycamores that lined the water-edge, anticipating the
Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, " only one cen-
tury forward." Had he been " transferred " no one would
have been so much surprised as himself; and a century
hence will equally surprise us if we live to see it.
' This was Joseph Bogle. He lived and owned the tract
called " Hibernia," where Mc.\listerville is now located.
The Bogles left that section in 1778.
2 The region embracing the valleys of the North and West
Branches of the Susquehanna had been purchased from
the Six Nations in 1768.
' It seems a little strange that an educated man like
Fithian, who could tell a Scotch woman on sight, should
call the Germans Ijy the title of Dutch. The Dutch are not
more nearly allied to the Germans than the English, and in
enterprise and intelligence were at that period not inferior
to either. Yet it was used at that day already, as it is stil!
used, implying a degree of contempt and superiority in the
speaker, and stupidity and inferiority in these "Dutch-
men." The best comment on this stigma attempted to be
cast on these Germans in the old days is the fact that de-
scendants of the " Dumb Dutchmen " now own the farms
of those who once spoke with epithets of reproach. It is
simply astonishing to see how this Teutonic tide, which
entered the county at the east end on the Susquehanna,
has swept through the county to the western limits.
* Colonel Samuel Hunter. Fort Augusta was at Sunbury.
Port Augusta. Then I rode onward to Northumber-
land about a mile, but on the way crossed the river
twice." *
First Appearance op Geographical.
Names on the Tax-Lists. — At first geo-
graphical names are used as pointers to lands
unoccupied, but they soon give place to adjoin-
ing residents. The following selections only
prove that they were then so used and spelled.
How long before this use they were in vogue
must be learned elsewhere.
Lack. — Name spelled " Leek " in 1763, and
also in 1767. Ralph Sterrett has land "adjoin-
ing Hicory Leek" in 1769, and "Hickory
Lick" in 1770, and the same occurs twice in
1799. David Elder has land "adj. head of
George's Cr." in 1769 ; David Magaw on the
same in 1770; and Barnaby Bains in 1774.
John Patts has land " adj. Bigham's Gap " in
1769; Samuel Scott on same in 1772; and
Francis West at " Bigam's fort " in 1774. The
spelling " Bingham," used by some writers,
does not occur in the tax-lists, nor does the
name of Samuel Bigham, who built the fort,
appear in any of the lists of taxables. Rev.
George DufBeld has land " at Head of Tusca-
rora " in 1770. James Glenn has land " adj.
Trough Spring " in 1 774 ; and Robert Livers
a tract " near trough springs waters " in the
same year, and Robert Maga^v a tract on " Wood
Run." " Waterford " is named in 1809.
3Iilfo)-d. — Joseph Jacobs had a tract " adj.
Shade Moiuitain " in 1770 ; it is taxed to him
and his heirs from 1768 to 1782, when it is
styled " Jacob's (Land Jobbers)," and under his
name and that of " Jobbers' Land " it is carried
up to 1796. It is located "on the waters of
Licking creek " in 1792. Sometimes it is taxed
to George Jacobs and "joining John Cunning-
ham." It had six hundred acres, and again
eleven hundred acres warranted, and sometimes
it was in three tracts. Jacobs lived in Phila-
delphia. Major William Beale, Joiin Holmes,
Thomas Say, Moses Bartrim, Jonathan Car-
malt also had tracts "joining James Stewart
on Licking creek" in 1796. In 1772 two
5 The old fording crossed by the large island in the
North Branch at Northumberland, which made the journey
seem as if crossing the river twice.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
671
John Andersons are distinguished by " Licking
creek " and " Tuscarora." A " lot in St. Tam-
any" is taxed to Abraham Wilson in 1799.
William Campbell in 1829 lived in " Tar Hol-
low." Ritteuhouse in 1791 had " 167 acres
land deeded adjoining lands of Thomas Galla-
her and lying on the top of a high hill,
norwest and bewcst of said Gallaher." This
was the Forge Hill, as Duncan McCormick had
one hundred acres "joining Beale & Sterrett,
Thomas Gallaher and Conrad Shuey."
Fermanagh. — In 1769 Charles Cox has a
tract "adj. Cedar spring ridge." In 1707
Francis West had a tract " at Cedar Springs "
and another "above ye Narrows." About half
of the Fermanagh list of 1767 is made up of
settlers and land-owners " above the Narrows "
in the present Mifflin County. The lower
part was " in Mr. McClay's district," and the
upper part " in Mr. Tea's district." They
were the surveyors. William Wallace had
large tracts in both. Isacher Beavens has land
in 1770 "adj. Narrow's Mt.," and John Cox
has a tract " adj. William Riddle in the forest."
Rev. Thomas Bartrim has three hundred acres
"on Doe Run" in 1774 ; and John Wilkins
on the same stream in 1772. In 1782 James
Henderson had one tract " on Lick Ridge."
Peter Tysinger has two hundred and fifty acres
"Barrens" in 1799. In 1791 James Hamil-
ton, Esq., has land on " Heads of Lost Creek."
In 1794 James Purdy and William Magaw's
heirs also have tracts in that locality. Galbraith
Patterson has a tract in 1794 "at the Roaring
Spring." This tract lay " bet^veen Tuscarora
Mountain and Juniata River, west of Poult-
ney's land." This long strip, south of the
river, was part of Milford townshij) prior to
1791. Peter Bright has land on "Heads of
McCormick's Run," in 1794 ; and there are
five thousand acres taxed to " Shade Mountain."
In 1799 the assessors say : " Harrison, William
and 35 others in tracts of about 400 acres each
on Shade Mountain. The whole of this land
that is not valued is Mountain land, and we
assessors can not with propriety lay any value
on it." In 1794 Samuel Jackson and John
Martin's heirs have lands " near Thompson's
Town." So prominent an object and location
as the island above Mifflintown only appears
first in 1808, and is called " Harris' island,"
and again in 1810, when it is occupied for Wil-
liam Harris by William Nesbit; and passing
to William Bell in 1814, is marked " island "
after his name in 1819. No other mention of
it is found on the lists, except that Christian
Myers is marked " Island " in 1828.
Greenwood. — In 1769 and 1774 John Patton
has a tract on "Delaware run" and another
"near Cocalamus;" Joseph Jacobs also " adj.
William Boyd on head-waters of Cock," and in
1770 "on Cockolamus." In 1772 Wallace and
Jacobs have tracts " on Delaware run " and "on
the head of Cockalamus." In 1773, John Cox
has land " on Coeklamus." Samuel Young has
land "adj. J. H. on Coclvs creek " in 1774, and
in 1776 " on Caukelamus." William Patterson,
Esq., had laud in 1769 " on Cockalamus" on
which he built a saw-mill. In 1796 we have
the spelling " Coocalamus." Drinker and James,
from 1779, for many years figure as owners of
a large tract on " north (of) Delaware Run."
Henry Sellers has nine hundred acres "on
Moughantanggo" in 1773. Joshua Bean, in
1796, has two hundred acres "near Machan-
tango," and, in 1829, Peter Osborne's heirs
have a tract " near Makentongo." A few years
ago the Post-Office Department wrote the post-
master at Mifflintown to know how to spell this
name. John Lukens has three hundred acres
on "Dog Run," in 1773. Robert McAlister
had land in "Slim Gut" in 1820. In 1819,
John McGary is taxed with " half an island in
Thompsontown ;" and in 1823 he has "half an
acre in the Juniata river."
NugenCs Meadows. — The tax-list of Wayne
township, Mifflin County, for 1792, gives Sam-
uel Wallace & Co. as owning one thousand acres
" on the head of Licking creek near the road
leading from Wayne T. (McVeytown) to Car-
lisle." Also, Arthur Nugent fifty acres "on
Licking creek." There was at one time a gang
of robbers and horse-thieves infested the coun-
try, who had their headquarters in " Nugeut's
Meadows, on the head of Licking creek." This
reminds us of a record at Carlisle, which states
that, on July 22, 1760, Thomas Nugent and
Curtis Smith were found guilty of felony, and
672
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
sentenced to restore the goods stolen, pay a fine
and go to jail until paid ; " and shall be publicly
whipt, each of them, at the Public Whipping
Post, this evening, between thehoursof five and
seven of the clock, with fifteen lashes on their
bare backs, and each of them to be wliipped the
31st day of July at tlie same place and iiour,
and likewise again on the 7th of August as
aforesaid." There are records at Carlisle of
several persons living in the old days in the
present Juniata County who were publicly
whipped according to the ancient laws and
customs.
Facts and Oddities from the Tax-Lists.
— The tax-lists from 1763 to 1789 are at Car-
lisle, and from 1790 to 1831 at Lewistown.
The writer has recovered a complete copy, cov-
ering these sixty-eight years, prior to the organ-
ization of Juniata County. Some of these have
been badly taken care of, and liave suffered
mutilations. The following could not be found :
For 1764-65-66 and 1777 none were* taken.
The first interruption was due to the war of the
" Pontiac Conspiracy," and the last was caused
by the chaotic condition incident to the change
of government during the Revolution. The
following have been lost : Lack for 1808, and
single freemen for 1801, '02, '11 ; Milford for
1802, '06, '08, and single freemen for 1800, also
one leaf from the end of Milford for 1770, and
the second page of 1782 ; Fermanagh for 1801,
the first page and single freemen of 1806 ;
Greenwood for 1800, '01, '08, and single freemen
for 1817. With great patience and labor the
names on the recovered lists have been arranged
alphabetically, and the township and articles
taxed indicated. In this way many facts, incor-
porated in this work, were recovered. Some
additional facts and oddities are of sufficient
interest to be preserved.
The lists from 1767 to 1778 give the number
of acres of cleared land owned by each man.
These show the original little holes cut in tlie
woods, and the progress in getting rid of the
forest. It is probable that the amount of
cleared land was always underestimated, as all
the tracts certainly were given in at greatly
reduced figures. The lists also from the begin-
ning, for a great many years, but with irregu-
larity, gave the right the taxable held to his
land, whether by patent or warrant of survey,
from the proprietaries of the province, or by
the simple squatter-right of location and im-
provement. Those having only the latter
rights were, of course, actual residents at first,
but soon the improvement rights were sold by
bills of sale, or even personal deeds, and passed
from man to man for many years before warrants
were taken out for the tracts. The application
for the wai-rant is the first record, and it is
usually impossible now to trace the rights of
improvement. At the time, however, these
rights were usually respected, and public
opinion enforced their recognition, even by the
Land Office. All non-resident land speculators'
claims were worthless unless at least covered by
warrants. The patent, of course, was the end
of all controversy. Prior to 1784 sheep were
enumerated, as well as horses and cattle.
Though moving into a wilderness infested with
howling wolves, yet the pioneer settler brought
his few sheep along as if part of his household
goods. Some of the early settlers have the
words " poor " or " sickly " written after their
names, even when they had several hundred
acres of land. They could not eat the land,
nor get money out of it for taxes. Few even
would buy lands, for there was yet plenty to be
had for their own labor and warrant fees.
A comparison of the lists of 1775 and 1785
— before and after the Revolutionary War —
reveals a tremendous increase in the population,
and tempts one to think that some of them
came to the backwoods to avoid service in the
army. On the other hand, it is known tliat a few
Tories left the country to join the British.
In 1778, and yearly afterwards to 1783, a
Continental tax was collected for the use of the
United States. The amount apportioned to
Cumberland County in 1778 was £117,225, 18s.
6d.; for 1779 it was ^111,968 10s. M. The
taxes, not being realized, became complicated
witii the issue of paper scrip. The act of No-
vember 25, 1779, provides for a tax monthly,
for eight months, from January to August of
1780, to raise twelve million, five hundred
thousand dollars for the United States. By act
of December 19, 1780, Cumberland was to pay
JUNIATA COUNTY.
673
£6,980 12s. 6d. yearly for six years, and by
act of March 27, 1782, for effective supplies,
she was given £31,332 15s. to raise in four
payments. Hence, we find ou the Lack list for
1780 this indorsement, — "This is the third
Continental and eighth mo. tax," and in
1782, " pound rate, seven pence half-penny for
effective supplies ; count}^, one shilling per
pound out of State tax."
There were no Germans among the first set-
tlers west of the river. On their first advent
they were regarded with some curiosity, and in
Milford in 1776 it was sufficient to tax one
u'nder the name of the " Dutchmen." Hia de-
scendants are too numerous now to be desig-
nated in this way. There was a peddler passed
through Milford, and finding a vacant tract,
took it up, and it appears taxed to the " ped-
dler " in 1781, "pedlar" in 1782, "ped-
lar's land " in 1783, " peddler's land " in 1785,
and under this advanced progressive spelling
up to 1798. It lay along the foot of the ridge
between the present residences of Shelburn
Robinson and George Guss. The lists of 1782
incidentally prove that stock-raising, under the
stimulus of the war, had become quite a brisk
business ; at least there were then no less than
fifteen " Drovers " in Fermanagh, and more
than five in ^lilford township.
Nothing could better illustrate the changes of
modern days than the great number of " weav-
ers " named on the old tax-lists. Skilled labor
and improved machinery have driven these old
artisans of the loom out of existence. The
first mention of such tradesmen as painters,
plasterers, cabinet-makers, about 1825, show
other changes in the style of living. The first
druggist is Samuel Pennebaker, in 1799.
Formerly the assessor returned a list of poor
children between five and twelve years of age,
whose parents were unable to provide them with
education. This was by act of 1809, and al-
lowed such children to attend school at the ex-
pense of the county. In 1824 the law was
made to provide for three years' schooling be-
tween the ages of six and fourteen, uuder trus-
tees. In 1 826 this law was repealed and that
of 1809 revised. The lists begin in Lack in
1821; in Milford in 1822 ; in Fermanagh in
43
1811 ; in Greenwood in 1813. They were
proliably made out generally on separate pieces
of paper, and hence most ot them are no longer
with the tax-lists. In 1823, in Lack, Thomas
Winn, Sr., and Jr., basket-makers, are noted
for numerous "poor children," including twins.
Then, as now, people in the old days suffered
from fire occasionally. A few cases are noted
on the lists by way of excuse for non-payment
of taxes : Thomas Warry, of Lack, in 1806,
had his barn burned, including all his grain ;
in 1809, William Wright had his house burnetl ;
Widow Jean Patterson, of Fermanagh, had her
house burned in 1821 ; Andrew Nelson had his
house burucd in 1812, and Joseph Fetternian in
1813 — both in Fermanagh — the latter likely in
Mifflintowu ; in Greenwood, William Leonard
had his house burned in 1806; Isaac Sutton's grist
and saw-mills were burned in 1821, in Green-
wood, and the saw-mill of John McAlister in
1828. George Wilson's mill-dam in Milford,
was "broke " in 1807.
Some odd occupations are named : Charles
Hoyt (Hite), of Milford, in 1830, is said to be
a " water-smeller ;" Samuel Stuart, of Ferman-
agh, is said to be a "veiy lazy man," in 1807.
Then we have John Feigle, as an "oyster-
seller," as early as 1828. There is a " clock-
smith," a " tar-burner," a " turnpiker," a
" basket-weaver," a " uuseuce," a " fidler and
grog bruiser," and finally the first " gentleman "
makes his appearance iu Greenwood in 182o in
the person of James Winning.
The assessments, rates and levies were for the
first time made in dollars, instead of pounds, iu
1799. The decimal dollar system had been
considerably in use jjrior to that date. On the
Lack list the " a siston sesears " certify that
they " made the valuation according to John
Knox's return in dollars," on May 11, 1799.
The tax-lists were not made out as early for-
merly as they are now. The appeal for 1799
for Fermanagh was held at the house of Zaclia-
riah Doerst, on September 24, 1799, as directed
by the commissioners on August 13, 1799.
In Lack, in 1795, the officers call themselves
"Cessei-s;" in Milford, in 1797, they "laid un
our cota of tax ;" in Greenwood, in 1 790, the
"asesments" made "by Samuel Osborne, seser,"
674
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
was, in 1791, made by "Sessars," and, in 1792,
'' to the best of our scill," and it was not until
some years later that the school-master came
around. He must have come earlier into Lack ;
for on the list for 1799 we find the following
valuable arithmetical rule which somehow has
escaped the notice of the composers of our
arithmetics. We would not be wicked enough
to spoil it by adding or altering a letter :
" Q. how do you multyply the parts of aney Nom-
ber insted of the hul?
"A. When the multyer is such a Nomber that
aney Tow figers being multiplyed together will make
The said multyplyer, it is shorter to miilty the Given
Nomber by one of these figers, and that Product by
the other, As 5 times 7 is 35. You must have the
Multy Ply Casion table By hart."
It often happened that there were two men
in the same township who had the same name.
It became necessary to distinguish them on the
tax-lists in some way. In addition to " Senior "
and "Junior," there were many other terms
used. One is called " Scotch," " Irish," " Big "
or " Little." There is Henderson, John, " Coo-
per" and "Lost Creek;" Riddle, John, "Nar-
rows" and "Skin Dyer;" Wilson, Thomas,
" River" and " Mountain." One John Kauff-
man bought a farm of a man named Peffer,
and was afterwards designated as "Peifer
John." A man's trade was often used to dis-
tinguish him, and the young John was often
.styled the "Son of" the old John.
Among the " Lands Improven, but not prop-
erty sufficient for discharging the Taxes" in
Fermanagh, in 1790, was the "Glebe" belong-
ing to the Presbyterian Church, styled " Ce-
dar Spring Congregation " and " Congregation,
JNIitain and Lost Creek."
There is great trouble often in tracing up
some names on the successive lists on account
of the great variation in the spelling of the
names. Each assessor spelled, or rather mis-
spelled, after his own fashion. This often in-
volved the first letter and caused a misplacement
in the aljjhabetioal order, as, for instance, when
Right was . written for Wright ; Tuchman for
Doug'hman ; Carr for Kerr ; Euuis for Innis ;
Gelfries for Jeffries ; Eakin for Aikin ; Occar
for Auker; Kingrich for Gingrich; Ginuings
for Jennings ; Cepner for Kepner ; Simmerman
for Zimmerman. It seems sometimes as if
there was a studied effort to vary the spelling
of names. Meredith is turned into Mereddy
and McReady ; Randolph into Reynolds ; Beale
into Bales; Turbett into Torbet; Midick for
Meddaugh ; McClay for Maclay, and so on ad
infinitum. Some are so bad and so variously
spelled that the correct orthograjDhy cannot now
be determined. In 1800 there appears on the
list of Milford the name Jacob Piglow; in 1801
he is Piglo ; in 1802, Pigsler ; in 1805, Peg-
seller ; in 1807, Pigesler; in 1810, Picksler;
in 1814, Pixler; in 1822, Pigslow; in 1828,
Picksler; in 1826, Pixler.
At the end of the list for 1785 is a strange
admixture of what should partly have been
at the head of the list, and to this is added a
jurat dated after the work was performed :
" We, the subscribers, being duly chosen by the
inhabitants of Lack township to assist Andrew Fer-
rier in levying the tax of said township for the year
1785, which we have done according to the best of
our knowledge and judgment, which are as follows,
viz. : We do nominate and return Benjamin Wallace
and David Bail for collectors. Given under our
hands this 2d day of March, 178(3.
"Andrew Fereier,
" Benjamin Wallace,
" Robert Gray."
" Personally appeared the above-said freeholders
and assessor, and was duly sworn according to law
before me, one of the justices, &c., for Cumberland
County, March 11, 1786.
" Thos. Beale."
At the end of the list for Milford for 1786
we have this amusing postscript : " N.B. — The
calculations in this book not to be depended
upon." Also, "for collector, Robert Hogg —
Charles Kenny." Fermanagh list is closed in
1785 with: " Freeholders recommended as Col-
lectors, Christian Lintuer and George Rea. The
above return and valuation of property we — the
subscribers, do declare to be just according to
the best of our skill and understanding. Samuel
Cowen, David Walker, Samuel Sharron. (Ad-
dressed :) Messrs. John Jordan, Ephraim Steele,
Commissioners, Carlisle, fav'd P. Mr. David
Walker." The list of Greenwood for 1785
closed with the following: "January 12, 1786,
Henry Toops, Samuel Osborne and William
JUNIATA COUNTY.
675
Cook Met and Laid the tax according to the Best
of our Judghnient, as Witness our hauds." The
amount of the taxables of tlie township of
Greenwood for this year is nineteen thousand
four hundred and thirty-two, whidi at three
lialf-pence to tiie £, with the young men's tax
amounts to the sum quoted on our towushij).''
The list of Laek for 1792 closes with a state-
ment that the lands of Kobert Croan is occupied
by John Evaus, that of John Cook's heirs by
David Scot, that of John Glen by Matthew
Hunter, " who would not return the land to
me," that of William Gray by Robert Gray,
that of James Stackpole by John Silverthorn.
" These Five Tracts above last mentioned is in
possession of men that some of them is not able
to pay the tax. We therefore submit your bet-
ter judgment whether seated or not seated."
At first sight it may seem trite, if not very
bright, but in modern light all men will unite
that it was not right to write John Right for
Wright, as the assessors often did. There is
often written after a man's name "Dead,"
"Gone," "Removed," "Absconded," "Left the
twp.," " run away to Union County," and
in the case of William Rorabacher, of Lack, in
1828, "left these United States and went to
Centre County." To the names of single free-
men there is often added "married," while one
assessor is more specific and says " married late-
ly" and "married some days ago." In 1791
Robert Taylor, of Milford, " made no return
when demand was made by assessor ; " and Pe-
ter Shalenberger, of Greenwood, in 182(3 : "This
return is doubtful — perhaps one-half the land
is withheld — it is valued higher on that ac-
count." Frederick Dearing, in Lack, in 1823,
is indorsed "Nobody can get a tax of him."
After a man's name in Lack, in 1823, is :
" Should pay no tax on account of two idiot
children he has to support and an old man."
William Webster, in Fermanagh, in 1806, is
" supposed not to be able to pay." " Caleb
Worley's Heirs by the last wife " are called
upon for tax, in Walker, in 1829. In Green-
wood, in 1806, two men are " unhealthy," and
another is "judged not proper to tax." In 1803,
in Fermanagh, there are " forty-four acres lost
by an old survey," and a tract of " Ridge land
not returned before," and " land omitted in the
original warrant."
This bill is appended to the Greenwood ILst
for 1819: "November 27th, — to four days and
the half uf three nights diligent labor, in assists
ing to lay on the following assessment and
valuation — say, five dollars each." In 1797 a
day's work on the roads in this township was
rated at three shillings and six-pence. Matthew
Rodgers, the assessor of Fermanagh for 1806,
evidently believed in rotation in office, as, in re-
turning the names of two freeholders, from
which one was to be selected for tax collector,
he gives this reason : "As neither of them has
served in this township." The men named
were Thomas Sturgeon and Andrew Mitchell.
One assessor, in 1794, taxes land to "name un-
known," and in 1803, "nobody in place of Jo-
nathan Fry ; " and Isabella Lake lives on
" Burchfield's old improvement," in Greenwood,
in 1814.
Lots and houses first af)pear on the Ferma-
nagh tax lists in 1 794. These indicate Mifflin-
town. Lots in Mexico are mentioned in 1814.
In 1820 John S. Blair, a cooper, who kept a
tavern in Mexico, owned a "house and lot
in Mifflinburg." This now extinct, but once
rival of MifBintown, will be noticed elsewhere.
Mifflin County made an eftbrt to collect the
tax-lists and record them in large blank-books.
They are not complete ; some of the original
lists seem to have been then alreadv missing,
while some original ones still existing were
overlooked. On the list of 1805 for Milford
we find tiiis facetious indorsement : " Recorded,
August 10, 1822, by E. Banks, at the quiet and
peaceful desk, while the duelists, Cummings
and jMcDuffie, are shedding each other's blood."
Of all the assessors of the old days, John
McGeary, postmaster, inn-keeper and justice of
the peace at Thompsontowu, certainly was the
most observing and minute in details. In his
list for 1822 he describes one man as having an
" old gray horse blind of one eye," valued at
three dollars ; and another, " a poor, lame, blind
old mare," valued at one dollar. His keen
optic was equally "good for man or beast," for it
took in " an old soldier schoolmaster, and
blind of an eye," valued at one cent ; and " an
676
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
old soldier blind of one eye, and sometimes
weaves a little," valued at twenty cents. He
also describes a " poor old weaver," two " turn-
pikers," a " hunter " and " a drunken tailor of
Thompsonton," while one man has " gone to
the State of Ohio," another's laud is " lost by court
action," and to sum up his virtues to the unfor-
tunate, lie omits altogether the musical cognomen
of John Nineteenhills, who figures on the lists,
more or less, from 1810 to 1831. McGary
describes another tavern-keeper, Michael Holl-
man, as an " inn-keeper and waterman."
McGary gives us the ouly item of party
politics on all the tax-lists. He says Lewis
Evans is a " magistrate, but scorns to act under
old Jo," and Jacob Hoffman is a " magistrate,
but won't act under old Jo." He values the
official profits of the office in each case at six
cents. Finally, in assessing the " divorced wife
of Dr. J. B. Smith," this facetious, hawk-eyed
assessor gives us the only tax-list picture of
domestic infelicity.
Election Districts and Elections. — In
the Provincial Conference held in Carpenter's
Hall, June 18 to 25, 1776, there were two
committeemen from the present Juniata, viz. :
John Harris and Hugh McCormick, Cumber-
laud having in all ten committeemen. They
resolved that in reference to the resolution of
the Continental Congress of May 15, 1776,
" that the present government of this Province
is not competent to the exigencies of our
affiiirs ; " and they proceeded to name places
and districts for an election on July 8th, to
elect representatives from each county to meet
and form " a new government in this province
on the authority of the people ouly." They
made three districts for Cumberland County, —
the first to vote in Carlisle ; the second, in
Cliambei'sburg ; the third division was com-
posed of the townships of " Tyrone, Tyboyne,
Rye, Milford, Greenwood, Armagh, Lech,
Derry, Fermanagh, to be held at Robert Camjj-
bell's, in Tuscarora." William Brown, Alex-
ander Morrow and James Taylor were ap-
pointed judges to liold the election. No one
could vote luiless he first took an oath renoun-
cing allegiance to Great Britain and favoring a
free government, J(jhn Harris was one of the
eight delegates thus chosen for Cumberland to
frame the first constitution for this common-
wealth. Imagine the hosts of Perry, Juniata
and Mifflin and part of Centre gathering at
the house of Robert Campbell, at the Middle
Mill, on Licking Breek, to cast their ballots !
It took some patriotism to make a journey of
three or four days to swear in a ballot, and it
was wise and well that there was a grist-mill
at hand, so that the voters need not go home
empty. Before they met the " Fourth of July "
had already been born, but^the news did not re-
verberate among the mountains for some days
afterwards, though the spirit had been there
with tiie foot-steps of the first white man, for, as
Franklin wrote, " Liberty thrives best in the
woods."
The act of June, 1777, provided that Cum-
berland consist of four election districts, — the
first to be held at Carlisle ; the secoud at Cham-
bersburg; the third at William McClure's, Esq.,
in Tyrone, for the townships of Tyrone, Ty-
boyne and Rye (Perry County) ; the fourth,
" the freemen of the townships of Milford,
Greenwood, Armagh, Leek, Derry and Farma-
nagh, at the house of James Purdy (Cuba
Mills), in Farmanagh." Augusta, Penn's and
Mahoney were the First District of Northumber-
land and voted at Sunbury, Buffaloe, White
Deer and Potter ; the Third District at Pfoutz's
Mill, in Buffaloe. The act of March 23, 1778,
provided that because " it hath been found very
inconvenient to the freemen of the townships of
Armagh and Derry to attend the annual elec-
tion," they shall hereafter constitute the Fifth
District, and meet at the house of Arthur
Buchanan (Lewistown), in said township of
Derry. An act of March 29, 1779, was to as-
certain tiie number of taxable inhabitants in
each county of the State ; and the act of Sep-
tember 24, 1779, appointed representation in
tiie Assembly according to this number of tax-
ables. The act of September 20, 1780, pro-
vided that whereas it had '' been found very
inconvenient " for the people to meet at James
Purdy's, " that henceforth the freemen of the
Fourth District sliall meet at the house of
Thomas Wilson (Port Royal), in the township
of Milford." The act of September 13, 1785,
JUNIATA COUNTY.
677
was "to reduce into one act" the various pro-
visions relating to elections. It provided for
four districts in Cumberland, the formation of
Franklin County having taken away part of the
territory, — the First District to vote at Carlisle ;
the Second for Perry, at the same place above
given ; " the freemen of the townships of
Greenwood, Fermanagh, Leek and Milford,
being the Third District, shall hold their
election at the house of Thomas Wilson, in
the township of Milford aforesaid ;" and Derry,
Armagh and Wayne, being the Fourth Dis-
trict, at the house of Arthur Buchanan. The
act of September 19, 1786, made no changes in
the five counties here treated, but made a dis-
trict of Potter township (Centre County), to
meet at George ISIcCormick's, in Penn's Valley.
The act of September 10, 1787, provided for a
separate (Sixth) district for the townships of
Greenwood and Rye, the election to be held " at
the mill late the property of David English,
and known by the name of English's Mill, in
the township of Rye." The act of September
26, 1788, made the Sixth District of Northum-
berland County out of the townships of Penn's
and Beaver, the election to be held at Albright
Swineford's, in Penn's (Middleburg), and the
Third District at Andrew Bellmyer's house, in
Buffhloe, instead of Foutz's, or Green Mill.
The act of September 19, 1789, forming Mif-
flin County, continued the election districts, ex-
cept that the part of Xorthuinberland which
fell into the new county, and which is now in
Centre County, and embracing Potter and Bald
Eagle townships, was to hold elections at the
house of Enoch Hastings. By the act of Sep-
tember 29, 1789, it was provided that the paft
of Greenwood lying in Mifflin County, by the
act forming said county, be a separate district,
and hold elections at the house of Henry Mc-
Connel, in said district. The same act also
provided that Lack township be a separate dis-
trict and hold elections at the house of James
Stackpole, in said township.^
Negro Slavery axd Servitude. — The
tax-lists furnish the following information con-
cerning slaves and servants within the present
'See act of April 9, 1791.
limits of Juniata County. Besides the negroes
and raulattocs held slaves for life, prior to the
act of March 1, 1780, there were servants to
the age of thirty-one years, and others held for
seven and a less number of years. The line
])etween slaves and servants is not clearly kept
up in the tax-lists, as the same jierson is .some-
times termed a slave and again a .servant. The
value set upon them was very variable, rising
very high in 1 779, in the depreciated Continental
scrip. No effort is here made to locate the
persons taxed beyond the four original town-
ships. All owners not here given as taxed for
" servants " are taxed for negro slaves.
LACK TOWNSHIP.
Grahl, Peter, silversmith, 17S)9, value £12.
Gray, Robert, 1788, servant, £20.
How, Robert, weaver, 1785, servant, £16.
Neely, William, 1792, £7.
MILFORD TOWNSHIP.
Beale & Sterrett, at the Freedom Forge, 1792-94
Cahill, Edward, 1796 ; Sterrett, William, 1798-99
value £.3 in 1792; £10 in 1794; £30, 1796; £10, 1798
£10, 1799.
Bell, William, Esq., 1775, servant.
Campbell, Robert, 177.5, servant.
Campbell, Robert, 1779-83; £40 in 1781-83.
Crawford, James, 1780, servant.
Evans, Isaac, 1790, servant, £2 10s.
Gordon, Joseph, 1779, and two 1780, servants.
Graham, William, 1775-76, servant.
Hardy, Hugh, 1796-97, servant ; £4, 1796 ; £15,
1797.
Harris, Thomas, 1781-85 ; £30, 1783 ; £10, 1785.
Henderson, John, 1775, servant.
Horrel, Clement, J 770, servant.
Kearsley, Samuel, 1775, servant.
Kepler, Benjamin, Sr., 1775.
Kepler, Benjamin, Sr., 1779-80, servant ; £4, 1779.
Kerr, John, 1774, servant.
Lyon, John, 1774^75, servant.
Lyon, John, Jr., 1779-93; £150 in 1779 ; £60, 1781 ;
£30, 1785 ; £15, 1790 ; £20, 1793.
Lyon, Samuel, Esq., 1774-75, servant.
Lyon, Samuel, Esq., 1779-80 ; £150, 1779.
McClelland, John, 1775, servant.
McClelland, Joseph, 1797, servant, £10.
McDonal, Duncan, 1770, servant.
McKee, John, 1825, has one negro girl.
McNair, Duncan, 1786, £10.
Moore, Elizabeth, 1820, T., one black girl, $50.
Moore, George's, heirs, 1821, T., have one negro
girl.
Moore, Jane, 1826, T., one slave, $100.
678
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Okeson, Daniel, 1786-88, servant; £6 in 1786; £10
in 1788.
Patterson, William, Esq., two, 1767-69; three in
1770; £8 for two, 1769.
Patterson, John, merchant, 1804, $80.
Patton, William, 1798, servant.
Pollock, Charles, 1769-80, servant; £1, 1769.
Pollock, Charles, 1773.
Poltney, Joseph, 1773, 1783-87 ; £35 in 1783 ; £25,
1785 ; £22 10s., 1787.
Poltney, Thomas, 1782, £50.
Quigley, Hugh, 1770, servant.
Rodman, James, 1786, servant, £5.
Smith, John, 1769, two, 1797-98, servants ; £15 for
two, 1797 ; £6 for two, 1798.
Stewart, George, Esq., 1775, servant.
Stewart, George, 1775-78, three 1779-82, two 1783
-87; widow, two 1788-90 ; £600 for three, 1779 ; £240
for three, 1781 ; £100 for two, 1783 ; £50, 1787 ; £40,
1789; £30, 1790.
Stewart, John, 1791-1803, two, 1804 ; a girl 1809 ;
£20, 1791 ; £90, 1796 ; $100, 1799 ; $100 for two, 1804;
$20, 1809.
Styles, Abraham, 1797, servant, £15.
Taylor, Robert, 1783-98, mulatto ; £20, 1783 ; £17.
10, 1785; "Black George," £10,1787 ; £11, 1792; £6,
1798. Styled a servant sometimes.
Thomas, Widow, 1798 ; servant, £12.
Turbet, Thomas, Ed., 1786, servant, £6.
Wilson, Thomas, 1774-75, servant.
Wilson, Thomas, 1779-96 ; £150 in 1779 ; £60, 1781 ;
£25, 1785 ; £12, 1790 ; £90, 1796.
Wilson, George, Esq., two in 1804, $80.
fermanactH township.
Allen, David, two in 1803 ; three in 1812; two in
1813 ; value $16 in 1802 ; $600 for three, 1812 ; $110
for two, 1813.
Alricks, James, 1808, $25.
Barr, James, 1793-94, servant, £15.
Bell, William, Esq., 1811-13, $30, 1811 ; $40, 1813.
Bry8on,Samuel, Esq., 1788-99; £35 in 1788 ; £20,
1793 ; $60, 1799.
Bryson, Widow Ann, 1800-17; two 1808; $70,
1800; $10,1804; $100 for two, 1808; $18,1812; $75,
1817.
Bull, Thomas, Capt., 1778.
Cookson, Joseph, 1790, servant, £15, a boy for five
years.
Davis, Joseph, 1795, Widow Sarah, 1802-3 ; £5,
1795 ; $50, 1803.
Fargison, Thomas, 1767, in Mifflin County.
Fry, Gabriel, 1776, servant.
Gamble, John, 1767, in Mifflin County.
Gallaher, James, 1779, £100.
Hamilton, John, 1775, servant,
Hamilton, John, 1778, and two 1780-87 ; £23 for
two in 1781 ; £55 for two, 1785 ; a wench, 1810-23,
and two in 1812 ; $50, 1810 ; $40, 1813 ; $100, 1817
$75, 1820 ; $50, 1822.
Hanson, John, 1780-82 ; £12 in 1782.
Harris, John, Esq., 1776 ; two 1786-88, servants
£18 in 1786 ; £5, 1788.
Harris, John, Esq., 1780-92 ; widow 1793-1800— a
wench; £15, 1781; £30, 1785; £40,1790; £15, 1795
$60, 1799.
Harris, William, 1799-1802 ; $50 in 1799, $60, 1802.
Jordan, Stephen, 1767, servant.
Kepler, Benjamin, 1779-83; two in 1782; £260
1779 ; £20, 1781 ; £25, 1783.
Kepler, John, Jr., 1780, servant.
Kinslow, Widow Thomas, 1802, $60.
Knox, James, Esq., 1808-13 ; $30 in 1808 ; $50,
1813.
Lackins, John, 1767.
Larrimore, Ebenezer, 1793, servant boy ; £15.
Logan, William, Rev., 1790-1800; £30 in 1790,
£19 10s., 1795 ; $60, 1800.
Logan, William, Rev., 1790, servant, £6 — a girl for
four years.
Lowery, Jacob, 1785-86 ; widow, 1804, " an in-
valid " and 1812 ; £30 in 1785.
Maclay, William, Hon., 1769, servant, £1 10s.
Moore, John, 1788-1809; £20, 1788; £15, 1794;
$70, 1800 ; $50, 1809.
McCamant, William, 1808-10, a wench ; $30, 1808 ;
$50, 1810.
McElwaine, Samuel, 1785-87, servant, £10.
McKeever, John, 1769, servant, £1 10s.
McMeen, Robert, 1800-12 ; two in 1811 ; $70, 1800;
.$40, 1808 ; $100, for two, 1811 ; $150, 1812.
Nelson, Robert, 1768-70 and 1785-88; £4 in 1769 ;
£30, 1785; £25,1788.
Nelson, Robert, 1768, servant.
Patterson, James, Capt., four in 1767-69; three
1770 ; one 1771 ; value of four in 1769, £16.
Patterson, James, Capt., 1769; servant, £1 10s.
Patterson, Widow Jean, 1772-83,1795-1804; two in
1779 and 1783 ; three in 1782 ; in 1804 " an invalid,"
value in 1779, £100 each; £20, 1781; two in 1783,
£45 ; in 1795, £15 ; in 1799, $60 each ; in 1804,
$50.
Patterson, William, Esq., 1771-72.
Patterson, William, Esq., 1772, servant.
Patterson, James, Jr., 1782-89, a wench, £15 in
1783; £60 for two, 1787 ; £45, 1789.
Patterson, George, Esq., 1788-91 ; two 1792-1806;
three in 1808 ; £20 in 1788 ; £25 each, 1792 ; $60
each, 1799 ; $25 each, 1806 ; $100 for the three in
1808.
Rankin, John, 1785-86, servant, £8.
Sterrett, William, 1789 and in 1802 struck off at ap-
peal ; same negro taxed to Beale & Sterrett at the forge
in Milford ; £45 in 1789.
Stewart, John, Esq., W., 1824, $25.
Tardevance, Peter, 1780.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
679
Taylor, James, Esq., 1772-74 and 1793, servant ; £15
in 1793.
Walker, David, Esq., 178S, servant.
Watsou, John, Esq., two, 1808 at $75.
Wiley, Samuel, 1793, servant, £10.
Wriglit, John, 1793-94, servant, £15.
Wright, Jacob, 1806, '11, '12, '20, '24, a mulatto boy
130 ; $30, 1806 ; $60, 1811 ; $150, 1812; $200, 1820.
GREENWOOD.
McAlister, William, Esq., 1791-1820, a wench
aged 45 in 1815 and named Phillis ; also a mulatto
girl in 1813.
McAlister, John, a wench, 1823-27. No doubt
this is the same Phillis owned by his father William.
Value £20 in 1791 ; £30, 1795 ; $30, 1799 ; $25, 1812 ;
$50, 1814; $1, 1820; $6, 1823; $5, 1825, and six cents
in 1827.
Montgomery, John, inn-keeper, 1831, 1 mulatto
slave, $10.
The number of slaves in Pennsylvania in
1790 was 3737 ; in 1800 there were 1706 ; in
1810 there were 795; in 1820 there were 211 ;
in 1830 there were 175.
In 1790 IMiffliu County had 59 slaves and 42
other colored persons. Nearly all of these
were in the upper part of the county. In 1 793
there were 23 slaves held in the county.
CHAPTER III.
THE BENCH AND THE BAR.i
Sketches of the Judges and Attorneys of the .Juniata
Courts.
The first court held in the county of Juniata
convened at MiiSintown on the 5th day of
December, a.d., 1831. This fact we glean
from Appearance Docket " B," page 9, for the
county of Juniata : —
" At a County Court of Common Pleas, begun and
held at the Presbyterian meeting-house in Mifflin-
town, in the County of Juniata (in pursuance of an
Act of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, passed the second day of March, A.
D., 1831, entitled ' An act erecting all that part of
Mifflin County South and East of the Black Log and
Shade mountains into a separate County to be called
Juniata ') on the first Monday (the fifth day) of De-
cember, A D., 1831 ; the Hon. Calvin Blythc was
President and the Honorable Benjamin Kepner and
Hon. Daniel Christy were the Associate Justices."
'By Alfred J. Patterson, Esq., of Mifflintown.
At the time of the formation of the county,
IMifflin County, from which Juniata County wa.s
formed, was part of the Fourth Judicial District
of Pennsylvania, and was presided over by Hon.
Thomas Burnside.
Judge Burnside declined to hold the courts,
for Juniata County, and Judge Blythe, of whom
we shall speak again, kindly consented to preside
Juniata County does not seem to have been
regularly connected with any judicial district,
until the passage of the act of Assembly of
April 14, A.D. 1834, which organized the
counties of Schuylkill, Lebanon, Dauphin and
Juniata into the Twelfth Judicial District of
Pennsylvania.
Juniata County remained in the Twelfth Judi-
cial District until, by the passage of the act of
Assembly of April 11, 1835, it was trans-
ferred to the Ninth Judicial District, composed
of the counties of Cumberland, Perry and .Jun-
iata.
By the act of Assembly of April 9, 1874,
Juniata and Perry were organized into the
Forty-first Judicial District.
The persons who have discharged the duties
of president judges in the county of Juniata
are the following : Hon. Calvin Bl}i:he ; Hon.
John Reed ; Hon. Samuel Hepburn ; Hon.
Frederick Watts ; Hon. James H. Graham ;
Hon. Benjamin F. Junkin ; Hon. Charles A.
Barnett. Of these seven distinguished and
learned jurists who administered the duties of
their high position with wisdom, integrity and
fairness, Hon. Calvin Blythe, Hon. John Reed
and Hon. James H. Graham are deceased. Hon.
Samuel Hepburn, Hon. Frederick Watts, Hon.
Benjamin F. Junkin and Hon. Charles A. Ba»-
nett still survive.
We shall speak of the dead first in order —
as Me have remarked, Hon. Calvin Blythe
first presided in the courts of Juniata. Judge
Bl\-the was not a native of Juniata, but was
born in Adams County, Pa., and settled
in Juniata County about a.d. 1818. He
continued the practice of law until he was
chosen to serve as Secretary of State by Gov-
ernor Shultze. He had represented the legislative
district with which Juniata County was then
connected in the Legislature, and there had
680
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
made the acquaintance of Governor Shultze.
After the expiration of his term as Secretary of
State, he was appointed president judge of a ju-
dicial district of Pennsylvania, composed of the
counties of Schuylkill, Lebanon and Dauphin,
by Governor Wolf.
Juniata County having been formed from
Mifflin County, and being part of the judicial
district of Judge Bui-nside, and he being averse
to preside over tlie courts of Juniata, Judge
Blythe, cherishing pleasant and kind recollec-
tions of Juniata, agreed to hold its courts, and
did so from December 5, 1831, until September,
A.D., 1835.
We are informed that Judge Blythe practiced
law for some time in Sunbury, Northumberland
County, Pa., and when he left that place he
came to Mifflintowu on foot, and his trunk
followed him on an ox-team.
The late James Mathers and Thomas Knox,
Esqs., were studeuts-at-law with Judge Blythe,
when he practiced ids profession in Juniata.
General William Bell and Mrs. Jane Irvine,
of Mifflintowu, inform me that Judge Blythe
was a soldier in the War of 1812, and at a bat-
tle at which Colonel Bull, of Perry County,
was killed, being shot from his horse, he mount-
ed the horse which had been ridden by Colonel
Bull, took charge of the command, and evinced
such bravery and skill, that success and victory
crowned his efforts.
Judge Blythe died in the city of Philadel-
phia, where he spent the evening of his longand
useful life. He was a learned and able lawyer,
an honest, upright and M'ise judge, a brave sol-
dier, an" ardent patriot, a man of great amiabil-
ity of character, a highly respected and useful
citizen and a blessing to his age and generation.
We are sorry that we can say so little about
Judge John Reed, as not a member of the
Juniata bar lives to-day who practiced under
him.
When Judge Eeed was appointed president
judge of the Ninth Judicial District he was a
resident of the county of Westmoreland. He
was commissioned July 10, 1820, by Governor
Fiudlay (Juniata County becoming part of the
Ninth Judicial District by the act of April 11,
1835). He continued to discharge the duties of
the position until February 7, 1839, when he was
succeeded by Hon. Samuel Hepburn. Judge
Reed resided in Carlisle and died there. He
discharged the duties of president judge with
great acceptance, being a man of learning, in-
tegrity and wisdom. After he left the bench
he resumed the practice of law, and practiced
with great success in the counties of Cumberland,
Perry and Juniata. We have been informed
that he was a lawyer of most remarkable success
in obtaining verdicts. He was a man of tireless
industry, possessed of a strong and well-trained
intellect, a fine reasoner, a forcible declaimer,
speaking to the point and with great plainness.
Hon. James H. Graham was the first judge
under the elective system. His predecessor was
his competitor for the seat upon the bench. The
administration of his judicial duties had received
the commendation of the public, but the politi-
cal complexion of the district was Democratic,
and Judge Watts was defeated and Judge Gra-
ham successful.
Judge Graham was elected October 6, 1851,
for the term of ten years, and then became a
candidate for re-election, and the Hon. Fred-
erick Watts was again his competitor. He was
again successful in a party vote, and took his
seat for another term of ten years. He was a
man of judicial mind, with a strong intellect,
high integrity, and entirely fair in his adminis-
tration of justice. In Judge Graham's court, if
a suitor had a just cause, he would win, and a
man with a bad case was sure to fail. His
charges were models of brevity and persj^icuity,
clear and logical. The opinions of manj' more
modern judges bristle with citations, but Judge
Graham simply stated the law and seldom cited
tiie authority. He was a judge of dignified de-
meanor, and fully conceived the import of
Blackstone's definition of a court — "a place
where justice is judicially administered."
Judge Graham was a man who had the cour-
age of his convictions, and when he reached his
conclusions he placed himself broadly and fear-
lessly upon the record, and thus courted a review
of his rulings and opinions. He was a man of
grave and imposing appearance, and his charges
were always delivered with solemnity and dig-
nity, befitting the minister of justice in his tem-
JUNIATA COUNTY.
681
pie. After the expiration of his second term he
located in tlie city of Pittsburgh for the prac-
tice of law.
He was an honest man, an able jurist, and a
conscientious and upright judge, and, at the close
of a long and useful life, he died full of yeai's
and honors, in Carlisle, which for more than
half a century had been his home.
Hon. Samuel Hepburn mus appointed
president judge of the Ninth Judicial District
Fcljruarv 2, 1839, for a period often years, by
Governor David R. Porter.
By an act of the Legislature of Pennsylvania,
passed March 9, A.D. 1847, the Common Pleas
business of Dauphin County was given to Judge
Hepburn, and, b}" an arrangement with Judge
Eldred, of the Dauphin District, Judge Hep-
burn took the civil list cases, and Judge Eldred
the criminal cases.
Judge Hepburn was held in high estimation
by the members of the bar of the counties
where he held courts. When he held his last
court in Dauphin County, at the expiration of
his ten years, the bar met, jrassed and forwarded
to Judge Hepburn most complimentary resolu-
tions, which they had unanimously adopted.
Some one in Juniata who knew him well
when on the bench said he was young, hand-
some and brilliant. He was cpiite a young man
when he went upon the bench, and in the very
vigor of manhood he resumed the j)ractice of
his profession.
He also was successful after he again entered
upon the practice. We saw him a very few
years ago arguing a very important case before
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and upon
that occasion his intellect shone forth in all its
brightness, and as a speaker he exhibited great
force and power.
It is said that one of the elements of success
in Judge Hepburn was a remarkable memory.
An acquaintance of the writer informed him
that he had occasion to examine a rare law-book
in Judge Hepburn's office a few years ago, and
the judge asked what principle of law he was
seeking. The gentleman informed him. Said
the judge : " I invoked that principle in the
case of Law vs. Patterson" (I. W. & S.),
a case tried fortv-four years ago, and at once
went to a pigeon-hole and laid his hands upon
the brief which he liad used upon the trial.
In the beautiful town of Carlisle, where he'
has lived so long, he still resides, after a long
and busy life, in a green old age, peacefully
watching the lengthening shadows.
Hon. Frederick Watts was a resident of
Carlisle, and at the expiration of the term of
Judge Hepburn was appointed president judge
of the Ninth District by Governor W. F. John-
ston, 17th of March, 1849. He discharged the
duties of the position with great acceptance.
He was a man of fine appciirance, of grave and
dignified demeanor, of strong mind, a clear and
forcible reasoncr, ripe erudition and great in-
dustry.
In his contests Avitli Judge Graham the dis-
trict was Democratic, and for that reason, both
being acceptable. Judge Watts was defeated.
He held the important and responsible posi-
tion of State reporter, and ten volumes of State
reports bear his name.
As an instance of his capacity for industry
when State reporter, he had a large and lucrative
practice, and his time during the day was en-
tirely oocupied with his clients, and the evenings
were occupied with tlie duties of reporter. Mrs.
Watts informed a friend of the writer that for
a week at a time the judge would not leave the
office at night, but when the small hours of the
morning stole on he \\ould snatch a few hours
of sleep in his sofa in the office.
Judge Watts was for a considerable period
United States commissioner of agriculture, and
resided in the city of Washington. In the dis-
charge of this duty he was exceedingly accept-
able.
In the county of Cumberland he has stimu-
lated agriculture, and taught the farmer to
magnify his vocation.
Judge Watts is a man of broad legal learning,
and possesses a large fund of general knowledge,
is a citizen of great public spirit, and is spend-
ing the evening of a long and honored life in
Carlisle, possessing to a high degree the con-
fidence and esteem of his neighbors, and having
a strong hold upon the people of old Cumber-
land. We have now reached ground with
which we are more familiar. The shadows
682
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
which obscure the far-away and the old dis-
appear with the new.
Judge Benjamin F. Junkin was a native
of Cumberland County, and was graduated from
Dickinson College, at Carlisle, and after his
graduation he entered upon the study of the
law. Upon his admission to the bar he located
for the practice of his profession in New Bloom-
field. At the outset of his professional career
he encountered great difficulties, from the fact
that the lawyers from Cumberland County had
been conducting all the important litigation.
He, however, soon won success and promi-
nence at the bar, was elected district attorney of
Perry County, and served as a representative iu
Congress for the York, Cumberland and Perry
district.
In 1871 he was elected as president judge of
the Ninth Judicial District, then composed of
Cumberland and Perry Counties, and after the
establishment of the new Forty-first Judicial
District, April 9, 1874, he was nominated and
elected as president judge of the courts in that
district. It was Democratic by a large majority,
and his friends believed he could not win ; but,
animated by the same courage and hope which
characterized him in former contests, he suc-
ceeded. After the expiration of his judicial
term he resumed practice at the bar, and is now
one of the leading lawyers in Central Pennsyl-
vania.
Hon. Charles A. Barnett. — Among the
many able men who have graced the bench
and administered the law in Juniata County,
there are none who have served with greater
acceptance, evinced more ability and exhibited
greater fairness and impartiality than the Hon.
Charles A. Barnett, of New Bloomfield, the pre-
sent presiding justice of the Forty-first Judicial
District.
Judge Barnett has shown himself to be a man
of learning, thoroughly trained in the law, and
possesses in an eminent degree the qualities
which fit him for a judicial position.
He has a mind thoroughly disciplined by
a broad general scholarship, substantial and
extensive acquirements in the lore of the
law, with a judicial temperament remarkably
equable. With a great stoi-e of patience,
an excellent listener, anxious to be thoroughly
enlightened in the case, animated with a desire
to do that which is right, he seems the well-
rounded judge, and no suitor in his court feels
that the president judge has done ought than
fair in the trial of his case.
Among his brother-judges in the State he is
held in high esteem and he is much in demand
to hold their courts.
Judge Barnett is very domestic in his tastes,
and exceedingly devoted to his family.
During the summer months he devotes part
of his time to working on his farm, believing
that a well-worked body produces a well-work-
ing mind. He has completed the one-half of
his term, and bids fair to stand among the fore-
most of Pennsylvania's distinguished jurists.
The following persons have held the position
of associate justices in Juniata County:
Hon. Daniel Christy and Hon. Benjamin Kepner,
1831-42.
Hon. John Beale and Hon. William McAlister,
1842-47.
Hon. James E. Morrison and Hon. James Frow,
1847-51.
Hon. John Dimm and Hon. John Crozier, 1851-56.
Hon. David Banks and Hon. Evard Oles, 1856-61.
Hon. Joseph Pomeroy and Lewis Burchfield,
1861-66.
Hon. Thomas J. Milliken and Hon. Samuel Watts,
1866-71.
Hon. John Koons and Hon. Jonathan Weiser,
1871-76.
Hon. Noah A. Elder and Hon. Francis Hartley,
1876-81.
Hon. Jacob Smith and Hon. Cyrus M. Hench,
1881-86.
At the first court held, December 5, 1831, at
the meeting-house in Mifflintowu the following
pei'sous were admitted to practice in the several
courts of Juniata County :
Ellas W. Hale.
Ezekiel L. Dunbar.
James Mathers.
Andrew Parker.
Charles W. Kelso.
Samuel McDowell.
Abraham S. Wilson.
Hamilton Alricks.
James Burnside.
Samuel Creigh.
Ephraim Banks.
Benjamin Patton.
James McDowell.
E. L. Benedict.
At the same court the thirty-seven rules
adopted by the president judges of the several
districts of Pennsylvania were directed to be
in force until otherwise ordered.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
683
Of the above-named persons, but five lived
and practiced in Juniata County : namely-, Ezek-
iel Dunbar, James Mathers, Andrew Parker,
Cliarles W. Kelso and Samuel McDowell.
EzEKiEL Dunbar was a native of Perry
C!ouuty, studied law in Mifflin County, and
upon the formation of the county of Juniata
located in Mifflintown and remained there for
a short time. He then removed to the State
of Indiana and practiced his profession until
his death. He was elected a member of
the Legislature of the State of Indiana,
re-elected and was chosen Speaker of the
House.
James Matheks, Esq., was early identified as
a prominent member of the bar with the new-
county of Juniata. He was born near Newville,
Cumberland County, Pa., on January 21, 1803.
His parents were Joseph and Eleanor Mathers.
While the subject of this sketch wtis a mere
youth, his parents removed to Lost Creek Val-
ley, in what is now Juniata County. Here his
youth was spent on a farm. His education was
obtained at the neighborhood school, and at the
classical schoolof Rev. John Hutchison, in Mif-
flintown. He improved diligently his oppor-
tunities, and was well furnished for the duties
and responsibilities of life, in consequence of his
close application and sound judgment. He
studied law in the office of Hon. Calvin
Blythe, who in an early day practiced his
profession in Mifflin County, with his offlce and
residence at Mifflintown. He was admitted
to practice in the courts of Lewistown in Au-
gust, 1827, and immediately thereafter opened
an office in Mifflintown, where he busily em-
ployed his time in better fitting him.self for the
practice of his profession. He acquired the con-
fidence of the people, and soon rose to a leading
position at the bar. He was employed on near-
ly all important cases, and was more than
ordinarily successful in the advocacy of his
clients' interests.
A superficial analysis of his character, as a
man and advocate, would develop sterling qual-
ities of mind and heart. He was a man of un-
blemished reputation. Any interest entrusted
to his care w-as scrupulously guarded. He en-
joyed the fullest confidence of those who sought
his professional services, and they became his
life-long friends.
He was a man of fine judgment. This fact
gave him power with a jury, although his gifts
as an orator were not of the highest order. His
statement of a case and presentation of an argu-
ment had great weight with those who were
called upon to decide tlje questions at issue.
Being of industrious habits, his knowledge of
the law was extensive, whilst he carefully kept
himself abreast of the times in the knowledge of
the sciences and of literature.
He had great influence with his clients, and
in the exerci.se of that influence often prevented
useless litigation. An eminent journalist (who
in his early career was the special friend and
Protege of Mr. Mathers) remarked some years
ago to the writer, that he had more influence
in this direction over his clients than any lawyer
whom he ever knew.
He was a leader in his party, and in company
with others established, in 1846, the Juniata
Sentinel, calling to the editorial chair A. K.
McClure, at present the eminent editor of The
Times (Phil'adelpliia), a leading paper in the
country. He was a man of positive convic-
tions. What he believed to be right in politics
and religion he advocated with all his might.
Reared in the Presbyterian Church, he adhered
to its doctrines and polity with unswerving
fidelity.
He was an evenly-balanced man, with many
admirable qualities, which compelled the respect
of those w'ho knew him. His life was compar-
atively short. He died on October 5, ISoO, in
the forty-eighth year of his age. He had served in
both branches of the Legislature, and maintained
every trust committed to his keeping.
He was united in marriage, in May, 1829,
with Jane Hutchison, eldest daughter of Rev.
John Hutchison. Three children were born to
them — John H., who became an eminently suc-
cessful lawyer in Western Ohio, and died on the
29th of April, 1875 ; Joseph H., a minister in
the Presbyterian Church ; and James, a youth
of fine promise, who died at the early age of
twenty-two.
He was married, a second time, to Amelia Ev-
ans, youngest daughter of General Louis Evans.
684
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Four children blessed this union, viz.: Marga-
ret E., wife of Hon. Louis E. Atkinson ; Louis
Evans, who died greatly lamented by the com-
munity on April 10, 1873 ; Orlando O., a resi-
dent of Kansas; and C. Isabella, married to W.
D. Davies, Esq., of Sidney, Ohio.
Andrew Parker was born in Cumberland
County, Pa., May 21, 1805. He received his
academic education in Carlisle, and graduated
at Dickinson College in 1824. He studied law
of strong common-sense and practical wisdom.
His mind was acute, robust and logical. He was a
learned lawyer, especially in the principles of
the law, — a man of natural eloquence and a su-
perior and powerful advocate before court and
jury. He was, in the discharge of duty, faith-
ful, truthful and successful, and possessed of
those qualities that should characterize an able
and conscientious lawyer. His reputation as a
lawyer and advocate M-as widespread and his
.^^^00-^..^^
in Carlisle and was there admitted to the bar in
1826. He soon after removed to Lewistown,
Pa.; commenced the practice of law and was
appointed by the Governor deputy attorney-gen-
eral for Mifflin County. In 1831 Juniata
County was formed out of part of Mifflin
County and he then moved to INIifflintown, the
county-seat of Juniata. He continued in full
practice in Juniata and Mifflin Counties until
his death, and had been for years previously the
leading lawyer at these bars. He was possessed
services were often called for beyond the limits
of his regular practice.
Mr. Parker was domestic in his tastes and
had little ambition for public office. He was
decided in his political convictions, and often,
at home and abroad, gave them public expres-
sion. He was a member of the Thirty-second
Congress, representing Juniata, Mifflin, Centre,
Blair and Huntingdon Counties. He was a
gentleman of fine appearance, dignity and inde-
pendence. He was true to every honorable ob
JUNIATA COUNTY.
685
ligation and thus shed grace and impressiveness
upon his daily life. He was married, April 26,
1831, to Ana Eliza Doty, of Miiflintown. He
died January 15, 1864, in the fifty-ninth year
of his age, leaving to survive him three sons and
three daughters.
Chari.es W. Kelso practiced law for some
time in Mifflin County, and upon the formation
of Juniata County, removed to Mifflintown and
there located. He also engaged in editing and
printing a Democratic newspaper in connection
with Samuel McDowel. He remained in the
county but a few years. He had but little jury
practice. He afterwards removed to Erie, Pa.,
about 1839 and was a member of the Pennsyl-
vania Legislature for several terms from Erie
County. He died in Erie.
Samuel McDowel came from Mifflin
County after the formation of Juniata County,
and located in Mifflintown. He had studied
law with David W. Hulings, Esq. He also, in
connection with Charles AV. Kelso, edited and
published a Democratic newspaper. He re-
mained in Juniata County for a number of
years and afterwards died in Mifflin County.
The records of the county show that the
following persons were admitted to practice in
Juniata County after December 5, 1831 :
Jacob A. Christy, admitted December 4, 1838.
Edmund S. Doty, admitted May 7, 1839.
Hon. James P. Sterrett, admitted September 19, 1848.
Samuel Hench, admitted in 1849.
John H. Mathers, admitted May 4, 1853.
Alexander Harris, admitted May 2, 1854.
Ezra D. Parlier, admitted September, 1855.
Alexander K. McChire, admitted September 2, 185G.
William C. Adams, admitted September 3, 185(5.
D. C. Chambers, admitted in 1858.
Williairf M. Allison, admitted September 4, 18G0.
Alfred J. Patterson, admitted December, 1861.
John A. Millikeu, admitted September, 1862.
George W. McPherran, admitted April 29, 1863.
E. C. Stewart, admitted April 28, 1863.
Jeremiah Lyons, admitted December, 1863.
Robert McMeen, admitted September 3, 1867.
James C. Doty, admitted September 18, 1868.
Hon. L. C. Adams, admitted April 29, 1868.
L. W. Doty, admitted in 1870.
Hon. Louis E. Atkinson, admitted September 6,
1870.
George A. Botdorf, admitted September 4, 1871.
B. F. Burchfield, admitted September 6, 1871.
Hon. Joseph M. McClure, admitted December 5,
1871.
John T. Nourse, admitted September 7, 1874.
D. D. Stone, admitted September 7, 1874.
John L. McGoehan, admitted September 8, 1874.
W. S. Wilson, admitted September 8, 1874.
George Jacobs, Jr., admitted May 30, 1876.
H. H. North, admitted May 30, 1876.
E. S. Doty, Jr., admitted December 4, 1876.
Albert L. Robison, admitted December 4, 1876.
Mason Irwin, admitted May 2, 1879.
Slater W. Allen, admitted May 2, 1879.
Brodie J. Crawford, admitted June 17, 1879.
Jacob Beidler, admitted February, 1880.
Ezra C. Doty, admitted December 5, 1881.
J. Sargeant Ross, admitted April 26, 1882.
George C. Yeager, admitted April 28, 1884.
J. Warren Plette, admitted April 28, 1884.
F. M. M. Pennell, admitted September 7, 1885.
We shall very briefly advert to each of the
persons whose names have been mentioned.
Jacob A. Chrlsty was born in Juniata
County, and was a son of the Hon. Daniel
Christy, who was one of the associate ju.«-
tices of Juniata County from 1831 to 1842.
He studied law with James Mathers. He
was an industrious, conscientious, pains-tak-
ing lawyer, possessing the confidence, respect
and esteem of his fellow-citizens. For a
long period of years he prosecuted the pleas of
the commonwealth for the county of Juniata.
He was assiduous and attentive in the discharge
of his trust. He was a man retiring, diffident
and modest in his nature, a true gentleman,
of great kindness of heart and had but little
taste for the contentions of the court-room.
His temperament and training fitted him to care-
fully and intelligently discharge the duties of
an auditor, a position to which he was fre-
quently appointed. He died in Mifflintown full
of years and highly esteemed.
E-DMUXD Southard Doty, E.sq., eldest son
of Dr. Ezra Doty and Rebecca Worth, wa.<
born at Mifflintown August 22, 1815, and
died at his home December 24, 1884. In
1843 he was married to Catharine N. Wilson,
daughter of Hugh ^A'ilson, of this county, bv
whom he had nine sous and one daughter, all of
whom, save one son, who died in infancv, sur-
vived him. Four of his sons studial law under
his direction, and were admittwl to the bar at
Mifflintown, — .lames Clovd, September 18, 1868,
686
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
now practicing his profession at Pittsburgh ;
Lncien Wilson, at the September term of court,
1872, located at Greensbui'gh, Pa.; Edmund S.,
Jr., December 4, 1876, at this time pi-acticing
law at Mifflintown ; and Ezra C, December 5,
1881, engaged with his brother, David B., io
the grain and lumber business at Mifflintown.
Two of the sons, L. Banks and Oscar D., are
engaged in the banking business, the former
cashier and the latter a teller in the First
National Bank of Bedford, Pa. The daughter,
Rebecca, married John M. Peoples, a prominent
attorney of the Westmoreland County bar,
and the youngest son, Edgar N., is living at
home. He entered the sophomore class at
Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Pa., in 1834,
and graduated iu 1836. Shortly thereafter he
entered upon the study of law under the direc-
tion of his brother-in-law, Hon. Andrew Parker,
and after completing the ordinary course, was
admitted to practice May 7, 1839. At once he
became actively engaged in his profession, and
was early brought into competition with some
of the ablest jurists of the State, and from that
time on, until his last illness, continued to en-
joy a large and remunerative practice, which ex-
tended to the neighboring counties of Mifflin,
Snyder, Perry and Cumberland, and was also
counsel in several very important cases in the
Harrisburg and Philadelphia courts. He was
distinguished for ability, integrity, energy,
courage, devotion to the interests of his clients
and for professional fidelity. As a counselor he
was cautious and reliable. As an advocate he
was able, earnest and at times eloquent ; with
rare intuition his active mind grasped and
grouped the salient points, and discarding all
irrelevant matter, presented the facts of a case
with singular ability. His forte seemed te be
in the presentation of legal questions to the
court. Few men excelled him in all the attri-
butes of the la^vTer. An earnest and impressive
advocate, a wise and judicious counselor, skillful
in the trial of a cause, he possessed wonderful
tact in the examination and cross-examination
of witnesses, and was most happy in the pres-
entation of the facts to the jury.
Although possessed of the brightest abilities,
ti'ained to their fullest develoi^ment by education
and experience, he was one of the simplest and
most unaffected in his intercourse with his fellow-
men. To him all men were veritably equal, his
only test of manhood being honesty, industry,
sobriety and good behavior. In his charities,
which were neither few nor trifling, he was un-
ostentatious.
In politics lie^ was an earnest and avowed
Democrat. In municipal affairs he acted rather
as a citizen than as a Democrat, and voted for
the man who, in his judgment, was best quali-
fied for the position ; he placed duty to the com-
munity above party feeling. He was not ambi-
tious for public 230sition. But once in his life did
he ask for the suffrages of his fellow-citizens,
when he ran for the State Senate in 1854, and was
engulfed by the Know-Nothing whirlwind of
that year. He never afterwards permitted the
use of his name for any political position, but
still took an active part in the discussion of all
political questions and represented his party in
Sttvte and national conventions.
In the discharge of his Christian duties, in his
earnest religious life, his chief traits of char-
acter were most strikingly exemplified. Early
in life he united with the Presbyterian Church
in his native place. For fifty years he took a
leading part in every good work. The cause of
temperance found in him a most active and
earnest advocate. The Sunday-school for years
was sustained and rendered an efficient auxiliary
of the church mainly by his personal efforts.
Whilst yet a young man he was elected a ruling
elder, and for nearly forty years served to the
acceptance aud edification of the church in this
capacity. He often represented his church in
the meetings of Presbytery, Synod, and sev-
eral times was sent as a delegate to thfe General
Assembly, and was no inefficient member of that
body, being put upon the most imjjortiint com-
mittees.
Hon. James P. Sterrett was born in Mil-
ford township, Juniata County, and was gradu-
ated from Jefferson College; studied law in
Lancaster City, and for a short time practiced
there. He then removed to Pittsburgh, where
he located and practiced his profession with
great success. After some years he was elected
one of the president judges of the courts of the
JUNIATA COUNTy.
687
county of Allegheny, and discharged the duties
of the position with gi'eat acceptance, earning
the reputation of being an honest, learned and
wise jurist. He was re-elected to a second term
and afterwards nominated by the Republican
party of Pennsylvania as their candidate for
Supreme judge, but in the changing tide of po-
litical i)2)inion incident to that year he was
defeated. When the time came for the nomina-
tion of another candidate for Supreme judge he
was again nominated for the Supreme bench
and elected by a large majority.
Judge Sterrett is held in liigh repute by the
lawyers of this commonwealth, and has among
them very many warm friends. He is a man
of learuing, of spotless purity of life and emi-
nently fitted to discharge the duties of the high
and honorable position to which his fellow-citi-
zens of this great commonwealtli have called
him. He is a man of great kindness of heart
and hospitality, and takes pleasure in entertain-
ing his friends, especially Juniata County people,
in his handsome home in the city of Philadel-
phia, where he resides.
Samuel Hexch was born in Turbett town-
ship, Juniata County, and after receiving a good
education went to Lancaster City, and there
studied law with the Hon. Thaddeus Stevens ;
then removed to Juniata County and began the
practice of law. He almost immediately ac-
quired a large practice and took his position as
of the leadei-s of the bar. He was a man of
popular mental gifts, an eloquent, ready speaker
of great force and power. A future of the
brightest cast was looming up before him, and
had his life been spared he would doubtless
have become one of the prominent men of the
commonwciilth ; but almost in the morning of
his professional life he was stricken do\;n, dying
in iCifflintowu in 18o7.
John H. Mather.s was born in Mifflintown ;
prepared for Jefferson College, from which he
graduated, and studied law with the Hon. An-
drew Parker. He practiced law for some time
in [Mifflintown, and was elected district attorney
for the count}-. He then removed to Sidney,
Ohio, where he became a very successful lawyer
and amassal considerable wealth. He ha'* since
died.
Alexander Harris wa.s born in Juniata
County ; studied law with Edmund S. Doty,
and then removed to Lanciister City, where he
now resides, practicing law aud giving some
attention to literary pursuits.
Ezra D. Parker was boru in Mifflintown ;
was prepared for college at Tuscarora Acad-
emy; then entered Jefferson College, from which
he graduated ; and then entered as a student at
Princeton College, aud, in due time received his
diploma.
He then entered upon the study of the law
in the office of his father, the late Hon. Andrew
Parker.
Mr. Parker served for one term as district
attorney of Juniata County.
He has been a successful lawyer, the result
of natural power of a superior order thoroughly
disciplined and well-trained. An eloquent
speaker, presenting his case with force and
power, his iufluence with the jury is strong and
persuasive.
When he rises to address an audience, the
people expect something humorous, and they are
rarely disappointed.
He is a man of pleasant and urbane manners,
very popular with the people of the county, and
has sustained the reputation which characterized
his distinguished father, who had few peers in
the commonwealth as a lawyer.
Alexander K. McClure was born iu Perry
County, Pa., came to Mifflintown, and for a time
edited and printed the Juniata Sentinel about
the same time he read law.
He afterwards removed to Chambersburg,
Pa., became the editor of the Franklin Meposi-
tory, aud also successfully practiced his profes-
sion. He was elected a member of the Senate
of Pennsylvania, and servetl the term. A few
years ago he removed to the city of Philadel-
])hia, and became the editor of the Philadelphia
Times, a paper which has many patrons and
friends in this commonwealth. Colonel McClure
is an able lawyer, an eloquent speaker, a vigor-
ous thinker, and wields a facile and trenchant
l)en.
D. C. Chamhers located iu Mifflin in 18-58;
w;is elected district attorney; served his term;
returned to Philadelphia, where he uow resides.
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
William M. Allison was born in Scotland,
and came to this couutry with his father, who
was an eminent minister in the Presbyterian
Church. Mr. A'llison was prepared for college
at Tiiscarora Academy ; entered Lafayette Col-
lege, from which he graduated with honor. He
entered the law-office of Ezra D. Parker, Esq.,
and was admitted to the bar September 4, 1860.
He practiced his profession for a number of
years, but of late has been giving his attention
to editing and publishing a newspaper, the
Juniata Herald. Mr. Allison is a man of schol-
arship and a facile journalist.
WiLLiAJi C. Adams was born in Walker
township, read law with Edmund S. Doty, and
was admitted to the bar of Juniata County in
1856. He practiced his profession in Juniata
for some years, and then removed to Philadel-
phia, where he now resides and practices.
Alfred J. Patterson was born in Spruce
Hill township November 21,1837,aud spent the
earlier years of his life upon his father's farm.
He was prepared for college at Tuscarora Acad-
emy ; entered Jefferson College in 1856, gradu-
ating therefrom in 1859. He read law with the
Hon. Andrew Parker, and was admitted in Dec,
1861. Mr. Patterson practiced his profession
in Clearfield, Pa., two years, and then returned
to Juniatji County. He was elected, and served
for three years, as district attorney of Juniata
County ; was nominated as a Democratic candi-
date for president judge of the Forty-first Ju-
dicial District of Pennsylvania by Juniata
County, but in the Judicial Conference with-
drew in favor of the Hon. Charles A. Barnett,
who was subsequently elected. He was also the
Democratic candidate for Congress, in the Eigh-
teenth District of Pennsylvania, in the election
in 1884, but, in the political cyclone which swept
Pennsylvania with a Hepublican majority of
eighty-one thousand, was defeated.
Mr. Patterson is a man of scholarship, indus-
try and energy, and has a large share of the
practice in his native county.
John A. Millikin was born in Beale town-
ship, Juniata County; was prepared for college
at Tuscarora Academy ; entered Jefferson College
in 1856, and graduated in 1859. He read law
with Edmund S. Doty, Esq. ; was elected and
served as district attorney for a term, after
which he removed to Wellington, Sumner
County, Kansas, where he now resides.
George W. McPherran was born in Hunt-
ingdon County, Pa.; received his ^preparatory
education at Airy View Academy. He read
law with Hon. Andrew Parker ; was admitted
to the bar in 1863, and soon after removed to
Philadelphia, where he now resides.
E. C. Stewart was born in Spruce Hill
township ; received his preparatory education at
Airy View Academy, and read law with Hon.
Andrew Parker ; was admitted and for some
time practiced his profession in Mifflin. He
held the position of revenue assessor under
the government of the United States. He
afterwards abandoned the practice of law and
became a minister in the Methodist Episcopal
Church. He was an eloquent speaker, of pleas-
ant manners and strong intellect. He died at
his father's home March 8, 1873.
Jeremiah Lyons was born in Perry County ;
received preparatory training at the academy in
his native county ; entered the law-office of Ed-
mund S. Doty ; was admitted and located for
the practice of his profession in Mifflintown.
He was one of the electors in the Electoral
College of 1876. Mr. Lyons is an indus-
trious, painstaking lawyer, and gives close
attention to his profession. He is a well-read
lawyer, a man of intellect, a forcible .speaker,
and has a large and lucrative practice.
Robert McMeen was born in Fayette
township, and after preparatory training he en-
tered Jefferson College. He afterwards entered
the law-office of Edmund S. Doty and was ad-
mitted to the bar. He was elected and served
two terms as district attorney of Juniata County.
A few years ago he removed to Washington
City, where he remained some two years, after
which he returned to Juniata, where he now
practices his profession. Mr. McMeen is a care-
ful and industrious lawyer.
James C. Doty was born in Mifflintown ;
entered Yale College, where he remained until
ill-health compelled him to abandon his inten-
tion of graduating at that famous school. He
entered as a student-at-law the office of his
father, Edmund S. Doty. He was admitted and
JUNIATA COUNTY.
689
practiced for a nnmber of years in Mifflintown.
lie then removed to Pittsburgli, where he has
been remarkably successful, having acquired a
large and lucrative practice.
Hox. L. C. Adams was born in Walker town-
siiip and graduated fi"om Jett'erson College. He
entered the law-office of Edmund S. Doty and
\vas admitted in 1868. He then removed to
Rock Island, 111., and located for the practice of
his profession. He has been twice elected judge
of the courts of his count}'.
Hox. Lours E. Atkinsox was born in Dela-
ware township April 16, 1841 ; was educated in
the common schools and at Aiiy View and Milu-
wood Academies. He studied medicine and
graduated at the Medical Department of the
University of New York ^larch 4, 1861 ; en-
tered the medical department United States army
1861 ; served as assistant surgeon in the First
Pennsylvania Cavalry and surgeon of the One
Hundred and Eighth Pennsylvania Infantry,
and was mustered out December, 1865; was
disabled while in the army, and being unable to
practice medicine, studied law with Ezra D.
Parker, Esq.; was admitted in 1870 and has
l>racticed law very successfully since that time.
He was elected to the Forty-eighth and Forty-
ninth Congresses. Mr. Atkinson is a good law-
yer and has great faith in the hackneyed maxim,
"Nulla e.vcdlcnfin .smc labore." To untiring
labor and indefatigable industry he attributes
whatever success has crowned the effi:>rts of his
life.
Geouge a. Botdorf was admitted to the
Juniata bar September 4, 1871. He remained
but a short time in the county and now I'esides
at Freeburg, Snyder County, where he practices
his profession.
B. F. BuRc'iiFiELD was born in Milford town-
ship, and after preparatory training became a
student-at-law in the office of Edmund S. Doty,
and for a number of years has practiced his pro-
fession in Mifflin, ilr. Burchfield has served as
county surveyor for Juniata. He combines the
vocation of surveyor \vith that of attorney and
is an industrious and reliable lawyer.
Hon. Joseph M. McCetre was bom in
I'crry County ; was prepared for college at Tus-
carora Academy ; entered Yale College, from
a
which he graduated. He then entered the office
of Edmund S. Doty as a student-at-law ; was
admitted in Juniata County and then removed
to Harrisburg. He beciime assistant attorney
general of the commonwealth and now resides
at Bradford, Pa.
John T. Nourse was born in Mifflin County ;
was educated at Milroy and Tuscaroi-a .Vcade-
mies; admitted in the courts of Philadelphia
aud graduated from the Law Department of the
University of Pennsylvania in March, 1868;
admitted in Juniata County January, 1874. Mr.
Nourse is not now in active practice, but resides
on his farm in Spruce Hill township.
D. D. Stone was born in Norfolk, Va. ; edu
cated at Tuscarora Academy and Dickinson Col-
lege ; admitted to the bar in Norfolk, Va. ; re-
moved to Missouri, where he practiced some
time; came to Pennsylvania and was admitted
to the Juniata County bar in September, 1874.
Mr. Stone is a good scholar, forcible speaker
and well equipped for the practice.
John L. McGeehan was born in Perry
County, read law with Jeremiah Lyons, Esq.,
was admitted to the bar of Juniata County in
1874, then removed to California, abandoned
the profession of law and is now a Presb^'terian
minister in Altoona, Pa.
W. S. Wilson wa.s born at Academia, pre-
pared for college at Airy View Academy, entered
Princeton College, from which he graduated, then
read law with Alfred J. Patterson, was admitted
to the Juniata County bar aud immediatelv re-
moved to Pittsbiu'gh where he has become a suc-
cessful lawyer aud has now a large aud valuable
practice.
George Jacobs, Jr., was born in ^Mifflintown.
was prepared for college at Airy View Academv,
graduated from Princeton, read law with Ezra D.
Parker, Esq., graduated from the Albanv Law
School and located in Mifflintown. Mr. Jacobs
served a term as district attorney, is a vouug
mau of good mental powers aud an excelleut
speaker.
Herman H. North was born in Patteisou,
Juniata County, Pa., was prepared for college
at Airy View Academy, graduatetl from Prince-
ton College and Albany Law School, practiced
law for some time at IIuntin<i<lon, and now re-
cm
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA
sides at Bradford, where he practices his profes-
siou.
E. S. Doty, Jr., wa.s boru iu Miffliutowo,
prepared for college at Airy View Academy,
graduated from Lafayette College, and read law
with his father, the late Edmund S. Doty; was
admitted and practices at Mifflintown. He is
now serving a term as district attorney and is
well prepared for the duties of the profession.
AijJERT lioBisoN was born in Milford town-
shi]), prepared for college at Airy View Acad-
emy, graduated from Princeton College, read law
in tlie State of Illinois, and was admitted to the
Juniata County bar in 1876. He removed to
Denver, and practiced. He has since died.
Masox Irvine wa.s born in Mifflintown, was
educated at Airy View Academy, read law with
Ezra D. Parker, was admitted and practiced for
some time in Miffliut(3wn. He served a term as
district attorney. He has since removed to
Washington Territory, where he now resides and
practices.
Slater W. Allen was educated at the
common schools, read law with Ezra D. Parker,
and after his admission practiced for some time
in Mifflintown. He has since abandoned the
profession, and is now iu business for the Cam-
bria Iron Company.
Brodie I. Crawford wa.s born iu Mifflin-
town, was prepared for college at Airy View,
was graduated from Princeton College, then read
law with Alfred I. Patterson, and passed an
examination which reflected great credit upon
the student and disclosed his bright intellect.
For him the future was very bright, but in the
early morning of his young life he entered the
portals of the great unknown.
Jacob Beidler was educated at the common
scliools of Juniata, served a term as prothono-
tary, read law with Alfred J. Patterson, was
admitted and practiced until his death. May 20,
1885.
Ezra C. Doty was prepared for college iu
Mifflintown, graduated from Lafayette Col-
Ico-e, read law with his father, the late Edmund
S. Doty, also graduated at the Albany Law
School. Mr. Doty is not now in active prac-
tice.
J. Sargeant Ross received his education at
the common schools and Airy View Academy,
read law with Jeremiah Lyons, Esq., and after
admission settled in York, Pa., where he is suc-
ceeding in his profession.
George E. Yeager was educated at Airy
View Academy, and read law with Alfred J.
Patterson ; after his admission he went West, to
the State of Indiana, where he now practices.
J. Warren Plette was educated at the
common schools of Juniata, read law with At-
kinson & Jacobs, and after his admission located
in Mifflintown, whei-e he now practices.
F. M. M. Pennell was educated at the com
mon schools; also graduated at Millersville Nor-
mal School; read law with Atkinson & Jacobs^
and after his admission became a student at
Albany Law Scliool, where he is at present.
L. W^. Doty was prepared for college at Airy
View, and graduated at Lafayette College; he
then read law with his father, Edmund S. Doty,
and for some time practiced in Juniata. He then
removed to Philadelphia, where he remained
some time, and from thence removed to Greens-
burg, Westmoreland County, where he now re-
sides, having acquired a large practice.
The writer has visited quite a number of the
courts of the State, has seen their lawyers engaged
in their duties, and complimented their skill
and learning, and trusts that he will not be con-
sidered lacking in modesty should he say that
in the half-century of time which has come and
gone, Juniata has produced and trained her full
complement of lawyers, who have displayed
equal learning and evinced equal skill with those
of any other county in the commonwealth.
CHAPTEE IV.
MEDICAL HISTORY.
Sketches of PractUioQers— Early ami Late Homccopatliy.
The list of physicians which appears below
was compiled from the tax-list of Mifflin
County from 1767 to 1831, by A. L. Guss. Of
those mentioned. Dr. William Smith, whose
name is mentioned in 1767 as a non-resident of
Fermanagh township, had located land at Hart's
Log, Huntingdon County, then within the
limits of Fermanagh township. Dr. Joseph B.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
691
Arcl was a son of Joseph Ard, of Tuscarora
Valley ; began practice in Lewistown, Mifflin
County. A full account of him will be found
in the medical chapter of that county. Dr.
John Parshall, who is mentioned as owning
land in Greenwood township, in 1823-2.5, was
also in Perry County, and finally moved West.
It does not appear that he was ever a practi-
tioner of medicine in these counties.
Dr. James Galbreath, who was in Waterford
1829-31, moved to Perry County. A full ac-
count of his life will be found in the medical
chapter of that county.
Dr. William Watson was a sonof John Wat-
son, of MifBintown, and practiced medicine at
Lewistown. A sketch of him will be found in
the medical chapter of Mifflin County.
Of others not especially mentioned, no infor-
mation has been obtained.
[The letters M., F., T., L., and W. are initials
of the township in which they resided.]
.T. B. Aid m.). 1809, ' C. McCurdy (W.), 1829-
1817-31. 31.
J. Bryson (F.), 1807-12. M. McDonal (G.), 1812.
M. Cunningham (F.), W. Metland (M.), 1829.
1808-9. D. J.Magill (F.), 1828-29.
J. Crawford (F.), 1813-31. ' C. Montoor (F.), 1808-21.
David Crawford (F.), i W. Plunket (F.), 1769-
1811-31. j 82 (non-resident).
J. Christy (F.), 1830. ! J. Parshall (G.), 1823-2.5.
E. Doty (F.), 1793-1830. W. Rogers (M.), 1821-22.
T. Davis (G.), 1825-29. T. Rowland (F.), 1828.
W. Elder (F.), 1830-31. W. Smith (F.), 1707 (noii-
J. Frow (M.), 1817-20, resident).
F., 1822-31. I. W. Snowden (G.)^
.1. Galbraith (T.), 1829- : 1821-30.
31. G. Snowden (G.), 1822-
C. Hoft" ( L.), 1824. 31.
D. Hekker (F.), 1811-12. M. Shaller (F.), 1819-20
J. Harris (F.), 1820-22. M. Shellenberger (G.)'
P. Hamlin (F.), 182li-31. 1826.
R. Irwin (M.), 178.5-86. J. B. Smith (G.), 1814-16.
J. Auliman (G.), 1817. D. Snowden (G.), 1826-
( Jacob Alleman? I 29.
J. Kelly (T.), 1824; M., A. Taylor (F.), 1807-8.
18.30-31. W. Watson (F.), 1802-4.
T. Laughlin (L.), 1798- T. Whiteside (F.), 1828-
1804. 31.
Dr. Ezra Doty, a native of Sharou, Conn.,
was born July 7, 17G7, and studied medicine
with his father, Dr. Daniel Doty. About 1791
he journeyed westward on hoi-seback, and while
passing up the Juniata River, and stopping over
night at Mifflintown, newly laid ont,the people,
learning he was a physician, called him to at-
tend a sick person in the vicinity. He wa.s in-
vited to remain at the place and decided so to
do. He boarded soon after at the tavern (then
the Yellow House) for several years, and on
November 14, 1811, married Rebecca, the widow
of Daniel North, formerly a Miss Lewis. They
soon after moved to a farm now owned by ^Ir.
Sieber, and resided there for several years and
there their eldest children were born. Upon
his return to Mifflintown he lived in a log hou.se
on Water Street, in the rear of the Graybill
building. In 1823 he built a brick liou.se
on the site of the present Doty residence, where
he resided until his death. He was elected a
member of the State Senate in 1812-13, and
died in 1828. He had a large and extended
practice and wa.s highly esteemed. Two
brothers, Ro.swell and Southard, also physi-
cians, settled about 1802 in Lewistown.
Dr. John Bryson, a son of Judge Samuel
Bryson, was boi-u near Mifflintown, studied
medicine with Dr. Elzra Doty, began practice in
1807 and continued in his native town until
1812, when he removed to Pittsburgh and en-
gaged in a practice which he continued until
his death, a few years since.
The Crawford family ha.s been remarkably
prolific of physicians, no less than five adopt-
ing the profession. The ancestor of this family
of physicians of whom an account is here given
was James Crawford, who emigrated to this
country from Ireland and settled first in Lan-
caster County. About 1800 he removed, with
his family, to Lost Creek .settlement and located
on Big Run, in Fermanagh township, where he
died about 1824. Of his children, a son David
studied medicine wjth Dr. John Bryson, of
Mifflintown in 1808, and in 1810 began practice
in that place and remained one year and moved
to Aaronsburg, Centre County. After a vear's
practice in that place he returned to Mifflin-
town and resumed the practice, which he con-
tinued until his death, February 13, 1848 (aged
sixty-three years), with the exception of the year
1819, when he was in practice in Lewistown.
He married, first, Elizabeth, a daughter of Sam-
uel Davidson, of Fermanagh township, bv
692
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
whom he had two daughters, of whom Mrs.
Louisa Selheimer, of Lewistowu, is one. He
married, as a second wife, Margaret, a daughter
of Samuel Brown, of West Hanover, Dauphin
County, and whose wife was Rebecca Murray,
of the old Murray family. They had six chil-
dren, of whom two died in infancy. The others
were sons, who arrived at manhood, studied
medicine with their father and all became noted
as physicians. The oldest of these was Samuel
B., who was born June 7, 1817, and died July
23, 1878. He located for the practice of medi-
cine at McCoysville, Juniata County, in May,
1843, and continued to practice his profession
at that place with unusual skill and success
until a year previous to his death, when his
health failed. He was twice married. By his
first wife, Miss Maria Louisa Crawford, he had
two children, of whom James M. Crawford is
now living in Tuscarora township. By his second
wife. Miss Amanda Junk, he had four children
of whom the mother and three children are
living on the homestead.
The second son of Dr. David Oawford, E.
Darwin Crawford, was born in June, 1819,
and located for the practice of medicine in
Thompsontown, Juniata County, also in May,
1843, and continued to practice in that place
until 1857, when he moved to Mifflintown and
took the practice of his brother. Dr. James M.
Crawford, whose health had failed. He con-
tinued at that place until his death, which oc-
curred May 2, 1864. He was elected to the State
Senate in the fiill of 1859, and served in the
sessions of 1860, '61, '62. As a jahysician he was
deservedly held in high esteem, and wherever
known, as one of the ablest, most skillful and
successful practitioners of medicine and surgery.
He married Miss Pamelia J. Jackson, of Liver-
pool, by whom he had seven children, six of
whom, with their mother, are living.
Dr. James W. Crawford, the third son of
Dr. David Crawford, located in Miffliutow n for
practice immediately after his father's death, in
February, 1848, and continued actively and suc-
cessfully until his health failed, in the fall of 1857.
He gave up his practice to his brother. Dr. E.
Darwin Crawford, and went to Florida for his
health, and died there in 186J.
Dr. David M. Crawford, the youngest and
onlv survivor of the four brothers, was born in
Mifflintown, Pa., on the 30th of March, 1826.
He received a thorough English training at the
select schools of his native place and acquired a
knowledge of the classics during a three years'
course under Rev. John Hutchinson, an instruc-
tor of repute. He began the study of medicine
in his father's office and continued until the hit-
ter's death, in 1848, entering the Medical Uni-
versity of the City of New York the following-
fall, when he attended lectures during the ses-
sion of 1848-49. He at once began practice
in connection with his brother, E. Darwin Craw-
ford, in Thomjjsontowu, Juniata County, and
attended a second course of lectures during the
session of 1850-51, graduating in March of the
latter year. Choosing Millerstown, Perry
County, as a desirable field of location, he con-
tinued in active practice until 1864, when Mif-
flintown again became his home, as successor to
his brother, E. Darwin Crawford, who died the
same year. Here he has since enjoyed a career
of uninterrupted success as a practitioner. His
thorough training, skill in surgery and quick
perception as a diagnostician speedily enabled
him to take a leading place in the county, and
brought a correspondingly extended field of
labor. As a consulting physician his practice
extends far beyond the limits of the county of
his residence. He has been, since the date of
his location in Millerstown, surgeon of the
Pennsylvania Railroad, his territory extending
from Lewistowu to Millerstown. The doctor
has, as a Democrat, been active and influential
iu politics, both in his county and in adjacent
portions of the State. He was, in 1870, elected
to the State Senate by a very flattering majority,
and served with the sessions of 1871, '72, '73.
He was re-elected, during the centennial year of
1876, to the sessions of 1877, '78, '79, serving
during these periods on various important com-
mittees, among which were retrenchment and
reform, railroads, new counties and county-
seats, banks and banking. Federal relations,
pensions and gratuities. The doctor's religious
belief is in accord with the creed of the Presby-
terian Church, of which he and all his family
are members. Dr. Crawford was, on the 10th
JUNIATA COUNTY.
693
of May, 1853, married to Miss Ellen E., daugh-
ter of James and Eliza Jackman, of Liverpool,
Perry County. Their children are Rebecca
Murray, Anna Jane (deceased), Brodie Jackman
(deceased), James Woodburn, (deceased), Darwin
McLean, Martyn Payne, Edgar Druitt. The
death of Anna Jane occurred May 12, 1867 ;
that of James Woodburn August 28, 1867.
Brodie Jackman died on the 27th of July,
1863, aged twenty-seven years. He was educa-
fulness. Bright in intellect, well grounded in
the knowledge of law, with great urbanity of
manner and many genial qualities of heart, he-
was destined to high position and honor in his
profession, when he succumbed in the heroic
struggle for life. The bar of the county paid
fitting tributes to his memorj'and the loss they
had sustained in his death. Darwin McLean
began the study of medicine with his father, and
entered the University College of the City of
M09?, ^,e*^<^
ted at the select schools of Mifflintown and the
Airy View Academy, Port Royal, under Pro-
fessor David Wilson ; entered the sophomore
class of Princeton College at the age of sixteen
and graduated with honor three years later.
Deciding upon the law as a profession, he en-
tered the office of Alfred J. Patterson, Esq.,
of Mifflintown, and was admitted to the bar in
1881. While still in feeble health, he began
I)ractice in his native j)lace. His career, though
brief, was replete with the promise of future use-
New York, from which he will graduate in
1886. Martyn Payne has adopted the profes-
sion of a druggist, and Edg-ar Druitt is a stu-
dent in the Mifflintown High School.
Dr. JAjrES From-, a native of Fermanagh
township, studied medicine with Dr. Ezra Dotv,
and began practice in Mifflintown in 1817 and
continued until 1820, when he located for two
years in Thompsontown and returnetl to Mifflin-
town and continued until his death, which oc-
curred in April, 1865, agetl sixty-eight years.
694
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
His son, Thomas Frow, is a resident of Lewis-
town.
JoHX Harris, M.D., son of James Harris,
of Bellefonte, and grandson of John Harris, the
founder of Mifflintown, studied medicine in
Bellefonte. He practiced his profession in
Mifflintown in the years 1820, 1821, 1822, and
returned to Bellefonte, where he practiced many
years and removed to Philadelphia. Soon after
1865 he was appointed consul to Nice and
died while at that station, aged eighty-seven
years.
Dr. Isaac W. Snowdex was a practicing
physician in Thompsoutown from 1821 to 1830.
A fuller account will be found in medical chapter
of Perry County.
Dr. Johx Greex was also a practitioner at
Thompsoutown prior to 1835, and became a
Methodist minister. He was succeeded in his
practice by Dr. B. F. Fahnestock, who died in
1844.
Dr. Joseph Ke[.i.v was born in Milford
township, November 18, 1795. During his
youth he pursued a course of study in the class-
ical school taught by Rev. John Hutchison in
Mifflintown, distant three miles from his home.
He studied medicine with Dr. John Harris, of
Mifflintown, afterwards United States consul to
Venice. He graduated at the Medical Depart-
ment of the University of Pennsylvania Feb-
ruary 20, 1822. The following autumn he com-
menced the practice of medicine, and continued
in that work for thirty-seven years. His wife
was Annie B. Stewart, of Tuscarora Valley.
He bought a farm in Spruce Hill, where he made
his home for nearly forty years. His practice
covered the greater part of Tuscarora Valley,
and often extended into parts of Perry County
and Black Log A^alley. As a physician
he was greatly respected by the people, and
stood high in his profession. He was on the
most friendly terms with the other physicians
of the county, of whom were Drs. Frow and
Crawford, of Mifflintown. He was very tem-
perate in his habits, and when visiting patients
always traveled on horseback. Six young
men read medicine with him, — Samuel Floyd,
of Pittsburgh, N. E. Hackedorn, of Gallon,
Ohio ; J. P. Sterrett, of Pittsburgh ; James
Kelly, of Patterson ; E. E. Gilson and J. P.
Devor, of Texa.s — of whom only two are now
living. He enjoyed the practice of his pro-
fession, and responded to the calls of the rich
and jioor alike, often traveling at night many
miles distant in the most inclement weather. In
early life he united with the Lower Tuscarora
Presbyterian Church, of which Rev. John Coulter
was then the pastor. In this church he was a
ruling elder, and in its Sabbath-school and be-
nevolent work he was ever an interested and
diligent worker, and commanded his household
after him. He took an active interest in Tus-
carora Academy, and was from its organization
a trustee until near the time of his death. He
was an advocate of the temperance cause and in
full sympathy with his pastor in his efforts to
suppress the excessive use of intoxicating bever-
ages. He only ceased his j)ractice in medicine
when the infirmities of age prevented him from
giving his patients the care they needed. After
the death of his wife, which occurred May 16,
1870, he removed to Port Royal, where he died
May 26, 1877, in his eighty-second year, and
was interred at Academia. Juniata County has
not had another physician with a career so long
and so illustrious.
Dr. Thomas Whiteside began })ractice in
Harrisburg, and in 1825 purchased Oakland
Mills, and removed to that place and practiced
medicine in the vicinity until 1842, when he
moved to Millerstown, and died June 27, 1845.
Dr. Abirara Stees, his son-in-law, also practiced
in the vicinity and removed at the same time
with Dr. Whiteside.
Jerman Walker Beale, M.D., was born
in York Springs, Adams County, July 9, 1 802 ;
married Ann S. Laird ; studied medicine with
Dr. McConnell, in Lewistown ; graduated at
Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia ; prac-
ticed medicine in Port Royal for some years ;
then located in Lewistown, Pa., where he con-
tinued to practice his profession until 1847 or
1848, when he returned to Port Royal. He is
still living, at the age of four-score, but has
not been engaged in work for some years, on
account of age and debility.
Dr. Michael Shellenberger, a native of
the county, read medicine with Dr. Samuel
JUNIATA COUNTY.
695
Mealy, of Millerstown, and began practice in
Richfield in 1826, and continued about fifteen
years.
Dr. Philo Hamlin, a nephew of Dr. Ezra
Doty, was a native of Connecticut, horn in 1800.
He came to this region with his uncle, who was
east on a visit in the year 1815, and entered his
office as student of medicine. He graduated at
Jefferson Medical College in 1826, and upon
his uncle's death, in 1828, succeeded to his
practice, and continued actively engaged until
1866, when he retired from active work. He
was beloved by the community, and had the
esteem and confidence of the physicians of the
township, with whom he was often in consulta-
tion. He died in MifHintown June 28, 1879.
Dr. John M('CriJ.oijGH was a native of
Juniata County, and of the family of McCul-
lough, who were of the early settlers on the
west side of the river. He was born IVovember
15, 1806. He graduated at Jefferson College,
Cannonsburg, Pa. ; read medicine with Dr.
Joseph B. Ard, of Lewistown ; attended medical
lectures at the Medical Department of Pennsyl-
vania, and graduated in March, 1829. He
located first at McVeytown, later at Alexandria,
Huntingdon County, and a few years later at
Petersburg, where he remained in practice until
1852, when he was elected to Congress. At the
expiration of his term he removed to Hunting-
don, where his death occurred May 15, 1879.
Dr. William Elder began the study of
medicine with Dr. Thomas Whiteside, of Oak-
land Mills, about 1830, and practiced in MifHin-
town in 1831-32, and removed to Philadelphia.
He was the author of the " Life of Dr. E. K.
Kane," of Arctic fame, and several other works.
He died in 1885.
Dr. John Irwix was born in Union County,
Pa., in April, 1809. Hestudied medicine with Dr.
Tiiomas Van A^alzah, and graduated at the Med-
ical Department of the University of Pennsyl-
vania ; began practice in Millerstown about 1833 ;
continued in that about seven year.s, and in 18-40
retired to a farm near Thompsontown, where
he died March 14, 1853.
Dr. George I. Cuddy was born in Ire-
land. He studied medicine in Dublin. After
graduating he came to Philadelphia, where for
several years he pursued the business of a phy-
sician and druggist. In 1843 he located in Port
Royal and soon af"ter married Miss Priscilla
Gracy. He continued in aetive and successful
practice until the time of his death, which oc-
curred on October .30, 1855, aged thirty-eight
years.
Dr. Samuel Floyd studied nu'dicinc with
Dr. Joseph Kelly in 1843-44; graduated in
Philadelphia; commenced the practice of his
profession at Doyle's Mills, Juniata County,
where he remained some years, and then moved
to Pittsburgh, where he continued to work and
reside until his death, which occiu-red about
1878.
Dr. J. W. Peakoe studied medicine with Dr.
C. Ij. Weymer, then of Northumljerland Coun-
ty, began practice in Richfield, in 1844, and
continued in practice in that place until his
death, in 1879.
Dr. Lemuel Kinsloe was a practicing phy-
sician in Mexico from 1844 to about 1850,
when he moved West.
Dr. Hudson practiced also in Mexico from
1851 to 1860, and in the latter year removed to
Tennessee. He was succeeded by Dr. John
Appi>ebough, who remained a few years, i-e-
moved to Port Royal, where he practiced a year,
and located in Harrisburg. Dr. John Mc-
Keehan succeeded Dr. Applebongh and re-
mained in practice until 1876, when he was
succeeded by Dr. George Arnold, a student
of Dr. Hook, of Loysville. Dr. Arnold is still
in practice in Mexico.
Dr. Henry Har.shbarger was lioru in
Potter township, Centre County, February 18,
1818. He studied medicine with his brotlier, Dr.
Abraham Harshbarger, and from 1844 practiced
four years at McAlisterville. He then attend-
ed lectures and graduated at Jefferson Medical
College, after wiiieii he practiced several years
at Gratztown, Dauphin County. In the spring
of 1856, on the removal of his brother, Dr.
Abraham Harshbarger, from McAlisterville to
Port Royal, he removed to the former place,
began practice and continued until his deatli,
January 28, 1883.
Dr. Work Murphy was born in Lack
township; educated at Tuscaroni Academy; at-
696
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
tended a medical college in Philadelphia ; com-
menced the practice of medicine near Peru
Mills, but died from the effects of small-pox
about 1850.
Dr. Noah E. Hagkendorn studied med-
icine with Dr. Joseph Kelly about the years of
1845-4(3. He graduated in Philadelphia ; prac-
ticed his profession for several years, in Port
Royal, after which he removed to Graliou, Ohio,
where he still resides.
Dr. John P. Sterrett, son of Eobert and
Margaret (Patterson) Sterrett, was born in Mil-
ford township April 26, 1826. His wife was
Annie Kennedy, of Chester County. He was
educated at Tuscarora Academy, and studied
medicine under Dr. Joseph Kelly, of Spruce
Hill. In the fall of 1849 he opened an office
in Johnstown ; in the spring of 1850 removed
to Academia, where he practiced in his profes-
sion until 1875, when he removed to Port Royal,
where he practiced until the spring of 1879, when
he removed to Pittsburgh, where he continues in
the profession up to the presenttinie,enjoyiugan
enlarged practice. A man of fine appearance,
genial in manners, skilled in his profession,
he left the county regretted by many friends.
His brother, Judge James Sterrett, raised at the
same homestead and well-known for jiis attain-
ments in legal lore, also lives in Pittsburgh, oc-
cupying a .seat on the bench of the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania. They still own the
old homestead in Milford.
Dr. William Crofse was in practice in
Richfield from 1849 to 1851.
Dr. J. W. Wallis came to the same place
in 1850, and is still in practice.
Dr. A. A. Murray, of Centre Co., was also
in practice there, and remaitied about ten years.
Dr. J. B. Hoover, of Lancaster County,
about 1860 located in Richfield and remained
three years.
In 1872 J. W. Dechart studied medicine
with Dr. Stites, of Millerstowii, and in 187.3
graduated at a medical college in Cincinnati ;
settled in Richfield, and is still in practice.
Dr. C. L. Weyjier, for many years a prac-
titioner in Northumberland County, settled at
Richfield about 1855, and lived there uiitil his
death, a few years since.
Dr. Joseph P. Kirk, son of William and
brotherof James Kirk, the merchant, of Mifflin-
town, was a tailor by trade, but soon devoted
his attention to medicine. He traveled mucli
in his day, having, it is said, been seventeen
times to Cuba. He practiced medicine in Wat-
erford for a number of years, and died there in
1867.
Dr. George M. Graham was born in Tur-
bett township (now Spruce Hill), in Juniata
County, on the 21st of March, 1829. He was
reared on his father's farm until the spring of
1840, when, with his father and family, he moved
to Carlisle, Cumberland County. At the age of
eighteen he entered Tuscarora Academy, then
under the care and direction of Professor David
Wilson ; was for a time a .student of Dickinson
College; taught school for several terms; studied
medicine with Dr. John Armstrong, in Carlisle;
graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Phila-
delphia, in 1853; located at Port Royal, and
then associated himself, for the practice of med-
icine and surgery, with Dr. George I. Cuddy ;
remained in partnership with him until Octo-
ber .30, 1855 ; was married to Rebecca J.
Kelly on June 1, 1854; has continued to
practice his profession to the present time, hav-
ing his residence in Port Royal.
Dr. James Kelly was born in Milford
township, Juniata County, Pa., in 1826. He
pursued his studies at Tuscarora Academy ;
studied medicine with his uncle, Dr. Joseph
Kelly ; jiracticed for a time at Jolmstown,
in Juniata County; then sjient some years in
California, and on his return, in 1853, located
in Patterson, where he continued to practice his
profession until the time of his death, which oc-
curred about 1859 or 1860.
Dr. Peter L. GREENLEAPwas born in Lan-
caster County March 25, 1830; studied medicine
with Dr. E. Darwin Crawford, of Thompson-
town ; attended lectures at the Medical Depart-
ment of the University of New York, from
which institution he graduated in March, 1S54,
and at once entered into partncrsliip ^^■itll his
preceptor. Dr. Crawford, and upon tlic removal
of the latter to Mifflintown, in 1857, came to Jiis
practice, and continued until his death, October
2, 1876. He was a close student, and a man of
JUNIATA COUNTY.
697
fine medical acquirements, and enjoyed a prac-
tice beyond the ordinary field of a physician.
Dr. a. J. Fisher studied medicine witli Dr.
Thomas Van Valzah, in Lewisburgh ; graduated
in Medical College, and began practice in IMc-
Alisterville in 1857, and still continues.
Dr. Seth F. Myers, a native of Fermanagh
township, studied medicine ■with Dr. Beuuey, of
Boalsburg, Centre County, and Dr. Baldwin, of
Shirleysburg; attended lectures two years at the
]\Iedical University of New York, and one year
at Pennsylvania Medical College. He gradu-
ated in March, 1857, and settled in South Bend,
Ind. In 1861 he was appointed assistant surgeon
in United States navy, and surgeon, IMai'ch 23,
1862, of the Seventy-third Regiment Indiana
Volunteers, and surgeon of the Post Hospital,
Nashville, Tenu. After the war he returned to
South Bend, and in 1867 moved to Philadel-
phia, and resided there until 1884, when,
broken' down in health, he moved to McAlis-
terv^ille, where he now resides.
Dr. Louls E. Atkinson, a native of "Walker
township, Juniata County, studied medicine
with Dr. P. L. Greenleaf, of Thompsontown,
attended lectures at the Medical Department of
the Univei'sity of the City of New York, and
graduated from that institution in March, 1861.
He enlisted in the army as assistant surgeon of
the First Pennsylvania Cavaliy, and later be-
came surgeon. On his retirement from the ser-
vice he studied law, was admitted to the bar of
Miffiin County, and is now in practice at Mifflin.
He is at the present time (1885) the Represen-
tative to Congress from this district.
Dr. Lucien Banks is a native of Fer-
managh township, sou of David and grandson
of Andrew Banks. He was born May 13,
1841, and after attending the public schools
of the township he became a student at
Tnscarora Academy, at Aeademia. He studied
medicine with Dr. David M. Crawford, Mif-
flin; attended lectures at the Medical De-
pai'tment of the University of Pennsylvania,
and graduated in March, 1867. He began his
professional career in Mifflintown, where he now
enjovs an extensive and lucrative practice. He
was chosen one of the surgeons of that section of
the Middle Division of the Pcunsvlvania Rail-
road extending from Newport to Lewistown,
entailing a large amount of responsible work in
surgery, tiiere being a hospital at Mifflintown.
He represented his district in the Legislature in
the session of 1879-80.
Dr. Thomas A. Elder was born at Mifflin-
town March 9, 1843. He was educated in the
common schools and private schools of the vicin-
ity, the Tnscarora Academy, at Aeademia, and
the Pennsylvania Agricultural College, Centre
County, Pa. He enlisted, while a student, fi)r
the emergency of 1863, and served during the
continuance of the Rebellion, after which he
went to Minneapolis, Minn., and studied medi-
cine with Dr. Alfred G. Ames, attended lectures
at the Rush Medical College in the winter
sessions of 1866-67 and 1867-68, and graduated
in February of the latter year. He returned to
his native place and began the practice of medi-
cine, which continued three years, when he
attended lectures at Bellevue Hospital Medical
College of New York, from which he received
a degree March 1, 1872. He i-esumed practice
at Mifflintown, and continued until January,
1884, when he attended lectures three months
at the New York Polyclinic, and in September,
1884, removed to Aurora, 111., where he now
resides and is in practice.
Dr. Isaac N. Grubb was born August 25,
1840, in Wild Cat Valley, Perry County. He
studied medicine with Dr. P. L. Greenleaf
from 1866 to 1869 ; attended lectures at the
Medical Department of the University of New
York and graduated iu March, 1869. He be-
gan practice in Tiiompsontown and succeeded to
the practice of his preceptor, which he still
continues.
Dr. Oliver H. McAlister, son of Hugh
McAlister, of McAlisterville, was born in Oc-
tober, 1832; studied medicine in Philadelphia,
and graduated in that city March 14, 1871.
He settled iu his native town and followed his
profession until his death, February 15, 1883.
Dr. "William Kopp Tritle Sahm, son of
Rev. Peter and Susan (Tritle) Sahm, was born
in Johnstown, Cambria Couuty, June 10, 1850.
His fatJier was descended from a German
family that settled in Lancaster County at an
earlv date ; he became a minister in the Lnth-
698
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
eran Church, was recognized as a preacher of
great ability, and had conferred upon him the
degree of Doctor of Divinity. J. T. L. Salim,
district attorney of Juniata County, 1866-69,
and later, for a time, partner of Ezra D. Par-
ker, in the legal profession, was his oldest sou.
The subject of this sketch took a preparatory
course at Selinsgrove, then entered Pennsylva-
nia College, at Gettysburg, from wliich he
graduated in 1872. He read medicine with
Dr. S. W. Bird, of New Berlin, and graduated
at Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelj^hia,
in March, 1877. After practicing a few months
with Dr. B. P. Hooke, at Loysville, he re-
moved, in April, 1878, to McCoysville, where
he entered into partnership with Dr. Samuel B.
Crawford. This partnership was terminated by
the death of Dr. Crawford, in July of that
year. Since then Dr. Sahm has continued
alone in this large field, occupying the place
made vacant by his able and lamented prede-
cessor.
Dr. David L. Allen, son of Isaac Allen,
of Miffliutown, was born in Walker township ;
raised in Milford ; read medicine with Dr.
L. Banks ; graduated at the New York Belle-
vue Hospital Medical College, and practiced
his profession at Academia for six years, com-
mencing in 1874. Hoping to recover his fail-
ing health, he removed to Shenandoah, Iowa,
where he at once took a high rank in his pro-
fession, but soon died a victim of consumption.
Dr. a. W. Shelly, son of Henry and
Catharine (Gingrich) Shelly, was born near
East Salem, July 26, 1850. His wife was
Annie M. Herr, of Mexico. He was educated
at Bloomsburg State Normal School, in Colum-
bia County, and read medicine with Dr. H. R.
Kelly, of Gallon, Ohio. He graduated at
Bellevuc Hospital Medical College, New York,
and commenced the practice of medicine in
Port Royal, Pa., in April, 1874, in partnership
with Dr. G. M. Graham for two years. In
March, 1876, he commenced the practice of his
profession in Harrisburg, but after remaining
there seven months, he returned to Port Royal,
where he has been in jjractice up to this date.
Dr. R. M. Quig, son of Dr. F. W. and E.
A. Quig, was born at Catasauqna, Ijehigh
County. He was educated at the Grammar
and High Schools of Catasauqna ; graduated at
Jefferson Medical College, in Philadelphia, in
1875. He practiced medicine with his father
in Catasauqna; removed to East Waterford,
where, in 1883, he married Belle, daughter of
A. J. Ferguson, and has been in active practice
there to this date.
Dr. Jacob L. Sandoe, a native of Mifflin-
town, was born May 8, 1855 ; studied medicine
with Dr. Lucian Banks, attended medical lec-
tures at the University of Pennsylvania, and
graduated in March, 1878. He began practice
in Mifflintown and, after a few years with Dr.
Banks, opened a drug-store, taking the principal
charge, and still continues.
Dr. James C. Heading, son of William M.
and Mary J. Heading, was born in Allenville,
Mifflin County, February 10, 1859. He 're-
ceived his education in the Allenville schools ;
read medicine with Dr. J. G. Lightner, of Allen-
ville, 1879-81; graduated in 1882 at the College
of Physicians and Surgeons, at Baltimore, Md.
He commenced the practice of medicine on
April 3, 1882, at Johnstown (Walnut), Juniata
County, and has remained there ever since.
Dr. Samuel A. Suloff, son of Henry and
Elizabeth (Aughey) Suloff, was born in Fer-
managh township, September 12, 1857. His
youth was spent at the mountain home farm of
his parents, Mho gave him the best training and
education they could afford, receiving his educa-
tion partly at Chicago, 111. He commenced to
read medicine with Dr. Thomas A. Elder, of
Mifflintown, in January, 1878, and graduated
in the Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary in Feb-
ruary 1881 ; on February 22, 1882, he grad-
uated at Rush Medical Collegq, in Chicago,
and opened an office in Newport, Perry County,
where he practiced medicine one year. He
then removed to Patterson borough, where he
has continued the practice of his profession to
this date.
Dr. J. C. Weidman was born at Oakland
Mills in 1860, and studied medicine with Dr.
A. J. Fisher, of McAlisterville, and graduated
at Jefferson Medical College in 1882. He be-
gan practice at McAlisterville and still continues
there.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
699
HOMEOPATHY.
The first physician of this scliool wlio prac-
ticed in the county was Dr. Reixhold, who
settled at Mifflin and practiced there a few
years.
Dr. Frederick Long, a native of Hesse
Darmstadt, graduated as an allojiatliic physi-
cian in Germany, and upon his arrival in this
country entei'cd the Homojopatliic College in
Philadelpiiia, where he graduated, and in 1855
settled in Thompsontown, where he practiced
until 1877, when he removed to Reading, and
later to Harrisburg, where he died.
Dr. William Smith and Dr. B. F. Book,
the latter a native of ]\Iifflin, graduated at the
Hahnemann Medical College, in Philadelphia, in
March, 1883, and settled in ]\IifBin, where they
remained until ]\Iarch, 1884, when they removed
to Lewistown, \Ahere they are now in practice.
Dr. L'ewis p. Willig, a 'native of Chester
County, studied medicine with Dr. J. W. Pratt,
of Coatesville, and graduated at the Hahnemann
Medical College of Philadelphia in March,
1883, and began the practice of medicine in
Coatesville. In March, 1884, he came to Mif-
flin and succeeded to the practice of Dr. B. F.
Book, who removed to Lewistown.
CHAPTER V.
county societies—agricultural graxges—
veterans' associations.
Juniata County Agricultural Society.
— This organization may be regai'ded as having
its headquarters at Port Royal. It was organ-
ized February 26, 1852 — President, Hon. John
Beale ; treasurer, John P. Shitz ; secretary,
Lewis Bnrchfield. It held fliirs alternately at
Pcrryviile and Mifflintown, on grounds tempo-
rarily rented for the purjjose. Finally it was
incorporated, December 10, 1859, by the Court.
It now entered on a new and enlarged career.
Juno 5, 18(50, three acres and sixty-two perches
were l)ought in Perryville for six hundred and
seventy-seven dollars and fifty cents, and to this
were added, January 6, 1871, six acres and one
hundred and thirty-nine perches, costing two
thousand three hundred and ninety-two dollars
and fifty cents. The buildings erected on these
grounds have cost over one thousand dollars.
At the time of incorporation the officers were :
president, Hugh Hamilton ; vice-presidents,
George McCulloch, Abram Harshbarger, Jerome
N. Thompson ; secretary, John R. Linn ; ex-
ecutive committee, James Gilliford, George W.
Jacobs, James North ; treasurer, Lewis Burch-
field ; librarian, Wiliam Hench ; corresponding
secretary, Noah Hertzler ; committee on by-
laws, Joseph Rothrock, E. S. Doty, G. W.
Strouse. Annual fairs have been held here in
October ever since.
RivERiSiDE Park and Agricultural As-
sociation.— This society, which belongs more
particulai'ly to Mifflintown and its vicinity than
to the county of Juniata, had its origin in a
meeting held at the Patterson House, Patterson
borough. May 13, 1874, at which, however, only
a temporary organization was eifected. A com-
mittee was appointed to solicit stock subscrip-
tions, and shares were fixed at ten dollars each.
At a meeting held the next day, the committee
reported that one hundred and forty shares had
been taken. On May 20th the society was regu-
larly organized by the election of officers, —
James McKnight, president; Lucien Banks and
Banks Wilson, vice-presidents ; T. Van Irwin,
treasurer ; R. McJNIeeu, secretary ; and seven
directors. At a meeting on the 21st of May
the dii'ectors were ordered to lease ground and
let a contract for the erection of proper build-
ings for fairs, and to grade a track. About
fourteen acres of ground were leased of Mr.
Ezra S. Parker, about half a mile below Miffiin-
town, a half-mile track graded and feucetl, and
commodious buildings erected. The first exhi-
bition was held September 23, 24 and 25, 1874.
The receipts from all sources were three thou-
sand eight hundred and fifty-one dollars and
eighty-six cents. Expenditures in that year
were three thousand eight hundred and thirty-
one dollars and seventy-four cents. Faii-s were
lield in succeeding years, until 1883, in Septem-
ber, and in that year, which was the last, it was
held in October. The presidents of the society
have been James McKnight, James North,
700
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Ezra S. Parker, A. G. B:)iisall, Lucien Bauks
and Samuel Myers ; secretaries, Robert Mc-
Meen, Samuel B. Loudon, Edmund S. Doty,
Jr., and A. G. Bonsall ; treasurers, T. Van
Irwin and A. G. Bonsall. The association gave
up the grounds and held no fairs after 1883.
Granges. — Following is a list of the granges
in Juniata County, with lists of the first officers
and number of members in each :
Spruce Hill Grange, No. 772, organized Oc-
tober 2, 1883. John D. Milliken, Master;
Christian Yoder, Secretary ; AV^ P. Graham,
Treasurer. Number of members at time of
organization, twenty-eight ; number at pi-esent
date, sixty. Place of meeting, Pleasant View.
Milford Grange, No. 773, organized October
16, 1883. William B. McCahan, Master; W.
N. Sterrett, Secretary; J. T. Sterrett, Treas-
urer. Number of members at time of organ-
ization, twenty-seven ; number at present date,
sixty-eight. Place of meeting, Locust Grove.
Tascarora Grange, No. 774, organized Octo-
ber 21, 1883. James H. Junk, Master; J.
Crawford, Secretary; Samuel Louden, Treas-
urer. Number of members at organization,
twenty-two ; number at present date, forty-one.
Place of meeting, Honey Grove.
Walnut Grange, No. 776, organized Febru-
ary 6, 1884. D. B. McWilliams, Master;
John McWilliams, Secretary; J. Miuium, Treas-
urer. Number of members at time of organ-
ization, seventeen ; number at present date,
fortj'-four. Place of meeting, St. Paul.
Lost Creek Grange, No. 780, organized
April 2, 1884. W. H. Knouse, Master; Lewis
Dagen, Secretary and Treasurer. Number of
members at date of organization, twenty-five ;
number at present date, forty-eight. Place of
meeting, Cocolamus.
Turbett Grange, No. 781, organized April 3,
1884. David Robison, Master; Byron Shu-
man, Secretary. Number of members at date
of organization, twenty- three ; number at pres-
ent date, fifty. Place of meeting. Port Royal.
Walker Grange, No. 786, organized May 26,
1884. Luke Davis, Master; Michael Seiber,
Secretary. Number of members at date of or-
ganization, eighteen ; number at present date,
fifty-six. Place of meeting, Mexico.
Fermanagh Grange, No. 787, organized May
27, 1884. H. A. Stambaugh, Master; Wel-
lington Smith, Secretary. Number of members
at date of organization, twenty-three; number
at present date, fifty- eight. Place of meeting,
MifBintown.
A County Grange was organized, August 6,
1885, at Port Royal, with twenty-one charter
members, and the following officers were elected :
W. B. McMahan, Master; W. H. Knouse,
Secretary ; John D. Milliken, Treasurer.
Veterans' Reunion Association. — A
meeting of honorably discharged soldiers was
held at Mifflintown, October 19, 1878, for
the purpose of forming a permanent association
in Juniata County. Colonel John K. Robin-
son was chosen president, E. W. H. Kreider
and T. D. Garman, secretaries. A committee
of two was appointed from each township to re-
ceive the names of soldiers and the organiza-
tions to which they belonged. A committee on
permanent organization was appointed, who were
to report at an adjourned meeting, Oct. 30th. At
this adjourned meeting the report of the commit-
tee was read and adopted. The officers elected
were as follows: President, Major L. E. Atkin-
son ; Vice-Presidents, Colonel John K. Patter-
.son. Sergeant S. S. Wilson; Secretary, Lewis
Degan; Corresponding Secretary, T. D. Gar-
man.
The first reunion of the association was iield
December 18, 1878, in the court house at Mif-
flintown, and reunions have been held in Sep-
tember in each year since.
The following persons have been presidents
and secretaries:
1878. — Major L. E. Atkinson, president; Captain
Lewis Degan, secretary.
1879. — Captain H. H. Wilson, president; Dr.
Thomas A. Elder, seiTetary.
1880. — Dr. Isaac N. Grubb, president ; Dr. Thomas
A. Elder, secretary.
1881. — Captain James J. Patterson, president; T.
D. Garman, secretary.
1882.— Major L. E. Atkinson, president ; E. W. H.
Kreider, secretary.
1883.— H. H. Snyder, president; William A. Alli-
son, secretary.
1844. — James A. Milliken, president; John T.
Nourse, secretary.
1885.— G. H. BurchBeld, president ; John T. Nourse,
secretary.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
701
CHAPTER VI.
BOROUGH OF MIFFLINTOW>f.
Settlement of the Locality. — The bor-
ough of Mifflintown lies on the east bank of the
Juniata River, forty-nine miles from Harris-
burg and on the line of the Pennsylvania
Railroad. The laud on which it was laid out
was taken out on a warrant, bearing date Sep-
tember 8, 1 755, by Alexander Lafferty. It was
surveyed by Joliu Armstrong, deputy surveyor,
and contained 275| acres, with six per cent,
allowance. It wa.s re-surveyed and returned to
the Ijand-Officc by William Maclay, deputy sur-
veyor, April 2, 176(j, and was named in the
return " Content." At this time the lands ad-
joining were owned by Francis West on the
south, William Curran and William McCoy on
the east, and John Reed on the north, and the
tract was bounded by the Juniata River on the
west.
The island in the river was warranted by
Lafferty, and contained ninety-nine acres when
patented by William Maclay, November 15,
1772. It passed to John Harris in 1774 with
the purchase of the main land, and was left by
him to his son William, and was sold by James
Harris, executor, to William Bell, May 15,
18l;3. It is not embraced iu the original limits
of Fermanagh township and it is evident that it
originally belonged to Milford. No information
is obtained as to when it became a part of Fer-
managh, but within the memory of the oldest
persons now living the residents of the island
have always voted in Fermanagh.
That Alexander Lafferty was a resident upon
his land is shown by the fact that on the 25th
of March, 17G3, he was elected a viewer of
ferries of Fermanagh township. It is evident
that at this time there were ferries on the river,
and probably John IMcCIelland, who owned a
large tract of land on the west bank of the
Juniata River, and who, it is known, -was in
possession of a ferry a few years later, was run-
ning one at this time.
On the 31st of January, 17()7, Lafferty sold
the tract to John Cox, who, on the 7th of
March following, sold it to William Maclay.
It was confirmed to him on the 10th of the
month and released of all quit-rents by the pay-
ment of forty-two pounds. William Maclay was
the deputy surveyor acting in this .section, and
in 1767 was assessed on three hundred acres,
with twenty acres cleared and one hundred
acres unseated land. In 1768 he is mentioned
as having two hundred and seventy five acres
and one horse, and in 1760, the land, a horse,
a cow and a servant. It has been repeatedly
stated that William Maclay never lived on this
land, but resided in the Buffalo Valley, where
his later years were passed ; but this entry proves
that he was a resident on the Harris plantation.
His name disapjjears from the roll in 1771.
He was appointed a justice of the peace of Fer-
managh township on May 21, 1 770, and after his
settlement in what is now Union County was
United States Senator.
Tiiis tract of land he retained until the 2d
of September, 1774, when he sold it to John
Harris for twelve hundred pounds. John Har-
ris was a native of Donegal, Ireland, where he
was born in 1723, and, with his wife Jean and
brother James (older), came to this country.
Upon this tract a log house had been built on
the lot on the south side of the ravine, at the
intersection of Cedar Spring road and Water
Street. In time, additions were made by the
erection of two others adjoining, making a large
log house.
In 1775 the Rev. Philiji Fithian, traveling
through this region of country, came down the
Licking Creek Valley and crossed the ford op-
posite John Harris' place, at whose house he
stopped. He describes it as being elegant and
the windows in the parlor as containing each
twenty-four large lights of glass.
Soon after the settlement of John Harris in
this county he began to take a prominent part
in its affairs, and was at a meeting of the free-
holders at Carlisle, July 12, 1774, when they
were gathered to express their sympathv for
Boston, which city Crreat Britain was then op-
pressing with the infamous stamp-tax. Resolu-
tions were passed, and John Harris was one of
thirteen delegates elected to carry out the objects
of the resolution. On the 18th of June, 1775,
he, with Hugh McCormick and six others, as
702
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
deputies, represented Cumberland County at the
Provincial Conference, which resolved that a
convention be called for the express purpose of
forming a new government. The election for
delegates was held July 8, 1776, and eight men
were elected from Cumberland County, and the
name of John Harris headed the list. He was
chosen sub-lieutenant of the county March 12,
1777, and on November 9th following, was elect-
ed as representative in the Assembly. On Febru-
ary 6, 1 779, he was commissioned a justice of
the peace, which position he held until his death,
in 1794. He was also a member ofthe Assembly
March 1, 1780, when the act was passed for
the gradual abolition of slavery in this State.
When the erection of Mifflin County was
agitated, in 1788, meetings of inhabitants
were held and delegates were appointed
who agreed to abide by the decisions of
three disinterested persons upon whom they
agreed. These persons selected the plantation
of John Harris as the proposed county-seat.
It did not meet with the approval of the inhab-
itants above the Narrows, and measures were
taken by them to defeat its accomplishment, in
which they succeeded by the act of September,
1789. Before the final location of a county-seat
John Harris, in 1790, laid out a town upon his
plantation and named it Mifflintown, in honor
of Governor Thomas Mifflin. The public
square now occupied by the court-house in
Mifflintown was set apart by him for public use.
The idea of the location of the county-seat of
Mifflin County at the place was not given up
until after 1800.
John Harris died February 24, 1794, about
seventy-one years of age, leaving his wife Jean,
who survived him until 1807, when she died,
aged eighty-thi'ee years. They are buried in
the old grave-yard which he had donated to the
town.
John Harris was twice married — first, to
Jane Poer, who died childless, and, second, to
Jane Harris, a cousin, by whom he had children
named Jane, James, William, Grizelle, Margaret
and Ann. Jane, the eldest, married James Pat-
terson, son of Capt. James Patterson, who settled
at Mexico in 1755.
James, the eldest son, was one of the earliest
settlers in Bellefonte. His daughter married
the Rev. James Linn, and the family are prom-
inent in that section of the county. James
Harris was the administrator of his father's
estate and managed the sale of the lands about
1809. William Harris was a surveyor, and
assisted his Uncle James, also a surveyor.
Their names are both found on early surveys.
He died in 1807, aged forty-eight years.
Grizelle, one of the elder daughters of Mr.
Harris, became the wife of James Knox, who
settled in the new town and lived at the home-
stead. He built a log store on the site of the
brick house now owned by Thomas Parker,
which he built a short time before his death,
which occurred in 1819, at the age of fifty-six
years. His wife survived him until 1831.
Tliey had two sons — Thomas, who moved to
Tennessee and became a lawyer, and John, who
was a physician, and settled and died in Hoge-
town, Cumberland County. They had three
daughters — Jane, Maria and Hannah. Jane
became the wife of Joseph Cummings, and
settled in Mifflintown until about 1834, when
they moved to Sydney, Ohio, where Mrs. Cum-
mings still resides. Maria and Hannah also
moved to that place.
Margaretta, also a daughter of John Harris,
married John Stewart, of Tiiscarora Valley,
where they settled.
Ann, a daughter of John Harris, became the
wife of Samuel Bryson. He came from Frank-
lin County, where he was a merchant. He was
elected a lieutenant March 20, 1777, and served
in the Second Regiment Pennsylvania Line,
under Colonel Hampton, and was a member of
the Society ofthe Cincinnati. He married Ann
Harris, moved to this place and opened a store
in a small log house about three-quarters of a
mile above the residence of John Harris — about
where the canal lock-house now stands. Later
he built the stone house in the village now
owned by George Smith, and opened a store in
a log building on the present site of Sandoe's
block. He also owned a farm and distillery on
Lost Creek, about four miles from Mifflintown,
now owned by John Sieber and Abram
Books.
Bryson was appointed a county lieutenant.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
703
and as siieh refused to commission two colonels
elected by the regiments. It was this action
that caused the disturbance when he was appoint-
ed associate judge of Mitflin,iu 1791. The peo-
jilc were mucii incensed, and marched to Lewis-
town, determined to force him to resign, which
effort, however, did not succeed. He died De-
cember 19, 1799, aged forty-eight years. His
children M'ere John, James, Samuel, Sarah,
Jane and Mary. John became a physician,
practiced in Mifflin for a time, and settled in
Pittsburgh, where he died. James lived in Mif-
flintown, and was a farmer. Samuel studied
divinity, and died young. Sarah became the
wife of William Bell, who was a native of Tus-
carora Valley, and in 1804 opened a store at
Henderson's (Old Port Royal). In 1807 he
came to Mifflintown and built a log store'on
the corner of Main aud Bridge Streets, where
Belford Block now is. He was sheriff of Mif-
flin County from 1806 to 1809, after which he
purchased the island and settled upon it, and
died there September 1, 1821, aged forty-six
years. His wife died in 1839. Their children
were Jane (Mrs. Dr. John Irwin), William Bell,
both of ^lifflintown, and Margarette (Mrs. J. D.
Sharon), of Springfield, Ohio.
The old Harris homestead was occupied
many years, and in 1829 by David Suloff. It
later went to ruin, and in 186G was torn down
by Jacob Suloff.
After the death of Mr. Harris, in 1794, the
estate was divided. The homestead and west
part of the iarm passed to James Knox,
the east part to James Harris, who was executor
of his father's estate. He sold two hundred and
fifteen acres of the east part of the tract, on the
Ifith of August, 1806, to James Burd, and soon
after moved to Bellefonte. One hundred and
ninety-four acres of this tract passed from James
Burd to his sons, Edward and Allen, April 17,
1826. In 1841 it passed to Jonas Kauffmau,
Andrew Parker and Dr. Philo Hamlin. In
1809 several lots of the yillage plat were sold
and built upon.
About 1790 Ezra Doty, a young physician, a
native of Sharon, Conn., made a tour through
Pennsylvania. Stopping over-night at this place
— where then lived Jno. Harris, Saml. Brvson,
James Knox aud others — he, being a physician,
was called upon to attend some one in the neigh-
borhood who was taken suddenly ill. His labors
were successfully rewarded by the recovery of
his patient. He was invited to remain in the set-
tlement, and did so, and finally made it his
home.
In 1810 Mrs. Cottle kept the Yellow House,
and in 1813 it was occupied by Joseph Fetter-
man, under whose occupancy it was destroyed
by fire, and his daughter and step-daughter
^\ere burned to death.
The Rev. John Hutcheson, who was called as
pastor of Mifflintown and Lost Creek Presbyte-
rian Church in the summer of 1805, moved to
Mifflintown, and lived in the house on Main
Street, still standing. He began teaching the
first year of his residence. He continued his
classical teaching till about 1837.
lu the year 1795 Thomas Gallagher erected
a stone bridge across the ravine on Front Street,
the abutments of which are partly standing.
He recited in 1802, before the grand jury of j\Iif-
fliu County, that iu that year he undertook to
build the bridge at ^Mifflintown ; that a subscrip-
tion was taken up, and on completion of the
bridge, he found, by reason of the insolvency of
some and the moving away of other subscribers,
that the amount collected would not reach the cost
by one hundred dollars, and asked the court to
relieve him. The graud jury, after considering
the case, recommended the court to grant the
amount, which was done.
In 1812 Fielding Alford aud John Murphy
advertised that they had established a boot and
shoe-factory at the upper end of this bridge.
Close & Ziegler were conducting business in
the village at this time; James Knox had a
store on the Thomas Parker lot ; Benjamin Law
came to the village about 1799, and he also be-
gan a store ou the site of ]Mr. Harlcy's present
store, which he continued for forty yeai-s. In
1815 J. & D. W. Aitkens were keeping a store
below " Patton's tavern," and kept for several
vears after. Two stone residences were erected
on what is now ]Main Street (Second) very early
in the history of the town. One was occupied
by James Kinkaid, watch-maker, and is still
standing; the other by John Johnston, at the
704
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
south end of the village. The latter was de-
stroyed by fire years ago.
In the winter of 1794 Jacob Wright, a tanner
of Chambersburg, came to Mifflintown, and
bought a town lot at the south end of Main
Street, on the run. He contracted with a man
living here to put up for him on the lot a log
house, and returned to his home; and in the
spring of the year came to the place with his
wife and son John, then two or three years old,
and moved into the new house, and at once
opened a tan-yard, which he enlarged from time
to time, and did an extensive business. About
1820 he transferred the business to his son John,
who continued it until about 1860, wheu it was
abandoned. Jacob Wright died in 1841, aged
seventy-six years. He left a daughter Christina,
who became the wife of Eobert C. Gallagher,
who, about 1824, opened a store on the corner of
Main and Bridge Streets, and a warehouse later
on the canal. Not far from 1840, Samuel Ho-
man assuined the store business; the property
remained in the hands of Gallagher until sold
to Joseph Belford, who built the present Belford
Block. Catharine, another daughter of Jacob
Wright, became the wife of Jacob Sigler, who
for many years kept a taveru in the jjlace.
Jacob Wright, son of George Wright, was
born at Chambersburg, Franklin County,
Pa., and died at Mifflintown March 8,1840,
aged seventy-six years. His wife, Chris-
tine, was the daughter of Henry Humberger, a
native of Germany, who came to Chambersburg
with his mother and otherchildren when young.
She died in 1813, aged forty years. In 1792
Jacob Wright came to Mifflintown and built a
log house, and the next year removed his fam-
ily, consisting of his wife and only child, John.
He very soon thereafter erected a tannery on a
little run or creek at the east end of the place,
which he enlarged as business increased-, and
was therefore not only a pioneer, but one of the
first to establish a manufacturing interest at
Mifflintown. He assisted in erecting the first
Lutheran Church, and both him.self and wife
were zealously identified with that church until
their death. Their children are as follows :
John, subject of this sketch ; Susan, died at the
age of forty-nine years in 1814; Catherine, wife
of Jacob Zeigler, an early hotel-keeper of Mif-
flintown ; and Sevilla Christine, born October
6, 1799, widow of the late Robert C. Gallaher,
a merchant of Mifflintown, who died April 1,
1872, aged seventy-five years. Mrs. Gallaher
was living in 1885, and furnished many of the
facts narrated in this sketch.
John Wright was born March 3, 1792, in
Strasburg, Pa., and died June 6, 1878,
at Mifflintown, at which latter place he
spent his entire life except one year. He had
no opportunity for an education from books,
and only obtained six months' schooling during
his boyhood. He, however, acquired a prac-
tical education, and early in life learned, through
necessity, self-reliance, which, with his indus-
trious habits and judicious management, in after-
years, gave him a place among the thorough-
going business men of the county. His purpose
in life seemed to be to succeed in every under-
taking, to fulfill the full duties of the citizen,
and through the church, of which he was a life-
long member, to firmly establish and propagate
the principles of Christianity. His interest in
every enterprise calculated to advance the wel-
fare of Mifflintown and the surrounding coun-
try was noticeable, and he probably did as much
as anj^ other man in contributing to build up
the place and give it its present thrifty pros-
pects. He avoided, rather than sought, political
preferment, was honorable in his business rela-
tions, sociable, genial and esteemed by all who
knew him. At the age of eighteen he took
charge of his father's tannery and other busi-
ness, in Mifflintown, which he carried on for
many yeai's, was engaged in business operations
of various kinds, and became the owner of sev-
eral large and valuable farms in the vicinity.
By his first wife, Polly Leonard, lie had one
daughter living in 1885 — Elizabeth, wife of
Jackson McGruder, of Mifflinto\\n. By his
second wife, Elizabeth Maxwell, he had children,
viz.: Rev. Jacob H. Wright, a Lutheran min-
ister of Elderton, Pa., who was educated at Jef-
ferson College and the Theological Seminary at
Gettysburg ; Margaret, died at the age of nine-
teen ; Ellen S., wife of Edward L. Caum, of
Harrisburg, died April' 20, 1885 ; and Mary
Emma, wife of Thomas Hildebraud, of Harper,
JUNIATA COUNTY.
705
Iowa. By his third wife, Elizabeth T. Shelieu-
berger, born in Marietta, Pa., and died in Mif-
flintown, September, 186:5, aged forty-two yearn,
he had children, viz.: Clara I., wife of Joseph
Martin, of MiiHintown ; John C, a civil engi-
neer, edncated at Lafayette College and Cornell
University, now a resident of Greenview, 111.;
James-C, educated at Lafayette College, a lum-
ber merchant at Curwinsville, Pa.; Blanche, of
Mifflintowu, and Augustus S. Wright, of Pat-
terson, Pa.
Growth ok tiik Town — Incorporation.
— The town grew slowly until the erection of
Juniata County. A slight impulse wa.s giseu
to it by the opening of the canal, in 1829. The
erection of the comity and the incorporation of
the village gave new life to the place, and from
that time it grew to its present imjjortance.
Soon after the erection of the county, prelim-
inary meetings were held to carry forward move-
ments that made Mifflintown the leading place in
the county. December 1 9, 1832, the citizens met
JOHN WEIGHT.
A tannery was started by Amos Doty,
brother of Dr. Doty, about 1809 or 1810,
near the bed of the c-anal, which in 1817 was
operated by William Doty, who continued it
until about 1830, when it was abandoned. In
1817, David Elder, of Path Valley, came to
Mifflintowu and started a tannery below the
Doty tannery, which he continuetl until 18.'56,
when his sou, Noah Elder, now living in Lew-
istown, took its management, and continued
until about 1865, when he sold it to Cheney
Cliamberlain, who after a few years abandoned it.
45
at the stone school-house, on the lot now owne-l
by Mrs. Benjamin Witmer, to consider the pro-
priety of incorporating the town. The court-
house was building in 1832. The jail was
erected in 1833, and in that year the Mansion
House (now the National) was built. William
Henderson built a warehouse on the canal in
1832. The bridge had been completed a year
or two previous.
In 1833 S. & M. W. Abraham openetl a dry-
goods store in a log house on the site of Di-.
Banks' store. Joseph Cummings kept a store
706
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
on the corner of Front and Bridge Streets, for-
merly kept by James Knox. Amos Gustine
had a store in a log house, where Hinkel's store
now is, on Main Street. Robert C. Gallagher,
who formerly kejJt on Front Street, was then on
the corner of Main and Bridge. The hotels
were kept by John F. Sacger, Roberts and
Abraham Selheimer, and in this year Joseph
Cummings opened the Mansion House. The
physicians were Dr. Philo Hamlin, Dr. James
Frow, Dr. David Crawford and Dr. William
Elder.
The Juniata Free Press and Juniata Tele-
graph were established a year previous and were
in good circulation.
The tanneries of John Wright and James
Elder were in full operation. In April, 1835,
Fertig & McLaughlin began the manufacture of
hats the second door south of the stage-
office.
A line of stages had been running through
Mifflintown from 1808, first by the Juniata
Stage Company and later by Calder & Wilson.
Upon the completion of tiie canal, in 1829-30,
a Hue of daily packets was put on from Colum-
bia to Hollidaysburg, under the charge of Cal-
der & Wilson. These packets ran until super-
seded by the railway service, in 1849.
The borough of Mifflintown was incorporated
by act of Assend)ly, approved by Governor
George Wolf, March (i, 1833. The first public
action on the part of tlie citizens to that end
was at a public meeting held at the stone school-
house, on the evening of December 19, 1832.
The action taken at this meeting resulted in a
petition, which was signed and sent to the
Legislature. As provided in the charter, an
election was held for officers, and the officers-
elect met at the house of Joseph Cummings,
Esq., in the borough of Mifflintown, on the
18th of March, 1833, and were duly sworn into
office as follows: James Frow, chief burgess:
David Elder, assistant burgess; Joseph Cum-
mings, Amos Gustine, Robert C. Gallagher,
Andrew Parker, James Mathers, Town Council ;
Samuel Wright, constable.
The following ai-e the names of the burgesses
who have served the borough from that time
to the present :
1860. Jonathan McCoy.
1861. James Kirk.
1862. James Kirk.
1863.
1864. A. B. Bonsall.
1865.
1866.
1867. A. G. Bonsall.
1868.
1869. S. H. Showers.
1870. E. P. McWilliams.
1871. Jacob Suloff.
1872. Jacob Will.
1873. Tobias Anker.
1874. Dr. Lucian Banks.
1875. George Jacobs.
1876. George Reynolds.
1877. Jeremiah Lyons.
1878. Jacob SuloflF.
1879. Wilbur McCahan.
1880. James Robison.
1881. E. S. Doty, Jr.
1882. Geo. W. Smith.
1883. Geo. W. Smith.
1884. D. B. Doty.
1885. Ezra D. Parker.
1834. James Butler.
1835. J. W. Aitken.
1836. Andrew Parker.
1837. Tobia.s Kreider.
1838. Dr. Jacob Myers.
1839. James B. Kinkead.
1840. Joseph Boggs.
1841. Andrew Parker.
1842. Caleb Parker.
1843. J. W. Aitken.
1844. Caleb Parker.
1845. George Jacobs.
1846. Edmund S. Doty.
1847. George Jacobs.
1848. A. K. McClure.
1849. J. P. Thompson.
1850. Caleb Parker.
1851. George Jacohs.
1852. Caleb Parker.
1853. R. C. Gallagher.
1854. J. W. Aitken.
18.55. Alexander Harris.
1856. Tobias Kreider.
1857. W. E. Bowers.
1858. Selim Thomas.
1859. B. F. Kepner.
The present officers of the borough of Mifflin-
town are : Burgess, Ezra D. Parker ; Town Coun-
cil, C. F. Henkel, J. S. Robison, S. S. Wilson,
E. S. Parker, A. J. Patterson and W. T. Snyder.
Roads, Ferries and Bridges. — The first
mention made of a road from what is now
Mifflintown was in the year 1782, when a road
was ordered laid out from John Harris' planta-
tion on the Juniata to Gabi'iel Fry's smith-shop
and to Hamilton's mill. This mill was on Del-
aware Run, now in Delaware township, and was
owned by John Hamilton and later by Joseph
Sellers ; tlie site is now owned by Robert M.
Humphrey, of Delaware township.
At the January term of court, 1 793, a road
was ordered laid out from the fording-place at
Mifflintown, seven miles and ninety perciies in
length, to intersect the road leading to North-
umberland by Hugh McAlister's. at the side of
the Widow Mitchell's plantation. This road was
laid out in the fall of 1795 and is described in
the reeoixl as starting at Mifflintown, opposite
John McClelland's ferry. The village of Mif-
flinburg had been laid oiit .some time previous.
In 1790 lots in Mifflinburg were assessed to
John Fright, Alexander and Samuel Jackson
and John McClure, and McClelland's ferry
JUNIATA COUNTY.
707
was there and a fording only is mentioned at
Mifflintown in 1793. This town, however,
possessed superior advantages or more energy,
and John McClelland, as a matter of business,
thought it advisable to move his ferry to con-
nect with the new road then being laid out to
Mifflintown. The ferry was first operated by
John McClelland and by his son, John, and in
179G by Joseph McClelland and William Har-
ris, who obtained, March 17th in that year, an ;
act of incorporation for a ferry over the Juniata I
"on the main road leading from Sunbury to
Path Valley." The ferry and a farm of one
hundred and forty-nine acres passed to Noah
Abraham about 1800, who ran it until his 1
death, about 1806, when Samuel Metlin rented
it and operated it for nine years, James Love
succeeded and continued until 1821, when John
Robinson, now living in Patterson, leased it i
and held the lease until the bridge was finished,
in 1811. John Lytic ran it under Robinson's j
lease from the fall of 1828. The old ferry-
house is still standing on the west bank. The
route crossed the river to the Big Spring
on the Harris property. The ferry and its
privileges were absorbed in the charter of the
bridge over the river and the farm was later
sold to William Patterson, after whom the bor-
ough of Patterson is named.
In the year 1822, John Love operated a ferry
below the old ferry landing at Joseph Cum-
mings' landing, below the mouth of the run.
It was abandoned in 1823.
The act of incorporation for the turnpike
from Harrisburg to Lewistown was passed
March 4, 1807. The corporators resident in
Mifflin County were David Davidson, William
Thompson, Dr. Ezra Doty and James Knox
(below the Narrows), John Brown, George
McClelland, John Norris and John Bratton
(above the Narrows). The turnpike was not
completed through Mifflintown imtil 1821.
The :Miffliu In-idge,' the first structure of the
kiud erected over the Juniata, has a history of
such peculiar interest to the people of this coun-
ty that it isfittingtopreserveitasalastiug monu-
ment of the energy and enterprise of our oldest
' By William M. Allison, .Jr.
settlers. At the time of the inception of the
scheme Patterson had not yet been evolved into
existence, the present site consisting of what
was then known as the " farm," owned by
Miss Polly and Sallie Abrams. The only
buildings thereon erected were the farm-house,
a log house and a barn situated near the old
North mansion. The canal had not yet been
built and the railroad and telegraph had not
even been dreamed of. The mode of passage
over the river was by ferries, of which John
Robison operated one near the present site of
the bridge and John Love the other, which ter-
minated on this side, where the spring runs into
the river below the waste-weir.
After considerable discussion throughout the
county a bill incorporating the company was
prepared, and passed the Legislature March 5,
1828. The following commissioners were then
appointed to receive subscriptions of stock :
Jacob Wright, Benjamin Low, Joseph Cum-
mins, Benjamin Kepner, John Beale, Stewart
Turbett and Daniel Christy. The stock was
taken with what was then considered great
alacrity, and on July 7th of the same year the
company was granted a charter.
There was great diversity of opinion as to
the proper location of the bridge, some favoring
the foot of jSIarket (now Bridge) Street, while
others contended for Orange Street. Measure-
ments were taken at both places, and it was
found that the river was four hundred and
ninety-five feet at the foot of Market Street,
while the distance at the foot of Orange Street
to the island was two hundred and sixty-four
feet and from the island to the west shore three
hundred and eight feet, a total of five hundred
and seventy-two feet. The excess was quite an
item in those days, and the present site secured
the preference on the ground of economy. In
the great overflow of 1810, familiarly called
the " pumpkin flood," the water rose twenty-
eight feet and eleven inches above the low- water
mark ; hence the height of the bridge was fixed
at twenty-eight feet above the same mark. The
original intention was to build' the bridge with
two abutments, two piers and three arches (or
spans), and the contract was thus let to Jacob
Bishop, of Carlisle, for nine thousand seven
708
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
hundred and fifty dollars. Later the board of
managers changed their intention, put the abut-
ments farther back from the water line and there
extended the length of the bridge to five hundred
and ninety-one feet, which necessitated the con-
struction of another pier and span, increasing
the original cost to thirteen thousand eight
hundred and fifty dollars. On August 7, IS.'iO,
the bridge was viewed by a committee of the
managers and rejected on the ground of im-
perfect construction. After being strengthened
by the contractor it was finally accepted on
November 2d and thrown open to the public
six days later.
The par value of the shares of stock was
twenty-five dollars, and within a year after the
completion of the bridge only four hundred
and fifty-six shares had been disposed of. As
fast as portions of the work were viewed and
approved by the managers, payments were made
to Mr. Bishop ; but the money came in so slowly
that at the completion of his contract the com-
pany was considerably indebted to him. Mr.
Bishop took in payment six hundred dollars
worth of stock, one thousand dollars in cash,
two notes for five hundred dollars each (running
six and twelve months respectively) and a prom-
ise to pay the balance due in eighteen months.
So hampered were the managers that it was
found necessary to borrow five hundred dollars
in order to make the cash payment, and a year
and a half later to borrow six hundred dollars
more, for which sum Mr. Bishop relinquished
his claim.
A large number of the stockholders neglected
to pay up when their subscriptions were due,
and the managers were frequently harassed by
lack of funds and sometimes greatly discouraged.
The company could come to no agreement
with the commissioners and engineers of the
projected canal, relative to a bridge across that
stream, and hence were obliged to further in-
crease their stock and construct a span across to
the main land themselves.
The first misfortune to come to the bridge
was in the winter of 1831-32, when ice damaged
the bridge to the extent of four hundred dollars.
Early in February, 1840, the third and
fourth spans were carried away, and were recon -
structed at a cost of forty-three hundred dol-
lars, and were in use early in November. On
the 8th and 9th of October, 1847, a heavy
flood in the Juniata swept away the bridge at
McVeytown, and on Friday night, the 8th, the
Port Royal bridge was swept oif, and on the
morning of Saturday, the 9th, the first span of
the Mifflintown bridge was swept away and the
second span seriously injured. The company
at once rebuilt the arch, but a second misfortune
was precipitated upon them by the destruction
of the new span while the trestle-work was still
under it. After much difficulty twelve hun-
dred dollars was borrowed by the managers,
and Messrs. Thornburg & Kennedy, contrac-
tors, finished the job in a couple of months.
The debt was gradually paid off, and for over
thirty years the company has declared regular
dividends. The last of the original piers and
the last of the original spans were carried away
by the flood of October 8 and 9, 1847. Both
had been frequently repaired, and it was thought
that not more than fifty dollars worth of the
timbers put in in 1828 remained in the bridge
at the time of this disaster.
No material damage was done to the
bridge from that time until Friday, February
11, 1881, when, by reason of continuous
rain for thirty-six hours and melting
weather, the snow that for nearly three
months had lain on the hills in considerable
depth, was speedily melted, and from the
streams rapidly flowed to the Juniata, whose
surface was covered with thick ice, which
finally yielded to the pressure and a blockade
was formed above the dam, which reached the
bridge about eleven o'clock in the forenoon and
continued until six in the evening.
All of this came down on the west side of
Bell's Island, that on the east side being held
back by the first pier, forming an immense
gorge above, which threw to the right the cur-
rent and its burden. Between twelve and one
o'clock the ice breakers on the second pier
showed signs of injury, and at 2.47 p.m. there
was a crash and the second and third spans
were wrenched loose at either end and fell upcm
the ice. They floated down the river and
reached Mexico about five o'clock, and after sev-
JUNIATA COUNTY.
709
eral lodgements reached the dam above Mill-
erstovvn, much shattered.
As soon as tlie waters had subsided suffi-
ciently for safety, Jacob Suloff announced his
readiness to transport passengers across the
river by means of a skiff, which was safely
begun on Saturday morning. This means of
conveyance was continued until the completion
of the bridge.
The board of directors at once proceeded to
rebuild the bridge, and made a contract with
C. W. Keiffer, of Sunbury, who began the work
at once, and completed it at a cost of $10,000,
ready for travel, Saturday, August 20, 1881.
The first toll-house was built in 1830, and
James Butler was the first toll-gatherer. He
was succeeded in 1833 by William Reeder, and
in 1835 by Eleanor Frow, who continued until
1844, when Mrs. Mary Wallace succeeded, and
remained until 1850, and was followed by Mrs.
McCrum. The receipts for the first twenty-
five years were very moderate, and seldom
amounted to more than six per cent. The first
year the amount collected was $900 and con-
tingent expenses $200, and it was a long time
before the receipts reached $100 a month.
The first officers of the company were elected
August 9, 1828, as follows: President, Jacob
Wright; Treasurer, Rev. John Hutchison ;
Secretary, James Mathers ; Board of Managers,
William McCrum, Joseph Cummins, Dr.
Thomas Whiteside, ^\_mos Gustine, Benjamin
Kepner and James Mathers.
The following have served as presidents,
secretaries and treasurers to the present time:
Presidents: Benjamin Kepner, 1830; Daniel
Christy, 1837; Amos Gustine, 1838; Jacob
Wright, 1839; Rev. John Hutchison, 1840;
Robert C. Gallagher, 1841; Edmund S. Doty,
1844; Andrew Parker, 1848; Robert C. Galla-
gher, 1849; George Jacobs, 1855; Joseph M.
Belford, 1857; George Jacobs, 1858; Abraham
Guss, 1862; James M. Sellers, 1863; George
Jacobs, 1865; Edmund S. Doty, 1867; George
Jacobs, 1870; Rev. Joseph H. Mathers, 1885.
Treasurers: James Mathers, 1834; Robert C.
Gallagher, 1835; William Kenney, 1841; George
Jacobs, 1844; William Kenney, 1849; Joseph
M. Belford, 1850; George Jacobs, 1857; Joseph
M. Belford, 1858; William B. Jordan, 1864;
Robert E. Parker, 1866; T. J. Frow, 1868;
Thomas B. Hildebrand, 1869; Robert E. Par-
ker, 1870.
The board of directors as at present consti-
tuted is as follows: President, Rev. Joseph H.
Mathers; Treasurer, Robert E. Parker; Direc-
tors, W. S. North, E. S. Doty, Jr., E. S. Par-
ker, George Jacobs, Jr., Amos G. Bonsall, Hon.
Louis E. Atkinson.
Post-Office and Postmasters. — The first
postmaster of whom anything is learned is David
Davidson, who, in 1 808, was in charge of the
office at this place. The Juniata Stage Company
began running their lines of stages through the
place in IMay of that year. He was succeeded
in the next year by his son John. William
Bell held the office from 1810 to 1815, when he
moved to the island and was followed by Jacob
Ziegler, who then kept the Juniata Hotel. Dr.
David Crawford was appointed under Andrew
Jackson in 1828, and served until 1840. The
following have served from that time to the
present : Mary Abrams, Jacob A. Christy, B.
F. Kepner, W. W. Davis, David Watts, Solo-
mon Book, William H. Rogers, and the present
incumbent, Charles B. Crawford.
Hotels. — Without doubt the first tavern in
Miffiintown was built by Captain David David-
sou. He was a captain in the Revolutionary
army, and with his wife came to this place in
1792 and built a log tavern on Water Street,
now the site of Snyder's chair-factory. It was
known as " General Greene." He kept it for
several years, and in 1813 rented it to Joseph
Fettermau. It was later kept by John David-
son, a son, and Captain Davidson retired to a
farm on Ijost Creek, where he died. The tavern
was last kept by Abraham Selheimer.
Captain Davidson was a member of the Se-
ceder congregation, whose church was about five
miles from Miffiintown, and in 1792 was chosen
one of the trustees of that society, then under
the ministration of the Rev. William Logan.
He died about 1836, and was buried in the old
grave-yard in Walker township. He had seven
children, of whom Sarah become the wife of Dr.
John Bryson, Susannah married Steele, and
Margaret married John Robinson, whose
710
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
daughter is the wife of B. F. Schweier, editor
of the Juniata Sentinel.
" The Yellow House," as it was called, stood
ou Water Street, at the corner of Bridge Street,
and M'as kept as early as 1800. John Watson,
Esq., kept it about that time. It was kept in
1811 by Joseph Fetterman, during whose occu-
pancy it was burned, in October of that year.
One of his daughters and a daughter of Joseph
Woods were so much injured by the fire that death
ensued. Fetterman then moved to the " Red
House," onthesiteofthe Jacobs House, where he
remained until early in 1813,atwhich time he was
in dispute with the proprietor, and the following
spicy correspondence was held in the Juniata
Gazette, commencing January 14,1813. Fetter-
man says " that he has concluded not to submit
to the most enormous rise in the rent of his
present stand " and has rented " that well-known
and most convenient stand at the sign of Gen-
eral Greene, near the upper end of Mifflintown,
now in possession of the owner, David David-
son, and which has been occupied as a house of
public entertainment more than twenty years."
He adds, " It will be the Seven Stars when I
enter on the premises."
This card from Mr. Fetterman brought the
following rejoinder from the owner :
"to the public.
"The owner of the Tavern stand occupied by
Joseph Fetterman, in Mifflintown, says that from
Fetterman's high degree of insensibility to both pub-
lic and private favours, he was induced to dismiss
him and to rent to a person much more deserving of
public patronage, which he was solicited to do by agreat
number of respectable citizens who had occasion to
call at said tavern ; that rent was not the object, but
that dismission was determined, and, to speak in Fet-
terman's own language, ' dot he could not let him
have de house without offending de greater number
of de friends,' and that he has no intention of taking
any notice of anything that comes with the signature
of J. Fetterman."
There were many taverns kept at Mifflintown
in the early days, and among those to whom
license was granted were James Ramsey, Novem-
ber, 1793 ; Joseph Davis, April, 1794 ; David
Steel, James Gilfillan, Thomas Gallagher and
Samuel Jackson, in August, 1794; John Wat-
son, in January, 1795, and John McClure, in
April of the same year ; Christian Stauffer,
Joseph Fetterman, Mary Cottle, Daniel Roda-
baugh, in 1813 ; John Stauffer, Michael Fon-
cannon, John Holman, in 1814; David David-
son, in 1815 ; Ephraim Banks, in 1816 ; Frances
Kinsloe, in 1819 ; Jacob Ziegler and Jacob
Wise, in 1820.
Mrs. Ramsey kept the tavern after her hus-
band's death, and Dr. Ezra Doty and Benjamin
Law boarded with her before their marriages.
She then kept in the log house afterwards occu-
pied by Dr. Ezra Doty.
James Crawford, the grandfather of Dr.
David M. Crawford, kept tavern a short time
from 1808 to 1812.
Fetterman afterward was the landlord of the
" Red House " again and remained there many
years. He was succeeded by Alexander Ram-
sey, William Turner, Lewis Roberts, Samuel
McWilliams, Reese Meyer, Snyder and Simon
Albright, who occupied it when it was destroyed
in the fire of 1870.
The present Jacobs House was erected on its
site and was opened in 1875 by James ]\Iurray,
who was succeeded by Samuel Notestine, Sam-
uel Loudon and John. Fooreman, the present
landlord.
The Juniata Hotel was erected about 1815
by Jacob Sigler, and kept by him until 1827,
when he sold to Adam Wust, who also was
landlord several years. It afterwards was
sold to George Butterfield, who, with his widow,
kept it man)^ years. From that time to the
fire in 1883 it was kept by many, and at the
time of its destruction was in possession of
John Fooreman, now of the Jacobs House.
The Mansion House (now the National) was
built by Joseph Cummiugs in 1832, and kept
by him until about 1835, when he removed to
Ohio. Captain Jonathan W. Aitken sui'ceeded
him and kept about ten years and until
his death. He was succeeded by David
Stauffer, Jacob Wills, (who was " mine host "
for twenty-one years) and was succeeded by
James Murray, the present landlord.
Schools. — The first mention of a school-
house in Mifflintown is found in a road record
dated August, 1795, in which mention is made
of a petition " for a road from the school-house
JUNIATA COUNTY.
711
on Main Street." ' The Rev. David Elliot
wrote that he attended a school in Mifflintowu
in 1804, taught by the Rev. Matthew Brown,
later of Jefferson College and well-known as
an educator and pastor of the Mifflin and Lost
Creek congregations at that time. He was
succeeded in 1805 by the Rev. John Hntcheson,
who for many years taught a classical school in
the basement of the stone church. At what
time he began is not known. Mr. John Wright,
who came to this place with his father in 1795,
related that a school was kept in the basement
of the stone church in 1806, by a Mr. Mona-
ghan, who M'as also a surveyor. Soon after this
time James Butler taught school in a little log
house on the Davidson lot, on Front Street.
He was teaching then in 1813-14. James
S. Law, now living in Mifflintowu, attended.
Miss Mary Abraham also taught in the build-
ing. School was also kept in a log building on
the Wright lot by a man named Russell. In the
year 1815 the peoj)le of Mifflintowu began to
agitate the question of building a public school-
house. Meetings were held, and the Rev. John
Hutcheson, William Bell and Benjamin Law
were .selected as trustees to purchase a lot and
erect a union school-house. A subscription was
started and funds subscribed. On the 27th of
May, 1816, these trustees purchased of James
Knox lot No. 81, of the town plat, sixty
by one hundred and forty feet, on Third
Street. It is recited in the deed to the
ti-ustees that " Whereas the inhabitants of
Mifflintowu and its vicinity have entered into an
association and have agreed to purchase a lot of
ground whereon to raise a school-house for an
English school, to be called the Mifflintowu
Union School. ..." The school-house re-
ferred to was built during that season, and was
of stone, one and a half stories high, and about
twenty-four feet square. ]\Ir. Law attended
school in the new house when it was first opened
in the winter of 1816-17. An Englishman
by the name of Gwinnett was the first
teacher. In the next season Judge Noah
' .James S. Law, born in 1804, says be remembers in liis
eaHy days a log school-liouse standing above the David-
Eon tavern and that James Butler taught school in it.
Elder was a pupil ; William Banks was then
the teacher and continued for several years.
One John Ferguson taught for a time about
1819 or 1820. He was a very good teacher in
the forenoon, but in the afternoon his potations
were quite often too much for him and he would
fall asleep, and one by one his pupils would
steal away and leave the master alone in slum-
ber. Alexander McGarrah, an Irishman, taught
in the house in 1820-21. He was a fine
penman and a very severe disciplinarian.
Other teachers were Mr. Mullin, Thomas
Telfer (who taught several years from 1823),
Dr. James Frow (who taught while studying
medicine with Dr. Edward Doty) and Orrin
Hamlin, Joseph Lytic, John Frow, John
Ferguson, Jacob A. Christy, Elliot,
Bullock.
The stone school -house was used until 1839,
when Benjamin I^aw, as trustee, sold the lot to
the directors of Fermanagh township for fifty
dollars. The brick school-house was built on
the lot in 1840, but no school was kept that
year.
Before the brick house was built, school was
kept in the Methodist house, which stood on
the present church-lot. Leonard Woodward
was the teacher. A select school was kept at
the same time by jVIr. McEwen in a room in
the Knox House (now Parker).
Among the first teachers in the brick house
were Tobias Kreider, Morrow and Sam-
uel B. Crawford. The brick house was then
the only one used until the present two-story
brick, containing four large school-rooms, was
built, in 1863, when the brick school-house and
lot were sold to Benjamin Witmer, whose widow
now owns and occujiles it.
The free school law was enactetl in April,
1834, and the first meeting of delegates under
the act was held in the court-house at ^lifflin-
town, November 4th, at which were present John
Funk and David Glenn, commissioners, and
the following-named delegtites from the several
townships : Thomas McCurdy, Fermanagh ;
Samuel Himes, Walker ; John Shellenberger,
Greenwood : Thomas Todd, Mil ford ; George
Gilliford, Turbett ; Matthew Loughlin, Tusca-
rora ; and Joseph Berry, from Lack.
712
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
This convention decided to raise by taxation
thirty-five hundi'ed dollars, arranged times of
meeting for directors to divide these townships
into districts and such other duties as were in
their province. At the next annual meeting
all the townships were represented, and also in
1836.
Juniata County, unlike many other counties
in the State, accepted the school law from the
first, even with its many burdens, and while
there was much opposition, it was not so much
against education as methods, which in a few
years was remedied.
Mifllintown wasin Fermanagh School District
and there remained until 1851, when it became
independent. At that time Robert C. Gallagher,
Jonathan W. Aitken, Robert Barnard, James
W. Crawford, E. S. Doty and Joseph M. Bel-
ford were elected as school directors. The
board organized May 19th, and elected as
the teachers for the school year Jolin Huzzard
and Mary Abraham, who continued irregularly
until 1861, Of others who taught in the early
days of the district, were Hiram Albert, and
Clarissa Philips.
There are at present in Mitilintowu four
schools, containing two hundred and thirty pu-
pils, under the care of Capt. James J. Patter-
son.
jNIifflintown Academy. — A preliminary
meeting was held in MifBintown September 5,
1883, which resulted in the formation and in-
corpoi'ation of the Miffliutown Academy. The
building erected by Ezra S. Parker was leased,
and Professor Duncan was placed in charge and
continued until the close of the Spring term
in 1885.
The Rev. L. Y. Hays wtA chosen as principal,
and tlie academy opened September 9, 1885,
with three teachers and two full courses of in-
struction— the English course and the prepara-
tory classical.
James Butler, who is mentioned in jNIifBin-
town as a teacher in 1808 and again in 1813,
and in various parts of the county until 1831,
wrote a history of the navy of the United States.
The following concerning it is here given by
Professor A. L. Guss :
" In 1816 James Butler published a book entitled
'American Bravery Displayed in the capture of Four-
teen Hundred Vessels of War and Commerce since
the Declaration of War by the President. Compiled
from the best Authorities.' It was printed at Carlisle,
by George Phillips, for the author. He dates the
preface ' Mifflin County, Pa., November, 1815.' There
are three hundred and twenty-two pages and a list of
the subscribers. Butler, as a schoolmaster, is found
u])on the tax-lists of Milford, Lack, Turbett and Fer-
managh most of the years from 1804 to 1831. He
seems to have floated around from place to place in
pursuit of his calling. In 1816 he was in Milford.
His subscribers were doubtless made up largely of
those he came in contact with as a school-teacher.
From this it is evident that lie once lived about
McVeytown, Aaronsburg and also in Indiana (Jounty.
Most of them are in Lack, Milford, 'Mifflin and
vicinity.' A large listj'of subscribers, headed 'Lewis-
town and vicinity,' contains names from all parts of
the county as it then was constituted, and they were
likely gathered during court week on this one list." '
Presbyterian Church. — The first settlers
in this locality were Scotch-Irish, who located
along Lost Creek and the Juniata. Of these
families were the Pattersons, Nelsons, Purdys,
Cunninghams and others. Locations were taken
up in 1755, but no permanent settlement made
until about 1762. In the next year the erection
of a log church was begun on what later was
known ;is the glebe lands. This was not com-
pleted before the settlers were again compelled
to flee to Carlisle and other places of refuge.
It was not until 1766 that they were again set-
tled upon their several locations. One of the
first things to be attended to was the erection of
the house of worship. That this, however, was
not done in the summer of that year is shown
by the following.
In the summer of 1766 the Rev. Charles
Beatty and the Rev. George Duflfield, ministers
appointed by the Synod of New York and Phil-
adelphia to visit the frontier, set out on their
journey. On Monday, August 18th, they left
Carlisle, crossed the North Mountain and passed
into Sherman's Valley. On the 20th they
'The writer has the copy subscribed for by "Simon
Guest, Juniata township, Cumberland County." On a fly-
leaf is written, ''Simon Guess, his Book, July 3, 1816.
Price $1.25." On another leaf is, "Abraham Guss is my
Name, and Milford is my Dwelling and Single is my Sta-
tion. Licking Creek is near my Habitation. May the
19th, 1819." This was amended soon after by another
hand, who wrote " double" over the word " single."
JUNIATA COUNTY.
713
(crossed the Tuscarora Mountain, preached to tlie
people, and lodged at the house of William
Graham, iu Tuscarora Valley. Mr. Beatty
states in his journal : "Friday, 22d. Preached
in the woods, as we have hitherto done, north
side of the Juniata. Here, also, the people had
begun to build a house of worship, but left
it unfinished. Lodged at Captain Patterson'.s,
where we remained on the 2;3d. Here we agi'eed
to separate for a season, Mr. Duffield to go into
Path Valley, aud I along the Juniata." These
missionaries evidently stopped with the people
of the Cedar Spring congregation, as Captain
James Patterson is one to whom the glebe lands
were warranted in trust in March of the next
year (1767).
The people of the region were undoubtedly
quickened in their desire to have a house of
worship by the visit of the missionaries, and it
is stated that the congregation, upon examining
the foundation of the church building, that had
coniQienced years before, finding it was not
sufficiently large to accommodate the numbers
that were settling in the neighborhood, decided
to build a larger one. A new site was chosen
a few rods from the old foundation and the
house erected. At this time the land on which
it was located was not yet secured, and in the
winter of 1766-67, Captain James Patterson
and James Purdy were authorized to go to the
Land-Office and secure a grant of land for the
purpose. An order of survey, No. 3268, for
two hundred acres of land, was obtained, adjoin-
ing lands of Robert Nelson, Rev. Thomas Barton
and Jolm Wilkes, and given to James Patterson -
and James Purdy " in trust for a Presbyterian
ineetiug-housc and graveyard." The location
was surveyed by James Wilson, an assistant of
William Maclay, deputy surveyor. It was re-
turned as three hundred and thirty-two acres.
Mr. Maclay decided that this was more land
than could be returned under the order, divided
the plot and returned to the congregation two
luindred aud thirty-two acres, eighteen perches.
This decision became iu after-years a source of
great trouble aud vexatious law-suits to the
church. The meeting-house was built upon the
tract aud was used by the congregation until
about 1799, when the congregations of Mifflln-
town aud Lost Creek each built a hou.se of wor-
ship, and the old meeting-house was abandoned.
The first official notice of Cedar Spring congre-
gation is found in the records of Donegal Pres-
bytery, October 1, 1768, at which time Cedar
Spring congregation made application for sup-
plies. The Rev. Mr. Cooper was appointed and
doubtless served.
At the next meeting of Presbyteiy, in April,
1769, a joint application was received from the
Tuscarora and Cedar Spring congregations for
a supply, and the Rev. Mr. Cooper was again
appointed and served the two congregations.
The congregations were supplied in 1769-70,
but by whom is not known. At the April
meeting of Presbytery, 1771, the congregations
of Tuscarora and Cedar Spring presented a call
to the Rev. Mr. Rhea. No account is found as
to whether he served. In the year 1771 the
Rev. J. Kennedy, a Presbyterian minister from
the north of Ireland, came to this country and
to this people aud settled among them. In a
suit-at-law, which grew out of the ti'oubles men-
tioned above, and occurred in the year 1813,
mention is made "that about the year 1774 or
1775 (the congregation) built a parsonage-house
upon the tract, which was first occupied by their
minister, Mr. Kennedy," who remained there
until about the year 1 779, when he was succeed-
ed by the Rev. Hugh Magill. He was a native
of Ireland, licensed and ordained before coming
to this country. He was received by the Second
Presbytery of Philadelphia, in 1776, and dis-
missed to the Presbytery of Donegal October
15, 1777. He was called to the pastoral charge
of the Lower Tuscarora aud Cedar Spring con-
gregations in 1779, and was installed pastor in
November of that year, making his residence in
the pai"Sonage on the glebe lands of the Cedar
Spring congregation.
He remained as their pastor many years. He
was one of the constituent members of the
Huntingdon Presbytery upon its organization,
in April, 1795. At the next stated meeting of
the Presbytery after its organization the Rev.
Hugh Magill asked that the pastoral relation
between himself and the Lower Tuscarora con-
gregation be dissolved, giving as his reasons his
age and infirmities. The I'equest was granted
714
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
and he remained pastor of Cedar Spring con-
gregation.
Differences grew up between the members of
the congregation and Mr. Magill, arising out of
the division of the original survey, and the
congregation appointed, as representatives to
visit the Presbytery and lay the case before
that body, Robert Nelson, James Cunningham
and David Martin. Their statement was made
October 3, 1798, with the request that Presby-
tery appoint a committee to meet at the Cedar
Spring Church and assist them in a reconcilia-
tion.
In accordance with this request, the Rev.
David Wiley, John Bryson and Hugh Morri-
son, with Elders Thomas Ferguson, William
Bell, Esq., and John Cooper, were appointed a
committee to meet at the church on the last
Saturday of October, 1798. This committee
met, and, on the 20th of November, reported
that they had met at the time and place ap-
pointed, but could not reconcile the parties.
The Presbytery appointed a meeting in January,
at which time the Rev. Mr. Magill informed
Presbytery that, in consequence of his advanced
age and many infirmities, he conceived himself
no longer capable of discharging the duties of
a pastor, and asked that the pastoral relation be
dissolved. The members of the session united
with Mr. Magill in this request, and stated that,
in consideration of his past labors with the
congregation, they would pay to him annually
thirty dollars and continue to him the use of the
glebe during his natural life. Upon this the
Presbytery dissolved the pastoral relation, and
declared the congregation vacant. Mr. Magill
was appointed supply in May and June, and
the Rev. David Wiley to administer the Lord's
Supper on the .3d of August, with Mr. Samuel
Bryson to assist on tlie occasion.'
The following extract from the minutes of
the session held October 2, 1790, will explain
the story :
" A paper was handed to the Presbytery, signed by
Mr. Magill, in which he declines all connection with
the Presbytery and that he will not submit to our au-
1 Samuel Bryson here mentioned was a son of Judge
Samuel Bryson, who was studying for the ministry, but
who was stricken with disease and never was ordained.
thority. Also, a letter from Mr. M. to Samuel Bry-
son, in which he desires Mr. B. not to assist in ad-
ministering the Lord's Supper at Cedar Spring on the
3d Sabbath of August last, although Mr. B. had been
appointed to that service by Presbytery. It was,
moreover, represented to Presbytery that Mr. M. hiul
procured the doors of the meeting-house at Cedar
Spring to be nailed up, so that Mr. Morrison was pre-
vented from preaching there on the Second Sabbath
of August; that the people have thus been prevented
from the use of the house ever since, and that his
conduct has been, in other respects, irregular and dis-
orderly, contrary to the peace and welfare of the
society and injurious to the interests of religion in
general."
In consequence of these representations, Mr.
Magill was cited before the Presbytery, but did
not appear, at two meetings ; but finally, in
April, 1800, appeared, acknowledged most of
his error, and submitted to the Presbytery, who
dealt leniently with him. The congregation
resumed the payment of the annuity and con-
tinued the care of the aged pastor with much
charity and Christian patience until his death,
September 14, 1805.
At a meeting of Presbytery October 2, 1 79ft,
it was ordered that Cedar Spring and Lost
Creek congregations be allowed to apply to
Carlisle Presbytery for supplies.
The log church stood for many years, and
was used regularly until about 1800, and, occa-
sionally, a few years after. It was of hewed logs,
about twenty-four by thirty feet, with high pul-
pit on the south side and door on the east. The
glebe lands were sold in parcels, except about
one acre, and the proceeds divided between the
congregations of Mifflin and Lost C'reek. One
hundred and thirty acres were sold, April 30,
1814, to Joseph Knox, merchant, of Carlisle ;
the balance was sold later to Christian Musser and
Christian Alsdorif. The grave-yard was fenced.
It contains many stones of early and later dates.
The Rev. Hugh Magill, pastor of the church
from 1779 to 179(), died in 1805, and lies buried
in the yard, but without a stone to mark the
spot.
The following are of the early members of
the church whose tombstones are still standing
and the epitaphs legible :
" Here lies Interred the remains of Martha Nelson,
the wife of Robert Nelson, who departed this life the
JUNIATA COUNTY.
715
26th day of February, Anno Domini 1794, aged
about 63 years."
Mary Allen, daughter of Robert and Martha
Nelson, and wifeof David Allen, and her husband
lie buried by the side of her mother. He was a
soldier of the Revolution, and died August 18,
1 839, aged seventy-eight years, and she died Feb-
ruary 28, 1840, at an advanced age. The oldest
stone in the yard bears date 1766, and is to the
memory of a daughter of the Sharon family,
who lived near Oakland Mills. Jane Sharon,
aged thirty-five, died June 19, 1780, and Mary
Sharon died January 13, 1794, aged seventeen
years. A representative of a very old family
in this section of the country is buried here,
the inscription on whose tombstone is as fol-
lows :
" Here lies Interd the Remains of IsabeUa Curren,
who departed this life the 7th of December, Anno
Domini, 1790.
An aged woman
Her age unknown."
There are three flat slabs uniform in size,
two of which are erected by Isabella Buchanan.
She was the widow of Arthur Buchanau, on
whose land the village of Lewistown was
laid out, in 1789. In 1795 she married
David Jordan, who lived in the Narrows. She
died August 9, 1826, and is buried by the side
of John Buchanan, her son, who died in Septem-
ber, 1790, aged two years, and Adam Courley,
who died in 1792, aged sixty-one years, and his
wife, Mary, who died in September, 1802, aged
seventy-three years. The last two are evidently
the father and mother of Mrs. Jordan.
Here also are sons of John Elliot. Edward
died February 9, 1796, aged twenty-six years,
and Huston, August 29, 1797, aged thirteen
years.
Of others are Robert McMeen, who departed
this life February 22, 1S27, aged seventy-three
years.
" Interd here lietli the earthly parts of JIargaret
McMeen, who was removed from this transitory life
April 10, 1818, aged 52 years.
Annah Wright, consort of David Wright,
September 14, 1820, aged eighty-four years.
The last one given is in memory of Lu-
cinda Benthall, wife of Eber Benthall, born
March 10, 1775, died January 27, 1812, aged
thirty-seven years.
This lady was not of an old family in this
section, but had a sad, but eventful history. She
came to the place a few years before, with her
husband, from Philadelphia, and settled upon
the old Nelson place. Her husband sold the
property within a few months after her denth
and disappeared.
The village of Mifflintown was becoming a
centre of influence after it was laid out, in 1791,
and John Harris, the founder, denoted a lot
on the Main Street for church and grave-yard
purposes, and was the first to be buried within
its limits. He died February 28, 1794.
A desire was felt on the part of many to erect
a church building in the village, and in the
fall of 1795 a subscription paper was started.
The Rev. Joseph Mathers obtained from his
father the following subscription paper, which
is of interest in various ways :
" Whereas, It is considered consistent that a bouse
of worship for the professors of the Presbyterian re-
ligion be erected in Mifflintown, in the county of
Mifflin, therefore we, the subscribers, fully persuaded
of the propriety of such a measure, and desirous of
encouraging so laudable au undertaking, do promise
and engage, to pay into the hands of Hugh Mct'or-
mick and James Rodman the respective sums of money
annexed to our names and we do hereby authorize the
aforesaid Hugh McCormick and James Rodman, or
either of them, at any time after the building of the
house aforesaid is begun, to demand, sue for and re-
cover the several sums of money annexed to our re-
spective names for the purpose of carrying on and
completing the building of the house aforementioned.
Witness our hands done the first day of November,
A.D. 1793.'
£ s. d.
"John Watson 25 0 0
Trixtram Davis 0 15 0
John McClure 5 0 0
Ezra Doty, if the house is built of
stone, I will pay unto the trustees 5 0 0
Samuel Jackson, if a stone house.... 5 0 0
Jos. O. Ramsay 5 0 0
Wm. Crook 2 0 0
George Turner 6 0 (i
William Long 10 0
'At this time (1793) .lohn Harris wiis living, yet his
widow, Jane Harris, is a subscriber to this paper. This
fact leads the editor to (hink the original date was 179&
and not 1793.
716
JUiNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Robert Stewart, if a stone house is
built
James Purely, fifteen shillings. If a
stone house I will pay 25 pounds
if a log house
James Harris
Joseph Davis
John Johnson, if a ?tone house is
built
John McClelland, if a stone house
and four days' hauling stone with
wagon and team
James Boyd
William Harris
Henry Klugh
Robert Jordon, if a stone house
Azr Wright
Hugh McCormick
Robert and George Toury
James Rodman
John Hamilton, one pound and ten
shillings. On condition that the
house is built with stone, and on
ground the most central to the
present congregation, and of gen-
teel plan, I will pay
Wm. Cunningham
Joseph Sheavor
William Henderson
John Hardy
Alex. Robison
Hugh Hardy
William McCormick
David Hardey
Alexander Hardey
William Hardey
Thomas Hardey
George Campbell
Jean Anderson
James Henderson
Joseph Vanhorn e
Aquilla Burchfield
John Knox
Jacob Wright
James Taylor
John Cunningham
James Harris, Sr
James Knox
Sam'l Jamison
.John Jamison
John Elliott
John Simpson
Wm. Robison
Wm. Brisbin
Hugh Magill
Matthew McClure
James McCalley
£ s. d.
5 0 0
0 10
5 0
7
0 0
2
0 0
1
2 6
2
0 0
5
0 0
5
0 0
2
0 0
5
0 0
1
2 6
0
12 (J
0
12 (5
0
12 (i
0
12 6
1
2 6
0
12 6
2
0 0
0
15 0
f<
0 0
0
10 0
0
10 0
1
0 0
5
0 0
lr>
0 0
3
0 0
2
5 0
3
0 0
3
0 0
3
0 0
7
10 0
3
0 0
3
0 0
7
10 0
Wm. McCoy
Samuel Davidson
Thos. Gallaher
William Campbell
Charles Clark ,
Jane Harris, widow
Jean Patterson
John Kelly
James Johnson
Nath. Johnson
Michael McMullen
Robt. Sturgeon
John Wright
Wm. Cunningham, blacksmith
Adam Johnston
Andrew Johnston
.Tohn Stewart, if built of stone.
Wm. Martin
John Beaty
Samuel C. Greer
Daniel Murray
John Alexander
John Trit
Andrew Dixson
Michael McCrum
William Adams
John Carmont
John Lytle
Dorothea Turbett.
Mary Wilson, widow
Geo. Wilson, to be paid in six
months
David Greer
James Sanderson
Hugh McAlister
James Aitken
Thos. Turbett
Andrew Nelson
Thos. M. Stewart
Robert McAlister
.James P. Nelson
Andrew Patterson
Wm.Bell
James Criswell
John Culbertson
Jos. Culbertson
Mos. Thompson
John Patterson
.Ino Bratton
John Cummin is to pay
Conrad Tintner
£
s.
d.
7
10
0
6
10
0
. 5
0
0
1
0
0
. 0
15
0
. 10
0
0
. 3
0
0
. 2
0
0
. 0
11
3
. 0
11
3
0
11
0
. 1
2
6
3
0
0
. 0
15
0
. 1
0
0
. 1
0
0
. 15
0
0
(i
0
0
0
2
0
1
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0
5
2
0
2
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0
0
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0
1
8
3
0
1
fi
3
0
6
0
0
10
15
15
7
0
0
3
0
3
0
3
0
3
0
3
(l
0
1
10
0
0
3
0
9
0
10
0
0
4
0
. 3
0
1
10
5
0
15
15
2
15
2
10
8
15
0
0
n
9
0
0
0
. 0
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6
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0
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fi
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n
0
9
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. 3
0
£423
4
4
70
18
4
JUNIATA COUNTY.
717
Jas. McClelland, four days' bauliug, H 0 0
£497 2 7
87 4 lOi
£409 17 8^"
The house was begun soon after this time,
but was not completed in the winter of 1798-99,
as on February 13th in that year, 1799, an
act of I^egislature passed, authorizing Samuel
Bryson, James Knox, John Watson, William
Harris and James Rodman, commissioners
named, to raise by lottery a sum of money not
to exceed two thousand dollars, " to be applied
to defraying the expenses of completing the
building of the Presbyterian meeting-house in
Mifflintown."
This lottery was never held. The tickets were
issued and placed in the hands of James Knox,
one of the elders of this church. He retained
them, and, in after-years, his daughter Maria
placed them in a scrap-book, which is now in
possession of Mrs. Joseph Cummings, of Sydney,
Ohio. The house was built of stone and left
unfinished for several years, and until the Rev.
John Hutcheson became the pastor, in 1805.
With the desire to have the house of worship
completed, he preached a sermon from the text,
Haggai i. 4 : " Is it time for you, O ye, to
dwell in ceiled houses and this house lie waste?"
This sermon had the desired effect, and the
house was soon after plastered on the sides and
ceiled overhead with pine and left unpainted.
A basement was made underneath, opening
upon the street, which was fitted up for a
school-room and used many years by the Rev.
Mr. Hutcheson. The audience-room was en-
tered by large folding-doors from the east end.
The pews were high-backed and in four rows.
The pulpit was high, surmounted by a sound-
ing-board painted green, on the top of which
was placed a carved pine-apple, about fifteen
inches in length. The church was jjrobably
inclosed in the winter of 1799-1800, as, on the
2d of April, 1800, the Huntingdon Presbytery
met at Mifflintown. At about the same time
the Lost Creek congregation built a log church
near McAlisterville. The united congregations
of Mifflin and Lost Creek are first mentioned
November 10, 1801, when a call is made for
the Rev. Matthew Brown, a licentiate, who
began his labors with the congregations in tiie
fall of 1801, but was not ordained and installed
until the meeting of Presbytery in April, 1X02.
He remained with the people until March 20,
1805, when, at his own reque.st, the pastoral
relation was dissolved.
At the same time a call was put into his
hands from Washington, Pa., which he ac-
cepted, and he was dismissed to the Presbytery
of Ohio and soon after became president of
Washington College, and later the distin-
guished and honored educator and president of
Jefferson College, at Cannonsburg, Pa.
Mr. John Hutcheson, a native of Dauphin
County, Pa., graduated at Dickinson College,
under the Rev. Charles Nisbet, D.D. ; was licensed
to preach in the fall of 1804 and received a call
from the congregations of Mifflintown and Lost
Creek October 1, 1805, which he accepted and
began his labors. He was ordained pastor of
the congregations at a meeting of Presbytery at
Lost Creek Church April 15, 1806. A charter
was obtained March 1, 1807. Mr. Hutcheson
served faithfully the congregations until his
death, November 11, 1844, and for many years
taught the classics to young men who attended
his school from a great distance. The Sabbath
following the decease of Mr. Hutcheson, the
Rev. Matthew Allison was invited to fill the
pulpit and was asked to remain as a supply
until spring. He had been pastor of a church
in Kilbarchan, Scotland, twenty-three years,
and in Paterson, N. J., eighteen months. He
received a call to become pastor of this church
March 26, 1845, and was installed the follow-
ing April, and remained as pastor until his
death, July 8, 1872. His failing health, in 1871.
led him to ask for a release from the congrega-
tions, but they desired him to remain, and
secured T. J. Sherrard, at that time a licenti-
ate of the Presbytery of Steubenville, to act as
co-pastor. He pn>ached for the first time
November 5, 1861, and began his regular labors
January, 1862, and was ordained and installed
June 11, 1872. Mr. Allison did not long sur-
vive, and the Rev. Mr. Sherrard became the
pastor and remained until April 15, 1875, when
he resigned. A strong desire on the part of
718
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the Mifflintown congregation to be an indepen-
dent congregation led to a meeting December
9, 1874, at which it was resolved to petition
Presbytery at the April meeting. This action
coming to the notice of the Lost Creek congre-
gation, that body protested, by resolution,
January 8, 1875, against the dissolution of the
charter. These proceedings were read before
Presbytery April 13, 1875. A committee was
appointed, and, on the 15tli of June, 1875,
the Rev. Mr. Laird, on behalf of the commit-
tee, preached to the Lost Creek congregation
in the morning and the Mifflin congregation in
the evening, and read to each the decision of the
committee and the Presbytery, to the effect
that the congregations were divided and each
independent. This occasioned ill-feeling, and
suits followed, which resulted in the church prop-
erty at Mifflintown comingto the jurisdiction of
the Lost Creek congregation, who now hold it.
The old stone church was used until 1838,
when it was torn down, and the brick church,
now standing on Main Street, opposite the site
of the old one, was built in the summer of 1839
and used until it came to the jurisdiction of the
Lost Creek congregation.
The Mifflintown congregation leased a lot on
Washington Street, and erected the present
chapel, which was first opened for service Oc-
tober 11, 1879. The Rev. T. J. Sherrard con-
tinued as pastor of the Mifflintown Presbyterian
Church until April, 1880, when he resigned.
The Rev. George Benaugh was called to the
pastorate July 2, 1880, and accepted August
2d. He served the church until November 1,
1884. The Rev. L. Y. Hays was called as a
supply June 1, 1885, to serve the church for
one year, and it is now in his charge. The so-
ciety has at pi'csent about two hundred and
fifty members.
Messiah Evangelical Church. — The
first minister of the Lutheran denomination
of whom anything is known as having preached
west of the Susquehanna River was the Rev.
Mathias Guntzel, who preached to the settlers
in Pfoutz Valley from 1789 to 1796. He
was succeeded by tlie Rev. John Herbst, who
preached in the old church in Half Falls
Mountain Gap, in Perry County. He traveled
through the more sparsely-settled parts of the
country, preaching to the people. He was suc-
ceeded, in 1804, by the Rev. Conrad Walter,
who labored, in this region, until 1809. In
that year the Rev. George Heim began to
preach statedly in Tuscarora Valley, at Mif-
flintown, Lewistown, Decatur and a number
of other places between the Juniata and Sus-
quehanna Rivers. About 1800 the Luther-
ans resident in Mifflintown became desirous of
having a house of worship, and accepted the
donation of a lot of land from the heirs of John
Harris as a site. Services were occasionally
held here by missionaries, and in 1809, through
the preaching of the Rev. George Heim, the
society were incited to erect a house of worship.
The effort Mas made, and by 1811 a log house,
about twenty-eight by thirty feet, with galler-
ies on three sides, was erected on the southwest
corner of the present church-lot. The Rev.
George Heim preached to the congregations in
the valley until 1814, when the Rev. John
William Heim, his brother, having been licensed
to preach, received a call from the Lutheran
congregations in Mifflin County, Tuscarora
Valley and Mifflintown (now Juniata County),
Lewistown and Decatur, Cumberland County,
Pfoutz Valley and Greenwood, New Buffalo
(now Perry County). The trustees of these
congregations, Jacob Byner, of Decatur, Mifflin
County, John Kepner and John Rice, of Mil-
ford (now Juniata County), and Henry Fry, of
Greenwood (now Perry County), purchased one
and a half acres of land on the road from Mif-
flintown to Mexico, of John Riddle, on the 1st
of April, 1814, and erected thereon a parson-
age. To this land the Rev. J. W. Heim moved
and began his labors. He preached, for the
first time, at St. Mary's Church, Mifflintown
(now Messiah), on the 26th of June, 1814, and
thei'eafter to each congregation once in four
weeks. He resided in the ])arsonage near Mif-
flintown until the spring of 1828, when he
moved to Loysville, Perry County, and discon-
tinued preaching at Lewistown and Decatur.
Services were held in the log house in Mif-
flintown for the first time in 1811, at which
time the Lord's Supper was administered by
the Rev. George Heim. In the next year the
JUNIATA COUNTY.
719
smiiety numbered forty-six members. The Rev.
•I. William Heim remained in charge of this
church until 1<S;J5, and in 1831 he served the
following congregations: Mifflintown, Tusca-
rora (near Port Royal), Zion (at Blain), Loys-
ville, St. Peter's (Bloomfield), Mount Zion (or
Fishing Creek), Liverpool and St. Michael's,
in Pfoutz A^alley.
The St. Mary's Church (now Messiah), at
Mifflintown, and the Tuscarora Church, desi-
rous of having more constant service, in Octo-
ber, 1833, petitioned the Synod for another
pastor, and the Rev. Charles Weyl was assigned
to the church, in 1834, to take charge of the
J'juglish portion. The Rev. Mr. Heim still
continued until 1835, when he resigned the
charge of all the churches iu Juniata County,
and devoted his time to the congregations
.southwest of the Juniata River. On the 1st of
April, 1835, the parsonage lot, about two miles
from Mifflintown, was sold to Solomon Haas.
The deed was given by William Rannels, Sr.,
Jacob Kepner, John Weishaupt and John
Murphy, trustees of the Lutheran congrega-
tion, and Peter Diven and W^dliam Waldsmith,
trustees of the Reformed Church. The prop-
erty, in 1838, was sold to Mrs. Peter Diven,
and is now owned by Miss Susanna Weaver.
No account of a Reformed congregation is
<ibtained other than the above.
On the 15th of March, 1835, the Rev. S. R.
Boyer took charge of the society and preached
in both English and German. He continued
as pastor until INIarch 15, 1846, when he
preached his farewell sermon.
On the 28th of August, 1837, the pastor, the
Rev. Mr. Boyer, called the society together to
consider the propriety of erecting a new church
edifice. After due consideration, it was deemed
advisable to endeavor to erect a new hou.se.
Jacob Ziegler, John F. Saiger, Abraham Gu.ss
and Samuel Davis were appointed a committee
to raise a subscription, and, if advisable, to pro-
ceed to the erection of a church. A subscription
was begun and in three months' time two thou-
sand dollars was raised and contract was made
with Peter Beruheisel to erect a brick edifice.
Tiie log church was iu the southwest corner of
the church-lot, and the corner-stone of the new
church was laid in the .southeast corner of the
same lot, on the 11th of August, 1838, and the
building was completed in the next year and
dedicated February 23, 1839. Services were
held by the Revs. William Heim, William
German, D. P. Rosenmiller, Emanuel Frey and
the pastor, S. R. Boyer.
The church building was fitty-one by sixty-
one feet. It was used until its partial destruc-
tion, in 1879, when it was enlarged by the
addition of twelve feet on the front, and other-
wise improved, at a cost of forty thousand
dollars. The society also are in possession of a
parsonage at the head of Bridge Street.
Since the retirement of the Rev. S. R. Boyer,
in March, 1846, the following pastors have
served the society :
Kev. Jacob Martin, 1846^8; Rev. Levi F. Wil-
liams, 1848-58; Rev. Philip Willard, 1858-61; Rev.
Robert H. Fletcher, 1861-67; Rev. J. B. Anthony,
1867-70 ; Rev. D. M. Blackwelder, 1870-76 ; Rev. E.
E. Berry, April 1, 1876-April 1, 1885 ; Rev. Philip
Graif, June, 1885.
A branch society, the St. Stephen's Evangel-
ical Lutheran Church, was established in Milford
township about 1860, and M'hich, in 1861, erect-
ed a frame church building. This branch has
eighty members, and the present society has
about two hundred and sixty.
Methodlst Episcopal Chuech. — About
the year 1830 the first sermon was preached by
a Methodist minister, by the Rev. Kincaid,
a brother of James Kincaid, in his office, he
lieing a justice of the peace. From that time
until 1841 sermons were occasionally delivered
by Mr. Kincaid.
About 1835 a frame school-house was built
by the Methodists, in which they held both
schools and meetings. This was used until a
brick church, about thirty-five by sixty feet, was
built on the present site. It was remodeled in
1862 and practically rebuilt and enlarged in
1873, and dedicated January 4, 1874. It was
damaged by the great storm of 1879 and re-
paired. The society at present numbers two
hundred and twenty-five members.
The following is a list of the pastoi-s since
the church became an independent station :
1841-42, Jacob Gruber; 1843-44, J. N. Spaugler ;
1.S45-46, Henry Ewing ; 1847-48, Fr.inklin Dyson;
720
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
1849-50, George Stevenson; 1851-52, Ephraim Mc-
Collum; 1853-54, N. S. Buckingham; 1855-56,
Franklin Gearhart ; 1857-58, W. A. McKee ; 1859-60,
John W. Laugley; 1861, Philip B.Reese; 1862-63,
John Stine ; 1864-65, S. H. C. Smith ; 1867-68, E.W.
Kirby ; 1869-70, A. M. Barnitz ; 1871-73, H. C. Par-
doe; 1874-75, G. D. Pennepacker; 1876-77, Thomas
Sherlock; 1878-79, R. E. Wilson; 1880-81, W. V.
Ganoe ; 1882-84, M. L. Smith ; 1885, J. B. Mann.
Cemeteries. — The first burial-place of the
early settlers of Mifflintown was uuknowii until
1874, when, upon excavating for the present
court-house, two skeletons were found buried
horizontally, about two feet beneath the surface,
lying east and west, about eight feet apai't.
They were south of the foundation wall of the
court-house, and it is thought the place was used
as a burial-ground before the Presbyterian bur-
ial-ground was first used, in 1794. The latter
was laid out by John Harris for church and
burial-place in 1793, and he was the first to be
buried in it, having been laid there to rest on
the 23d of February, 1794. It is still used and
was added to in 1871, by purchase from John
Wright.
The Lutheran Grave- Yard Mas also donated
for church and burial purposes, and has been
used to the present time. In 1868 a number of
citizens of Mifflintown formed an association
under the name of the " Union Cemetery Asso-
ciation," and presented a petition to the Juniata
Coimty Court, asking for an act of incorporation,
which was granted on the 12th day of Decem-
ber, 1868, with the following corporators : W.
H. Maxwell, Samuel M. Elliot, R. P. McWil-
liams, William Wise, Rev. J. B. Anthony, J.
B. Hollobaugh, F. M. Mickey and Isaac Coff-
man. The association purchased of William H.
Noble fifteen acres of land in AValker township,
south of the borough, and about three-quarters
of a mile distant. It was properly graded,
fenced and laid out, and it was dedicated Aug-
ust 14, 1869. The following remarks by the
Rev. J. B. Anthony, as prefatory to the charter
and by-laws, are of interest :
"A suitable place for the sepulture of the dead has
been an acknowledged want by the citizens of Mif-
flintown, Patterson and adjacent neighborhoods for
years. Earnest and well-meant efforts have been made
by certain of the citizens, from time to time, to se-
cure such a place, but each undertaking met with
objections, and owing to various causes, was in its
turn abandoned. The only two grave-yards in the
vicinity — the one adjoining the Presbyterian Church,
and the other that of the Lutheran Church — are said
to be full, or nearly so; hence the necessity of secur-
ing some other convenient and eligible resting-place
for the dead has become an absolute necessity. Be-
sides this, there is a general wish pervading the heart
of the community to have a place for interment,
where they can be assured that the graves of their
friends and themselves will not be molested by the
extension of the town or the onward march of im-
provement, and where they can have good and sufii-
cient safeguards guaranteed to them, that the sacred
inolosure shall ever be kept in good repairs. Another
very general desire of the community, including all
classes, is to have a burial-place where whole families
may be grouped together side by side on the same plot
of ground.
" Actuated by a desire to meet these felt and ac-
knowledged wants of the community, the stockholders
of Union Cemetery have appointed a board of
managers who have purchased the pleasant and beau-
tiful grounds, which are now laid off and prepared
for the burial of the dead: and thus have given a
practical exhibition of their desire to do good to oth-
ers, rather than from any expectation that the invest-
ment in this sparsely-peopled section will, at least
for a long time to come, if ever, be a profitable one.
Neither have the stockholders reserved or set apart
any portion of the grounds for themselves, but, in
common with all other citizens, they will make their
selections for lots and will pay for them at the estab-
lished rates.
" Descended, as most of us have, from European
ancestors, representing many of the different States
and nationalities of the Old World ; and composed
as we are of different Christian denominations, and
destined as we all are, ere long, to mingle together in
the dust, the name of Union Cemetery has been
unanimously agreed upon as the most appropriate
appellation for this sacred repository for the dead.
" The first interment inthissacred' God's Acre' was
that of Joseph M. Belford, Esq., a most worthy and
estim.able citizen of Mifflintown, in the 47thyearof his
age. The second, that of a nameless infant child of
Wm. J. Jackman, Esq., but two days old."
Fire Companies and Fires. — The first
fire of which anything is known in the limits
of the borough was that at the " Yellow House,"
in 1811, a tavern which stood on the site of the
brick house at the west end of the bridge. It
was then kept by Josepli Fetterman.
At what time a fire company was first organ-
ized is not known, but is said to be soon after
1800. The next organization was effected June
JUNIATA COUNTY.
T21
21, 1834. At that time a constitution was
drawn up and signed by the following persons :
James Mathers, William W. Kirk, Thomas
McCurdy, A. Gustine, Caleb Parker, E. C.
Gallagher, Andrew Parker, John Schweier, C.
Cattle, James Frew, Tobias Kreider, John Fer-
guson, E. Wise, John T. Saiger, S. G. Nesbitt,
George Jacobs, John M. Thompson, Thomas
Kerr, Samuel Davis, Charles T. Swearingen,
William Kenny, Benjamin Akley, Samuel Peu-
ncbaker, A^'illiam Henderson, Jonathan McCoy,
Philo Hamlin, Alexander M. Nesbit, John J.
Eberley, William C. Hershey, Johu B. Bratton,
Henry H. Murphy.
The preamble of the constitution is as fol-
lows :
" Whereas, it is at all times the duty of members of
society to assist each other when assailed by misfor-
tunes ; but in no case is the dependence of man
upon his fellow-men more forcibly exempliiied than
when his property is exposed to tlie destructive rava-
ges of fire ; thus, next to Divine assistance, relying
upon the mutual aid and exertions of each other, it
becomes no less an object of policy than a principle
of duty, to associate for their mutual security.
" Therefore, we, the subscribers, residing in the
Borough of Mifflin, do hereby associate and form our-
selves into a company, and agree to adopt and be
governed by the following rules and articles of asso-
ciation."
This is followed by the rules which are com-
mon to such organizations. No further iufor-
mation concerning the company is obtainable.
The first official record of a company is in
Council records of April 18, 1842, at which
time Council authorized the fire company to
have the engine repaired at the expense of the
borough. An engine-house stood on the public
grounds, near the northeast corner. At the
same meeting Council ordered six ladders of
different lengths to be made for fire purposes,
and kept on the public grounds ; also ordered
each family to jiurchase and keep tM'O fire-
buckets, to be paid for by the owners of the
property, and to be left ou the premij^es.
Robert Parker says this company was com-
posed of boys of the town, who had wool hats,
made at Ferie's hat-factory, for part uniform.
The engine became of no use from rust and
disuse, and the company ran down.
In the winter of 1854, stables in the rear of
46
Mrs. Jane Bryson's were burned and the matter
of a fire company and fire engine was discussed,
which resulted in Mr. Anthony Sandoe, then a
member of the Council, visiting Harrisljurg
with a view of making some arrangements for
the purchase of an engine.
He succeeded in trading the old engine for
another second-hand brake engine by the pay-
ment of two hundred and twenty-eight dollars.
This was brought to the borough and repaired.
The engine is still in possession of the borough,
but useless. An effort was made after the fire
of 1883 to form a fire company, which was suc-
cessful in organizing with ninety-one members,
but not successful in retaining organization,
and the borough is to-day without a company,
and is dependent for fire appliances upon its
adjoining town, Patterson, for help in case of
disaster by fire.
The three notable fires of Mifilintown occurred
in 1870, 1873, 1883. The first occurred De-
cember 31, 1870, in the buildiug next the bridge
on the south side of the street, and swept ea.st
to the residence of E. D. Parker, and southward,
embracing all the southwest quarter of the
town, except the dwellings of E. D. Parker,
Noah Elder and Alexander Ellis.
The next fire began in or near the Sentinel
office, on the north side of Bridge Street, at
Elbow Alley, embraced the Nevin building and
all on the square east and north to the Juniata
Hotel.
The last fire, August 25, 1SS3, began in the
stable of the Juniata Hotel and destroyed four
general stores, hardware-store, drug-store, print-
ing-office, hotel and other buildings.
Banks. — The banks of Mifflintown are pri-
vate institutions. The first was established in
August, 1864, by Doty, Parker & Co., in a
building on the corner of Bridge and Water
Streets. Business was opened August 31st in
that year. The present banking-office was
fitted up and occupied in Januaiy, 1872.
Edmund S. Doty retired from the firm August
31, 1879, since which time the firm-name has
been Parker & Co.
The Juniata Valley Bank (Pomeroy, Patter-
son, Jacobs & Co.) was oi'ganized in 1867, hav-
ing twenty stockholders and a cash capital of
722
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
forty-one thousand dollars. Business was begun
August 5, 1867, in the residenee of John J. Pat-
terson, and there continued until the completion
of the banking-office in the Jacobs Block,
February, 1874. Joseph Pomeroy was chosen
president and continued till his death, in 1875,
when he was succeeded by his son, J. Nevin
Pomeroy, who is still president. The first
cashier was F. S. Jacobs, who served until
April 1, 1869, when he was succeeded byT. V.
Irwin, who still holds the position.
The Press. — The greater part of the history
of the press of Miffliutown is taken from an
article read by Professor A. L. Guss before the
Juniata Valley Printers' Association, Septem-
ber 6, 1879. Some additional facts have been
gathered and are given. In an article written by
Andrew Banks, about the year 1844, he says:
"The fii'st newspaper published in this county
was edited by Michael Duffy in Miffliutown,
about the year 1794. It was discontinued in
a year or two." This is the first and only
positive information found in regard to this
pioneer enterprise, except two receipts, indorsed
" for the newspapers" and signed by Michael
Dufiy in March, 1797, which, like Mr.
Banks, are strangely silent in regard to the
name of the paper. From the fact that
Duffy, on July 4, 1797, started the Hunt-
ingdon Courier, it seems clear that he removed
his office from Miffliutown to Huntingdon
in the early summer of 1797. But the
name of his first enterprise has been lost, and
not a copy is known to be extant. It may
yet be recovered.
Andrew Gallagher started the Mifflin Eagle
in the spring of 1817, in the lower part of the
Gallagher ]\Iansion, on Water Street. In the
summer of 182.3 Gallagher died and was succeed-
ed by his brother, Robert C. Gallagher, who issued
his first paper July 5, 1823. It had four col-
umns, two dollars per annum, payable half-
yearly in advance. At the end of one year it
passed into the hands of Joseph Mathers, who
started a new series September 18, 1824, and
conducted it a year or two. Whether any one
succeeded him or not I could not ascertain, but
the office was removed to Lewistown about the
1st of May, 1826, where it was published for
some years under the same title. The paper on
which the Eagle was printed was made at Nor-
ton & Selheimer's mills (1817 to 18.30), on
Licking Creek, seven miles west of Miffliu-
town.
Mrs. Jane H. North, daughter of Hugh Mc-
Alister and mother of Hon. Hugh North, of
Columbia, and Calvin B. North, of Sel ins-
grove, was at the time of the first publication
of the 3Iifflin Eagle a young girl, and visited
the office when the first edition was struck off.
She then resided at McAlisterville and says
that the first batch of the papers for Lost Creek
and McAlisterville, then a village of but three
houses, was carried by her on horseback. The
paper being published late in the evening, the
greater portion of her journey was made after
dark. The road, especially along the ridge
back of Judge Christy's farm, was rough and
dangerous, the county wild and thinly populated j
and there being no bridges in this section, Mrs.
North was compelled to ford all the creeks be-
tween this place and her destination. She at
last reached home safely with her papers, to the
delight of the population, as well as herself.
The Mifflin Advocate was started September
8, 1820. A copy of No. 16 is in possession of
H. Frysinger, of Lewistown. Published by
David McClure, at Miffliutown ; four columns,
two dollars per annum.
After the removal of the Eagle to Lewistown
there was no paper published in Mifflintown
until after the organization of the new county
of Juniata. There were two papers then started,
the Telegraph and Free Press. We will follow
these.
The Juniata Telegraph and People's Advocate
was started May 25, 1831, by Samuel McDowell
and Charles W. Kelso. How long it was run
has not been ascertained, but it was probably
succeeded by the Juniata Journal on July 29,
1835, five columns, by F. C. Merklein. He
seems to have run the paper about a year and
then went to Lewistown. In the latter part of
September, 1836, Samuel Shrack commenced
the Spirit of the Times and Democratic Press,
who, after October 31, 1838, had associated
with him Jacob F. Saiger. They were suc-
ceeded by James G. Sample, 1840, who about
JUNIATA COUNTY.
723
June 6, 1844, chauged the name to the Juniata
Times. In the middle of April, 1845, the office
passed to Jacob F. Saiger. Dec. 1, 1847, it was
sold to S. R. Magonagle and J. P. Thompson,
and the name was changed to Pennsylcania
Be(/ister. Dec. 1, 1848, the office was purchased
by William P. Cooper, and the name chauged
to Juniata Register. In 1851 the office passed
into the hands of Samuel E. Hench and Amos
G. Bonsall, who, in 1852, changed the name to
the Tuscarora Register. In 1852 Bonsall be-
came the sole proprietor, and on January 1,
1858, sold to A. J. Greer and Andrew G. Alli-
son, who changed the uame again to Juniata
Register. July 26, 1858, Allison retired, and
his brother William took his place. December
23, 1858, Greer & Allison sold the office to
Amos G. Bonsall, who conducted it until the
consolidation with the True Democrat.
The Juniata True Democrat was started June
7, 1860, by A. J. Greer and Calvin B. Harris,
in connection with Dr. E. D. Crawford. Greer
soon after withdrew. Harris had charge till
Aug. 14, 1862, when he enlisted in the army,
where he died Jan. 18, 1863. Jan. 8, 1863,
Greer again became editor. June 11, 1863,
Joseph Middaugh and Samuel A. McKenzie
took charge of it. Feb. 25, 1864, McKenzie
retired. June 9, 1864, Greer associated him-
self with Middaugh. Nov. 10, 1864, Wra. J.
Jackman purchased the material from Dr.
Crawford's estate, and the paper was published
by Greer & Jackman until March 15, 1866,
when Greer retired. Sept. 14, 1866, it passed
from Jackman to George Stroop. Sept. 12,
1867, Jackman again became editor. Oct. 3,
1867, the True Democrat was consolidated with
the Juniata Register, and the Democrat and Reg-
ister, edited by Messrs. Bonsall & Jackman,
appeared on October 9, 1867, aud they have
conducted it to this date. In the spring of
1868 it was enlarged to seven columns. On
the night of Dec. 31, 1870, the office was en-
tirely destroyed in the great conflagration.
By the courtesy of the Sentinel and Republican
offices the paper was regularly issued. In Feb-
ruary, 1871, it was enlarged to an eight-column
jiaper and printed on a Cottrell c*t Babeock
power-press.
On September 11, 1839, Jacob Myei-s, a
doctor, druggist and printer, establislied a five-
column paper, under the name of the Juniata
Valley Berichter, a German paper, and later he
changed the name to the Juniata Aurora and
the Perry and 3IiJflin County Advertiser. In the
spring of 1841 he sold his interest in the paper
to Peters & Richey, and in the fall of that year
went to the West. His printing-office was in
the rear of Captain Jonathan W. Aitkin's store,
now Dr. L. Bank's drug-store.
The Juniata Free Press was started by Sam-
uel G. Nesbit, June 23, 1831, five columns,
from whom it passed May 81, 1836, to Stephen
Cummings, who, after about a year, sold it. The
material then went into the Juniata Herald and
Anti-Masonic Democrat, started by George F.
Humes, in the fall of 1837, and continued a year
or two.
The Juniata Sentinel was a new paper, issued
first, December 9, 1846, by Alexander K. Mc-
Clure, then only nineteen years old. Professor
David Wilson, Hon. James Mathers and othoi-s
were stockholders. In March, 1852, he sold the
office to John J. Patterson, who, after one year,
sold it to A. J. Greer and E. B. McCrum, Feb-
ruary, 1853. After the fall of 1855 Greer was
sole proprietor, and in the fall of 1857 sold it to
John M. Laird and W. J. Campbell, from
whom the paper passed to Wm. W. Davis,
who soon afler associated John H. Bentley
with him. On July 23, 1862, A. L. Guss
became owner and editor. During Januarv,
1864, John J. Patterson became owner of a half-
interest, and was represented by W. W. Davis
for fifteen months. On October 11, 1865, Guss
sold the other half to Patterson, aud it was then
edited by H. H. Wilson until August, 1869,
when M. Iv. Littlefield bought it, and in turn
sold it to B. F. Schweier, June 8, 1870.
The Juniata Republican was started by Wil-
liam M: Allison & Co., April 4, 1866. The
material came fr(im D. Over, of the defunct
i Bedford Patriot. William W. Davis was the
company. August 28, 18(59, it was made a stock
enterprise, with David AVilson as editor, and
W. W. Davis as publisher and business man-
ager. March 29, 1872, Davis died and Allison
purchased his interest and assumed full control.
724
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
June 5, 1872, H. H. Wilson became associate
editor. October 10, 1873, the stock and good-
will of the association were purchased by B. F.
Sehweier, and the paper was consolidated with
the Se.idinel, and the first issue of the Juyiiata
Sentinel and Republican appeared Oct. 22, 1873,
and it is still under this name and ownership.
The Republican Banner was a campaign
paper, started September 7, 1875, by H. H.
Wilson and T. M. Moore.
The Independent was started by J. W. Sjied-
dy, January 17, 1870, out of materials removed
from Milton, Pa. ; he sold the office to E. B.
McCrura, January 8, 1876, who started the Ju-
niat'i Tribune, February 1, 1876. October 1,
1877, John M. Bowman became editor. Aug-
ust 10, 1878, McCrum sold the office to Smith,
but Bowman continued as editor till August 10,
1878, when the office was purchased by E. D.
Parker, and Theorus D. Garman became, and
still is, the editor. McCrum started the Trib-
une as a Republican paper, but it was changed
to Democratic under the present management.
The Juniata Herald was established, as a
stalwart Republican paper, in February, 1880,
by William M. Allison, attorney-at-law, who
had established the Juniata Republican in
1866, and had been connected with that paper
up to the time it was merged into The Sentinel,
in 1873. It leads the van of newspaper enter-
prise, not only in Juniata County, but in the
Juniata Valley ; is recognized as the organ of
the Republican party of Juniata, and, as such,
commands the confidence of the Republican
party of the State. It is edited with signal
ability, and its pungent criticisms keep the
dominant party in the county on its good be-
haviour. In Aug., 1883, in the last great fire
in Mifflintown, the Herald office was destroyed,
everything but the body-type of the paper
being lost, but it appeared the next week as
usual, fresher and brighter than ever. Although
the loss was a heavy one, Mr. Allison's insurance
having expired a few days before the fire, he
has managed to weather that storm, and the
Herald promises a long life of usefulness and
prosperity, under the management of its founder.
Uniox Lodge, No. 324, F. and A. M.— The
first lodge of Free and Acccjjted ]Masons that
was established in Mifflin County (now Juniata),
of which we have any record, \\as Lodge No.
68. Its warrant was granted March 21, 1796,
and it was held in Mifflin (now Mifflintown).
Its officers were Ezra Doty, M.D., W. M.; Thos.
Evans, S. W. ; and Robert Cooper, J. W. Mr.
Ezra Doty went from Mifflin to Philadelphia, in
those days a long journey, to be installed as
Master of his lodge, which ceremony was per-
formed by the Grand Master pro. fejw., on even-
ing of March 21, 1796, representatives of
Lodges Nos. 2, 9, 19, 31 and 67 being present.
Its sessions were regular until April 4, 1814,
when its charter was vacated.
The second Masonic lodge was established
in Mifflin June 6, 1825. It was called Jack-
son Lodge, and was removed to Lewistown,
and is the present Lewistown Lodge, No. 203.
The third Masonic lodge established in Mif-
flintown was Union Lodge, No. 324. Its war-
rant bears date September 6, 1858. The first
officers of this lodge were Jacob N. Dewees,
W.M. ; Wm. Dent, S. W. ; F.M. Mickey, J.W.
The charter members were Jacob N. Dewees,
William Dent, F. M. Mickey, G. M. Kulp,
William Power, C. M. Lewis, John McCloskey,
J. S. Miller, G. A. Conner, T. B. Evans, James
M. Sellers, William Bell, S. R. Notestine,
Frank Logue, Jac. Silvius, John J. Patterson,
James Reese, Lucien Kingsley, Levi Hecht.
The lodge-room, with all its contents, includ-
ing a Masonic library, together with the minutes
of the lodge from its organization, was destroyed
by the great fire that laid waste one-half of
Mifflintown, on the night of Dec. 31, 1870.
The Past Masters, by service from its estab-
lishment up to the present time, are Jacob N.
Dewees, William Dent, F. M. Mickey, John
A. Rowe, T. M. Leigh t, E. S. Parker, J. Rodgers,
P. L. Greenleaf, J. E. Hallobaugh, David Geib,
D. A. Notestine, G. L. Derr, Wm . Bell, L. W.
Doty, F. F. Rohm, H. S. Sclioll, Jacob Biedler,
J. S. Graybill, D. D. Stone, G. VV. Heck.
The lodge is one of the best working lodges
in the State, and is in a flourishing condition.
Mifflintown Lodge, No. 131, I. O. O. F.,
was chartered October 20, 1845, with the fol-
lowing officers : Tobias Kreider, N. G.; Samuel
A. Wise, V. G. ; Jacob F. Saiger, Sec. ; James
JtJNIATA COUNTY.
725
Reese, Asst. Sec; William Kerns, Treas. The
society has a present membership of one hundred
and six, with the following officers: Jacob H.
Will, N. G.; Samuel C. Monehan, V. G.; B. R.
Mitchell, Sec; J. S. Wirt, Asst. Sec; W. J.
Haines, Treas.
The first meetings of the society were held
in a building on the site of Harley's store, until
Odd-Fellows' Hall was completed. May 17,
1851, when they took possession and used until
it was destroyed by fire, December 31, 1870.
The hall was rebuilt on the site in 1872, and
has since been occupied by the society.
The following is a list of the names of Past
Grand Masters since 1877 : Thomas B. Coder,
Samuel M. Elliot, Joseph H. Long, Levi Mus-
ser, David W. Bel ford, John T. Mettlan, Jacob
G. Snyder, George Goshen, George Doughman,
Henry M. Groninger, John A. Rowe, Robert
McDonald, Tobias Kreider, Jr., John Hackin-
berger, Daniel Panabaker, E. W. H. Kreider,
Edgar Shellabarger, A.Brittan Fasick, Michael
Stoner, John V. Saylor, Jeremiah Lyons, Jacob
M. Moyer, John T. Bratton,- William F. Snyder,
Emil Schott, Benjamin R. IMilchell, James Mc-
Ciellan, Daniel F. Stevens, Wilson J. Zeiders,
Eli Farleman, Henry W. Zeiders, John M.
Garraan, Albert G. Leach, J. Wesley McCahan,
Slater W. Allen, William S. Zeiders, Evard O.
Kreider, Theophihis Heller, Norman L. Rank,
William H. Heller, George S. Conn, William
W. Ellis, William J. Marks, William H. J.
Hallman, William H. Rogers, Theorus D. Gar-
man, John S. Heekenbarger.
Lost Creek Lodge, No. 566, I. O. O. F.,
was chartered May 18, 1860, and was composed
of members from Mifflintown Lodge. Its meet-
ings were held, until the fire of December 31,
1870, in the building on the site of the Crystal
Palace building. The charter was lost in the
fire and a duplicate was granted January 6, 1871.
The society has met since June, 1871, in the
Hollabaugh building. It at present contains
forty-nine members. The present officei-s are
E. b. Warner, N. G.; T. L. Kinser, V. G.;
W. E. Auman, Sec; R. L. Guss, Treas.
The following is a list of Past Grands : Wil-
liam M. Allison, W. E. Auman, Jacob Beidler,
C. B. :^artley, S. H. Brown, G. W. Berger, E.
J. Gross, R. L. Guss, A. J. Greer, D. W. Hawk,
J. E. Hollabaugh, C. B. Horning, S. V. Kelly,
Ed. L. Kepner, Ephraim Lauver, I. W. Long,
J. C. J^Ioser, S. L. McCachren, W. A. McCa-
han, E. J. Naugle, Robert A. Reynolds, H. W.
Stahl, William Ulsh, Samuel Warner, John M.
Weimer, E. D. Warner, William A. Wise, N.
Wertheimer.
CocoLAMUS Lodge, No. 397, K. of P. —
This lodge was chartered May 22, 1873, with
ten charter members, and has at present fifty-
two members. Meetings are held in Odd-
Fellows' Hall. The present officers are : Chan-
cellor, S. E. Kinser; V. C, J. G. Hackenberger ;
Prelate, William M. Allison ; Mat. A., A. H.
Fasich ; K. of R. and S., B. R. Mitchell ; M. of
E., W. J. Zeiders; M. of F., John G. Hacken-
berger. The following is a list of the names
of the Past Chancellors: William F. Snyder, E.S.
Parker, L. W. Doty, John W. Speddy, B. F.
Schwier, Robert McMeen, C. McClellau, B. R.
Mitchell, J. R. M. Fink, John Hackenberger,
George Brindle, George Doughman, William C.
Laird, W. W. Zeiders, J. T. Bratton, A. B.
Fasick, J. B. M. Todd, William Dietrich, D. W.
Hawk, W. S. Zeiders, Jacob Beidler, Jacob Wise,
J. G. Snyder, S. B. Caveny, A. H. IMcKnight,
Philip Bishop, A. G. Leach, S. B. Loudon.
Grand Army of the Republic — Lieut.
David H. Wilson Post, No. 134. — The
preliminary meeting for the organization was
held June 19 and 26, 1879. A meeting was
held for the election of officers, and arrange-
ments made for the use of Odd-Fellows' Hall
until rooms could be fitted for use. The first
regular meeting was held July 10, 1879, and
the post organized and officei-s mustered. A
hall was fitted up in the second story of (iray-
bill's Block, and occupied September 10th in that
year, and has since been used. The Commanders
of the post have been Louis E. Atkinson, J.
W. Hughes, T. D. Garman, Cornelius McClel-
lan, William H. Rogers and S. Brady Caveny.
The present officers are : Commander, S. Brady
Caveny ; Senior Yice-Commander, H. AV.
Knisely ; Junior Vice-Commander, John Etka ;
Quartermaster, Cornelius McClellau ; Adjutant,
William M. Allison. The post has a member-
ship of one hundred and thirty-eight.
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Impeoved Order of Red Mex — Ieiquois
Tribe, No. 42. — This tribe was chartered on
the " 17th Sun of the Cold Moon, G. S. D. 380."
It has at present fifty-nine members, and meet-
ings are held in Graybill's Hall. The present
officers are ; Sachem, W. B. Thompson ; S. Saga-
more, E. L. Cramer ; Chief of Records, Albert
Hackenberger ; Keeper of Wampum, John
Hackenberger ; Prophet, W. H. McDonald ;
Representative to Great Council, J. C. Creigh ;
District Deputy Grand Sachem, Albert Hack-
enberger.
Patterson Couxcil,No. 200, 0.U. of A.M.,
M'as chartered April 16, 1869. Their meetings
have been held in Hollabaugh's building and in
Patterson until 1883, since which time they
have occupied Odd-Fellows' Hall. They have
at present fifty members.
The Odd-Fellows' Hall Association
was incorporated April 6, 1850, for the purpose
of erecting a hall for the use of societies. The
present lot was purchased and a two-story brick
building was erected, at a cost of twenty-four
hundred dollars, and completed May 17, 1851.
The second story was fitted for society uses. The
building was destroyed in the fire of December
31, 1870, and rebuilt of brick at a cost of seven
thousand dollars. The second and third floors
were fitted for lodge-rooms, aud is now occu-
pied byMifflintown Lodge, No. 131, 1. 0.0. F.,
Union Lodge, No. 354, A, Y. M., and Cocolamus
Lodge, No. 397, K. of P.
The association numbers sixty stockholders,
lodges and individuals, and Miffliutown Lodee
owns nearly one-half the stock. The officers
are T. V. Irwin, Pres. ; Williaai M. Allison,
Sec. ; Frederick Espenshade, Treas. ; T. V. Irwin,
B. R. Mitchell, W. J. Haines, Tiustees.
Manufactures — The cabinet-shop and ware-
house of William F. Snyder is located on lot
No. 17 of the original plat of the town, and was
the site of David Davidson's tavern. The lot
was purchased by John McClure of James and
William Harris, April 8, 1796, and by him
sold to David Davidson the 23d of the same
month. He kept the log tavern several years
and rented it to many. The post-office was kept
there from 1808 to 1812. In 1843, Mr. An-
thony Sandoe purchased the property and tore
down the old tavern and erected from its tim-
bers part of the present shop, and began cabinet-
making and continued many years, after which
his son-in-law, William F. Snyder, assumed
the business and still continues.
In 1867, G. H. Showers and H. S. Scholl
erected on Washington Street two buildings, —
one forty-five by thirty-two feet, three stories
in height; the other forty by thirty-two feet,
t\vo stories, — ^and began the manufacture of
buggies, phaetons, sleighs, etc. This has been
continued to the present time, and about one
huudred carriages and fifty sleighs are man-
ufactured annually.
Soldiers' Monument. — A soldiers' monu-
ment was erected, at a cost of twelve hundred
dollars, in 1871, in the park, in front of the
court-house. The shaft is about eighteen feet in
height and is surmounted by an eagle. The in-
scription is as follows :
"In memory of the Soldiers from Juniata Co., Pa.,
who died in the war of the Great Rebellion in defense
of the Union of their fathers."
A Terrific S'torm occurred in Mifflintown
and vicinity on Friday, July 11, 1879. About
four o'clock in the afternoon dense masses of
dark clouds gathered in the northwest and
southwest and approached each other, accom-
panied by rain, vivid lightning and the sharp
rattle of thuuder. About half-past four o'clock
the clouds met within a mile of the town, and,
with a mighty roar, swept towards it from west
to east. It raged for fifteen or twenty minutes
with indescribable fury, hurling down every-
thing movable, wrenching trees up by the roots,
aud buildings from their foundations. Walls
were thrown down and roofs, piazzas aud fences
were torn from their places and hurled in every
direction by the resistless force. Mrs. Criswell,
a lady of seventy-nine years of age, was the only
person killed. A heavy timber was driven end-
wise through the Allen house (in which she was
sitting), striking her on the temple, killing her
instantly. The Presbyterian Church was almost
destroyed and the Methodist and Lutheran
Churches badly damaged.
The storm passed Fermanagh township to
Lewistown, doing much damage. It was nar-
row in its range, as in Patterson but little dam-
JUNIATA COUNTY.
727
age was done. At five o'clock the sky was clear
aud the sun shining as if nothing had occurred.
CHAPTER VII.
LACK TOWNSHIP.!
The Juniata Valley region was purchased
from the Indians July 6, 1754. Settlers had been
intruding on this land before this date, and were
driven away, but they returned. At length, in
1750, the justices of Cumberland County, with
the under sheriff passed through Sherman's, Path
and Tuscarora Valleys and the Cove in Fulton
County and dispossessed the intruders. It was
at last determined to purchase this region as the
only sure method of averting serious ti'ouble.
This was effected on Albany, at the date above
given. A great many men in the Cumberland
Valley and farther eastward were ready, at the
signal, to locate upon the more desirable places.
The Land-Office for the sale of warrants did
not open until February 3, 1755 ; but the
number of settlers who had already "squatted"
in the new purchase may be inferred by the
fact that in three months after the purchase, at
the request of said inhabitants, four townships
were formed out of the new territory, of which
the following is an exact copy of the official
record :
" The Court's erection and nomination of new
Townships tother side the N Mountain.
" At a meeting of the majestrates in conjunction
with the Commissioners & Assessors of Cumberland
County at Carlyle the 23d day of October, 1754, it
was concluded that Whereas there has been an ad-
dition made to the County aforesaid by a late pur-
chase from the Indians : to erect the habitable parts
added to the said County into separate Townships
and to appoint Constables in the same for the better
regulation thereof.
" Therefore, at the request of the Inhabitants, we
do erect the settlements called the Great Cove, the
Little Cove & Cannaloes into one township, and
nominate the same the Township of Ear and we ap-
point John McMeans to act as Constable therein for
the remaining part of this current year,
" And forther, we erect the settlements called the
Path Valley into a separate Township and nominate
the same the Township of Fanet, and we appoint
A. L. Guss.
John Bard to act aa Constable therein for the remain-
ing part of the current year — and we do further erect
the settlement called Tuskerora Valey into a sepparate
Township and nominate the same the Township of
Lac, and we appoint John Johnston to act therein as
Constable for the remaining part of the current year
— and we do further erect the settlements called Sher-
man's Valley and Bufolo's creek into a separate
Township and nominate the same the Township of
Tyrone, and we appoint John Scott X. Linton to act
as Constable therein for the remaining part of the
current year.
" In testimony whereof we have hereunto snb-
scribed our hands the day & year first written
" Sam'l Smith.
" Will. Maxwell.
" John Fixly."
By the above, Tyrone township included all
the present Periy County ; Fannet embraced
Path Valley, in Franklin County ; " Ear" was
named after Ayr, in Scotland, and comprehended
the present Warren township, in Franklin
County, all of Fulton County, and with general
indefinite limits westward, embracing Bedford
County ; Lac comprehended all the Tuscarora
Valley and included part of Huntingdon Coun-
ty. It will be observed there are no lines men-
tioned. It is only stated that certain settle-
ments shall constitute the townships named.
On the 9th of July, 1755, Braddock was de-
feated, and the French and Indian ^Var ensued,
and no records are found relating to the new
townships. In 1761 there are constables' re-
turns, of " Aire " by William Lynn, and of
Fannet by James Elder. Lack is named in the
list of townships, but the space for the consta-
ble's name is left blank, which shows that few
or DO people had returned to that settlement.
On March 25, 1762, the court made the fol-
lowing appointments : Fannet, Francis ]McCon-
nell constable ; •" Aair," William Haynes consta-
ble ; Lack, Ealph Starret constable, William
Anderson and John iNIc^Mehau supervisors ;
Fermanagh, William White constable. Ander-
son aud White were killed by the Indians the
next year, on the 10th of July.
On March 25, 1763, the court made the fol-
lowing appointments : Lack, John McClelland
constable, Robert Campbell aud Robert Hous-
ton supervisors, Williaui Graham and Jolin
Erwin overseers, James Williams collector.
728
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
All the persons appointed for Lack resided
in what afterwards became Milford township.
In 1768 Lack was divided, and the lower half
was called Milford. In 1825 Lack was again
divided, and the lower half called Tuscarora.
It is bounded northward by the Black Log
Mountain, southward by the Tuscarora Moun-
tain, and eastward by Tuscarora, westward by
Tell townshij), in Huntingdon County. Shade
Mountain separates Black Log Valley, drained
by Black Log Creek into the Aughwick, from
the rest of the township. The rest of the
township is drained by the Tuscarora Creek and
its inflowing streams, the principal ones being
Willow Run (formerly Little Tuscarora),
Wood's Run and George's Creek. The town-
ship is traversed by ridges running parallel to
the mountains. The Shade Valley side and the
creek side are more thickly peopled than the
intervening ridges.
The first assessment was taken in 1763 by
William Anderson, who was killed by the In-
dians in that year. In the following lists the
reader must bear in mind that prior to 1769
Lack covers the half of the county west of the
river. These lists must be taken as part of the
history of all the townships formed out of
Lack.
Lack Township Assessment of 1763 —
Abbreviations. — In the following list, taken
from the records at Carlisle, "a" stands for
acres, '"w" for warranted, "p" for patented, "ac"
for acres cleared, " h " for horses, " c " for cows,
" s " for sheep, " uns " for unseated. The town-
ships in which the lands of the person taxed
are now situated are marked " L " for Lack,
" M " for Milford, " T " forTuscarora, "Tt" for
Turbett, " B " for Beale, " S H " for Spruce
Hill. The tax in the 1763 list is in pounds and
shillings, the latter denoted by " sh."
Arbuckle, William, lOOaw, loOa, 4sh. (At Thomas
Arbuckle's in T.)
Armstrong, William, Captain, 200aw, 7sh. (At heirs
of Jacob Koons in Tt.)
Armstrong, James, 50a, Ish. (At Jacob Groninger's
in M.)
Armstrong, John, lOOaw, 2sh. (In the Half Moon
opposite Spruce Hill.)
Anderson, William, 100a, uns, 5sh. (At John T.
Nourse's in S. H.)
Bales, John, free, 200aw. (Beale — at Enoch Beales
in S. H.)
Bretherton, William, Ish.
Bell, David, loOaw, £1, lOsh. (At John Robinson's
heirs in M.)
Bush, Samuel, lOOa, uns. Ish.
Bready, John, lOOa, uns, Ish.
Chambers, Thomas, 200a, 6sh. (Killed by Indians
at Great Island in 176.3.)
Calhoon, James, free, LSOaw. (At Jacob Aughey's in
M.)
Campbell, Robert, 400aw, 200a, ISsh. (At the mouth
of Licking Creek in M.)
Campbell, Dougal, 100a, Ish. (Adjoining the Beale-
town tract in T.)
Cunningham, William, 50a, 2sh. (At the Partner
place in M,)
Crunkelton, Robert, 200a, 3sh. (Coungleton, a squat-
ter at Sterrett's in M.)
Cristy, Widow, 200a, 3sh. (At William Wharton's
in S. H.)
Colins, John, 100a, 2sh. (At Joseph Williams' in
T.)
Cain, Charles, 100a, Ish.
Deywitt, Dowell, 50a, Ish.
Day, Joseph, 100a, 2sh. (Squatter at John P. Kel-
ly's in B.)
Deen, James, Ish.
Deleeth, Thomas, 100a, uns, Ish.
Grahams, William, 150a, 3sh. (At David Esh's in
S. H.)
Glen, John, free, lOOaw. (In right of George
Woods — tract covera the mouth of Woods Run in L.)
Grey, James, lOOa, 3sh. (At John Bennet's in S.
H.)
Grey, Widow, lOOaw, uns, Ish. (At James Oke-
son's in S. H.)
Green, Samuel, 50a, Ish. (Squatter, at James P.
Johnson's in Tt.)
Hambleton, Jean, 160a, uns, Ish. (At John Bes-
hoar's in M.)
Hardy, John, 100a, uns, Ish. (This vear near Hogg's
in S. H.)
Hunter, Charles, 100a, 4sh. (At Judge JohnKoon's
in Tt.)
Huston, Robert, 200aw, 3sh. (At J. R. Jenkins' in
M.)
Hodge, Robert, 200a, 2sh. (Hogg, at John L.
Patterson in S. H.)
Irwin, William, 50a, 2sh. (At Elder Gilliford's in
M.)
Irwin, James, 150a, 3sh. (At David Allen's, in B.)
Irwin, John, 15a, £3, lOsh. (At Abraham G. Part-
ner's in B.)
Inis, Francis, 100, uns, Ish. (At Robert Innis' at
B.)
Kenny, James, 400aw, uns, 4sh. (At Mrs. Stewart
Turbetfs in Tt.)
JUNIATA COUNTY.
729
Kenny, Charles, free, 200aw. (At Dr. G. M. Gra-
ham's farm in Tt.)
Kennedy, James, free, 200aw. (At Jonathan
Okeson's land in B.)
Litle, John, 200aw, uns, 2sh. (At Matthew Clark's
inL.)
MeGachy, William, 50a, £1, lOsh. (Probably in
Liberty Valley, now Perry County.)
McMachan, John, 200a, 4sh. (At Samuel B. Pan-
nebaker's in B.)
McClellan, John, 200a, £1, lOsh. (At Patterson
borough.)
McConnell, George, 150a, 4sh. (At Rev. J. A.
Ross' in L.)
McKnight, John, Esq., 400aw, uns, 4sh. (At John
Randolph's el. al. in T.)
McKee, Thomas, 200aw, uns, 2sh.
Morrison, John, poor. (At N. McCoy Stewart's in
T.)
Morris, William, free, 200aw. (At the first farm
above J. Shower's in T.)
Moor, Robert, free. (At David Coyle's farm in
Tt.)
Paton, John, 100a, uns, Ish. (At the Patton farm
inS. H.)
Patterson, William, 200aw, 2sh. (Opposite Mexico
inTt.)
Patterson, James, 200 aw, 2sh. (At George Beyer's
et. al. Tt.)
Pate, Jacob, 150a, 8sh. (Pyatt — Probably on heads
of Tuscarora in Huntingdon County.)
Quigley, Hugh, 100a, 3sh. (At John F. G. Long's
in S. H.)"
Ramsey, William, 150aw, 3sh.
Robinson, Alexander, 100a, uns, Ish. (This year
near Hogg's in S. H.)
Robinson, Robert, 100a, uns, Ish. (Squatter right
on the Doty farm in M.)
Robinson, Patrick, 100a, uns, Ish.
Raniston, William, 150aw, 3sh. (At Thomas Stew-
art's in S. H.)
Starrit, Ralph, 100a, 2sh. (At William Milliken's
in B.)
Swan, Widow, 200a, uns, 2sh. (AtHervey Neely's
inT.)
Shaley, Joseph, 2sh.
Scott, James, 150a, 2sh. (At Samuel Imes', late
McDonald, in B.)
Scot, John, 150a, Ish. (At Ralph Dobb's and Abra-
ham Noss' in T.)
Scott, William, 100a, uns, Ish. (At William Harfs
inT.)
Williams, James, 100a, 3sh. (At David Imes' in B.)
Williams, John, loOaw, 2sh. (Near Waterloo in L.)
Williams, John, hunter, 50a, Ish. (AtNevinPom-
eroy's land in S. H.)
Wallas. John, 100a, 3sh.
Wallas, David, 200aw, 49h. (At " Wallacetown,"
Waterloo, in L.)
Wilson, John, 50a, 2sh. (At James McKnight's
heirs in M.)
Wilson, James, 100a, uns, Ish.
Wilson, Thomas, 200a, uns, 2sh. (At Port Royal
boiough.)
West, Francis, 150a, uns. £1, lOsh. (At J. & A.
Reed's (Fort Bingham) in T.)
West, John (crossed out).
Young, James (crossed out) 200a.
lu 17G6 the court appointed for Lack : Con-
stable, George IMcConuell ; Supervisors, Hugh
Quigley, James Armstrong. In 17(37 : Con-
stable, James Christy ; Collector, Robert Camp-
bell ; for Fermanagh, James Purdy. In 1 768 :
Constable Jacob Pyate; Superviirors, William
Kirk, Robert Little ; Overseers, William Bell,
James Stone ; Collector, William Arbuckle.
The following lists for 1767 and additions for
1768 comprehend the whole west end of the
county ; the additions after that, running up to
the Revolution, include the present Lack and
Tuscarora townships.
Lack Township As.sessment of 1767. —
(Those already located in list of 1763 are
marked *), —
William Arbuckle,* William Armstrong,* John
Armstrong,* James Armstrong,* Thomas Armstrong,
John Bayle,* Thomas Boal, Andrew Bogs, William
Bell, John Blackburn, Samuel Brice, William Brice
(the town of Waterloo is on this tract), Robert
Campbell,* William Campbell, Dougal Camp-
bell,* Thomas Carr, James Calhoon,* James Chambers,
James Cristy, Dennis Cristy, John Collins,* John
Crozier, Widow Cunningham, Joseph Days,* Abra-
ham Dewitt, Paul Dewitt, James Gray,* William
Graham,* Henry Graham, John Glenn,* John Hardy,
Thomas Hardy, John Hamilton, Robert Hogg,* Cle-
ment Horrell, Charles Hunter,* Robert Hustion,*
Francis Innis,* James Irwin,* William Irwin,* James
Kennedy,* Charles Kenny,* James Kenny,* William
Kirk, John Little,* Robert Little, John Lyon, John
McClellan,* John McDowel,George McConnel,*Thom-
as McGuire, John Mclntire, John McKnight, Esq.,
James McMahon, John Mateere, Robert Moore,* Wil-
liam Morris,* Milright's Place, William Pattereon,*
John Patton,* Charles Pollock. Jacob Pyatt,* Hugh
Quigley,* Alexander Robinson (at the Doty farm in
M.), Patrick Robinson, AVilliam Rennison,* James
Scott,* Joseph Scott, William Scott,* John Scott,*
John Shaw, William Speddy (at B. Lauver's place in
M.), James Stone (at Harvey Wallace's in L.). John
Steel, merchant (at heirs of Rev. Thomas Smith, in
730
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
S. H.) ; Abraham Stamford, grist-mill, (in charge of
theThoniasBealemillin B.) ; Robert Taylor (at John
Robinson, Jr.'s, in M.), James Williams,* John Wil-
liams,* hunter, John Williams,* William "W^ilson,
John Wilson,* Thomas Wood, Francis West,* James
Wallace.
ADDITIONAL NAMES IN 1768.
Adams, Thomas.
Anderson, Thomas.
Arbuckle, John. (Adjoining William Arbuckle
in T.)
Buchanan, John. (At Joseph Sheesley's in M.)
Cochran, John. (At Irwin Stewart's, McCoysville
inT.)
Coleman, Michael.
Delief, Thomas.
Erwin, John.
Finlay, Samuel. (At Harrison Reed's in B.)
Glenn, Hugh. (At the mouth of George's Creek
inL.)
Glenn, James, free. (List of 1774 says, " adj.
Trough Spring." Later near Behel's saw-mill.)
Gammill, John. (The Peru Mills property in L.)
Hays, Adam. (Across the creek from Waterford
inT.)
Jacobs, Joseph. (Now occupied, below Hough's
in M.)
Jeflry, Thomas.
Kearsley, Jonathan. (At Calvin Barton's in L.)
Kilgore, Joseph.
Linn, James.
Lukens, John, surveyor-general. (At the Ander-
son fulling-mill in T.)
McNear, David. (At Capt. J. J. Patterson's in B.)
McDonald, Duncan. (At Thomas Stewart's in M.)
Magaw, David, on George's Creek.
Morris, John.
Porter, Stephen, attorney. (At Stephen Porter
Harlan's in T.)
Potts, John, adjoining Bigham's Gap in 1769. (At
J. W. Milliken's in T.)
Redman, James. (At the David Cunningham place
in M.)
Sando, Jacob.
Shell, John.
Stuart, Charles. (At Pleasant View in S. H.)
Weifihts, John.
Williams, Enoch. (Married the widow of John
Gray.)
Single Freemen. — William Barnes, Samuel Hender-
son, Robert Thompson, John Wilcock, Robert Coch-
ran, William Smith, Joseph Wilson.
Additional Names, 1769. — William Beal, Whar-
ton and Morgan Baynton, Captain Copeland, Daniel
Campbell, John Cook, Rev. George Duflield, at head
of Tuscarora, Ezekiel Dunning, Thomas Dobbs, David
Elder, adj. head of George's Creek, James How, Hen-
derson Harvey, Robert Livers, of Philadelphia, John
Martin, Robert Porter, William Reany, Ralph Star-
rei, John Thomas, Samuel Taylor, James Thompson,
David Wilson, William Wallace.
Single Freemen. — William Barnes, James Curran,
James Glenn, William Morris, James Spencer, Wil-
liam Spencer, Simon Tufl'ry, William Tuffry, Andrew
Watts.
Additional Names, 1770. — Thomas Bale, adj. John
Gammel, James Corran, John Crawford, Widow Doug-
lass, Christly Erwin (Christopher Irwin), John,
Glenn, Benjamin Jolly, Thomas Jeflries, John Kears-
ley, Thomas Lennox, William Morris, saw-mill,
John Morrison, Henry Thompson, Joseph Tull.
Additional Names, 1771. — Widow Armstrong,
poor, John Brumfield, Alexander Blaine, Benjamin
Gailey (Gaily), John Harvey, William McConnell,
Samuel Scott, adj. Bigham's Gap, Hannah Steen,
William Williams, Benjamin Wallace.
Additional Names, 1772. — Charles Adams, David
Bail, John Bail, William Brco, Thomas Blair, unset-
tled (it was uncertain whether Blair lived in Lack
township or not), William Harvey, Neal McCoy,
Richard Murrey, John Rollins, Arsbell White, Wil-
liam Wisiey.
Single Freemen. — Thomas Dyes, AVilliam Morris,
Nathan Burney, William and James Spencer, William
and John Harvey.
AdditionalNames, 1773.~Barnabas Barnes, Joseph
Gordon, James Hervey, Mary Killough, John Mahan,
William Neely, Joseph McFarland, John Stuart,
William Smith, Andrew Watts.
Single Freemen. — David Beals, Thomas Johnston,
Neal McCoy, William Morris, Edward Githins, Wil-
liam Jones, John McMahon, at George McConnell's,
Barnabas Nahan, Jonathan Hotten, Michael McCol-
lum.
Additional Names, 1774. — John Fleming, Andrew
Ferrier, James Glenn, adj. Trough Spring, William
Gustin, Nathaniel Innis, Picket Jones, Robert Magaw
on Wood's Run, Joseph Wilford, Thomas White.
Additional Names, 1775. — John Anderson, Sr.,
John Anderson, Jr., Robert Arthur, Samuel Bell, Wil-
liamBlack, James Black, William Campbell, Jr., Henry
Carson, John Calvert, Robert Croan, James Fulton,
William Giffin, George Goosehorn, Amos Hoops,
Ezra Hoops, John McConnell, James McCutcheon,
James McGlaughlin, Thomas Martin, John Mans-
field, Jesse Mersey, James Miller, John Mortland,
John Morgan, John Murray, Thomas Patton, James
Reed, Samuel Shannon, John Smiley, William
Walker, Robert Walker, Jeremiah Warder, Alexan-
der Wilson.
Additional Names, 1776. — John Agnew, Esq., An-
drew Ervin, Robert Grey, John Gill, John Harris>
Dennis Hannigan, Andrew Isinminger, John Kelley
John Knox, James Larrimore, Daniel Loughreyi
Dominic McNeil, Amos Miser, Samuel Martin, John
JUNIATA COUNTY.
731
Potter, Jonathan Robinson, Moses Starr, James Stack-
pole, William Stewart, George Woods.
Sinijle Freemen. — Brice Collins, Daniel Campbell,
William Harvey, John Morgan, Abel Morgan, John
McMahan, Jr., .Tames McFetter, Michael Patterson,
John Smiley, Archibald Smiley, Robert Swaine,
James Wilson.
County and Township Lines. — It will be
remembered tliat Lack at its formation had no
specified limits. It was the settlement called
" Tuscarova." The mountains at each side gave
it shape on the south and north. The forma-
tion of Milford limited it on the east. The west
end was undefined and long uncertain. It is
very probable that the limits between Lack
and Ayr were on the dividing waters running
into the Tuscarora and Aughwick. The for-
mation of Dublin township, in 1767, is so
imperfectly defined as to the eastern limits that
nothing can be determined by it. It was to
bound " Ayr and Fannet townships on the one
side," but Lack is not mentioned, and there are
no dividing lines as to Ayr or Lack. The first
Dublin assessment, in 1768, shows no transfer
of names from Lack. The only thing that
places any part of Dublin east of the Shade
mountain is that it was to join on Fannet, which
lay on the other side of the Tuscarora Mountain.
It is probable that the Tell township waters
draining into the Tuscarora Creek were still
regarded as part of Lack. One of these streams
is called Trough Spring.
That Lack extended, for many years, much
farther up the valley than the present limits of
the township and county is very apparent from
the tax-lists and records of the Land-Office and
the county surveyor's office.
The original idea that Lack was to take in
the whole Tuscarora settlement was not inter-
fered with by an}i:hing on the west prior to
the formation of Bedford County, in 1771, and
as this line was never run, it is probable that
most of the few scattered settlers in this region
still regarded themselves as in Lack." After the
act of April 1, 1791, defining the "north line,"
more began to fall into their proper townships ;
but it was not until the line was surveyed under
the act of March 29, 1792, that all knew in
which county and township they actually lived.
By the division of Dublin, forming Teli, in
1810, the ancient seats of these pioneers, so long
undefined, fell into the latter township. So it
may be truly said, that although Huntingdon
is recorded as all taken from Bedford County,
yet it did take a slice of what was locally
regarded as still a part of " old mother Cumber-
land."
Taxable Industries. — The tax lists of
Lack from 1763 to 1831 show assessments on
the following in addition to lands and stock.
Those that fell into Tuscarora in 1826 are
marked "T."
GRIST-MILLS.
Anderson, Enoch, 180.5.
Anderson, James, T., 1787-1800.
Arbuckle, John, 1787.
Beale, David, T., 1775-1828.
Beale, Joshua and Jesse, T., 1829-31.
Fahnestock, John, T., 1829-31.
Ferrier, Andrew, 1779-82.
Ferrier, John, 1790-1803.
Kelly, William, 1820-22 (Waterloo).
Laughlin, Thomas, 1796-1800.
Lyon, James, 1820-22.
Magaw, Robert,. 1783-87.
Morris, William, 1771-73.
Morrow, Thomas, 1783.
McConnell, Thomas, 1810.
McCoy, Neal, Jr., T., 1830-31.
McOuUoch, Samuel, T., 1809-31.
Patterson, John, 1811-14 (Peru).
Patterson & Lyon, 1815-16.
Piftterson & Co., 1817-19.
Patterson, John, 1823-25.
Patterson & Morrow, 1826-28.
Patterson, Robert & James, 1830-31.
Patterson, John, 1823-25 (Waterloo).
Patterson, William H., 1826-31.
Shaver, Peter, 1795.
Shnell, John, Sr., 1795-97.
Walker, Robert, 1776-78.
Wallick, Samuel, T., 1809-28.
Wharry, Thomas, Sr., 1799-1815.
fulling-mills.
Anderson, James, T., 1817-31.
Anderson, Thomas, 1783-95.
Cook, Christian, 1811-25.
Cook, Ellas, 1826-31.
Kirk, James, Sr., 1823-31.
McConnell, Thomas, Sr., 1809-15.
Reed, John, T., 1811-24, and 1827-31 (now Cook,
1831).
Reed, John and Jacob Seibert, T., 1825-26.
MERCHANTS.
Anderson, Enoch, 1806.
732
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Fahnestock, John, T., 1828-29.
Kelly, William, 1818-19.
Lyon, James, 1816-20, & Co., 1819.
McCulloch, George, T., 1811-14, 1823-24.
McCulloch, Samuel, T., 1803, '06, '16,'22-'28.
McCulloch, S. & Joseph Laird, T., 1829-31.
Okeson, William, T., 1828.
Patterson, William H., 1825-31.
Thompson, James, 1819.
Wallace, Beujamiu, 1795, '97, '98.
Wallick, Samuel, T., 1816-18.
Wonderlich, John, T., 1830.
SAW-MILLS.
Anderson, Enoch, 1805.
Anderson, James, T., 1817-31.
Anderson, Thomas, 1783-1800.
Beale, David, T., 1778-1831.
Biaron, John & D. W. Hillings, 1831.
Fahnestock, John T., 1829-31.
Ferrier, Andrew, 1779-80.
Kelly, William, 1819-22.
Laughlin, Thomas, 1799.
Lyon, James, 1820-22.
Magaw, Robert, 1783.
Morris, William, 1770-73.
McConnell, Thomas, Sr., 1810-15.
McCoy, Neal, Jr.,T., 1829-31.
McCulloch, Samuel, T., 1809-31.
McKee, John, 1826-29.
Okeson, William, T., 1829-31.
Patterson & Co., 1817-19 (Peru).
Patterson, John, 1823-25.
Patterson & Morrow, 1826-28.
Patterson, Robert & James, 1830-81. •
Patterson, John, 1823-25 (Waterloo).
Patterson, William H., 1826-31.
Reed, John, 1811-16.
Rhine, George, 1817-31.
Shnell, John, Sr., 1795-1801.
Stewart, Thomas, 1805.
Vance, William, Jr., 1820-25.
Walker, Robert, 1776-78.
Wallick, Samuel, T., 1809-28.
Wharry, Thomas, Sr., 1801-5.
Wilson, William, 1809-10.
CARDING-MACHINES.
Anderson, James, 1820-27.
Cook, Christian, 1820-25.
Cook, Elias, 1826-27.
Kirk, James, Sr., 1826-29.
McCulloch, Samuel, 1820-25.
OIL-MILL.
Beale, Joshua & Jesse, T., 1829-31.
TANNERS.
Anderson, Enoch, T., 1817-31.
Anderson, Enoch, Jr., T., 1818-29.
Anderson, John, T., 1806-31.
Cook, Christian, 1816-25.
Cook, Peter, 1823-31.
Doty, Amos, 1800.
Hart, Hugh, Jr., T., 1819-31.
Inuis, Joseph, 1816-31.
Isinminger, Andrew, 1780.
Laughlin, Matthew, T., 1821-31.
Magill, William, 1811-25.
McVitty, Thomas, 1811-15.
Oyster, Peter, 1800-t.
Wright, William, 1815-17.
DISTILLERIES.
Beale, David, 1786.
Black, Robert, T., 1810.
Boggs, John, Sr., 1796.
Boggs, Joseph, 1813.
Brice, William, 1789, '94, '97.
Brown, William, 1782-83.
Carson, Henry, 1794-95.
Diviney, John, 1819-20.
Dobbs, John, T., 1829-31.
Douglass, James, 1827.
Douglass, William, 1810-13.
Ferrier, Andrew, 1782.
Ferrier, James, 1796-97.
Ferrier, John, 1794-1804.
Forbes, James, 1812.
Frederick, Nicholas, 1805-10.
Hart, William, 1794-95.
Headdon, Noah (2), 1811-22.
Isinminger, Andrew, 1797-98.
Jacobs, Benjamin, 1824.
Kirk, William, Sr. (2), 1812-13.
Knox, John, 1790-98.
Lyon, James, 1820-22.
Magill, Robert, 1817-22.
Martin, John, 1816-18.
Moore, John, 1805.
McClure, John, 1817.
McCulloch, Samuel, T., 1797-1831.
McDonald, Samuel, 1794.
McElroy, Thomas, 1789-90.
McKee, Robert, 1831.
Nevill, James, 1792.
Owens, Daniel, 1826-29.
Owens, Daniel & Nancy, 1825.
Patterson, John, 1823-25.
Patterson, William H., 1825-31.
Ross, John, 1779-80.
Shaver, John, 1794-98.
Shnell, John, Sr., 1792-97.
Snow, Jacob, 1796-98.
Thompson, John (2), 1810-15.
Van Swearingen, Evan, T. (2), 1805-19 (1), 1829-
31.
Van Swearingen, Thomas, 1794-96.
Wallace, Benjamin, 1798.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
733
Wallick, Samuel, T. (2), 1809-28.
Wcklon, Patrick, 180.5-19.
Wharry, Thomas, Sr., 1792-1803.
Williams, William, 1783-89.
Woods, William (Irish), 1792.
INNS OE TAVERNS.
Barkley, Cornelius, 1828.
Conn, George, T., 1831.
Douglass, William & Bartley, C, T., 1826-28.
Fahnestock, Johu, T., 1831.
Gardner, James, 1810.
Gorshorn, Robert, 1818.
Ltiird, William, T., 1823-28.
Mettlen, Samuel, 1820.
McCoy, Thomas, T., 1831.
Patton, Joseph, 1820.
Rice, Peter, 1818.
Shnell, John. Sr., 1800.
Wallace, Benjamin, 1796.
Wilson, John, 1820.
Wilson, John & Fagan, 1818.
Early Settlers.— Leaving the Peter
Shaver lands, at Waterford, we have, first, to
the right hand of the road, in a loop next the
creek :
William Kirk, two hundred and sixty acres,
occupied already in 1767. In later days one
hundred and sixteen acres went to Joseph Mc-
Meens and William Wallace, now Kough and
Hockinberry ; one hundred and sixteen acres to
A. J. Ferguson, now partly David Moyer ; while
about twenty-seven acres belong to Isaac Kirk's
heirs.
Andrew Terrier had a tract southwest of
Shaver's, on the stream that comes out of Horse
Valley. He was there in 1774. The foundry
and plow-factory of G. W. Kough is proba-
bly on this tract. Just above the foundry
about one hundred yards, at the head of the dam,
there formerly stood the fulling-mill and card-
ing-maehines of James Kirk, Sr., 1826 and
later. Close to the site of the fulling-mill
James Garner had his sickle-mill in 1799. A
few rods above there are the remains of an old
dam, older than the fulling-mill, and not used
for it. It is probable that this sickle-mill was
also the location of the Morris, Walker, Ferrier,
Magaw, Shaver grist-mill.
John Harvey, on the left of the road, west
of the town, one hundred and forty-four acres,
April 28, 1767 ; sold, May 21, 1789, to Archi-
bald Watts, of Toboyne. Alexander Mclntyre
got one hundred and twenty-one acres of this
land, which composes the present farm of Lem-
uel Ramsey; and Thomas Jiracken got thirty
acres. In 1803 there was a saw-mill where
Bracken's part joined the run.
John Shnell owned the tract on the run, just
above the Mclntyre part of Harvey's tract.
Here, about a fourth of a mile above the
foundry, at a high bank, and in the very edge
of the Alill Run, is a remarkably well-preserved
stone wall ; it is three or four feet wide, six feet
high and forty feet long. It stands eight feet
from the bank. There can be no doubt that
this is the place that Shnell had his grist and
saw-mills, taxed in 1795.
James Stone, one hundred and twenty-six
acres, April 20, 1763, called "Litharge," ad-
joining William Kirk and Bracken to the east ;
now Herman Hockenberry and Harvey AA'al-
lace. James Stone had seventy-five acres ad-
joining this tract surveyed October 8, 1765.
His son, John Stone, took up three tracts
towards the mountain.
Captain John Little, or Lytle, one hundred
and ninety- four acres, June 10, 1762, on both
sides of the creek; surveyed in 1768 by George
Woods; sold to Samuel Shannon in 1772; Ed-
ward Thatcher, 1778, and his wife, Sarah, to
1796 ; later, Larrimoi'e, and then John Wood-
sides ; now, Matthew Clark, residing on the
north side of the creek.
Captain John Lytle took out a Avarrant for
two hundred acres October 17, 1767; now
Daniel Thatcher's, John Burns' and Matthias
Stump's land, on the Lytle tract ; and on the
Thatcher part there were eight or ten acres
cleared at an early day by one Woods (tradition
says it was George Woods, being on the heads of
Woods' Run). It was early abandoned, and to-
day is covered with tall oak timber.
George Woods was taken by Indians when
Fort Bigham was burned ; his companion was
shot. Woods is said to have been a man of
fine -education and a good surveyor. He was
taken with the others to Kittanniug, and after
running the gauntlet, was adopted into the tribe,
assigned to one John Hutson, who had Jennie
Gray, and was taken to Pittsburgh and there
he was delivered " to the French Governor,
Y34
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Mods. Duquesne." The story of Woods marry-
ing Mrs. Gray is not trustworthy. Woods is
said to have taken his captivity little to heart,
to have bargained with Hutson for his release,
agreeing to give a yearly payment of ten pounds
of tobacco during life to the Indian, and which
was regularly called for by him for many years.
However this may be, Woods got back, and af-
terwards removed to Bedford, where he became
a man of considerable prominence, and was the
father-iu-law of United States Senator James
Ross, who ran against McKean and Snyder for
Governor. Woods was one of the surveyors
that laid out Pittsburgh. Tiie great business
street is named "Wood Street" after him.
Tench Francis, agent of the Penns, employed
Woods to lay ont the town into lots, and for this
purpose he moved from Bedford to Pittsburgh,
in May, 1784, where he reared a large family
and lived to a ripe old age.
George Woods, July 20, 1762, took up a
large tract on both sides of the creek, and cover-
ing the mouth of a run on the north side.
John Glenn held two hundred and seventy-
eight acres of this land west of Lytle. He
also warranted sixty-six acres on the right of
Woods, March 28, 1767, called "Panama."
David Glenn held one hundred and fifty-one
acres of Woods' tract (1815-38). In 1820
William Glenn held ninety-nine acres, later
John Woodsides, and Robert Browii the other
part (thirty acres) in 1838, M'ho also then got the
survey of Robert Brice, one hundred and thirty-
six acres, September 1, 1767. William Show-
ers now lives here on tlie north side, and
William Robison and Alexander Wallace, late
John Woodsides, on the south side of the creek
The stream emptying into the creek on the
north side through this tract is called " Woods'
Run."
Alexander Mclntyre, one hundred and
ninety-four acres, June 4, 1762, adjoining John
Glenn and George McConnell, now Alexander
Eaton. This was John McTntyre's place. The
Cooney tract, so called from a blacksmith, Peter
Cooney (1815-28), is now occupied by James
Gray, one of the nine sons of Joseph Gray, all
of whom were in the army.
George McConnell in 1763 held a large
tract, part of which is now held by Mrs. Ezra
Montgomery and George W. Armstrong. The
lower part, three hundred and three acres, was
warranted by his son, James McConnell, March
9, 1787, now Rev. J. A. Ross. On the north
side of the creek Robert Wright had one hun-
dred and fifty acres, November 7, 1785.
Thomas Woods, two hundred and twenty
acres, February 3, 1755, on both sides of the
creek. John Wallace had one hundred and
twenty-two acres. Half of each tract (one
hundred and seventy-one acres) went to William
Neely (1772), and the other half to John Har-
vey. Harvey's lands now belong to Samuel
and Joseph Simonton, and Neely's part, later
(1821) James Neely, now Robert Robison.
George Woods held a tract, the southern part
of which now belongs to John Leonard, while
W. H. Gallagher occupies the northern part.
The small stream emptying into the Tuscarora
Creek is called " George's Creek."
John Wilson, forty-one acres, December 2,
1766; James Harvey, one hundred acres. May
20, 1786, sold by William Brice, tuner, Feb-
ruary 21, 1800, to William Neely; William
Neely, thirty-five acres, May 21, 1790; John
Johnson, a part, November 9, 1809 ; Manasses
Ramsey, a part, January 2, 1810. These parts
of larger surveys comjiosed the Arbuckle or
Alexander tract. The John Neely part of Wil-
liam Neely, and part of the Johnson tract
formed the tract of John Magee and Achia, his
wife. John Wright also had a tract February
22, 1785. The Arbuckle tract now belongs to
John Leonard and Esquire Henry Titzel.
William Brice, two hundred and ninety-one
acres, December 2, 1766. This is called a "lo-
cation." On this tract are the village of Water-
loo and Williams' grist-mill and lands of Ja.son
Robison, John H. Little, Ezra Montgomery and
Absalom Rice.
Above Brice, on the creek, are three surveys
— David Wallace, two hundred and two acres,
February 21, 1755; James McCracken, one
hundred and forty-six acres, March 25, 1763;
and David Wallace, eighty-three acres, IMarch
25, 1763. The last-named is now Absalom
Rice and John H Blair. The McCracken tract
is Rice, Blair and Mrs. Dr. Maclay, nie Pome-
JUiNIATA COUNTY.
735
roy. The early warrant of Wallace proves he
had an eye for good land. The region about
his lands used to be called " AVallacetown," be-
fore Waterloo was laid out.
David Wallace, May 14, 1767, a tract of
which he sold twenty-eight acres to John Brown.
It lies at the north end of Waterloo Bridge.
Arks were formerly built on the Tuscarora, as
far up as Waterloo.
David Gleini, for fifty-five acres, December
2, 1767, called "Acheron," situated "on a run,
including a large deer lick." This tract was
enlarged to two hundred and thirty-one acres,
and the well-known voting-place, Lick School
House, is on it. He also had a tract of one
hundred and sixty acres, June 28, 1786, on a
corner jutting up to Joseph Douglass, with
James McCutcheon above, and John Cook
across the stream ; McCutcheon, one hundred
and eighty-five acres, December 21, 1768;
now Samuel Woodside's heirs. On July 28,
1761, Governor Hamilton issued a procla-
mation, otfering one hundred pounds for the
arrest of the person who, on or about the 24th
of June last, fatally wounded a certain Indian
called Thomas Hickman, of the Delaware tribe,
with a rifle or fusee, near a deer lick in the valley of
Tuscarora, in the county of Cumberland, of which
said wound he shortly after died. It is supposed
that the act was committed by a white man with
intent to murder said Hickman, notwithstanding
his well-known constant friendship and attach-
ment to the English during the whole course of
the war, which greatly aggravates the horror
and wickedness of the deed.
Above the Tuscarora township line, in the
valley next Shade Mountain, is the survey of
John Bell, the founder of a well-known family;
now Joseph Bell and others.
Thomas Mcllroy, three hundred and thirty-
seven acres, May 6, 1768 ; near McKnight on
the south ; now James Barton and Thomas
Murphy.
Patrick Murphy made an improvement which
was held by him and his children until a recent
date without a warrant; now William Thomp-
son and others. It extended west to John
Gemmil.
Robert Levers, of Philadelphia, warranted
three hundred and twenty-seven acres, which
later was increased to four hundred and three
acres, June 4, 1762, on Woods' Run. This tract
is now owned by J. C. Burns and W. I. Wilson.
The county line crosses it. Matthias Campbell,
two hundred and thirty-seven acres, on the
county line, south of Levers. I]ast of this and
south of Levers was William White, one hun-
dred and five acres ; and farther east Thomas
Shaidvs, two hundred and sixty-four acres.
The name of Captain John Brady, in 1763,
in Lack, is pretty conclusive evidence that he
was then living there. He had no warrant for
the tract, and was probably here for a short pe-
riod after leaving Shippensburg, and before he
settled opposite Standing Stone. He afterwards
moved to the West Branch and became a noted
Indian fighter, as did also all his sons.
William McMuUen, pf Lack township, served
in Proctor's Pennsylvania artillery regiment in
the Revolution ; died about 1622.
PERU MILLS.
The tract on which Peru ]\Iills is situated was
warranted to John Gemmill September 13,1762;
one hundred and fif\y acres. Gemmill sold the
tract to AVilliam Goff, who sold it to Thomas
Proviauce, and he sold it to John Ferrier in
September, 1798.
On Willow Run, formerly Little Tuscarora,
four miles below Peru Mills, lived one Thomas
Wharry, who had on the run a small grist-mill
from 1799 to 1816. Above this, on the same
run, about three miles below Peru Mills, about
1785, Henry Thompson sold John Ferrier his
" improvement " right to a tract then " adjoin-
ing the surveyed line of Ralph Starrett," where
F. Vawu now lives. His father, Andrew Fer-
rier, lived near by. Here they erected a small
grist-mill, for which John is taxed as early as
1790. In 1792 Andrew Ferrier, while attend-
ing court at Lewistown, slept in a bed, the cloth-
ing of which the tavern-keeper had purchased
at auction in Philadelphia, and which was in-
fected with yellow fever. Ferrier and a num-
ber of others in this vicinity took the fever and
died, and they were buried on this old mill
property. His son John carried on the grist-
mill for some years. Finally, after he purchased
736
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the Peru projierty, he built a mill on it, about
1799. John Patterson came into possession of
this property in 1810. In 1812 Patterson re-
built the mill, and erected a saw-mill in 1816.
The grist-mill was since rebuilt. A post-office
was established here in 1850, and the name
Peru Mills was given to it, that name having
been previously given to the place by Mr. Pat-
terson. His son, William H., was postmaster
till 1858, and his brother John has held the po-
sition ever since. James Lyon was partner of
Merchant John, and kept the store as early as
1816. There has been a store here most of the
time since, and continuously since 1846. In
1846 a large tannery was built here, the owners
of which were W. H. Patterson & Co., then
Mathers & Patterson, then W. H. & John Pat-
terson, then Patterson & Van Dyke, and then
John Patterson. It closed in 1872. When in
its most flourishing condition this factory tanned
out as many as eleven thousand sides of sole-
leather in a year. The extensive works are
now decaying, but the grist and saw-mills and
a store, a couple of good residences and some of
the old tenant-houses still serve to make Peru
Mills a spot of some note in the upper end of
this county. William R. Van Dyke, above-
named, was killed at the battle of Dranesville,
and his son at the battle of Spottsylvania. After
a long, weary ride it is a pleasure to stop with
the venerable John Patterson, last living son of
Merchant John Patterson, and sit at his feet to
hear the " traditions of the elders," of which he
knows more than any man now living in the
county.
Public Schools. — Lack township has
eleven schools. Tiiey are all frame buildings.
1. North Point, stands on lands of Matthew
Dougherty. 2. Rick Hill, on lands of Rob-
ert Silvex'thorn. 3. Cross-Keys, near the
Lack post-office. These three are in Shade
Valley. 4. Lick, on the lands of ex-Sher-
iff Walls. 5. Barton's. 6. Rhine's. These
three supply the intervening ridges between
Shade Valley and the creek. 7. Wallace's, so
called from William Wallace, the former owner
of the land. 8. McCounell's, so called from
John McConnell. 9. Waterloo. There are
two public schools in Black Log. The lower
one is called the Lauver school-house, being
on David Lauver's farm. The upper one is
called Smith's, and is on George Hoffman's
land. They are both frame buildings.
About 1808 there was a school-house of pine
poles near the site of Upper Tuscarora Church.
It was used for a number of years, when the
young men made a raid upon it one night and
carried the poles to the Tuscarora Creek and set
them afloat. The next house was of logs and
gave place to a frame, which in turn was replaced
in 1858, by the present house in Waterloo. Some
of the teachers were Noah Elder (uncle of
Judge Noah), Richard Templeton, David
Hutchinson, David S. Ferguson, Thomas Price
and Nathan Fish.
In the northern part of the township a house
was built of round poles, in M'hich John Keys
and David Hutchinson taught. In 1820 a lar-
ger house was built near the same site, and Na-
than Fish, a one-armed man, taught ; also
George Deviney and Matthew Clark. William
Kerr kept school in an old house that stood in
William Neely's orchard about 1813 ; also Peter
Miller, Sr. About 1820 David Hutchinson,
David Ferguson and Robert Goshorn taught in
a school-house near Mattiiew Clark's saw-mill
David Glenn, Esq., started it. Thomas Roles,
about the same period, taught in a house near
the residence of William Behel. Another old
building near Jacob Shearer's was used as a
school-house by Hutchinson, Ferguson and De-
viney. In 1818 William McKinney taught in a
house on the Peru farm. The Bartons built a
school-house at an early day on their place. On
the bank near a good spring on the farm of
Robert Pollock, now Vaughn, stood an old
house used for a school ; James Gray and
Thomas Thornburg were teachers. Joseph
Gray was an old teacher and one of the first
board of directors. The number of children
in Lack attending schools in 1884 was three
hundred and sixty-five.
Lack township has produced some men who
have gone forth to enlighten other regions.
Samuel Barton became prominent in the State
Educational Department of Kentucky. Mor-
row Campbell, of near Waterloo, became active
in the schools of Pittsburgh, and had two sons
JUNIATA COUNTY.
737
enter the ministry of the Presbyterian Church.
William Van Dyke, when eighteen years of age,
was the fir^t to enter the rebel entrenchments at
Spottsylvania and was killed in the second ad-
vance at a point where the very trees were cut down
by the bullets. The McCutcheons, of Water-
loo, went to Illinois and Missouri and became
noted in various stations. Robert Wallace had
sons who made their mark, one being a profes-
sor in the University at Wooster, Ohio.
Lack Post-Offick. — One mile and a half
west of Peru Mills there is a hamlet commonly
called " Cross-Keys," which has a post-office
kept by Samuel Markle. It was established in
1863, and given the name Lack. A small
store is kept here. The Presbj'terian Church,
built in 1867, is situated near by — Rev. L. L.
Houghawout, present jjastor. The land at
Lack is on the survey of W. H. Patterson, in
right of Patrick Divinney, and called " Col-
raine." Near Lack is a church, built in 1850,
by the Lutherans, called Willow Grove, but
which has been used by the Methodists for ten
years past, and served from the Concord Cir-
cuit. There is a grave-yard adjoining this
church.
An Old Presbyterian Church. — There
was at an early day a Presbyterian Church in
Lack township, at what is now known as the
McWilliams grave-yard, about three miles
above Waterford. It was a small log house,
and once supplied the place of the Upper and
Middle Tuscarora Presbyterian Churches. The
grave-yard is still used for burials and is one of
the oldest in the county. The history of this
church is lost, but it was probably used until
the churches were built at Waterloo and Mc-
Culloch's Mills, which was about 1802.
^VATEItLOO.
Waterloo is a small town in the extreme
southwestern corner of Lack township. A post-
office was established about 1820, and William
C. Kelly became the firet postmaster. Other
postmastere have been William H. Patterson,
.losiah McMeen, George Noss, Robert Robinson,
J. Robison, G. W. Campbell. The village has
one store, and was formerly noted for the manu-
facture of wind-mills. The academy built by
17
William Campbell, after being used for a few
years as a school, wa.s converted into a Pres-
byterian parsonage and is still so used. In this
town is the Upper Tuscarora Presbyterian
Church, the pa.stor of which serves this point
and Peru and Shade Gap. The following-
named persons have been pastors of this church :
Rev. Alexander Mcllwaine, 1799-1807; Rev.
Samuel Bell (first pastor at " Little Augh-
wick," Shade Gap), 1808; Rev. George Gray,
182.5-49; Rev. William S. Morrison, 1853-57 ;
Rev. G. W. Van Artsdalen, 1860-64 ; Rev. J.
E. Kearns, 1865-80; Rev. Arthur; Rev. L.
L. Houghawout, 1883.
William Short, who died in 1884, was a pio-
neer in the Waterloo Jlethodist Episcopal Church.
He and a few others worshipped in a little log
church five miles north of Waterloo, built at the
instance of James Pollock. About 1836, Colo-
nel (Jeorge Noss and wife, joined the church
at INIitchell's camp-meeting. For some time
they held services in the school-house. Their
aggressive spirit met with stormy opposition ;
and to render themselves independent. Short,
Noss and others determined to build a church.
Noss gave the ground for the church and grave-
yard. Tlie frame house, thirty by forty feet,
was dedicated in 1842, James Brads and Frank-
lin Dyson being the preachers in charge at that
time. In 1858 the building was much im-
proved and reseated. Since 1843 the following
have been senior preachers on the Concord Cir-
cuit : Elisha Butler, George W. Deems, George
Stevenson, Joseph N. Spangler, Robert Beers,
Cambridge Graham, Amos Smith, N. S. Buck-
ingham, Frederick E. Creaver, Reuben E.
Kelly, James M. Clark, Joseph R. King, An-
drew E. Taylor, Seth A. Creveling, W. W.
Dunmire, William Schriber, George A. Singer,
Joseph A. Ross, Edmund White, A. W. Decker,
C. T. Dunning, I^evi S. Crone.
Christian Cook and his son Elias carrietl on
a fulling-mill and carding-machine in the Con-
cord Narrows from 1811 to 1831, when the
latter removed to Reed's Gap.
BLACK LOG.
Black Log Valley is a long, narrow depres-
sion, scooped out of the crest of an elevation,
738
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the rims of which are known as Shade Moun-
tain on the east and Bhick Log Mountain on tlie
west. The eastern prolongation of the reunited
anticlinal axis is also called Shade Mountain.
The denudation in Black Log has cut down to
the lower limestone strata, and exposed a strip
of good soil. The upper eastern end of this
valley is in Juniata County, the other portions
in Huntingdon. The Juniata part is inhabited
for a distance of eight miles, the upper habita-
tion being a little east of opposite Reed's Gap.
There are in it two post-offices, one at Oppel-
ville, so called from an educated German far-
mer who lives there and keeps the office. The
other, called Black Log, is farther up the val-
ley, and G. \\\ Hoffman is jjostmaster. They
were both established in July, 1883. The
German Baptists have a meeting-house on
Charles Clock's farm, at a grave-yard, said to
be the oldest in the valley. There is a Method-
ist Episcopal Church at Oppelville, built prin-
cipally by Mr. Shiudle as a Lutheran Church,
and so used while he was running the tannery,
near by which there is also a grave-yard.
The church at Oppelville was at one time used
for a school. The act of April 2, 1852,
made Black Log Valley, composed of parts
of Lack and Tuscarora townships, a separate
election district, and fixed the election polls at
Centre school-house.
A large tannery was built in the valley in
1846 by Shindle & Stonebreaker, who were
succeeded in order by Lease & McVitty, Sam-
uel Boblits in 1856, Maffett & Shearer in
1863, who closed in 1867. The lumbering
business has conducted, and in later years the
steam saw-mill has accelerated the devastation
of the ancient forests. As the timber disap-
pears, the people give more attention to agricul-
ture. Nearly all of these Black Log lands
were warranted about 1794. Most of the
owners were non-residents. Many years ago
a family named Biaron moved from the city to
the valley and put up the frame of a large house,
but never occupied it. John Biaron and D. W.
Hulings had a saw-mill in the valley as early as
1831.
There are two early surveys which deserve
notice. Francis Innis, Jr., took up a tract of
three hundred and five acres March 12, 1786,
surveyed the 18th following, "on the I'oad from
Carlisle to the Standing Stone," now called the
" Kearney Path." East of this was a survey
made at the same time, by William Harris, to
Stephen Champaigue. Innis was some years a
captain among the Indians, and at the French
forts in Canada acquired considei-able education.
He was fond of the wild life and was quite a
rover. He served all through the Revolution,
and after the closing siege at Yorktown returned
with two French companions, Champaigne and
Bouderez. They figured in lands in Tuscarora,
Black Log and at Shade Gap. Afterwards
Champaigne returned to France and left his
Black Log lands to his companion, who, in
turn, gave the tract to one Kearney, whose
house was a landmark on the division line on
the formation of Tuscarora township.
Tuscarora Sleeping-Place. — Secretary
Peters, in 1750, spoke of Sherman's Valley,
" through which the present road goes from
Harris's Ferry to Alleghany." John Harris, in
1753, passed over this Traders' road. From
Andrew Montour's he came nine miles to Tus-
carora Hill, then three miles to Thomas Mitch-
ell's sleeping-place, then fourteen miles to Tus-
carora, then ten miles to Cave (not Cove) Spring,
or Trough Spring, above Silverthorn's Mills,
and eight miles more to the Shades of Death,
now close to Shade Gap. Some of these points
have caused much speculation, and have never
been successfully located or explained. We are
concerned principally in " Tuscarora." There
was a place near the mouth of Path Valley, — that
is, near Waterloo, — called the " Tuscarora Sleep-
ing-Place," as appears by an application for
land said to be near it. Harris liad just named
one " Sleejjing- Place," and it is evident that the
" Tuscarora " is simply another one of these
traders' cabins. We are of the opinion that it
was at the mouth of George's Creek. This will
practically reconcile the table of distances.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
JOHN PATTERSON.
John Patterson is of Irish extraction. His
paternal great-grandfather emigrated from Ire-
JUNIATA COUNTY.
739
land to America about the year 1 740, and set-
tled in Bucks County, Pa. With him came six
.sons, each of whom was given a farm on the
banks of the Delaware, this land being part
of the original tract purchased by him. Mr.
Patterson spent the remainder of his life in
Bucks County, which was also the home of his
son John, who was united in marriage to Sarah
Wilson. Their children were John, Andrew,
James, and two daughters, Mary (Mrs. John
year 1760, and settled in the present Juniata
County. His son James married a Miss Martin
and engaged in farming jjursuits in Mifflin
County. Among their children was Isabella,
before mentioned, wife of John Patterson, whose
son John, the subject of this sketch, was born
on the 26th of March, 1809, at Academia,
Juniata County, where the early years of his
life were passed. After ordinary opportunities
at the public school a year M'lis sjient at the
's^^^^y^^i'^^ — .y^ip^c^:^
Means) and Ann (Mrs. Jamison). John, of this
number, was born in October, 1763, in Bucks
Comity, and removing to Juniata County in
1790, settled as a merchant at Academia, in
Beale township, where he pursued until his
death, in October, 1836, a successful business
career. John Patterson and his business partner
were the pioneers in the use of arks for the
transportation of merchandise and produce down
the North Branch of the Susquehanna River.
He married Isabella Lyon, whose grandfather,
John Lyon, emigrated from Ireland about the
academy at Mififlintown, and an additional year
at the New Loudon Cross-Roads Academy, in
Chester County, Pa. On the completion t)f his
studies he engaged as manager for his father in
his mercantile enterprises, the latter being at
that time much absorbed in his various landed
interests and the erection of buildings upon his
farms. He remained thus employed until 1836,
and then embarked in business as proprietor.
In 1842 he began a brief career as a farmer.
In 1846 he superintended the construction of a
tannery at Peru Mills, Lack township, which
740
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
enterprise he afterward managed under the firm-
name of William H. Patterson & Co. Subse-
quently, having spent two years in Milwaukee,
Wis., he returned in 1851 to Juniata County,
and with his brother resumed the business of a
tanner. In 1858 his brother-in-law, William
Van Dyck, became his partner, and continued so
until the begining of the late war. In 1874,
having abandoned the tannery, he continued
farming and milling, in which he is still engaged.
BlancheStone, of Norfolk, Va.; Adelia Forrest,
born October 25, 1846 ; Clara, born August 25,
1848, wife of William A. McDowell; Lillie,
born August 2, 1851, wife of Thomas P. Carson ;
Annie D., born July 21, 1855, who died Sep-
tember 29, 1874. Mrs. Patterson's death oc-
curred October 13, 1865. Mr. Patterson has
been either a Whig or Republican in politics,
but beside holding the office of justice of the
peace, in which he is now serving his third
^Z^^-^^^x,^. ^y/u>^^c^^^
John Patterson was, on the 6th of October, 1836,
married to Ellen, daughter of William Van
Dyck, of Mercersburg, Pa. Their children are
Isabella, born July 4, 1837, and married to
David D. Stone ; James J., born June 22, 1838,
married to Elizabeth Jack ; Ellen, born Novem-
ber 27, 1837, wife of James Patton, who died
August 20, 1873; Mary L., born January 27,
1841, who died June 3, 1867 ; William Henry,
born August 12, 1842, who died November 4,
1847; Robert H., born March 12, 1844;
Charles W., born July 25, 1845, married to
term, has not been especially interested in mat-
ters of a political nature. His religious associ-
ations are with the Peru Presbyterian Church,
of which he is a member and was a former
trustee.
THOMAS MURPHY.
Thomas Murphy is of Irish descent, his
grandfather having emigrated from Ireland to
America, and settled in Franklin County, Pa.
To his wife, Hannah AA'ork, were born children,
— Patrick, Alexander, Andrew, Hannah, (Mrs.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
741
John Akius) and INIrs. James McMullen. The
birth of Andrew occurred in Franklin County,
from whence he removed to Juniata County,
where, having purchased a farm, he remained
until his death, on the 17th of November, 1860.
He married Mary, daughter of Thomas Wherry,
of Tuscarora township, Juniata County, who
was born August 12, 1792, and died November
14, 1S83. Their children are Alexander B.,
born September 8, 1815, who died November
30, 1882 ; John, born April 10, 1818, who died
July 8, 1883; Andrew W., born August 7,
1820, who died July 22, 1851; James, born
July 14, 1823, who died February 17, 1880;
Mary, born December 25, 1826, wife of Wil-
liam Kinzer ; Thomas, born May 21, 1830 ;
Joseph I., born January 9, 1835, who died
February 3, 1866. The birth of Thomas Mur-
ph}^ occurred on the homestead in Juniata
County, located about three-quarters of a mile
from his j^resent home. Here until the age of
eighteen his youth was spent in active labor or
in the pursuit of his studies at the common
schools. Deciding then upon acquiring a trade,
he repaired to ]\IcCoyville and began Mork in
the shop of a cabinet-maker and cliair-maker,
remaining four years thus employed ; he then for
two years followed the trade of a carpenter
throughout the country, and spent the winter of
1854-55 in Indiana, where he was likewise in-
dustriously occupied. Returning home, lie con-
tinued his vocation, and on the 18th of Novem-
ber, 185(), was married to Margaret P., daugh-
ter of James Lauther, of the same township,
whose birth occurred August 6, 1832. Their
children are Alexander W., born October 2,
1857 ; Sylvia Jane, wife of George Thompson,
born September 26, 1860 ; James L., born Sep-
tember 26, 1863 ; Samuel C, born August 11,
1866, who died January 24, 1869; Anna
Blanche, born July 13, 1870, and Mary W.,
born February 16, 1874. ]Mr. Murphy, one
year after his marriage, purchased the farm
on which he now resides, in Lack township, and
has since been engaged in the employment of
an agriculturist. His political sentiments are
in act'ord with the principles of the Democracy.
Though frequently pressed to accept ottice, he
has declined all positions other than those con-
nected with the to\\nship, his attention being
chiefly devoted to matters connected with his
farm. He is an elder in the Peru Presbyterian
Church, of which his wife and the two eldest
children are also members.
CHAPTER VIII.
TUSCARORA TOWNSIIIP.i .
This township was erected by the court at
Lewistown, and was formed by dividing Lack
township. The viewers were Hugh Hart, of
Lack, Richard Doyle, of Milford, and John
Graham, of Turbett, who reported, at the April
term, the following line :
"Beginuing at a stone heap at the Perry county
line, on the northeast side of the Gap of the Tusca-
rora mountain leading into Horse valley ; thence N.
25 W. through lands of Benjamin Wallace, John
Wilson, Robert Magill, across said township nine
miles to the line of Wayne township, below the resi-
dence of Kerney in Black Log valley, in said county."
This report was confirmed at the August
term, 1825, and the new township called Tus-
carora. The title was, of course, taken from
the name that had long adhered to the moun-
tain and creek. The first assessment was taken
in 1826, and showed over one hundred and
fifty resident taxables and forty-two single free-
men, leaving in Lack about one hundred and
fifteen taxables and twenty-five freemen.
Tuscarora is bounded north by Black Log
Mountain and Mifflin County ; west, by Lack ;
east, by Spruce Hill, Beale and Milford ; south,
by the two Tuscarora ^Mountains. The Tusca-
rora Creek and its tributaries drain the town-
ship. The surface is hilly ; long ridges traverse
it from east to west, between which are small,
fertile valleys.
As Tuscarora constituted a part of Lack prior
to 1826, the reader is referred to that town-
ship for a list of firet assessments, the names of
early settlers and for list of taxable industries
up to 1831.
Early Settlers. — Commencing in Tusca-
rora on the mountain road and going westwai-d,
742
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
we notice : Robert McKee took out a warrant
for two hundred acres in 1755. In 1762 Wil-
liam West, merchant, of Philadelphia, for one
hundred and fifty acres. McKee, a neighbor,
entered a caveat against West, and the
Governor decided in favor of McKee, as
his warrant was of the earliest date. The
Land-Office having refunded him his
money, West assigned his survey to McKee.
Another draft gives Robert McKee, in the
right of John Gray, two hundred and thirty
acres, in 1767, with John Gray on the east.
The property passed to Peter Bealo, Sr., in
1811, and to William Okeson in 1826. It now
belongs to Rev. Christian ]\Iyers, a minister of
the Bi-ethren or Dunker persuasion. A meeting-
house of that denomination was built on this
tract about 1874. Okeson built a saw-mill
there in 1829, and a man named Boozle built
a grist-mill at the same place. It was aban-
doned about sixteen years ago, soon after the
present owner came in possession of it. The
mill is now in ruins.
It is probable that it was in an old house
near the mill that Rev. Charles Beatty preached
on Wednesday, August 20, 1766, which, so far
as is known, was the first sermon ever preached
in Tuscarora Valley.
Samuel Bigham, warrant 1755, had three
returns, — 1st, two hundred and nine acres.
May 10, 1763 ; 2d, two hundred and thirty-
six acres, 1774 ; and 3d, two hundred and forty-
nine acres, same date. On the last two
surveys the tract is named " Biggam's Fort."
Patented to Francis West, in 177^, two hun-
dred and fifty-two acres, in right of Samuel
Bigham. It is now owned by John and
Abraham Reed and R. H. Patterson. This and
the tract adjoining southward, two hundred and
twenty-three acres, taken up by West, made
four hundred and seventy-three acres, and were
sold to Amos Hoojies, of Chester County, who
sold it to John Reed, from whom it passed to
Robert Reed and then to the present owners.
Widow Jane Swan, one hundred and three
acres, in 1762. In 1786 Robert and William
Swan sold this tract to Thomas Kerr. The re-
port of Colonel John Armstrong shows that
Thomas Swan was among the " missing" at the
time of his attack on Kittanning. The tract is
where Hervey Neely now lives.
Thomas Kerr, one hundred and eighty-two
acres, 1767. He also took one hundred and
ninety-six acres in 1774, and another piece in
1794, next the mountain. These laud§ passed
to his sons, together with the Swan survey.
John Neely and James McCulloch now reside
on the first-named Kerr tract. One of Kerr's
tracts (ninety-nine acres) lay south of Widow
Swan's and was held as an improvement.
William Beale, of Chester County, purchased
the lands at Academia in 1760. He was pro-
viding homes for his sons in the new border settle-
ments. He never moved to the land, but his
sons did. In 1768 he took up one hundred and
eightv-four acres at the place since known as
Bealetown, or Honey Grove. On this tract David
Beale built a grist-mill and a saw-mill at a very
early date, as it was assessed in 1775. He was
a man of energy and prominence, and he owned
and ran the mills till his death, in 1828. Con-
tiguous to the above tract David Beale took up
three tracts of fifty acres each, and James Beale
added one hundred and seventy-eight acres
more in 1786. These lands are now owned by
James Beale, McConnell Beale, William Van
Swearingen and the Bealetown lot-owners. Wm.
Beale warranted one hundred and eighty-four
acres, now owned by Hon. Abraham Rohrer.
BeaIjETOWn is situated on the Laurel Run.
It has two stores and several shops. The first
grist-mill was of logs ; the second was frame,
built by David Beale. The present mill was
built by Jesse Beale about 1845. About 1848
the mills passed to William Van Swearingen.
The post-office was established in 1839, — Jesse
Beale, postmaster. He was succeeded in 1848
by Francis Snyder, thenby Joshua Beale, Francis
Snyder, William A"an Swearingen for four years,
Francis Snyder for fourteen years and William
Van Swearingen since March 1, 1885. While
Francis Snyder was postmaster the name was
" Beale's Mills," and he objected to it because of
its similarity to " Bell's Mills," and writing to
the Postmaster-General about a swarm of bees
locating in a house belonging to William Van
Swearingen, suggested the change of the name to
" Honey Grove," and it was so ordered.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
743
Liberty Valley is a narrow defile between the
ends of the two Tusearora jNIonntains. The
Laurel Run comes out of the west end. Jona-
than Taylor, two hundred and twenty-two acres
in 1768, now called the Comp Farm. James
Jacobs had a tract here, now Conrad Comp.
David Beale also had a tract just above his
other lands. South of these Alexander Mc-
cracken, in 1792, had two hundred and seventy-
nine acres.
Bigham's Gap is directly opposite to Starr,
and the end of the mountain is called " Bigham's
Mountain." LTp the stream is Mohler's tan-
nery, in the direction of the old Traders' road
over the mountain. Just east of Starr is John
Potts, on the " southeast branch of Tusearora,"
three hundred and eight acres ( 17(37).
Alexander Potts had two hundred and thirty-
eight acres, surveyed in 1768, and taxed in
Lack until, by some surveyor's freak, the head
of Laurel Run was thrown into what became
Perry County.
Returning now again to the east line of the
township, along the creek and on the road to
the north side of the Limestone ridge, we notice :
John Collins, eighty acres, March 12, 1755;
Brice Collins, in 1814; now Joseph Williams.
Again, John Collins, seventy-eight acres, June
10, 1762. John Scott, below on south side of
the creek ; later John Patterson's heirs ; now
with additional lands, the property of Geoi'ge
Ubil, Anderson Martin and Rev. J. A. Magill.
Collins was an early settler and one of those
that the twelve men came over from Perry
County to warn of the approach of the Indians
on July 11, 1763. His house and property
were destroyed during the incursion.
John Potts, in the right of James Potts, ad-
joining John Gray, on the north side of Lime-
stone ridge, and west of Collins, two hundred
and forty -three acres, June 15, 1767; now J.
W. ]\Iilliken, William :Millikcn, Josiah Waters
and Steward Woodward. Beside this lay Alex-
ander Potts, two hundred and eight acres, same
date; later William McConnell near the TM'iu
Bridges, now John Dobbs, Joseph Dowling and
Jane Hughes.
James McLaughlin, two hundred and twen-
ty-two acres on the creek, north of Bealetown ;
now Jacob Drolesbaugh. Here are the " Twin
Bridges " over Tusearora Creek.
William Beale in the right of Dougal Camp-
bell, up the Laurel Run on the east side, one
hundred and nine acres, July 24, 1767 ; later
David Beale ; now James Allen. On the west
side of the run was Daniel Campbell, two hun-
dred and fourteen acres, July 19, 1768, Xo.
5112, joining William Beale on the south. It
passed to William Campbell, then to Nicholas
Frederick, then to John Campbell, whose only
son, David E., conveyed to John Milliken, father
of J. L. Milliken, present owner. While Fred-
erick owned it an order was issued to survey,
November 7, 1791, and all over tvK> hundred
acres to be added to William Campbell and
Harry Nevil ; April 28, 1796, resurveyed and
found to contain only one hundred and ninety-
five acres. In 1807, however, Frederick found,
improved and held twenty-four acres vacant
land adjoining the creek and Nevil. There is
a saw-mill on this tract.
William Camf)bell, two hundred and twenty-
one acres, January 14, 1788, called " Belle-
voir," which passed to Harry Nevil, then to
Manasses Ramsey, Matthew Laughlin and Wil-
liam Pannebaker (a name ot^en spelled Penny-
packer), whose son, Samuel, now resides on it.
Just by his house is " Pennebaker's Island,"
where the " Harvest Home Picnic " is yearly
held. The island contains about eight acres,
and it is estimated that at least five thousand
people attended there this year. On this place
there is an old grave-yard, in which one James
Lippencott was buried in 1797. In later years
a number of the Pannebaker family have been
interred here.
Jane Swan, sixty-eight acres, March 25, 1763 j
William Kerr in 1810; now Widow G. M.
Smelker. This is the "Deep Spring Plantation.''
This spring, near the creek, above the house one
hundred yards, was formerly very deep. A man
informs us he ran a pole down fourteen feet and
there were no evidences of a bottom. It is re-
lated that at an early day a peddler came riding
along the road which then passed close by
the spring, and rode into it to water his hoi-se,
when suddenly both he and the hoi^se disap-
peared in the depths, leaving no trace behind ex-
7-14
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
cept his hat. We cannot vouch for the truth
of this story. About forty years ago William
Pannebaker had his boys haul a great many
loads of stone into it in order to prevent future
accidents. Across the creek Widow Swan had
another survey of fifty-four acres, June 6, 1767 ;
with Thomas Kerr down the creek and Alex-
ander Blaine above. Near by William Mc-
Clure had two hundred and twenty-seven acres,
February 22, 1787, adjoining James Sanderson,
Alexander Blaine, William Beale and the creek.
Captain Samuel Finley, one hundred and
sixty-seven acres, called " Hard Purchase," on
the creek above the Deep Spring. Just above
this tract, on the William Morris land, the Tra-
ders' road crosses the creek, as given on an old
draft. This road came over the mountain at
Bigham's Gap ; one branch led to Shade Gap,
another crossed by Reed's Gap to the Juniata at
McVeytowu, another path led on up the south
side of the creek. Finley was John Armstrong's
assistant in surveying. He was captain in the
Second Battalion in 1763-64. His descendants
still live in Dublin township. William Morris
appears on the tax-list of 1763 for two hundred
acres. In 1770 he had a saw-mill, and from
1771 to 1774 grist and saw-mills. He, there-
fore, had the oldest mill within the present
townships of Lack and Tnscarora. Where was
it ? In the Finley survey Morris is given next
above. In the Harvey survey he is given as
next below. He seems to have owned or claimed
a large tract on both sides of the jNIill Run at
Waterford. From 1775 to 1778 the mills and
lands are taxed to Robert Walker, and from
1779 to 1782 they are taxed to Andrew Fer-
rier. On October 25, 1783, Robert Magaw, of
Carlisle, bought at sheriff's sale five hundred
acres, which included the mills, for he is taxed
for them from 1783 to 1790. Robert Magaw's
executors sold, April 15, 1790, five hundred
acres to Peter Shaver. This clearly took in all
the lands about the town. Peter Shaver, find-
ing he could not hold all the laud under the
Morris title, took out a warrant May 12, 1795,
and on October 14, 1796, he surveyed under it
three hundred and six acres. This tract he had
patented January 26,1797, and sold to Matthew
Laughlin, February 20, 1797. The draft shows
that at the time of the survey Shaver had a
saw-mill at a point not far from the present
grist-mill. On the flat by this creek Peter Sha-
ver had his " Tobacco Patches." This tract,
three hundred and two acres. Shaver sold. May
13, 1796, to Matthew Laughlin. This tract was
sold to Paul Laughlin, April 26, 1810, who had
it patented under the nameof " Tobacco Patches."
It is now owned by John Showers and Mrs. M.
Laughlin, and the " Tobacco Patches " by
Widow S. Goshorn. The belief is that Thomas
Laughlin built a stone mill in 1796. Its loca-
tion is fixed as above the present mill. About
1802 this mill passed to Enoch Anderson, and
in 1808 to Samuel Wallick, and in 1829 to John
Fahnestock, and later to Jacob Shirk, Samuel
Mc Williams, William J. Kirk, who dug a new
race and built the present mill in 1851 ; since
then it has passed to Dr. J. M. Morrison and to
James J. McMullin, the present owner. Just
above the town, on the run, Matthew Laughliu
had his tannery, 1821-31 and later, and also his
saw-mill.
Waterford was laid out by Dr. Thomas
Laughlin about 1796. The sale of lots did not
progress very rapidly, so he disposed of them by
lottery. Each subscriber paid a certain sum,
and the successful drawers were to pay addi-
tional sums and be subject to ground-rent. The
subscription papers show at least forty-four
names of men who ventured their chances in
the lottery. In the heading to this paper is
the following rhapsody worth of preserv^ation :
" The town of Waterford is situated on the leading
road from McClelland's Ferry, Mouth of Tuscarora
creek, aud Carlisle, which leads to Path Valley, Aiigh-
wick and Burnt Cabins. Tuscarora Valley, which is
remarkable for its fertility ; the Tuscarora Creek, on
which the town stands, is navigable in time of flood
for a considerable burthen dosvn to the Juniata River,
which affords an easy conveyance for all kinds of
produce down to market. Nothing more need be
said in its recommendation, as adventurers, on view-
ing its situation and advantages, may judge for them-
selves."
The Carlisle Gazette of February 8, 1811,
contains a notice to purchasers of lots to pay up
or be subject to ground-rent.
The village now contains a store, hotel and
twenty-seven dwelling-houses. Several of its
JUNIATA COUNTY.
745
industries, past and present, are up the Mill Run
withiu the limits of Lack townshij).
The East Waterford Benjamin F. Walls
Post was organized January 15, 1884. James
]\Iilliken was the first commander ; Kobert A.
A\'ork is the present; Samuel Bartley, adjutant.
The post has about sixty members. Enoch An-
derson had his tannery in the rear of Ferguson's
store.
The Methodist Episcopal Church in Water-
ford was built in 1848. The first Presbyterian
Church at this place was built about 1838 ; the
])resent one was built in 1868. This congrega-
tion and that at McCulloch's Mills constitute a
pastoral charge.
Now starting on the lower line of Tnscarora,
on the north side of the creek, we have :
Joseph Scott, two hundred and four acres,
June 17, 17G7 ; later Charles Tower ; now Rev.
J. J. Hamilton.
John Morrison, two hundred and thirteen
acres, August 25, 1767, west of Scott ; part to
Charles Tower ; now Abraham Noss, Sr., John
Noss and others.
John Scott, one hundred and fifty-five acres,
April 16, 1767, on the creek, adjoining Morri-
son ; now Ralph Dobbs, Abraham Noss, Jr.,
and Levi Trego's heirs. West of this James
Innis took up eighty-five acres ; now Robert
Gray.
Robert Porter, three hundred and fourteen
acres, November 8, 1766 ; this and the above
tracts have been much subdivided by new lines ;
now ijartly heirs of Michael Kunkle. In 1802,
Thomas Dobbs got parts of the Robert and
Steplien Porter surveys.
William Arbuckle, two hundred and thirty-
eight acres ; now James Junk and Thomas Ar-
buckle. This is one of the few tracts that
remain in the name of the original owner and
in the line of his ftimily. Arbnckle's first war-
rant was February 4, 1755. He was an early
settler. On June 14, 1761, John Hamilton
sold him his improvement, " including a Peer
Lick on Ijittle Tuscarora," which is located
al>out twenty rods below the iron bridge on
Willow or Peru Run. This land he had war-
ranted June 17, 1767. He also purchased fifty-
eight acres warranted to Thomas ^Martin, Sep-
tember 6, 1762. These tracts made two hun-
dred and seventy-two acres, and as such were
patented.
Stephen Porter, Esq., of Cecil County, Md.,
three hundred and two acres, November 8,
1766, north of Arbuckle. Most of this tract
was held by his family until a few years ago,
when a descendant, Stephen Porter Harlan,
moved up and now resides upon it.
Thomas Dobbs, one hundred and fifty-one
acres, December 28, 1786, on both sides of the
creek. This survey included nearly all of the
survey made to Samuel Martin, September 6,
1762, forty- two acres of which were on the
north side of the creek ; now Widow Thomas
Dobbs.
The surveys of Samuel, John and Thomas
Martin referred to above, and one of June 17,
1762, for one hundred and nine acres, are now
owned partly by Joseph and James Dobbs. On
the western corner of William IMartin, in right
of John Martin, there was laid off, " at the re-
quest of William Arbuckle, for the use of a
Presbyterian Congregation," two acres, Septem-
ber 23, 1802. The store, as well as the church
and grave-yard, are on this corner of this survey.
Jane Campbell, one hundred and ninety-three
acres, April 5, 1769. This is the tract on
which most of the village of McCulloch's Mills
is located. William Campbell and his wife,
Jean, conveyed it, October 6, 1785, to John
Anderson ; June 12, 1793, to James Anderson,
who built the first grist-mill upon it in 1786;
sold to Samuel McCulloch March 26, 1804,
who rebuilt the mill in 1813; David Nugent,
millwright.
Samuel, William, James, John and probably
Joseph McCulloch were brothers who came to
America. William was a soldier five years
prior to June 29, 1813, when he re-enlisted in
Captain Walsh's First Regiment Artillerists;
wounded in battle at New Orleans ; discharged
in 1815. Samuel's sons were John, James,
Thomas, George, Samuel and Stewart. Joseph
\\as the father of General George and Samuel,
the latter being the father of Dr. John McCul-
loch, of Huntingdon, once a member of Con-
gress.
Peesuyteeiax Church. — The church here
746
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
is called Middle Tuscarora, and under Rev.
Coulter formed a charge with that of Lower
Tuscarora at Academia ; afterwards it consti-
tuted a charge with the new organization at
East Waterford. As near as can be ascertained,
the following were its pastors : Rev. John
Coulter, 1801-34 ; Rev. James M. Olmstead,
1834-37; Rev. John Fleming, 1841-42; Rev.
Andrew Jardine, 1843-60; Rev. James J.
Hamilton, 1860-64; Rev. David J. Beale,
1864-68 ; Rev. S. S. Wallen, 1870-78 ; Rev.
S. A. Davenport, 1880-83. Rev. Jardine died
in 1868, aged eighty-two years.
Now beginning again on the lower line of
the township, we notice that the tract of Fran-
cis Innis, of Beale, extended up into Tuscarora
township, and that on this part lived his son
Nathaniel ; now the farm of Richard Henry.
Jonathan Robison, one hundred and forty-
eight acres, May 8, 1775 ; now Mrs. Dr. S. B.
Crawford. On this tract there is a small burial-
ground. Neal McCoy, two hundred and thirty-
four acres. May 4, 1786. On the southern
point of this tract stands the village of Mc-
Coysville. The post-office here was established
about 1837. Joseph S. Laird was postmaster
till 1875 ; since then Theodore Meninger and
W. C. Laird. The town has a store and hotel.
The grist-mill was built by Neal McCoy in
1829 ; rebuilt by David Coulter in 1845 ; since
then it has passed to Samuel McCnlloch, Fred-
erick Schwalm, Jacob Stiue, William Hacket,
S. B. Crawford, George J\I. Stewart and Henry
Okeson.
John McKnight, three hundred and twenty-
eight acres, June 1, 1762, above McCoysville,
" on the head springs of Hamilton's Run."
This tract was once owned by Rev^ John Coul-
ter ; later by Nicholas Okeson and others ; now
by Jesse Rice, Joshua Beale, James Kidd and
John Randolph.
William Gray, thi-ee hundred and thirty
acres, April 18, 1787 ; now George Wood-
ward's heirs and John Woodward. Alexander
Miller, three hundred and thirty-six acres, July
20, 1787 ; now Charles McCulloch. Robert
Reed, two hundred and sixty-five acres, Sep-
tember 9, 1767 ; in 1817 Robert Crone. In
18(52 James Crawford held parts of the Reed
and McKnight surveys and Ephraim Sieber the
other part. Reed's tract, now owned by J. C.
Crawford, John Linn and James Gray. There
is a gap here leading into the head of Black
Log Valley, and from the warrantee and this
defile the village and post-office name, " Reed's
Gaj)," is derived. There are two stores here
and a few houses. The post-office here was es-
tablished January 1, 1869 ; James Irwin first
postmaster ; since then H. S. Thompson and J.
C. Crawford. Wesley Methodist Episcopal
Chaj^el was commenced in 1867 and dedicated
in the fall of 1868. The society was organized
and worsliipped in a school-house about four
years before the church was built. The build-
ing is of white sand-stone, has just been re-
modeled, and presents a neat appearance. The
stores and church stand on the Alexander Mil-
ler survey. Uj) in tiie gap, on the Blair sur-
vey, the Reeds had their fulling-mill and card-
ing-machine, 1824-31, and followed by Elias
Cook in 1831, from whom the gap was often
called Cook's Gaji. In 1850 there was a tan-
nery built on the old fulling-mill site by Joseph
Stewart ; greatly enlarged by Joseph and James
Slaymaker about 1854, and afterwards rebuilt
by John A. Bechtel and his son, Harry H., now
of Newport, who carried on a large business at
this place until 1872, when they sold to George
McCulloch, and it is now owned by his son-in-
law, Joseph Landis, but as a tannery. Mount
Hope has ceased operations for several years.
John Lukens, Esq., surveyor-general of the
province, two hundred and twenty-one acres,
August 23, 1765, adjoining Stephen Porter and
Benjamin Say, south of Reed's, in the gap of
the ridge. Here James Anderson had his full-
ing and saw-mills as early as 1817 ; now lands
of John Anderson, Thomas Creighton and
others. In 1768 Lukens made a trip through
the frontiers to inspect the lands. He says he
went " to Shamokin (Sunbury), thence to the
Juniata Settlement, Sherman's Valley," etc.
Wiiile in Huntingdon he carved his name on the
Standing Stone. He says : " In this journey of
about five hundred miles he saw a variety of
hills and dales and some very good land." His
own tract could not have been of the latter.
John McKnight, two hundred and sixty-one
JUNIATA COUNTY.
r47
acres, June 1, 1762; formerly Magill's lands;
later Moses Irwin's ; now on the east end of lands
of Widow Lawson, James Wiley and others.
North of the above are James Anderson, two
hundred and thirteen acres, ]\Iarch 3, 1 787, ad-
joining Smiley, in the right of McKnight, the
claims of John Anderson, and eighty-three acres
held by James Smiley in 1802. This and the
remaining jiart of the McKnight survey com-
prise the two farms of Matthew Dougherty,
who lives at the former mansion of Moses Irwin,
who died there in 18o(3, aged seventy-nine years,
having lield tiiis tract for lifty-two years.
William Magill, son of Rev. Hugh Magill, had
his tannery on the Mrs. Lawson part of the
above tract.
At the extreme end of the Johnstown Valley,
just in the edge of Tuscarora township, at
Graver's tannery, later Hart's, was William
Scott, who was to be left in Lack in 1768, in the
order erecting Milford ; later William Williams,
and now William Hart.
North of Innis came in Samuel Eakin, two
hundred and nineteen acres ; west of Eakin was
Richard Wallace, one hundred and nineteen
acres; west of Wallace, Robert Gilliland, two
hundred and nineteen acres, later Alexander
Given ; then James Mackey, one hundred and
one acres, now John McKinley ; then William
Rainey, two hundred and twenty-eight acres,
from whom John Black took off his improve-
ment in 1802.
Samuel Young, two hundred and fifty acres,
March 30, 1787, surveyed by Samuel Lyon, who
says : " The lower end of this land is nearly op-
posite, or rather above, the first gap of the
ridge, where the first fork of Licking Creek
goes through," and he says, " situate in Lack
Township and on the waters of Ijicking Creek."
June 25, 1787, Lyon certified to the above facts
and says : "The lands in this survey are nearly
all level, being pretty good arable land, capa-
ble of producing good wheat, corn or any other
grain, and is well timbered and watered, lying
in a good settlement, nearly thirty miles from
Carlisle."
The Van Swearingens are desi'ended from an
early Dutch settler on the Delaware. The first
of the name to come to Tuscarora was
Thomas, in 1793. His son Evan was long a
well-known citizen. A genealogy of the family
has been printed, in which a gra])hic and pathetic
story is told of two of the children of a brother
of Thomas being carried off by Shawanese In-
dians. The older one, Charles, who wore a
blue jacket at the time, prevailed upon his cap-
tors to let his little eight-year-old brother go
home to inform his parents, agreeing himself to
go and stay with them. He became famous
among the Shawanese as Blue Jacket, and his
descendants are still prominent in that tribe.
The writer met Chief Charles Blue Jacket in
Washington a fe\v years since.
Leaving to the right the old, much traveled
road from McCulloch's Mills to the Lick School-
House, we come to "the Sterrett Lands," which
were warranted by Jane Campbell, two hundred
and eighty- four acres, Joseph Reah, two hundred
and thirty acres, William Chambers, two hun-
dred and seventy-seven acres, September 9, 1767.
These lauds lie in a line from the residence of
James Mairs to Union School -House. The
Chambers tract was called the " Hickory Lick."
For many years Ralph Sterrett is taxed for all
these lands. The Hickory Lick was once a
famous landmark. Tlie old voting-place of this
township was three-fourths of a mile northeast
of it.
McCoYSVILLE UXITED PUESBYTERIAX
Church. — At McCoysville there is a good, com-
modious brick church, belonging to the United
Presbyterian congregation, built in 1871. The
old church, now torn down, stood a mile below
the town, ^^here there is a large grave-yard.
This ground was taken from the survey of Francis
Innis of .June 3, 1762, and included "a house
of Public A\'orship occupied by the Seceder
Congregation." This congregation was organ-
ized at an early day. It was united with the
Fermanagh Church under Rev. William Logan,
who preached from 1777 to 1805; then Rev.
Thomas Smith was pastor of the united con-
gregations of Tuscarora and Fermanagh from
1802 to his death, February 12, 1832, aged
seventy-seven years ; then by Rev. James Shields,
who died August 19, 1862, aged fif^y yeai-s, in
the twenty-eighth year of his ministry. After
this, for a time, Rev. James McKce; then Rev.
748
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
J. A. Magill was pastor of this church, excki-
sive of the one east of the river, for twenty
years. He has recently resigned, by reason of
failing health, and removed to Dalton, Ga.
These ministers were all able, well-educated
men, who left their impress during the long
periods they ministered to these people. Rev.
Thomas Smith owned a farm in Spruce Hill,
where he resided, and was held in the highest
esteem .
Bigham's Fort was on ihe site of the resi-
dence of the Reed brothers. Formerly their
garden occupied this spot, and a variety of
rusty iron knives, spears, as well as stone tom-
ahawks and arrow-points were found there.
Adjoining the present house there stood an old
dwelling, in the chimney of which was found a
gun-barrel, on which pots were swung, by means
of a chain and hooks. On an examination of
the gun-barrel it was found to be loaded with a
musket ball and three buckshot. The Bighams
came from East Pennsboro' township, Cumber-
land County, but nothing is known of them after
selling out to Francis West, a wealthy English-
man living in Carlisle.
A n account of the attack by the Indians on
Fort Bigham in July, 1756, will be found in
the third chapter of the General History, pages
68-69, which gives names nowhere else pre-
served. It reads as if Woods, Innis and the
others first named had been in the fort ; but it
was not known just where the captives were
taken. The Innis tradition says they were
taken in the fort ; and Woods, in an unsworn
affidavit, says he was taken on " the 12th or
13th in the settlement of the Tuscarora." Rev.
Charles Beatty narrates a capture of a fortifica-
tion in his journal, in 1766, found elsewhere,
which must refer to this fort, but in which he
says there were nothing but women and children.
It is probable that the men were killed or picked
up singly, and the fort only assaulted when it
was found defenseless.
The Innis tradition is that he was at the fort
at the time of the capture, rather by chance
than habit, for an attack was not anticipated ;
and further, that only one other man was near
it at the time. This seems to carry out the story
related by Beatty. Hannah Gray will be men-
tioned under the head of Spruce Hill, and Fran-
cis Innis under Beale, and George Woods under
Lack, and Robert Taylor under Milford town-
ship. Mrs. Giles was probably the wife of the
John who sold his claims to William Anderson,
in Spruce Hill. McDonald probably lived
north of the McKee tract. Little or nothing is
now known of the others killed and carried oiF,
nor have their incipient homes been identified.
John McDonald was captured and made his
escape. He was with an Indian, Avho had him
in charge. They came to a run in a thicket of
laurels, where the Indian, being thirsty, lay
down at the stream to get a drink, keeping his
prisoner at a safe distance. McDonald made a
spring and dashed into the bushes ; the Indian,
as quickly as possible, was in hot pursuit,
guided by the sound of cracking bushes rather
than by sight. After McDonald had run a dis-
tance, he started up a deer. He lay down be-
hind a log, and the Indian passed on, misled by
the sounds of the disturbed thicket, as the deer
bounded onward in front of his pursuer, who
supposed that the ci-ashing noise was made by
his recent prisoner. McDonald crouched beneath
the log until the danger was over, and then
returned to the settlement. His wife was
probably the sister of John Gray, as he says in
his will that in case neither his wife or daughter
should ever return, their half of the plantation
was to go to " my sister, Jane McDonald," and
he also mentions " Mary McDonald, my niece."
He had taken out a warrant for one hundred
acres on September 8, 1755. He was the father
of Theophilus, Joseph, John and Daniel, from
whom there are numei'ous descendants still in
Tuscarora Valley, as well as scattered over the
Western States.
From the fort there was a path over to Perrj"^
County by way of Bigham's Gap. This route
has not hitherto been understood. Liberty Val-
ley was an impenetrable thicket of laurels and
spruce. No early trader or adventurer passed
through it. It took mui;h and hard labor to
make a path through it. The West Tuscarora
Mountain and the Conococheague Hills form an
anticlinal axis, with Hoi'se Valley scooped out
of the crest. Just where they begin to separate,
the broadened mountain has ravines on each
JUNIATA COUNTY.
749
.side, and it was along these ravines that the early
path led over the mountain. The old " Trad-
ers' road " passed up through a ravine north
of Andersonburg, and came down a ravine at
Mohler's tannery, in Liberty, and crossed direct-
ly over the depressed end of the East Tuscarora
Mountain by Bigham's Gap. Isenminger's
Ridge is a foot-hill parallel with the mountain
and nearly as high. The path led eastward
behind the ridge, and bent westward around
its end.
Public Schools. — Tuscarora township has
ten j)ublic schools. McKinley's, Barren Run,
McCoysville, McCulloch's Mills, Willow Run,
Collins', Union, Reed's, Bealetown and Water-
ford. James Butler taught near McCoj'sville in
1807. John Erskiue taught in a house where
William Woodward lives, near Reed's GajJ. In
1812 a Mr. Gardner opened a school near An-
derson's fulling-mill. He treated his pupils
to whiskey and sugar. In 1813 William Knox
taught at " Beggars' Row," near where Joshua
Barton lives ; James McKinstry was one of his
pupils. William P. Law taught in Tuscarora,
1807-20. Alexander Given, John Glasgow
and Dr. James Montgomery taught in a house
near Mrs. Laird's, in McCoysville. At MeCul-
loch's Mills Samuel Telfer taught in 1825. John
Keys and Thomas Telfer taught in a house now
owned by Charles Milhouse. In 1825 there
was a log school-house in East Waterford, where
the present house stands, «here Samuel and
William Barton taught. William W. Kirk and
Robert Barnard taught at Be:x!etown. The
first school board was Matthew Laughlin, John
Dobbs, Thomas Morrow, William Arbuckle,
Jesse Beale and Dr. James Galbreath. The
first schools under the law were those at East
Waterford, McCoysville, Bealetown, Collins'
and the house of James Knox. The number of
children in Tuscarora attending school in 188-4
was four hundred and thirty.
Tuscarora township has sent out some of her
sons to benefit mankind in other fields. Rev.
D. J. Beale is the Presbyterian minister at
Johnstown, Pa. Rev. John Laird is a teacher
as well as preacher in the same church. He is a
grandson of Rev. John Coulter, whose papers
are still preserved in the Laird family.
CHAPTER IX.
MILFORD TOWNSHIP.
MiLFORD TOAVXSHip was erected 1768 under
the authority of the court of Cumberland County,
of which county it originally formed a part.
The following documents were transcribed from
the court records at Carlisle :
" To the Honorable Court of Quarter Sessions Held
at Carlisle the Third Thursday in October, 1768.
Greeting :
" Whereas, the Township of Lack is Very Unconve-
nient for all Township Offices, it being of such an
Extensive Length, viz., of above thirty miles, Which
makes us pray your Worships to order a Devision of
s'd Township from Tuskerora Mountain, by James
Gray's, to William Scot's, at the foot of the Shade
Jlountain, and your Humble Petitioners Will be In
Duty Bound to ever pray.
"Thos. Beale. Hugh Quigley.
William Irwin. William Bell.
Robert Campbell. William Christy.
Clement Horrell. James Armstrong.
Eobert Hogg. David McNair, Jr.
James Christy. Chas. Pollock.
John Beale. Eobert Littel."
William Reuison.
November 7, 1768, the court made the fol-
lowing order on the above :
"Milford Township: To be bounded by Lack, and
to run across the valley by James Gray's and William
Scot's, throwing these two inhabitants into Lack or
the upper part of the vallej' — the Lower part here-
after to be known by the name of Milford township,
etc."
The origin of the term INIilford is of course
mill-ford or the fording at the mill.
Milford township is bounded on the east bv
the Juniata River, on the north by the " Black
Log," properly calletl the Blue Ridge, on the
south by Turbett and Spruce Hill, on the west
by Beale. It extends up Licking Creek to the
Tuscorara line. It is shaped like a pipe. Lick-
ing Creek valley being the stem, and the open-
ing of the bowl is at the loop below Groninger's
bridge. The front of the bowl is ornamented
by the boroughs of Patterson and Port
Royal. The lower end of the Licking Creek
valley towards the river, after the creek deflects
Southward, is called Muddy Run. It is drained
princii)ally by Licking Creek, The end of the
Shade Mountain and the Forge Hill separate
760
JUxVIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the Valley of Licking Cx'eek from the Johns-
town Valley ; the Herring Bone Ridges again
.separate the latter from the Tuscarora Creek
settlements.
The names of the early settlers of this town-
ship will be found in the history of Lack town-
ship.
NAMES OF ADDITIONAL SETTLERS IN 1770.
Alex. Denniston's heirs. Thomas McKeever.
George Glassford. William McCormick.
Daniel McClelland. Thomas Millegan.
ADDITIONAL NAMES FOR 1771.
Thomas Burchfield. Philip Land.
Wm. Donegal Uhorran. John Parker, renter.
Joseph Gordon. Purviance & Cox.
John Henderson. Robert Walker, Jr.
John Holmes.
Single Freemen.
John Dillon. Neil McCoy.
James Kerr. Charles McLaughlin.
Robert Kirkpatrick. Edward Milligan.
ADDITIONAL
John Anderson.
John Anderson.
Arter Ackles.
Aquilla Birchfield.
Ezekiel Bowen.
Bennedy Capler (Benja-
min Kepner).
John Christy.
Samuel Christy.
John Dickson.
John Eliott.
Samuel Fear.
Philip Fisher.
William Forist.
NAMES IN 1772.
John Freeman.
William Guston.
James Heddleston.
Nelas Hearts.
Samuel Lyon, Esq.
George McCully.
Mathew McKaskey.
Joseph Poultney.
David Scott.
William Shaw.
William Stuart.
Henry Wills.
Richard Wilson.
Single Freemen.
David Bails.
James Gamble.
Joseph Cashey.
John Curry.
John Dust.
Peter Graham.
John Lyon.
James McLaughlin.
Joseph McMullen.
John McClelland.
Thomas Moore.
Robert Ralston.
William Shaw.
Hugh Stoop.
William Wilson.
ADDITIONAL NAMES FOR 1773.
William Bear.
John Bowen.
John Cunningham.
John Dilling (Dillin)
Pattis Hart.
Richard Hall.
Christopher Irwin.
James Kerr.
James Kiles.
Theophilus McDonnald.
Joseph McCoy.
Edwin Owen.
William Wilson.
John Williams.
Enoch Williams.
John Wood.
Single Freemen.
John Cunningham. Nicholas Shrader.
Barney Peterson. Hugh McCully.
Edward Irvin. Richard Wilson.
ADDITION
Robert Boreland.
John Boner.
George Grain.
Charles Cox.
Samuel Davis.
Caleb Graydon.
Epenitus Hart.
William Henderson.
Widow Irwin.
AL NAMES FOR 1774.
John Kerr.
John Little.
John McClelland, Jr.
Dudley McGee.
Hugh McCully.
James Moore.
Abraham Stills.
Rudolph Stayors.
Thomas Turbett.
Single Freemen.
John Anderson. Edward Miligan.
Benjamin Lyon. Alex. Snodgrass.
John Sloan. Thomas Gallaher.
Thomas Bowie. Joseph McCaskey.
ADDITIONAL
James Bigham.
Thomas Black.
Matthew Boreland.
Widow Brown.
James Campbell.
Aaron Cotter.
James Crawford
William Gray.
John Harris.
John Henderson.
Francis Hicman.
Samuel Kearsley.
NAMES FOR 1775.
Samuel Leonard.
Joseph McConnell.
William McCracken.
Thomas McGlaughlin.
Daniel Neane.
William Orr.
Alexander Reed.
Joshua Smith.
George Stewart.
Philip Walker.
Samuel Wharton.
Thomas Wilson.
Single Freemen.
Samuel Bell. Nicholas Sheridan.
Thomas McCahan. John Irvin.
Robert Watson. Thomas Toner.
Martin Cunningham,
ADDITIONAL
Hugh Black.
James Boggs.
David Boal.
Thomas Boal.
James Campbell.
Tristram Davis.
James Dever.
Peter Daly.
Dutchman.
Robert Gulliford.
Single Freemen.
Robert Anderson. Felix O'Neal.
Benjamin Hickman. Adam Chambers.
John Moon. John Molloy.
John Chambers. William Thompson.
Thomas Forsythe.
NAMES FOR 1776.
William Jones.
John Lyon, Jr.
Jock Leacock.
Dennis Molloy.
James Ross.
Philip Strouce.
William Thompson.
James Williams.
Alexander Walker.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
751
Taxable Industries. — ^The tax-lists
of
Campbell, Robert, 1781-90.
Milford towuship from 1763 to 1831 show as-
sessments on the following in addition to lands
and stock. Those that fell into Tnrbett in 1817
Campbell, William, 1791-96.
Doyle, Richard, 1812-31.
Elliott, Thomas, 1819-31.
Evans, Jesse, 1795-1804.
are marked " Tt." Spruce Hill was
formed
Fahnestock, Benjamin, 1798-99.
out of Turbett and Beale out of Milford
at
Francis, John, 1795-98.
dates later than these lists.
Gilson, Thomas, 1799-1816.
Gilson, William, Tt., 1817-31.
GRIST-MILLS.
Gish, Matthias, 1820-31.
Beale, Thomas, 17()8-1804.
Graham, William, Tt., 181.3-16.
BolHuger, Daniel, 1811-13, chop. m.
Graham, John, WilliamandSamuel, Tt., 1817-
-28.
Campbell, Robert, 1768-90.
Graham, William, Jr., Tt., 1829-31.
Campbell, William, 1791-96.
Harris, Thomas, 1779-95.
Doyle, Eichard, 1807-31.
Kepner, Benjamin, Jr., 1805-31.
Evans, Isaac, 1793-95.
King, Lawrence, 1794-1800.
Gilson, Thomas, Tt., 1790-1816.
Lytle, John, 1797-1831.
Gilson, William, Tt., 1817-31.
Monahan, Michael, 1818-19.
Gish, Matthias. 1820-31.
McCrum, Joseph, 1831.
Graham, John, William and Samuel, Tt.
1817-
28.
McCrum, William, 1796-1830.
Graham, William, 1813-16.
McDonald, Daniel, Tt., 1809-31.
Hardy, David, 1790-94.
Norton, James, 1817-19.
Hardy, Thomas, Jr., 1789-92.
Patterson, John, 1811-31.
Harris, Thomas, 1779-95.
Patton, William, 1790-94.
Lytle, John, 1797-1831.
Rice, Jacob, Sr., 1804-30.
McCrum, Joseph, 1831.
Rice, Jacob, Jr., 1826-31.
McCrum, William, 1795-1830.
Rice, Jacob, Jr., Tt., 1830-31.
Ogden, Isaac, 1787-88.
Selheimer & Kirk, 1823-31.
Patterson, John, 1811-31.
Selheimer & Norton, 1820-22.
Rice, Jacob, Sr., 1805, chopping-mill, 1823-29
Stuart, Thomas, 1796-98.
Stuart, Thomas, 1796-1806.
Turbett, George, Tt., 1820.
Wilson, George, 1798-1819.
Turbett, Stewart and William, Tt., 1821-31.
rULLIXG-MILLS.
Turbett, Thomas, Tt., 1811-19.
Elliott, Thomas, 1819-31.
Gilson, David, Tt , 1817-31.
Gilson, Thomas, 1811-16.
Williams, Samuel, Tt., 1805-31.
Wilson, George, 1797-1819.
Wilson, Thomas, 1794-96.
Hench, Peter & Reese, Tt., 1830-31.
PAPEE-MILLS.
McAfee, Daniel, Tt., 1820-28.
Norton, James, 1818-19.
CARDING-MACHINES.
Norton & Selheimer, 1820-22.
Elliott, Thomas, 1826-31.
Selheimer & Kirk, 1823-31.
Fry, Abraham, 1820.
Gilson, David, Tt., 1820-31.
STORES AND MERCHANTS.
McAfee, James, Tt., 1829.
Cahill, Edward, 1796.
Rice, Jacob, Sr., 1820-29.
Creighton, Robert, 1800-2.
FORGES.
Graham, William, 1776.
Beale, Thomas and William Sterritt, M.,
Evans, Thomas, 1795.
Cahill, Edward, 1796.
Sterrett, William, 1797.
Cromwell, Thomas, 1798-1800.
SAW-MILLS.
Beale, Thomas, 1769-1804.
Beale, Thomas and Sterritt, William, 1'
Bolinger, Daniel, 1811-15.
Bolinger, Rudolph, 1804-7.
1792-
•92.
94.
Henderson, Thomas, Tt., 1817.
Kepner, Benjamin, Jr., 1821, '24, '27.
Magonigle, Alexander, Tt., 1827.
Patterson, John, 1796, '99, 1820-20.
Rowan, Stuart, 1797-98.
Stuart, Thomas, 1793-99.
Stuart, William, 1794-1804.
Stinson, Thomas, 1820.
Turbett, Samuel, 1796.
Wilson, George, 1812.
Burkey, Jacob, 1816.
DISTILLERIES.
Bushy, Jacob, 1818-31.
Beale, Peter, 1804-12.
752
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Beale, Thomas & William Sterritt (2), 1794-
INN.S OR TAVERNS.
1803.
Beale, William, 1804-20.
Black, Thomas, 1791-92.
Borland, William, 1779, 1783-87.
Bushy, Jacob, 1828-30.
Christy, William, 1787-92.
Cunningham, John, 1786-97.
Delaney, Charles, 1805-07.
Dickey, Nathaniel, 1797-1804.
Bryner, John, Tt., 1827.
Casner, George, 1796.
Henderson, Thomas, Tt., 1817-20.
Johntz, Henry, Tt., 1825.
Kelly, John, 1797-98.
Kepner, Benjamin, Jr., 1812-31.
Love, James, 1820.
McClelland, Joseph, 1796.
Okeson, Nicholas, 1796-1812.
Dillon, John, 1804.
Dillon, John, Jr., 1805-31.
Elliott, John, 1779-81.
Patterson, John, 1796, '99.
Eice, Jacob, Sr., 1812.
Rife, Samuel, 1820.
Feer, William, 1805.
Finlay (at Hardy's), 1792.
Stewart, Thomas, Tt., 1827.
Frow, Gawin, 1811-23.
FERRY.
Gallaher, Patrick, 1797.
Gilson, Thomas (2), 1809-16.
Glassford, Alexander, 1794-97.
Glassford, George, 1804.
Graham, Hamilton, 1794-1804.
Graham, John, Tt., 1809-31.
Graham, William, Tt., 1787, '96, 1809, '15.
Graham, William, Tt., 1823-25.
Gray, Eobert, 1797.
Abraham, Noah, 1800-06 ; heirs, 1807-30.
Gross, Henry, 1817-26.
Kepner, Benjamin, Sr., 1827-31.
Law, Benjamin, 1816.
Love, James, 1816-21, occpt.
Love, John, 1822-24.
Mettlen, Samuel, occpt., 1807-15.
McClelland, Joseph, 1791-1800.
Robinson, John, 1817.
Greer, David (2), 1797.
Hardy, David, 1820-21.
Sanderson, James, 1811-15.
Hardy, Hugh, 1782.
PLATE.
Hardy, John, Sr., 1779-94.
Beale, Thomas, 1780.
Hardy, Thomas, Sr., 1779-94.
Blair, John, 1780.
Harris, John, 1804.
Lyon, John, Jr., 1780-82.
Harris, Thomas, 1782.
Lyon, Samuel, 1780.
Heddleston, John, 1795.
Stewart, George, 1780.
Henderson, Thomas, 1813-15.
AVills, Henry, 1780.
Huston, Eobert, 1779-83.
Irwin, James, Jr., 1794-95.
SHAD FISHERY.
Irwin, William, 1814-19.
Cummings, William, 1826.
Johnson, William, 1824.
Kelly, William C, 1823-24.
Kenny, William, Sr., 1791.
DISTILLERIES
Kiuzer, John, 1813-16.
Little, Eobert, 1779-97.
TAN-YARDS AND TANNERS.
Lyon, James (2), 1810-11.
Lyon, John, 1779.
Guss, Simon, 1816.
Lyon, John, Jr., 1780-86.
Hardy, Hugh, Jr , 1823-31.
Lyon, Samuel, 1778-82.
Hardy, William, 1805-07.
Milliken, Edward, 1794.
Irwin, Eobert, 1820-21.
Monahan, Michael, 1807-13.
Mohler, Rudolph, 1823-24.
McCahan, Alexander (2), 1809.
Patterson, James, Tt., 1821-31.
McCahan, John, Sr., 1804-07.
Shaw, John, 1827-29.
McClelland, Joseph, 1792-97.
Showei-s, Daniel, 1811.
McCrum, James, 1796-97.
Stuart, John, 1814-25.
McCrum, James, Jr., 182.5-31.
Stuart, Thomas, 1791-96, 1804.
McCrum, John, 1831.
Turbett, Stewart & William, Tt., 1821-31.
McCrum, William, 1794.
Turbett, Thomas, Tt., 1776-1821.
McFadden, Samuel, 1789.
Vanormer, Joshua, 1821-22.
McKee, John, Sr., 1792, 1814, '16.
Wills, Henry, 1781-82.
McKee, Eobert, 1809-13.
Woodward, James, Sr., 1779.
Orr, John, 1781-86.
Williams, James, 1776.
Parks, Alexander, 1796-97.
JUNIATA COUiNTV.
753
Patterson, John (2), 1794-1811; (1), 1811-31.
Pigslcr, Jacob, 1805-13.
Pollock, Charles, 1779-88.
Reed, Alexander, 1779.
Eeed, Alexander, Jr., 1779-82.
Rice, Jacob, Sr., 1801.
Rice, Peter, 1806-28.
Robison, Alexander, Sr., 1779-86.
Robison, Alexander (at Hogg's), 1794-95.
Ross, John, 1781-1812.
Sheets, George, 1811-13.
Sterrett, William (2), 1795.
Stuart, George, 1821-22.
Stuart, George & N. Martin, 1820.
Stuart, John (2), 1797-1810.
Stinson, Thomas, 1811-28.
Wharton, William, Sr., Tt. (2), 1810-1811 ; (1),
1813-31.
Williams, Norris, 1786-97.
Wills, Henry, 1780-1807.
Wilson, George, 1813-16 ; (2), 1811-12.
Wilson, Thomas, 1779-96.
Woods, John, 1780.
Wilson, Abraham, 1780-83, 1790-97.
TURBETT DISTILLERIES AFTER 1817.
Barnard, Joseph, 1822.
Bryner, John, 1820-31.
Burns, John, 1823.
Graham, Samuel & William, 1820-22.
Henderson, Thomas, 1817-19.
Hoke, David, 1821-22.
Irwin, William, 1820.
Lauver, John, 1829, '31.
Martin, Nathaniel, 1828, '81.
McAfee, James, 1826-29.
McCracken, William, 1824, '26.
Rice, Samuel, 1825-26.
Robison, Alexander, 1820.
Robison, Alexander & Thomas Henderson,
1820-21.
Woods, Robert, 1826-28.
Early Settlers. — John ]\IcClellan had
previously lived in Franklin County. He be-
longed to a family still numerously represented
in that region. He settled on the river-bank,
at the present site of Patterson. His warrant,
September 8, 1755, called for five hundred and
fifteen acres below, on the river. McClel-
lan's wife was a Widow Houston, whose maiden-
name was Catharine Buehanau, — a sister of the
father of President Buchanan. Her first hus-
band belonged to a family of that name in this
region, from whom the celebrated Sam. Hous-
ton, of Texas, was descended.' Mrs. Catharine
' By her first marriage she had two daughters, — Jane
48
Buchanan Houston, by her second marriage,
to John McC'lellan, became the mother of
Daniel, Joseph, John, Jr., and jjerhaps other
sons, Nancy (wife of James Sandereon), Cath-
arine (wife of Williatn Lyons and then of
James Hite). One of Hite's daughters wa.s
the vf'ii'e of John Lytle, Esq., and mother of
Robert, James, John and David Lytle, later
well known in Blair County.
Daniel McClellan was a soldier with his
brother John, and was at Quebec in 1775. He
went to Kentucky. On October 22, 1776, he
applied for two hundred acres of land " on
Licking Creek, higher up the creek than the
Fort Granville road." Aquilla Burch field
afterwards had seventy-five acres surveyed
under it in " Hammer Hollow."
Joseph ]\IcClellan kept the ferry at Patterson,
as elsewhere noted. He also taught school in
MifHintown. He removed to Franklin County ;
his wife never returned ; but he died in ]\Iif9in-
town. The old pioneer lived many long years
on Clayland ; then moved over the hills to the
banks of Licking Creek, where he lived with some
of his descendants, and he died about 1804, at a
ripe old age, one-half a century -after he fii-st
penetrated this (then) wilderness. His widow
survived him. A lively town has sprung up
on the land which he, by muscular force,
cleared of its ancient forests; and of the
hundreds living here in comfort, how few have
ever even heivrd of John McClellan !
"Lieutenant John McClellan, son of John McClel-
lan, at Patterson, was the first commissioned officer
from this county in the cause of American freedom.
He lived either on the Kepner farm below town, or
possibly on the part of his father's tract above town.
He had a wife and daughter. Shortly after the
breaking out of the Revolution, William Hendricks
raised a company in Cumberland County, as it then
was, for Colonel William Thompson's regiment,
which marched to Boston. A large part of the regi-
ment was recruited in Juniata and Perry Counties.
and Sarah. Jane was the wife of John Elliott, a Revolu-
tionary soldier, and was, in 1703, one of the twelve men
who came over fiom Perry County after the Indians that
killed the people at White's, Campbell's and .^aderson's,
and were themselves waylaid and half their number killed.
Ellio't's daughter, Catharine, was the mother of Hugh T.
McAlister, Esq. Sarah was the wife of Andrew Douglass,
elsewhere named as wounded at Kittanning, but who lived
to an old age.
754
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Some fifteen on the roll of eighty men in this com-
pany, of which McClellan was lieutenant, can be
identified as residents of Juniata, and as many more
correspond to the names of residents here about that
time. They were a set of tall, hardy, bold frontiers-
men, excellent marksmen, and attracted a great deal
of attention along the route as they marched on foot
from their homes all the way to Boston. They were
dressed in homespun, armed with their own guns,
and undisciplined.
" About the 1st of September, Washington sent
Benedict Arnold to Quebec to enlist the Canadian
Provinces. The plan was to go by the way of the
Kennebec and Dead Rivers, through the Wilderness,
and down the Chaudiere River to Quebec, and capture
this key to the upper St. Lawrence and the Lakes.
It was a most fearful undertaking. Alter lying for a
time in front of Boston, Hendricks' company, and
that of Matthew Smith, of what is now Dauphin
County, started September 11, 1775, with the detach-
ment which made the memorable expedition to
Quebec. With the former company went McClellan,
who died near Quebec, a martyr to the cause of lib-
erty.
" They were two months on the march and for a good
part of that time on short allowance. Bo desperate
became their condition that dogs were killed and
eaten. Even shoes and shot-pouches were boiled and
eaten. John Joseph Henry, then a young man of
seventeen, who passed through this ordeal, in after-life
a judge of the Lancaster, York and Dauphin County
Courts, wrote a narrative of the ' Expedition against
Quebec,' from which are taken a few extracts relating
to McClellan. On November 2d, after leaving Chau-
diere Lake, some of the boats were wrecked at a cata-
ract in the river, and McClellan, who had previously
been in an enfeebled condition, was one of the in-
jured. Judge Henry, who came upon the party, who,
having lost all but their lives, were sitting around a
fire on the shore, says ' Oh, God ! what were our sen-
sations. Poor McClellan was . . . lying by the fire. He
beckoned to us. His voice was not audible. Placing
my ears close to his lips, the words he uttered, scarce-
ly articulate, was " Farewell." Simpson, who loved
him, gave him half the pittance of food he still pos-
sessed. All I could give was — a tear.'
" The short, but melancholy story of this gentle-
man, so far as it has come to my knowledge of him,
commenced in the camp near Boston. He was en-
dowed with all those qualities which win the affec-
tions of men. Open, brave, sincere and a lover of
truth.
" On the Dead River the variable wind brought on
a cold, which affected his lungs. The tenderness of
his friends conducted him safely, though much re-
duced, to the foot of the mountain, at the head of
the Dead River. Hence he was borne in a litter across
the mountain by his fellow-soldiers. Captain Hen-
dricks assisting. From our camp McClellan was
transported in the boat to the place where we found
him. The crew conducting the boat . . . descended
unaware of the pitch before them, until they got
nearly into the suck of the falls. Here, luckily, a
rock presented, on which it was so contrived as to
cause the boat to lodge. Now the crew, with great
labor and danger, bore their unfortunate lieutenant to
the shore where we found him.
" McClellan was left behind and two Indians were
sent back for him in a canoe. They found him and
three days later brought the then dying man to the
first house down the stream. The following day he
died, and his corpse received a due respect from the
inhabitants of the vicinage. "'
Thus, on Nov. 9, 1775, about eighty miles
above Quebec, perished Lieuteuant John Mc-
Clellan, whose youth was spent where now flour-
ishes the pleasant town of Patterson. His
mother's name was Elizabeth Martin. McClel-
lan's infant daughter was named Priscilla. No-
vember 6, 1787, Pennsylvania voted her a pension
of one hundred and eighty pounds, in care of her
grandfather.^ In later years she married David
Greer, a weaver by trade. Priscilla Greer's
daughter, Margaret, was the wife of Captain
John H. McCrum, father of Colonel Ephraim
B. McCrum. John Greer lives in Scranton.
Jane moved to Selma, Ala. Betsey, the last
of Priscilla's children in this county, died in
1885.
Among those who eidisted with McClellan
from Juniata were Third Lieuteuant George
Francis, Sergeant William McCoy (afterwards
second lieutenant of the Ninth Pennsylvania
Line), Thomas Anderson, Joseph Caskey, John
Chambers, Arthur Eccles, John Henderson,
James Hogg, Daniel McClellan, James Reed,
William Smith, Abraham Swaggerty, Joseph
Wright and John Hardy (of whoiu, see an ac-
count under Milford township).
John McClellan, Sr., gave his sou John, Jr.,
one hundred and one acres, in 1773, ofi'the up-
per part of his tract. As his son died in the war
a little later, he sold part of this tract to Thomas
Gallagher, father of Robert C. Gallagher, long a
well-known merchant in Mifflintown. It has
been since known as the Wright farm ; now
Henry Groninger. Near by Gallagher had a
shad fishery.
1 Col. Rec. XV. 312
JUiNIATA COUNTY.
755
Thomas Gallagher came from Ireland ; first
lived with the Nelsons at Cedar Springs, then
just above the Patterson Maciiine-Shops. He
died in 1807 ; his children were Lucretia, Mary
Ann,Tliomas Andrew Nelson (the printer), Rob-
ert Cooper (the merchant), Harriet and Sophia.
Above this, on the river, was the Caleb Gray-
don survey of January 29, 17(37. He sold it to
Conrad Schue (Shuey), who moved upon it in
1791, and while there was instrumental in intro-
ducing Henry Ache (Augliey), Sr., also of Hu-
guenot stock, his sister's husband, to purchase
land and remove to tiie township in 1803.
Sluiey was an elder and active promoter of the
first Lutheran organization in Mifilintown. He
I'emoved to Westmoreland County.
Above this is a tract of two hundred and
eighteen acres, warranted August 4, 1767, to
William Sjjeody. A small rift in the river, op-
posite, was called " Purdy's Riffles." He re-
moved to Wyoming, for what reason is not
known ; but he there identified himself with the
Connecticut people in their efforts to hold the
land as far south as forty-first degree of latitude,
which passes a mile north of Lewisburgh.
In December, 1776, Speddy volunteered in
Captain John Clarke's company of Northum-
bei'land County, and served during the campaign
of Trenton and Princeton. In 1782 he was one
of the assessors of Buffalo township. His sig-
nature to the assessment is in a full, round,
beautiful hand. In 1785 he disappears from
the assessments of that county, but reappears in
tliat year in Fermanagh township, wdiere he con-
tinues until 1791. He lived at a place called
Speddy's Gap, near McAlisterville, where he
died. He had a son William, Jr., who appears
upon the tax-lists of Milford from 1782 to 1787,
and in Fermanagh from 1791 to 1814, and his
heirs to 1828. He had a sou named Alexander,
who was long known in Mifflintown as "A.
Speddy Tailor," the name being pronounced
" speedy." The last-named was the father of
Editor Jolm W. Speddy, of Port Royal. A fur-
ther account of William Speddy will be found
in the History of Union County. The lands of
Speddy in INIilford township later passed to John
Elliot ; are now owned by Baltzer Lauver. The
Granger Picnic-Grounds are on the Speddy tract.
Above Speddy, on the river, is the .survey of
Agnes Wilson, three hundred and ten acres,
April 2, 1767, of which tract Aaron Cotter got
one hundred and thirty-eight acres, June 8,
1796. From him, a very deep place in the
river near by has been known ever since as Cot-
ter's Hole. Into this, it is related, some benev-
olent persons threw a cannon, used in former
days for firing salutes at Mifflintown on the
fourth of July, which had been the means
of killing and wounding a number of persons.
Another story is that it was done to prevent
rival claimants at Lewistown from getting pos-
session of the cannon.
Above this lived James Aiken. His sur-
vey had one hundred and sixty-seven acres,
extending up to the Trout Run, and has on it
now the station called Milford Siding. As far
back as 1768 one Robert Gorrel, or Gorewell,
lived here, and claimed these lands at the foi'd-
ing. They are now owned by George Heikes.
Above this John Harris warranted sixty-
eight acres, March 7, 1785, reaching round the
end of the mountain, having on it the Black
Log water plug. Here Foreman W. Cloyd Guss
was killed by a passing train in January, 1882.
Near by once lived a colored man named John
Hall, who called himself "a one-horse Meth-
odist preacher," and held forth to his brethren
"up in Macedony." Before the making of the
railroad there was no travel up the Narrows on
this side of the river.
Above Agnes Wilson, westward, John Wilson
took up one hundred and eighty-seven acres on
warrant 4897. It was long the McCrum place,
now heirs of James McKnight. Wilson's sons
were Nathaniel and William.
John Hardy warranted two hundred and
twelve acres, and Alexander Robison two hun-
dred and thirty-six acres, both February 23,
1767. These are choice lands. The former is
now owned by James North, but before him by
three John Hardys in successive generations.
The latter tract has long been known as the
Doty farm. Once it was leased to Henry Rice,
of whom it is related that he had the farm all
in one field, M'ith a road through the middle, and
that he sowed wheat every year ; and that having
some litigations with the Robisons, he said,
756
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
"The grain on this si<1e of the lane I keep to pay
law-suits — the other side I raise to sell."
The Hardys and Robinsons seem to have
come together to America. They were cousins
or brothers-in-law. They are on the tax-list of
1763, and then lived near Robert Hogg, in
Spruce Hill. Being driven off by Indians,
they served in the campaign of Bouquet. On
their return they found their lands surveyed to
others. They then came to " Muddy Run "
and bought out the squatter claims of one Wil-
liam or Robert Robison. Robison's children
were James, who married Jean Hardy, daughter
of Thomas ; Sarah, wife of John Cunningham;
Alexander married Jane Sanderson ; John
moved to New Lancaster, Ohio ; Elizabeth,
wife of Alexander Sanderson ; Margaret, wife
of Joseph Shaver ; Thomas, married to an
Elder, then to Betsy Steel. James' children were
Alexander, married Elizabeth Moy ; Thomas,
married Catharine Partner, then Nancy Mar-
ley ; Ellen, wife of Alexander McCahau ; John,
married Jane Kincaid, then Mrs. Mary Marley
(he is the now venerable John Robison, living
in Patterson) ; William, married Mary Sel-
heimer. The children of Thomas were James,
John P., Mary, Thomas, Catharine, William,
Jane and David H., late superintendent of
public schools.
John Hardy's children were William, James,
John, Isabella, Betsey (wife of John McCor-
mick) and Jonathan. John's children were
James and John. The Hardy race were nu-
merous until within a few years past. The
Robisons are a host in and out of the county.
Thomas, a brother of John Hardy, lived in
Carlisle a winter, then moved on Wilson's tract
(Port Royal). He took up a tract of poor land
in Turbett, but soon bought the McGuire tract,
now William Gu.ss'. ou Licking Creek, where
he died about 1795.
Thomas Hardy's children were Hugh, John,
Jean, William, David, Alexander and Thomas,
Jr., some, if not all, of whom were born in
Ireland. On the run, about one hundred yards
above the " Sink Hole," they had a stiH-honse,
in the loft of which William kept school, and
here our aged friend, John Robison, of Patter
son, got his education, under his uncle. When
Thomas Hardy died there was some trouble
among the heirs. John Hardy, John Hamil-
ton, Alexander Robison, John and William
Cunningham were chosen arbitrators to devise a
plan of settlement, who, having taken "a vew"
of all matters in dispute, decided that certain
things were to be accounted for to the executors
and the estate divided equally, except as to
Thomas, Jr., who was " not to account for any-
thing," and " to receive one-half child's share."
One has to wonder what Thomas Hardy and
his lot of hardy boys did during all the long
years they occupied this farm. As late as 1778
they had only eighteen acres of laud cleared.
They lived in a cabin, and it is certain they
never got rich. The boys likely followed hunt-
ing and fishing. Thus the years passed by.
One thing broke in on this dull monotony.
Young John enlisted, in 1775, with Lieutenant
McClellan. On January 1, 1776, in the attack
on the " Barriers," he, together with many
others, was taken prisoner. Colonel MeClean
went among these men to ascertain who among
them were of European birth, threatening to
send all such to England to be tried for treason.
He recruited a regiment from among these poor
fellows, who shrank from being thus carried
away for trial. Among these was John Hardy.
After the Revolution closed he came back to
his friends on Licking Creek, and excused his
conduct as a matter of compulsion ; but the
loyal Whigs of those days never forgave him
for his defection. He had taken the oath of
allegiance to the British government ; had, it
was said, accepted a commission in the British
army ; and had married a wife in England be-
fore he returned to America. They used to have
" musterings " in olden days. On one of these
occasions, when warmed up with patriotism and
whiskey, there were threats of lynching Hardy
for his defection to the cause of independence.
Hardy then went to Canada. Tliere he got
some lands from the government for his ser-
vices, and there his descendants are to this day.
One of his daughters, who had married a clergj^-
man, visited Juniata many years ago, but John
never returned. He persuaded his brother
Alexander to move to Canada (1798), and after-
wards sent him back with a power of attorney
JUNIATA COUNTY.
757
to lift his share of his patrimony in the old
farm, £293 13s. Id., "in full for his brother,
John Hardy's, share of the estate of their
father, Thomas Hardy."
When the course of John Hardy became
known at home, his brother Hugh became also
tinctured with Tory proclivities. He was a
talkative man, somewhat officious and fond of
expressing his sentiments. The resentment of
his more loyal neighbors was aroused. James
Horrel, who was appointed to look after the
malcontents, said he had more trouble with
Hugh Hardy than all the rest of the township.
It culminated, at last, in his forcible seizure,
with a view to some trial or imprisonment at
Carlisle. After reaching the top of the Tusca-
rora Mountain, Hugh let up on his Tory senti-
ments and promised to be a good loyal subject
of the State, instead of the province, of Penn-
sylvania. They set him at liberty ; but it never
suited him after that to get into angry collision
with any one, or he would be reminded of "the
time he was tied with hickory withes and taken
to the top of the Tuscarora Mountain." In after-
years he took an active part in public affairs
and became well known, which may account for
the error concerning his early settlement. But
there are yet living descendants of the first set-
tlers, who were always true to the cause of inde-
pendence, who do not like to see history per-
verted to honor a British sympathizer as the
first settler.
Between the Robison and Hardy tracts and
the Forge Ridge there vms a tract long known
and taxed (1781-98) as the " Peddler's Tract."
The peddler must have gone down into the
Deep Spring above Bealetown. He was proba-
bly one Philip Connelly, who, October 7, 17G6,
applied for one hundred and fifty acres "adjoin-
ing John Hardy." Hardy and Robison in after-
years took up this land, and it is the tract on
which Shelburn Robison now resides.
James Calhoon warranted two hundred and
ten acres June 3, 1762. When Calhoon ap-
plied for this tract it was " to be surveyed to
him adjoining David Reed and Robert Robi-
son." By the time he got it surveyed, April
25, 1765, William Robison is the adjoiner be-
low on the Doty farm, and Thomas McGuire
above. Calhoon, on August 3, 1790, signed a
deed in Armagh township to William MeCor-
raick, who sold this land to Henry Aughey, Sr.,
April 12, 1803, for fourteen hundred pounds,
which Aughey brought up with him from Dau-
phin County in specie, having fourteen bags,
each containing one hundred pounds. Aughey's
son, Samuel, and his grandson, Jacob, still re-
side on this tract. The McCormicks sold this
good limestone land because they thought it was
so worked out that they could not make a living
upon it. McCormick moved to Kentucky. Cy-
rus McCormick, the inventor of the reaper, was
a descendant of his brother.
The Licking Creek Lutheran Church stands
on the upper line of this tract. This organiza-
tion was formed from the Mifflintown congrega-
tion. The church was erected in 1861, and ded-
icated about the close of that year. Samuel
Aughey, Sr., who gave the ground, named it
" St. Stephen's," but it commonly goes by the
name of " The Licking Creek Church." The
ministers serving this congregation, in connec-
tion with that at MifHintown, were Rev. R. H.
Fletcher, Rev. D. M. Blackwelder, Rev. E. E.
Berry and Rev. Philip Graif.
Thomas McGuire warranted two hundred and
eleven acres October 5, 1767. He sold it to
Thomas Hardy, the father of John and Hugh
Hardy. McGuire had warranted a tract in
Turbett, near Old Port, where he lived a short
time and then moved on the McGuires' tract.
From Hardy's heirs the farm passed to Merch-
ant John Patterson, who sold it to Abraham
Guss, Sr., father of the writer, who sold parts of
it to Samuel and Henry Aughey. The grave-
yard adjoining the church is on the part bought
by the latter, and given by him for the purpose.
The mountain-streams on this and the last-named
survey sink before reaching the creek. The
underground stream reaches the river below
Milford Siding. On this tract Abraham Guss,
Sr., erected a saw-mill. The springs here have
a known origin at the Trout Run above, over
a fourth of a mile distant. As the writer first
saw light on this farm, the region is crowded
with many cherished memories.
Back of this, at the foot of the ridge, the sur-
veyor says November 11, 1814, he found a man
75S
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
called Nipple, who had a large cabin-house and
two acres cleared. Here Jane Dayly helped her
husband catch live fawns and wild turkeys. It
is now held by Richard Nankivel. Considera-
ble iron-ore has been taken out along the foot of
the ridge.
William Cunningham came to the Partner
place in 1762. He came back, in 1763, to cut
grain and pull at flax. He and his daughters
took alarm and fled over the Tuscarora Moun-
tain on the night of July 10th, and escaped the
Indians. He returned in 1766, and died, and
was the first person buried in the grave-yard at
Acaderaia. His resting-place is unmarked, but
is in the middle of the yard. His wife, Eliza-
beth, took up a tract of three hundred and
twenty-three acres, October 29, 1766, in trust
for his heirs. From them the several tracts
have descended to Cloyd Horning, William C.
and William M. Partner and Charles Waream.
There was a man once living on this farm who
raised Beans six feet long and upwards; his
name was John Bean. Henry Wills, two hun-
dred and sixty-four acres, and was owned by
John Cunningham, Samuel Mettlen, Joshua
Shuman ; now John Wetzler, Mrs. Zimmerman
and others. Here the Fort Granville path
crossed Licking Creek.
In her application Mrs. Cunningham says
that her husband made " an improvement" on
this tract five years before the date of her appli-
cation, which would be in 1761, and we know
of no older settlement on the creek. The sur-
vey made in 1767 calls the mountain to the
north the " Shade." The house stood one hun-
dred yards east of the present brick, was built
of unhewn logs, had a split-log floor, a floor of
poles above, and a roof of rude clapboards.
Mrs. Catharine, wife of Jacob Partner, who
long lived on tliis place, had a most remarkable
memory. She told a curious story of the escape
of the Cunninghams, in 1763. They fled because
of a warning given by a rooster, which persist-
ently came inside of the door and crowed so
lustily that they became alarmed. The children
were William, died 1836, ancestor of all of the
Cunninghams in the county; John, mari'ied
Sarah Robison, of Alexander, and ancestor of
those in Huntingdon County and A. B. Cun-
ningham, of Philadelphia; Richard, moved to
New Jerse}'; David, moved to New York; Sa-
rah (Carson) ; and Mary (McDowel). William,
Jr.'s, children were David, Richard, John, Sally
(Phillips) and Elizabeth (Jeffries). They have
all been very excellent citizens.
Joiin Partner, who got the Cunningham man-
sion, came to Juniata w ith Henry Aughej'. He
served during the Revolutionary War, and his
grandson, Abraham G., still has the old musket
which he carried in the war. His name appears
as"Portner" in Benjamin Weiser's company
of the Pennsylvania German Regiment. His
children were Jacob, Catharine (Robison), Eliz-
abeth (Hardy), Mary (Nipple). Joliu married
Margery Mettlen and moved to Deep Cut, Ohio,
whither his father went, and died there.
Above Wills came in Henry Graham, war-
rant October 27, 1766, for two hundred and
ninety-six acres. Pat McCahan and Fred Nip-
pie held this tract in 1812. There was form-
erly a pretty rough set of people in the ujiper
end of this valley, and it was a common saying
that Sunday never got up Licking Creek farther
than the residence of Alexander McCahan.
At the school-house here the Methodists form-
erly had an organization and stated services. On
the upper end of this tract was located the
great tannery of Singmasters, Miller, Lippen-
cott & Co.
Above Graham, Andrew Douglass, who was
wounded at Kittanning under Armstrong, war-
ranted a tract of one hundred and eighty acres,
October 23, 1766. In 1770 it belonged to John
McClellan. The factory dam was on the
lower end of this tract. On the upper end
Norton & Selheimer erected a paper-mill.
Above Douglass, next the so-called Black
Log Mountain, was Jacob Pigsler; but before
this in 1812, Pigsler was on the Douglass tract.
(Road from Pigslcr's on Licking Creek, to river
opposite Mifflin, six and one-half miles and fifty
one perches, from Pigsler's to Lytle's mill, say
seven miles. — Win. BeaWs Notes.)
Thomas Husbands had three hundred and
eight acres above Douglass, August 1, 1766. It
was returned May 6, 1782, to Samuel Wallis
"on Leeking Creek, adjoined lands formerly
claimed by William White, deceased, and to in-
JUNIATA COUNTY.
759
elude a deaden intj made for Robert Campbell.
William Reese applies for the .same." Here
lived Lemaii Burdens ; later Joel Dewalt, and
later ii is son-in-law, Da\'id Hough, a well-knowu
surveyor. There was a saw-mill here, aud
lumber was a principal product. Herding
cattle between the mountains was also followed
in the summer season.
Above this William Reese took up, on the
same day, three hundred acres. Between these
tracts and the Shade Mountain Joseph Jacobs
had a long strip and an improvement now
abandoned. Above this yet lay the surveys of
Tiiomas Say, three hundred aud thirty-three
acres, adjoining James Stewart; then Moses
Bartram, three hundred and forty acres ; then
Jonathan Carmalt, three hundred and seventy-
nine acres. These lands took in the Big
Thickets and the desolate regions where the
deer, wolf and bear hold dominion to this
day.
John McClellan, November 28, 1798, took
up eight acres, on which he died. Locust Grove
school-house is on the lower end of it.
James Rodman owned one hundred and sixty-
eight acres between McClellan and Licking
Creek. March 25, 1792, he articled with BealeA
Sterrett, of the forge, for the sale of one hundred
and fifty-six acres. Edward Cahil kept the f(H-ge
store in the upper story of the stone spring-
house on this tract, which is known as the old
David Cunningham farm. The Baptist Church
and grave-yard are on the upper corner of the
Rodman survey. It was built in 1828, and has
a yard adjoining, containing a large number of
graves. Services are now seldom held there. It
was biiilt in place of the church abandoned at
Spruce Hill. Beale tt Sterrett built a forge in
1791, on Licking Creek, just below where
Rohm's grist-mill now stands, The dam
crossed the creek one hundred yards below that
mill, where a couple of large piles of stones still
mark the spot. They took up a large body
of the ridge land, still called Forge Ridge, a
small strip of which came down to the creek
where the forge stood. Beale's warrant was dated
February 20, 1790 ; resurveyed on an order to
William McCrum, dated June 15, 1819, and
contained four hundred and thirty-nine acres.
The western limits extended as far as tlie Red
Bank school-house.
Dennis Christie had one hundred and nine
acres above the forge, on an order of February
14, 1767. The upper part extended across the
creek and reached up the stream a.s far as the
road over the creek at Abraham Guss, Jr.'s.,
where he adjoined William Erwin on the west
side of the creek. On this tract stood the grist
and saw-mills erected by Ogden, and run later
by the Hardy boys. William McCrum rebuilt
the mill of stone. From his son, John H. Mc-
Crum, it passed to Daniel Spiece, who tore down
the stone mill and rebuilt the new one now
standing at the lower end of the survey, near the
forge, and which he sold to J. Shelburn Robin-
son, from whom it passed to Ferdinand Rohm,
the present owner. February 19, 1774, Christy
sold John McClellan, Jr., two hundred acres, ex-
tending from the Rodman meadow up the creek
to Thomas Hardy's laud, and in the ridges ad-
joining the improvement made by Samuel Hen-
derson.
William Erwin, or Irwin, took out an order
February 1, 1767, and had one hundred and
forty-two acres surveyed under it, to which
sixty-one acres were afterwards added. It ex-
tended across the creek and took in the lands at
David Partner's blacksmith-shop. The tract
was owned later by Hugh Hardy, and then by
his son, Christopher Hardy, Esq., aud now bv
Elder Gilliford, David Kerlin and others. Ou
the flat near the creek, below the smith-shop,
the Hardys had their tan-yard.
Above Erwin, on the creek, April 27, 1767,
there was taken up two hundred and six and
sixty acres by John Buchanan, and " if over
three hundred acres, the upper part to James
Buchanan, Jr., named Widow's Delight, so-
called." Here Lewis Shuman and David Su-
louff lived ; now Joseph Sheesley.
Passing up the Shuman Run, around the end
of the Shade jMountain, we come to a tract war-
ranted No. 1652, to Daniel McClellan, October
22, 1766, two hundred acres, which he said was
to be " on Liekiug Creek, higher up the creek
than the Fort Granville road in Lack township,
Cumberland County." The survey was returned
for Aquilla Burchfield, seventy-five acres. The
760
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
land is in a depression between a ridge and the
Shade Mountain, and has been called " Hammer
Hollow," from the blacksmith-shop of Samuel
Kerlin, who, as a true Vulcan, long served the
people for a radius of many miles. A man
named Voegle now resides upon it.
Perhaps no people who have ever resided
within the present limits of Juniata County
have been as remarkable in business circles as
those descended from John Lyon, Sr. The
name Lyon has been favorably known all over
the State for more than a hundred years. As
early as 1750, William Lyon was in Carlisle
assisting his uncle, John Armstrong, in laying
out that town. John settled at the Sterrett
place, in Milford. In 1767 he had two hun-
dred acres, ten acres cleared, twi ■ horses and two
cows. He died abont 1780; had six children, —
William, James, Samuel, John, Jr., Molly and
Frances.
William Lyon married Rebecca Graham,
sister of William Graham, Esq., of Tuscarora,
and did surveying under Armstrong in Juniata.
His son, George A., was cashier of the Carlisle
Bank.
James Lyon settled on Juniata. His children
were William, James, Margaret (wife of Judge
John Oliver), Elizabeth (wife of John McVey),
Nanc}' (wife of John Patterson, Esq.), Isabella
(wife of John Patterson, merchant), Mary (wife
of Robert, father of Robert Forsythe). After
the death of the parents, Nancy and Isabella
(twins) were taken by their grandmother Lyon
to raise. When she died they M'ere taken by
their aunt, Mrs. Fanny Graham. When grown
up they married the cousins, the John Patter-
sons, Esquire and merchant, and their blood has
come down in the veins of several hundreds of
our best citizens. One of the merchant's
daughters married Robert Sterrett, so that part
of the old homestead is again in the hands of
John Lyon's descendants.
Samuel Lyon moved on the Kelly place, and
soon became a leading man in the community.
May 21, 1770, he was made justice of the peace.
He also did a great deal of surveying in this
region. He removed to Carlisle about 1781, and
was register and recorder in 1794. The first
James Blaine in America had a son Ephraim
and a daughter Lienor, who was the wife of our
Samuel Lyon ; and their daughter Mai'garet
married James Blaine (2d), who was a son of
Ephraim. Their son, Ejihraim Lyon Blaine,
married Maria Gillespie, and they are the par-
ents of the Hon. James G. Blaine, of Maine. In
other words, Margaret Lyon, the grandmother
of the Hon. James G. Blaine, was born in Mil-
ford township about 1775, in which year, June
24th, the Rev. Philip Fithian observed in these
backwoods the unusual phenomena at Samuel
Lyon's house, namely : " He lives neat, has
glass-windows and has apparently a good farm."
John Lyon, Jr., married INIar^', daughter of
John Harris. He took up additional tracts ad-
joining his father's surveys, in 1793. By tlie
will of his father, December 9, 1779, he gave
young John a tract of four hundred and thirty-
nine acres, extending across the valley from
ridge to ridge. He sold this to Stephen
Doughman June 1, 1797, who, on April 4,
1806, passed it to James, father of Robert and
William Sterrett. Lyon then moved to Arm-
strong County.
Molly Lyon married Benjamin Lyon, who
was a tailor by ti-ade, served as captain in the
Fifth Pennsylvania Line in the Revolution ;
lived at Peru Mills from 1816 to 1821, and
died at Shirleysburg at an advanced age. These
were the parents of Elizabeth, who married
James, a son of James above-named, and lived
in Fulton County ; and John, of the firm of
Lyon, Shorb & Co., long and extensively known
in the iron trade at Pittsburgh, being, in fact,
at the head of the iron business in the West.
Fanny Lyon married William Graham, Esq.,
already mentioned, and they are the "grand-
parents of Dr. G. M. Graham, of Port
Royal.
The mother of these children was a sister of
General John Armstrong, of Carlisle, wlio, with
two brothers, came to America in 1748, and
died in 1795. His son, John Armstrong, served
in the Revolution, was United States Senator
from New York, minister to France and Sec-
retary of War under Madison.
John McClellan took up a few acres for Eliz-
abeth McClellan below the rocks at " Taylor's
Falls," so called, from Esquire James Taylor,
JUNIATA COUNTY.
761
who laid out Mifflinbiirg on the opposite side
of the river.
John MoClclian, Jr., who died at tiie head
of the Chaudiere River in the Arnold expedi-
tion af>'ainst Quebec in 1775, took up one hun-
dred an<l fifty-eight acres, June 3, 1762, south-
west of Patterson, where S. D. Kepner now re-
sides.
James Sanderson married Nancy McClellan
and lived on part of the McClellan tract ; later on
the Law place, below Patterson, where he kept
a ferry. He also had a tannery prior to 1809 in
Mifflintown, which his brother Alexander carried
on after that date. He kept also a tavern in Mif-
flintown. Of his children, Alexander Sanderson
married Nancy Davidson and moved to Selma,
Ala., taking his mother with him. Joseph
Sanderson for many years kept the Merchants'
Hotel, on Fourth Street, in Philadelphia. He
superintended its reconstruction, having then
(1836) another hotel. Afterwards he kept a
house on Chestnut Street. His wife was a Tod-
hunter.
Robert Huston warranted two hundred and
fifty acres July 6, 1762, long known as the Ben
Kepner farm (now John R. Jenkins'). It was
surveyed May 31, 1763, then in "'Leek" town-
ship, and contained two hundred and seventy-
three acres. William Norris was then on the
Waldsmith side.
There is a common opinion among the people
that the celebrated Sam Houston, of Texas, was
a descendant of Robert Houston (Huston and
Hustion), who lived at the Jenkins place, a
mile east of Walnut post-office, from 1763 to
1783 by the tax-lists. There were also two
or three of the name, probably Robert's brothers,
living about the same time near McVeytown ;
but there is nothing to prove that these settlers
were the ancestors of Samuel Houston. There
are five cabins in five counties of this State
where it is firndy believed that General Samuel
Houston was born.
Robert Lytic, January 22, 1767, located the
survey, one hundred and sixty-five acres, after-
wards Robert Monteith and later Charles Hite,
and now Waldsmith brothers.
Charles Pollock warranted one hundred and
fiftv-three acres on the south side of Houston,
March 3, 1789, though he had live<l here al-
ready in 1767 and perhaps earlier. It is now
George Wilson's place, farmed by D. P. Sh<jw-
ers.
Henry McCrum, a Revolutionary soldier,
moved to Juniata County in 1788. His chil-
dren were Michael, who served in Lee's Par-
tisan Rangers during the Revolutiyn (he and
his comrade came to Milford two years before
his father; about 1790 he removed to Sauls-
bury, in Huntingdon County) ; William, the
owner of the upper mill on Licking Creek and
ancestor of most of those of the name now in
the county ; James married to Margaret Camp--
bell ; George married Polly Campbell ; Philip
married the widow of James ; Joseph married
Jane Horrell, and their children were John H.
(the father of Colonel E. B. McCrumj Jane,
Sarah, Margaret, Mary (now the wife of John
Robison, in Patterson). Jane, daughter of Wil-
liam, married Samuel Belford, grandfather of
Congressman Belford, of Colorado.
Robert Campbell, September 23, 1766, took
up one hundred and twenty-eight acres since
known as the Peter Shitz farm ; not Mitchel
Varnes.
John Hamilton warranted two hundred and
fifty acres, February 9, 1769, a little lower down
and across the creek from the forge. He was
a kind of backwoods home doctor in his day.
The tract is now owned by John Beshore, Har-
rison McDonald and Jacob Lauver, and was
formerly long held by Richard Cunningham.
Next the creek, at Thomas Stewart's, Duncan
McDonald had fifty-four acres, October 31,
1766, and Thomas Bowel (Boal) had ninety-
five and one hundred and thirty-eight acres on
two orders, March 23, 1767. This passed to
John and Jean Anderson ; later the Alexander
farm ; now Orrin Groninger and Herman ^Ic-
Donald.
June 29, 1803, AVilliam Harris, surveyor,
divided the McDonald survey " at recpiest of
Thomas Anderson — the Dutchman, not satisfietl,
alleging there is too nmch of the ridge on the
south side included, and says that the fence was
the line sold to him."
John Blackburn had surveyed tt) iiim two
hundred and seven acres, August 18, 1762,
762
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
bordering on Licking Creek, where J. K. Rob-
ison now lives, and half of which is owned by
Judge Lewis Burchfield. This is the Thomas
McCahau tract, spoken of elsewhere. At Burch-
field's formerly lived Esquire Patrick Mc-
Kennan, who voted and acted as justice of the
peace many years, but was not naturalized.
One Jacob, Kinzer challenged his vote at the
polls simjjly to annoy him, when it was discov-
ered that he was unnaturalized, and his judicial
acts all being illegal, it made quite an excite-
ment. The Legislature came to the rescue sub-
sequently with an act to legalize all his pro-
ceedings.
John Lyon warranted two hundred and
seventy-three acres, September 13, 1766, beyond
Blackburn and Anderson, where William Ster-
rett now resides, and comprising the farm of
Judge and Dr. Sterrett. His son, Samuel
Lyon, warranted two hundred and sixty acres
beyond him, September 13, 1766, in the heart
of the valley. The lands next the ridges at each
side were taken up by them at a later period.
The lands of the main surveys were held on
" an improvement made by Robert Crungleton,"
whom the Lyons bought out. William Lyon
was a surveyor at Carlisle, and looked out this
tract for his father, John, before he came over
from Ireland. Samuel Lyon sold to John
Kelly, April 12, 1794. From Kelly it passed
to Joseph B. Ard, then to Moses Kelly, from
whom part passed to John P. Kelly, Doyle's
Mills, and part, two hundred and eighteen
acres, to Pomeroy's heirs. The stone house of
John Kelly, built in 1810, was struck by light-
ning in January, 1811, — a very unusual freak
of nature.
The tract along the river just above Wilson,
at Poi't Royal, was warranted to William Blythe,
and sold to George Armstrong, August 3, 1762,
who sold it to Charles Stewart in 1766 ; now
John Kepner's heirs.
In 1 801 Josiah Wilson sold John Rice his
part of his father, Thomas', estate adjoining the
creek bridge. Most of this is now owned by
Professor David Wilson, principal of Airy
View Academy.
Robert Campbell and William Buchanan got
a warrant for twenty-five acres, March 17,
1755, " including a mill-seat and meadow on the
north side of Licking Creek." This seems to
be the middle mill. The same persons, on the
same day, got a warrant for seventy-five acres,
" including an improvement made by Robert
Campbell near the mouth of Licking Creek."
This was the bottom-land, midway between the
two lower mills ; afterwards sold to Thomas
Armstrong, and then to George Wilson. Thomas
Wilson and Thomas Jeffries, February 9, 1767,
took up the tract above. The lands at the
lower mill were in Thomas Wilson's Port
Royal surveys. An old draft gives the lower
mill locality, and says " cut off for Robert
Campbell, 15th April, 1767." Another draft
says : " William Buchanan and Robert Camp-
bell, thirty acres, being ])art of the two hundred
and seventy-one acres warranted by Wilson
February 3, 1755." This looks a little as if
Campbell's mill at first was at the site of the
lower mill, but we have no further evidence.
He had his mill from 1767 to 1790; then his
son William to 1796. The conveyance of
Campbell to his son, in 1790, proves that his
mill was the middle one on Licking Creek.
Strange to say, William Campbell and Michael
Monahan obtained a new warrant, April 5,
1796, for one hundred acres, and laid it on this
very property, then having the mill upon it. It
then passed to John Lytle, who ran it over
thirty-five years. Since then it lias been owned
by John H. Stewart, who built the present
mill ; then by John S. Miller, Jacob Lemon and
Hawn brothers.^
Jones, who wrote history out of his own head
like a novelist, says that " several j)ersons were
wounded, but there is no authentic record of
any one being killed" at Campbell's. It is a
1 The reader is referred to the third chapter of the Gen-
eral History for the accounts of the attack on Robert Camp-
bell's house, July 10, 1763, as given in a letter written at
Carlisle, .July 12th, and published in the Pennsylvania Ga-
zette, July 21st following. Also Robert Robison's Narra-
tive, published at Carlisle in 1808. The hatter account
says the incident occurred on July 6th, but as it was writ-
ten several years after, the 10th, as given in the Carlisle let-
ter, written two days after, is probably correct.
In the chapter on Election Districts of Juniata County,
it will be seen that the election in 1776 was held at Rob-
ert Campbell's mill.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
763
(juestion where Campbell's house was at this
time. He owned the land at the point between
Tuscarora and Lickinji; Creeks, and also a large
tract across the creek, where David Hertzler
lives, and also at the Middle Licking Creek
Mill. We prefer to locate him at the point
whei'e the creeks unite. There are such well-
founded traditions as to this spot that it seems
pretty certainly to have been the place. This
land afterwards fell into the hands of Thomas
Wilson, tiien to his son, George Wilson, then to
his son, William W. Wilson, who in his life-time
gave the writer a circumstantial account of the
traditions handed down in the family, which,
among other things, was that Campbell's house
was on this ]ioint where the creeks unite, and
that "the men killed were buried near tiie gate,
just as you go into the house, and were marked
by having an apple-tree planted on each side
of the graves," by which they were pointed out
for many years, even within his memory,
Campbell was not at the house on the 10th of
July. Who the four men were, beside Jeffries,
who were killed is not known. Wilson
thought Campbell had a son killed, who was
married and left a male child. This is very
improbable. He could not then have had a
son so old. His house is often called Camp-
bell's Fort. It was, however, probably after this
raid that it was fixed with loop-holes and facil-
ities for defense. The historical map places this
fort at the p(jint where the creeks unite. He
had two daughters, married to Thomas Arm-
strong and Abraham Wilson. His daughter,
Margaret, married James McCrum, then Philip
McCrum. He has sons, William and John,
living in 1790. No doubt the old gentlemen
lived with Robert, Jr., son of James, at tiiis
old fort mansion, in 1790, for he provides for
food and lodging at this place during his life.
The location is fixed in the terms elsewhere
given, calling the place the Diven and White
tract. His son James had, beside Robert, Jr.,
sons named John and William, and a daughter
Polly, married to George McCrum. It is of
James, who disappears from the tax-lists after
1778, that the story is related that he was cap-
tured by Indians, shot through the wrist, his
comrade killed and he tied to a tree neiu- Mil-
ford Siding. This event is not very surely dated,
some giving it as occurring during the Revdlu-
tionaiy War, which renders the story improba-
ble. He was married to Mary Armstrong,
whose father was drowned at Groninger's, and
had a son William, a blacksmith, who had a .son
James. There was a son of James, son of the
blacksmith, William, that went to California,
where it is said he has become very wealthy.
Some si.x years ago he came to Juniata to see
the old mill-site and other places made sacre<l
in his ancestral history.
Campbell, who owned the middle mill, had a
good many other tracts of land, one of which
was just below Mifflintown. Wilson built the
lower mill on Licking Creek for his son George.
In course of time these men differed, quarreled
and went to law about their lands, the rival
mills perhaps creating jealousy. After spend-
ing much of their means in law-suits, their sons,
the most interested parties, saw their paternal
estates wasting away in disputes in which they
felt little interest. They accordingly jirevailed
on their paternal heads to leave them settle the
disputes, which they did, and put on record at
Lewistown the following novel, yet sensilile,
agreement. It presents a good lesson to men
in our day.
" Mifflin County, S. S., Milford township :
"We, the under named subscribers, Thomas Wilson
and Robert Campbell, do solemnly swear that we will
stand to and abide by the judgment and award of
William Campbell and George Wilson, in all the dis-
putes that we have with each other relating to land
and other ways, and that we will sign all writings or
instruments of writing that the aforesaid William
Campbell and George Wilson will (decide) necessary
for us to sign, relating to the settling of all disputes
and controvereies subsisting between us, and that we
will sign all bonds and conveyances and pay all costs
that the aforesaid William Campbell and George
Wilson will judge us to pay and sign relating to the
settling of the aforesaid controversies betwixt us, and
that we will never infringe on the judgment and award
of the aforesaid William Campbell and George Wil-
son.
"Sworn and subscribed this 3rd day of April, a.d.
1790, before William Bell.
" Thomas Wilsox.
"William Campbell."
June 24, 1790, Robert Campbell, for a bond
of William Campbell and Thomas Turbett tiir
764
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
fifteen pounds specie, to be paid every year
during his life, disposed of a tract of three
hundred acres, " whereon my grist-mill and
saw-mill stand," and bounded by lands of
John Lyon, William Henderson, James Rod-
man and claim of Thomas Wilson.
June 29, 1790, Robert Campbell, of Mil-
ford township, sold to John Campbell the
tract now in possession of Michael McCrum.
June 29, 1790, Robert Campbell, for paternal
aifection and natural love gave "for my son
James Campbell, deceased, and which I now
have for my grandson, Robert Campbell, Jr.,
son of James, one-half of the William Diven
and George White tract for seven pounds specie
during life yearly, and meat, drink, washing
and lodging when asked."
Thomas Wilson built a saw-mill at the
mouth of Licking Creek in 1794. He died in
1796. In 1797 his son George had the mill, and
by the next year he added a grist-mill. In 1820
the mills passed to Matthias Gish ; later, owned
by William Miller and others. Some years since
Stewart McCulloeh, the present owner, rebuilt
this mill. Near by the mill a woolen-factory
was erected, which, after running a short time,
was turned into a handle-factory, and, as such,
run for about three years. It is now idle.
Near the head of this dam, on the west side,
at the cliif, there was a spring of salty water,
and an effort was once made to bore for saline
waters strong enough to mamifacture salt.
As late as March 1, 1787, George Bratton
applied for one hundred acres " on Licking
Creek, at the Beaver Dams." This was prob-
ably well up the creek.
Daniel Jones, August 1, 1766, wanted fifty
acres " on south side of Juniata, on Beaver
Run," — a name now lost sight of, but supposed
to be in Juniata County.
James Sterrett lived near Mount Joy, Lan-
caster County, and had sons, — James, Robeit,
Charles and William. Robert removed to
Mifflin County and had sons, David and John.
Charles removed to New York. William re-
mained in Lancaster. The children of James,
Jr., who married Annie Kennedy, were James,
Samuel (who died near Academia in 1849),
Polly (wife of Alexander Patterson), Robert
(married to Margaret Patterson, died in 1862),
Sarah and William (married a daughter of
Goshen John Thompson). The sons of Robert
are Judge James P. Sterrett, of the Supreme
Court, and Dr. John P. Sterrett, of Pittsburgh.
William Diven and George White warranted
one hundred and fifty-four acres, March 3,
1755, at the confluence of Licking Creek with
the Tuscarora, and up along the latter. This
tract was bought by Robert Campbell, who
gave the upper part, one hundred and one
acres, to Abraham Wilson, his son-in-law, and
the lower end to his grandson, Robert Camp-
bell, Jr.
That part of Milford township bordering on
Tuscarora Creek, above the Groninger bridge,
is full of historic interest. It will be seen by
a document, under the head of Beale township,
that Robert Bell actually had a " settlement "
in this region before the lands were purchased
from the Indians. At a later period we find
John Johnson between Robert and William
Bell, as appears by the following :
" Know all men by these presents, that I, John
Johnson, of Cumberland County, yoman, hath sold
all my right, title and Interest of that track of Land
I formerly lived on, which I supos to be about five
hundred acrakers, with the indin Corn raased this
Sumer, Lyeing and situated on the nor west side of
toskarora Creeck, — robert bell a bove and william
down below, — to Jeames Sample and Thos. Harris, in
the County of Lancaster, for Eight pounds payed to
me iu hand, and dos warrant and defend Said
track of Land and Corn from all manor of person or
persons what sume ever Leaying any prayor Claim or
title there unto, the honorable proprietors excepted.
" Given under my hand and seall this 10 day of no-
.vember, 1755.
" John Johnson [Seal].
" testator : Benjamin Price. James Clark.
" (Endorsed) : John Johnston. His Bill of Sale.
" Received of Jeames Sample and Thos. Harris
Eight pouns, it being in full for the plantation I
Lived on and the Indian Corn I rased this Sumer
ther un. november 10, 1755.
" John Johnson.
" Witness present : James Clark. Benjm. Price.
"(Endorsed) : Mr. Johnson. His recet for eight
Pound."
This document carries us back one hundred
and thirty years, — just after Braddock's defeat.
This yeoman, John Johnson, the White Hunter,
JUNIATA COUNTY.
765
must liaN'e been leaving thi.s sectiou in a Imrry,
or he would not have sold his entire corn crop
for eight pounds, and thrown about five hun-
dred acres of land into the bargain. It was a
mere " improvement " right that was sold.
James Armstrong warranted one hundred
and fifty acres on the bend of the creek, where
Jacob Groninger, Sr. and Jr., now reside.
Above this, on the road and creek, Ralph
Sterrett, the ubiquitous land-jobber, warranted
a tract of one hundred and twelve acres, July
22, 1762, where John Eobison, Jr., now resides.
It passed to Captain Patterson.
David and William Bell warranted one hun-
dred and eighty-seven acres September 8,
1855, now owned by the heirs of John Robi-
son and by Robert Robison. William, David
and Arthur were brothers. William married
a Bryson and lived on the island, and his sons
were Robert and General William Bell, of Mif-
flintown.
Above these on tlie creek came the survey of
Alexander Maginty, and above it to the north
that of Clement Horrell ; but as these are in
Beale, the reader is referred to that township,
though all these tracts along the creek are inti-
mately connected and the lines changal in later
times.
Back of the Bell tract was the tract of two
hundred and ninety-six acres warranted to
Robert Taylor September 28, 1767, afterwards
held by William Bell.
Below this, and reaching the creek back of
Sterrett and Armstrong, was the tract warranted
to Harris and McKee, two hundred acres, June
10, 1762.
Above Harris and McKee, Ann Taylor war-
ranted two hundred and fifty -eight acres No-
vember 28, 1767.
The Johnson corn-field was in the northeast
corner of the tract surveyed to Sterrett, and a,s
William Bell was down below, it is probable
that the Armstrong claims were based on his
improvement. The claim of the White Hunter
was sold to James Mays, and the following
shows his disposition of it :
"Know all men by these presents that I, James Mays
&Sarah mays, of the township of Ralphe & Couuty of
Lancaster & province of Pennsylvania, hath Sold to
Robert taylor, of the township of Dery and County
aUbresaid, for and in Consideration of the Sum of
Eight pounds Lawful Money of pensylvania, to me in
hand paid for all our right and title of a track of
Land Situate on tuskarora Creek, formerly the Clame
of Johnston, formerly known By the name of the
white hunter, which we warant & Defend our part of
Said Land from all person or persons whatsoever, the
honorable propriator excepted, as wittness hands this
fifteenth day of September, 176(5. "James Mayes,
" Sarah Mayes.
"Wittness present: Abraham Morrow, James
Morrow (signed Ijy mark), Jno. Sample.
" (Endorsed) : James Mayes, title."
On September 29, 1767, Robert Taylor
entered a caveat against Armstrong's survey,
claiming that "the survey includes the best of
the land necessary to support his improve-
ment." They had a hearing, but the authori-
ties confirmed Armstrong's title and told Taylor
to till out his claim by extending back on the
ridge. Taylor had fooled his time away in not
getting a warrant and having his land surveyed.
The five hundred acres of the White Hunter
are embraced in the Sterrett, Robert Taylor and
Harris and McKee tracts — McKee taking the
place of Sample. The latter, where Leonard
Groninger now resides, reaches the creek where
Merchant John Patterson had a warehouse and
built arks at the mouth of a run on which
Groninger has a saw-mill. Robert Taylor
bought out the heirs of Armstrong and had it
patented October 6, 1802, under the name of
" Taylor's Hope."
On September 8, 1755, Surveyor Samuel
liyon cut out of the Bell tract, at the east side,
a small piece for a mill-seat for Robert Taylor —
the survey here extending over the creek — and
Taylor at this time also held the Sterrett survey.
About 1803 Taylor had a mind to erect a mill
here. Mercliant John Patterson, at Pomeroy's
Mill, had an eye to business, and blocked that
littlegame of building an opposition mill by pur-
chasing the adjoining Sterrett-Taylor tract.
Taylor and his wife and two children were
among those taken captives by the Indians in
1756, at Bigham's Fort. How long he was
held in captivity and how he got back is not
recorded, but on July 14, 1758, he was exam-
ined, in connection with Francis Innis and his
sister, before the Provincial Council, a^i to tlie
766
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
behavior of one Lawrence Burk, who had mar-
ried and lived among the Indians during the
war.'
Charles Guss, the progenitor of all bear-
ing the name in the United States, as far as
known, came from Baden, Germany, to Amer-
ica about 1750. He was a school-teacher, and
lived most of his time in Vincent township,
Chester County. His wife was Mary, daughter
of Simon Shunk, whose wife was a daughter of
Courad Shinier, a wealthy gentleman and bene-
factor of the churches of Pikeland and Zion.
Simon seems to have been the uncle of Gov-
ernor Shunk.
The children of these parents were Mary
Magdalena, Charles Jr., Rachel, Catharine and
Elizabeth (twins), Simon, Salome. Rachel and
Salome were married to Conrad Holman, who
moved near Landisburg, in Perry County,
where many of his descendants still reside,
being intermarried with the Leiby, Jordan,
Stroop, Sheibley, Burtnett, Baker and Kohler
families. Charles, Jr., married Martha Lim-
burg, and their children were Samuel (Potts-
ville), John (Sunbury), Casper (Fremont, Ohio),
Lewis (Winnemac, Ind.), Christiana, Sophia,
Catharine. Their descendants are scattered far
and wide, the wife of Dr. G. L. Derr, of
Mifflintown, being a daughter of Samuel.
Charles Guss died in 1795, aged sixty-three
years; his wife Mary died in 1821, aged eighty
years. They are buried at Rhodes' Mennonite
Meeting-House, near Spring City, built in 1750,
in which house at one time C'harles taught
school.
Simon Guss was l)oru February 15, 1773,
and was five years old when the patriot army
lay near by, at Valley Forge. His trade was
that of a shoemaker and he resided near Kim-
berton. In 1803 he moved near Landisburg,
Perry County, near where Holman, the husband
of his sister, and Zachariah Rice, Jr., the hus-
band of his wife's sister, had moved previously.
In 1815, Simon Guss and his son Al>raham
came over the Tuscarora Mountain to Milford
township, in Juniata County, after the customs
of those days, when tailors, shoemakers and
1 See Col. Rec. viii. 143-147.
such tradesmen did their work from house to
house. Being pleased with the country and
the business outlook in that region, the family
was moved over the next year.
Simon Guss married Barbara, daughter of
Henry Knerr, who came to America a poor
boy, in 1752, served his time to pay his passage
with Conrad Seiner, and as the result of a
prosperous life, he died about 1805, leaving an
estate worth near ten thousand dollars. In re-
turning from a trip to Chester County, Barbara
brought with her one time, tied on behind the
saddle on which she rode, two small sweet
cherry trees, one black and the other red, which
were planted at her residence, where Ephraim
Guss now lives, and were the first fruit of the
kind planted in that region.
Simon Guss died in 1818, aged forty-five
years ; and his wife Barbara died in 1843, aged
seventy-five years. They are buried at the
Lutheran Church in Mifflintown.
The children of Simon and Barbara Guss
were Henry, John, Samuel, Charles, Abraham,
Isaac, Jacob, George, Elizabeth and William,
all born between the years 1762 and 1777.
All but the second and fourth raised families.
Samuel died in West Chester (1859) and Jacob
near Spring City (1875), in Chester County.
Henry (1866), Isaac (1877), Elizabeth Kerlin
(1851) and Abraham died in Milford, while
George still lives there, and William near Barry,
111.
Abraham Guss, Sr., was born on French
creek, East Vincent township, Chester County,
September 13, 1800. At the age of eighteen lie
was left the oldest of six children at home, who,
with a widowed mother, were to care and pro-
vide for. Thus placed at the head of the fam-
ily, he passed through a severe and trying
school, but it no doubt tended greatly to develop
his self-reliance and fit him for a successful
after-life. For several years he traveled over a
radius of half a dozen miles, carrying his kit of
tools, and even a stool, making his home for the
time being with his patrons, according to the
customs of those days. By the aid of his indus-
trious, exemplary and economical helpmate, he
accumulated sufficient to buy the McGuire-
Hardy-Patterson tract, on Licking Creek, in
JTTNIATA COTTNTY.
767
1832, on which he lived fifty-two years, on
which he erected a fine brick house, a large
bank barn, cider-press, saw-mill, a tenant-house
and other buildings, and greatly improved and
enlarged the farm. He was a successful farmer,
a substantial citizen, an honest and judicious
man. In 1820 he joined the Lutheran Church
at Church Hill, near Port Koyal ; soon after-
wards he transferred his membership to MifHin-
town, where he was an elder as early as 1837 ;
and his name is found at the head of almost
every subscription paper up to 18(51, when he
took an active part in the erection of a new
church near his home in Licking Creek, and
was the largest contributor to that laudable
enterprise.
In 1820 he married Mary M., daughter of
Henry Ache (or Aughey), Sr. She was an
estimable woman, who, during a long church
life, " maintained a consistent deportment and
performed the relative duties of life with faith-
ful assiduity." After a painful illness, she died
peaceful and happy, August 6, 1854, aged fifty-
eight years and four months, and was buried at
the church in Mifllintown. The Ach6 familj-
were French Huguenots. Three brothers came
to America September 22, 1752. One of these,
who on arrival signed himself Johan Lndwig
Ach6 in fine Latin script, taught French and
learned English in the " hoch schul " in Phila-
delphia ; removed to and taught school in Vin-
cent, Chester County ; served in a company
againt the Indians ; removed to Tulpehocken,
Berks County, before 1759 ; then near Lingles-
town, Dauphin County, in 1774, where he died
after 1793. His sou Henry, who removed to
Milford township in 1803, was married to Eliz-
abeth, daughter of John, son of Daniel Shuey,
also a French Huguenot, who landed here in
1732 — the name being originally Shuc, like
Ache. Luche and such names. A Shuey geneal-
ogy has been published. Conrad, brother of
Eiizai)eth, lived near Lieutenant Caleb Graydon
in Paxtang, bought his tract above Patterson,
moved up in 1792 and was the means of getting
the Ache family to move u]i. Conrad after-
wards moved near Greensburg.
After the death of Mary M., his first wife,
Abraham Guss, Sr., was married to Elizabeth,
daughter of Jacol) Partner, and widow of .Joshua
Shuman, and she is still living.
Abraham Guss, Sr., died August 9, 1884,
aged eighty-three years, ten months and twenty-
six days, and was buried at the Lutiieran Church
in Licking Creek Valley.
His children were all by the first marriage,
— Uriah, married Catharine Sieber ; Catharine,
married Abraham Guss, Jr.; Elizabeth, mar-
ried Christopher Hardy, Jr.; Mary M., married
Michael Sieber; William, married ]Mary R.
Shuman (then Mary A. Mover) ; Abraham Ij.,
the subject of this sketch ; Salina, married John
T. Mettlen ; Jeiferson, J. A., of Company I,
One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment
Pennsylvania Volunteers, died February 11,
1863, aged over twenty-one years.
Abraham L. Guss, son of Abraham Guss, Sr.,
and Mary Alagdalena Ache (now Aughey), was
born August 21, 1834, in Milford township,
Juniata County, in Licking Creek Valley, four
miles west of MifBiutown. In his early youth
he attended the public schools, where a desire
for more knowledge was awakened. He entered
the preparatory department of Pennsylvania
College, at Gettysburg, in the fall of 1851, in
M'hich he spent two years, and then tlu'ee years
in the college classes. In the year 1856 he
married Susan Maria, daughter of Christian and
Margaret Mummert Rindlaub, residing in Stra-
ban township, Adams County, who was born
January 14, 1836. They removed to Johns-
town, Cambria County, where he taught a year
in the gymnasium as associate principal, and
then a year in the graded public schools. He
then returned to college, and was graduated with
the class of 1859. By private study he entered
the second year's course in the theological semi-
nary the same fall, and in the spring of 1860
was licensed by the Evangelical Lutheran Synod
of Central Pennsylvania, and in July took
charge of the congregations in and near Dick-
inson (Centreville), eight miles above Carlisle,
in Cumberland County, where he remained a
year, returning home during the winter. He
purchased th > Ji<n;Wa Sentinel in July, 1861,
and published a strong Union paper, upholding
the Lincoln administration in every eflbrt to
suppress the Rebellion. In the fall of 1865 he
768
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
sold the printing-office and took charge of, as
principal and proprietor, a soldiers' orphans'
school at Cassville, Huntingdon County, under
laws relating thereto in the commonwealth. He
conducted this school with great success until
December, 1872, when he purchased the Hunt-
ingdon Globe, removed to that town and became
its editor. In the fall of that year he took an
active interest, through the columns of his paper
and by personal effort, in a Congressional con-
the 26th of August, 1885, when, being an "of-
fensive partisan," he had the honor to resign by
request, deeming this a testimonial of his influ-
ence and manhood. While in charge of the or-
phans' school he was designated the " professor,"
which has clung as a convenient but meaning-
less handle to his name ever since. He has
written and published several addresses, a num-
ber of articles on Indians, and historical, genea-
logical and biographical sketches. His oldest
JJ'.^.
^^^-'^--y.
test. He continued to edit the Globe \\aX\\ July,
1877 ; having demonstrated his capacity to de-
fend his own castle, he ceased to fight other
men's battles at his own expense, and retired
from the turmoils of politics. The next two
years were spent in closing up business and in
historical pursuits, especially in collecting mat-
ter I'elating to Juniata County. In December,
1879, he accepted a clerkship in the Internal
Revenue Bureau of the Treasury Department in
Washington, D. C, where he continued until
child, Adelaide L., died at the age of four and
a-lialf years. He has one son, Harry T., and
four daughters, — Annie M., Mary F., Katie B.
and Emma G. Harry T. is a student of medi-
cine, and resides in Philadelphia.
Captivity of Leonard Groxinger. — Leon-
aid Groninger and Stephen Doiighuian lived near
Lewisburgh prior to the Revolution. They eame
to Tuscarora in 1797. The Doughmans lived on the
Sterrett farm. Groninger died in 1831 ; he had broth-
ers named Jacob, Joseph and Daniel ; and their
I father's name was also Leonard. He and his wife
JUNIATA COUNTY.
769
were both killed by Indians about the time of the
Wyoming massacre. Leonard, Jr., who came to
Juniata, was married to Barbara, daughter of George
Moy, Sr., and had sons named Jacob, Henry, Leonard
and George. Jacob was born in 1796 and is still
living. When Leonard was seventeen years of age, a
short time before his father's death, as they were
plowing, they saw some Indians cross the head of the
field. They alarmed the neighbors, who turned out
and hunted two days for them, but gave it up and re-
turned to the fort. Groninger was with two men,
Moore and Himpleman. As they were passing
through the woods they noticed Himpleman's dog act-
ing very queer, and then suddenly he ran away. As
Groninger cast his eye into the bushes at the side of
the road, he looked right into the muzzle of a gun.
Instantly they were fired upon. JEoore ran back and
escaped. Himpleman was killed. Groninger being
shot in the hand, ran a distance and sat down. The
Indians came upon him ; one lifted his tomahawk to
split his skull ; another held it and asked him if he
was able to travel. He said, yes. They burned his
father's house. There was among them a white man
named Conrad Houser, who was the most cruel, and
wanted to kill him. They went to the Genesee Val-
ley, near Rochester. In the spring they were put to
planting corn with the squaws and old Indians. After
he had been with them nine months, one day, while
the warriors were on an expedition, one of the cap-
tives named Reigert, while squaws were cooking din-
ner, stepped into the edge of the woods, and throwing
down his hoe, declared that he would never hoe an-
other hill of corn for the Indians. After a consulta-
tion, he and Groninger struck for the heads of the
Susquehanna. When they came to the river they
tried to make a raft, but, observing a bark canoe float-
ing down, they got into that and worked their way
down the stream for two days. At last they ran under
a tree and were scraped out and lost the canoe. After
some time they found an old dug-out canoe, which
they used. They [lived on tea-berries and sassafras
leaves, and they became very weak. Groninger
had white swelling on his leg, and could scarcely
walk. Reigert found something to eat, but eat it him-
self, saying to Groninger: "You won't live any
way." At length they were going to stop under a
sheltering rock one night, and, on entering, were
alarmed by a rattlesnake, whose dormitory they had
invaded. Fleeing in terror, they again took to their
boat, and, by the current and their feeble efforts,
moved on all night. At daylight they were rejoiced
to hear it heralded by the familiar barn-yard fowls.
They came to habitations and rejoiced once more in
freedom, safety and civilization. A man who rode up
the river a mile or two that morning was shot by pur-
suing Indians. The snake had saved them. Another
man who was with the same Indians returned in after-
years and told how the Indians made splints before
the remaining captives, to burn the two runaways as
49
soon as they would be recaptured. Reigert visited
Groninger after he had removed to Tuscarora.
Jacob's brothers moved to Indiana. He married, first,
Nancy Hench, and, second, Sidney, daughter of
Richard, son of Mountain Thomas Wilson. His sons
are John, Leonard, .Jacob, Orrin, Henry, the first
wife's children ; and George, Samuel, William, Ben-
jamin and James N., all of whom are among our
well-known and substantial citizens."
The Forge ox Lickixg Creek. — From
information gained from the tax-lists, it is
found that in 1791 Thomas Beale and William
Sterrett were in possession of one hundred and
fifty acres of land, and in a review of a road,
reported at the IMarch term of court, the forge
of Thomas Beale is mentioned. It was built
upon the one hundred and fifty acres mentioned
above. In the next year the firm had four
hundred and fifty acres and a saw-mill addi-
tional. In 1800, Thomas Cromwell is taxed
with the same property. After this it disap-
pears from the lists. In 1792 the forge was
valued by the assessor at eighty pounds ; in 1 794,
at one hundred pounds ; and 1799, at one thou-
sand dollars. November 10, 1797, the forge
was sold by Sheriff Andrew Nelson, and pur-
chased by Thomas Cromwell for ten hundred
and twenty pounds. It included, with the real
estate, "a forge and two hammers." Three
pounds equaled eight dollars.
The pig-iron used in this forge was hauled to
the Juniata from furnaces in Centre County,
and from the furnace owned by Cromwell, at
Orbisonia, and floated down the river in rafts
to Patterson, and thence hauled out to the forge.
On one occasion a raft stranded in the river
above the island and a lot of pig-iron lost in the
water. Pieces were afterwards fished out by
the settlers and used as andirons. The writer
well remembers the two pieces of this old pig-
iron used on the ancestral hearth. The forge
was not a paying investment to Beale & Sterrett.
They were too far from base. William Sterrett
was the son of Ralph, the Indian trader, and
said to be the first white child born in the
county. He was in Fermanagh 1785—89 and
1801-06, and in Milford 1790-1800; sheriff in
1785. Beale lived at Pomeroy's store, and
built the first mill west of the river. The forge
seems to have crippled him financially during
770
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
life. When his father died he provided in his
will that all the money for which he and his
son David had gone security should be first paid
out of the share coming to Thomas. When this
was done there were less than sixty pounds left
of his patrimony. Among the sums thus to be
paid, in 1801. was one hundred and seventy -six
pounds to R. Coleman, of Cornwall Furnace,
Lebanon County. Cromwell no doubt was a
creditor, which induced his purciiase. Cromwell
never ran tlie forge after his purchase. Peter
Shitz says it was standing yet when he came to
the county, in 1808. Soon after some men, who
were gigging with pine-lights one night, passed
over the dam and dropping some fire among
a lot of dry drift wood about the forebay, the
fire spread to the buildings and all was con-
sumed. Now only stone-heaps and charcoal-
colored ground marks the spot of this truly
early and only iron enterprise in this county.
No other iron-works were ever started in this
county.
Paper-Mill on Licking Creek. — There
was a paper-mill built on Licking Creek, seven
miles west of MiiHintown, in 1817, by James
Norton and William Selheimer. As early as
November, 1816, there was an application for a
road " from where a new paper-mill is about to
be erected on Licking Creek." Norton, having
died, was succeeded by William Kirk, in 182.3,
and upon the death of the other partner, liis son,
Absalom, father of Colonel John B. Selheimer,
of Lewistown, succeeded in 1827, and under
this firm the mill is still on the tax-lists of 1831,
and valued at two thousand dollars. From 1832
to 1834 the paper-mill and saw-mill of Kirk
& Selheimer are valued at one thousand dol-
lars ; but from that time the paper-mill ceases
to be assessed. To get lumber a saw-mill was
first erected, which was built in 1817, which ran
many years after tiie paper-mill ceased opera-
tions. The firm kept a team, and their rags
were gathered from all parts of the surrounding
country, wagons being the only means of
such transportation. It employed about half a
dozen expert men, the same number of women,
and a number of boys ; the latter were engaged
in assorting the rags. It was in active opera-
tion about twelve years. Printing-paper,
writing-paper and brown wrappings were
made here. Some of the early Juniata Valley
newspaper enterprises received their supplies
from this mill.
The Juniata Tannery. — In 1834, Sing-
master & Co. erected a large tan-factory on
Licking Creek, six miles west of Mifflintown.
A large dam gave ample water-power. Part of
tiie time it went under the name of Miller, Lip-
pincott & Co., but the Singmasters had an in-
terest all the time, and William Miller, resident
manager, was married to a sister of the Sing-
master brotliers. The rock oak Iwirk was taken
from the adjoining mountains to their very tops.
Over five hundred cords were ground in this
factory in a year. The company kept a store,
and also run a saw-mill. Henry Singmaster,
who remained on the ground until about 1863,
died recently at Stroudsburg, worth one hundred
thousand dollars, which he donated to the theo-
logical schools of the Lutheran Church. Since
the abandonment of the factory the buildings
have decayed or been removed, and only a saw-
mill now remains.
In 1817 Milford lost one hundred and seventy-
five out of her four hundred and forty taxables
by the formation of Turbett ; and in 1 843 she
again lost one hundred and forty out of her four
hundred and forty taxables ; in 1856 she again
lost that part of her as.sessment roll included in
Patterson borough.
In 1832 the following pleasure vehicles were
all that were in use in Milford (including Beale)
township : John Beale and John Patterson,
gigs ; Benjamin Kepner, John Robison and
Robert Sterrett, dearborns ; John Kepner, a
carriage. There were two hundred and ninety-
two taxables and twenty-four single men.
Lands were rated in seventeen grades, at from
twenty-five cents to thirty dollars per acre.
By act of March 14, 1851, part of Milford
township above the run below McCahan's school-
house, in Licking Creek Valley, was made a sep-
arate road district.
Public Schools. — There are seven public
schools in Milford. 1. Muddy Run, brick,
built in 1881 ; cost, $1287.50. A frame build-
ing previously stood near by, and a stone house,
still older, stood westward on the road near
JUNIATA COUNTY.
771
Slielbum Robinson's. Valentine Carboy kept
scliool in 1797, in an old house near where J. E.
McCrum lives. 2. Red Bank, built in 1807;
cost nine hundred and ninety -five dollars. The
old house has given place to a good frame.
Captain Thomas Horrell taught at Red Bank
when the writer first went to learn the alphabet.
William Hardy, about 1S03, taught in the loft
of his father, Thomas', still-house. The venera-
ble John Robison, of Paterson, went to school
here. Thomas McCurdy, William Hardy,
Joseph Steele and Thomas Gallagher tauglit
where David Partner's stable now is. William
Cunningham, iu 1818, taught where Ernest
Dopjile now lives. 3. INIcCahan's, Upj)er Lick-
ing Creek, built of brick in 1883; cost, eleven
hundred and forty-seven dollars. A school-
house was built here iu 1858. During the run-
ning of the tannery the Methodists had an
organization, and stated services were held in
the school-house. An early Sunday-school was
started and kept up in this house. Just behind
the residence of Mrs. Elizabeth Guss, on Trout
Run, stood a genuine, old-fashioned school- house
with the usual fire-place and a greased-paper-
covered crack window. Here Abraham Guss,
Sr., went to school to David Powell, 1815-17.
It was burned down. After this house was
burnt, a lot was bought. May 2, 1822, at Mc-
Cahan's, where the jjresent house stands and a
house built by subscription ; deed from Patrick
McCahau to Nathan Hoover, W. M. Selheimer,
George Doughmau, for five dollars. 4. Locust
Grove. This house was built iu 1852, cost four-
teen hundred and seventy-five dollars, and the
present brick, twenty-eight by thirty-six feet, took
its place in 1873; cost, seventeen hundred dollars.
Here the township elections are held. About
1812-15 Nathaniel Steele taught in a loft of
Cunningham's spring-house, formerly used as
the forge store-room. 5. Kelly's, brick, built
in 1874; cost, sixteen hundred and twenty-four
dollars. Before this there was a house at Kep-
ner's, on the towuship line, which was abandoned
after Beale town,ship was formed. In 1812
Samuel Wharton taught in the McKennan
school-house, not far from Judge Burchfield's
residence. In 1815 there was school kept near
Sterrett's. 6. McCulloch's Dam, frame, built in
1869 ; cost, $899.50. This accommodates the
region outside of Port Royal borough. In 1805
Benjamin Love taught opposite McCullocli's
Mill. 7. Jack.son, built iu 1856, burnt down
August 24, 1878 ; rebuilt; is twenty-eight by
twenty-four feet ; cost, ten hundred and ninety-
three dollars. This accommodates those who live
near the Tuscarora Creek. From the tax-lists
we learn of the following teachers in the town-
ship : " Magrahon, the school-master," 1792 ;
James Butler, 1824-29 ; William Knox, 1824-
26 ; James Boggs, 1827; John Wright. The
number of children in Milford attending
schools in 1884 was three hundred and fifty.
Milford towuship has been the birth-place of
a number of distinguished men, among whom
are Hon. James P. Sterrett, of Pittsburgh, now
one of the judges of the Supreme Court ; Dr.
John P. Sterrett, his brother, a physician now
of Pittsburgh ; Rev. J. Hervey Beale, the
clia])lain of the First Pennsylvania Cavalry, now
of Philadelphia ; Rev. Thomas Robison, son
of "Creek John," now in Illinois; Rev. John
Guss, now deceased, of the ^Methodist Episcopal
Church ; and Rev. Professor Samuel Aughey,
LL.D., of Lincoln, Nebraska, who is certainly
the greatest scientist, and probably the most va-
ried in the general scope of learning, of any
man born in this county. His works on the phys-
ical geography, botany and geology of Nebraska
are monumeuts of his genius and ability.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
LEWIS BUECHFIELD.
Lewis Burchfield is the grandson of Aquilla
Burchfield, who, with three brothers, emigrated
from Maryland, one locating iu Lancaster
County, Pa., one in North Carolina and a third
in Erie County, Pa., Avhile Aquilla settled in
the present Juniata County, Pa. Thomas, an-
other brother, also made the same coimty his
home, and served during the War of the Revo-
lution. The children of Aquilla Burchfield
were Aquilla, Thomas, James, Robert and sev-
eral daughters. James, of this number, was
born iu Greenwood township, Juniata Countv,
772
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
on the 4th of September, 1774, where his life
was spent in tarming employments. He was
united in marriage to Rachel Cookson, born
September 29, 1769, whose maternal grand-
father, Benjamin Miller, came into the State
with William Penn and settled in Philadelphia,
where he is buried. The children of Mr. and
Mrs. Burchfield are Thomas, born December 5,
1794 ; Aquilla, December 25, 1795 ; Elizabeth
(Mrs. Joseph Edmistou), October 4, 1797;
common schools afforded him a knowledge of
the rudiments of English, though his education
was chiefly the result of careful reading and
study at home, after which he engaged for a
brief period in teaching. Having from boy-
hood assisted his father on the farm, at the age
of twenty he removed with him to Beale town-
ship, Juniata County, and for two years con-
tributed his services in the cultivation and im-
provement of his land. He was, on the 23d of
Sarah (Mrs. Samuel McWilliams), November
22, 1800 ; William, April 18, 1803 ; James,
November 14, 1805 ; Lewis, April 18, 1808 ;
Hannah (Mrs. John Harris), August 18, 1810 ;
and Washington P., July 31, 1814. All, with
the exception of the subject of this sketch, are
deceased. The birth of Lewis Burchfield oc-
curred in Greenwood township, Juniata County
(then Mifflin), from whence he early removed to
Walker township, of the same county. The
March, 1830, married to Jane, daughter of
Patrick McKennen, of Milford township, Ju-
niata County, born February 12, 1812. Their
children are Elizabeth, wife of J. Shelbourn
Robinson, born November 6, 1830; Melvina,
August 25, 1832, who died July 7, 1845; Je-
rome O., September 18, 1834, whose death oc-
curred April 15, 1835; Adaline Ann, wife of
Elder Guilliford, February 8, 1836 ; Mary E,
widow of Samuel Y. Shelley, February 2,
JUNIATA COUNTY.
773
1838; Clarissa J., wife of John D. Miiligan,
May 3, 1840; George W., February 22,
1842, married to Elizabetii Halderman ;
Cliarles, June 9, 1844, died June 15, 1844 ;
Benjamin Franklin, December 27, 1845,
married to Mary Halderman ; Thomas J., No-
vember 12, 1848, who died December 12,
1849 ; Ida C, August 9, 1851, whose death
occurred December 14, 1859; Azile, wife
of William Neely, February 23, 1856. Mrs.
Burchfield died August 15, 1872, and he
was agaiii married, January 28, 1874, to
Mrs. Josephine Brown, daughter of William
McMeen. In 1833, Mr. Burchfield rented a
farm in Mifllin County, uj)on which he con-
tinued for three years, meanwhile holding the
commission as postmaster at Stroud's Mills, in
Oliver township, of that county. He then re-
turned to Juniata County and was, until 1839,
associated with his father. During the latter
year he was appointed prothonotarv of the
county by Governor Porter, and subsequently
elected for two terms, being for seven years the
incumbent of the office. He then returned to the
life of a farmer, and, in 1852, purchased his
present home in JNIilford township, where he
has since been engaged in agricultural pursuits,
though having abandoned active labor ; the
farm is at present rented. Mr. Burchfield was,
as a Democrat, in 1861, elected associate judge
of Juniata County, in which capacity he served
for five years. He has been largely identified
with the interests of both township and county
as a leading citizen. In his religions views he
is a Presbyterian and member of the church of
that denomination in Mifflintown.
CHAPTER X.
TURBETT TOWNSHIP.i
This township was erected under the authority
of the court at Lewistown, by a division of Mil-
ford township. A petition to this purpose was
presented at the August sessions, in 1815, and
William P. Maclay, of Armagh, David Rey-
1 By A. L. Guss.
nolds, of Fermanagh, and Andrew Keiser, of
Lewistown, were appointed viewers. They re-
ported the line as follows :
" Beginning at Tuscarora Creek, where the same
crosses tlie line between Milford and Lack townships,
thence down tlie middle of said creek to the lower
corner of the land of Nicholas Okeson on said creek,
thence along the line between the said Okeson and a
tract of land surveyed in the name of John Sherrard,
to Tuscarora Creek, at John Patterson's Mill Dam,
thence down the middle of said creek, the several
courses and distances thereof, to the Juniata River."
At the November sessions, opening on the
20th, the Hon. Jonathan Walker presiding, the
"Court confirm the said division and name the
southern division 'Turbett,' after Colonel
Thomas Turbett, under whom the President of
this Court marched as a common soldier against
the Indiaus during the Revolution. He was
brave, vigilant and humane.'' The first assess-
ment was taken in 1817, and showed about one
hundred and forty-five resident tasabl&s and
twenty-nine single freemen, which still left in
Milford about two hundred and fifteen taxables
and fifty freemen.
In 1858 Turbett was divided, the western
end being formed into a township called Spruce
Hill.
Turbett township is bounded on the west by
Spruce Hill, on the south by Tuscarora Moun-
tain, on the east by Walker and the Juniata
River, and on the north by IMilford, on the line
of Tuscarora Creek. Limestone Ridge traverses
it from west to east, and is bisected near the
middle of the township by Blue Spring Hol-
low, down which flows Hunter's Run, empty-
ing into Tuscarora just below the mouth of
Licking Creek.
As Turbett formed a part of Lack up to
1768, and part of Milford up to 1816, the
reader will find the names of the first taxables
in this region in the assessments of those town-
ships; and the jNIilford township lists can be re-
ferred to for the early taxable industries.
Early Settlers. — Captain William Pat-
terson, son of the Captain James who lived at
Mexico, and grandson of the Indian trader,
James, of Lancaster County, took up by war-
rant of February 5, 1755, a tract of three hun-
dred and thirty-six acres opposite Mexico.
774
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
This he sold to Philip Strouse iu 1772, and
removed to Foiitz's Valley. The land now
comprises the farms of Lawrence Wetzler,
Philip Strouse and James North. Here the
" young Captain " William Patterson raised
nineteen men, and marched to Middle Creek,
in Snyder County, in January, 1768, and ar-
rested Frederick Stump and his servant, John
Eisenhour (iron-cutter), for killing the "White
Mingo" and nine other Indians, and lodged them
in the Carlisle jail. They were afterwai-ds for-
cibly taken from the jail by a band of some
seventy-five horsemen from Sherman's A^alley,
— an event that shook the old provincial gov-
ernment fi'om the mountains to the Delaware.
For this arrest Pattei-son was made a justice of
the peace, — the first one west of the Tuscarora
Mountains. Here William Patterson erected a
fort, or block-house, as a defense against the
Indians. It stood about thirty feet west of the
present Wetzler House, and the cellar pit is
yet visible, and the surface paved with stones
has never been jalowed. It was built partly of
stone and partly of logs, and stood until a few
years ago, performing the peaceful duty of
a corn crib. The logs were well-hewn and
notched down flat on each other, with loop-
holes for defense. They are now in a house
at the railroad near by. This fort, erected by
William, must not be confounded, as has been
done, with " Patterson Fort," on the other side
of the river, mentioned in the colonial records ;
and it will j)revent confusion to bear in mind
that there were two Captain Pattersons, — father
and son, James and William, one on each side
of the river.
On the bank of the river, just below the
house, stood a warehouse, used in the days
prior to the canal, when surplus produce was
shipped down the river in arks. Grain was
here stored. It was about twenty feet square,
built of logs, two stories high. This landing
was a famous place for the first sixty-five years
of settlement. The last ark built in this region
was constructed by Samuel Thompson, on the
river at Mexico, just above this warehouse.
On Patterson's farm, just close by the Mexico
Station, near the tool house, may yet be seen
the marks of the foundation for a house, which
was abandoned because the man digging it was
shot by an Indian posted upon the end of the
Limestone Ridge. About half a mile above
the station, the railroad cut the base of the
limestone rocks, which has since become a dan-
gerous point, on account of the great masses of
rocks that slide down from the side of the
ridge, and it is known as the "Slip Rocks."
At Patterson's place there was a ferry, and an
early road led from it up the valley.
Alexander Dennison, by warrant of February
5, 1755, took up two hundred and six acres
below Patterson on the river. It is now the
property of Peter Kilmer's heirs. This and
the Hepburn tracts were sold to James Potter,
brother-in-law of William Patterson, who sold
to John Bonner in 1773. Parts of it went, on
his death, to Thomas Ghormley, William Cur-
ren and others, in 1811. From these the lands
passed at length to Philip Kilmer and Michael
Brandt. The stream running into the river
through these lands is called "Bonner's Run."
James Patterson took up, by warrant of Sep-
tember 22, 1766, a tract of two hundred acres
below Dennison, at Tuscarora Station, now the
lands of William Turbett, John Parker and
Brandt heirs. This tract included the present
railroad station and the Roaring Spring.
Stacy Hepburn took up two hundred and
ninety-two acres, August 1, 1766, now owned
by Philip and Henry Kepner. Aside of the
above, and over next the mountain, William
Patterson took up two hundred and ninety-two
acres, November 4, 1771. William A. Patter-
son, son of Captain William, had his father's
and the Hepburn tracts, which he also owned,
surveyed in 1803, and there were eight hundred
and forty acres in a body.
William Cochran, or Corran, December 17,
1772, took up one hundred and ninety-four
acres, called A\'illiamsburg, now owned by Noah
Hertzler and INIrs. Jacob Groninger.
Above these, Thomas Lowery warranted two
hundred and fifteen acres, September 15, 1766,
where " Lowery's son made an improvement,"
now owned by William and D. E. Robison,
D. T. Kilmer and William Kohler. Lowery
sold to James Patterson, December 3, 1766,
who sold to William Curran, June 23, 1770,
JUNIATA COUNTY.
776
who sold to Philip Kilmer, August 21, 1786,
grandfather of U. T. Kilmer, two hundred and
fourteen acres.
James Patterson warranted two hundred and
eighty-five acres, February 5, 1755, embracing
now the farms of James ]\IcLaughlin (late D.
W. Flickenger), George Boyer and Philip Kil-
mer, " on Hunter's Run." In his w^arrant it is
said to be " adjoining his son's imjM'Ovemeut."
The C'ochran tract, however, intervenes, but it
proves that William had settled hei-e alread_y in
1755, and no doubt was here in 1754. Along
with the above tract, James Patterson wished to
include an adjoining tract of two hundred and
fifty-four acres more, lying north of Lowery,
but which seems at a later date to have been
ordered to be put in his name on a separate
Avarrant. Patterson sold, April 20, 1759, to
William Armstrong, who sold, December 24,
1768, to Robert Brown, who sold, March 29,
1772, to Benjamin Kepner.
On application No. 1719, October 29, 1766,
there w-as granted to Robert Campbell a tract
of three hundred acres, above those already
named and near the mountain, which he sold to
William Kenny September 2, 1774. This tract
was owned by " jNIountain " Thomas Wilson,
from whom, by will, it passed to his sons, —
Richard, John and " Mountain " Thomas, Jr., —
and is now owned by Leclerc Calhoun, William
Kerlin and Robert McMeen.
Charles Hunter, November 4, 1766, took up
two hundred and ninety-eight acres, running
across the valley west of the above. He was
here, however, long before, as "Hunter's Run"
was a well-known land-mark a.s early as 1755.
It took in the beautiful slope south of Church
Hill, where Judge Koons now lives. In the
assessment of 1769 he is marked "poor" and
relieved from tax, though he had a tract as fine
as any in the county. However, if he was poor
in purse, he was a success as a hunter, for tra-
dition says he and Griffith Thomas killed forty
bears in a single winter season. This is the tract
of which tradition says it was once offered to
James Turbett for a hogshead of whiskey, and
the offer refused. In 1781, when Turbett first
appears on the tax-list, Hunter's property, called
one hundred acres, is rated at one hundred and
fifty pounds. This story, like many others, i.s
therefore more than improbable. After this
first owner arose the old name Hunter's Gap,
afterwards Jennie's Gap, and also Hunter's
Run, on which Hertzler's mills are built. A
bi'anch of this stream is called Hominy Run,
and tradition states that it arose from a hominy-
mill once erected upon it. It is possible that
the name is much older. In W^illiam Byrd's
" History of the Dividing Line between Virginia
and Noith Carolina," he says : "We quartered on
the banks of a creek that the inhabitants call
Tewahominy or Tuskerooda creek, because one
of that nation had been killed thereabouts and
his body thrown into the creek."
John McDowell, by warrants of July 1,
1762, March 29, 1769, and William Kenny,
February 21 , 1 769, took up small tracts, making
three hundred and thirty-eight acres, which now
form the farm of Daniel McConnell. This
tract is the one on which Widow McDowell
lived.
James Kenny, of Chester County, warranted,
February 3, 1755, a choice tract of three hun-
dred and eighteen acres, called " Walnut Bot-
tom," and lay aside of Hunter and across the
valley, formerly the Turbett lands, now ]Mrs.
Stewart Turbett. James Kenny also warranted
two hundred and seventy-three acres January 2,
1766, adjoining his other land and extending
up the north side of the valley. The McDow-
ell lands were south of this tract. He sold the
upper part to Nathan Thomas, one hundred
and twenty-four acres, in 1791, who sold it to
Yaleutine Weishaupt, April 10, 1800. The
other half adjoining his main tract he sold to
Alexander Kenny, who passed it to Charles
Kenny, who lived upon it. Dr. G. M. Graham
is now owner of this part. James Kenny
never lived on his lands.
Kenny's main tract passed to Colonel Thomas
Turbett, after whom the township was nametl.
Here he started, in 1775, the first tannery in the
present county, and M'hich was run by him and
his children for three-quarters of a century.
William Turbett also put up a tannerj' at Gra-
ham's place, which ceased running in 1865.
Stewart Turbett had a contract on the canal,
and at its close brought a lot of Irishmen to dig
776
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
him a mill-race at fifty cents per day. This
was in 1828, but he is not taxed for it for some
time later. It was run by one Spayd after Tur-
bett, and since then by John Barclay and Jacob
Rothrock, whose heirs still own it. Thomas,
son of John and Priscilla Turbett, was born
January 20, 1741 ; died June 20, 1820, aged
seventy-eight years. His wife was Jane,
daughter of Thomas Wilson, at the river. In
1776 he raised and marched a company to Car-
lisle for the Continental service. At Trenton he
won renown by a bold encounter with a Brit-
ish officer, whom he shot. At a later day he
was engaged in an expedition against hostile
Indians. He is one of the most illustrious of
our early settlers.
On the 15th of June, 1837, there was a vio-
lent hail-storm. William Turbett, grandson of
Colonel Thomas Turbett, was caught by it while
out in the woods on the ridge near Sterrett's, in
Milford. He took refuge under a large fallen tree
that lay a little above the ground. During the
storm another tree fell across this one and
crushed him to death. The tree, after doing
its work of death, sprang back, and when found,
it was not touching his body.
William Kenny took up also seventy-five
acres February 21, 1769, formerly Jesse Saylor,
now Robert Wharton. Another draft says,
" Gained by law part of his laud surveyed on
ap])lication for three hundred acres."
At the foot of the Tuscarora Mountain John
McAfee built a house twenty-eight feet square,
with a chimney at each end, and planted an
orchard. Fourteen of the trees still remain and
peach-trees grow out of the debris of the chim-
ney. After his death Jennie, his widow, long-
lived there, and from her the gap near by got its
present name. Down through this gap came the
Fort Granville path, still distinctly marked. It
was the only way over the mountain up to
1811.
Jennie's house was a celebrated place in the old
days, and many stories are related of her and
that locality. The owl and the bat now sport
in undisturbed pleasure where Jennie's man-
sion once stood. It is a common notion in the
vicinity that John McAfee made his settlement
at a very early period. The facts are he first
appeared in 1794, and got a warrant for two
hundred acres, September 15, 1800.
At the foot of the mountain is a little hamlet
called McAfeetown, or Mechanicsbui-g. Here
Daniel McAfee erected a small fulling-mill in
1819, and James had a cardiug-machine in
1829. About 1840 Peter Hench turned it into
a foundry and built threshing machines for
some years. In 1848 Noah Hertzler bought it
and continued the foundry. In 1857 the build-
ing was removed and a saw-mill built in its
place. The waters coming from the gap flow
into, or rather form. Hunter's Run.
Robert Moore warranted one hundred and
one acres, September 18, 1766, across Tuscarora
Creek from Port Royal borough, now held by
David Coyle. Back of this, in the ridges,
George Moore held one hundred and thirty-
nine acres, in the right of Robert Say, dated
November 28, 1767. Thomas Hardy also
warranted on the ridges, near Old Port town,
eighty-four acres, January 26, 1768. He soon
left and purchased the McGuire place, in Lick-
ing Creek.
John Anderson warranted one hundred and
sixty-seven acres, September 15, 1766, on Lime-
stone Ridge, now owned by Samuel Kepner
and Thomas Stewart. It adjoined the surveys
of Esther Cox and John and David Little.
This is where Robert Woods after 1801 had
his distillery. On a run passing through this
land, Peter Rice, who died a few years ago in
Lack township, says there was once a fort,
called " Fort Muck," which was taken by In-
dians and twelve persons killed or carried
away. No confirmatory evidence of this has
been found, except the fact that the stream is
still well known to the older people as Fort
Muck Run, though it is now often called
Woods' Run. Eastward of the above tract
William Robison took up seventy-five acres,
March 21, 1793, adjoining John Little, John
Crozier and Abi'aham Wells.
As early as January 22, 1767, there was "a
location granted to David Littel," surveyed
April 25, 1791, by James Harris, who then
made note that " Widow Armstrong has about
two acres of meadow cleared and claims part of
this tract." May 6, 1802, William Harris re-
JUNIATA COUNTY.
777
surveyed tliis on an order of the Board of
Property, as Henry Taylor claimed thirty-three
acres right in the heart of David Little's
seventy acres, along the creek at the east end of
the Groniuger bridge, and included the house
and a meadow below. Taylor held the Arm-
strong claim, but the Little survey was older
and rested on a warrant. James Harris did
not return the survey. William Harris says :
" I do not know the reason why the location
2528, in the name of David Littel, has re-
mained so long without being acted upon."
John Little (later spelled Lytle) warranted
three hundred and thirty acres, June 16, 1794,
east of David and south of Robei't, and extend-
ing eastward as far as the Raukiu-Huutei--
Campbell tract. Surveyor, April 11, 1795,
says this tract " appears to have been called
Patterson's Land." It bounded Robert on the
north and east. In this region the Rankin sur-
vey located Samuel Green, a squatter iu 1763,
no doubt. These lands are novv' owned by
James P. Johuson, Benjamin Groninger, John
Rigby, George Harner and William Groniuger.
On June 16, 1794, Robert Little got a war-
rant for three hundred and thirty acres, now
mostly owned by Uriah Gnss' heirs, which
passed May 7, 1802, to Sebastian Hustler, and
from his heir.s, May 28, 1814, to Abi-aham
Whistler, then to Henry Zook, June 26, 1819.
It is evident that the Littles long held a large
tract of land which was unwarranted. Robert
Little was a justice of the peace and one
of the commissioners on the organization of
Mifflin County. He is on the tax-lists from
1767 to 1805. He had two acres cleared in
1767, and in 1768 had stock for farming.
John Kepner lived about Millerstown, or
below it. He had three sons, who moved into
the present Turbett township. 1. Benjamin,
who moved across the river from jMexico in
1772, whose sons were Jacob (merchant), Ben-
jamin, William, John, Philip, Henry and
David. 2. Jacob, who moved on tlie McCrum
place, now owned by S. D. Kepner, in 1799,
whose sons were John and Jacob by a first wife,
and Benjamin, Henry and Samuel D. by a
second wife. 3. Samuel, who moved on the
Crozier place, next west of his brother Jacob
in 1797, whose sons were Jacob, David, Sam-
uel and John W. The daughters are not here
given. There was also another stock of Kep-
ners of the same family connection, but not
related nearer than cousins to the three
brothers aboved named, who moved on farms a
little east of Johnstown. They were John, in
1791 ; and Major Benjamin, in 1790, whose
sons were Solomon (the merchant), Benjamin,
Absalom, David and Josiali. The major was
also known as Judge Benjamin. The sons of
Jacob, son of Jacob, were John, Jacob, Henry,
Benjamin, Samuel, and daughters Catharine
(Sulouff), Mary (Boyer), Christina (Hertzler-
Heikes), Sarah (Rice), Elizabeth (Aughey).
John Hench was of a Huguenot family that
had to leave France for the sake of his religion.
He came to America from Metz, and lived near
Yellow Springs, in Chester County, prior to
the Revolution. Two of his sons, Peter and
Henry, died in the famous prison-ship at New
York. His son John married Peggy Rice,
and lived in Perry County. Elizabetii was the
wife of John Rice. Jacob married Susan
Rice. Their children were Polly Ann (Breck-
bill), John (married Margaret Groninger), Xancy
(wife of Jacob Groninger), Abigail (Calhoun),
Zachariah (married Ellen Ickes), Peter (mar-
ried Mary Stewart, then Sidney Strouse). The
children of the above have long occupied a
prominent position in the community. Judge
Cyrus M. Hench is a son of John.
John Hench, fii'st-named, had a daughter
Christina married to a Sheridan. His will was
probated December 9, 1807, and iu it he left
six hundred pounds to this daughter in case she
should ever l)e heard from. It appears that
she was lost or killed by Indians while descend-
ing the Ohio River iu going to Kentucky, as
we infer from the " Border Life." At all
events, she was never heard from, and the
money lay unused until 1876, when it was
divided among the heirs, of whom there were
one hundred and ten, and it made about five
dollars apiece.
The Rice (German, Reis) family starts out
with a remarkable record as to numbers and
longevity. Zachariah lived near Chester
Springs ; his wife was Abigail, sister of Major
778
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Peter Hartman. He had a mill, and from his
accounts it seems that Washington for some
time put up at his house. The country got too
small for his growing family. In 1791 he
moved to Perry County and in 1808 to Tur-
bett township, where he died August 19, 1811,
aged eighty years. Before moving up, his wife
died and was buried at Pikeland Church.
They had twenty-one children. It is often
stated that her tomb-stone has on it :
" Some have children, some have none ;
Here lies the mother of twenty-one."
If the story is not true, the lines might have
been truthfully placed there. Seventeen of these
grew up and were married. Three sisters re-
mained in Chester County ; four went to Ohio ;
Peter, John, George, Henry, Jacob, Conrad,
Zachariah Jr., Benjamiu and Mrs. John and
Mrs. Jacob Hench and Mrs. John Weimer,
stopped in Perry, where numerous descendants
remain, and where a notice of them will be
found. Peter, John, Jacob, Henry and George,
Mrs. Weimer and Mrs. Jacob Hench, (afterwards
Bowers) removed to the vicinity of old Port
Royal about 1797 to 1802. Henry returned
to Perry. John's children were Judy, Tinnie,
Jacob, William, John, Samuel, Jesse and Han-
nah. He died January 2, 1837, aged eighty
years. In noticing the death of John Rice,
the Juniata Journal mentions the large family,
and says John was the eldest, and that " all were
present at the interment of their generous
mother." Jacob's children were Betsey, Jacob,
Polly and Henry. Peter's children were Zach-
ariah, Peter, John, Sally, Molly, Samuel, Peggy,
Abigail, Betsey. As a specimen we give some
of these last-named children's ages : Peter,
ninety-three ; John, ninety-two ; Molly, eighty-
four; Peggy, eighty-five; and the others at
similar ages. They are certainly the most
remarkably long-lived peojile in the county.
They have, morever, become excellent citizens.
Captain William Martin, of Armand's First
Partisan Legion in the Revolution, died in Tur-
bett township about 1822.
Benjamin Kepner, whose name appears as a
taxable as early as 1772, died May 4, 1854,
aged ninety-six years.
The land on the Tuscarora Creek opposite
the mouth of Licking Creek was taken up by
a survey, based on one warrant to Richard
Rankin, February 4, 1755, and another to John
Hunter, April 1, 1755, and contained four
hundred and thirty-two acres, surveyed June (j,
1763, by John Armstrong. It comprised all
the land between the creek and the toj) of the
ridge, including the Church Hill Cemetery, and
from the upper line of Lemuel Kepner down
to the " Barren Hill," east of Old Port ham-
let. On February 6, 1759, the warrantees sold
their claims to Robert Campbell. This early
and enterprising adventurer had his house near
the present farm-house of David Hertzler, and
this may be the " house of Robert Campbell "
found by the Indians July 10, 1763, and at
which they killed a number of persons. On
July 29,1790, Robert sold to John Campbell,
and June 23, 1792, John sold two hundred and
eighteen acres of the lower part to Lawrence
King. King sold, April 13, 1801, to Zachariah
Rice, who had it patented June 14, 1802, being-
one hundred and ninety-nine acres and one hun-
dred and fifty-three perches, and called " Spriug
Hill." This part passed, January 1, 1802, to
his son, Jacob Rice, who sold off one acre and
a half to tlie Lutheran Church, January 1,
1803; and in 1834 sold the tract to Daniel
Hertzler. It is now owned : one hundred and
fourteen acres by David Hertzler, forty acres
by Noah Hertzler, twenty-one acres by John
Hertzler, thirty acres by D. Kepner, six acres
by J. J. Weimer. King built a saw-mill in
1792, at the west side of the dam above the
road. Jacob Rice moved it down where the
water-house now is, and added a pair of chop-
ping-stones for grinding corn and plaster as early
as 1805, and erected a carding-machine as early
as 1820. Hertzler removed the saw-mill down
nearly opposite David Hertzler's barn, tore down
the old mills and erected in 1839 a woolen-fac-
tory, thirty by fifty feet, three stories high.
John Hertzler then removed the saw-mill to the
east side of the dam in 1854, and in 1857 re-
built the mill, turning it into a first-class mer-
chant grist-mill.
Robert Campbell sold, June 24, 1790, for five
pounds yearly during life and other causes, to
JUNIATA COUNTY.
779
James McCrum, one hundred acres of tlie large
tract west of that sold his son. McCruni sold to
George Crane, May 13, 1797, and Crane to Jacob
Kepner, of Greenwood township, November 4,
1799, from whom it passed to his son, Samuel
D., and has been now eighty-six years in the
Kepner name. The upper or western part of
Campbell's tract was sold to John Crozier, about
1784, from whom it passed to Samuel Kepner,
about 1795, and is owned by his descendants to
this day.
In the sale of King to Rice he did not in-
clude a strip of about twenty acres, embracing
Old Port town and extending down the creek
a quarter of a mile to D. E. Robison's. On the
upper end of this strip, and next the creek, Mr.
King laid out a town, some time between 1792
and 1799, which he called "St. Tamany'sTown."
Main and back-streets ran east and west, and
there were five cross-streets. April 15, 1800,
King sold Thomas Henderson thirty-nine of
these lots, of which No. 57 is the highest number
given, and a small strip bounded south by the
" lots in St. Tamany Town, running to a point
at the east," Tuscarora Creek at the north, and
" the land that the aforesaid Thomas Henderson
now lives on," the whole containing ten acres.
It appears by this deed that King still retained
some of this tract, and that other parts had been
sold previously to Thomas Wilson. King had
the whole tract patented June 14, 1802, and it
is called Enisworth. It had nineteen acres,
eighty-six perches and allowances.
The road from the Church Hill region passed
in front of David Hertzler's house and crossed
the Tuscarora Creek at the junction, coming out
at the Wilson mill, on the bank of Licking-
Creek. The road from the Blue Spring region
came down by the dam and followed the foot-
hill, probably the like of the tracts to D. E.
Robison's house, where it crossed the creek.
In November, 1801, a petition for a road from
George Wilson's mill to Saint Tammany was pre-
sented to the court. The report of the viewers
was confirmed at September term, 1802. It was
said that the secret of this move was to get the
travel away from Jacob Rice, who kept a public-
house, and bring it past Henderson, who kept a
house at the south end of the present bridge.
It is along this road that the present Old Port
town is built.
To whom King disposed of the other parts of
Emsworth does not appear. Henderson kept
store, tavern and had a distillery, and March 1 ,
1825, was drowned in the river, having left
Saint Tammany a few years previous. In 1826
the sheriff sold a tract of one hundred acres,
which clearly included Emsworth, and a part of
a tract above it, over the mill, containing forty-
seven acres, warranted to Thomas Hardy on
application No. 4719, January 26, 1768, to
W. M. Hall, who sold it to Alex. Magonigle
and James Thompson, August 17, 1830, when
passing to the widow of the latter. It is now
owned by her son, Jerome G. Thompson.
Magonigle took the place of Henderson at the
end of the bridge and kept store. It was while
Magonigle was Chief Sachem of Saint Tammany
that the post-office was established, and it is
probable that he was instrumental in having it
named " Port Royal." This was probably 1833,
and at this period Tammany town, with its Port
Royal post-office, was still a much more im-
portant point than Perrysville. The advent of
the railroad carried business to its station, and
in 1847 the " Port Royal " post-office was
moved to the borough, and finally the borough
in 1874 appropriated the name itself, since
which the old Tammany town is generally spo-
ken of as " Old Port Town." When the post-
office w-as started out in Old Port town, they did
not wish to have it called after a little town
across the creek ; but at the time of the removal
of the office into the borough, they could not
change the name to Perrysville, because it was
already in use in this State. Here, in the early
days, before the canal was made, there was a
warehouse on the bank of the creek, about two
hundred yards below the bridge. Arks were
built up the creek, partly loaded, floated down
to this warehouse, where they waited a favora-
ble rise in the river. It is possible that this
quiet retreat in the bend of the creek, so near
the river, suggested the idea of a port, and the
" Royal " would come in as a tribute to King
Tammany, or Lawrence King. Now all is
changed ; the store-house, the warehouse, the
still-house are all sone ; the old tavern-house
780
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
alone remains to remind one of the days when
this was the centre of everything and the " Great
Crossing of Tnsearora." The town was finislied
long ago, but is by no means dead. Here Noah
Hertzler is a store-keeper and has been for
forty-seven years now past. No other merchant
has remained so long in one place in this county.
Lutheran Church ox Church Hill. —
Jacob Rice, on January 1, 1803, sold one and a
half acres of the land patented by his father,
Zachariah, underthe name Spring Hill, to " Val-
entine Weishaupt and Peter Rice, Trustees
named and appointed by the German Lutheran
Congregation of Tnsearora Valley," for sixteen
dollars. "Witness, Benjamin Kepner and Chris-
tian Brand. Endorsed, deed poll in trust for
the German Lutheran congregation of Tnsearora
Valley," on " the road from George Wilson's
mill to Hunter's Gap." For this lot William
Harris made a survey as early as May 12, 1802,
when it was yet the land of Lawrence King.
The early history of this church is in doubt, but
there must have been a building already erected
at the time of the survey, for Harris' draft has
a neat picture of the church, having two win-
dows on the side next the road, and he says it
is " for a Buryiug-Ground and a place of Wor-
ship for the use of the Gei-man Society." It
appears, therefore, that there was no partnership
in this building. In later years the Presbyterians
helped to repair the cluirch and were allowed to
occupy it on the unused alternate Sunday. Both
congregations rebuilt in town, and the old church
was sold to N. Hertzler bj' the Lutherans, and
torn down by him in 1856. Sonae of the tim-
ber went into the mill and some into a house
in the borough. The yard adjoining the old
church contains a large number of graves, the
oldest dated 180o. Adjoining this, grounds
have been secui'ed and a cemetery regularly laid-
out, where most of the burials have taken place
for some years.
Beside the old grave-yard and cemetery on
Church Hill, there is in the middle of the
township a burial-place commonly called Kil-
mer's Grave- Yard. It is said to be older than
that at Church Hill. There are many unmarked,
but the oldest marked is 1811. The names
occurring are Kilmer, Strouse, Kepner, Boliuger,
Humaker, Lange, Morrison, Mohler, Jacobs,
Harris, Hartman, Crozier, Logan, Brandt,
Moss, McBride and others. On the creek -bank,
below Grouinger's bridge, on Johnson's farm,
in the orchard, are buried a connection of Littles
(later Lytle) and Sandersons, who were first
settlers hei-e. Gradually the plow, furrow by
furrow has encroached upon these graves, until
now not a grave is distinguishable, — a sad com-
ment on the avarice of men. About two hun-
dred yards east of this, on the line fence, is an-
other grave yard, chiefly of the Brandt family.
Christian Brandt died on this farm October 6,
1822, aged seventy-four yeai'S. He was a Men-
nonite, and had big meetings at his house, but
most of that sect came from the east side of the
river.
The bridge across Tuscarora Creek, at Old
Port Royal, was built in 1818. In 1822 the
frame and roof were put on, and it still stands,
the first and oldest of all the bridges. John
Rice lived at the north end and filled up the
abutment. The petition for this bridge was
first presented to the court at August term,
1815, and was said to be where the road from
Mifllintown over the Tuscarora Mountain
crosses the creek.
School-Houses. — Turbett township has five
public schools. 1. The one near the river, on
the south side, is called the Olive Branch. It
is on the Strouse farm and took the place of an
older Olive Branch on the North farm. 2.
Next up the valley is the new Mt. Hope, on the
Kohler farm, built in 1850, and it took the
place of an older Mt. Hope built in 1820 on the
farm of Koon's heirs. 3. The upper one is
called Freedom, and is on the Turbett farm,
now Graham. These three are built of brick.
The house that preceded the Freedom was called
the Bottom, and stood at the same place. A
still older Bottom school-house stood near by.
4. Near the dam on the north side of the town-
ship is the Old Port or Dam school-house. 5.
The last house is cixlled Church Hill, being near
the old church- grounds. The two last named
are frame buildings. There was formerly a
school-house at Kilmer's grave-yard. It is said
to have been the first in the township and in
use as late as 1820. Teachers: James Garner
JUNIATA COUNTY.
781
'as early as 1798), Jacob Buehler, David Powell,
Benjamin Lane. There was in early times a
school -house in connection with the Church
Hill Lutheran church. James McKean, Peter
Hench, George Gibson, William Knox, George
^leloy, ISIichael Fletcher, " a fine scholar and
good musician," and Olsdorf (German) taught
here. Sandy Point school-house, built of stone
in 18.39, was used until 1850, when the new
Mt. Hope and Olive Branch were built. A
third and oldest ilt. Hope stood at the forks of
the road near James Koon's. In a deed of Ben-
amiu Kepuer, iu trust for a school-houi;e, to
.lames ^McLaughlin and John Franks, tlie place
is thus described : " That piece or lot of land
that the said Benjamin Kejiner has lately laid
oiF for a school-house lot on the public road
leading from Colonel Thomas Henderson's
towards the Tuscarora Mountain and Kilmer's,
and on a handsome round rise of a small hill
and including a spring." Teachers: David
Powell, Richard Morrison, .John !Meloy, George
W. Baker, .Jesse Fry. Another old school stood
on the Turbett farm, at the south corner, older
than the Bottom houses above named, in which
Samuel McFadden and David Powell taught.
Here the father of the Hon. William A. Wal-
lace did his first teaching after coming tt) this
country, and ever felt great gratitude to Stew-
art Turbett for securing him the school. The
first schools under the free school laws were at
Church Hill, Kilmer's and Freedom. There
were one hundred and sixty children attending
school in 1884.
The Goshex Road. — From the region of
the Tuscarora Station there was a road made
along the south side of the river, down below
opposite Thompsontown. It is known as the
"Goshen road." Near Vandyke Station was a
celebrated shad fishery, where "Goshen" John
Thompson lived. Some say the road was
called after him, but the fact is, "Goshen" was
a name given by the people to that locality and
the road, to distinguish them. Old people, now
living, " went to Goshen for shad." As the Is-
raelites were assigned to the lands of Goshen,
because it was a good pasture-ground for their
flocks (Gen. xlvi : 34), the farmers along the
north river-bank were in the habit of putting
their stock across the river during the summer,
and thus arose the name for that .strip between
the river and mountain, and that part at
Thompson's was patented under the name of
the " Happy Banks of Goshen." The name is
in use to this day. This .strip was in Milford
formerly, as the record sliows: June term, 1791,
a petition from inhal)itants of Milford township
"setting forth that a small part of this town-
ship situate between the Tuscarora Mountain
and Juniata River lies detached from the main
body of the township, and very convenient to
Fermanagh township. Your petitioners there-
fore request that tlie strip or neck of land lying
below Widow Bonner's plantation, and extend-
ing along the Juniata to the Cumberland County
line, may be struck off from Milford and an-
nexed to Fermanagh township." The court
ai:)pointed James Harris to view and report next
session. This strip constitutes those portions
of Walker and Delaware now south of the
river.
Tuscarora Station, on the Pennsylvania Rail-
road, is located on the Captain James Pattei"son
tract. It was made a block signal-station in
1876. There is a large reservoir here to supply
engines with water. A short distance below
Tuscarora Station James Williams once had a
small tannery.
The Roaring Spring is a short distance below
the station. Before the railroad was made over
it, a large stream issued from crevices between
the rocks with such force as to cause a loud
roaring sound, that could be heard at quite a
distance. The flow of water is still accompa-
nied by considerable sound.
CHAPTER XL
BEALE TOWNSHIP."
As early as April 17, 1820, nine petitions
were presentetl to the court, signed by two
hundred and eighteen citizens of ^lilford and
Turbett townships, praying for viewers to lay
off a new township out of parts of ^lilford and
Turbett, but with discretionary powers as to the
boundaries. Nothing resultedfrom these efforts.
'By A. L. Gus=.
i-82
JUiNflATA AND SUSQUEHANNA COUNTIES IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Beale was formed by a division of Milford
CD February 8, 1843. The viewers were Wil-
liam Dunn, of Fayette; Thomas Stiuson, of
AValker ; and William Sharron, of Fayette.
The division line follows a public road first laid
out in 1768, from Tuscarora Creek to a point
near the Shade Mountain, and from the top of
that mountain to Tuscarora township line. The
first assessment was taken in 1843, and showed
about one hundred and twenty-five resident
taxables, besides fifteen single freemen. The
name given it was a compliment to one of the
oldest families in the county, and long promi-
nent in its atfairs and in business enterprises,
and especially in honor of Hon. John Beale,
who was a man of unsullied integrity, kind-
hearted and a patriot. He died January 7,
1867, aged sixty-eight years.
By an act of March 15, 1853, the farm of
John Woodward, hitherto in ]\Iilford township,
was annexed to Beale township.
Beale township is bounded by Milford ou the
north and east, by Spruce Hill on the south
and Tuscarora on the west. The northeastern
quarter is drained by Markee or Big Run, for-
merly called the South Branch of Licking
Creek. The balance of the township is drained
by streams running southward into the Tus-
carora Creek, the principal one of which is
Doyle's Run. The Herring Bone Ridges extend
westward through the township, and the lime-
istone formations in the Johnstown Valley sjioon
out against the Shade Mountain.
As the territorj' of Beale township was in
Milford prior to 1843, and in Lack prior to
1769, the reader is referred to the assessment
lists of those townships for lists of the first set-
tlers and their locations, and to Milford for a
list of early taxable industries.
Early Settlers. — Commencing on the
creek adjoining the Milford line, we have :
Alexander ]\Iagiuty obtained a warrant for
three hundred and twelve acres, February 3,
1755. Wilson Laird, ^Michael Lauver and John
Allen now reside upon it.
Above Maginty, towards the ridge, Clement
Horrell warranted ninety-seven acres, June 27,
1768, now divided among the above-named
present owners. It was on this tract that Wil-
liam Stewart, Sr., was killed by Indians, as
given under the head of Spruce Hill township.
The following quaint documents relate to the
lauds at Academia and Pomeroy's Store, and
the first one is the oldest paper pertaining to
laud titles that has been found in Juniata
County. They are given as in the original, —
"For & in Consideration of ye sum of eighteen
pounds ,to me in Hand, Paid, or said to be Paid, by
Saml. Waddle, of CLiester County, in Pennsylvania,
ye Recept of which I Do acknowled, and my Self
therewith fully Satisfied have Bargained, Sold & Set
over all my Right Property and Interest of an Im-
provement of Land Situate on ye Tuscarora Creek To
ye said James Waddle, Bounded on ye Creek from a
Ridge of Hills which as ye Extent north of ye In-
dian Claim who is now Settled on ye Bottom Sur-
rounded by ye Creek Southward from ye East End
of ye Said Ridge down ye Creek Crossing another
Ridge of high hills Bounding on ye Land Settled
at present by Robert Bell, and westward to James
Kenedy's Settlement on ye end of ye Said Ridge of
mountains at ye west End, and Eastward on ye Said
Ridge of hills to ye plase of Beginning to ye afore-
Said Waddle, his Heirs and assigns for Ever, & do
Bind and Oblige myself to Hold and keep ye Said
Claim for ye said Waddle until ye first Day of Octo-
ber next Ensuing ye date here of and Deliver ye
Said Improvement at ye Said time Clear of Incom-
berance to ye said James Waddle, his heirs or as-
signs, and to ye True Performance of ye Same I do
Bind my self in ye Pennal Sum of Thirty & Six
Pounds Current money of Pennsylvania, allways Ex-
cepting ye Indians & Proprietor of this Province ex-
cepted ; in wittness whereof I have Put my hand and
Scale this first day of ye month Called June, 1754.
"ROBEAET TAYLOR.[seal].
"Witness Present: William Beale, Samuel Kenny,
Charles Kenny."
(On the back.)
"Know all men by these Presents that I, James
Waddle, of the township of East Calm, Dos Sign over
all my Interest, Bight and title of the with in Bill of
Sale unto William Beale, of Whiteland, in the county
Chester and Province of Pennsylvania, Yeoman and
his heirs for ever ; Dated this fourteenth Day of Octo-
ber, 1760. " James Waddell.
" Witness present : Abiah Parks, Benj. Elliott.
" (Endorsed) : Bill of Sale, Robert Taylor to James
Waddle."
"Know all men by these presents that T, James
Waddle, of the township of East Calm and County of
Chester and Province of Pensylvania, farmer, have
sold all my right and title of a Curtain Teniment im-
provement Situated in the Tuskoraro Valy Near the
JUNIATA COUNTY.
783
River Juniata, In Cumberland County, It being a
purchas from Robert taylor by a Bill of Sale Dated
the first day of June, 1754. And by these Presents
Do acknowledge To have Sold and made over all my
Right and Interest in Said Improvement Tenement
and piece of Land Situated as Before Sd Unto Wil-
liam Beale, of Whiteland, in the County of Chester,
Yeoman for the Considration of thirty Pounds To
me in hand paid, as witness my hand this fourteenth
Day of October, 1760.
"And further have signed over the Said Bill of
Sale, and allso do acknowledge the warrant taken out
of the office Bearing Date the 4th Day of Febry, 1755,
to be for the taking up of the Said land, and to be for
the Use of the Said William Beale, his Executors, ad-
ministrators and assigns for Ever.
"do witness my hand and Seal this fourteenth Day
of October, Being in the thirty-third year of his
majesty king George the Second, one thousand Seven
hundred & sixty, 1760. " James Waddell.
"Witness Present: Benjm. Elliott, Abah Parker.
" Received of William Beale ye Sum of thirty
Pounds for the aforesaid Value Received — I say Re-
ceived the above P sum for me this fourteenth Day of
October, 1760. " James Waddell.
" (Endorsed): Artikelsofagrementmadeforasarting
pease of land in Toskerorer Valey from James Wadel
to Wilm. Beale."
The tract described above is in tlie vicinity of
Tuscarora Academy, and comprises hundreds of
acres of the best kind of land. The Vmea de-
scribed are a specimen of the quaint old style of
surveying by the eye and without a compass.
David and Thos. were sons of William Beale,
and the family had come over with Penn, and
had always been Quakers. When they moved
to Academia the}' had to cut the road, a mere
path, to get to their location. The place they
crossed the creek, at the bend where their uncle,
*' old John Bales," lived, has been, in consequence,
called the Quaker Ford ever since. The sons
of Thomas Beale were William, John, Wash-
ington, Albion and Hannah, married to Isaac
Evans. Peter Bale, Sr., was the ancestor of a
family now also spelled Beale; but being a Ger-
man they are not related to the above.
To the lands William Beale held in the right
of Waddle, he added at several dates three
adjoining tracts. These lands are now in
possession of J. Nevin Pomeroy, heirs of An-
drew Patterson, Widow Samuel Okeson and the
academy grounds. Merchant John Patterson
bought the William Beale tract in 1807, and
moved his store down from the ridge to where
Pomeroy's store now is, in iXKj. Here he
carried on merchandising until his death, in
1836. He became wealthy, owned a great many
tracts of land, and for long years no man was
better known in the county. The title " Mer-
chant John " was always ased to distinguish
him from " Esquire John," his cousin, also well
known.
Hon. Joseph Pomero}', for many years owner
of the Beale-Patterson homestead and mill, was
an active and successful business man ; a mer-
chant ; associate judge of Juniata County. He
was of French-Huguenot stock. The Pome-
roys were among the earliest settlere, and
Thomas, the ancestor of the family, was killed
by Indians in Franklin County.
The first grist-mill west side of the Juniata
River is taxed to Abraham Stamford (Sanford),
as a renter, in 17(37. The only other mill in
the county that year was that of James Patter-
son, at Mexico. The next year there are two
mills west of the river, — one taxed to Thomas
Beale, who held hLs father, William's, property
at Academia; the other to Robert Campbell,
who was on Licking Creek. Beale also had a
saw-mill, 1769-71 and 1801-2. In 1811,
Merchant John Patterson appears with grist and
saw-mills at this point, and held them till his
death, in 1836. The first mill was built down
near the dam. It was washed a^vay by a flood.
The second mill was situated midway between
the first and the present.
By an act of Assembly, February 26, 1796,
the Tuscarora Creek, from its mouth up to
Thomas Beale's mill-dam, was declared a pub-
lic highway.
James Kennedy, whom we know had a " set-
tlement " already in 1754, was a little slow in
getting a warrant for it. Where he had been
sleeping is not known ; but when, on June 4,
1762, he came to survey in his two hundred
and fifty-nine acres, he found that a slice of
fifty acres, which he wished for, was in William
Beale's survey. There was some trouble over
it ; but the older warrant held the ground. His
tract was long known as the Nicholas Okeson
property, who kept a public-house -is early as
784
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
1790, and the land is held by his grandson,
Jonathan.
Ralph Sterrett took up one hundred and
forty-six acres, July 27, 1762, sometimes called
the " Fort property " and " the old Barclay
place," and it is now owned by William Milli-
ken. It is very probable that Ralph Sterrett
lived here, if anywhere in this county. The
run was called after him. He was an Indian
trader, and at home in the woods almost any
where. He had a son William, part owner of
the forge on Licking Creek, and once sheriff of
Mifflin County, who is said to have been born
in Bigham's Fort, and the first white child born
on this side of Tuscarora Mountain. On
March 5, 1764, Ralph Sterrett and his wife,
Martha, sold this tract to James Chambers,
whose only daughter, Mary, married William
Barclay, and their only child, Isabella, married
John Milliken, and became the parents of W.
B. Milliken, who now resides on the place, as
also James M., John A., Joseph, Mrs. Joseph
Criswell, Mrs. Ickes and Mrs. Charles Book.
Above Sterrett, on the creek, Thomas Free-
man warranted one hundred and sixty-three
acres February 24, 1755, including in it the
celebrated Indian Mound, treated of elsewhere,
now the land of Charles Book. Ralph Sterrett
had some kind of a squatter claim on this tract,
which he disposed of to Freeman. He was a
dealer in such claims.
North of Freeman, David McNair warranted
seventy-one acres August 8, 1769.
James Williams warranted eighty-nine acres
February 6, 1755, on the river, now John
Imes. This survey ran across the creek.
David Bowel warranted sixty-seven acres
March 23, 1767, now owned by James Beale.
The names David and Thomas Bowel (tiie lat-
ter having land near the old forge) may be sup-
posed to be varied spellings for Beale ; but they
belonged to a family after whom Boalsburg,
Centre County, was named.
James Scott got an order for two hundred
and nine acres, April 16, 1767, on the creek
(and partly across it), now McNair Wilson and
David Imes, formerly Theophilus McDonald.
Above this, at the southwest corner of the
township, Joseph Scott warranted two hundred
and eleven acres June 17, 1767, now Jacob
Bair. These are all by the creek, — now by
the Valley road.
Samuel Fear warranted a tract about the year
1771 (now the heirs of James Leach). Here,
in a gap, on the old abandoned road " from
Waterford to Mifflin," was the "Old Store
Place," where Merchant John Patterson lived
from 1791 to 1807. Here he laid the founda-
tions of his fortune. It is now in a very out-
of-the-way place, but was then a central point
and on the main road. Here, in this gap, John
Simmison was shot and wounded by In-
dians in 1756, but recovered and lived to bean
old man, as related by his son, who lately died
near Carlisle, nearly one hundred years of age.
Samuel Brice warranted two hundred and
two acres, December 16, 1755, at Doyle's Mills,
now partly owned by William Okeson's heirs
and Captain James J. Patterson. Brice's war-
rant says, adjoining Ralph Sterrett and James
Scott. It appears that Robert Pollock, of To-
boyne, was a squatter on this land and sold his
right to James Scott. The date was probably
in 1754. The sale to Brice is worth preserva-
tion. The following is a
" Bill of Seal from Scoot :
"Know .all men by these presants, that I, James
Scot, of the County of Cumberland and township of
Lack, hath set, sold and Delivered, In plain and
open market, unto Samuel Brice, of the County of
Lancaster and township of paxtown, an improufml
that did Belong to Robert poak, for a sartin sum of
money gave in hand ; which said Eight and Improuf-
ment I warrant and Defend from all manor of persons
Laing aynay Claim, Right or title to the said Land
adjoining to Reft' Starit on the south est side, and
James Scot on the West side, and Abraham Dewit on
the north side, which said Land I warant from all
men, the honrable prepareator Exsepted.
"As witnes my hand and Seal this 7 day of febau-
ray, 1755.
"Sined, Sealed and delivered in the presauce of
these witnes presant.
" (Signed by mark), James Scot [Seal].
"(Witnesses): Andrew Johnston, William Shakley."
At a later day it was deemed necessary to
get something in writing from Pollock, and,
accordingly, a quit-claim deed was executed by
him to Robert Walker for twenty sliillings,
August 24, 1774. Brice sold this tract to
JUNIATA COUNTY.
785
Robert Walker May 22, 1773. Walker sold
part (two hundred aud two acres) to Thomas
Harris November 12, 1774. Harris erected a
grist-mill as early as 1779. Harris sold it to
Dr. John Archer, of Harford County, Md.,
October 12, 1788. Archer sold it to Tiiomas
H. Stewart, of Hunting-don County, INIarch 24,
1810.
It seems that the two hundred and two acres
sold to Harris did notincludcall thetractclaimed
by Walker. For this there was tlien issued a
warrant to Robert Walker June 5, 1770.
William Okesou, about 18-33, bought of
Thomas H. Stewart about two hundred and
twenty-five acres of the Brice lands, on which
he resided during his long, active business life.
This fine farm still belongs to his heirs.
The "Bill of Seal from Scoot," above given,
is the work of the subscribing witness, Andre\v
Johnson, who seems to have been the first law-
yer in Juniata County. He had his office
at IMcWilliams' Shop. John Johnson, the
White Hunter, was likely his brother. An-
drew left his settlement on the head of " Reff
Starit's Run " at an early day.
Lieutenant-Colonel George Stewart lived at
the Okeson mansion at Doyle's Mills. He was
taxed as owning a negro slave, who is the an-
cestor of Robert Johnson, colored, now living in
Beale. Thomas Harris, who probably went to
Maryland from near Harrisburg, bought the
old Brice lauds at Doyle's Mills about 1776,
and divided them between his son, John Harris,
and sou-in-law, George Stewart, the father of
John, the surveyor, who was related to the
Lyons, for whom he did surve3'ing. Surveyor
John was the father of John Harris Stewart,
also a surveyor. Among the descendants may be
named Dr. Joseph Stewart and his sons, — Rev.
Robert, Rev. J. H., George H., of Pittsburgh,
and John, late of the Forty-ninth Regiment
Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; aud also
the descendants of Mrs. Annie Stewart, wife of
Dr. Joseph Kelly. Colonel Stewart took an
active part against the Indians on the border
during the Revolution.
The post-office established in 1863, Doyle's
Mills, was named after Richard Doyle, who
long owned the mills at this place, Jonathan
60
Doyle being the first postmaster. Captain
James J. Patterson succeeded in 1868, and
John P. Kelly in 1872.
Abraham Dewitt warranted two hundred and
twenty-seven acres August 24, 1767, now occu-
pied by William Leech and others. William
Irwin, an active man in the Presbyterian
Church, long owned this place. Dewitt bought
the Sunbury Ferry October 8,1779, and his
widow (then Eleanor Coldron) sold it to John
Lyon October 25, 1787.
James Heddleston, west of Brice, was an
early settler, but only warranted his one hun-
dred and seventy-five acres May 4, 1789, now
owned by heirs of John Harris. This was the
old George Sanderson improvement. George
Sanderson had an order of survey, and held a
large body of land, but the survey was never
returned. At length he sold out his claims,
such as they were, to John Harris, James Boggs,
Jonathan Kearsly and others.
The following facts relate to the lower side of
the township, in the Johnstown Valley : John
McMahan warranted one hundred and fifteen
acres, above Robert Huston and below Johns-
town, July 5, 1762, enlarged by two surveys in
the name of his widow, JIargaret ; now the
property of T. K. Robisou, Mrs. Frankhouse,
Rev. J. Hervey Beale, J. Kelly Patterson and
William Swartz.
James ]\IcMahan warranted one hundred
acres February 4, 1755, and two hundred and
sixty-two acres more May 12, 1767, just above
John's tract. It passed to John Henderson,
then to William Beale, surveyor. The bulk of
it is now owned by Samuel aud William Panne-
baker, David Adams, Haldemau's heirs and
others.
A small portion of William Beale's land came
into possession of his son, the Hon. John Beale.
He sold it out in lots, and the place, taking his
first name, was called Johnstown. When, later,
a post-office was established here, it was named
"Walnut," but the village retains the old name,
somewhat to the confusion of mail matter. The
town has the usual hotel, stores and shops of a
country village. A post-office was first estab-
lished here in 1833. John Harris was the first
postmaster, and has since been succeeded by
786
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Samuel Buck, Joshua Beale, Mahlon Kerlin,
John Adams, Jacob Lemon, Solomon Dough-
man, John H. Rogers for eight years, Mrs. Sarah
Hosteller and Alexander Woodward since
1871.
The first Methodist camp-meeting in Juniata
County was held in the grove just above Johns-
town about 1820. The land then belonged to
George Hikes, a nurseryman, who wasan active
member of that society. Owing to its novelty
and some extravagant actions, it attracted im-
mense crowds of people. The father of this
man Hikes kept a nursery near Newville, Cum-
berland County, and from him Merchant John
Patterson got a large lot of choice apjile trees,
which were planted at Academia,Peru Mills, on
the farm of the late Abraham Guss, Sr., in Mil-
ford, and elsewliere. They were the earliest good
grafted fruit introduced into the county, at least
in large quantities. They were called Rambos,
Hoops, Penicks, Russetts, Red Streaks, Winter
Sweets, Vandevers, Pippins, Oats and Cotlins.
John Irwin, on February 4, 1755, took out a
warrant for two hundred acres to be located on
Tuscarora Creek, but before he got it surveyed
the tract was surveyed to others. On June 12,
1766, he had resurveyed to him three hundred
and fifty acres, now a fine ])iece of land and in
the heart of the valley. After his death it was
divided, Dacsm'oer 23, 1791, batween James, Jr.
and Robert Irwin, his sons. This tract now
comprises the farms of E. Southard Parker,
Abraham G. Partner and Abraham Brubaker.
Ou tiie road from Johnstown to Academia, on
the top of the ridge, at tiie head of Tar Hollow,
is a tract which was warranted to Matthew Ma-
tter, one hundred and tliirty-four acres, July 3,
1767. Here once lived, for about fifty years,
Robert Miskelly. It is now owned by J. Cal-
vin Beale.
Cliristophcr Irwin is stated to havehadan im-
provement north of John Irwin, above the ridge,
in 1786, but he is on the tax-list already in
1773. He warranted three hundred and thirty
acres May 19, 1795. The Irwins are said to
have settled above the ridge, because the valley
was too swampy. There is a great deal of mis-
apprehension among the people now as to the
facts in such cases. Men then knew the diifer-
euce between poor and good land as well as peo-
ple do now. The dates in the case of the Irwins
show that they knew where to locate their war-
rants. There were men who located their sur-
veys on the good land, but erected cabins on
adjoining uplands, which they could thus hold
by right of improvement, in addition to their
surveys, and they did this, especially for a few
years, where the timber was small and thin and
easily removed, and where they could with little
labor raise something to get a start and give
themselves time to clear the more fertile and
more heavily-timbered lands. The first settlers
dug no wells, and always located where there
was good water, which sometimes was not con-
venient to the main body of their lands.
Several tracts above were occupied and claimed
by one John Woods as early as 1755. The
stream rising in this region was early called
Sterrett's Run, after Ralph Sterrett, who lived
near its mouth, and later. Woods' Run. It is
now known as Doyle's Run.
James Irwin, Sr., bought, in 1762, the right
of John Irwin, who held in the right of John
Woods, and warranted two hundred and seventy-
four acres February 25, 1773. He also bought
the tract warranted by John Woods, two hundred
and twenty acres, November 6, 1772, thus making
fi)ur hundred and ninety-four acres. He also
took up in his own right one hundred and fifty-
two acres more, March 26, 1788, situated be-
tween his other land and the mountain.
This tract was sold to Benjamin Fahncstock,
who built a saw-mill on a mountain stream in
1797. Part of it passed to Rudolph Bollinger,
then to Daniel Bollinger, who added a small
chopping-mill. The place was afterwards
owned by Jacob Bushy, Samuel Allen and now
David W. Allen.
The other part is now owned by James Sher-
lock, David Hertzler, Harrison Minium, Wil-
liam Stewart and Widow Hannah McDonald.
William Cochran warranted two hundred and
twenty-four acres March 8, 1765. On the north
line of this tract is St. Paul's Evangelical Luth-
eran Church, and the point here is known as
McWilliams' Shop, or Allenville. John P.
Kelly occupies the old mai'sion place, and on
adraft of December 20, 1805, the stream is still
JUNIATA COUNTY.
787
ciilled Sterrett's Run. On Finley's survey,
made September 29, 1762, "Joseph Day's, for-
merly Andrew Johnson," is on this Cociiran
tract.
Samuel Finlej', who also figured in lands at
various points, had warranted two hundred and
four acres June 1, 17G2, "on the head of Star-
rett'sRun," where Harrison Reed and others now
reside.
William Reed Avarranted June 4, ] 770, one
hundred and fifty-one acres. On this tract John
B. Bordell resides, and on the edge of it is Pine
Grove school-house.
Michael Yeater's place was taken up by
Alexander Glassford. A warrant to John Dil-
lon " to cover an old improvement," April 2,
1805, embraces one hundred and sixty-four
acres, now John Bardell.
About 1795 there was a great emigration to
the vicinity of Cincinnati and other points along
the Ohio River, some going into Kentuckv.
More followed at intervals, and took from Tus-
carora Valley many of its most active young
men. In later years the tide was farther north
into Ohio. In 1836 to 1840 there was a great
moving west into Ohio and beyond. Descend-
ants of those who once lived in Tuscarora may
be found in great numbers in Wayne County,
about Wooster, Bucyrus and New Lancaster.
In places, especially in Beale township, the
exodus of 1836 took nearly one-fourth of the
inhabitants.
The Iknis Family and their Captivity. —
Francis Iniiis settled with liis family at an early
period, where his great-grandson, Robert Innis, now re-
sides, on the main road from Doyle's Mills to Mc-
Coysville. The maiden-name of his wife was Milli-
ken. At the time of the taking of Bigham's Fort,
June 11, 1756, Innis, his wife and tliree children were
carried away by the French and Indians. It is a
question whether they were taken at the fort or on
their farm. The tradition in the family has always
been that they were taken in the fort ; that only In-
nis and another man were at the fort, the others hav-
ing gone out to look after their farms ; and this cor-
responds to what Rev. Beatty says in his journal
printed elsewhere. (See also article on the fort under
the head of Tuscarora township). The children taken
were Jane, afterwards married to James Thompson,
Nathaniel and iMary. They were taken to Kittanning,
where Sirs. Innis had a splint run into her breast
during the running of the gauntlet, to which she was
subjected. They were divided among the Indians ac-
cording to their customs and taken northward, to-
wards Niagara. The infant child, Mary, was put
under the ice because it was sickly. Mr. Innis was a
Scotch-Irishman, raised to strict ideas of Sabbath ob-
servance. He refused to work for the Indians on
Sunday, and for the ofl'ense was threatened with death
at the stake. Just at this juncture a party of French
traders came among the Indians, and gave them some
goods for their captive. Mrs. Innis was with some
Indians and in charge of some old and decrepit per-
sons. This was probably near the St. Lawrence. Be-
ing in want of provisions, they saw a vessel coming,
and they sent her in a battoe to beg bread for them,
because the French would much more likely give to
a white person than to an Indian. As luck would
have it, she here found her husband on board, and he
besought the French to buy his wife, which they did,
and they thus both got to Montreal, where they re-
mained near a year. Their son James was born there.
Here he worked and repaid the French for the price
at which he and his wife had been purchased. They
were then allowed to return home. It has been pub-
lished that they did not return until after the peace
in 1764, being held in captivity eight years. This is
a great mistake. According to the Colonial Records
(vol. viii. 147) Robert Taylor and Francis Inn s
and sister, were examined before the Council, July
14, 1758, as to the conduct of one Lawrence Burk, who
had married among the Indians and remained with
them during the whole war. They were, therefore,
back to Philadelphia at that date already, probably on
their way home. The sister is perhaps a mi.stake for
his wife, — it is certain that the woman, whether wife
or sister, had also been in captivity. Taylor was ab-
ducted at the same time with Innis. It is a tradition
in the family, and doubtless true, that on their return
they found their land occupied by some squatter, who
refused to remove, and that Mrs. Innis walked to
Philadelphia, to the Land Office, to have him removed.
The records show that 233 acres were warranted to
Fi'ancis Innis, June 3, 1762, and this property has
been held in the family ever since. Their two older
children, however, did not return with them. It will
be seen in Pennsylvania Archives, (vol. iv. 106), that
early in 1763 they sent the Governor, James Hamilton,
this petition:
"That in June, 1756, your petitioner, his wife and
three children were taken and carried away from
Tuscarora by Beaver King and his company: th.it
your petitioners' youngest child was put to death
in December following. Your petitioners were bar-
tered away for French goods, etc., and your petitioners'
son and daughter are still prisoners lelt behind.
They, therefore, humbly beg leave to remind your
Honor, and pray your wanted care in enquiring for
your petitioners children, and your distressed peti-
tioners, as in duty bound, shall ever pray.
"(Signed) FiSaxcis and Margeey Exxis."
In the fall of 1764, at the end of his expedition
788
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
into Ohio, Colonel Bouquet returned with a large
number of captives which had been surrendered to
him, and among these the Iiinises recovered their two
children, who had been held in captivity for eight
years. A man in Philadelphia had taken the boy to
raise, and refused to surrender him until his parents
proved his identity by a private mark. This mark was
on his back, where two boils had been lanced. The
father told the man who held him that unless these
marks were found upon him he would not claim the
boy. The girl, when told to go into a room among a
luunber of gentleman, at once recognized her father.
She had not lost sight of her brother, having seen him
occasionally during their captivity. There must have
been great rejoicing when these children were restored
to their home. Their son Nathaniel moved to Ken-
tucky, and died there. Francis, Jr., born after their
vpturn from captivity, married a Gray, and moved to
Cincinnati, and bought a farm before there was any
town there, and which is now all built over, and con-
stitutes part of the city. He took a boat-load of pro-
duce to New Orleans, which he there traded for sugar,
ivhich he shipped to Baltimore, where he died soon
after landing. He left a tract of land in Black Log
Valley, which the family have lately recovered after
a remarkable search among family records and land
titles. His only child died young in St. Louis. The
living Inuis families are descendants of James. It is
stated on his monument : His parents being taken
captive in the year 1756 by the French and Indians
at Bigham's Fort, Juniata County, he was born in
Montreal." He served two tours in the Revolutionary
War. By the first wife, Ann Arbuckle, his children
were Francis, William, Samuel, James, John, Eliza-
beth, Nathaniel, Alexander, Joseph, Ann. By the
second wife, Isabella Oliver, lie had Sarah, Mary,
Isabella, Robert, Jane, Ebenezer, Nancy, the laststill
living. The older sons went to Brown County, Ohio,
the rest by the first wife to Rush County, Ind.
Robert's children were Sarah Ann, Elizabeth and
Mary respectively married to John Milliken, McCon-
nell Beale and John Adams. Ebenezer's children
were Jennie, Belle and Robert, respectively married
to Matthew Rogers, Alfred Patterson and Victoria
Junk.
Lower TuscARORA Presbyterian Church.
— In 1766 Rev. Charles Beatty traveled through
the Tuscarora Valley and preached, August
20tli, at a house three miles after crossing the
Tuscarora Mountain by the Traders' Path ; after
service he traveled three miles farther and
lodged at William Graham's, now near David
Esh's, in Spruce Hill. The next day he went
two and a half miles, where his companion, Rev.
George Duffield, preached at " a place where the
people had begun to build a house for worshijj
before the late war, but by accident it had been
burned." This was at Academia and at the
site of the present Lower Tuscarora Church.
By some means the above statement has been
made to read in several written and printed
sermons, that Rev. Duffield preached " at a
place where a house of worship had been com-
menced, but was discontinued on account of the
war." Our quotation is from the original.
The church burned by accident M'as, therefore,
the first one. The second one was built soon
after Mr. Beatty 's visit. It was built of round
logs, covered with clapboards, was without a
floor, and had a large fire-place in the end. It
stood on the road to the present church — the
road running over its very foundation. The
grounds where the church is situated were
granted by order of survey No. 134, to "John
Lyon, William Graham, Robert Houston and
Joseph McCoy, in trust for the Presbyterian
Society or Congregation in Milford township,
Tuscarora valley, under the care of the Synod
of New York and Philadelphia," twenty acres
adjoining William and John Beale on one side
and a ridge on the other. It was surveyed,
May 27, 1813, for the congregation, "say 25
acres, John Patterson, Esq., to pay the fees."
In 1823 it is called the " Milford township
Glebe," twenty-four acres. The old round-log
church gave place, about 1790, to one of hewn
logs, which stood between the present church
and the public road. It had no ceiling, no
plastering and small windows. The floor and
pews were made of sawed boards. The pulpit
was high, and stood at the west end. There
was a door at each side near the pulpit end, and
an aisle ran across from door to door, from
which two long, narrow aisles ran back to the
rear end of the building, three blocks of pews,
beside one at each side of the pulpit in the
corners, making thirty-six pews. A diagram
of the " sitters " in 1803 has been jireserved.
There were ninety-three families, and their
stipends foot up £122 lis. This house was
built under Rev. Hugh Magill. In 1816 the
fourth edifice was erected under Rev. John
Coulter. It was built of stone, and at the time
regarded as altogether too grand and costly an
undertaking ; but time showed the pastor's pro-
JUxNIATA COUNTY.
789
gressive ideas and shrewd forecast of tlie wants
of the people, for it gave the congregation
a prominence and prestige among all the
churches of the region. Stewart Laird was
the contractor, and did his work well, for it
still stands on the point or forks of the road,
now remodeled and turned into a two-story
school building, and so used since the burning
of Tuscarora Academy. Being seen of all, it
needs no description. The present church edi-
fice is of brick, and was built under the pas-
torate of Rev. Dr. G. W. Thompson, in 1849,
and cost sixty-five hundred dollars.
From the time that this infant organization
was visited by Revs. Beatty and Duffield sup-
plies were occasionally sent from the churches
east of the mountains in the older and more
thickly populated regions. In 1771 an eifort
was made to get Rev. Mr. Rhea, but it was not
successful. The congregations in Tuscarora and
at Cedar Springs renewed their "supplications"
for supplies and for a regular pastor. A Rev.
Samuel Kennedy, whom the Presbytery refused
for some reason to recognize as a minister, came
and preached, and soon won adherents, which
bred division and a great deal of trouble in both
congregations. Presbyterj' attempted to restore
order; sent its moderator to read a paper; it
was snatched from his hand, and, to avoid a riot,
he deserted the field. At length, in 1776, came
Rev. Hugh Magill, first as a supply for ten
months and afterwards, getting a call, he was
installed as the first pastor of Lower Tuscarora
and Cedar Springs Churches on the fourth Wed-
nesday in November, 1779. After seventeen
years (1796) he resigned the Lower Tuscarora
Church and continued at Cedar Spring until his
dejith, September 4, 1 805. For six years the
church was dependent on supplies. Rev. John
Coidter preached his first sermon January 1,
1800, and was installed August 11, 1801. He
continued to preach mitil his death, June 22,
1834, that day being the first time in thirty-
three years that he failed to meet his appoint-
ment. He was the son of James Coulter, who
lived in Lack from 1791 to 1823, by the tax-
lists. Before his marriage he lived near Johns-
town ; after that, at the Randolph farm, above
McCoysville. His son James prepared for the
ministry, but died, never having preached but
one sermon. Revs. Coulter and Hutcheson
were married to sisters named Waugh. His
sons, David and John, moved West. Isabella
married George Noss; Eliza, Joseph S. Laird ;
Jane, Dr. Galbreath. Rev. Coulter was an able
and faithful pastor. Prior to his advent the
Presbyterians in the upper end of the valley
worshipped at an old log church at McWilliams'
Grave-yard, in Lack tt)wnship, and were servetl
by a preacher from Path Valley. About the
time of Mr. Coulter's coming they organized
Middle Tuscarora at MeCulloch's Mills, and
Upper Tuscarcjra took its place at Waterloo.
Coulter served the two former, while Rev. Al-
exander Mcllwaine was installed pastor of Tap-
per Tuscarora and Little Aughwick at Shade
Gap, November 5, 1799. He died March 6,
1807. In November 1834, Rev. McKnight
Williamson began to preach at Lower Tusca-
rora, and was installed, the next year, pastor of
this church alone, and continued until April 14,
1845. He is now near eighty- five years of age.
In 1842 there was a great revival in Tuscarora,
under Rev. William Ramsey, a new-school Pres-
byterian minister, who had come to visit bis sis-
ter, Mrs. Judge Beale. From the school-house
it went to the Camp-Ground and then to the
church. The valley had never witnessed such
an awakening before. Rev. Williamson assisted
the movement, and many were added to his
church. The next pastor was Rev. Benjamin
H. Campbell, in 1846, who continued only a
few months. In the spring of 1847, Rev. G.
W. Thompson took charge of Lower Tuscarora
Church and served it for seventeen years, until
his death, January 28, 1864, in the forty-fifth
year of his age. Since then the jiastors have
been as follows: Rev. Samuel Miliiken, 1864
to 1870; Rev. L. B. W. Shryock, 1870 to 1873;
supply for one year, Rev. J. H. Stewart and
Rev. Thomas Robison ; Rev. J. H. Oliver, 1875
to 1884; Rev. C. S. Dewing, 1884, present
pastor.
Public Schools. — There are six public
schools in Beale township, and the buildings are
all frame, — Pomeroy's, John McLaughlin,
Thomas ^IcCoy, John Casner and Miss Rey-
nolds taught here at an early date. Academia,
790
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
George Meloy and James Steele taught here be
fore 1812. Rock, Johnstown, McAllister's
and Pine Grove. Kepner's school-house, near
John Jenkins', on the township line, was not
used after Beale township was organized. James
Butler, in 1817, taught in the old house near
Pomeroy's school-house. The number of chil-
dren in Beale attending schools in 1884 was
two hundred and sixty-seven.
James Butler was an Englishman. He wrote
the book called "American Bravery Displayed."
He compiled a school reader of choice extracts,
mostly patriotic, which is still in manuscript in
the hands of his grandson at McCoysville. The
following is from the pen of Andrew Banks;
"The only author, either of prose or poetry, which
this county has at any time produced was James Butler,
E<q., who used to indulge himself in iraming a kind of
doggerel, mostly satirical, notwithstanding which, they
possessed some degree of merit. Some of his pieces
were published, one in particular, on the subject of St.
Ulair's Defeat, which, of course, was tragical. It pos-
sessed considerable merit and was published, but not
now in circulation, as far as known. He also wrote
and published a novel entitled 'Fortune's Football,'
which possessed some merit. For many years he kept
a record of all the births and deaths which fell under
his notice until his death (at Mifflintown), about two
years ago (1842), at the age of eighty-seven years."
TuscARORA Academy. — Rev. John Coulter,
about 1800, opened a classical school in the
house of Hugh Alexander. This was the first
school of the kind in the county, and was contin-
ued until 1805. About the year 1805 Rev. John
Huteheson started a similarschool in Mifflintown,
which was continued until about the time of
the opening of Tuscarora Academy.
Rev. McKnight Williamson opened a school
in 1835, in a house on the farm now owned by
Henderson Gilson. He taught the classics and
other higher branches. In 1 837 he taught a class
of about fifteen students in a house belonging to
Andrew Patterson. Merchant John Patterson
gave two thousand dollars and several acres of
land for the use of the school. Many other resi-
dents of the valley also gave liberally. The
Legislature, in 1837, incorporated "Tuscarora
Academy," which was the first institution of the
kind established in the county. The school was
opened in 1839 with Professor David Wilson as
principal, and continued until 1852, with the
exception of about two and a half years, during
which time he was^at the head of the Ijewistown
Academy. The academy for many years had
an uninterrupted tide of success. From 1852 it
passed successively under the control of Rev.
Dr. G. W. Thompson, Rev. G. W. Garth-
waite, Dr. Isaac Blauvelt, Dr. J. H. Shoe-
maker, Dr. David D. Stone, W. A. Mc-
Dowell, Dr. D. D. Stone, Captain J. J. Pat-
terson, and Dr. D. D. Stone, under whom,
in October, 1 873, the building used as the board-
ing and dormitory departments was burned.
The trustees purchased the building now used
as the boarding department, and the school
has been continued ever since by Dr. Stone,
Dr. Cleveland, Captain J. J. Patterson, Har-
kins Brothers and Rev. Vaughan, present in-
cumbent. It has at present over thirty students.
Beale township has sent out some of her own
sons to enlighten others. Calvin McDonald
now edits the San Diego Herald in California.
Rev. N. A Okesou is an Episcopal clergyman
at Norfolk, Va.
Indian Mound and Fort. — At Bryner's bridge,
two miles above Academia, there are the remains
of an ancient Indian mound of human bones, and
near by there was once an Indian fort. The mound
is on the creek bottom, about one hundred yards
from the north end of the bridge, on the upper
side of the road, and now consists only of an un-
plowed spot, thirty feet long and twenty wide,
grown up with wild plum bushe:*. Originally it
was a huge sepulchre. Octogenarians living near
informed the writer that they conversed with the
original settlers concerning it, and were told that
when they first saw it, it was as high as a hunter's
cabin (fifteen feet), and that its base covered an
eighth of an acre. Other old folks describe it as hav-
ing been twelve feet high and one hundred in diame-
ter, with an oval base. Ninety years ago there stood
upon it a large elm-tree. Some eighty years ago
this property was owned by George Casner, who, with
his sons, Frederick, Jacob and John, hauled out the
greater i)ortion of the mound and scattered it over
the fields. An old lady says she saw the bottom all
white with bleaching bones after it had rained.
Even after this spoliation the mound was si.x feet
high; but afterwards it was plowed over for a num-
ber of years until it became nearly level. Students
from the academy frequented it for teeth and other
relics. Quite a number of stone axes and flint arrow-
heads, pipes and other relics were exhumed, all of
which have been lost sight of and carried away. It
is believed by intelligent old citizens that this mound
JUNIATA COUNTY.
791
was the result of some terrible battle between two
hostile tribes, who thus summarily disj)osed of their
dead.
"The Old Fort Field. — At the lower end of the
bottom, Doyle's Mill Run enters the creek. Its bank
on the side next the mound, for some distance, has a
perpendicular cliff' about twenty-five feet high. Be-
tween this cliff' and the high bank bordering tlie bot-
tom, at the edge of the swamp, there is an elevated
flat of perhaps twenty acres, of triangular shape, ex-
tending on the west to a high ridge, the end of which
is opposite the mound. This elevated point between
the run and swamp is called the Old Fort Field.
The poiut of the Fort Field is down the creek, and
about three hundred or four hundred yards below the
mound. No one knows how long the name Old Fort
Field has been in use. There are three things about
this field that deserve notice, and, as in the case of
the mound, it is a pity that they were not described
by a competent scholar before they were obliter.ated.
" 1. There was an earth-work thrown up, from the
cliff" on the run to the creek bottom bank, enclosing
about three acres of the elevated point, which, by
nature and art, was thus rendered perfectly inacces-
sible. Persons yet living saw this earthen bank when
it was three feet high. It was semicircular in form,
with the concave side next the point of the elevated
land. It was composed entirely of ground, and had
clever saplings growing upon it. By frequent plow-
ing and cultivation it has now become almost entirely
obliterated.
" 2. Within this enclos=ure Mr. Milliken, some
years ago, plowed up an old fire-hearth or altar, com-
posed of flat, smooth creek stones, on which rested a
quantity of charcoal and a.shes, articles which are
almost indestructible. Such altars among the Ohio
mound-builders are not regarded as mere fire-places,
but probably connected with the council-house or
sacrificial devotions.
"3. One of the most interesting remains of this fort
or ancient fortified village, is a series of 'steps' cut in
the rock, near the point of the enclosure, leading
down to Doyle's Run. These steps were very distinct
to the first settlers, and are, in fact, yet well defined.
Neighboring children used to go to 'play at the In-
dian stone steps.' These steps could not have been
formed by any process of nature, such as the crumb-
lings of alternate seams in the strata, for the rock is
tilted on its edge and admits of no lateral cleavage.
" We have here the earth-work, the hearth and the
carved steps, and their proximity to the mound cer-
tainly link their history together. Was this a mili-
tary fort, and are the bones the result of the battle
fought there, or was it simply a fortified village and
the bones the natural accumulation of successive
burials ? We venture an opinion of their origin and
history.
" The tract including the Fort Field was taken up
by Ralph Sterrett, and he no doubt for a time lived
here. As mentioned under the head of Bigham's
Fort, it is probable he had a kind of fort at this place.
The question arises whether his block-house may not
have given origin to the traditionary ' Old Fort Field.'
Some have so supposed. We very decidedly think
not. Sterrett's residence must have been fiirther up
the run, atthesjiriiig and near the Chamber-Milliken
mansion. He had nothing to do with the enclosure
formed by the earth-work, and there was no spring in
it. He neither could have made it nor utilized it. It
is very likely, however, that he had his fort near by
the Fort Field, and being a trader and conversant
with the country, even before it was purchased, it is
very likely that he selected this tract because of the
old Indian-cleared corn-fields that were with little
labor ready to be again ]ilanted. His house, with its
loop-holes for defense, could not have given the name
to the field."
A Mastodon.— In 1847 Drs. J. P. Sterrett
and J. L. Kelly discovered in the ancient sur-
face alluvium of the Post- Tertiary period, along
the bank of Tuscarora Creek, near Academia, a
tu.sk and a number of teeth of a mndorlon ffi-
ganteuti, a fossil member of the elephant fam-
ily. Tiie animal, when alive, must have been
twelve feet high and twenty-five feet long, al-
lowing seven feet for the tusks. The remains
were found si.x feet below the surface. The tusk
was nine feet long, about two feet of which must
have been in the socket. It was eight inches in
diameter at the socketend,and gradually tapered
to a point. One of the teeth had yet a ])ortion
of the jaw remaining. Though many have
been found in miry grounds elsewhere, this is
the only " find" that we know of in this interior
mountain rea-iou of our State.
CHAPTER XII.
SPRUCE HILL TOWNSHIP.'
This town.ship was formed by dividing Tur-
bett on September 10, 1858, and is the young-
est township in the county. The viewers ap-
pointed were Joseph Middaugh, of Turbett,
Isaac Kurts, of Walker, and David Bashoar,
of Fermanagh. The line from the Tuscarora
Creek to the top of the motuitain is nearly
straight. The first assessment was taken in
1859. There were then about one hundred
' By A. L. Guss.
792
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
and eighty-six resident taxables and forty-four
single freemen. Tiie name given this township
was derived from a place on the bank of the
Tuscarora where there were formerly a great
many spruce-trees, from which it obtained the
name of Spruce Hill. A school-house after-
wards had the same name ; then it was given to
the post-office and finally to the township.
Spruce Hill is bounded on the north by
Beale and Milford, on the west by Tuscarora,
on the east by Turbett with the Tuscarora
Mountain to the south. The northern line fol-
lows the creek, except the Half-Moon, a loop in
front of Academia, which is included in Spruce
Hill. The liimestone Ridge divided the settlers
in the valley next the mountain from those
along the creek, excepting at the Half-Moon.
As this territory was in Turbett prior to 1859,
and in Milford prior to 1817, and in Lack prior
to 1769, the reader is referred to those town-
ships for assessment lists of the first settlers,
and to Milford for a list of early taxable in-
dustries.
Early Setti.kes. — Hugh Quigley war-
ranted one hundred and nine acres, June 12,
1762, on the Tuscarora Creek, in a loop, now
owned by John F. G. Long. The first road
from the Run Gap was to pass his house.
Samuel Christy warranted one hundred and
forty-eight acres May 29, 1767, now the Cas-
ner brothers. This was Hunter John Wil-
liams' old place, where he was in 1763, when
the Indians visited the valley and from whom
he made a narrow escape.
William Stewart got a warrant, February 3,
1755, for a tract on the .south side of Tuscarora.
He was killed by Indians before the land was
surveyed. John Williams, hunter, married the
Widow Stewart, left his " old place " to Christy,
as stated above, and moved to the Stewa7"t place,
which, January 14, 1788, he warranted in his
own name, not forgetting, by an unnatural line,
to include the best part of his old plane, thus
making two hundred and ninety-nine acres,
and now owned by J. Nevin Pomeroy, being just
across the creek from his store.
Captain John AA'^illiams was wounded in the
battle of Brandywine. He was the grandfather
of Captain John P. Wharton, father of John
Williams, Jr., and grandfather of Joseph Wil-
liams.
William Stewart came from the Yellow
Breeches and was married to an Irwin. His
children were William, Jr., .lames, and a
daughter married to Edward Milliken and
another to Thomas Kenn3^ Milliken moved
to Washington County and Kenny to Ken-
tucky. James died in Carlisle. William mar-
ried Alice Graham. He died about 1805,
leaving the following children : William mar-
ried Peggy Copeland ; Annie, wife of Wil-
liam Wharton, who was in "St. Clair's De-
feat;" Margaret; James, above Johnstown;
George went to Chillicothe ; John went to In-
diana County; Thomas, married to Elizabeth,
daughter of Peter Rice, and is still living at a
very ripe old age in Turbett ; Robert, a tailor,
married Margaret Groce ; Rebecca, wife of
Nicholas Arnold ; Mary, wife of Peter Hench.
The children of Mrs. Stewart to John Williams
were John, Benjamin, the wife of Robert Pat-
ton, the wife of William Jacobs, the wife of
George Jacobs, the wife of Jesse Packer, grand-
father of ex-Governor Packer.
The circumstances of the death of the first
William Stewart are related by Thomas, above-
named, as follows : He went across the creek to
hunt for his horses at John Allen's place. Two
Indians came upon him — a large one and a
small one. Stewart and the large one got into
a scuffle ; Stewart took the Indian's tomahawk
from him and threw it away. The small one
got it and struck him on the head. They took
his scalp and departed. While this was taking
place, his son William, who had accomjianied
him, made his escape. When found, his dog
was beside him and fought for his body. He
was buried there under a poplar-tree which is
said to be still standing.
John Sherrai'd warranted two hundred and
four acres October 25, 1765, and John Arm-
strong three hundred and fifty-six acres Febru-
ary 3, 1755. It would seem, from the fact that
Sherrard had to pay interest on his land from
March, 1760, the same as James Gray, hereafter
cited, that Sherrard had improved his tract as
early as Gray, namely, in 1754, allowance be-
ing made, as in the case of Mrs. Mary Ander-
JUNIATA COUNTY.
793
son, for the time he was driveii away by the
Indians. Armstrong's application calls for "300
acres on Tuscarora Creek, where some Indians
called by the name of Lakens live, about six
miles from the month of Tuscarora." These
two tracts constitute the Half-Moon, being that
part of Spruce Hill township lying north of the
creek. Armstrong had surveyed his tract and
then it was resurveyed together with tlie other
tract May 10, 1768, and soon after Cox & Co.
got both tracts and are so marked in 1770.
In this loop there was an Indian town of the
Tuscai'ora tribe called " Lackens" in 1755, and
the bill of sale given under the bead of Beale
township shows that iu 1754 the ridge running
across the neck of the Half-Moou loop was "the
extent northward of the Indian claim who are
now settled on the bottom surrounded by the
creek." They were still there in 1762, when a
chief from New York came to Philadelphia and
wished to be shown the way and given a pass to
see his brethren in Tuscarora Valley.
Across the creek westward from John Arm-
strong, on February 3, 1755, George Armstrong
got a warrant for one hundred acres " on the
south side of Tuscai-ora, opposite to the settle-
ment of the Indians called Lackens." This
warrant was addressed to William Maclay,
surveyor. This survey was along the creek
where David Esh now lives and Esquire John
Patterson's old place. It was soon added to the
William Graham surveys and shares their history.
Above this, on the creek, lay the survey of
James Kenny, one hundred and seventy-six
acres, warranted February 3, 1755. The date
of this warrant, and that for his large tract in
Turbett, show that tJiis man had been sighting
around for lands at an early date. It is now
owned by William Telfer, Joseph Ard's and
Jacob Esh's heirs. On this Kenny survey, near
the Mill Run, a fourth of a mile east of Pleasant
View, is Ebenezer Church and grave-yard —
" surveyed Februar}" 4, 1843, at the request of
Samuel Heddiu for the use of a Methodist
Episcopal Church." The draft shows a spring
in the corner of a one-acre lot. The present
church was dedicated October 7, 1877; Rev. E.
J. Gray, president of Williamsport Seminary,
officiated.
John Beale, one of the early settlers, had a
survey on the bend of the creek, above Kenny
and below Chambers, to which he added from
time to time, some of it, perhaps, warranted in
the name of other people, the whole making
about two hundred and twenty-five acres. He
was here in 1763. Enoch Beale now lives here
at the Okeson fording. John, Thomas and
David were sons of William Beale, of White-
land, Chester County. Their father never
moved here, but took up in his name several
tracts, and other tracts were taken up by his
sons after they moved here and had established
themselves. John is first named on the tax-
lists in 1763, Thomas in 1767, David, 1772.
Thomas lived at Pomeroy's, in Beale ; David is
a single freeman in ^lilford in 1772, and after
that date at Bealetown. John had a son William,
the father of Samuel, who was the father of
Enoch, the present owner, and they all lived
on the same place at the Okeson fording.
Ralph Sterrett, an Indian trader, had a claim
to a tract of about seven hundred acre.s, now
the site of Pleasaut View, and held part
b_v right of sundry improvements in the name
of other persons, and they were warranted in
the name of David Chambers, Charles Stewart
and others, except one hundred and twenty
acres which Sterrett himself warranted, Sep-
tember 22, 1766, and took in the land of the pres-
ent little village. The Charles Stewart warrant
for one hundred and seventy-two acres is dated
August 3, 1787. These lands are now held by
James Fitzgerald, J. L. Barton, Theodore Mem-
inger, Jacob Esh's heirs and David Barton.
Xorthward of the above, on the creek, lay the
David Chambers survey, one hundred and
sixty seven acres, November 4, 1766, now
known as the Bryner property.
Pleasaxt View is a small village, containing
only eight dwelling-houses. The school-house
here has the title La Grange, so named by Ben-
jamiu Reynolds, who deeded the ground for
school purposes about 1856. The post-office
here was formerly called Tuscarora Valley, and
seems to have been established about 1830, with
James Milliken as postmaster;, after his death
James B. ]\Iillikeu, then Benjamin Cresswell.
About 1848 Henry Louder became postmaster,
794
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
and about this time the name was changed to
Pleasant View. The postmasters since have
been as follows : Joseph Barnard, James S.
Patterson, from 1862 to 1870, and J. L. Bar-
ton, since the last date.
Norris Williams, on the creek above, war-
ranted eighty acres January 13, 1791. On this
place was the Jesse Evans saw-mill, 1795; now
Thomas Ramsey; late Telfer. The saw-mill
tract (three acres) was sold by Samuel Williams
to Jesse Evans, May 4, 1805. On November
28, 1805, Charles Morrow sold Daniel McDon-
ald the mill-race, etc., formerly occupied by
Jesse Evans. On August 29, 1807, Evans sold
the three acres to McDonald.
Joseph McCoy took up three tracts, making
one hundred and eighteen acres, in 1788, lying
between Williams and the John Graj' jilace.
These he sold to Jesse Evans, March 18, 1805;
and he to Daniel McDonald, one hundred and
thirty acres, August 29, 1807. Theodore Mem-
inger, present prothonotary, now resides upon
and owns most of this tract.
Charles Murray warranted, March 26, 1788,
three hundred and thirty-nine acres, west of
McCoy, comprising the highlands.
James Scott's survey extended across the
creek to the amount of sixty-seven acres, war-
ranted April 16, 17G7, now David Swartz.
Abraham Enslow had a tract in the northwest
corner of the township, now owned b)' G. & D.
Ubil.
Having followed the creek side, we now re-
turn to the main valley adjoining the Turbettline.
William Rennison warranted two hundi-ed
and sixty-four acres at the Spruce Hill line ad-
joining Turbett, surveyed May 6, 1761, and
warranted February 3, 1755, though the Land-
Office itself seems to be without this date. It
was a choice tract and is now owned by Thomas
Stewart, Yost Yoder, Joseph Yoder and Samuel
Graham. Rennison sold seventy-five acres to
his son John, who sold to William Stewart,
November 28, 1782, who also got twenty -five
acres more of the main tract in 1784, and it has
been held by the Stewart family ever since.
John Crozier warranted two hundred and
nineteen acres September 10, 1766, where Sam-
uel Wharton now lives.
William Kenny and Charles O'Harra, in two
tracts, took up four hundred and thirty-nine
acres over towards the mountain from the above,
now Calvin Gilson and others.
John Christy took up, November 27, 1766, a
tract of one hundred and fifty-four acres above
Rennison.
William Christy, by apjilication 1994, No-
vember 4, 1766, took up one huudred and fi fly-
four acres west of Rennison, which, by will,
descended to his son William, who sold it to
William Wharton, August 14, 1811, then one
hundred and seventy-eight acres. It has since
passed to William Wharton, Jr., and is now
owned by his son William, being the fifth Wil-
liam owner of this place. This is probably the
original settlement of the Widow Christy on
the tax-list of 1763, and possibly her husband
lived here. William, James, John, Samuel, who
took up this and adjoining tracts, and also Den-
nis, on Licking Creek, were probably all her
sons. The Wharton grave-yard is located on
this farm.
James Christy, on order of November 27,
1766, had surveyed, April 15, 1767, one liun-
dred and twenty-eight acres, now owned by
Henderson Gilson. It lay between Crozier and
Patton.
A little east of this the tniveler will observe
a farm with a conspicuous residence perched up
against the side of the Tuscarora Mountain.
This is where Leonard Manger now lives, be-
fore this called Stewart Cummin's place, two
hundred and two acres. It is historic as the
residence of John Cummin, the father of Juniata
County. Side by side with the above, and
highest up the mountain, may be seen the old
home of Roger Staynor, an old Revolutionary
soldier.
John Patton, by warrant of August 23, 1785,
took up two hundred and fifty acres at Spruce
Hill, now owned by John Gilliford, George
Meminger, William Evans, Thomas T., William
A. and J. Harvey Patton and others. By his
will it descended to his son William. John
Patton's church certificate, July 22, 1753, shows
he came from Ballygawley, Ireland. John
Patton never lived on his tract, but his son
William came upon it about 1787. Patton is
JUNIATA COUNTY.
T95
taxed for this land already iu 1763, and is con-
stantly ffiven as an adjoiner.
William, son of John, served all tlirough the
Revolutionary War. His son, James S., married
Jane Gilliford, a granddaugiiter of John, who
settled opposite Hollidaysbiirg, or, as Jones
says, near Blair Furnace, and was killed by
Indians in 1778, a number of whose descend-
ants now reside in this county.
William Patton had erected a saw-mill on
his tract as early as 1 790. On February 2(5,
1798, he conveyed to John Francis thirteen
acres, including the saw-mill, which he then
sold to Thomas Gilson, January 1, 1799.
Thomas Gilson is first taxed with a grist-mill
in 1790, the same year that the saw-mill com-
mences. That was his old mill up the run,
where the fulling-mill and tannery were erected
afterwards. It was not without some research
that the location of the old mill was discovered.
Thomas Gilson was drowned at the bridge at
the " Old Port" town in 1816. His sou Wil-
liam carried on the mill, and from him the thir-
teen-acre mill property pas.sed to his son Wil-
liam, who conveyed it to Jesse Rice, March 5,
1839 ; Rice sold to W. H., John and Robert
Patterson, May 1, 1846, who sold to Robert
Patterson, Jr., April 3, 1849, whose heirs still
own it.
Baptist Church. — On June 9, 1794, Wil-
liam Patton conveyed to Nathan Thomas,
Daniel Okeson and Jesse Fry, " representing
the Baptist congregation of Milford township,
in trust, one acre, to erect a house of worship,"
adjoining Ration's mill-dam and race, " together
with the free privilege of a spring and way to
and from it, situated over the mill-race." On
this ground they erected a log church building,
in which they occasionally held service. The
congregation becoming weak in this vicinity, it
was abandoned to strengthen another church
erected near the old forge on Licking Creek.
The land was sold to William Gilson by Lewis
Horning and Dennis Randolph, trustees of the
church, April 12, 1829. Before this a number
of persons were buried here on this church
property.
On a part of this tract Thomas Gilson erected
a grist-mill, taxed as early as 1790, built of
logs, and which he aban<loned in 1799, after
purchasing the .saw-mill and water-power lower
down. On the old mill-site he put upa fulling-
mill in 1811, which was run by him and his
son David until the product of such mills was
superseded by factory goods. After this, about
1850, John Moffet, Elias Gruvcr and Samuel
Shearer built a tannery where tlie fulling-mill
had stood, and after running it sometime, it was
burned, when they rcibuilt on a larger scale and
did an extensive tanning business. It was sold
to John A. Sterrett, of Lewistown, and cea.sed
running about 1880. It is near by Spruce
Hill post-office, often railed " Conn's Store," a
small hainlet near the mill, on the main road
up the valley.
Arks were formerly built at Spruce Hill
(before the erection of Patterson's mill-dam),
in the creek, which, when floated down to the
Royal Port, could be loaded with five hundred
barrels of flour, and taken safely out of the
mouth of the creek and down the river.
Samuel Rogers, on application, September 1-5,
1766, took up two hundred and five acres
southwest of Patton, which passed to Charles
.Stewart December 23, 1766 ; to David McXair
August 14, 1771 ; to Joseph Gordon May 4
1772 ; to John Kerr, who had it patented, call-
ing it " Prospect." From Kerr it passed to
Samuel Hogg, and then to George Gilliford, the
pre.*ent owner.
Stephen Cochran warranted three hundred
and thirty-five acres September 28, 1767, west
of Rogers, which he sold to Matthew Hender-
son, which he sold to William Graham June
10, 1774; now owned by Samuel Graham's
heirs, Jonathan Swartz and Allison Hencli.
There is a cave back of Widow Graham's house,
which has never been exjilored.
John Graham had a warrant for onehundretl
acres, "including a Deer Lick at the foot of the
Tuscarora mountain," September 20,1762. He
was a son of William Graham, mentioned be-
low, and was killed by the Indians on July 11,
1763, over the mountain at Buffalo Creek.
When last seen he was sitting on a log near the
place of attack, with his hands on his face and
the blood running through his fingers. His
tract is now partly the property of Noah Esh,
796
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
one hundred and seventy-two acres. John Gra-
liam had also warranted one hundred and sev-
enty-two acres March 1, 1763. The deer-lick
is on Noah Esh's farm.
John Fitzgerald warranted a tract January
11, 1765, part of which was included in the
Cochran survey.
William Graham, a pioneer in this section,
warranted a tract of one hundred acres Septem-
ber 20, 1762, adjoining James Kenney, Robert
Hogg and his other lands. He also warranted
one hundred acres "on south side Tuscarora
creek, in Leek township, including his improve-
ment," March 2, 1763. His house on this prop-
erty was burned by the Indians July 11, 1763.
It stood on Benjamin Hertzler's lot, near a
spring in front of Mrs. Isabella Graham's
house. He purchased the tract of Jc)hn Arm-
strong, already uamed as being opposite Lack-
ens, and the three surveys added together made
four hundred and nineteen acres, and are known
as the "Graham lands." The lines have been
very much changed. Parts of the surveys of
Armstrong, John Graham and the two William
Graham tracts were patented, ]\Iarch 12, 1839,
by Joseph Yoder, two hundred and thirty-nine
acres ; now owned by David B. and Noah H.
Esh. John Patterson, Esq., patented one hun-
dred and fifty-four acres April 12, 1827, parts
of Armstrong and the two William Graham
tracts. On this tract, on a mountain-stream,
W^illiam, son of William Graham, erected grist
and saw-mills in 1813, which were continued by
his sons, then by Yost Yoder, John Esh ; now
Benjamin Hertzler ; but the mills have been
abandoned for several years.
Robert Hogg, claimed by some writers to be
one of the first settlers, had a large tract of
three hundred and ninety-three acres warranted
April 11, 1763. It is choice land, and is now
held by John L. Patterson, George Patterson,
William Patterson, Christ Yoder, James Fitz
gerald, the latter's mill l)eing on the tract.
Robert Hogg's daughter, Mary, was married,
September 15, 1778, by Rev. Hugh Magill, to
John McKee, and they occupied part of the
mansion tract. Their children were Robert,
Thomas, William, Mary, James, John, Martha,
David, Logan and Sarah. They all left Tusca-
rora Valley except William, who married Eliz-
abeth, daughter of Samuel Laird, in 1816.
Mrs. Samuel Coo])er, of Port Royal, and Mrs.
M. Forsyth, of Derry, Mifflin County, are
daughters. John McKee laid out on his land
a lot for a church and grave-yard. No churcii
was ever built here ; but the ground was used
for a grave-yard, and here Robert Hogg and
wife, Letitia, John McKee and others are buried.
It is known as " McKee's grave-yard," and is
on the farm now Christ Yoder's. Here, there-
fore, repose the remains of one of the pioneer
adventurers into Tuscarora. There is a story
that, at the time of the taking of Bigham's
Fort, Mrs. McKee and her father (Robert Hogg)
were taking some goods across the mountain on
a cow, and were seen by the Indians, who let
them pass, because they did not wish just then to
alarm the fort.
Although William Maclay surveyed and re-
turned for Hogg three hundred and ninety-three
acres under his warrant, yet this was more than
could be held under it. One John Kennedy
thought he would like to lay a warrant on the
surplus. Hogg entered his caveat and they
were cited to appear July 28, 1765. Kennedy
not appearing, Hogg was heard. The decision
was, •■' That Hogg made an improvement on the
place in dispute long before Kennedy obtained
any warrant for the same, and was driven oif
by the Indians ; therefore Hogg is to have three
hundred and ninety-three acres, provided he
take out a uew warrant for one hundred and
fifty acres, but this must not interfere with
John Gray." Hogg sold the benefit of this
grant to John McKee June 7, 1786, who war-
ranted one hundred and fifty-one acres inside of
Hogg's old lines. The time Hogg was driven
off by Indians must refer to 1756, when Big-
ham's Fort was taken. The reader will note
the special tender regard for Hannah, widow of
John Gray, that the lines of her survey remained
unchanged, and that she be not troubled with
any interferences.
The name of this old pioneer was spelled
Hogg in former days. He came from East
Pennsborough, in Cumberland County, where
numbers of the family spell their name Hoge.
Jonathan Hoge was long active and useful in
JUNIATA COUNTY.
797
the early days of this State. The tombstones
say Robert Huge died January 20, 17yx, aged
eighty years. Letitia Hoge died March 12,
1812, aged eighty-eight years. Joliii McKee
died November 10, 1830, aged seventy-six
years. His wife, " old Mrs. McKee," of the
famous law-suit, and only daughter of Robert
Hoge, died in the West. There is an old path
here, crossing the mountain, which was known
as Hogg's, and later, McKee's Gap, though
there is no depression in the mountain.
Arthur Eccles, two hundred and nineteen
acres, November 3, 1766, south of Hoge; now
W. J. Evans, David Nay lor, E. S. Petit and
Wisdom School-house, so-called from the name
given to the tract on the j)atent granted to
Robert Eccles.
William McMullen, westward of the southern
part of Hogg's survey, warranted two hundred
and twenty -two acres, April 4, 1755, and June
8, 1762; now Samuel Ebberts, Hugh Davis and
others. These were formei-ly called " Warwick
lands." Here formerly lived Joseph McCoy,
one of the most active men in the early enterprises
of the Presbyterian Church. It was sold from
McMullen in 1771 to John Cox, and bought by
Joseph McCoy, February 22, 1772. West and
south of McMullen lay lands of Merchant John
Steele, now heirs of Rev. Thomas Smith. No
house on this tract — farmed by Ebberts.
John Stiger's survey, one hundred and seven
acres, November 5, 1787, lay next the moun-
tain. James' Matthias, or Mathews, had one
hundred and seventy-four acres, February 19,
1793, near by, now Silas Smith's heirs.
John Gray had a warrant, dated February 8,
1755, for " one hundred and twenty acres, includ-
ing his improvement on the south side of Tusca-
rora Creek, adjoining Robert Hogg and James
Gray." This survey was " said to contain two
hundred and forty-two acres." "By virtue of
the judgment of the Board of Property, and
an Order of re-survey from the Surveyor-
General, dated April 25, 1796," William Har-
ris re-surveyed this tract February 6, 1799,
"agreeable to the old lines, for John Gray, the
heir-at-law of John Gray, deceased," and made
it contain three hundred and eighteen acres.
This is the most celebrated tract of land in
Juniata County. (See the appended narrative
on the Gniy property case.)
John Milliken, in the right of James Mc-
Connell's heirs, warranted three hundred and
thirteen acres, April 21, 1794, south of James
Gray, and imjiroved at an early day (now John
Barnard's and others').
James Gray was a brother of John Gray,
whose wife, Hannah, was abducted by Indians.
James held his land without any warrant until
November 18, 1774, when it was said to con-
tain three hundred and thirty-two acres. It
lay in the main valley west of that of John.
After the death of James the place was divided
between his sons, John, Jr., and Hugh, — John
the lower, and Hugh the upper half. Hugh
dying, his tract was left to his son, James, and
a daughter married to James Hughes. In
making this division, February, 1812, it was
found tliat the tract had four hundred and
seventy-seven acres, or two hundred and thir-
ty-three to each son of James, situated partly
in Lack and partly in jNIilford. When these
lands came to be patented, it was found they
could not hold all the lands under the old war-
rant ; so there was obtained a new warrant in
the name of James Gray, October 6, 1815, for
one hundred and sixteen acres inside the south
side of the tract, containing, as the surveyor
says, "lands improved at least as early as 1778
(another draft says 1774), if not earlier, and
continued in cultivation." James Gray him-
self, in his day, lived on the upper end of his
place. He was to be left in Lack, in 1768, on
the formation of Milford ; but nearly all his
land went into the new township. He died
about 1795. His lands are now owned by
John Bennett, David Beale, William Gruver,
John Leonard and Isaac Books.
It was James' son, John (and his children
after him), who were the active parties in the
great law-suit. He is said to have lived a long
time in a cave, where the mother of Elder
Gilliford formerly resided. Had he diligently
cultivated the two hundred and thirty-three
acres inherited from his fiither, and attended to
his own business, he might have lived in a
good house, aud lett his children a fine estate.
He sought bv law to take his Aunt Hannah's
798
JUNIATA ANT) SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
farm, and the lawyers ate him up. Seeking
more, all was lost.
Samuel Wharton, Sr., was a Revolutionary
soldier, who was under Wayne at Boston and
in every battle from Bunker Hill to the sur-
render of Cornwall is at Yorktown, and was
never wouuded. He came from Chester County
and settled, about 1774, at the Delancy (now
Miles) place, and died in 1831. His wife was
a Wilson, aud both families were originally
Quakers. His children were John, Samuel,
William, Robert, Mary (wife of Samuel Meloy)
and Sarah (wife of John Middagh). John's
descendants moved mostly to Delphi, Ind.
Samuel, Jr., moved to Columbiana County;
Ohio. William's sons were William and Sam-
uel ; the former married Jane Mary Delancy,
and has sons, William and Robert. Captain
John P. Wharton is a son of Robert, son of
Samuel.
The land of William Anderson lay northeast
of Spruce Hill post-office. Possessed of squat-
ter improvement rights, Anderson settled at a
sj)ring, and was commissioned assessor of Lack
township, October 28, 1762. He took the first
assessment of Lack for 1763. A certificate for
himself and wife shows they came from Fagg's
Manor, in Chester County, and numerous neigh-
bors testify that they " know nothing of him
but honesty." On the 10th of July in that
year, in the dusk of the evening, " the old man
was killed with his Bible in his hand, supposed
to be about worship," by a baud of marauding
Indians, who also killed his son Joseph and a
girl brought up in the family. The wife, Mary,
was at the time at their former home, in Middle-
ton township, Cumberland County. On March
14, 1765, she presented her case to John Penn,
and he was pleased to issue to her a sjiecial war-
rant. No. 88, in which he recites, that Mary
Anderson says, " her late husband, March 27,
1760, purchased an improvement of Peter Titus
on two hundred acres and made considerable
more improvements, and continued thereon till
July, 1763, when, in the late war, her husband
and Joseph, their son, with a servant, were all
murdered at their settlement by the Indians." '
'See third chapter of General History, vol. i. p. 76.
Spruce Hill Schools. — Tiiere are six pub-
lic schools in this township: Centre, Matamoras,
Spruce Hill, La Grange, Wisdom aud Gap.
These houses are all frame. Before 1807 a
hon.se stood near James Okeson's. Andrew
Garner, Joseph Highlands, Robert Coulter,
Alexander Coulter and Jolin Glasgow were
teachers. In 1830 it was knoM'u as the Big
Spring school-house and taught by John Gray ;
later teachers, John Frow, Alexander Graham,
George Morrow, Kelly Patterson, Jane Liggett,
John Rutherford and Adam Nelson. About
1807 au old school-house stood on a lot where
W^idow Steward lives, and David Powell taught
here. In 1817 a house stood on Samuel Mow-
ery's land; Williatn Williams taught here. In
1817 a house stood where S. A. HoflTmau's
wagon-shop now is, and Charles Woodney
taught. Another old house .stood a fourth of a
mile below Conn's store, on the road. Another
stood near Samuel Wharton's as early as 1802.
The number of children in Spruce Hill attend-
ing school in 1884 was two huudred and forty.
Spruce Hill has been the birth-place of some
men who have their mark elsewhere, — Rev.
Joseph Kelly, minister of the Presbyterian
Church at Spruce Creek ; Rev. J. H. Barnard,
son of Joseph, now of Kankakee, 111.; Rev. Jo-
seph Patterson, who died in Jacksonville, Fla. ;
Rev. William A. Patton, formerly of Willing-
ford Colored Academy at Charleston, S. C.
The Gray Land Litigations. — The sur-
vey of John Gray has connected with it much
interesting legal history. He had made an im-
provement on his tract of three hundred and
eighteen acres prior to the date of his warrant,
February 8, 1755.
On June 11, 1756, the Indians took Big-
ham's Fort, situated a few miles west of Gray's
laud, an account of which will be found in
Chapter III. of this work, entitled " Settlements
and Massacres," page 69. They carried off
Hannah, wife of John Gray, and a three-year-
old child named Jane, whom Gray had left in
the fort while he and another person went to
Carlisle on business. As Gray was returning
to the fort a bear ran across his track, fright-
ened his horse and threw him off. In conse-
quence of this accident he was detained .some
JUNIATA COUNTY.
799
time on the road in readjusting his pack, and
when he returned to tlie fort he found that it
had just been burned and every person in it
either l^illed or taken prisoner. Among those
carried off were Francis Innis and wife and
George Woods. John Gray joined Colonel John
Armstrong's expedition against Kittanning, in
September following, in hopes of hearing from
his family; but he returned to his former home
in Bucks County, wliere he died, leaving a will
dated April 12, 1759. This will provided as
follows :
" I give unto my sister, Mary Gray, one full half of
my plantation on .Juniata river, in Tuscarora valley,
to be taken ofl' the side lying next to my brother, James
Gray's plantation, upon this condition, that she pay to
my nephew, John Gray (son of James Gray), the sum
of £5 in one year after my decease, and in considera-
tion of her making no demand of £13 of any of my
heirs or legatees, or of my estate now or forever,
which £13 I formerly borrowed of her. The other
half of my said plantation I give unto my loving wile,
Hannah Gray, and my daughter, Jane Gray, to be
divided between them, share and share alike ; but in
case my said wife should die before the execution of
this my will, or never return from captivity, then her
part both of real and personal estate bequeathed to
her to remain to my daughter Jane. And if it should
so happen that my daughter Jane should die, or not
return from her captivity, and my wife return and
survive her, so, in like manner, that part given to my
daughter shall remain in my wife and her heirs for-
ever.''
Mary Gray was executrix of the will.
The widow, Hannah, hid in the wagon of a
trader in some deer-skins, and escaped. Having
returned, she took possession of the property,
and was taxed for it in 1763. Her husband's
sister, Mary, it seems, did not accept the devise,
at least did not comply with the condition, as
the following receipt signed by her, dated Au-
gust 19, 1760, shows: "Received of Hannah
Gray the sum of sixteen pounds, it being in full
of all debts, dues and demands against the es-
tate of John Gray." As Hannah paid the claim
and interest on which Mary's half was made
conditional, she and every one else considered
her as the owner of the land. About 1771 she
married Enoch "Williams. They rtsided on the
plantation, and were taxed for tiie whole tract
for many years. They had no children. Their
right of ownership was undisturbed for twenty-
five years. In 1764 Colonel Bouquet marched
an army to the Muskingum, in Ohio, and forced
the hostile tribes to surrender the captives held
by them. Among those recovered were a large
number of children scarcely able to recognize
their parents. Those unable to tell where they
belonged were taken to Philadelphia, and per-
sons who had lost children were notified. Mrs.
Gra}' went and brought back a girl which she
said was her Jane. The identity of this child
became a matter of dispute.
Mary Gray never qualified as executrix, and
there was a citation to her, on April 22, 1790,
to appear at the register's office in Bucks
County, in order to undertake the trust reposed
in her by the testator. This she refused to obey,
and Enoch Williaius was appointed administra-
tor of tiie estate March 16, 1791. This legal
disposition of the estate did not prevent the
coming storm. Johu Gray, the deceased, had a
brother James, who settled above him, his resi-
dence being on the border of the present Tusca-
rora township. James had a son, John Gray,
Jr., who desired to secure Mrs. Williams' land,
which twenty-five years of hard labor by Enoch
Williams, her husband, had made very valua-
ble. John Gray, Jr., somehow managed to get
possession of a house on his Aunt Mary's half of
the land. Measures were at once commencetl to
eject him. On November 9, 1796, Enoch Wil-
liams and his wife, Hannah, sold David Beale
two hundred and fifty acres in trust for the
benefit of said Enoch and Hannah, in their sep-
arate capacity, as if they were not man and wife,
all damages arising from the ejectment suit then
pending against John Gray to be for the sole
use of Mrs. Williams ' The price was five
shillings and other valuable considerations.
Once Mary Gray relinquished all her right to
the half of this tract to her poor sister-in-law,
and took sixteen pounds in full of all claims
against the estate. In course of years this sym-
pathy ceased. Hannah lived with another man,
and busy-bodies Avere circulating the story that
the child she had taken was not her own.
Young John persuaded his Aunt ^larv to give
him a deed for her half of the place, May 21,
1 Deed Book C, p. 359.
800
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
1803, thus renewing or setting up a claim which
she had abandoned many years before. Han-
nah Williams, on July 11, 1803, sold to David
Beale all her rights to the lialf of these three
hundred acres, as vested in her by the deed of
trust of November 6, 1796, for two hundred
and fifty dollars. David Beale, being thus
armed with the title claims of Mrs. Williams,
in conjunction with Enoch Williams' legatees,
pressed the ejectment suit they had instituted,
and succeeded in dispossessing John Gray, Jr.;
and afterwards placed David and John Fred-
erick as tenants upon the place. The disjjute
was all confined to that half of the survey de-
vised conditionally to Mary Gray. An ejectment
suit was brought by John Gray, Jr., in August,
1810, against the Fredericks, then in possession
under titles derived from Williams and his
wife. In October, 1815, a jury rendered a ver-
dict in favor of the defendants. An appeal was
taken by Gray to the Supreme Court, which, at
a session held at Sunbury, June 4, 1817, re-
versed the decision of the lower court, and sent
the case back for re-trial. In the mean time there
was a great change in the title of the Enoch
Williams half of the estate.
Enoch Williams, by his will dated April 19,
1802, devised his estate to legatees, and his in-
terest in the half of the land was sold to satisfy
the judgment of Messrs. Hale, Duncan &
Watts, his lawyers, who got tired waiting, the
land being then vested in Zachariah and David
Williams, surviving obligors of Edward Wil-
liams, on August 21, 1821, and was bought in
by Hale and deeded over to John Norris, of
Mifflin County, for two hundred and sixteen
dollars. Enoch Williams had died about 1803,
and Mrs. Williams also died not long after.
Beale and Norris thus became directly the inter-
ested parties in the suit. On May 20, 1823, it
Avas tried again, and the verdict M-as for the
plaintiffs, for one-half of the place as devised to
Mary Gray on the side next James Gray, with
six cents damages and six cents costs. It was
then again taken to the Supreme Court. John
Gray having died, his heirs, under John Cum-
min, continued the suit. The laud in dispute
was that part which was devised to Mary Gray.
The judge ruled that there being no actual sur-
vey dividing the place, James and Hannah
were tenants in common, and that in such case
twenty-one years of peaceable possession did not
give title unless an actual ouster was proved.
The case was taken to the Supreme Court,
and, at Snnbury, June 30, 1823, the decision
of the lower court was reversed. This case,
as. decided by the Supreme Court, is printed
in 10 Sergeant & Rawle, page 182 to 188.
The next trace found was in M'hat was then
called the Circuit Court, May term, 1827,
and then again at May term, 1832, it says :
" Judgment as per agreement filed." The
agreement is signed by John Cummin, Robert
Barnard, John Norris and Joshua Beale, and
by the attorneys. The two first represented the
minor children of John Gray ; and Joshua
Beale, the heirs of David Beale. This re-
markable compromise of conflicting claims
reads: "And now to wit, May 7, 1832, by
consent, judgment is to be entered for Plaintiff"
(now John Gray's heirs) for the one-fourth of
the tract of land for which this ejectment has
been brought — the line to cross N. 37J W. — the
defendants to pay docket costs and the plaintiff's
to file no bill." This compromise ended the
contest for the Mary Gray half of the place.
The part gained by the Grays paid but a small
part of the costs.
There was an ejectment suit instituted by
William McKee against John Frederick and
Samuel Kirk, January term, 1817. Frederick
and Kirk were mere renters, holding the place
at the time. The girl that Mrs. Hannah Gray
(now Williams) had taken as her own, and
always treated as her own, married a man
named Gillespie, and they sold the property
inherited from Mrs. Williams to a clergyman,
named William McKee, of AVashington, D. C,
and he sold it to his nephew, William McKee,
son of John, already named as married to Mary
Hoasc.'
' This lady is the " old Mrs. McKee," a witness at some
of the trials. It has been published that she " spoke Tvith
a rich Irish brogue," and " on one occasion became quite
garrulous, and entered into the history of the valley, to
the great amusement of the court," and that "she de-
scribes the spurious girl as a big, black, ugly, Dutch lump,
and not to be compared to the beautiful Jenny Gray."
Mrs. McKee was native-born, and no doubt a woman of
JUNIATA COUNTY.
801
The record shows that, after many postpone-
ments, the case came up for trial at Lewistown
May 28, 1823, when the following jury was
impaneled : Philip Gilmore, Thomas Elliot,
Henry Dunmire, Nathaniel Cunningham, James
North, Geo. Sigler, Aquilia Burchfield, Augus-
tine Wakefield, Jas. Jacobs, Patrick McC'ahan,
James Baily, James Brisbin. On the 29th Mr.
Hale moved to discharge tiie jury " on account
of improper conduct of the plaintiff and some
of the jurors sworn in the trial of this cause."
The jury was discharged at the cost of the plain-
tiff. On March 19, 1825, a jury returned a
verdict as follows : " We do find for plaintiff
the upper half leased to Johns & Hills ; also
one divided half of lower part, now supposed
to be in possession of Samuel Kirk ; to be laid
off by an artist on the ground." This verdict,
certainly based on a belief in the genuineness
of the girl taken by Mrs. Williams, and on the
validity of the title derived from her as a law-
ful heir, was rendered by the following jurors,
than whom the county contained no better men :
Amos Gustin, John Adams, John Beatty, Jr.,
Francis H. Kinsloe, David Brought, John Rob-
ison, John Crissman, John Maxwell, Stewart
Turbett, John Gettys, William Kerr and Gab-
riel Lukens. This verdict gave McKee the
Mary Gray half and half of the other part. A
new trial was granted December 24, 1828, and
on June 27, 1829, the case was removed by
habeas corpus to the Circuit Court, the final
decision of w-hich, on May 3, 1833, was in favor
of the defendants ; and thus terminated forever
the most celebrated land litigation in the his-
education, culture and refinement. As her son was claim-
ing ihe land tlirough Mrs. Gillespie's title, it is a very un-
likely story that she spoke of her as above stated. The
same writer says: " Her historical developments so much
interested one of the jury at Lewistown. an old settler
himself, that he, forgetting the restraints of a juryman,
sent for the old lady to come to his room at the hotel, and
enter more at large into the days of auld lang syne- The
old man was a little deaf, and the old lady's voice could
be heard throughout the house. One of the counsel, whose
side of the case wore rather a discouraging aspect, over-
heard the old lady, and the next morning exposed the poor
juryman, amidst a roar of laughter from the court and
bar. The case, of course, had to be tried before another
jury."
51
tory of this county, and perhaps having no
equal in the annals of the State.
In the mean time David Beale had al.so died,
leaving a will dated May 21, 1827, in which he
authorized the sale of this land in ca.se of a
favorable termination of the suit. Accordingly,
his sons, his executors, sold the undivided half
to William Okeson for three thousand two
hundred and eighty-five dollars, April 4, 1836 ;
and John Norris sold his half to the same pur-
chaser for three thon.sand five hundred dollars,
March 29, 183(3 ; and it is nearly all held by
his son to this day. Sanuiel Gray was the only
male descendant of John Gray, Jr., party to the
suits here described. He removed to MifQin-
town and kept a hotel, and at his death left no
male descendants.
The last trial of this cause was before the
Circuit Court held iu Mifflintowu. The names
of the jurors and the papers connected with it
could not be found. Samuel Creigh was present,
and on May 2, 1833, wrote to his brother
Alfred an account of the suit, which had just
then closed. This account was published by the
Pennsylvania Historical Society about a year
afterwards, and was the basis of the numerous
narratives which have since appeared.
CHAPTER XIII.
PORT ROYAL BOROUGH (PERRYSVILLE).!
Thom.\s and James Wilson Avere sons of
George Wilson, and were born in Armagh, Ire-
land. George died in 1746, and his wife, Jane,
in 1776. James, after spending some years at the
mouth of Licking Creek, removed to Virginiti,
where he died in 1808. Thomas was a ju.stice
of the peace in Cumberland County, and one of
the men who helped drive out squatter tres-
passers on tlie unpurchased lands of the In-
dians in 1750. He took up a large tract where
Port Royal borough is situated. One tract
was warranted February 3, 1755, and had two
hundretl and foity-two acres ; the other, June
9, 1763, had one hundred and six acres. The
1 By A. L. Guss.
802
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
lower tract ho called " Armagh " and the other
" Addition," surveyed, April 26, 1765, by
William Maclay. George Armstrong's land
bounded above on the river. Wilson moved on
his lands in 1771, and assumed prominence in
the early settlement. He was called " Thomas
Wilson, Creek," to distinguish him from tJie
one at the mountain. His son George, sheriff
of Mifflin County in 1791, and his grandson,
Sheriff W. W. Wilson, of Miffliutown, recently
deceased, were men well known in their day.
Henry Groce bought two hundred and twen-
ty-three acres, April 27, 1812, at the mouth of
Tuscarora Creek, and laid out a town, April 15,
1815. At that time Commodore Perry's fame
was on everybody's lips, in consequence of his
great victory on Lake Erie, in which several of
the Juniata boys had participated. Hence the
town was called " Perrysville " until 1874,
when it was changed to " Port Royal," which
before this had been the name of a post office
established at Saint Tammany town. It was
removed to Perrysville about the time the rail-
road was built. It is a common notion that
the post-office was called Port Royal because
the name " Perrysville" was already applied to
an office in Allegheny County, but this is a
mistake. When the office was established it
was not in Perrysville ; and, besides this, prior
to the canal and railroad, Saint Tammany was
a much more important point than Perrysville.
Its history will be found under the head of
Turbettt township. The railroad company
changed the name of the station December 1,
1875. The borough has no record of the
change.
The town was incorporated April 4, 1843,
and it first appeal's on the tax-lists as a separate
district in 1856, prior to which date it was in-
cluded in the Milford township assessments.
J. W. Rice, Samuel McFadden and George
McCulloch are named in the act to give proper
notice of the first borough election under the
incorporation. Before the incorporation Groce
sold the farm to Benjamin Kepner, but excepted
the lots numbered 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16,
17, 18, 19, 23, 24, 25, 43, 62 and 65. This
was April 16, 1827, and it is fair to infer that
he had not sold more than these eighteen lots
up to that date. The plan of the town is recorded
at Lewistown, in book M, p. 53, September 13,
1815. The post-office was moved to town in
1848, where it was kept by Robert Logan and
afterwards by Dr. G. I. Cuddy, John B. Hen-
derson, John Lukens, John M. Thompson,
James M. Alter, James Wharton and Miss
Maggie Wharton.
The first store was kept by Benjamin Kep-
ner in a stone house next the river, and said
now to be the oldest house in town. Gideon
Thomas built the warehouse owned by Noah
Hertzler. The borough contains three churches,
an academy, four stores, two hotels, three con-
fectioneries, a drug-store, a foundry, jdaning-
mill, printing-office, bank and other business
places and one hundred and thirty-five dwell-
ing-houses.
Public Schools. — The first school-house at
Perrysville stood on the river-bank, on a lot
now owned by William Wagner. John Gish
taught here. It was burned in 1825. School
was kept in it as early as 1816. The second
house was where Mrs. Henderson's house
stands. The third, and first under the free
school system, stood opposite Buck's store.
Another house was on Middle Street, and cost
one hundred and fifty dollars. John Mc-
Laughlin and David Powell taught in it before
1834. The borough was organized as a sepa-
rate school district April 5, 1856. The direc-
tors were Solomon Kepner, Jacob Koons, Isaac
Frank, Adam HoUiday, Richard Bryon and
George W. Jacobs. The present school build-
ing was erected in 1870. The lot cost two hun-
dred and twenty-five dollars, and the house
about fifteen hundred dollars. It is a two-story
brick, and has three rooms. There were one
hundred and seventy-one pupils in 1884.
Perrysville Bridge Company. — The Per-
rysville Bridge Company M'as incorporated
April 16, 1829; supplementary act, April 15,
1834. The first bridge was built at this place
in 1831, and was broken down by snow in-
1839. The heavy snow crushed down the roof
into the middle of the bridge, and then, by its
leaning weight, burst out the ai-ches, so that the
whole structure fell down upon the ice upside
down, so completely wrecking the timbers that
JUiNIATA COUNTS.
803
scarcely a piece was fit to be used again. The
piers and abutments were sold by the sheriif to
satisfy some creditor. The purcliaser turned
in the title to the company. A bridge was
built in 1842 at a cost of five thousand dollars,
and was washed away by the floods October 9,
1847. This blow broke up the company ; but
a new one, composed largely of the same men,
built another bridge in 1851, and raised it five feet
higher than the former one. It cost about four
thousand five hundred dollars, and it was first
crossed on the 10th of (September. The incor-
porators were Stewart Turbett, John M. Pome-
roy, Samuel Okeson, Wilson Laird, John Esh,
John Kepner, George I. Cuddy. Like those at
Mifilin and the new one at Mexico, it still re-
mains a toll-bridge, in which honor Juniata
County alone along the river has the unenvia-
ble distinction.
The PuE-iBYrERiAN Church. — The first
sermon preached in this vicinity was by Rev.
Charles Beatty, August 24, 1766. His journal
will be found on pages 80, 81 and 82. The
first Presbyterians in this section worshipped in
Lower Tuscarora Church. The members hav-
ing increased along the lower part of Tuscarora
Creek, services were occasionally held in school-
houses. At length the Lutherans of Church
Hill entered into arrangements with the Pres-
Jjyterians to help repair their church, and for
this they were granted the use of it on the
alternate unoccupied Sundays. Mr. William-
son preached here ; also Mr. Thompson, during
his ministry (1847-64.) In 1852 a new brick
church was built in Perrysville, costing about
six thousand five hundred dollars. In 1856
part of the roof was blown off. In 1 880 and
later repairs were made. At first the members
belonged to the Lower Tuscarora Church, and
were served by its pastor. A separate body
was organized October 14, 1865. The name was
changed to Port Royal in 1883. The parsonage
was built in 1869. The membership at its organi-
zation was two hundred and thirteen. The first
pastor was Rev. William Y. Brown, installed June
7, 1866 ; continued to June 5, 1870. Rev. James
H. Stewart was called and installed August 15,
1871 ; continued to October 29,1877. Rev. R.
F. Wilson was installed March 27, 1879, and
in 1886 continues in charge. Of the two hun-
dred and thirteen original members, twenty
years ago, fifty remain. Samuel Buck has been
superintendent of the Sunday-school for twenty
years. The elders at the time of the organiza-
tion were John McLaughlin, James ^IcLaugh-
lin, D. W. Flickinger, John Koons, George AV.
Strouse, all of whom were officers in the parent
church. Since then there have been installed
Dr. G. M. Graham, October 31, 1865; David
Wilson, Isaac Hawn, Samuel Buck, A. J. Pat-
terson and Robert E. Flickinger, February 13,
1870; David S. Coyle, Uriah Wise and D.
Nelson Van Dyke, May 4, 1879. Present ses-
sion : (.lohn and James McLaughlin), Graham,
Wilson, Buck, Coyle and Van Dyke. The
present pastor preached an historical discourse
on the twentieth anniversary of tiie congrega-
tion, October 11, 1885, which has been pub-
lished.
The Evangelical Lutheran Church. —
The Lutheran Church iu Poi-t Royal is a con-
tinuation of the organization at Church Hill,
sometimes called " Lower Tuscarora " and
" Rice's Church." The date of its organization
is lost, but is was probably before the begin-
ning of the present century. Church Hill is
the oldest German Church M-est of the river.^
1 Id a sermon now before us it is stated thai, at the time
of the early settlements (whatever period this compre-
hended) there were "no people of any other nationality
here (in Tuscarora Valley) except Scotch-Irish, and no
people of any other creed besides Presbyterians. All peo-
ple of other national ancestors, or religious creeds, are
importations made long since those times." As a matter of
fact, there were a few persons of other creeds from the
earliest settlements.
Thei-e were some Episcopalians in the region, and they
once held services at McLaughlin's, in Turbett. The Bap-
tists and others also had a small sprinkling of adherents
among Ihe early settlers. The Thomas family il7i<6) were
Welsh and Baptists. The Beale family were originally
English and Quakers. Daniel Okeson and Peler Kerlin,
in 1786, and Thomas Van Swearingen, in 1793, were de-
scendants of the ancient Dutch settlers on the Delaware.
The Germans settled in the east end of the county as soon
as any one settled in the west end ; and they were not f^ir
behind them in entering Tuscarora Valley, as the following
shows: Benjamin Kepner, 1772; George Grain ^Grahn),
1771; Philip Sti-ouse, 1776; Andrew Kountz, 1789; Major
Benjamin Kepner, John Kepner, 1790; Conrad Shuey,
1791, a French Huguenot; Christian Brandt, a Mennoniie
1796; Leonard Giouinger, Stephen Doughmau, Samuel
804
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
It will be seen, under the head of Tiirbett
township, that there was a church building at
Church Hill already in 1802. This congrega-
tion received pastoral visits from'E-ev. William
Scriba, and probably others from Carlisle. Rev.
George Heim, coming from Snyder County,
also preached to them for a few years. Rev.
John William Keim preached his first sermon
" in Tuscarora Valley, Rice's Church," on the
26th of June, 1814. (See history Lebanon
Church, in Tyrone township, Perry County, for
biography of Rev. Heim.) He was followed by
Revs. Charles Weil, S. R. Boyer, Jacob Mar-
tin and Levi T. Williams. The charge was
then divided and Rev. P. Willard succeeded at
Mifflintown, and Rev. Peter P. Lane, in the
spring of 1852, became pastor of the Lower and
L^pper Tuscarora, otherwise known as Church
Hill and St. Paul's Churches. He remained
about four years, and was followed by Rev. P.
M. Rightmyer for six years ; Rev. A. R. Smith,
for two years; Rev. Samuel Yingliug, for one
year ; Rev. Thomas C. Pritchard, for three
years. Then came a fourteen-year pastorate of
Rev. H. C. Shindel, followed "by Rev. A. H.
Spangler, the present pastor. The church was
moved to town and the corner-stone of the pres-
ent brick building was laid August 6, 1855.
Rev. Dr. D. H. Biddle preached the sermon in
the Presbyterian Church. It was dedicated
August 5, 1855, the sermon being preached by
Rev. Dr. Benjamin Kurtz. The building is
seventy-five by forty-five feet, with a basement
for Sabbath-school purposes. The auditorium
Kepner, 1797; Jacob Kountz (now Coons), 1798; Petor
Kice. 1799; Valentine Weishaupt, 1800; Philip Saylov,
Jacob Hench (Huguenot), Jobn, Jacob and George Kine,
1801 ; Henry Bice, John SulofF, John 'Weinier, Henry
Ach^ (now Aughey), 1803; Father Zachariah Kice, 1809.
These citations might be very greatly extended, but they
prove that men of other creeds and nationalities were not
far behind the tirst settlers in Tuscarora Valley, and were
not "importations made long since." The lands under
William Penn and his heirs, and under the Commonwealth,
wt-re free and open to all. As those who bought out the
first settlers earned their own money, and paid the price
agreed upon, it is difficult to see in what sense they are
'' importations.*'
The Rices, the two Kepners, Groninger, Weishaupt,
Weimer, Suloif, Saylor and other families were the active
members in the erection and sustaining the church on the
hill.
seats about six hundred j^ersons. The cost of
the church was about five thousand dollars.
The church elders then were Daniel McCon-
nell and Joseph H. Kessler, and the deacons
were George Boyer and Samuel D. Kepner ;
Rev. P. P. Lane was the pastor and Jacob
Speicher the contractor. The parsonage of
the church was built in 1861, during the pas-
torate of Rev. P. M. Rightmyer, and cost about
two thousand three hundred dollars. The lots
on which the church and parsonage stand
were purchased from Joliu Kepner, and the ad-
joining hitching-ground from John Hughes.
The congregation in 1886 has about two hun-
dred and sixty communicants. On December
25, 1854, Chri.stian Hartman and David Kep-
ner, in behalf of Lower Tuscarora, and Jacob
Bushey, in behalf of Upper Tuscarora, released
the interest of those congregations in the Luth-
eran parsonage in Mifflintowu to the congrega-
tions east of the river.
The Methodist Episcopai, Church in
Port Royal is the oldest church building in the
borough. After repeated efforts to get the date
of its organization, we can only guess that it
was built about 1847. It is a substantial brick
building, and the church here constitutes a
pastorate, together with those at Spruce Hill,
Ebenezer and Reed's Gap.
Port Royal Branch Bank. — This bank,
was organized in September, 1867. The late
Joseph Pomeroy was its first president. The
cashiers have been Samuel Buck, T. Van
Irwin, J. H. Irwin, Ma.son Irwin and W. C.
Pomeroy. The Directors are J. Nevin Pom-
eroy, Amos G. Bonsall, Noah Hertzler, L. E.
Atkinson, Philip M. Kepner, W. C. Pomeroy
and Joseph Rothrock. The same board man-
ages the Juniata Valley Bank of Mifflintown.
Tuscarora Lodge (formerly Perrysville
Lodge), of Port Royal, No. 556, I. O. "o. F.,
was organized in 1859. It has thirty-five mem-
bers. They own a hall, built in 1875, which
cost, incl uding the lot, about two thousand dollars.
The Port Royal Times, the only paper ever
published in the west end of the county, was
started in 1876 by John W. Speddy, who has
conducted it successfully ever since. It is neu-
tral in politics and devoted to local news.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
805
Airy View Academy. — In October, 1852,
David Wilson, in connection with David Laiigh-
lin, opened the Airy View Academy at Port
Royal. Mr. Laughlin was elected the first
superintendent of the public schools of Juniata
County. The Airy View Academy has been in
almost continued operation since its organiza-
tion, and is now (1886) conducted by Professor
Wilson, who, as a successful teacher, has ex-
erted a great influence for good on many of
the young men of this as well as of other coun-
ties, who were his pupils.
I. N. Ritner, a citizen of Port Royal, who
was lieutenant in the famous Forty-ninth Penn-
sylvania Volunteers, has since the war entered
the ministry in the Baptist Church and is now
preaching in Philadelphia.
Colonel John Armstrong, in a letter August
20, 1756, gives an account of one of the prison-
ers taken at Fort Granville, named Peter Walk-
er, who " made his escape in the night some-
where about the Alleghany Mountain, and fell
down Juniata to the mouth of Tuscarora, where
my brother George was encamped." Captain
George Armstrong, then encamped at Port
Royal, was on his way to Kittanning. He most
probably went up Licking Creek by the Fort
Granville path. He afterwards owned the farm
just above town.
CHAPTER XIV.
PATTERSON BOROUGH.'
The railroad station in Patterson is scheduled
" Mifflin," and is directly across the river from
Mifflintown. The site of the town of Patterson
is part of a tract warranted to John McClellan
September 8, 1755. It had been surveyed by
John Armstrong, but the papers were burned in
Armstrong's house, in Carlisle, before the sur-
vey was returned to the Land-Office. Hence it
was re-surveyed on December 9, 1765, and had
five hundred and fifteen acres. On June 23,
1795, in consideration of buildings erected by
him, and out of natural love, etc., McClellan
conveyed to his son Joseph the part of this tract
1 By A. L. Guss.
whereon Joseph " now dwells," containing one
hundred and fifty acres, on Juniata Riv<-r, and
bounded south by James Sanderson and north
by Thomas Gallagher. The line ran from the
river, by the street, past the \varehouse, over the
hill towards Licking Creek. Here Jose])li
McClellan lived in a house on the corner be-
low the bridge, and kept a ferry. In 1800 he
sold the tract to Captain Noah Abraham, ot
Path Valley, to whom, and his heirs after
1806, the land and ferry belonged many years.
It was bought by William W. Wilson, and soon
again sold to William H. Patterson, of Mifflin-
to^vn, from whom it was purchased by John
and Christopher Fallon. Previous to the time of
this grant to his son Joseph, John McClellan
conveyed the lower part of the tract to his sou-
in-law, James Sanderson, who built a house
over the spring, opposite Miffiinburg. This
house was washed away by the first " Pumpkin
Flood" in 1810. Sanderson then rebuilt on the
upper corner of his tract, across the way from
McClellan's house. He sold his tract to Ben-
jamin Law. It was purchased by Gallagher &
Parker, and in 1848 it was purchased by Wil-
liam B. Foster, first vice-president of the rail-
road company, and by him afterwards sold to
William W. W^ilson, except a tier of lots.
In 1849 the town was laid out by tlie Messrs.
Fallon. The survey was made by George R.
Mowry. They gave the railroad company all
that part of the fiat on which the shops were
built, and the grounds now used as a yard.
Andrew Parker, Esq., was their agent, and
afterwards he became the owner of the balance of
the unsold Patterson farm and lots. On the
part deeded the railroad company, shops were
built in 1851, and later. A force of seventy-five
men were employed in repairing cars and en-
gines. In 1869 the company removed most of
the machinery of the shops to Altoona, and in
1871 the round-house was taken down, and
there are now but half a dozen men here em-
ployed. The removal of the shops was a great
check upon the prosperity of the town.
Before the building of the railroad there was
an abrupt bluft' along the bank in front of the
station, which was removed, and five good
double houses were built by the company.
806
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The cars began to run as far as Lewistown
September 1, 1849. For some time the freight
and passengers were carried in the same train.
Saml. Laird was the first agent. In 1849 he was
succeeded by James North, who remained until
May, 1884, when lie was succeeded by his son, W.
S. North. The ticket-office was moved in 1855.
The " Patterson House" was built by Messrs.
Fallon & Wright, and they had a contract with
tiie company that two trains daily were to stop
long enough for passengers to take meals. This
^vas done for some years. The hotel was ke])t
bv D. H. Ltisk & Brother till 1854, and by
General William Bell until 1858, after which it
was merely a lunch-room. The company
bought the Patterson House for one thousand
seven hundred dollars in order to get rid of the
contract.
James North furnished poles and assisted iu
putting up the first telegraph line, and in 1850
an office was opened. He had never seen an
instrument before the one was placed in this office
but after some instructions from David Brooks,
now noted in the telegraphic world, he took
charge of the office. Thomas A. Scott, Assist-
ant Secretary of War during the Rebellion,
took from the line of service in the government
David Strouse, of Turbett township, who learned
to handle the geared lightning with North in
that warehouse.
The Adams Express Company established an
office in Patterson iu 1857, with James North
as agent. The office was moved to Mifflintown.
A post-office was established in Patterson, with
James North as postmaster, May 1, 1852 ; and
he held tiie office five years. Since then the
))ostmasters have been James North, F. J.
Mickey, Joseph Pennell, R. F. Parker, Dr. P.
C. Rundio, J. B. M. Todd, Samuel Strayer,
Samuel Brown, W. W. Copeland, Howard
Kirk.
Patterson was incorporated March 17, 1853.
By an act of April 18, 1853, John J. Patterson,
Joseph Middaugh and James North were di-
rected to comply -with the provisions of the in-
corporation act, and to hold an election for
borough officers on the following 3d of May.
Afterwards it was discovered that, the tax on
the act of incorporation not having been paid.
the act itself was inoperative and the organiza-
tion void. On April 13, 1854, an act was
passed to legalize the election and proceedings
under it, as if the incorporation act had been
in full effect. The first assessment was made in
1856. Prior to this year it was assessed as part
of Milford township.
In November, 1884, a fire destroyed the build-
ings on the upper side of Main Street, from the
Patterson house to the ci-oss-street eastward,
and also Todd's corner. The fire originated in
a bakery,when preparations were being made for
an ox-roast over the result of the election.
The Patterson Red Star Hook-and-Ladder
Company was organized April 1, 1880, with
thirty-five members. It got truck, ladders, gum
buckets, hooks and six Babcock fire extin-
guishers. It was chartered under the name
of " Friendship Hook-and-Ladder Company,"
June 10, 1884, and now has fifty members.
They have a house, built in 1882, on which is
the old Mifflintown court-house bell.
First School Board, organized May 23, 1853 :
Jacob Frank, president; John Yeigh, treasurer ;
J. W. Oberholtzer, secretary. School was kept
prior to this in a frame school-house, built by
Milford township, and in it the first borough
school was kept by Hiram Albert, October 1,
1853. In 1861 a brick house was built on lots
bought of Jacob Silvins and John McNulty.
In 1875 a brick school-house was built, with
four rooms. Since the incor])oration of Patter-
son the elections have been held in the jnib-
lic school-house, and here, in 1855, while teach-
ing school, the writer cast his first vote and
acted as a clerk for the election. There were
one hundred and seventy-nine children attend-
ing school in 1884.
The corner-stone of the Patterson Church of
the Evangelical Association was laid July 24,
1874,— dedicated December 13, 1874,— S. M.
Siebert, missionary. It cost twenty-seven hun-
dred dollars. The pastors since have been
Revs. Zachariah Hornberger, G. W. Currin, G.
E. Zehner, C. W. Finkbinder and E. Swengel.
Before the building of the road there were
but two houses at Patterson, — an old tavern-stand
on the river-bank, on the corner of Joseph Mc-
Clellan's tract, and just across the street was the
JUNIATxV COUNTY.
807
house and barn of the Law place. The original
road, which extended from the ferry straight
across the liills, by the warehouse, to Licking
Creek, was abandoned, and the roads forked,
from the ferry, down and up the river, reaching
the present road-beds at some distance outside
of the borough. The warehouse was the first
great improvement, and for a period the centre
of trade aud travel. Here James North start-
ed a store in May, ] 850. The idea was ridiculed
by prominent citizens of Mifflintown, who re-
garded it a visionary project, saying it would
indeed be a splendid place to " keep" store. It
was his own individual enterprise, but the
people called it " the railroad store." His first
purchase of goods was two hundred and fifty
dollars. After eleven years his sales amounted
to seventeen thousand dollars. The next store
was opened by Messrs. Oles & Frank in 1853.
The borough now has three hotels, seven dry-
goods-stores, one hardware-store, one drug-
store, one shoe-store, one tobacco-store, two coal
and lumber-yards.
April 18, 1853, the Patterson, Johnstown,
Pei'u Mills aud Concord Plank-Road Company
was incorporated byR. C. Gallagher, And. Par-
ker, E. S. Doty, W. W. Wilson, John J. Patter-
son, James North, D. H. Lusk, John P. Shitz,
William Miller, Johu S. Miller, Jacob Lemon,
John Brubaker, Samuel Allen, John J. Hart,
Neal McCoy, William Okeson, .Joseph S. Laird,
Samuel Crawford, Stewart McCulloch, William
Johnson, William Elder, Daniel Skinner, Sam-
uel Holliday, Sylvester Doyle, Oliver McCurdy
John Alexander, W. H. Patterson, Joseph
Berry, George Noss, Joseph Slaymaker.
A ferry was a notable feature in early life on
the river. In early days " viewers of ferries "
were among the township officers appointed by
the courts. Alexander LafFerty, who lived
across the river, held this office as early as 1763.
John McClellan kept facilities for crossing the
river at this place from the time of the earliest
settlements. After about 1790 it was kept by
his son Joseph. On March 17, 179(], it was
incorporated undef the name of Harris it ]\Ic-
Clellan and said to be " on the main road lead-
ing from Sunbury to Path Valley." In 1775
the ferry must have been at the Mifflintown
fording, for the Rev. Fithian, coming down
from Lyon's (Sterrett's), crossed directly in front
of the house of John Harris, and the first road
led from this jjoint directly across the hill to
Licking Creek, just where it should have re-
mained. It seems that after Mifflinburg started,
it being then the most important place, the
most of the travel desired passage lower down ;
so McClellan for a time kept his ferry opposite
that now old town. A road-view in the fall of
1795 started "at Mifflintown, opposite John
McClellan's ferry." A road in 1794 is said to
run "from John Lyon's, through the town of
Mifflinburg, by John McClellan's old ferry" —
he having started another ferry half or quarter
of a mile farther up the river than the one at
Taylor's. In 1800 it was bought, along with
the form, by Noah Abraham, who died in 1806,
and the ferry was leased to Samuel Mettlen to
1815, and to .James Love till 1821, and to John
Robinson until it was rendered worthless by the
building of the bridge, but was sub-let to John
Lytic in 1828. and 1829. James Sanderson
had a ferry lower down from 1811-1815 and
Benjamin Law in 1816. In 1822-1824, John
Love again had a ferry lower down tlian that
of Abrahams.
One of the events at this ferry was the up-
setting of the " flat " with a load of grain be-
longing to Jacob Kepner. The front horses
swam out, but the other two were drowned and
the grain was lost. Rev. Jacob Esh grasped
the tail of his horse and by this means landed
safely on shore.
Samuel Mettlen came to ]SIilford in 1806, and
occupied the farm at the ferry at Patterson. His
children were Alexander, Samuel, Thompson,
Thomas, Robert, John, Joseph and Sarah, mar-
ried to William Nesbit. He had a brother
William, who had a son William, and daughters
Jane and Margery. John's son, John T. Met-
tlen, was register aud recorder a few years ago.
Alexander and William were in Rogei-s' com-
pany in the War of 1812-15. They were at
Lake Erie in 1813, where Alexander, then
twenty-three years of age, with Jacob Tool, a
shoemaker of Mifflintown, performed one of
the most memorable feats in our history.
Every intelligent reader is familiar with the
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
victory won by Commodore Perry on Lake Erie,
September 10, 1813. Perry's ship was disabled
and defeat seemed inevitable. All depended on
Perry reaching another vessel. He did reach it,
and gained a victory that has made his name
immortal. Few people know, however, that
this depended on a couple of young men from
the ferry at Mifflintown. Had it not been for
the skill of Alexander Mettlen and Jacob Tool
in handling oars, and their bravery under fire,
there would probably have been no Perry's vic-
toiy. Perry had called for volunteers for his
fleet out of the land forces, and sixteen men re-
sponded from Captain Rogers' company, recruit-
ed in Mifflin County. (iS" early all of the sixteen
were residents of the Juniata end of it.) One
of these was John F. Rice, son of Peter, of Tur-
bett, born in 1790, who died recently at Shiloh,
Shelby County, Ohio. He was said to be the
last survivor of Perry's fleet. When he was
eighty-six years old, having yet a clear mind and
distinct recollection, he gave the following
account :
" I went on board the schooner ' Scorpion,' under
command of Capt. Christian Champlin, from Car-
lisle, Pa. I was in the battle of Lalvc Erie on board
the ' Scorpion '. . . . Commodore Perry was on the
' Lawrence,' and when it was cut to pieces and all
killed but twelve men, I saw the Commodore leaving
it in a row-boat, and going to the ' Niagara.' Jacob
Tool and Alexander Metlan were called from our
boat to take him over. They were called by a sig-
nal from the ' Lawrence ' — they were detailed to
mannage the boat. I saw Commodore Perry get
down into the boat and rowed toward the ' Niagara '
by my two comrades above named. I heard the dis-
charge of the cannon, but did not see the ball strike
his boat, but I saw him jerk off' his coat, stuff it into
the hole the ball made, and then fiy to the oars him-
self, and went in safety to the 'Niagara.' The 'Niagara'
was near by, and I could hear all that was said. Com-
modore Perry asked Captain Elliot why he did not
bring the ' Niagara' into action. Elliot said he was try-
ing to do so, but the wind was against him. The Com-
modore said, 'Captain Elliot, I am afraid the day is
lost.' Then stepped up a Captain Brown, as he was
called, for he had been in Napoleon's .army, and said :
' Commodore, take my advice ; take command of this
vessel yourself, and try and break through the lines,
open fire from both sides of them, and then bring up
your gunboats into action and you'll gain the victory.'
Perry did exactly as Captain Brown advised. . . . The
'Niagara' now sailed directly through the British lines,
and when pretty nearly between the ' Queen Charlotte'
and another vessel, the ' Niagara ' opened from both
sides with fifteen guns on each side of her, doing ter-
rible damage to both. The noise was so terrible you
would think the very earth and water would open.
We had several cannon on each of the gun-boats,
and when weopened fire, we all commenced to fire on
the fleet, and soon the British were compelled to hoist
the white flag. James Simes was the first man who
boarded the ' Queen Charlotte.' He got five hundred
dollars reward."
Mettlen and Tool were in it. Had Mettlen
and Tool not been there, it is more than prob-
able that Perry would never have written his
famous dispatch, " We have met the enemy and
they are ours." Simes, twenty years before
this, lived in Fermanagh. Tool disappears
from the tax-lists after 1816. Poor INIettlen,
after all his bravery, was destined nsver again
to see his Juniata home. After the victory, in
which he played so important a part, he had an
altercation with a man on board the vessel, who
pushed him overboard, and he was drowned in
Lake Erie.
Medals commemorative of the victory on
Lake Erie were struck by the United States
Mint by order of the State of Pennsylvania, for
presentation to such of her citizens as had vol-
unteered to serve on board of the American
squadron on that occasion. The father of Alex-
ander ]\Iettlen got one. It was two and a fourth
inches in diameter. On the obverse it had a
profile of Perry, and the words, "Oliverus
Hazard Perry. Pro patria vincit. Pre,sented by
the Government of Pennsylvania." (^n the
reverse there is the device, "To " (a
blank being left in which the name "Alexander
Mettlen " was engraved), inclosed in a wreath
of laurel. Above it is the legend, " We have
met the enemy, and they are ours. — Perry."
The inscription is, "In testimony of the patriot-
ism and bravery in the naval action on Lake
Erie, September 10, 1813."
CHAPTER XV.
FERMANAGH TOWNSHIP.
The date of organization of this township is
not known. It was not erected in October,
1754, at the time of the formation of the first
JUNIATA COUNTY.
809
townships "tother side of the N. Mountain."
That it was erected soon after the above-men-
tioned date is shown by a deed dated April 20,
1755, given by Captain James Patterson to
William Armstrong. The deed mentioned con-
veyed one hundred and fifty-five acres of land
situated in Fermanagh township, near Juniata
River. The original territory of Fermanagh
township embraced all the new purchase lying
north of the Juniata River. This township
also included that part of Mifflin County lying
south of the river to the Black Log Mountain,
and was part of what is now Snyder County,
embracing Selinsgrove, part of Centre and
Huntingdon Counties. This fact is determined
by the names of persons who were known to be
residents of those parts, as will be shown here-
after.
The Indian troubles of 1756 interfered
with all business in the settlements north of
the mountain until 1762. At the iVIarch term
of court in that year William White wai3 ap-
pointed constable for this township. He re-
sided a short distance above the village of
Mexico, and was killed by the Indians on the
10th of July, 1763. No mention of this
township organization is found in the court
records, but on and after 1762 it was officially
recognized. In 176-3, the following-named
persons were appointed officers of Fermanagh :
Arthur Moody, constable ; John Nicholson
and Samuel Mitchell, supervisors ; Andrew Mc-
Keener and George Hays, overseers of the
poor ; Alexander Lafferty and James Galla-
gher, viewers of ferries; and George Hays,
collector.
Taxables of 1763. — In this year the first
assessment of the township was taken, a copy of
which is here given, —
Acres.
" Armstrong, George, Col 200
Armstrong, William 200
Armstrong, John 200
Armstrong, Alexander 100
Brightroch, Robert 100
Bringham, Alexander 200
Brown, Charles 300
Buchanan, William 200
Burdge, Moses 100
Curran, William 300
Calhooen, Robert, free 200
Acres.
Chambers, Thomas W)
Crampton, James 100
Duglis, Andrew 200
English, James 50
Foughts, John GOO
Greenwood, Joseph -500
Gallagher, James 100
Gabr.aiel, George 200
Guthrey, Robert 200
Henderson, William 200
Hutr, John .50
Huff, Lawrence 100
Hunter, Samuel 300
Hayes, George 100
Long, Andrew 100
Laferty, Alexander 200
McKee, Thomas 400
McCalester, Hugh, Jr 100
McBride, John 100
McLevy, William 100
McClure, Andrew 200
McCormick, Hugh 400
Mitchell, Samuel 100
Montgomery, John 100
Man, Stufell 100
Nickson, John 100
Nickle, William 100
Neilson, Robert 160
Patterson, James 400
Reed, Azariah, Sr 100
Reed, Azariah, Jr 100
Reed, John 100
Rodman, William 300
Sturgeon, John 100
Suagert, Frederick 100
Stewart, William 300
Stanford, Jacob 300
Storns, Jean, Widow 400
Wert, Francis, Esq 400
White, William 200"
There were seven thousand three hundred
and sixty acres warranted and four hundre<l
acres patented, which last was to James Patter-
son, who resided at the site of the town of
Mexico. The locations of some of these lands
will be interesting, — The Armstrongs, at and
near !McAlisterville ; William Buchanan, near
Jericho; James Crampton, below Mexico;
William Curran, near Cedar Spring ; An-
drew Douglas, near Jericho; John Foughts
(Pfoutz) and Joseph Greenwood, in Pfoutz
Valley and below in Perry County ; George
Gabriel resided on the site of Selinsgrove, Sny-
der County ; Samuel Hunter then owned the
810
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
site of Thompsonville, in Juniata County, and
Marysville, Perry County ; Alexander Latferty,
tiie site of Mifflintown ; Thomas McKee owned
land on both sides of the mouth of Mahantango
Creek ; Hugh McCalester, Jr., where AVashing-
ton McAlester now lives; Hugli McCorraick,
where Enoch Horning now resides ; Samuel
Mitchell, firm now owned by Benjamin Shellen-
barger, Fayette township ; Stuffel Man (Stopliel
Monce), in Greenwood township in 17G8, and
was the first collector ; Robert Neilson,on Cedar
Spring Ridge ; James Patterson, Mexico ; the
Reeds, the adjoining tract up the river from
Mifflintown ; William White, adjoining James
Patterson and above ]\Iexico.
In 1764—6 the settlers were again driven out
and in 1766 they returned. An assessment was
taken in 1767 which contained names of settlers
who lived in what is now Mifflin County, of
whom were the Crisswells, Hollidays, Brattons,
Carmichaels, Holts, Lyons, McKinstrys, Mar-
tins, Samuels, Stewarts, Swifts and Wakefields ;
and in what is now Huntingdon Couuty was
Dr. William Smith, Captain William Trent
and John Gamble. These names disappear the
next year, 1768, and re-appear in Derry, now
Mifflin County, and in Barre, Huntingdon
County.
The following are tlie names of land-owners
in the tax-list of 1767, with number of acres,
horses, cows and cleared land, including those
published in the list of 1768 for Derry town-
ship, Mifflin County :
" Armstrong, William, 5fla, 7ac, 21i, 2c.
Armstrong, John, 200a, 5ac.
Armstrong, Alexander, 50a, Sac, 2h, 2c.
Armstrong, James, 50a, 4ac, Ih, Ic.
Barton, Rev. Thomas, 400 patented, uns.
Brown, John, 200a, 3ac, Ih.
Carson, Adam, KlOa, lOac, 3h, Ic.
Clark, William, 50a, 5ac, 2h, Ic.
Coons, Adam, 200a, lOac, 3h, Ic.
Cheney, Ezekiel, 100a, Sac, Ih.
Crawford, Robert, 50a, Sac, Ic.
Croghan, Charles, 100a, lac, 3h, 2c.
Cowan, James, 200a, SOac, 2h, Ic.
Crampton, James, lOOa, 5ac, Ic.
Cyle, James, lOOa, lOac, 2h, 2c.
Cocks, Charles, 3700a, uns.
CoUender, Robert, 600a, uns.
Chew, Benjamin, 1000a, uns.
Diiffield, George, 1700a, uns.
Davis, William, 2c.
Douglas, Andrew, 100a, lOac, 2h, 2c.
Dickey, James, 150a, 5ae.
Evans, Thomas, 100a, 6ac, 2h, Ic.
Gamble, John, 100a, 7ac, Ih, Ic, 1 negro.
Gibson, James, 100a, Sac, 2h, 2c.
Gallagher, James, 100a, lOac, 2h, 2c.
Hall, Thomas, 50a, 2ac, Ih.
Hamilton, William, 100a, 2h.
Hamilton, Widow, 100a, 15ac, 2h, Sc.
Hays, George, 100a, 15ac, 2h, Ic.
Henderson, William, 500a, SOac, 2h, 3c.
Jones, Daniel, 400a, uns.
Jones, Daniel, 150a, 20ac, 2h, 2c.
Johnston, Edward, 50a, Sac, 2h, 2c.
Kearsley, Jonathan, 150a pat, uns, Sac.
Lackens (Lukens), John, 100a, lOac, 2h, 2c, 1 negro.
Lowrey, Alexander, SOOa, uns.
Lyon, William, 50a, uns.
McClay. William, SOOa, 20ac, 100a, uns.
McCalester, Hugh, 100a, 40e, 2h, Ic.
McCalester, William, free, 100a, 4ac.
McCartney, John, 100a, lOac, Ih, Ic.
McCartney, William, lOOa, 20ac, 3h, Ic.
McCartney, John, 2b, 2c.
McCormick, Hugh, 100a, 20ac, Sh, 2c.
McDaniel, Duncan, 100a, 6ac, Ih, Ic.
McDaniel, John, 100a, Sac, Ih.
McElhatton, William, 100a, Sac, Ih, Ic.
McKe.aver, John, 100a, 5ac, 2h, Ic.
McMullin, .50a, Sac, Ih, Ic.
Martin, William, 100a, Sac, 2h, 2c.
Minner, Isaac, Ih, Ic.
Minner, Ezekiel, Ih, Ic.
Mitchell, John, Ih, Ic.
Mitchell, Samuel, 100a, 15ac, Ih, 2c.
Mitcheltree, James, 100a, 6ac, 2h, Ic.
Neilson, Robert, 200a, Sac.
Purdy, James, 100a, 2h, Ic.
Patterson, Captain James, 500a pat, 15ac, Sh, 4c,
4 negroes, 1 grist-mill and 1 saw-mill.
Patterson, William, 50a, 1 saw-mill.
Peters, Rev. Richard, 900a, uns.
Ross, William, 200a, lOac, 2h, 2c.
Reed, John, 100a, 108ac, 2h, 2c.
Rodman, William, 100a, 15ac, 3h, 3c.
Riddle, William, 50a, Sac, Ih, Ic.
Smith, Dr. William, 1300a, uns.
Stephens, John, 200a, uns.
Starns, Widow, 200a, ISac, 2h, 2c.
Stewart, William, 50a, 2ac, Ih, Ic.
Sherran, William, 100a, Sac, 2h, Ic.
Sherran, Hugh, 100a, 2ac, Ih, Ic.
Smith, John and Buchanan, William, 400a, uns.
Trent, Captain William, 600a, uns.
Wright, David, 100a, Sac, 2h, Ic.
Wright, Joseph, 100a, lOac, 2h, 2c.
Wharton & Boynton, 600a, uns.
West, Francis, Cedar Springs, 100a, Sac.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
811
West, Francis, above ye narrows, 100a, 5ac.
West, Francis, 100a.
Wallace, William, in Mr. Tea's dist., 1800a, uns.
Wallace, Samuel, in Mr. Tea's dist., 7200a, uns."
At the March term of court, 1767, James
Purdy, living near now Jericho, was appointed
constable, and also at the July term of court
following.
At the July term, 1767, the boundaries of
Fermanagh were described as follows :
" Beginning at the moutli Cockalumus Creek, up the
North side of Juniata and to terminate at the middle
of the Long Narrows; thence (along the mountain)to
the heads of Cockalumus Creek ; thence down the said
Creek to the place of beginning."
It will be noticed the territory embraced in
the above comprises all the present townships
of Fermanagh, Fayette, Walker, Delaware,
Monroe, the north parts of Greenwood and
Su-squehanna townships, in Juniata County, and
that part of Greenwood township, in Perry
County, that lies east of the Juniata River and
north of Cocalamus Creek, including the site
of Millerstown.
Its territory remained unchanged until 1789,
when Mifflin County was erected, and Ferman-
agh became one of the townships in that county,
losing that part of the territory that now lies in
Perry County which was attached to Green-
wood township, in Cumberland County.
At the June term, 1791, a petition was pre-
sented asking that the portion of Fermanagh
east of a line running from the mouth of Dela-
ware Run near Thompsontown, northwest to
the Shade ^Mountain, be annexed to Greenwood
township. The rej^ort of viewers was confirmed.
The boundary line was not definitely run until
November, 1795, when James Nelson was
ordered to survey and locate the line.
This annexed all of JNIonroe and parts of
Fayette, Delaware, Susquehanna and Green-
wood to Greenwood township.
At the same term of court a petition from
citizens of ^Milford was presented, asking that a
.strip of land " lying below Widow Bonner's
plantation and extending along the Juniata
River to the Cumberland County line, be an-
nexed to Fermanagh." The viewer's report was
confirmed, and the territory was annexed, which
is now tho.se parts of Walker and Delaware
townshij)s lying south of the Juniata River.
W^alker township wsis erected from Ferma-
nagh in 1823. Fayette township was formed
from part of Fermanagh and Greenwood in
March, 1834, since which time the area of Fer-
managh has remained unclianged. Lost Creek
passes through the township westerly, and enters
the Juniata at Cuba Mills. The north, middle
and .south forks of this .stream unite near Jeri-
cho on the eastern limit of the township.
The early settlers in the territory now Fer-
managh were Alexander Lafferty, Thomas Me-
Cormick, James Purdy and James Sharon.
These men were the first to settle in the limits
of the present township, in 17-55, an account of
which will be found hereafter. The settlers
were driven out several times, from 1763, and
were much troubled by Indians as late as
1780."
^ '^Copy of an agreemeni relative to proteeting iht fTontier, tlfr.
"May 21, 1780.
" Terms proposed to the freemen of this company for
granting some assistance to our frontier, as follows, viz :
That four men be raised immediately, and paid by tliis
company, in grain, or the value thereof, at three pound,
old way, per month, during the time they shall be in actual
service, and also provisions. The time they shall engage to
serve, one month, and the method for paying the men afore-
said shall be by levying a propoi'tiouabl,^ tax on all and
singular the taxable property of each person residing with-
in the bounds of Captain Minteer's company; and if any
person shall so far forget his duty as to refuse complying
with his brethren in the aforesaid necessary pr6pos.%ls, he
shall be deemed an enemy to his country, and be debarred
from the privileges of a subject of this State by being ex-
cluded the benefit of all tradesmen working for him, such
as millers, smiths, &c.'*
" ' We, the subscribers, do approve of the above proposals,
and bind ourselves by these presents to the performance of
and compliance with the same. In witness wheieof we.
have hereunto set our hands this 21st day of JIay. 1T80.
N. B.— Wheat to be 51, Kye and Corn 31 per bushel. We
also agree that Captain .Minteer's company shall meet on
Wednesd.-iy next, at William Sharon's.
" ' Wm. McCoy, Jas Taylor, Saml. Sharon, Epenitus Hart,
.Tohn Watson, Christian Lintner, .John Narrows Riddle. Rob-
ert McDowell, Thomas Wiley, James Banks. James Patter-
son, David Nelson, Robert Carnagan, John McCartney, Wil-
liam Martin, William Harris, William Cunningham, James
Dickey, William Wright, William Brown, William McAlis-
ter. Hugh McCorm>ck, James .Vrmstrong, John Henderson,
James Nelson, William Canahan. George Moore. James
Harris, Hugh Sharon, James Patterson, William Str. tch.
William Stewart, Jr., Alexander Armstrong, Andrew Doug-
812
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Taxable Industries.' — The tax-lists of
Fermanagh township from 1763 to 1831 show
assessments on the following, in addition to
lands and stock. Those that fell into Walker
in 1823 are marked " W." The line between
Fermanagh and Greenwood, after 1791, ran
through Thompsontown and McAlisterville :
GRIST-MILLS.
Aldricks, James, 1799-1813.
Anderson, Enoch, 1786-88.
Banks, James, Jr., 1817-28.
Brown, John, 1794.
Burns, Robert, 1817-22.
Byers, John, 1791.
Byers, Martin (2), 1808-19.
Campbell, John, 1807-13.
Cookson, William, 1790, '91, '95, 1802-3.
Carran, Samuel, 1786-93.
Custer, Richard, 1783.
Gustin, Amos, 1831.
Horning, Elias, 1803.
Horning, Lewis, 1804-31.
Kepner, John, Sr., 1771-82.
Lintner, Conrad, 1796-1803.
Myers, Christian, 1822-31.
Myers, Samuel, 1802, 1820-21.
Ogden, Isaac, 1782-83.
Patterson, George, 1785-1809.
Patterson, James, 1768-71.
Patterson, Widow (James), 1772-84.
Purdy, James, 1770-79.
Purdy, John, 1780-93.
Rodfrhong, Frederick, 1805-7.
las, Andrew Nelson, John Gill, George Green, Charles Blain,
David Walker, James Purdy, Robert Nelson, .James Mc-
Ilvaine, Thomas Howard, Hugh McAlister, Matthew Stull,
Thomas McElroy, Henry Matson, William Wiley, Thomas
Pole, Hugh McElroy, Samuel Mitchell, John Purdy, Anth-
ony Trimmer, William Upton, James Smith, John Hender-
son, William Henderson.
" 'To receive the grain, o'' shoes, or shirting for the march-
ing party, John Purdy, at his mill ; Robert Nelson, at his
house; Hugh McAlister, at his house; William Mcilister,
at his house.'
" An agreement made by the under-named persons, viz.,
' That we will serve as military volunteers along the fron-
tier, forthesp.ace of one month, commencing from Monday
29th insi,.; to meet at David Nelson's on said day, and to
march from thence. Given under our hands, the 24th day
of May, 1780.
" James Taylor,
" James Harris,
" Epenitus Hart,
" Thomas Wiley,
'' James Pukdy,
" James Armstrong.''
• Compiled by A. L. Guss.
Shade, George, 1774.
Shade Sebastian, 1778-89.
Shape, John, 1787.
Smith, John, 1785-90.
Sturgeon, Peter, 1794-99.
Thompson, Isaac, 1732-83.
Thompson, James and Samuel, W., 1814-31.
Thompson, William, 1785-1813; Thompsontown,
1809-13, Mexico.
Thompson, William and Robert, 1814r-31.
Thompson, William and Robert, W., 1823-31.
Wagoner, John, 1795-97.
Watson, John, 1794r-1809.
Whiteside, Thomas, 1828-31.
Woods, David, 1810.
FULLING-MILLS.
Anderson, Joseph, 1787.
Evans, Evan, 1823-28.
Human, Andrew, 1814-22.
Matson, Joseph, 1817-19.
Patterson, George, 1785-1809.
Patterson, James, 1782-91.
Roberts, Lewis M., 1827-31.
Smith, William, 1795-1802.
Thompson, James and Samuel, W., 1814-31.
Thompson, William, 1809-13.
Wiley, Samuel Jr., 180.5-13.
CARDIXG-MACHINES.
Adams, John & Jacob, W., 1826.
Beale, John, 1825.
Custard, Samuel's, heirs, W., 1823.
Horning, Elias, 1826-28.
Horning, Jacob, 1824-25.
Thompson, William (3), 1813.
Wiley, Samuel, Jr., 1813.
CLOVEE-MILL.
Whiteside, Thomas, 1813.
OIL-MILL.
Kinzer, Jacob, Sr., 1796, '99, 1802.
TILT-HAMMER.
Horning, Lewis, 1809-19.
STORES AND MERCHANTS.
Banks, Ephraim, 1812-14.
Bell, William, 1811-12.
Bryson, Samuel, 1785.
Christy, Jacob, 1829.
Cochran & Co., 1811.
Cooper, Robert, 1797-99.
Cooper & Davidson, 1796.
Cummings, Joseph, 1824.
Dealy, James, 1808-11.
Elder, John, 1829-31.
Gallagher, Robert, 1821.
Gallagher, Thomas H., 1812-14.
Gingrich, John, 1830.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
813
(Justin, Amos, 1820-24.
Haraan, John, 1809.
Ueim, Samuel, W., 1829-30.
Hoover, Frederick, 1829.
Irwin George, 1803-4.
Jamison, Jolin, 1790.
Knox, James, 1798-1820.
Knox, James & Gallagher, 1813.
Law, Benjamin, 1802-24.
Law, James, 1824.
Lintner, Conrad, 1797.
Martin, William, 1796.
Milnor, George A., W., 1828-29.
Monahan, Michael, 1795.
Moore & Rowan, 1799.
McAlister, Hugh, Jr., 1817-21.
McCormick, David, 181.5.
McCormick, George, 1793.
McDonald, Bernard, 1808.
McDougal, Robert, 1797.
McElroy, Thomas, 1782.
Ramsey, Mauassa, 1802-3.
Loynoids, David, 1804.'
Reynolds, David & Levi, 1803.
Rice, Samuel, W., 1831.
Rowan, Stuart, 1799.
Taylor, James, 1812-13.
Thompson, James & Samuel, 1814-23.
Thompson, James, W., 182.5-30.
Thompson, Robert, W., 1811-28.
Thompson, Samuel, 1822.
Thompson, William, 1801-13; (2), 1812.
Thompson, William & Robert, W., 1814-2;
Turner, William & John, 1817-19.
Wallace, John, W., 1828-30.
Watson, John, 1796.
Weimer, John, 1824.
Wilson, Hugh, 1829.
Wilson, Hugh & Co., 1830.
Wood, John, 1826.
Zeigler, Jacob, 1814-20.
Zeigler, Jacob & Co., 1811.
DISTILLERIES.
Alexander, James, 1793-94.
Andrews, Robert, 1799-1800.
Aitkins, James, 1795.
Banks, James, Jr., 1790-96.
Beale, Peter, 1794-95.
Beale, Philip, 179.3-95.
Beavis, Issacher, 1782-88.
Bohr, Michael, W., 1823-25.
Brooks, James, 1793-94.
Bryson, Samuel, 1791-96.
Burrows, Philip, 1805-10.
Cliftman, Yost, 1811-13.
Cookson, Joseph, 1783.
Cunningham, William, 1786-96.
Curran, Samuel, 1780.
Curran, William, 1826-28.
Davis, Tristram, 1782.
Doerst, Zachariah, W., 1808-12.
Elder, John, 1828.
Finlay, John, 1793.
Fry, Gabriel, 1779-83.
Graybill, Harman, W., 1826, '27.
Graybill, Peter, W., 1828-30.
Greenwalt, Lewis, 1829.
Gustin, Amos, 1824-28.
Hart, Epenetus, 1786-88.
Holman, John & Michael, 1805-7.
Horning, Elia.s, 18J 1-28.
Horning, Jacob, 1824-25.
Huntsbarger, Peter, 1820.
Irwin, Christopher, 1796, 1802-3.
Irwin, Gawen, 1797.
Lapp, David, 1818.
Laughbaugh, Lewis, 1802-3.
Lauver, John, 1805.
Linsey, Jeremiah, 1804.
Linter, Conrad, 180.5-7.
Miller, David, 1781-83.
Miller, John, 1816-18.
Mitcheltree, James, 1780-83.
Monahan, James, 1809, '11,
Mullin, Joseph, 1782, '83.
McCay, William, 1826.
McCafferty, Charles. 1800.
McClure, John, 1783-85.
McCormick, Hugh, 1789-96.
McCormick, Robert, 1780.
McLaughlin, John, 1800.
Neilson, Robert, 1780-87.
Ort, Conrad, 1823-28.
Patterson, James (2), 1791.
Riddle, John, Sr., 1802-10.
Shade, Sebastian, 1783.
Shardel, Daniel, 1811-13.
Smalley, Benjamin, 1780-81.
Stretch, William, 1785-88.
Swagerty, Frederick, 1780.
Thompson, William (2), 1809-13.
Thompson, William & Robert, W., 1814, 1823-31.
Walker, David, 1788-94; (2), 1795-96.
A\'arren, Walter, 1822-24.
Watson, John, 1793-1807; (2), 1794-96.
Watt, Hugh (2), 1808-11.
White, John, 1781-83.
Wright, John, 1812-14.
Wright, John, Jr., 1812.
Yocum, Charles, 1809.
Yocum, John (2), 1809, '10; (1), 1811-22.
Zook, Jacob, 1811.
Zook, John, Sr., (2), 1810.
Zook, Johu, 1811-13.
SAW-MILLS.
Adams, John and Jacob, W., 1816-21.
814
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Anderson, John, 1817-31.
Anderson, Joseph, 1787.
Banks, James, Jr., 1817-28.
Boady, Isaac, 1820-25.
Brown, John, 1794.
Byers, Martin, 1808-19.
Watson, John, 1793-1809.
Walker, David, W., 1827-28.
Whiteside, Thomas, 1828-31.
Woods, David, 1810.
Wright, Azariah, 1811-22.
Yost, Isaac, 1796-1820.
Curran, William, 1825-31.
Curran, Widow, or Samuel's heirs, 1820.
Custard, Eichard, 1783.
Custard, Samuel, W., 1820-23.
CUTLER-SHOPS.
Horning, Lewis, 1806-29.
Turner, Isaac, cutler, 1816-20.
George, Stephen, 1826-28.
TANNERIES AND TANNERS.
Gustin, Amos, 1831.
Anderson, Alexander, 1812.
Hamilton, John, 1776-93.
Carnahan, William, 1782.
Haughawout, John, 1830-31.
Henderson, James, 1796-99.
Henderson, John, Jr., 1796-1803.
Hoflman, Adam, 1830.
Coyle, William, W., 1823.
Doty, Amos, 1802, '03, '17, '26.
Doty, William, 1820-25.
Elder, David, 1820-31.
Horning, Eli as, 1805-28.
Horning, Jacob, 1830-31.
Jordan, David, 1795, '96, '99.
Hardy, Hugh, 1817.
Hardy, John, Jr., 1791-94.
Heim, Samuel, W,, 1828.
Jordan, Thomas, 1779-91.
Hoffman, John, 1830.
Kepner, John, Sr., 1771-82.
Lapp, David and Hunsberger, 1813.
Hurl, John, 1826-28. .
Jackson, Alexander, 1795-96.
Lintner, Conrad, 1796-1803.
Jacobs, Jesse, 1811-31.
Luicens, Abraham, Sr., 1776-99.
Johnson, Thomas, 1811.
Lukens, Abraham, Jr., 1796-1812.
Jordan, Francis, W., 1812-31.
Martin, John, 1830.
MagiU, William, 1800-06.
Mathers, Joseph, 1816-22.
Moore, John, W., 1817-28.
Moore, John, 1794, 1810, '18.
Moore, Robert, 1822.
Moore, Robert and William, W., 1829-31.
Moore, Robert & William, W., 1829-
-31.
Myers, Christian, 1822-31.
McAlister, Hugh, Jr., 1823-28.
Myers, John, 1805-19.
McAlister, Hugh, Jr., 1830-31.
Myers, Samuel, 1820.
McElroy, Hugh, 1811-19.
McMeen, Joseph, W., 1823-26.
McMeen, Robert, 1820-22.
McElroy, Alexander, 1809.
Nieman, John, 1824.
North, John, 1825.
Robison, John, 1796.
Ogden, Isaac, 1782-83.
Rumbaugh, Matthias, W., 1811-25.
Patterson, George, 1785-1809.
Sanderson, Alexander, 1811-19.
Patterson, James, 1781-91.
Sanderson, James, 1808-9.
Patterson, William, 1767-73.
Sanderson, William, 1811.
Pennebaker, William, 1811-30.
Walker, Samuel, 1804.
Purdy, James, 1776-78.
Wright, Jacob, 1796-1822.
Riddle, John, Sr., 1818-22.
Riddle, John and Samuel, W., 1823-24.
Rodlrhong, Frederick, 180.5-7.
Shade, Sebastian, 1778-89.
Shupe, John, 1787.
Smalley, Lewis, 1794-95.
Smith, John, 1785-90.
Wright, John, 1823-31.
INNS OR TAVERNS.
Aitkins, James, 1807-12.
Banks, Ephraim, 1817.
Beale, John, 1831.
Blair, John, W., 1823-31.
Smith, William, 1803.
Thompson, Isaac, 1781-83.
Thompson, James and Samuel, W., 1817-31.
Thompson, John, W., 1817-24.
Thompson, Robert, 1785-86.
Thompson. William, 1790-1813.
Thompson, William & Robert, 1814-22.
Thompson, William & Robert, W., 1823-31.
Vines, Samuel, 1814.
Wagoner, John, 1795-97.
Blair, Swan, 1820.
Blair, John S., W., 1825-31.
Burr, Henry H., 1825.
Cottle, Mary, 1814.
Davidson, David, 1796, 1808-11.
Davidson, John, 1809.
Dougherty, Daniel, 1828-29.
Dougherty, John, 1830.
Eyer, Jacob, 1828-31.
Fctterman, Joseph, 1811, '12, '20.
JUxVIATA COUNTY.
816
Foncannoii, Michael, 1811-12.
Freeborn, John B., 1820.
GaUagher, Thomas, 1796-97.
Gannon, John, 1829.
Horrell, Christopher, 1808.
Jackson, Alexander, 1796.
Jamison, John & Gallaher, 1826.
Johnson, Adam, W., 1826-31.
Jordan, David, 1796.
Kiusloe, Francis, 1822-27.
Lauver, Michael, Sr., 1826.
Linsey, Jeremiah, 1808.
Love, William, 1826, '28.
M.agill, Sarah, 1828.
Miller, John, 1815.
Murphy, Francis, 1828.
McAlister, Hugh, Jr., 1830.
McAlister, John E., Jr., 1829-30.
McCrum, Joseph, 1820-25.
McDonald, James, 1814.
Neilson, Robert, 1796.
Osburn, Thomas, 1829-30.
Patton, Robert, 1815.
Porter, Jiimes, 1831.
Ramsey, John, 1826-27.
Reynolds, David, 1808.
Rodeback, Daniel, 1814.
Rowland, Thomas, 1827.
Sanderson, James, 1808.
Showers, Adam J., 1826.
Shull, Henry, 1829.
Spangler, Henry & Martha, W., 1826-31.
Stouffer, John, \V., 1820-31.
Walker, John, 1814-15.
Watson, John, 1796.
Wertz, Adam, 1826-31.
Wise, Jacob, Sr., 1820, '22.
Zeigler, Jacob, 1820, '22.
FERRY.
Abraham, Noah, heirs, 1818-31.
Harris, William, 1796, 1802-3.
Jordan, David, 1792.
Kreider, Tobias, Sr., 1816.
Miller, David, W., 1817-31.
SHAD FISHERY.
Stuart, Widow William, 1799.
In 1793 John Brown had added to liis grist-
mill a saw-mill ; Thomas Henry owned a tan-
yard. George Patterson, near Mexico, in 1 794,
near his grist and saw-mill, built a fulling-mill.
Peter Sturgeon owned the Purdy grist-mill.
In 1815 Daniel Kreider and Christian Acker
were coverlet weavers, and dissolved partnership
January 1, 1816. Acker continued the busi-
ness.
In 1813 Joiin Riddle had a wagon-shop
and Samuel Belford a blacksmith-shop between
Mifflintown and Mexico. James Riddle wa.s a
wagon-maker in 1 790. The family had former-
ly lived in the Narrows.
Jes.se Jacobs in 1813 was a tanner and con-
tinued after 1824.
Early Settlers — One of the early
warrantees to land in Fermanagh was
James Sharon, who received his warrant of
two hundred and sixty-eight acres of land
on the north fork of Lost Creek, Sep-
tember 8, 1765. He conveyed all of this tract
to his son Hugh, November 24, 1784. He
also took up other tracts of land, one of which
was on an order of survey No. 846, dated
August 20, 1766. These lands came to his
sous, Hugh and William Sharon ; they were ad-
joining lands of John Hamilton, Samuel Bry-
son. Christian and Conrad Lintner, James
Banks, Peter Beale and George ^loore. .On
the 22d of March, 1788, William and Hugh
sold the last tract to James Banks, except a
moiety to William Sharon, and years later, when
James Banks presented his application for a
patent, he was informed his title was not good,
and May 30, 1793, he conveyed this moiety,
four acres in full, to William Sharon and
received his patent.
On the 28th of December, 1785, Hugh Sha-
ron and Abraham Sheridan took out a warrant
for one hundred and forty-three acres. This
was later patented as Hugh Sharon's " New
Survey." Hugh Sharon sold it to John Mc-
Clure November 19, 1793, and later it was
owned by David Jordan. Hugh Sharon also
sold two hundred acres of land June 28, 1793, to
Thomas Sturgeon, of Middle Paxtang, Dauphin
County. ^A'illiam Sharon sold, April 28, 1791,
one hundred and fifty-one acres of land to John
Dunlap and William Thompson, and August
22, 1794, one hundred and fifty-two acres to
William Thompson, and soon after sixteen acres
to William Banks, and June 17, 1793, a tract
to Peter Sturgeon, on which there was a grist-
mill. These lands are all on Lost Creek, between
Jericho and Cuba Mills and vicinity.
It was at the house of William Sharon the
men of this localitv met in 1776 when the cav-
816
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
airy company that went out under Captain
John Hamilton was raised. John Hamilton
was chairman of the meeting and Hugh Mc-
Alister was the first to enlist.
It was also at the house of William Sharon
the frontiersmen met in 1780. He lived near
the line of Fa3'ette and Fermanagh townships,
and near the land of Andrew Bashore. His
daughter Jane was the mother of Dr. James
Frow. The lands of this once jirominent fam-
ily were sold.
James Purdy was one of the early settlers to
locate land in this settlement, and came about
the same time as Captain James Patterson.
His first tract of land was located at Jericho
September 6, 1755. He warranted lands in
1762, and later acquired other lands by pur-
chase. The tract warranted in 1762 he sold,
January 26, 1791, to John Elliot. He bought
a tract of one hundred acres of Francis West
(warranted July 9, 1755), which he sold to
James Smith August 21, 1777. He also pur-
chased, November 5, 1799, a tract of land on
Lost Creek Ridge, which Denman Beavis took
up on order of survey No. 5117, July 20,1768,
and sold to his son Issachar Beavis.
John Purdy, the oldest son of James, obtained
a tract of land on an order of survey No. 4461,
October 6, 1767, which later he sold to John
Watson, who patented it January 4, 1786^. John
Purdy also warranted a tract of land January
20, 1787, and also purchased a tract of Henry
Drinker, a merchant of Philadelphia. He sold
])art of this last tract February 19, 1791, to
Michael McCrum, and on June 17, 1793, to
Peter Sturgeon, of Paxton township, one hun-
dred and one acres, on which he had erected a
grist-mill. A song, written over ninety years ago,
entitled "General Arthur St. Clair's Defeat,"
November 4, 1791, contains many allusions to
])articipators in the battle. Tlie twenty-ninth
and thirtieth verses allude to Hugh and William
Purdy, sons of James Purdy, who ^^■ere killed
in that battle. The author of the poem was
Major Eli Lewis, founder of the town of Lew-
isbei'ry, York county. Pa., publisher of the first
]iaper ever printed at Harrisburg, and father of
Ellis Lewis, late judge of Supreme Court of
Pennsylvania.
The Purdys and young Anderson,
Whose names should be revered,
They fought like brave heroes,
But death was their reward.
Full twenty paces in the front
Of their men they did go;
The enemy soon spied them out,
Which proved their overthrow.
Young Anderson, here mentioned, M'as of this
county — whether of the family who then lived
near Jericho or near Waterford is aot known.
John Purdy purchased, November 2, 1792,
four hundred and sixty-five acres of land of
William Buchanan and John Smith, merchants,
of Philadelphia, which they warranted April
10, 1755; they also had warranted, adjoining,
four hundred and ninety-eight acres on Febru-
ary 3, 1755.
The John Purdy Mill, that in 1793 passed to
Peter Sturgeon, canie again to the Purdys, and
in 1829 was sold to Amos Gustine, who erected
a larger mill. The ruins of the old mill, now a
shapeless'pile of stone, are still to be seen north-
east of the Jericho dam. The present mill is
now owned by the Cowenhovers.
AVilliam Purdy, a son of James, and brother
of John, took out a warrant for land in the vi-
cinity of his brother December 30, 1785.
The land the Purdys took up and purchased
has all passed to others long since.
James Purdy built a grist-mill upon his farm
in 1770, which he continued until 1779, M'hen
it would appear to be continued by John Purdy,
as he was assessed upon a grist-mill from 1780
to 1793, at which time he sold to Peter Stur-
geon a tract of land containing a grist-mill.
The children of James Purdy Avere John,
William, Hugh and Robert, Elizabeth and
Jane. John married Nancy, a daughter of
Thomas Wilson. Of their children, Mary
married David Reynolds ; Martha became the
wife of Robert Nelson and moved to Ohio,
where Caroline, a daughter, became the wife of
Governor John Brough, and Margaret, the wife
of Dr. .James McConnell.
Elizabeth, a daughter of John, married a
Huston and moved West ; Nancy married a
Mayberry and settled in Tennessee. Sallv re-
sided in the neighborhcod of the old homestead
JUNIATA COUNTV.
817
and lived to an advanced age, and died a few
years since. Slie was the last of the family.
William and Hugh, sons of James, wen; killed
at St. Clair's defeat in 1791. l\()l)ert was an
officer in the War of 1812.
AVMliiam Huston, March 1, 1755, soon after
the Xew Purciiase was open for settlement, took
up a tract of land containing one hundred and
eighty acres of land, and embracing Cedar
Spring Ridge, which, before 1763, he sold to
Robert Nelson, who came to this country from
Derry County, Ireland, about 1 750, and settled
first near Anderson's Ferry, on the Sus(|ne-
hanua. He purchased the tract of William
Huston, married and settled upon the place. It
was adjoining the glebe lands of the Cedar
Spring congregation, of which he and his famil}'
were members. On February 10, 1768, he ob-
tained, on order of survey, one hundred and sixty-
four acres of land adjoining. His wife, Martha,
died July 26, 1794, about sixty-three years of age,
and was buried in Cedar Spring grave-yard.
He resided in the neighliorhood until about
1800, when he removed with Iiis sons to Ohio,
where they settled upon lands upon which the
city of Columbus is partly built. He died
at Bowling Green, Ky., about 1804—5, aged
eighty-five years, when on a visit to his son
John.
The house of Robert Nelson, during the Rev-
olution and the troublous times that i)receded and
followed it, was a rendezvous for all patriotic men
in this section. He raised money to pay the sol-
diers from his private resources. Tliis devotion to
the cause and his great zeal, placed him in great
financial straits, that eventually caused the
sale of the Cedar Springs farm. His sous and
friends endeavored to save it, but the burden
was too great, and it was finally sold. The
first sale was March, 1790, to Samuel E. Greer,
and October 1, 1792, to William INIoore, of
Carlisle. It was between 1 790 and 1799 eiforts
were made to retain the farm. On September
11, 1809, the heirs of William Jloore sold the
property to Ebcr Benthall, who came to the
place from Philadelphia, and about whose life
there was much mystery. He settled upon the
farm with his wife, Luciuda, who was a woman
of much culture. She died January 27, 1812,
aged thirty-seven years. He sold the farm,
March 24th following, to Christian Stauffer,
whose heirs still own it.
The children of Robert and Martha NeLson
were David, Andrew, James P., John, Nancy,
Mary and Catharine. David and Andrew, the
eldest sons, were in the Revolutionary army,
and were prominent in the civil affiiirs of tills
region of country. Andrew was sherifl' of
Mifflin County from 1 796 to 1 79X, and promi-
nent in 1801 in the endeavor to remove the
county-seat to Mifflintown. He later removed
to Columbus, where David had prece<led him.
James P. was a surveyor, and after 1800
moved to Moundsville, W. Va., where he died.
His sister Nancy resided with him. John emi-
grated to BoAvling Green, Ky., and settled
there. Mary became the wife of David Allen,
and settled near the homestead ; they are both
buried in the Cedar Spring grave-yard. Two
daughters, jMartha and Mary, lioth marrietl a
Thompson and settled in the vicinity. David
Allen was a son of David Allen, who warranted
three hundred acres in the township February
.3, 1755.
Catharine Nelson married James Banks, the
son of James Banks, and settled on part of the
Banks homestead. After 1815, for .sevei^al
years, they resided at the mills now known as
Oakland. It later passed to Dr. Thomas
Whiteside.
Andrew Douglas settled on Lost Creek, near
the Purdys' land, and was wounded in the
Kittanning expedition of 1756. His name ap-
peal's in the first assessment of 1763. He died
soon after 1790.
Azariah Reetl, Sr., Azariah Reed, Jr., and
John Reed are each assessed upon one huudreil
acres in 1763. The land was adjoining the
Alexander Lafferty tract (now Mifflintown),
and in 1767 John Reed only appeai-s. He is
still there, in 1779, as a resident. Adam Reed,
at this time, has one hundred acres, and is a
resident. Closes Reed warranted one hundred
acres August 4, 1767, and later sold it to John
Reed. This land passed, respectively, to
Henry, Jacob Wright, Robert C. Gallagher,
John Schweier, and is now, in part, owned by
his son, B. F. Schweier.
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
March 7, 1755, a warrant was issued from
the Land Office to Thomas McCormick, an
Irislnuan, for a tract of land, which is now
known as Horningtown. It is said he ascended
the Juniata to the mouth of Horniug's Run,
where he found quite an Indian settlement,
with about twenty acres of land cleared. Mc-
Cormick concluded to locate his warrant near
this place. The chief of the Indians, while re-
ceiving him in a friendly manner, yet refused
to let the surveyor who accompanied him, run
the line in that place until McCormick pre-
sented him with a bull's-eye watch he carried.
The tract surveyed was three hundred and
eleven acres, sixty perches, and was returned
as "Armagh." McCormick, like the other set-
tlers of that time, did not remain long upon
his new purchase, and it is doubtful if he ever
returned, as July 30, 1766, he conveyed the
property to his brother, Hugh McCormick,
who immediately took possession, and Thomas
was not afterwards known as a settler in these
parts. Hugh remained upon " Armagh " for
thirty-two years, and was a prominent man in
the Presbyterian Church and in all progressive
movements. In 1788 he ei'ected the two-story
stone dwelling-house now occupied by Enoch
Horning. He was a brother of William Mc-
Cormick, who settled on the other side of the
river.
On the 18th of October, 1798, he sold
"Armagh" to Elias Horning, a native of
Montgomery County, whose father, Johu Hor-
ning, was a German, who had purchased a
large tract of land in Montgomery and But'ks
Counties. He had thirteen children, who, with
one exception, settled on their father's land.
The father lived to the age of one hundred and
twenty years. Elias married there, and lived
on the homestead farm, in Bucks County, until
after the death of his father. After receiving
the .share of his father's estate, he migrated to
the Juniata River, and purchased the j)roperty
mentioned above and settled upon it.
It is tradition that McCormick, upon his
first visit to the place, in 1755, found an Irish-
man, by the name of John Hardy, who had a
tannery of six vats here at that time.
This tradition is not true, as the John Hardy
here mentioned was born in Milfbrd township,
on the farm now owned by William Guss.
The tradition has been published several
times and bears evidence of its untruthfulness
in its statements, as facts that occurred in 1763-
67, and on to 1783, all appear in the story as of
one time. A tannery was upon the Horning
place, which was owned and operated by Hugh
McCormick, with John Davis as the manager,
and was abandoned soon after 1790. The vats
of this tannery fell in, and years after, when the
property was transferred to Elias Horning con-
siderable leather, well tanned, was found in the
vats. That part of the farm is now owned by
Henry A. Stambangh. Elias Horning lived
upon the " Armagh " tract until his death, at
the age of sixty-five. His eldest son, Jacob,
the father of Enoch, died at eighty-three years,
and settled on the homestead farm. In 1810
the distillery was built by Elias Horning, by
whom the bond was given. Jacob was the dis-
tiller and ran it until 1828. The tax in 1818
was $1 93.32. The greater portion of the liquor
was shipped on arks and flats down the river
to Columbia. Elias Horning planted, in 1810
or 1811, a peach orchard of six thousand trees,
the fruit of which was mostly made into liquor.
The Horning farm, upon the death of Elias, was
divided among four sons, — Jacob, Joseph, Wil-
liam and Elia.s, the latter having the mansion-
house tract. Upon his death the heirs sold it
to Jacob and Enoch, and upon the death of the
latter it passed to Enoch, who now owns it, as
well as the portion that came to his father,
Jacob. Joseph's farm passed to Jacob Ulsh,
who,se sons, Simon and William, now own it.
Henry A. Stambangji is of German de-
scent. His grandfather, Jacob Stambangh, who
assisted in the transportation of supplies during
the Revolutionary War, removed from Ijancas-
ter to Perry County soon afler the conclusion of
that memorable struggle. His children were
thirteen in number, of whom Martin was born
in Perry County, and learned the trade of a brick-
layer, which he followed in his native county
and in Juniata County. He was elected and
served a term as sheriff of the former county,
and afterward removed to the West, where his
j death occurred. He married Anna Mary
JUNIATA (!OUiNTY.
819
FiLsselmun, of the same county, whose ehiklreii
are Elizabeth C, wife of liev. Abuer Van
Fossen ; Jacob, formerly a successful merchant
in Mifflintown, whose death occurred in Cali-
fornia iu 1874 ; Henry A. ; Anna Mary, who
died in 1857, wife of Hon. Samuel S. ]jloom,
of Ohio ; and John P., of Philadelphia. Hemy
A. Stambaugh was born on the 1st of Novem-
ber, 1833, near Landisburg, in Perry County,
where the early years of his life were spent.
Island. The war at this time being declared
b(;tween the United Stiitcs government and the
South, the "Sabine" wa.s detiiiled for govcrn-
n)ent defense, and later despatched to the relief
of liieutenant Slemmer, in command of Fort
Pickens. The vessel then returning to the
North, Mr. Stambaugh reported for duty at the
Washington navy-yard, and was transferred to
the United States flag-ship " Pensa(;ula," which
later became part of the fleet of Admiral Farra-
//-^J-r-^:^dy^
Receiving but meagre instruction at sciiool, he '
early acquired the trade of a tailor, and afler- '
ward a knowledge of daguerreotyping, the latter
being made available until 1858, when he
entered the navy, and, end)arking on tlic "Sa-
bine," the flag-ship of a fleet sent by the United
States government to Paraguay, sailed for South
America. The purpose of the expedition having
been effected, he afterward endjarked for Centi-al
America, and later cruisetl in the Gulf of !
Mexico, from whence he sailed for Santa Rosa '
gut, whose purpose was to open up the I>ower
Mississippi. He participated in the battle of
New Orleans, and on the expiration of his
period of service, in June, 18(32, receiveil his
discharge. Engaging for a brief period as clerk
in Mifflintown, he soon established himself iu
business in the same borough. Mr. St;imbaugh
was married, in 1864, to Mi-s. Jane Is;ibella
Harris, daughter of William Horning, of Fer-
managh township. Their children are Anna
Mary, born May 10, 1865 ; William Hornini;-,
820
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
October 4, 1867; Charles Jacob, January 28,
1870; Luella Carrie, January 24, 1872 ; Cor-
nelia, September 1, 1873 ; Walter, October 24,
1877; Jane Isabella, August 15, 1879; Mar-
garet Elizabeth, October 20, 1881 ; David H.
and Esther E. (twins), February 25, 1883. Mr.
Stambaugh continued business in Mifflintowu
until 1877, when, deciding upon the life of an
agriculturist, he removed to the farm purchased
by him in 1869. Since that time he has been
actively engaged in farming, making the raising
of peaches a specialty. He is the second grower
of this fruit in the county whose efforts have
been crowned with success. He has also been
equally successful in the staj)le cereals. Mr.
Stambaugh is a Republican in politics, and has
filled such offices as treasurer, auditor and school
director, both in the borough of MifBintown
and the township of his residence. He is a
member of the Masonic fraternity, and also of
Fermanagh Grange, No. 787, of which he is
Master. His religious sympathies are with the
Evangelical Lutheran Church, of which he is a
regular attendant.
David Jordan, in 1787, purcliased of John
McClure, one hundred and fifty acres of land in
the Narrows, on the river, at which ]Aace he
built a tavern, and kept it until 1 798, when he
traded with Michael Foncannon, who had for se-
veral years kept tavern at Lewistown. In 1793
Jordan established a ferry across the river at the
place. In 1808, when the stage-coaches first
began to run past the place, it became known as
the " Seven-Mile Tavern." David Jordan, in
1 79o, married for his second wife, Isabella, the
widow of Arthur Buchanan, on whose farm
Ijcwistown was laid out. They lived there
until they went to Lewistown, where he kept the
tavern on the Diamond, on the site now occu-
pied by Pratt's grocery. Only a short time since,
on the site of the old tavern, a water-pipe was
uncovered, which brought the water down from
the mountain springs, and it was found to deliver
three gallons to the minute. Michael Foncannon
kept the tavern several years after 1800. It af-
terwards came into the possession of Michael M.
Monaghan, and during the building of the
canal, in 1829 and 1830, it passed to Daniel
Brought.
The first person by the name of Wiley to
locate in the township was Joseph, who was
here from 1771 to 1774. Thomas was resident
here, not far from Jericho, from 1774 to 1805;
William, a drover, from 1774 to 1813; Sam-
uel, Sr., from 1774 to 1805 ; Samuel, Jr., from
1780. The latter was running a fulling-mill
from 1805 to 1813, and carding-machine from
1801 to 1813. In the latter year the name dis-
appears from the rolls.
The tract upon which James Aitken later
settled was warranted by Robert McCormick,
a brother of Thomas, Hugh and William.
He sold it to James Aitken before 1790,
as in that year he was in possession of one
hundred and fifty acres of land at the foot
of the Narrows, where he opened a tavern
at the sign of the " Three Candlesticks." The
farm was later enlarged to three hundred
and six acres and came to Mary Aitken, his
wife. Captain Jonatlian W. Aitken, a S(jn,
kept the tavern for several years and moved to
Mifflintowu, where he kept tavern and also a
store. The property, in 1834, was left by will
to Jonathan W., William and Ellen Aitken,
and was sold, Septendter 2, 1839, to David
McClure, and is now owned l)y F. Espenshade,
of Mifflintowu.
John Watson purchased one hundred and
fifty-five acres in 1781, and settled upon it, and
in 1785 warranted one hundred and forty-eight
acres of land at the mouth of Lost Creek, where
in 1794, he built a grist-mill and a saw-mill.
About 1793 he moved to Mifflintowu and
opened a tavern, continuing the mills luitil
1809. They have passed through many hands,
and are now known as the Cuba Mills. Dr.
William Watson, a son of John Watson, prac-
ticed medicine a short time in Lewistown and
moved to Bedford Springs, where his son is
now living. The mill property was afterwards
owned by William and Robert Thompson, of
Thompsontown, and later by Jacob Forrey.
The mill property is now owned by Joseph
Musser & Bro., and the Mansion House and
most of the farm by Noah A. Elder.
William Riddle was assessed from 1767.
James, probably a brother, settled below
Mexico in 1777. They were prominent in the
JUNIATA COUNTY.
321
ludian troubles, and the family are still in the
county.
Christian Lintner was the ancestor of the
family of that name, who settled on the forks of
Lost Creek, and his name appears first in 1773.
He lived near the lauds of the Sharous and
Purdys. He was the father of Conrad, Chris-
topher, Peter and John, and gradually came
into possession of about six hundred acres of
land, which were given to his sons. Conrad was
a miller, a merchant and also had a distillery
from 1787 to 1805. The others settled near
thereuntil about 1805, when they moved to the
West. Elizabeth, the daughter of Christian,
became the wife of Andrew Banks ; another
daughter became the wife of Jacob Adams,
wiio died in 1805.
The family of Sturgeon occupied a brief, but
important, space in the early history of the
township. Thomas and Margaret Corbett
Sturgeon were married July IG, 1750, and
settled above what is now Harrisburg, Dauphin
County, where he built a mill at the mouth of
Stony Creek. Tlicy had fifteen children, of
whom l^cter was the fourth. He was in the
Revolutionary War. In 1793 Thomas Stur-
geon, his wife and three sons — Peter (with his
family), John and Moses — and daughters came to
Lost Creek Valley, and on the 17th of June,
in that year, Peter purcha.sed of John Purdy
one hundred and one acres of land, including
the Purdy grist-mill. Thomas, the father, pur-
chased two hundred acres of Hugh Sharon,
June 28th the same year. Moses, on the 4th of
December, 1800, named Anna, a daughter of
George McCullough, of Tuscarora Valley.
In 1817 Moses Sturgeon and his family
moved to near Piqua, Miami County, Ohio,
in Shelby County, having purchased a large
tract of land there in 1812, where he lived and
died, and his family still own the homestead.
Peter Sturgeon, after the deatli, of his father in
1813, emigrated with his family to Ohio and
settled near Lancaster, in that State. John, who
also had settled in Lost Creek, and had pur-
chased land near his father and brother at a
later date, removed to near Somerset about 1817,
witli his brother Moses.
Thomas, the father, died in 1813, and was
buried in tlie old l'rcsbyt< rian grave-yard and
his wife, Margaret, died in 1X17, and one slal)
marks their resting-])lace. In this y<'ar the
remainder of the family emigrated to Ohio.
The lands of Thomas and Peter Sturgeon were
sold to Adam Johnston, John and William
Rannels and others.
William Henderson is on the list of 1763 as
owning two hundred acres of land, and in 1767
is assessed on five hundred acres, thirty acres
cleared, two horses and three cows ; in 1 770 on
one hundred and ninety acres, and James Hen-
derson on one hundred and fifty acres ; in 1773,
William on three hundred and James on two
hundred acres; in 1776, William on one hun-
dred acres, James on seventy acres and John
on one hundred and twenty acres, and each with
horses, cows, and John on fifty acres and one
horse; in 1780 William has four hundred acres,
John (cooper) two hundred, James ninety-
three and John, Sr., thirty acres; in 1789 John
(cooper) on tiiree hundred, William on one
hundred and John, on Lost Creek, .two hundred
acres. John was in jjossession of the prop-
erty until 1803. Tliis farm now belongs to
Joseph Pothrock.
Joseph Rothrock is of Holland descent. On
the 29th of September, 173-"!, IMiilip and Jacob
Rothrock arrived in Philadel{)hia in the ship
" Pink i\Iary," of Dublin, which sailed from
Rotterdam, then from Cowes, England. On the
1st of September, 1736, Johannes Rothrock
arrived in Philadelphia in the ship " Hart," of
London, which sailed, as did the former, from
Rotterdam and later from Cowes. From one
of these emigrants is descended Joseph Roth-
rock, the grandfather of the subject of this
sketch, who was born December 26, 1776, and
resided in Mifflin County, Pa., where he was a
farmer. His wife, Anna Rothrock, was born
November 27, 1772. Their children were John,
born August 25, 179-1 ; Abram, November 6,
1796 ; Isa;ic, June 22, 1798 ; Mary, December
31, 1800 ; Asenath, November 15, 1802 ; Anna,
1805 ; Sarah, March 16, 1807; Susjinnah, Jan-
uary 25, 1809 ; Elizabeth, April 26, 181 1 ; and
Joseph, August 31, 1813. The birth of John,
of this number, occurred in Mifflin County on
the 25th of August, 1794. He mai'ried Sai-ali,
822
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
daughter of George aud Elizabeth Sigler, of j
the same county. Their children are Joseph,
born March 3, 1824, and George, Iwrn Novem-
ber 16, 1827, who resides with his brother.
The death of Mr. Rothrock occurred July 27,
1846, and that of his wife January 6, 1881. j
Joseph Rothrock was born in Decatur town-
ship, Mifflin County, and at the age of three
years removed, with his parents, to his present
home in Fermanagh township, where the resi- i
deceased ; Florence, born November 14, 1852 ;
Josephine, born October 1, 1854, wife of Rev.
L. L. Sieber, of Connellsville, Fayette County,
Pa. ; Sibella, born August 29, 1858 ; John Lin-
coln, born July 12, 1863; and Samuel Sieber,
born July 15, 1866. Mr. Rothrock has never
been diverted from the legitimate business of an
agriculturist, nor induced to embark in uncer-
tain and hazardous commercial enterprises. His
political sentiments have been strongly Repul)-
due of his life has been spent. After the usual
period of boyhood spent at school he acquired a
knowledge of farming, and on the death of his
father assumed the management of the prop-
erty, which he has continued until the present
time. He was, on the 15th of February, 1848,
married to Eliza, daughter of Samuel Sieljer, of
Walker township, Juniata County. Their
children are Sarah Minerva, born May 5, 1849,
and married to John T. L. Sahn, of Wilkes-
barre. Pa.; Nancy Jane, born August 22, 1850,
lican, though he has never craved office. He
has, however, served as jury commissioner, and
his earnest sympathy with the cause of educa-
tion has induced his acceptance, for three terms,
of the office of school director. He is a director
of the Juniata A'^alley Bank and member of the
County Agricultural Society, of which he has
been twice president, and is now chairman of
the executive committee. He is also a member
of Fermanagh Grange, No. 787. His integrity
and superior business qualifications have caused
JUNIATA COUNTY.
823
his services to be much in demand as gnardian,
trustee of estates and executor, wliicli ottices
have invarial)iy been filled with the strictest
fidelity. He is a member of the Evangelical
Lutheran Church of Mifflintown, and president
of its board of trustees. John Lincoln, the
eldest son of Josej)h Rothrociv, was graduated
at the Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg, Pa.,
and deciding upon medicine as a jirofcssion, en-
tered the office of Dr. D. M. Crawforil, of Mif-
flintown, prc[)aratory to graduating from the
Medical Department of the University of Penn-
sylvania. Samuel C., the youngest son, took a
preparatory course at the ^lifflin Academy, and
has succeedeil his father in the management of
the farm.
Jacob KaufFman settled in the township in
1795, on land now owned by Joseph Rothrock.
He became the owner of a large tract lying be-
tween Happy Hollow school-house and the
Burd tract, adjoining his original purchase. He
died in Octoljcr, 1824, aged seventy-three years.
His children were Abraham, who died on the
home farm in November, 1825, aged fifty-one
years ; Isaac, who settled in Tuscarora Valley
and died in July, 1833, aged eighty-one years;
John emigrated to Ohio and died in 18()4, aged
seventy two years ; Daniel also moved to Ohio
and died in 1804, aged seventy-four; Jonathan
located in Walker township, near the Adams
farms, and died in April, 18(j9, aged seventy
years ; Catharine married Michael Shirk and
settled above the home farm, and died in Feb-
ruary, 18()!), aged eighty years; Philip settled
in Walker township, on the turnpike, and died
in 1874, aged seventy-one years; Elizabeth
married Jacob Moist, and died iu July, 1874,
aged ninety-one years; Sarah, the youngest
daughter, married William Rannels and settled
on the Rannels farm. Their daugliter llettie
became the wife of Adam W'eidman and mother
of Dr. J. C. Weidman, of IMcAlistervillc. The
home farm, of one hundred and eighty-five
acres, passed to John Rothrock in 1827, and is
now owned by Joseph, his son. There is upon
the farm a burial-place, set apart by Jacob
Kauffraau, in which he was tiie first one buried.
Others of the family are buried there.
John Elliot purchased a part of the Purdy
lands, near Jericho, of James Purdy, January
2(j, 1791, and lived and died upcm it. His
daughter Catharine, in 1795, married Hugh
McAlister, father of Hugh T. McAlister. A
son John .settled uj)oii the farm and lived to an.
advanced age ; sold it to Amos Gustine and
moved to Ohio.
He had two sous, Edward and Huston. The
former died in 179(5, at the age of twenty-six;
the latter in 1797, aged thirtecii years. They
arc all buried in the old Cedar Spring burial-
ground.
The first of the name of Cunningham who
appears on the tax-roll of the township is
Charles, who is assessed in 1770 on one hun-
dred acres, one horse, one cow and one sheep ;
in 1772 Arthur appears a.ssessed on fifty acres, a
horse and cow alid each with ten acres cleared. In
1779 Charles has one hundred and fifty acres, Wil-
liam two hundred and ten and John owns two
horses and no land. William lived upon his
farm until his death, iu 179(3, and his widow
kept the farm until 1808. The family have
been quite numerous and are still represented in
the county. Dr. Michael Cunningham was
practicing in the townshij) in 1808-9.
An assessment roll of Fermanagh township
gives Enoch Anderson a grist-mill in 1786 ;
Joseph, a saw-mill and fulling-mill from 1787,
and 1792 to 1793 ; John, a saw-mill from 1817.
The Andersons lived in the neighborhood of
the Sharons, Purdys and Banks. The lands
passed to James Cunningham and Hon. David
Christy, and are now owned by ^lichael Bash-
ore and John Bylcr.
In January, 1 793, Peter, John, Philip, Get>rge,
and Adam Darr each took out warrants for four
hundred acres of land on the ISIac^'donia
Mountain. No improvement of any i-on-
sequcnce occurred until about 1843, when
Samuel Hopper and John Hamilton erecteil a
saw-mill on Macetlonia Run. The power wa.s
a Barker wheel with one hundre<l feet fall. At
this mill was sawed the mud-sills which were
laid through the Narrows when the Pennsyl-
vania Railroad was built. The mill has long
since disappeared and no improvement of con-
sequence is on the mountain. It is in large
part owned by Robert ^rcMecu.
824
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The oldest member of the Bauks family of
whom any knowledge has been obtained was
Hugh, who resided in Ayrshire, Scotland, at
the close of the sixteenth century. He aj^pears
,ti) have Ijeen a man of vigorous physical and
mental make-up, strong convictions, and decided
moral and religious habits. He had one son,
named James, who was the ancestor of the
Banks family in America, and was born, most
likely, in tlie town of Ayr, in 1732. Whilst
there is no reason to believe that he was brought
up in lu.xury, he enjoyed the advantages of a
fiiir education, and, according to the custom of
the place and day, was carefully indoctrinated
in the principles of religion, the hopes and
habit.s of which were strictly adhered to in all
his subsequent life.
He spent some time in travel in England,
where he witnessed something of the jirofligacy
and intolerance of the reigning power, and ac-
(piired an intense dislike for monarchical insti-
tutions. Immediately upon his return from a
second tour througli England, he took, as the
j)artner of his life. Miss Anna Small, a lady en-
dowed with a vigorous constitution, personal
beauty, intelligence and religion. The union
was a very happy one, and James Banks had a
wife well rpialificd to share with him the adven-
tures and trials wliich were to follo\v. Shortly
after their marriage they began to meditate em-
igration to America. The chief hindrance to
this stej) in Mrs. Banks' mind was the tear that
in this then new and far-off ooiuitry they
would be deprived of the ordinances of reli-
gion, which she valued so highly at home.
Two brothei's of Mrs. Bauks had emigrated
to America a short time previously, a circum-
stance which may have had some influence in
favorably disposing her toward the step they
were about to take. Having collected together
what little property they had, they sailed for
America and landed at Christiana Bridge, in
the State of Delaware. From here they at once
went to New London Cross-Roads, Chester
County, Pa., where they made their first home
in this country, in a house owned by Captain
William Clinton, a brave and noble-hearted
man, who treated them with the utmost gener-
osity and resj^ect — a kindness and courtesy of
which they afterward made frequent and grate-
ful mention. About this time the inhabitants
of Western Pennsylvania and Virginia were
much annoyed by frequent incursions of bands
of Indians, who broke in upon the border set-
tlements, butchered the people and l)urned their
dwellings. It became necessary to do something
for their protection. A small army was raised,
and Colonel Washington, then a I'ising young
officer, was put in command. Captain Clinton
raised a company of volunteers, in which James
Banks enlisted and served two years, sharing in
all the discouragements, toils and dangers of the
campaigns of 1756-57 on the western frontiers
of Pennsylvania and Virginia. After his re-
turn from this exjiedition, James Banks, in 1758,
enlisted in the army of General Forbes, which
marched against Fort Du Quesne. The term
of his enlistment having expired, James Banks
returned to his home in Chester County, and
resolved to settle down in the quiet pursuits of
a farmer's life. With the money which he had
saved from his meagre pay as a soldier he pur-
chased a small tract of land in York County,
Pa., about ten miles southea.st of York, and
eight miles from AVrightsville and two miles
from Brogue Tavern. This was the first prop-
erty owned by the family in America. He pur-
chased another tract two miles south of the one
on which he resided. This was known as "the
Mount Gilboa tract."
In 1772, in company with Joseph Bogle, he
took a tour through Cumberland County, which
at that time embraced an immense tract in Cen-
tral Pennsylvania. He purchased of William
Sharon a tract of one hundred and seventy-two
acres, for about seven hundred dollars, in Lost
Creek Valley, now embraced in the Heckman
farm, six acres only being cleared, and no build-
ing on it except a little log hut. His compan-
ion, Joseph Bogle, purchased the land on which
McAlisterville now stands.
Soon after making this purchase, James Banks
sold his lands in York County, and removed,
in 1773, with his family, to his new farm in
Lost Creek Valley.
The route taken was by way of Carlisle,
thence to the Juniata, crossing it at Millerstown.
Here they spent the night in the woods beside
JIINEATA COUNTY.
825
;i luige fire of pine knots. The next day, abont
noon, after a very tedious journey, they arrived
at their little cabin in the wilderness. The day
following their arrival being Sabbath, the fam-
ily, worn out by their week's travel, rested ; but
James walked two miles to the Cedar Springs,
where Rev. Mr. Kennedy preached to a few
settlers. Whilst he was absent, a fire broke out
in the woods, which for a time threatened to
leave the new-comers entirely shelterless ; but
by their strenuous exertions the hut was saved.
During the summer this humble habitation un-
derwent some improvement. The clapboard
roof was taken off and it was raised four rounds
of logs higher, and covered with shingle roof.
This was the second shingle-roof in the neigh-
borhood, that of Major McAlister's being the
first.
As already stated, the tract in Lost Creek Val-
ley upon which James Banks settled, in 1 773, was
for the most part heavily timbered. He, how-
ever, entered upon the improvement of his new
farm with characteristic vigor. Each year he
added as much as possible to the amount of
cleared laud, and it was not long until he found
himself possessed of a property of considerable
value. The low marshy parts had been con-
verted into good grass-producing meadow.?, and
the higher ground into fields yielding heavy
crops of wheat and corn. Sixteen acres had
been added to his original purchase. After a
lapse of ten years' unabated labor on his farm
James Banks began to realize that he was in
the decline of life. The severe endurance of
army experience, and the subsequent 3-ears of
toil in clearing and cultivating his land, now
began to tell upon his naturally vigorous
physical frame. He accordingly handed the
management of the farm over to his sons and
spent the evening of life in quietude. Retain-
ing his mental vigor and being fond of books,
he gave himself princi])ully to reading. He
had a large acquaintance with history, read
many works on doctrinal and practical religion,
and even acquainted himself with branches of
science not at that time familiar to the gen-
erality of readers. The Bible, however, was
the book of his daily and diligent study. He
died in June, 1793, aged sixty-one yeai-s. His
remains were iuku-red in the place of i)urial at
the " Old Secedcr Church," two miles di.stant.
In Scotland James and Ann Banks had both
been members of the Presijyterian Church;
but after coming to America, from some un-
known cause, they joined the Seceders. The
change may have been caused by the absence of
any church of their earlier preference in the neigh-
borhood in which they resided in York County.
In stature James Banks was five feet nine
inches high ; he weighed about one hundred
and sixty pounds, had red curly hair, fair com-
plexion and blue, piercing eyes. He was a con-
genial companion, interesting and instructive in
conversation, firm in his convictions and averse
to controversy. He was a loyal citizen, and
took a lively interest in public affairs. He was
esteemed by all who knew him.
Ann Banks survived her husband a number
of years. This period she spent in the home
of her oldest daughter, Mrs. Walker. Becom-
ing aged and infirm, and for the most part con-
fined to her rooni, she passed much of her time
in reading. She died November, 1805, in the
seventy-seventh year of her age. She was
buried by the side of her husband in the grave-
yard at the " Old Seceder Church."
Mrs. Banks was low of stature, somewhat
fleshy, of strong constitution and no way back-
ward in the performance of household duties.
She had black hair, black eyes and a very
melodious voice. She was a woman of intelli-
gence, vigor and remarkable powers of endur-
ance. She was amiable, cheerful, affectionate
and charitable. But, above all, she \vas a de-
vout, faithful Christian.
James and Ann Banks had six children, —
Margaret, Jean, Ann, James, Andrew and John.
Margaret, the oldest of the family, was born
in Chester County. In 1780 she married
Andrew Moore, of Lost Creek Valley. After
living for a short time near the place where
Patterson now stands, in 1784 they removetl first
to Fayette County, and not long afterward to
Westmoreland, where some of their descendants
reside.
Jane, in 1782, married John Beatt}-, and
they moved to Penn's Creek, where Xew Berlin
now is. She died in 1801, leaving two sons
826
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
aud three daughters. John Beatty subse-
(luently moved to Ohio, where his descendants
are a weakhy and influential people.
Ann, the youngest daughter, was born in
1755, and married David Walker, of Juniata
County, who afterward served in the army of
the Revolution, and was present at the massacre
at Paoli. He narrowly escaped the sad fate of
many of his companions. He, however, un-
willing to leave the field without some trophy,
transfixed with his bayonet a large piece of
bacon and fled. A British horseman pursuing,
overtook him on the edge of a deep marsh, aud
was upon the point of cutting him down with
his sword, when Walker leveled his musket
and fired. The horseman, to use his own words,
" followed him no more." It was not until after
iiis return from the army that his marriage with
Ann Banks took place. In business he amassed
a large estate. He stood high in the esteem of
his fellow-citizens, and held various places of
trust. He died at his residence in Walker
township in August, 1831, aged about eighty
years. His wife died before him.
David and Ann Walker had eight children,
— James, Elizabeth, Ann, Margaret, Mary,
Jane, Andrew aud David. Mary, David
and Andrew died young. The other children
lived to mature age and died within the
radius of a few miles of where they were born.
James Banks, the eldest son, was born in
Y^ork County in 1765, and was consequently
only about eight years old when the family
settled in Lost Creek Valley. He was eighteen
years of age when the entire management of
affairs devolved upon him. At the age of
twenty-four he married Catharine Nelson, and
about this time a division of the tract embraced
in the original purchase of their father, between
him and his brother Andrew, was made. In
this division the mansion and the western jjart
of the farm fell to James, whilst Andrew had
the eastern part.
James Banks purchased of James Alricks
what is now known as the " Oakland property."
The purchase was made when money was plenty
and property high. In the course of time, how-
ever, this state of things was reversed, and
James, on seeking new fields for investment.
disposed of the property at a loss. Our settle-
ment had now reached an era in which new fields
for investment began to excite the minds of
many of our citizens, and James concluded Ten-
nessee at this time ofiered an inviting home to
new settlers ; he therefore resolved to move his
fiimily and locate where both climate and in-
vestment were more inviting. His first settle-
ment was in Henderson County, in the south-
western part of the State, but he afterward pur-
chased a tract of land adjoining the city of
^Memphis. After residing here about a year he
died, leaving a large family. His age at death
was seventy-two years.
He was a fine appearing man, and was five
feet ten inches liigh. He was dark complex-
ioned, had black eyes and black hair. He was a
man of intelligence, firmness and perseverance,
was much interested in public afiairs, was an
active political partisan, was generous and lib-
eral. The children of James and Catharine
Banks who grew to manhood and womanhood
were Ephraim, Enoch, James, Augustus, David,
Martha, Ann, Margaret and Eliza.
The members of the family that accompanied
their father to Tennessee were James, Augus-
tus, Enoch, David and Eliza.
Enoch and James alone remained in Tennes-
see. David removed to Kentucky. Eliza mar-
ried a Mr. Huntsman and settled in Texas.
He died, and she returned to Pennsylvania, and
was again married to a Mr. Caruahan. Ann
married Robert Knox and lived in Pittsburgh.
Augustus returned from Tennessee ; was for
a time editor of a paper in Huntingdon ; mar-
ried a Miss McConnell, and afterward moved
to Peru, Ind. Martha married Hugh Wilson,
a merchant in McAlisterville. Their children
Lucian Banks and Latimer Wilson, are well-
known citizens of Juniata County. Mrs. Cath-
arine Doty, widow of the late E. S. Doty, Esq.,
of Mifflintown, is the daughter of Hugh and
Martha Wilson. Margaret married Wm. Mc-
Meen, and lived on their farm, near McAlister-
ville. Most of their children died young, but
those that are still living occupy a very i-espect-
able position in the connnunities in which they
reside. Ephraim, the oldest son, entered the
practice of the law, was married and resided in
JUNIATA COUNTY.
827
Lewistown ; was a inun of many sterliug qual-
ities; was much interested in public affairs;
held numerous responsible official positions ;
was an elder in the Presbyterian Church and an
active ■worker in every good cause.
Andrew, the second son of James and Ann
Banks, was born in York County January 12,
1767 ; was about fifteen years of age when the
management of the farm devolved upon him
and his older brother James. On January
14, 1790, he manned Elizabeth Lintner,
the daughter of Christian Lintner. Their
first place of residence was on the portion of
land which had been allotted to him in the di-
vision of the homestead farm. Here they re-
mained a immber of years, but at length jiarted
with that tract and went to live on his half of
the joint purchase he and his brother James
had made. Here he continued to live during
the remainder of his life.
This farm was greatly improved, and com-
fortable buildings were erected. He made two
trips through Western Pennsylvania on horse-
back, and purchased a tract of land not far
from New Wilmington, in what is now Law-
rence County. On this his son James afterward
settled, and it is still in possession of his de-
scendants.
Andrew Banks was a man of medium height ;
his hair and eyes wei-e black ; his constitution
was very robust ; his figure erect and he always
walked with a quick, elastic step. He acquired
a fair English education and was a life-long
reader. His power of memory was remarkable.
He seemed able to recall names, dates and facts
at pleasure. This made him remarkably inter-
esting and instructive in conversation. He
never seemed to grow old, but retained a degree
of youthful sprightliness down to the close of
his life. He was equally at home among chil-
dren or people of mature years.
In religion he was a Presbyterian, and al-
though not narrowly sectarian, he was very
much interested in tiie progress of the church,
in which he was for many years a ruling elder.
He was very regular in his attendance upon the
ordinances and even al'ter his hearing became so
impaired that he could get but little of the ser-
jnou he seemed to feel that it was ffood to be at
the place of worship. He was a diligent Bi-
ble-reader and was accustomed to memorize
favorite jiassages of Scripture. These afforded
him great satisfaction when, in extreme age, his
vision becaine so impaired that he could no
longer read.
The close of life was very peaceful. H(! en-
joyed the respect of all his neighbors and the
affectionate regard and kindly offices of the
household in which he lived. His death was
attended by no protracted sickness or suffering.
He was simply worn out. He .sank beneath the
weight of years. He realized that the time of
his departure was at hand, and quietly commit-
ting his soul to the care of that Saviour whom
he had trusted and served so many years, he
patiently awaited the moment of departure to
the better country. He died on the 28th day
of December, 1855, in the eighty-eighth year of
his age, and was buried in the grave-yard at the
Lost Creek Church by the side of his wife, who
had been borne thither seven years earlier.
Eliz.vbeth Banks, the wife of Andrew,
as already stated, was the daughter of Christian
Lintner, a respectable farmer in Lost Creek Val-
ley. She was one of a family of nine children.
Of these, the third son, John, although a young
man of extraordinary physical strength, dietl
early. The others all married and removed
either to Ohio or to some part of Penn.sylvania.
Elizabeth was born in Kingswood township,
Hunterdon County, N. J., September 14, 17G6.
When she was six years of age her father pur-
chased a farm and settled in Lost Creek Valley.
She grew up an intelligent, well-appearing young
lady ; and as the wife of Andrew Banks, acquit-
ted herself with great credit, in patience and
fortitude sharing with him the toils and priva-
tions incident to the times in which they lived.
She was a woman of great industry and econ-
omy. Even in the decline of life she was no way
backward in the discharge of household duties.
She was a well-informed, devoted Ciiristian ; was
interested in every good work, and s^iared no
pains in the religious instruction of her grand-
children, living in the same house with her.
She died of asthma, April 4, 1848, in the eightv-
second year of her age. Her remains rest besitlc
those of her husband, who foUoweii her to the
828
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
grave a few year.s later. Andrew and Elizabeth
Banks had four children, all sons. These were
born and spent their earliest days on the farm
on which Andrew first lived after the division
of the projjerty between him and his brother
James, lately known as the Heekman farm.
The school-house where these boys received their
education was a little log structure which stood
just at the bend of the road about one hundred
and fifty yards southwest of the Hoffman
bridge. Close observation will enable the pass-
er-by to discover the face of a flat rock at the
surface of the ground on the east side of the
road. It was on that rock that the school-house
stood, and of which it probably constituted the
floor. Who the instructors were is not now
known ; but judging from the attainments of the
Banks children, it is clear that the rudiments of
a good English education were imparted there.
James Banks, the eldest son of Andrew and
Elizabeth, was born June 18, 1791. He lived
with his parents on the farm until 1815, when
he married Miss Law. He then removed to
the farm which his father had purchased in
Mercer County, where he continued to reside
until the time of his death, which occurred at a
very advanced age. His family consisted of five
children — two sons and three daughters — some
of whom are still living in Western Pennsyl-
vania.
James Banks was a large, muscular man, of
fine figure. He was well-informed and very
entertaining in conversation. He was an active
member of the Presbyterian Church, and for
manv years a ruling elder, and also a member
of the Legislature of Pennsylvania. The cir-
cumstances of his death were somewhat remark-
able. Being at church — for he was always ac-
customed to attend when it was possible — the
minister asked him to lead in prayer, which he
did M'ith his accustomed earnestness, without
any apparent faltering of the voice. At the close
of the prayer he sank down, and in a few min-
utes breathed his last. This was indeed a
fitting close to a life that had been so largely
devoted to the progress of God's cause as his
was, — speedy and peaceful transfer from the
church on earth to that on high.
John, the second son of Andrew and Eliza-
beth Banks, was born May 13, 1793. His
earliest years were spent at work on the farm,
but inclining to study, he attended a classical
school taught by Rev. John Hutcheson, in Mif-
flin. He walked three miles every day to re-
cite, and made rapid progress in his studies.
He was an accomplished scholar in Latin,
Greek and German. He pursued his course in
law at Lewistown, and after being admitted to
the bar he married Katharine Keiser, an es-
timable lady of Lewistown, and located in the
town of Mercer (1819). He was very suc-
cessful in his profession, and grew rapidly in
the esteem and confidence of the people. He
was chosen to represent his district in Congress,
(1830) was twice elected his own successor, and
was the youngest member of the Congress of
Clay and Webster. After serving eleven years
he resigned and accepted a presiding judgeship
from Governor Ritner, for the counties of
Northampton, Lehigh and Berks, which office
he filled with credit and distinction eleven
years, after which he resigned, and was nomi-
nated for Governor on the Whig ticket in 1841.
The State at that time being largely Demo-
cratic, he was defeated, although his personal
strength reduced the State majority. Subse-
quently he was elected State treasurer, after
which he gave exclusive attention to the prac-
tice of law, and was engaged in very many
heavy suits, involving the highest legal ability
in the State. After his appointment to the ju-
diciary, he removed from Mercer to Reading,
where he resided until the date of his death,
April 3, 1864. John Banks was a man of
many valuable traits. He was intellectually very
strong, refined in his manners and upright in
his habits. He was distinguished for his integ-
rity and high sense of honor, and in executive
and legal ability ranked among the first
men of the State, while socially, he commanded
the respect of all who knew him.
His widow still lives in Reading, spending
the evening of life in the quietude of her own
pleasant home, enjoying the constant presence
and affection of a dutiful daughter and son,
all that remain of a large family of ten children.
William Banks was born November 17,
1795. He worked on the farm until he had at-
JUNIATA COUNTY.
829
taiiK'd nearly to years of luanliood. But his
health giving way, he was compelled to seek
some less severe occujJation. For a time he
taught school and in the mean time pursued a
somewhat liberal course of classical and other
studies. He studied law in the office of his
brother, John, and after being admitted to prac-
tice, located in the town of Indiana, 1826,
M'here he remained until the time of his death,
which occurred August 10, 1871.
After entering upon the duties of his profes-
continued to reside in Juniata County, a sonje-
wliat more extended mention of him may Ije
appropriate here. He was born May 23, 1 798,
and spent his entire life in sight of the place of
his birth. His early education was such only
as could be acquired at the common schools.
Being diligent, however, and apt to learn, lie
became a reasonably good scholar. He grew up
on the farm, and, after his older brothers left
home and his father had became too old to work,
he succeeded to its management, his father re-
Uy-ecx3-i:^x~- /3aynJuf
sion he soon obtained a large and profitable
practice, and, as a result, accumulated a very
liandsome estate. He was once elected to the
State Legislature, the only official position he
ever sought. He lived single until late in life,
when he married Mrs. Charlotbi Patton, and
died childless. His widow, a lady of intelli-
gence and remarkable force of character, sur-
vived him thirteen years, when, in a good old
age, she followed her husband to the grave.
D.WID was the youngest son of Andrew and
Elizabeth Banks; and as he alone of the family
taining a third interest in the proceeds. April
10, 1827, he was united in marriage to Jane T.
McAlister, daughter of the late Judge "William
INIcAlister, and gi-anddaughtcr of ^Nlajor Mc-
Alister, of whom mention is made in an earlier
part of this narrative, as having been among
the very fii-st settlei-s in Lost Creek Valley.
And M'c may be permitted to say, in passing,
that it would not be easy to speak too highly of
the many valuable qualities of this estimable
lady.
With a helper in life every way suital to his
830
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
wants, David Banks addressed himself indus-
triously to the cultivation and improvement of
the farm. The buildings were repaired and ren-
dered more commodious and comfortable. A
purchase of eighty acres from the "Walker estate, j
and which bordered his farm on the south,
added greatly to its value, as did also a tract of
woodland on Horning's Ridge, a mile and a halt
away. At the death of his father he came in-
to full possession of the iiirm, the improvement
of which may be said to have been his life-
work. As he advanced in years and became
disqualified for severe labor, he passed the man-
agement of the property over into the hands of
his son William, whose ambition has been
realized in making it one of the best farms in
the county.
The life of David Banks was a somewhat
uneventful one. He disliked publicity and ex-
citement. He was chosen one of the associate
judges for the county in 1856, and served
faithfully till 1861. He was once selected as a
candidate on the Democratic ticket for Legisla-
ture, but as the district was hopelessly Republi-
can, he made uo effort for securing an election.
Although defeated, he proved much stronger
than his party. He wa.s deeply interested in
national affairs. He believed in the constitution
and laws, and during the Rebellion favored the
vigorous prosecution of the war for their de-
fense. In stature he was five feet six inches,
and weighed two hundred and twenty pounds;
he has dark hair and dark eyes. He was widely
known in the county, and highly esteemed as
a citizen. In his family he was extremely
kind and symjjathizing, and his children
remember him rather as a congenial, playful
companion than as a severe parent. And yet
they also well remember that in the household
his word was law. His government was not
harsh, but it was strong.
In religion he was a Presbyterian by educa-
tion and honest conviction. It is somewhat
i-emarkable that althongli a quiet, regular
attendant at church, a life-long student of the
Bible and a strict observer of the Sabbath, he
did not make a public profession of religion
until late in life. But when he did do so he
bore most convincing testimony to the sincerity
of his intentions and his readiness lor the step
lie had taken. He was a devout, humble, hope-
ful Christian.
David Banks died of heart-disease. He was
taken ill in November and lingered during the
winter, gradually failing. His sufferings at
times were great, but he bore them patiently
and with Christian resignation. Ev-erything
was done to stay the progress of his disease and
mitigate his sufferings that could be done, but all
was of no avail. He began to sink rapidly,
and ou Sabbath morning, March 6, 1870, he
quietly breathed his last, in the seventy-second
year of his age. The next Tuesday his remains
were followed to the Lost Creek burying-
ground by his bereaved family and a large pro-
cession of sympathizing friends and neighbors.
His wife, Jane T. Banks, survived her husband
ten years. She died July 29, 1880, in the
seventy-seventh year of her age. After the
death of her husband she continued to live in
the old homestead until it took fire and burned
down. After this she lived in tiie family of
her son William. The last years of her life
were very calm and peaceful. The frequent
visits of her sons, in whose welfare she always
took the deepest interest, gave her great pleas-
ure, as did also the presence of lier numerous
friends in the neighborhood.
She can hardly be said to have died of
disease. The vital forces had done their work
and simply ceased to act. She suffered very
little pain during her decline, and only one day
did she complain of any. Death had no ter-
rors for her. She had prepared for her depart-
ure, and when the summons came she was
ready to go and be with Christ. The funeral
took place on Saturday, July 31st. The Pres-
byterian Church having uo pastor at the time,
the services were conducted by Rev. Joseph
Mathers, of Bell's Mills, and an intimate friend
of the family. She was buried by the side of
her husband, and in the same grave-yard
where sleep the remains of her parents, two of
her sons and numerous friends and relations,
David and Jane Banks had seven children,
all sons.
The oldest son, James Andrew, grew up a
young man of considerable promise. Resolved
JUNIATA COUNTY.
831
to make his own way in the world, lie left
home, and after living for short periods in vari-
ous ])laces teaching school, or working at car-
pentering, he went to California abont the time
the "gold fever" was at its height. In the
excitement which prevailed dnring the reign of
the vigilance committee he took an active part.
At a time when many who had been church-
members in the East were casting aside their
religion he united with the First Presbyterian
(Dr. Anderson's) Church, and was elected first
president of the Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation of San Francisco. He grew rapidly in
influence, and was elected five times to the Leg-
islature and three times to the Senate of Cali-
fornia, and was Speaker of both branches of the
legislature. He afterwards moved to Nevada, as
superintendent of a mining company ; was a
member of the convention which framed the
Constitution, and at the time of his death was
Speaker of the State Assembly.
His death, which occurred August 1, 1867,
was peculiarly sad. He was spending a few
days on a visit to friends at Fort Winfield
Scott, in Paradise Valley, in the northwestern
part of the State. One day, when up the
Humboldt River, only a short distance from
the fort, he was waylaid and shot by three In-
dians. His body was recovered and subse-
quently removed to San Francisco for burial,
where the Young Men's Christian Association
have erected a monument to his memory. The
letters written to friends in the East, the obituary
notices published in the papers and the ad-
dresses made upon the occasion of his burial
fully attest the high esteem in which he was
held by all classes of society.
Robert Edwin, the fifth son of David and
Jane Banks, began a course of liberal education
at Airy View Academy, and had entered the
sophomoi'c class in Cannonsbnrg College. Two
of his fellow-students, boarding in the same
house with him, took the typhoid fever and
died. He had waited on them assiduously dur-
ing their sickness. He was then himself taken
down with the same disease, but seemed on a
fair way to recovery, when he took a relapse,
and, after lingering about three mouths, died
April 17, 1858. His death was a very painful
stroke to the family, for he was a lovely youth
and gave great promise of being a very us<.'ful
man. His body was brought back to Juniata
County and lies in the family bin'ying-i)lace.
Joiix Edmoxd, the fourth son, dic<I in in-
fancy, April 7, 1836.
The living sons of David and Jane Banks
are William, David Stuart, John Xelson and
Lucian .
WiLLiAjr resides on the farm in Lost Creek
Valley ; he married Jennie Hamlin, oldest
daughter of Dr. Philo Hamlin. Their family is
composed of six children living, named as fol-
lows in the order of their ages : William, James,
Andrew, Ella, Philo and Jennie; Anna May
died in infancy.
Daniel Stuart is a Presbyterian minister
of reputation, now past<jr of a church in Apple-
ton, Wis.
John is an attorney in the town of Indiana,
Indiana County, Pa. ; is married to Ella Wilson,
of Monongahela City, Washington Countv, Pa.
They have two children — Willie and Anna.
Lucian is a physician, residing in Mifllin-
town.'
There are many other families, who were res-
idents in this territory before 1800, of whom
much naight be said, but it is impossible to men-
tion all, and it has been the intention to mention
the most prominent.
Schools. — Oue of the earliest school-houses
in the township \vas built about 1800, on the
Elias Horning property. A log house was built
■ibout 1810, on the line of Samuel Thomas'
and Howe's farm. It was built by subscrip-
tions of the ueighbore, and was calleil a Union
school-house. Among the eiirly teachers were
William ISIcCoy, James Cummings, Jame*
Mathers and John Pnrdy, who taught the last
school there about 1820. Dr. Cunningham,
about 1810, taught school in a log house in
Ha])py Hollow. In an altercation with one of
his pupils one of his eyes was gougctl out and
he did not remain long after this occurrence.
Andrew Banks taught in the house in 181-")-16.
John Knox and ^\'illia^l Banks were teachers
about 1820.
' The above sketch of the Banks faiuily was wriiten by a
friend.
832
JUNIATA .AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The Pine Grove school-house was built of
stone, by the neighbors, each contributing work
or material, about 1815. James Cummings,
Charles B. Meklrum and Jacob A. Christy were
early teachers. It was used many years as a
preaching place for the Methodists, until the
church was built.
At Big Run a school was taught by James
Butler, Thomas Henderson and Samuel Craw-
ford.
In 1838 the directors of tiie township, imder
the school law, established six schools, as fol-
lows :
No. 1. Mifflintown, two schools.
No. 2. Near Judge Daniel Christy.
No. 3. On Big Run, near Thomas McCurdy.
No. 4. Near John Horning.
No. 5. Adolphus Reynolds".
No. G. Near J. Renno's.
In the summei' of 1873 a brick school-
house, twenty-eight by thirty -six, was built near
Cuba Mills at a cost of one thousand eight hun-
dred dollars.
The old house and lot were sold at Ilorning-
ton in the spring of 1 880, and the present brick
house, twenty-four by forty, was erected.
The school-houses in the township are at
present known as Cuba Mills, Arch Rock, (for-
merly Hornington), Happy Hollow, Big Run,
Renno and Slim Valley — at which two hundred
and eighty-five pupils attend.
Pine Grove Methodist Episcopal
Church. — In the vicinity of what is now Jer-
icho, over half a century ago, were several fami-
lies inclined toward the faith of the INIethodists,
of whom were Samuel Reynolds, Henry G. Hcs-
ser, Joseph Cummings, Thomas Shorthill. Ser-
vices were held by itinerant ministers in the old
stone school house for several years, and about
1828 a stone church edifice was built. Among
the early preachers were Henry G. Fearing,
Wesley Howe, Thomas and Tanne-
hill. The station was under the charge of the
Baltimore Conference for many years, and later
under the Pennsylvania Conference. It is still
on the circuit and in charge with Thompson-
town, Salem and Pfoutz Valley. The old
church was entirely remodeled in 1857, and re-
paired in 1858, and re-dedicated September 22d
in that year.
CHAPTER XVI.
FAYETTE TOWNSHIP.
At the December term of the Juniata County
Court, in 1833, a petition was presented, asking
for a new township to be formed from Ferman-
agh and Greenwood. Whereupon the court ap-
pointed James Hughes, George Gilliford and
Alexander Patterson as viewers, who, in ac-
cordance with the order, laid out the proposed
new township and reported to the court on
March 24, 1834.
This report was confirmed at a court held
December 4, 1834, and the new to-wnship was
named "Fayette."
It is bounded by West Perry township on
the north, Monroe on the east, Delaware and
Walker on the south, and Fermanagh town-
ship on the west.
Early Settlements. — The first settlers in
tliis locality were designated as living on the
North, the Middle or the South Forks, which
unite and form the Lost Creek, near Jericho. In
early days the region of country near the con-
fluence of these forks, and above it, was known
as " the Lo.st Creek settlement." Conjectures
ai'e many and stories various as to how the
creek obtained its name. It is mentioned in a
receipt given by Edmund Physick, in charge of
the Land-Office, to William Armstrong, and
dated February 6, 1755, which makes it certain
that the name was known in Philadelphia be-
fore tliat time. The following statement is by
Robert McMeen, of Mifflint(jwu, and is the
most reasonable of the traditions :
"As early as the year 174!) the first white men who
visited the east end of what is now Juniata County
came up the north bank of the Juniata River, or
possibly by canoe on the water of that stream. They
had doubtless heard of the friendly Indians of the
Cedar Springs, and of their being the principal source
of the D. O. Run. They, therefore, kept the course
of the river till they came to the mouth of D. O. Run.
They took the course of this stream and came easily
to the Cedar Springs. From this point they explored
the surrounding country, and passing the ridge about
half a mile north from Cedar Springs, came upon the
creek.
"This party returned to Harris' Ferry, &c., without
having made any settlements. When the secured ex-
JUNIATA COUNTY.
833
ploring party came, composed in part, doubtless, of
the first, they, by mist;ike, left the river at the mouth
of Delaware Run, and soon became involved in the
labyrinth of t-teep ridges and deep vales which lie
between the river and the beautiful Lost Creek Val-
ley. ' They wearied themselves ' to find the creek,
but in vain,and returned to the settlements east of the
Susquehanna. The failure to find the valley and
creek were discussed and it was determined rightly
that the second party had left the river too soon, and
the next season a third scouting party came up, took
the course of the first party, arrived at Cedar Springs,
pressed north and eastward and found the Lost Creek.
It has borne this name in the earliest land war-
rants issued, viz., those of February, 1755, and that
lovely and fertile valley having a pretty uniform
width of two miles, bounded on the west by Shade
Mountain, on the south by Cedars Spring Ridge, on
the east by the Ridge at McAlisterville.and sweeping
westward eight miles to the Juniata River, at Miffliu-
town, is called Lost Creek Valley."
Tlie reader is referred to the article on "Tax-
able Industries" in Greenwood and Fermanagh
townships for the early mills and other interests
of Fayette.
There were four tracts of land, close together,
tliat were taken up, February 3, 1755, by Will-
iam Giltnockey, William Armstrong, John Ir-
win (now Washington McAlister's) and David
Hope (Mitchell farm, now Benjamin Shellenber-
ger's). The Giltnockey tract is that part of Mc-
Alisterville east of the alley between Dr. Weid-
raan's office and Isaac T. McAlister's dwell-
ing. It passed to Hugh Watts, and, later, to Peter
Springer, who patented it May 20, 1812. He
resided where Judge Jacob Smith now lives,
and, about 1840, sold part of the tract to Jacob
Suchnian. William Armstrong located a tract,
most of it on warrant also dated February 3,
1755, an account of which will be found in the
sketch of McAlisterville. Samuel Mitchell and
Hugh McAlister, Scotchmen, residing south of
the Blue Ridge, after the opening of the New
Purchase, started out to explore the country,
with a view of selecting a site on which to set-
tle. They crossed the Juniata and passed be-
yond where James Patterson had located, at
Mexico, and came into what was known as Lost
Creek Valley, and decided to remain thei'e.
William Giltnockey, William Armstrong, Ed-
ward Armstrong, John Irwin, David Hoge and
others had already located lauds in this valley.
63
There were two tracts, that lay adjoining each
other, that they selected, at that time owned by
John Irwin and David Hoge, and which were
warranted February 3, 1755. Hugh McAlister
purchased the tract of John Irwin, which is
shown in the draft of the Hoge or Mitchell
tract as lying .south of it. The following is the
text of the deed as given by David Hoge to
Samuel Mitchell :
" Know all men by these presents, that I, David
Hoge, of the County of Cumberland, yeoman, for
and in consideration of the sum of four pounds, ten
shillings, to me in hand paid by Samuel Mitchell, of
said county, have granted, bargained and sold my
improvement on a claim and right to claim to a cer-
tain improvement and tract of land lying on the East
branch of Lost Creek, bounded on the east by land
named to William Armstrong, on the south by a
small ridge, the line between it and John Erwin's
land, and to the westward and northward by Bar-
rens. In witness whereof I have set my hand and
seal this 22nd day of July, 1756.
" David Hoge.
"Jonathan Hoge, witness present.''
The above-described tract is said to have
been the first on which any white person settled
in the valley.
Samuel Mitchell settled upon his improvement,
but was driven off, as were all the settlers, in
1756, and returned to Carlisle or Sherman's
Valley. He returned again in 1703, and, after
getting settled, was again compelled to leave
with his family, and did not return until 17GG,
from which time he, with others who had deter-
mined to settle here, remained. In August,
1766, he took out two warrants, for ninety acres
and one hundred and two acres. He was one of
the settlers, in May, 1780, who organized to
protect the frontiers. He died in 1783, and in
1793 his widow is mentioned as owning the
land he had purchased.
Their children were William, Robert, Jeannet
and Nancy. William married, in 1796, Nancy,
, a daughter of Major Hugh jNIcAlister. She
] died in child-birth in December, 1797, and is
I buried in the Lost Creek Presbyterian Church-
yard. The property later passed to David
Myers, by whom it was left to his son Samuel
and is now owned by Benjamin Shellenberger.
That portion of his land that was taken up
in 1766 lies between Benjamin Shellenberger
834
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
and the town of McAlisterville, and in time
jinssed to Nicholas Myers and to his son David,
and finally to John Miisser, who now owns it.
The tract of John Irwin, adjoining the Hoge
tract, which was sold to Samuel Mitchell in
1756, was soon after sold to Hngh McAlister.
He was of Scotch-Irish descent. His father
was Hugh McAlister, who emigrated from the
north of Ireland to this country in 1730, and
married a Miss Harbison. They had three
sous — John, Hugh and William. John settled
early in 1755 in Sherman's Valley, and Hugh
and William both settled in Lost Creek Valley.
Hugh McAlister, Jr., settled upon his laud in
1756. He joined the foi'ces of Captain Forbes,
and served faithfully until the close of the Indian
Iiostilities which theu resulted from the con-
spiracy of Pontiac. The families then living in
Ijost Creek were again compelled to flee to
Sherman's Valley, Carlisle and other places of
safety, where their friends were congregated in
greater numbers. At this time several of the
men of the settlement were out with the forces of
Captain Forbes. These families of McAlister,
Mitchell and others buried their pots and ket-
tles, and taking the few things they could carry
and tying packages upon their cattle, slowly
and painfully made their way to Sherman's
Valley and joined their friends.
Hugh McAlister and his brother William
were, in 1776, enlisted in Captain John Hamil-
ton's forces, which joined Washington's forces the
day after the capture of the Hessians at Tren-
ton. Hugh was successively promoted to be
lieutenant, captain and major. At the close of
the war he was in command of the forces sta-
tioned at Potter's Fort (now Centre County),
and commanded an expedition sent to punish
the Indians for depredations committed near
Great Island (now Lock Haven) at the close of
the Revolution, and settled ujjon his farm and
lived peacefully the remainder of his days. He
died September 22, 1810, aged .seventy-four
years, and his wife, Sarah, died July 6, 1802.
The children of Hugh and Sarah McAlister
were Robert, Hugh, John, William, Nancy and
Polly.
• Robert married Elizabeth Thompson and
settled in Tuscarora Valley ; Hugh, the second
son, married Catharine Elliot, March 12, 1795,
and lived on the homestead. His wife, Catha-
rine, died July 16, 1811. He established a
store in McAlistertown, as it was then called,
and, in 1817, moved into the new brick house
he then built, and where he lived till his death,
July 16, 1843, aged seventy-four.
Their children were John E., Sally N., Jane
H., Hugh T., Elizabeth E. and James Sharon.
John E. settled on the farm, for several years
kept tavern in the stone house and moved to a
farm north of McAlisterville, where he died.
He has two sons living, — Russell, in Philadel-
phia, and James, in Harrisburg. Sally N.
married William Richards, and, in 1840,
moved to Illinois. Jane H. married John
North, and lived at McAlisterville. He died
there and Mrs. North is still living, eighty-four
years of age. Of their sons, Calvin B. resides
at Selinsgrove ; Hugh McA. is an attorney at
Columbia, Lancaster County; and Edmund D.
is an attorney at Lancaster City.
Elizabeth E. became the wife of Robert C.
Moore and settled in Walker township, where
she still resides.
Hugh T. married Julia Ann Alexander, and
settled in McAlisterville many years as a
farmer. He was the first justice of the peace
appointed iu Juniata County. He is still living
and is eighty-one years of age.
James Sharon, the youngest son of Hugh
and Catharine Mcxllister, died in 1872, aged
sixty-three years.
John, the third son of Hugh and Sarah Mc-
Alister, married Polly Lyttle, and settled on a
farm adjoining the old McAlister and Bole
farms. He left two children, — Hugh and Polly ;
the latter married William Moore and settled
over the ridge at Van Wert. Mrs. Dr. Henry
Harshbarger is a daughter of Hugh.
William McAlister, known as Judge, married
Sarah Thompson, and settled on the original
McAlister farm, where he died December 21,
1847, aged seventy-three years. He served in
the War of 1812, and Avas for many years an
associate judge of Juniata County. His wife
survived him until March, 1862, when she
died in her seventy-ninth year. Of their chil-
dren, Hugh Nelson became prominent as an at-
JUNIATA COUNTY.
835
torney iu Bellefonte ; George W. is now on the
homestead ; General Roliert, prominent in the
late war, lives in New Jersey ; Thompson set-
tled in Ohio for a time, later in Virginia,
where he died ; Jane, a daughter, married Da-
vid Banks, whose sons are William and Dr.
Lucian Banks ; Elizabeth married David
Stewart (they settled in the neighborhood,
died there, and are buried in the Lost Creek
Presbyterian burial-ground).
Nancy, a daughter of Hugh and Sarah Mo-
Alister, married William Mitchell, the sou of
Samuel Mitchell, who settled on an adjoining
farm at the same time her father located on the
.Tohn Erwin tract. She died in December, 1797,
in child-birth, and left a daughter, who reached
maturity, married and moved West, and the
old Mitchell farm passed to David Myers.
Mary, the youngest daughter of Hugh and
Sarah MoAlister, married John Allen, who set-
tled in Northumberland County (now Colum-
bia County), where their descendants now are.
W^illiam McAlister, a younger brother of
Major Hugh, came to this section of country in
1766, with his brother and others, on their re-
turn to their farms after the Indian troubles
had ceased. He settled on a tract at the head
of the Cocolamus, which was taken up by John
Gallagher, June 4, 1762. William McAlister
purchased, in 1766, and in the same year ob-
tained an order of survey for, a tract called
" Addition." In 1812 he obtained a warrant
for seventy-three acres south and west. He
also purchased other tracts of land in the
neighborhood. On the Gallagher tract he set-
tled, and, June 30, 1772, married Sarah Thomp-
son. He joined Captain John Hamilton's
company during the Revolution. Before leav-
ing home he made his will, dated December 2,
1776, leaving his estate to his wife, Sarah, and
only son, Hugh, then three years old. He went
to the army and returned in safety. He cut
his name out of the will he had written with
his own hand. It is now in the possession of
John B. ]\IcAlister, his grandson. He was one
of the party who gathered May 21, 1780, to
organize to protect the frontier. In 1789 he
built at the place now known as Brown's Mills
a grist-mill, saw-mill and distillery, and in
1790 was assessed on one hundred and fifty
acres of land, the mills, distillery and a slave.
He lived at the farm until his death, July 7,
1819, aged seventy-four yciirs; his wife, Sarah,
having died a few yeai-s previous. The grist-
mill was burned in later years, and rebuilt by
John ISIcAlister. It was about one mile below
the Mansion House, and later was sold by the
McAlisters to the Stitzer Brothers, who sold
the property to Peter Brown, who now owns it
and also keeps a store at the place.
William McAlister built a fulling-mill on the
main road, at what is now Cocolamus, in 1S14,
which was completed, however, by his son ^^'il-
liam, who fitted it up for fulling and put in card-
ing-machines. Robert McCulley and John
Sudrich were fullers at the mill in its early days.
The mill was torn down in 1848 and a tannery
built, which was run by John ISIcAlister until
1862. It is now owned by John Schell. The
children of W^illiam and Sarah McAlister were
Hugh, 1773, died young; William, 1780;
John, 1782; Isaac, 1784; Mary, 1786; and
Robert, 1788. William married Polly Mc-
Culley. He wa.s a surveyor, and settled on the
north part of the farm. AV'illiam H. and John
B. McAlister of McAlisterville, are his sons.
John married Jane Thomjison and settled on
the west part of the tract. He was for manv
years a justice of the peace, and an elder of Lost
Creek Presbyterian Church. J. Hutchinson
McAlister, of Mifflintown, is his son. He lived
several years on the home-farm. It is now
owned by John Shelley. A daughter Sarah,
married John Stitzer, and settled for several
years in Snyder County, where he, with his
brother, purchased the jNIc^^listor mill property,
and resided there until sold toPetcr Brown.
Isaac McAlister married Eleanor Wilson, and
moved to Ohio. Mary, a daughter of William
IMcAlister, the elder, married Thomas Bell and
settled in Pittsburgh, where their descendants
are numerous. Robert, the youngest, married
Mary Crawford and settleil on the old ^\'illiam
McAlister tract and died there. His sou, J,
Allen McAlister, now owns it. Isiiac, another
.son, is a merchant in McAlisterville.
The greater part of the Giltnockey tract lay
east of MeAlistertown. Part of it was boujrht
836
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
by Hugh Watt in 1779. After his death it was
bought of his heirs, Jeau and Hugh, by Peter
Springer, who settled where Jacob Smith now
lives. It was divided in 1813. Pai't was laid
out into village lots in McAlistertown ; the rest
. was sold, part to Jacob Such man. Peter Springer
left three daughters, — Nancy (]\Irs. David Lan-
dis), Catharine (Mrs. Samuel Shirk), Elizabeth
(Mrs. Andrew Zehner or Seiner).
Peter Springer, in 1829, owned a tract which
was granted, August 12, 1766, to John Quigley,
and later sold to Nicholas Mj'ers. This tract
was sold by Springer to Joseph Sellers, February
10, 1829, who built thereon a stone mill, and
sold it to George Roth rock, October 23, 1834.
It now belongs to Samuel Gayman. Peter
Springer owned other lands adjoining Dr.
Thomas Whiteside's land, and in other parts of
the township also. A part of the Giltnockey
tract was sold by William Giltnockey to Colonel
George Armstrong, who, December 24, 1762,
conveyed to Alexander Armstrong, who sold to
his sou James. Alexander Armstrong also
owned a tract adjoining east, which was
granted on an order of survey September
12, 1766. It was sold in 1774 to James
Jamison.
John Shellenberger came to this county from
Switzerland and settled near what is now Rich-
field. He had sons — John, Peter and David.
In 1792, John Shellenberger, Jr., was assessed
on two hundred acres and Peter on two hundred
acres. These sons settled near Richfield, where
their descendants still live. David Shellenberger
was then a single man. He was born in 1770
and moved with his father to the farm on
Avhich Bunkertown is now located, and which
John afterwards purchased. John Shellenber-
ger, Sr., was a clock-maker, and had learned the
trade in Switzerland. He worked at the trade
here, and a clock of his manufacture, with his
name across the dial, is in the possession of
Enoch Shellenberger, a great-grandson. He
lived several years after 1800. David built the
stone house now owned by George Martin.
David died in 1862, ninety-eight years of age.
He left several children, of whom were John,
David, Anna, Isaac, Christian and Jacob. Of
these Christian is the only one living. David,
the father, built a tannery about 1810, which
was conducted by himself and son John for
many years and abandoned about eight years
ago, Noah Smith being the last to run it. Of
the daughters of John Shellenberger, Sr., Cath-
arine became the wife of Peter Evey and settled
in this township, where he had warranted a
tract of land ; Maria married Christian Grabel,
son of John Grabel, who laid out the town of
Richfield in 1818.
The names of Hugh, James, William and
Samuel Sharon appear in Fermanagh very early.
Of these, Samuel only settled in what is now
Fayette township. He was not a brother of the
others, and may have been a cousin. He first
appears upon the assessment roll in 1770 as a
single fiirmer, andj in 1771 is assessed on one
hundred acres of land, and in 1773 on fifty
acres, a horse and cow. He had seven children,
who were born between 1773 and 1792, — Sarah,
James, Ann, Sarah, Samuel, Robert and William.
James was born in 1775, became a Presbyterian
minister, who settled in Dauphin County. Ann,
born in February, 1778, became the wife of Jo-
seph Sellers and settled at the old Hamilton
mill, now the property of Robert Humphrey,
in Delaware township. Sarah, the second of the
name, the first dying when an infant, was born
in July, 1782, and married William Shedden.
Samuel, born February 23, 1785, married Sarah
Davis, a daughter of Joshua Davis, of Slim
Valley. Robert, born in 1789, died young.
William, the youngest son, was born March 2,
1792. He married Susan Davis, sister of Sarah
Davis, the wife of Samuel.
Samuel Sharon was settled in the vicinity
soon after his marriage. He was active with
the frontiersmen in 1780. He was executor of
the will of Samuel Mitchell, who died in 1783.
The tract of land on which he lived the later
years of his life was warranted by him July 9,
1787, and was patented August 22, 1809. He
was a justice of the peace many 3'ears and died
about 1815. The property was held in common
by Samuel and William as the homestead until
1843, when it was divided and Samuel retained
the mansion-house and north part and William
the south part. The mansion farm now belongs
to Henry Smith. He died about 1862, and his
JUNIATA COUNTY.
8:;7
sons were in the army and served througli the
war, after which tliey sold the farm and moved
to Davis County, Iowa. A daughter resides in
Sunbury, aud one in Bloomsburg, in this State.
William built upon and settled upon the south
part of the farm. He was elected to the Legis-
lature in 1830, and served in the years 1831,
1832 and 1833, and again in 1851. He died
in 1858. Mrs. William Sharon resides in Mc-
Alisterville, with her son, William W. Sharon.
Her daughter, Mrs. Mary Adams, resides with
them. The farm is now in possession of Abra-
ham Sieber.
James Jamison, a Scotchman, settled on the
farm lately owned by Henry Sieber, and now
by Jacob Witmer. This tract was adjoining
William Giltnockey. It was warranted by Jam-
ison May 2G, 1773. The next year he pur-
chased two hundred and sixty-four acres of land
adjoining, which was granted on au order of
survey to Alexander Armstrong, September 12,
1766. He died a few years after his settlement
here, devising his property to his only son, John,
by will, dated in March, 1776.
The stone house now owned by -Jacob Witmer
was on the old homestead. John married Sarah,
a daughter of John Watson, who lived at Mif-
fliutown. His sons were John, D. Montgom-
ery, William, Robert W. and Edmund L., Han-
nah (Mrs. Judson Hunt), Margaret (Mrs.
David McClure) and Sarah L. (Mrs. Anderson
Martin).
Montgomery settled on the homestead tract
and was at one time sheriff of the county. Wil-
liam resided with him. Robert W. located
three miles east, at the foundry and mill prop-
erty which he bought of Joseph Van Ormer.
Eklmund L. settled on part of the homestead.
Mrs. ISIcClure settled at Lewistown, Mrs. jNIar-
tin at Tuscarora Valley and Mrs. Hunt on part
of her father's farm. Montgomery, Edmund L.
and Mrs. Plunt are still living.
The name of Martin appears first in the as-
sessment roll of 1767, when William owns one
hundred acres of land, three acres cleared, and
a horee and cow. In 1768 James appears, with
fifty acres and a horse. In 1770 the name of
David Martin first appears, and without land,
and in 1771, David, William, John aud James
Martin are each assessed on one hundred acres
and a horse and a cow. On the 5th of March,
1774, David Martin took out a warrant for a
tract at what is now known as "Good-will,"
which later he conveyetl to James Martin, who
sold it to John Shellenberger, about 1785.
David Martin married Grazella, the sister of
Robert McMeen, and resided in this section
until after 1792, upon other lands he owned.
Joseph Bogle, in 1771, owned two hundred
acres, and in 1772 was living here and had
two horses and two cows, and in 1775 Andrew
Bogle appears as owning a horse and cow.
In 1779, Joseph Bogle bought the William
Armstrong tract, and in the same year sold it
to William Stewart. The names of Bogle dis-
appear from the tax-list in 1779.
The land on which Oakland Mills is situated
was warranted to IMichael Stuhi, June 2, 1774,
and about 1783 came into possession of John
Hamilton, who is also mentioned as owning
lands in the vicinity of the Purdys, Sharons,
Banks, Lintners and Moores. This tract came
in 1798 to James Alricks, who married his
daughter Martha, and settled there. The log
grist-mill stood a short distance above the
present saw-mill.
Upon this place they lived until 1815, when
he sold the property to James Banks, who kept
it until about 1828 and conveyedittoDr.Tiiomas
Whiteside, of Harrisburgh. James Alricks
removed to Harrisburg, where he engaged in
business, and in 1820 was clerk of Quarter
Sessions, and afterwards a magistrate. His de-
scendants are living in that city. He died
October 28, 1833, aged sixty-four years. His
wife, Martha, died March 16, 1830, aged fifty-
four 3'ears. Dr. Thomas Whiteside practiced
medicine in the surrounding country and erected
the present stone mill in 1830. He was very
active in educational mattei-s. He married Jane
Alexander, daughter of Andrew Mitchell, whose
wife was the widow of John Hamilton.
Dr. Thomas Whiteside remained at Oakland
]\Iills until March, 1842, when financial diffi-
culty led him to assign the property to Andrew
Parker and Edmund L. Doty, who conveywl it
to Samuel Thomjison. It remained in possession
of the Thompson family until April, 1856, when
833
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
it was sold by Robert Thompson to Lucian,
James B. and Hngh L. Wilson. It is now
owned by Lucian and James B., Hugh L. hav-
ing retired a farm in Walker township.
Dr. Thomas Whiteside moved to Millerstown,
and died June 27, 1845.
Michael Bashore came to this connty in 1802,
and bought land in what is now Delaware town-
ship (now owned by Mrs. Robert M. Thompson),
Avhich he sold ; he then bought land in Lost
Creek Valley, now Fa3'ette Co., where his sons
David and Michael were born, and from where
most of the family in this section descended.
Solomon and David Bashore lived on the tract.
David died May 12, 1880, aged seventy-one.
His children were Andrew, Michael, David,
Solomon, John and Peter and two daughters,
Mrs. Amos Stouffer and Mrs. Calvin Watts.
Michael resides on the Atkinson tract, better
known as the Funk tract, in AValker township.
Andrew lives on the Cedar Spring road, in Fer-
managh township. Michael Bashore, son of
Michael and brother of David, lives in Fer-
managh township, on the road from Mifflin-
town to McAlisterville.
William Rannels purchased a tract of Robert
Wilson about 1793, where he resided many
years. It is now owned by Samuel Kinser and
others. Of his sons were Samuel and Curtis,
whose descendants are still living in this section.
Robert AVilson was born in Lancaster County,
and about 1789 came to Lost Creek and bought
a tract of land now owned by Samuel Kinser.
He sold this tract, about 1794, to William Ran-
nels, who resided upon it about fifty years. He
then purchased a tract of land, which was war-
ranted to James Dickey in 1769, and in 1793
Avas owned by his son, Nathaniel ; upon this land
he lived until his death, in 1840, aged seventy-
one years.
The home fiirm was sold to Michael Brubaker,
and is now in part owned by Isaac Shellenber-
ger. The children of Robert Wilson were
Hugh, Sarah, Elizabeth and Jane and .
Hugh married Martha, a daughter of James
Banks. He was for a time with James Alricks,
ill Harrisburg, but in 1835 began the mercan-
tile business in McAlisterville, and continued till
bis death, in 1857. His sons, James B. and
Hugh L. Wilson, continued the business for a
time. Lucian and James B. Wilson, sons of
Robert, are now in possession of Oakland Mills,
and Hugh L. resides in Walker township. Of
the daughters of Robert Wilson, Sarah became
the wife of William Crozier, Elizabeth married
Samuel McMeen, a daughter married William
Meloy and Jane remained single.
Epenetus Hart, an Englishman, was a resi-
dent here in 177(5, and in 1778 took out his
warrant for one hundred and fifty acres of land.
He was in sympathy with the settlers who
organized for the protection of the frontiers in
May, 1 780, as his name appears among them.
In 1786 he built on the place a distillery, which
he continued as long as he lived there. On the
6th of November, 1787, he warranted a tract of
one hundred and ninety-seven acres of land in
Beaver Dam township (now Beaver, Union
County), adjoining other lands of which he was
in possession and lands of Ale.'iander and Mar-
garet Armstrong. On the same date he also war-
ranted a tract of land (one hundred and twenty
acres) in what is now Walker township, and
which in 1827 was owned by Michael Bashore.
On the 7th of April, 1791, he sold the tract on
which he lived to Robert McMeen, who came
from old settled parts of Cumberland County,
where his family had for many years been prom-
inent. He was a single man at the time, but
soon after married Margaret, a sister of Samuel
Curran, whose father, William, had located
near Cedar Spring.
Edward Armstrong was granted a tract of
two hundred and thirty-nine acres and allow-
ance adjoining the tract of William Armstrong,
his brother. He died a few years later without
issue, and in order to perfect the title to sell the
lands, deeds were obtained from the heirs, broth-
ers and sisters of Edward Armstrong, — viz. :
John and William Armstrong, Rebecca, the wife
of Colonel John Armstrong, and Margaret, the
wife of the Rev. George Duffield — and the tract
was sold to James Dickey, November 1, 1771.
Upon his death it passed by will, dated April
7, 1783, to his son, Nathaniel Dickey, who,
November 5, 1795, conveyed it to David Bole,
of Pfoutz Valley (now Perry County). A por-
tion of this land passed to William Shaw.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
839
Thomas Bole, son of David, settled upon the
j)lace and upon the death of his father, in 1824,
he inherited it, and in 1840 sold it to William
McMeen, who lived upon it and died in 1873.
The property came to James N. McMeeu, whose
heirs now own it. The tract was patented as
" Green Park."
The name of Epenetus Hart is not found in
the records of the county from the time of the
sale, in 1 791, and he probably moved to his lands
in Beaver Dam township. Robert McMeen
lived upon his farm until his death, in 1818,
aged fifty-two years. His wife, Margaret, sur-
vived until 1827, when she died, aged seventy-
three years. They are buried in the Cedar
Spring burial-ground. Their children were
Josiah, William, Samuel, Eleanor and Mar-
garet. Josiah settled on the Samuel Vines
tract, at Van Wert. William married Mar-
garet, a daughter of General James Banks, and
settled on the h<miestead, where he lived until
1840, w'hen he sold the farm to Michael Yoder,
and it is now owned by the estate of Ed-
mund S. Doty. William McMeen then pur-
chased the farm, April 22, 1840, on the south
fork of Lost Creek, which lies south of McAl-
isterville (known as the Edward Armstrong
tract). Upon this place William MciSIeen lived
until his death, December 9, 1873. He devised
the farm to his youngest son, James N. Mc-
Meen, who died in 1883, leaving a widow,
Catharine S. McMeen, and seven children, who
now own it. One hundred acres of the tract
were sold, April 4, 1855, to Jacob Smith, and
are now owned by John INIusser.
Hugh Watt purchased a part of the Giltnock-
ey tract in 1779, and lived upon it. He wits
the contractor to build the Lost Creek Presby-
terian Church in 1800. He sold the land ou
which he lived to Peter Springer. He left sons —
Hugh, Thomas and John— and daughters —
Jean and Kebecca. They all moved away.
The tract lying west of the William Arm-
strong tract (now the site of McAlisterville), in
1792 belonged to Hugh jNIcElroy. It is not
known by whom it was warranted. Soon after
this year he sold it to Nicholas Myers, who
came from Ohio, and became a speculator of
lands in this section. He sold seventy acres of
it to Michael Myers, of Berks County, in 1812.
On the 7th of May, 1809, he purchased tiiirty
acres of land of Hugii McAlister, Sr., which was
a part of the old Mitchell tract. The tract lie
sold to Myers he bought in the sjiring of 1819,
and in the .same year sold the one hundred acres
to John Musser. Nicholas Myers resided part
of the time in the house he built in 1807, where
'Squire Dunn now lives, which land he bought
of Peter Springer ; before that in a house which
stood where John Musser's brick house now
stands, and in a house northeast, on part of his
land. The Rev. David Myers was his .son, and
bought the old Mitchell farm west of where his
father lived (now .John Musser). His children
were Samuel, of Lewistown, Dr. Seth F., Mrs.
G. W. McAlister and Mrs. Dr. A. J. Fisher.
John Musser came from Lebanon County in
1815, and bought a tract of land southeast of
McAlisterville and .settled upon it, which was
patented by James Harris in 1805. His sons
were .John, David, ^Martin, Christian and Isaac.
Martin and Isaac moved to the ^V^est ; David
settled ou the homestead, two miles southciist
from McAlisterville, where his son David njw
lives; John purchased, in 1819, one huudreil
acres of land of Nicholas Myers, where his son,
John Musser, now lives ; Christian settled on
part of the glebe lands of the Cedar Spring con-
gregation, which he bought about 1824, and
where his son John now lives.
The tract of land owned by Reuben Leonard
and Mrs. Samuel Leonard was granted, on order
of survey No. 490G, April 5, 1768, to William
Oliver, and later came to John Book, and, in
time,' to Thomas Leonard, who left it to his two
sons, Samuel and Reuben.
Jonathan Kearsley, in 17G7, owned one hur.-
dred and fifty acres, which, in 1775, was owned
by John Kearsley. It later came to Thomas
Leonard, and is now part of the estate.
About 1780, Richard Dunn settled on the
ridge south of McAlisterville, partly in Dela-
ware and Fayette townships, which later he pur-
chased and where he died. His sons were
Thomas, William, Richard, James, Samuel and
Alexander. Thomas settled at MiddJetown,
below Harrisburg, as a miller. William and
Samuel livetl and died near the homestead.
810
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Richard settled in Thompsontown. James
tano;ht school and owned a farm, now owned by
William Rannels, in Fayette township. Wil-
liam Dnnn, a son of James, taught school in
his younger days, became a surveyor, and is
now justice of the peace in McAHsterville.
Other sons of James settled in the vicinity.
John Pauly, in 1766, took up a warrant for
a tract of land on Cocolamus Creek, near Leis-
rer's saw-mill. Thomas Pauly, as hisadministi-a-
tor, in 1808, sold it to David Longenecker, who
patented it in 1837. He sold it in 1838, to
John Heira, who, in 1842, conveyed it to Wil-
liam Sellers.
John Lauver, a son of Michael Lauver, war-
ranted a tract of seventy-two acres of land May
17, 1794, which was patented February 23,
1796, as "Park Gate." He built there a log
blacksmith-shop and dwelling, which, when he
bought a lot in 1810 in McAHsterville, he tore
down and moved into the new town. The land
is near Smith's grist-mill.
Slim Valley lies on the north side of the
township and south of Shade Mountain. One
of the first settlers in the valley was Leifert
Houghawout, who lived at the head of one of
the branches of Lost Creek. His sons were
Peter and John, who settled near there for a
time and emigrated to the West.
Joseph Woods, an old Revolutionary soldier,
settled along the mountain and lived there many
years. A large tract of land along the moun-
tain was claimed by parties who lived in Phil-
adelphia. It was surveyed and the people who
had settled upon it were obliged to move off or
compromise. A few remained and Joseph
Woods, with others, vacated the premises.
Samuel Von Ormer located in Slim Valley
before 1800, where he cleared land and built a
log house. His sons were John, Amos, Charles
and Joseph. The latter is living in the neigh-
borhood and is now about ninety-four years of
age and the oldest person in the township.
Joshua Davis, in 1804, came from Chester
County to Union County and settled in Butfalo
township, where Mishael Lincoln, the brother
of his wife, lived. In 1812 he came to Slim
Valley and bought one hundred and fifty acres
of David Watt, of Carlisle, at the gap, west of
Samuel Van Ormer, where George Trego now
lives. He died in 1828. Of his children,
James lived in McAHsterville and was justice
of the peace many years ; Sarah married Sam-
uel Sharon, and Susan married William Sharon,
his brother. She is living with her son and
daughter at McAHsterville and is ninety-two
years of age.
Lost Cefek Presbyterian Congrega-
tion.— The history of the Cedar Spring con-
gregation, of which this was originally a part,
will be found in the history of the Mifflintown
congregation until 1797, when this society be-
came a separate congregation, but under the
same pastorate and retaining the same property
rights in Cedar Spring glebe lands and its pro-
ceeds until the separation, in June, 1875. The
account of the pastors will be found in the sketch
of the Mifflin congregation.
The movement to effect a separate congregation
was made in 1796—97. Major Hugh McAlisler
and David Boles each donated a plat of ground
from their farms adjoining. These two plats
were surveyed, by request of the trustees, by
William Harris, of Mifflintown, June 27, 1797,
and contained one hundred and forty-three
perches. Soon after this time an agreement
was entered into with Hugh Watt to erect a
hewed-log church.
The first official mention of the Lost Creek
congregation is found in the records of the Hun-
tingdon Presbytery, October 2, 1799, when Lost
Creek and Cedar Spring congregation requested
permission to apply to Carlisle for supplies,
which was granted.
The first pastor was Rev. Matthew Brown,
who was called to be the pastor November 10,
1801. He was installed by the Presbytery in
April, 1802. He remained until March 20, 1805,
when he resigned to take charge of a church in
Washington, Pa. The Rev. John Hutcheson
was called October 1, 1805, and was ordained
at the Lost Creek Church April 15, 1806. He
remained as pastor until his death, November
11, 1844. The Rev. Mathew Allison suc-
ceeded him, having received a call to become
pastor March 26, 1845, which he accepted, and
was installed the folloM'ing April. He remained
pastor until his death, July 8, 1872. The Rev.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
841
T. J. Shcrrard became an assistant in 1871, and
after the death of the Rev. Mr. Allison, became
the pastor. He resigned Aj)!-!! 15, 1875, and
accepted a call from the Mifflin congregation,
which had then become separated. From that
time to the jjresent the Lost Creek congregation
have been served by supplies.
After the building of the new church, in 1800,
the old Cedar Spring Church was mostly aban-
doned and several years later was taken down.
The glebe lands were sold at various times, in
parcels, and the proceeds divided between the
Lost Creek and Mifflin congregations, the last
laud having been sold about 1828.
Upon a strongly expressed desire on the part
of the Mifflin congregation and petition to the
Presbytery, and with a protest on the part of the
Lost Creek congregation, a division was made,
and the decision of the Presbytery was read by
the Rev. Samuel Laird on the morning of June
15, 1775, to the Lost Creek congregation, • and
in the evening.
The old log church answered its purpose
until about 1838, when it was decided to build
a new brick church. Contract was made with
William Crozier to do the work. The old
school-house, that then stood on the site of the
present church, was moved down to the foot of
the knoll, where it is now used for a tenant-
house. The old log church was used for a shop,
and, when the walls of the church were nearly
up, one morning, Avhen the men were at break-
fast in the old school-house, a crackling was
heard, and the old church was in flames, having
cauglit fire in some manner in the shavings. It
was impossible to extinguish it. The morning
wa^ foggy and the flames could not be seen from
McAlisterville. The shouting of the men and
the smell of the smoke, however, started the
citizens to the place; but it could not be saved.
Another church was erected, which has been
used to the present. About 1845 many catalpas
were set out around the church, which now form
a fine grove around the church building.
The burial-ground, at the south of the church,
contains the remains of many of the old families.
The earliest date now legible on a tombstone is of
Nancy Mitchell, wife of William Mitchell and
daughter of Major Hugh McAlistcr, who died
in December, 1797. The site was doubtless the
burial-place of the family of Major Hugh Mc-
Alister before the ground was selected for the
clnirch. The McAlisters, Sharons, Banks,
Mc^Icens and many others rest within its
limits.
Mennonite Meetixg-Hoitse. — The Men-
nonites in this section of the county built a
meeting house in the eastern part of old Green-
wood township, near Richfield, and about 1800
one was built of logs on the Cedar Spring road,
between McAlisterville and Mifflintown. About
1815 tlie lot was enlarged, and in 1872 a
brick meeting house was built in place of the
old one. The preachers are Jacob and William
Graybill.
German Baptist MEETiXG-HorsE. — The
Good-will German Baptist meeting-house was
built in 1841. Prior to that time services were
held in the house of David Shellenberger, who
was also a preacher. Solomon Kauffnian, An-
drew Bashore and Solomon Sieber are preachers
at present. This denomination is familiarly
known as the Brethren or Dunkers.
The Fayette Schools. — Probably tlie
earliest school-house in the limits of Fayette
township was situated on the road from Wash-
ington McAlister'sto Oakland ]\Iills, on land now
owned by Miss Martha Book. It stoofl in the
centre of the present road and was burned down
before 1800. Hugh McAlister, whodied in 1843,
was a pupil in that house. The old road ran
round the knoll on which the house stood. Wil-
liam Pclaw was one of the teachers there.
A log school-house Mas built on the Presby-
terian Church lot soon af\er the church was
built, in 1799. It was used until the present
church was built, and stood on its site. It was
then moved down to the foot of the bank and
was used as a boarding-place and dining-room
while building the present church, and is now
used as a tenant-house. Of later teachers there
were James Lytic and Robert ]\IcAlister. A
school-house was erected about 1800 near the
site of the Hoffman tannery.
Andrew Banks was a teacher in this house at
one time. Stephen George was a school teacher
about 1812. He owned a farm on Lost Creek,
about one and a half miles west of ^IcAlister-
842
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
ville, now owned by James Shillingford. George
Keller, also a teacher of later date, lived on this
place. He taught the Gei-man school in McAl-
isterville. In 1818 a school house was built
east of "McAlistcrtown," now in the town. A
fuller account of schools in that place will be
found in the sketch of McAlisterville. Dr.
Thomas Whiteside built a school-house in 1830
at Oakland Mills, which is still standing.
The school law passed in 1834, and Novem-
ber 4, 1834, delegates met in County Conven-
tion at the court-house to take measures to
carry out the provisions of the law. Fayette
accepted the provisions of the common-school
law of 1834 soon after its passage. Dr. Thomas
Whiteside, William McMeen, Judge William
McAlister and William Sharon were prominent
supporters of the system established by this law.
In 1838 David Kauifman, William Sharon,
William McMeen, Thomas Kinser, John Von
Ormer and Henry Hart were directors of the
township, and on the 6th day of January, 1838,
in consideration of one dollar, purchased of Dr.
Thomas Whiteside a tract of land containing
two thousand square feet, on which a school-
house was then erecited, and in the event of
changing the road, the directors were to have
the same amount of land, in a convenient loca-
tion, and move the house thereto.
The road was changed in later years, and
Robert Thompson, then owner of the land
(1852), conveyed to the school directors six
thousand square feet, on which the present
school-house stands. The old lot reverted to
the estate, and with the house is now owned by
Lucien and J. B. Wilson. A High School was
established in this house, and geography, gram-
mar and sur\'eying were taught by William
Knox, an Irishman, who was a fine mathemati-
cian. He was succeeded by Dr. Jones, a brother
of William Jones, who taught many years in the
county.
The German school-house, which was situated
west of and adjoining the original academy
tract at McAlisterville, was built on a lot pur-
chased of John Musser in 1827, and surveyed
March, 1761, and school was taught by Chris-
topher Clark, Benjamin Landis, George Keller,
William Dunn and others. Upon the building
of the present school-house, in 1855, this house
and the old one at the east end of the town was
abandoned, and the German school -house lot
was sold, March 26, 1856, to John Musser, the
original proprietor. Henry Lauver and Ben-
jamin Bashore were the first trustees. On the
8th of March, 1840, the school directors pur-
chased thirty perches of land of John Yoder,
on which to erect a school-house. It was situ-
ated below Brown's Mills, and was known as
Cold Brook. The school-house for that section
is now half a mile west. The Union School lot,
near Cocolamus, was bought September 29,
1860. The Red Bank school-house lot, near
Evandale, was bought by Peter Brown, Febru-
ary 8, 1872.
In 1836 there were four log school-houses in
the township ; in 1884 there were nine houses,
which accommodate five hundred and fifteen
pupils. The names of the school-houses are as
follows : Oakland, McAlisterville, Union,
Cocolamus, Liberty, Fairview, Rockland,
Mount Pleasant and Red Bank.
JI^ALISTERVILLE.
The town of McAlisterville, with its present
limits, is situated on a site originally taken up
by the authority of two warrants. The warrant
on the east was taken out by William Giit-
nockey the 3d day of February, 1755, and was
for a large tract of land which later passed to
Hugh Watts, who sold to Peter Springer, who
patented it May 20, 1812. He lived on the
place now occupied by Judge Jacob Smith.
The old school-house, built in 1818, was on the
tract now owned by Judge Samuel Watts.
In later years, when McAlisterville began
to thrive, lots were sold by Peter Springer on
his land, and the town grew to the east along
the road. This tract of land was warranted
February 3, 1755, which was the first day on
which warrants were issued from the Land-Of-
fice for " the new purchase."
The tract of land on which McAlisterville
was originally laid out was warranted by
William Armstrong, of Delaware, February
3, 1775, the same date as the adjoining tract
of Giltnockey's. He located other lands in
what is now Mifflin County, where he resided.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
843
Edward Armstrong warranted a tract of land
southeast of it September 8th the same year.
Alexander Armstrong also took up a tract
of land ou ai)i)lieation No. 1201, September
12, 176(3, east of William Giltnockcy and
James Diven. Peter Springer also bought
this property. Willinm Armstrong retained
tlie tract he warranted until January 8, 1779,
when he sold it for two hundred and forty
jiounds to Joseph Bogle, of York County, who,
on the 19th of February, the same year, con-
veyed it to AVilliam Stewart, who at once moved
upon the place, as his name is found in May,
1 780, among the list of those who organized for
the defense of the frontier. He built a log
house on the place, and resided there in 1791.
The reader is referred to the erection of Green-
wood township and the enlargement of its
boundaries, in 1791-92, for mention of William
Stewart's house. It will be noticed that in the
jietition William Stewart's house was mentioned
as being on the east side of the line, and in
Greenwood township. But Hugh McAlister,
who purchased the property May 21, 1790, ap-
plied to the com't, asking that William Stew-
art's house may be and remain in Fermanagh
township. This was granted, and the line ran
e:ist of the Armstrong land and through the lot
ou which the old Jacob Hamerly house now
stands, leaving the most of the Armstrong
land in Fermanagh township. Hugh McAlis-
ter came into possession of the land in the year
1792. The tract was surveyed to him as one
hundred and sixty-six acres, March 31, 1792.
The tract was then bounded on the west by
lands of Widow Mitchell, on north by Hugh
McElroy, east by Hugh Watts (later Peter
Springer) and on the south by William Shaw.
Hugh ^McAlister conveyed it to his son Hugh,
March 2.3, 1804, who received a patent for it
May 23, 18u4.
The old log house that many years ago was
torn down, and wiiich stood on the road leading
from tlie hotel corner toward the church, and on
the farm now owned by Judge Watts, is sup-
posed to have been the old Stewart house. In
1807 Nicholas Myers built a house on the lot
now owned by Squire William Dunn. This
lot was sold to Henry Lauver, September 14,
1813, and in 1819 was conveyed to John
Showers. It passed through several iiands, and
in 1840 came into possession of William Dunn.
Hugh McAlister, in 1810, employed William
McAlister to survey and lay out a town, which
was done. Seven lots, each containing half an
acre, were laid out, three on the south side of
the road and four on the north side. On the
27th day of December, 1810, Hugh :McAlister
and his wife, Catharine, sold to John I^auver, a
blacksmith, lots Nos. 1 and 2, on the north side
of " McAlisterstown," in consideration of sixty
dollars, with the " free privilege of using water
out of the spring forever, but no power ot
hindering any other person the same privilege,"
John Lauver owned a log dwelling-house east
of the new town some distance, which he tore
down and moved to the lots and erecte<:l thereon.
These lots later came to Henry Lauver, and the
house was torn down in 185<3, and the store
now owned by Isaac T. McAlister was erected
on the site. The spring mentioned is on a
small lot adjoining, now owned by Hugh
McAlister and just east of Dr. A. J. Fisher's
residence. In the next year, 1811, Hugh
McAlister erected, on the lot ou the south side
directly opposite No. 1, a stone house, which
is still standing, and in which Thomas Galla-
gher, of Licking Creek, and James Knox, of
Mifflin, opened a store, M'hich they kept until
1815, when they sold to Hugh McAlister, who
kept there until his brick house was finished,
in 1817, when he moved the store to the room
in the east side and kept till his death, in 1844.
He remained several years and was succeeded by
William McCamman. He movetl up town, in
a small log house built by Nicholas Myers, now
occupied by William Dunn. After a few years
he moved to Liverpool. In 1816, Hugh Mc-
Alister began the erection of the brick hotel
now standing, and finished it in the next year,
where he lived until his death, in 1843.
The brick house came to Jt)hn North, a son-in-
law, April 1, 1846, who opened it as a store and
kept it for ten yeai-s, and in 1856 changal it
to a hotel. It was sold in 1875 to William W.
Sharon, who now keeps it. Herman Ctiveny, a
school-teacher and stone-cutter, livetl in the
stone house several years and also bad his mar-
844
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
ble-shop there. It was kept as a tavern by Dr.
Thomas Rowland, who remained about two
years and returned to Chester. John E. Mc-
Alister was the landlord from about 1825 to
1842. It was later kept by Edward Margretz.
Barth, Jacob Auman and last, in 1877,
by Cyrus Seiber.
The growth of the town caused Peter Spring-
er, about 1813, to lay out lots on the east of the
new town on the Giltnockey tract, which were
soon after sold. In 1814 a petition for a road
was made from McAlistertown to the county
line on Shade Mountain, near Romick's Gap.
Viewers were appointed and report made, but
not confirmed. It was afterwards, however,
laid out and opened.
A post-office was established at the place
about 1815, and a mail-route opened from Fan-
netsburg, Franklin County, to Selinsgrove, and
mail first carried in saddle-bags. Hugh Mc-
A lister, then keeping store, was postmaster. In
1820 a petition was sent in to the Postmaster-
General, by Captain William Turner, to have
the name of the post-office changed, and Mi-
chael Lauver was appointed postmaster, and the
name of the post-office was changed to Calhoun-
ville about 1821, which it retained for about
four years and was changed to its former name.
Hugh McAlister was reapppointed and held
the position until his death, in 1843. He was
succeeded by J. B. Wilson, Calvin B. North,
John North, James Davis, Dallas North, S. B.
Caveny, John jNIuthersbough and William W.
Sharon, the present incumbent, who has held
the position since April, 1873.
Soon after the town was started Hugh Mc-
Alister built a tannery on the INIain Street,
which was conducted by John North, a tanner,
and who, in 1822, married Jane, a daughter of
Hugh IMcAlister. In 1825 Hugh T. McAlister
came into possession and continued until 1845,
when it Vi'a? sold to Henry Bohn, who con-
tinued several years and sold to Peter Witmer,
by whom, in later years, it was abandoned.
A school was taught in the settlement in
1812-14 by Stephen George, who was an early
teacher throughout the county. The first
school-house was built in 1818, and was a little
east of the village. It is still standing on the
original site and is now owned by Samuel
Watts. Other teachers who taught there were
Stephen George, William Pelaw, Mc-
Cormick, Matthew McKiustry, James Murray,
Sarah Abrams, Samuel Mathers, Samuel B.
Wilson (1828), William P. Huntington (18.30),
William J. Jones, James M. Sellers, William
Quick, George Lewis and William Kinsloe.
The school-house was abandoned in 1855
and the present house was built by Jacob Bech-
tel, and is now, with the exception of the or-
phan school, the only school of McAlisterville.
William W. Sharon was the first teacher. The
German school-house was built about 1827 and
used until 1855. Christopher Clai-k, Benja-
min Landis, George Keller and William Dunn
were the teachers in the German school-house.
Hugh McAlister says that in his remem-
brance there were twelve distilleries between
the mouth of Lost Creek and Richfield, which
were all running in the winter. It was the only
market for corn and rye, and each farmer took
a barrel of whiskey in part pay. The distil-
leries were owned by Lewis Horning, near the
mouth of Lost Creek ; James Bryson, on the
old Samuel Bryson farm at Jericho, of which
David Kauffinan was the distiller ; James Al-
ricks, at the Oakland Mills ; William, Robert
and James Turner, west of McAlisterville;
John Jameson ; David Shellenbcrger ; William
McAlister, Robert McAlister; William Sellers,
at Evandale ; John Grabel, at Richfield.
Of merchants who have been in business in
McAlisterville since 1835 are the following:
Hugh Wilson, from 1835 to 1856. The
business was continued by his sons — J. B. Wil-
son & Co. — for several years, and sold to
Feghtly & Strayer.
In 1857 David Myers erected the store
building on the corner where Isaac McAlister
now has a store. It was the site of the first
building in the town. The firm of D. Myers
& Co. was composed of David Myers, Reuben
Caveny and James M. Sellers. The firm had
several changes, and, in 1862, the store was
sold to Isaac McAlister, who now keeps it.
In 1876 S. S. Beaver built the store build-
ing, and opened a store, now conducted by Jo-
seph Page, M'ho purchased in 1882.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
845
S. S. Beaver, after the sale of his store, in
1882, opened a drug-store, which, iu 1884, was
purchased by Murray & Smiley.
Evangelical Lutheran Church. — About
1830, the Rev. Elseumoyer, a German
minister, came to this neighborhood and began
preaching in the German language to the peo-
ple of the Lutheran and German Reformed de-
nominations. Meetings were held iu the old
school-house in the upper end of the village.
A Lutheran congregation was soon formed, with
John Seighman and Daniel Showers as trus-
tees.
In the summer of 1834 a lot was purchased
of Hugh McAlister, in McAlisterville, and in
the season of 1835 a frame church was erected.
The Rev. S. R. Boyor, who took tlie charge of
Messiah Evangelical Lutheran Church, iu Lew-
istown, March 1, 1835, assumed charge also of
this congregation and served until he resigned,
March 15, 1846. He was succeeded by the
Rev. Jacob Martin, 1846-48 ; Rev. Levi F.
Williams, 1848-58; Rev. Philip Willard,
1858-61. From the time the Rev. S. R.
Boyer took charge of the church, in 1835, until
1861 the congregation was in a charge with
Mifflintown, Thompsontown and Centre. At
this time, 1861, Mifflintown became an inde-
pendent charge, and the congregation remained
one with Thompsontown and Centre. The
Rev. M. L. Shiudell became pastor and re-
mained until 1865. The congregation was
without a pastor one year, and, in 1867, the
Rev. A. Kopenhover assumed the pastoral re-
lation, and remained fifteen years in the service.
In the fail of 1883 the Rev. William AVieaud
was called, and accepted. He served until the
summer of 1885, and resigned.
During the pastorate of the Rev. A. Kopen-
hover, and mainly through his influence and
zeal, the present brick church was built, iu
1876, on the site of the old church, at an out-
lay of four thousand dollars, much work and
material having been contributed by the mem-
bers.
I. O.O. F.— McAlisterville Lodge, No. 716,
was chartered May 20, 1870, with the follow-
ing list of ofiSccrs : D. B. McWilliams, N. G. ;
G. Shivery, V. G. ; W. W. Sharou, Secretary ;
S. M. Shelley, Assistant Secretary ; J. W.
Muthersboiigh, Treasurer. Meetings were held
in tiie second story of McAlister's store until
about 1875, when the Odd- Fellows' Hall was
fitted and is still used. The lodge has a mem-
bership of fourteen.
The Sf)LDiERs' Orphan School. — This
institution was originated as an academy in 1 855,
the first trustees of which were H. T. McAlis-
ter, Wm. McMeen, Abraham Seiber, Montgom-
ery Jameson, R. W. Jameson, Saml. Watt and
David Myers. A subscription list was obtained,
and in the summer of 1855 the three-storv
brick building, forty-eight by fif\y-four feet,
now standing on the west side of the street, was
erected at a cost of about three thousand dol-
lars. The Rev. Philander Camp, a Presbvter-
ian minister from Bradford County, was elected
principal. He served two years and was suc-
ceeded by Mr. Diven, who taught two terms.
In 1858 the stockholders sold the property to
Professor George F. McFarland, then principal
of the Freeburg Academy, who enlarged the
accommodations and conducted the academy
until 1862. Having then a good normal class
composed largely of teachers, he enlistal thera
in the service of the United St.ites, and took
the company to Harrisburg, where it was as-
signed to the One Hundred and Fifty-first
Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, of which
he became lieutenant-colonel, and one of the
teachers, W. L. Owens, captain of the company.
Returning after the battle of Gettysburg, in
1863, in which lie was badly wounded, Colonel'
McFarland re-opened the academy, and in the
following autumn converted it into a soldiei-s'
orphans' school. From this time forward it re-
ceived soldiers' orphans, the number reaching
sixty-one by April 1, 1865, and one hundreil
and forty-one the following December. At the
first vacation July 27, 1865, the children were
accompanied by Dr. Burrowes, State superin-
tendent of schools, to ^Mifflintown, where the first
concert was held in the court-house. The large
audience was deeply interested in the peform-
ance, the explanation of the system by Dr. Bur-
rows and the patriotic speeches that followed.
It was one of the three schools that visite<l
Harrisburg, March 16, 1866, and influenced
846
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the Legislature to abandon the pauper bill and
continue appropriations for the support of the
schools.
The school also participated in the ceremonies
incident to the reception of the battle-flags, at
Philadelphia, July 4, 1866. Twenty-two acres
of land bought were adjoining the original pur-
chase. The corner-stone of a new building was
laid, with interesting ceremonies, July 2.3, 1866.
The Hon. S. P. Bates, LL.D., delivered the
address. The building is of brick, thirty-nine
by sixty-seven feet, and four stories in height.
On the 1st day of Jannar}-, 1876, the con-
trol of the school passed iuto the hands of Mr.
Jacob Smith, of McAlisterville, who had for
many years been steward of the institution. He
remained in charge of the institution until Sep-
tember, 1880, when he was succeeded by Col-
onel George F. McFarland, who, in June 13,
1 883, leased the property to George W. Wright,
of Mercer County. The school is now >inder
the charge of Professor J. M. Sherwood, who
was in charge of the Mercer soldiers' orphans'
schools for five years previous to taking charge
of this in September, 1884. The roll of the in-
stitution shows that one thousand one hundred
and eighty-five children have enjoyed its advan-
tages as a home and a school. Twenty-eight
deaths have occurred, and nine hundred and
seventy children have been discharged, leaving
at present in the institution one hundred and
eighty-seven children.
C'OCOLAMUS.
Cocolamus is a settlement at the forks of the
heads of the stream. The land was taken up
by John Gallagher in 1762, and soon after pur-
chased by William McAlister, who obtained a
patent in 1790. It was the intention of Mr.
McAlister to lay out a town at the place, but it
was not done. A fulling-mill was built in 1814,
which was torn down in 1848 and the tannery
erected on its site. A store was established at
the place in 1862, and kept by William Harri-
son McAlister until 1881, when it was pur-
chased by Edward Kelly, who now keeps it.
A hotel was kept there several years by
Abi'am Landis and by Lewi.s Amy. A post-
office was established in 1865, and Abraham
Haldeman was postmaster from 1865 to 1872.
He was succeeded by W. H. McAlister from
1872 to 1881, and since that time the office has
been held by Edward Kelly. The tannery is
now owned by John Schell. A frame church
was built near the place in 1884 by the United
Brethren.
OAKLAND MILLS.
The place was named by Dr. Thomas White-
side when he built the present stone mill, in
1830. It had long been a mill-seat, and the
old mills stood above the present mill. The
first store was established in 1830 by David
McClure, who was about the same time ap-
pointed postmaster. He was succeeded by
John Heckman in both the store and post-
office. Lucian Wilson, the present postmaster,
succeeded in the store and post-office in April,
1844, and has continued to the present time.
He, with his brothers, purchased the mill prop-
erty in 1856.
CHAPTER XYII.
WALKER TOWNSHIP.
A PETITION was presented in November,
1821, asking for a township to be taken from
Fermanagh. Daniel Christy, Davnd Walker and
William McAlister, Jr., were appointed view-
ers, who made a report January 19, 1822, in
which the boundaries were defined. The re-
port Avas read and confirmed at the April term
of court, 1822, when the north part of the
township was called " Fermanagh," and the
southern part was called " Walker."
The township is bounded by the range of
Tuscarora Mountains, Fermanagh, Fayette_and
Delaware townships.
The Juniata passes through the townshij^ and
the principal stream is the D. O. Run, which
traverses it in a southerly direction and enters
the Juniata at Mexico.
The name D. O. Run is peculiar, and con-
cerning which much speculation is rife. It is
variously spelled Doe, Deo, Do and D. O.
The last was invariably written by James Pat-
terson, who, with the possible exception of
JUNIATA COUNTY.
847
John Savage, nientionod in the caveat of Wil-
liam Curran, was douI)tlcssi the first settler upon
the run and by whom it was doubtless named.
Early Settlk.men't. — The first trustworthy
kni)\vledge of settlements along the Juniata, or
in the territory embraced in this history, is
found in a letter of Richard Peters to James
Hamilton, Esq., Governor of Pennsylvania,
dated July 2, 1750, in which he says, —
" About the year 1740 or 1741, one Frederick Star,
a German, with two or three more of his countr)'men,
made some settlements at the above place, where we
found William White, the Galloways and Andrew
Lycon, on Big Juniata, situate at the distance of
twenty-five miles from the mouth thereof, and about
ten miles north of the Blue Hills, a place much es-
teemed by the Indians for some of their best hunting-
grounds, which (German settlers) were discovered by
the Delawares at Shamokin to the deputies of the
Six Nations, as they can:e down to Philadelphia, in
the year 1743, to hold a treaty with this Govern-
ment, and they were disturbed at, as to enquire, with
a peculiar warmth of Governor Thomas, if these peo-
ple had come there by the orders or with the privi-
lege of the Government, alleging that if it was so
there was a breach of the treaties subsisting between
the Six Nations and proprietor, William Penn, who,
in the most solemn manner, engaged to them not to
suffer any of the people to settle lands till they had
purchased from the Council of the Six Nations."
At this council, held at Philadelphia, April
22, 1753, before Governor Thomas, one of the
chiefs raade-the following remarks :
" The Dutchmen onScokooneady (Juniata) claimed
a right to the land merely because they gave a little
victuals to our warriors, who stand very often in need
of it.
" This string of Wampum serves (the speaker then
took two strings of wampum in his hands) lo take the
Dutchman by the Arm and to throw him over the big
mountain within our borders. We have given the
Scokooneady for a hunting-place to our cousins, the
Delawares, and our brethren, the Shawanese, and we
ourselves hunt there sometimes. AVe therefore desire
you will immediately, by force, remove all those that
live on the river of Scokooneady."
The Governor disowned any knowledge of
the settlements and promised the Indians to
issue a proclamation. This having but little
effect, Mr. Peters was ordered ami authorized to
cause the trespassers to be removed, which he
did in June, 1743. After this time trespassers
again, says a writer, " had the presumption to
go into Path Valley, or Tuscarora Gap, lying
to the east of the Big Cove, and into a jJace
called Aughwick, lying to tiie northward of it,
and likewise into a place called Shearman's
Creek, lying along the waters of Juniata and is
situate east of the Path Valley, through which
the present road goes from Harris' Ferry to
Allegheny and lastly they extended their .settle-
ment, to Big Juniata."
The Indians complained to the proprietarie,s
of their settlements, and the authorities in 1748
sent Conrad Weiser, the sheriff, and three magis-
trates into these settlements to warn the people ;
but notwithstanding this, they still continued
their settlement.
In May, 1 750, Richard Peters and Conrad
Weiser were ordered to go to lands not ])ur-
chased by the Indians in the new countv
of Cumberland and give information to the
magistrates of such people as had settled on the
lands beyond tlie Kittanning Mountains, and to
bring them to conviction for not removing upon
a previous notice from the Governor. As the
trespassers still remained, the Indians of the
Six Nations were complaining to the proprietaries
of breach of their promises.
It will be noticed that reference is made to
the settlement of Frederick Star at the place
where William White and others were found.
The extract from the same letter referred to
gives the account of their jiroceodiugs while
there. Mr. Peters and Mr. Weiser left Phila-
delphia on the 15th of jNIay for the new countv
of Cumberland, where they met Mr. George
Croghan, Andrew Montcur and five Indians,
who were authorized to transact business for the
Six Nations.
A conference was held, and the magistrates
gave the Indians assurance that the trespassers
would be removed and strings of wampum
were exchanged.
Mr. Peters, in the letter above referreil to,
gives the account of the movements and action
of the magistrates after the conference above
mentioned, ;is follows:
"On Tuesday, the 22nd of May. Matthew Dill,
George Croghan, Benjamin Chambers, Thomas Wil-
son, John Finley and James Galbreth. Esquires, Jus-
tices of the said county of Cumberland, attended bv
848
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the Under Sheriff, came to Big Juniata, situate
at the distance of twenty-five miles from the mouth
therof, and about ten miles north from the Blue
Hill, a place much esteemed by the Indians for some
of their best hunting-ground; and there they found
five cabbins or log Houses, one possessed by William
White, another by George Cahoon, another not quite
yet finished, in possession of David Huddleston,
another possessed by George and William Galloway,
and another by Andrew Lycou ; of these Persons
William White, George and William Galloway,
David Huddleston and George Cahoon appeared be-
fore the Magistrates, and being asked by what right
or authority they had possessed themselves of those
Lands and erected cabins thereon? They replied by
no right or authority but that the Land belonged to
the Proprietaries of Pennsylvania. They were then
asked whether they did not know they were acting
against the Law, and in contempt of frequent Notices
given them by the Governour's proclamation. They
said they had seen one such proclamation, and had
nothing to say for themselves, but craved mercy.
Hereupon the said William White, George and Wil-
liam Galloway, David Huddleston and George Ca-
hoon, being convicted by said Justices on their view,
the under Sheriff was charged with them, and he
took William White, David Huddleston and George
Cahoon into Custody, but George and William Gal-
loway resisted, and having got at some distance from
the Under Sheriff, they called to us : ' You may take
our Lands and Houses and do what you please with
them ; we deliver them to you with all our hearts,
but we will not be carried to Jail.'
"The next morning, being Wednesday, the 2.3d of
May, the said Justices went to the log House or cabbin
of Andrew Lycon, and finding none there but chil-
dren, and hearing that the Father and Mother were
expected soon, and William White and others offer-
ing to become Security jointly and severally, and to
enter into Recognizance, as well for Andrew's appear-
ance at Court and immediate removal, as for their
own, this proposal was accepted, and William White,
David Huddleston and George Cahoon entered into a
recognizance of one hundred Pounds, and executed
Bonds to the Proprietaries in the sum of Five Hun-
dred Pounds, reciting that they were Trespassers and
had no manner of Right, and had delivered Possession
to me for the Proprietaries. When the Magistrates
went to the cabbin or log House of George and Wil-
liam Galloway (which they had delivered up as afore-
said the day before, after they were convicted and were
flying from the Sheriff), all the Goods belonging to
the said George and William were taken out, and the
Cabbin being quite empty, I took possession thereof
for the Proprietaries ; and then a conference was
held, what should be done with the empty Cabbin,
and after great deliberation, all agreed that if some
Cabbins were not destroyed, they would tcm])t the
trespassers to return again, or encourage others to
come there should these trespassers go away ; and so
what was doing would Signify nothing, since the pos-
session of them was at such a distance from the in-
habitants, could not be kept for the Proprietaries ;
and Mr. Weiser also giving it as his opinion that if
all the Cabbins were left standing, the Indians would
conceive such a contemptible Opinion of the Govern-
ment, that they would come themselves, in the
Winter, murder the People, and set their houses on
fire. On these considerations, the Cabbin, by my
order, was burnt by the under Sheriff and company.
" Then the company went to the House possessed
by David Huddleston, who had entered into Bond as
aforesaid, and he having voluntarily taken out all the
things which were in the cabbin, and left me in pos-
session, that empty and unfurnished cabbin was like-
wise set on fire by the under Sheriff, by my order.
" The next day, being the S-tih of May, Mr. Weiser
and Mr. Galbreath, with the under Sheriff and
myself, on our way to the mouth of Juniata, called at
Andrew Lycon's, with intent only to inform him that
his Neighbours were bound for his appearance and
immediate Removal, and to caution him not to bring
him or them into trouble by a refusal. But he pre-
sented a loaded Gun to the Magistrates and Sheriff,
said he would shoot the first man that dared to come
nigher. On this, he was disarmed, convicted and
committed to the custody of the Sheriff. This whole
transaction happened in thesightofatribeof Indians,
who had by accident in the Night time fixed their
tent on that plantation ; and Lycon's behaviour giv-
ing them great offence, the Sliickcalamies insisted on
our burning the cabbin, or they would do it them-
selves. Whereupon everything was taken out of it
(Andrew Lycon all the while assisting) and Possession
being delivered to me, the empty cabbin was set on
fire by the under Sheriff, and Lycon was carried to
Jail."
Mr. Peters says, in closing his letter, —
" Finding such a general submission, except the
two Galloways and Andrew Lycon, and vainly be-
lieving the evil would be eftii'ctually taken away, there
was no kindness in my power which I did not do for
the offenders; I gave them money where they were
poor, and telling them they might go directly on any
part of the two millions of acres lately purchased of
the Indians ; and where the families were large, as I
happened to have several of my own plantations va-
cant, I offered them to stay on them rent-free till they
could provide for themselves ; then I told them that
if, after all this lenity and good usage, they would
dare to stay after the time limited for their departure,
no mercy would be shown them, but that they would
feel the rigour of the law.
" It may be proper to add that the cabbins or log-
Houses which were burnt were of no considerable
value, being such as the Country People erect in a
JUNIATA COUNTY.
849
day or two, and cost only the charge of an entertain-
ment. " ElCHAIU) Petkhs."
It is evident that at tiie time of tliis action on
the part of the govermncnt a pureliase of these
lands was intended, and tiiis fact was Icnown Ijy
the trespassers and by otliers who were ranging
through tiie country. It is not stated in Mr.
Peters' letter that a promise was made to tlie
trespassers who would- leave their improve-
ments peaceably that when the purchase was
made they might return to their respective set-
tlements ; hut it is stated by no less an authority
than James Hamilton, Esq., in a documentsent to
John Lukens, surveyor general, under the head-
ing : " By the proprietaries," and which was used
in a suit brought by Richard Kirkpatrick against
Samuel Fisher and John Sanderson, a full ac-
count of which will be found in the history of
Spring township, Perry County. Among other
things he says, speaking of the trespassers, —
" Before the same was purchased from the Indians,
who, taking umbrage at settlements being made there
before they had agreed to sell those lands to the Gov-
ernment, on the Indian's compleant sent proper
persons to prevail on those settlers peaceably to give
up and Quit their possessions and improvements un-
der a promise and assurance from our Agents that as
soon as the said purchase should be compleated they
should have warrants granted to them and be permit-
ted to return to their respective settlements."
To still further show that the pinrhosc was
intended and the promise made, it will be care-
fnlly noticed that mention is made in ]\Ir.
Peters' letter of a conference being held at the
settlement of White, Lyeon and others, "with
great deliberation" as to the disposition of these
cabins. It was finally agreed that if some of
them were not destroyed they would tempt the
trespassers to return, and Mr. Weiser's opinion
was that if all were left standing the Indians
would have a contemptible opinion of the gov-
ernment, and the cabin or loghouse of the
Gralloways, the cabins of David Huddleston
and Andrew Ijvcon were burned, no mention be-
ing made of White's cabin. The decision of the
conference held at this time in reference to the
destruction of cabins was followed at Shearman's
Creek, where Mr. Stephenson (the under-sheriff)
"ordered some of the meanest of those cabins
54
to be .set on fire where the families were not
large nor the improvements considerable."
On May 30th, the magistrates and ajmpany
were in Path Valley, Augliwiek and Big Cove,
and put the trespa.s.sers in those localities under
bonds and burneil some of the caljins.
The.se men left their settlements,' and without
doubt made no effort to return until after the
purchase of July, 1754, as they would have
been liable to pro.secution under their bonds.
Others, however, not under such restraint, made
their way into the Tuscarora ^'alley, late in
J 75.3 or early in 1754, ami made settlements
there before the purchase was made, and they
and their descendants are still there.
A careful examination of the warrants on
both sides of the Juniata from its mouth to the
Perry County line fails to show the names of
any of the parties who were trespa-ssers inl75(J,
and it is a fact that in 1754 and 1755 Richard
Kirkpatrick and others (all trespassers in 1750
on Sherman's Creek) returned, after the purchase,
under their promise from the government, to the
same places where they were before and where
most of them settled and left descendants.
Upon the opening of the Land-Office, Feb-
ruary 3, 1755, William White and John Lyeon
each took out warrants — White for two hun- •
dred acres, and Lycon for three hundred and
twenty-three acres. John Cahoon purchased of
William White a tract of land, April 16th of
the same year. All three of these tracts are on
the Juniata, White and Cahoon on tracts ad-
joining and above the James Patterson tract, at
the mouth of D. O. Run. John Lycon 's tract
was below the Patterson (the Valentine Stern)
tract, and above Thompsontown, relatively in
the same position as when Petei"s left White's,
May 24th, — " on our way to the mouth of
Juniata, called at Andrew Lycon's," Dr. Egle
' It has been stated that these settlers were located on (he
north bank of the.Iuniata, back of Millerstown, in the limits
of Perry County. This opinion is said to be ba.sed upon the
letter of Richard Peters. He says " We came to the Big
.luniata situate at the distance of twenty-five miUs from
the mouth thereof." This distance is given by Rupp in his
quotation as twenty miles, and even in that case Millers-
town by the railroad is but sixteen miles and six-tenths
from Juniata Bridge, which is within three rods of the
mouth of the Juniata River.
850
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
says that Andrew Lycon had but one son,
John, who was commissioned lieutenant about
1 762, and disappears before the Revohitionary
War. All the evidence here given inclines to
the idea that after the purchase of the lands
William White returned to his settlement on
the Juniata, where his cabin was evidently left
standing in 1750 (as Peters was very particu-
lar in all cases to state what was l)urned), and
to the place he, in his wanderings for a location,
had decided upon. John Lycon, a son of An-
drew, settled below on the river, and John
Gaboon or Calhoon, as is shown later, adjoining
lands of White.
William White made two applications for land
of one hundi'ed acres each. Warrants were
granted upon them as follows: February 3,
1755, No. 30, "One hundred acres, including
his improvement on the north side of the
Juniata, where one Kyle has presumed to
settle. No. 33, one hundred acres northward
of other land granted to him by warrant of
this day and includes a part of the Big Mea-
dow."
The wording of the first warrant clearly
shows that he had an improvement there, and
on his return to it he found one Kyle settled
upon it, and the heirs of James Kyle claimed it
as late as 1818, when a part of it was patented.
It will be noticed that on April 3, 1767, Hugh
White took up land including " Clear Mea-
dow," which had been Indian corn-fields, and
probably the other part of the Big Meadow men-
tioned above. The White lands, under the two
warrants, No. 30 and 33, as surveyed, amount to
five hundred and sixty-two and one-half acres.
In the warrant to White he is mentioned as
adjoining Captain James Patterson, who located
ou both sides of the D. O. Run, and White's
tract was above, on the river. When the troub-
les with the Indians occurred in 1756, he, with
the other settlers, fled to the more thickly-pop-
ulated settlements, and returned in 1762, and on
the 24th of March in that year was appointed
constable of Fermanagh township. During
harvest -time, and on July 10, 1763, it being the
Sabbath and the reapers in the house at White's,
a party of Indians crept up to the door and shot
William White, some of the reapers and some
of his childi'en. From that time for several
years the Widow White is assessed on two
hundred acres, and a son William is mentioned
as a single man, and within a year or two John
White is mentioned as a single man. Novem-
ber 25, 1766, John White warranted one
hundred acres of land in the Barrens adjoining
William White, and April 3, 1767, Hugh
White warranted a tract, including Clear
Meadow, which had been Indian corn-fields.
In 1782 Widow White was in possession of four
hundred acres, John of fifteen acres and a dis-
tillery, and William of fifteen acres. It is quite
evident the lands taken up were for their
mother.
AVidow Mary White also took up, on an order
of survey No. 2835, February 6, 1767, three
hundred acres of land upon Cedar Spring Ridge,
adjoining John Gamble, Ciiarles Stewart and
others, which she sold to James Barr May 19,
1790, who sold ninety-six acres of it to James
Banks August 7, 1792. William White sold his
interest in the same tract to James Barr, De-
cember 15, 1789.
A part of the original White tract had been
sold to John Cahoou,' (or Calhoon), who sold
part to the heirs of William White, who con-
veyed it to James Barr. It passed to William
McCammon and John Riddle, and on April
1, 1814, Riddle sold one and a half acres of this
land for a parsonage to Jacob Byner, of Decatur,
Mifflin County, John Kepner and John Rice, of
Milford, Henry Fry, of Greenwood, Cumber-
land County, who were trustees for the United
German congregations in the mentioned town-
ships. Upon this lot was built a parsonage,
where the Rev. John William Heim lived until
his removal to Loysville, Perry County, in 1828.
The property was sold, April 1, 1835, to Solo-
mon Hays, who, in 1838, conveyed it to Sarah
I In a deed recorded in Mifflin County mention is made,
in connection with tlie above transfers, tliat a warrant was
granted to John Colhoon (or Cahoon) February 0, 1755,
adjoining lands of William White. No warrant at this
place or in the purchase of 1754 of that date appears in
the Land OflSce ; but on April 16, 1775, Cahoon did buy
part of the White lands, and part of it passed to Andrew
Cahoon (or Colhoon), who, by article, June 4, 1792, sold
to .lames Barr. The executors of Andrew Colhoon gave a
deed to James Barr, May 28, 1795.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
851
Diven, widow of Peter Diven. The trustees at
this time were William Rannels, Sr., Jacob
Kcpner, John Weishaupt and Joiiii Murpliy, of
the Lutheran eoiigregation, and Peter Diven
and William Waldsmith, of the Reformed Church.
The parsonage property is now owned by Miss
Susanna Weaver.
It will be remembered that, with the names
of William White and Andrew Lycon, the
Galloways, David Huddleston and George Ca-
hoon also appear. The Galloways, by Mr.
Peters' account, abandoned their lands, and
prol)ably never returned. There is nothing to
show, either, that Huddleston returned.
A part of the old White tract is now owned
by Christian Tyson, Miss Minehau, James
Kyle and John Gallagher.
It will be noticed that Captain James Pat-
terson, of whom it is claimed by some that he
was the first settler, is not mentioned in the
letter of Richard Peters, and it is also shown,
in the caveat filed by William Curran, March
13, 1765 (that is elsewhere given), that one
John Savage had made an improvement at
the mouth of D. O. Run, which he had pur-
chased ten years before, or upwards, and which
Curran had purchased. This property, how-
ever, Captain Patterson secured a warrant upon,
and held it. It is now Mexico, but was known
many years as Patterson's Mills.
Captain James Patterson was the most illus-
trious pioneer settler in Juniata County, and
deserves more than a passing notice. His
father came from Salisbury, England, and set-
tled, in 1717, on the northern line of the
Conestoga Manor, Lancaster County.
James Patterson, who was prominent in
Juniata in the early days of the settlement on
the Indian purchase of 1754, was a son of the
James Patterson, of Lancaster Connty, referred
to. His early life was passed in the woods
and among the traders. He moved on a three
luindred-acre tract in Cumberland Valley (now
Franklin County), left him by his father at his
death, and lived there until the Juniata region
was opened to settlement. His sister, Susanna,
was the wife of James Lowry, an Indian trader
in Donegal ; Sarah was the wife of Benjamin
Chambers, who settled at Chambersburg ; Re-
becca was the wife of John Keagy, who o«,-u-
pied part of the mansion farm. Mrs. Chamljers
was the mother of General James Chand^ei-s, of
the Revolution.
The mother of James Patterson was a remark-
able woman, and was twice married after the
tleath of his father. She was tiie wife of Thomas
Ewing and of Dr. John Connolly, and the
mother of the notorious Dr. John Connolly.
As already stated. Captain James Patterson
moved on this tract on the Couococheagne after
his father's death, aufl his name may be found
regularly on the Lurgan township tax-lists, and
he remained there until 1754.
The Land Office opened Februarys, 1755, and
on the 4th James Patterson got his warrant for
a tract of four hundred and seven acres at Mex-
ico, which he had surveyed on the 29th, and it
was the first, and in 1763 the only, tract pat-
ented in this eountv. Hence, the whole story
told of his bidding defiance to the provincial
authorities, and refusing to go through the for-
malities of the Land Office for a title, as told in
Jones' "Juniata Valley," is without the slight-
est foundation in fact, and does the captain
great injustice. As he followed the Indian trade
with his father in his youth, and later also on
his own account, he had doubtless often been
back and forth over our Juniata streams and
hills, and his selection of land was not a chance
location, but carefully picked out as a mill-site.
We cannot admit that he settled here, as claimed
by some writers, in 1751 ; but he may have been
here then, and long and often before, but not as
a settler, for such settlements were forbidden b\'
law prior to the purchase from the Indians, in
1754.
James Pattei"son, in 1767, built the fin^t grist-
mill and a saw-mill east of the river. His resi-
dence had been used as a base of supplies during
the ye:ii-s 1756-57, as is shown by tlie following-
letters of T. Lloyd under date October 14, 1 756,
who says, —
" That there was 20,000 weight of Provincial flour
left at Capt. Patterson's, on the Western frontier. au<l
{as supposed) in the rout from Dui^uesne (Pittsburgh),
to Shamokin (Sunbury), or near it, of which he (Col.
Clapham) conimauded me to make a minute, and
know whether it was j'our Honor's pleasure that the
house should be burnt aud the tlourdestroved or not."
852
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
On jSTovember 23, 1756, Colonel Clapham
wrote from Fort Augusta to Governor Denny, —
" The bearer, Captain Patterson, had been very
serviceable on two detachments of great fatigue, and
has in every other respect during his stay here behaved
himself like a brave and honest man. He is the owner
of the house where I mentioned the flour was left,
and accompanied the detachment sent to that place.
He will be able to inform your honor more particu-
larly on that head."
Some time later he again wrote, —
" The party I sent to the Great Island (Lock Haven)
returned by the Allegheny road without finding any
enemy . . . Immediately on their return I detached
two parties, one to the place where the Allegheny road
crosses Juniata, with orders to examine into the state
of the flour at Capt. Patterson's, and, if possible, to
ambuscade the enemy, the other to Hunter's to escort
provisions."
What Allegheny road this was, and where it
crossed Juniata, is hard to tell, but it was proba-
bly near the captain's residence. Probably the
.seven thousand seven hundred pounds of flour
brought to Fort Augusta January 7, 1757, by
Ensign William Patterson, with sixty-six hor.ses,
was part of the flour above spoken of. Patter-
sou warranted and purchased a number of tracts
near Mexico and across Ihe river; also up the
river at Raystown Branch, in Canoe Valley
and other places.
His residence was called Patterson's and was
so laid down on maps of his time. To the river
boatmen it was known as " Patterson's Land-
ing." He died here. His will is dated June
9, 1771 ; recorded at Carlisle ; probated January
22, 1772. The grave-yard is on his tract, but
no .stone records the exact date or age. By his
will he left the Juniata lands and the mill prop-
erties to James, his second son, and George, the
youngest son. George is first a single freeman
on the Fermanagh tax-lists in 1781, and that
year may be safely set down as the period of his
majority.
The wife of Capt. James Patterson was Mary
Stewart. She was executrix of his will, and lived
at Mexico until 1783. She moved to her daugh-
ter's, Mrs. Moore, at Middletown, and died there
in 1785. Her will, probated April 29, 1785,
mentions as her children William, Mary (wife
of General Potter), Susanna (wife of James
Moore), James and George. Mary had been
married first to Thomas Chambers, who was
killed by Indians at Big Island (Lock Haven).
See " Border Life," (p. 126). With Genl. James
Potter she became the mother of James, the hus-
band of Mai-y Brown ; Mary, wife of George
Riddle and then of William McClellan ; John,
deceased ; Martha, wife of Hon. Andrew Gregg,
once U. S. Senator, and grandfother of Governor
A. G. Curtin ; Margaret, wife of Edward
Crouch.
William Patterson first married a Galbreath,
and by her had one son, who was named Gal-
breath Patterson. He studied law and lived in
Harrisburg, where he gained considerable dis-
tinction. He was the father of Mrs. Judge
Hayes, of Lancaster, and Dr. Edmund B. Pat-
terson, of Lewistown. About 1800 Galbreath
removed to near Williamsport, M'here he had a
large tract of land and soon after died there.
William married, as a second wife, Esther
Finley, granddaughter of John Harris, of
Harrisburg, and by her had John, born 1767;
Isabella; William Augustus, born 1771, died
July 15, 1854, in White Deer Valley, aged
eighty-three years, James; born 1776. Esther
Patterson died in East Pennsboro' township,
Cumberland County.
The father of this branch is known as Capt.
William Patterson. He settled opposite Mexico
and owned a large tract of laud. In 1756 he is
Ensign; in 1757, Lieutenant; in 1758, Cap-
tain in the Provincial service. He was with the
forces which brought Fort Augusta in 1757, and
described in the Shippen papers as "a gentle-
man of limited education, a very good soldier
and does his duty well;" and he is often men-
tioned in Burd's Journals.
James Patterson, son of Captain James, mar-
ried Jane Harris, daughter of John Harris,
founder of Mifflintown.
George, youngest son of Captain James, mar-
ried Jane, daughter of Colonel James Burd, tlie
most noted military man in this province dur-
ing the French and Indian War.
George Patterson was justice of the peace, and
lived at Mexico until 1810, when he moved to
Mount Airy, near Philadelphia, and from that
place his sons, Burd and George, moved to
JUNIATA COUNTY.
853
Pottsville, where the family liave been prominent
citizens ever since. The children of George are
six, of whom Bnrd was born at Mexico July 8,
1788, died at Pottsville March 30, 1861, wife,
Matilda Dowers ; Charlotte, wife of William
Thompson; Eliza, wife of Rubens Peale, the
artist.
James Patterson and Valentine Sterns took
out a warrant for three hundred and tliirty-nine
acres of land, February 6, 1755, directly below
Patterson's Mill tract, at Mexico. This tract
was divided, Patterson receiving the upper part
(now the farms in part of W. P. Thompson and
David Sieber) ; Valentine Sterns took the lower
part and soon after died, as Widow Jean Sterns
is assessed on the property and appears many
years later.
A part of this land was patented, March 28,
1807, to Martin Motzer as "Farmers' Hope,"
and then contained two hundred and ninety-
seven acres, and was part of the warrants of
James Patterson and Valentine Sterns of Feb-
ruary, 1755. Matthew Atkinson's land joined
it on the north. The land now is in part owned
by Henry Hartman.
Matthew Atkinson took out, on order of sur-
vey No. 4606, November 24, 1767, two hun-
dred and eighty- six acres of land, which, in later
years, came to the McKinstrys and Funks, and
lay west of the Elizabeth Lycon tract, and is
now owned by Michael Bashore.
The board of property had the land re-
surveyed January 31, 1803, and it was probably
the Robert Guthrie tract of 1762. Matthew
Atkinson also took out three hundred acres on
a warrant dated July 28, 1769, which, in Oc-
tober, 1791, came to David Walker. The lo-
cation of this tract has not been ascertained.
Matthew Atkinson was a resident here, as he
had a family account at the store of John Ham-
ilton from 1774 to 1787. Of his immediate
family but little is known. On May 1, 1813,
Matthew Atkinson took out a warrant for one
hundred acres of land in Wayne township and
went there to reside. He also owned other
lands there, and, June 29, 1813, sold one hun-
dred acres to Lukens Atkinson, who went to
Wayne township, Mifflin County, and lived
and died there at what is now known as Atkin-
son's Mills. His son Adam, in 1842, bought
part of the old Lukens tract, which is n(jw
owned by his son, Dr. Louis E. Atkinson, of
Mifflintown.
In the account of Richard Peters, given in the
preceding sketch of William White, it will be no-
ticed that, after comj)leting the work at White's,
on their way to the mouth of the Juniata, they
came to the cabin of Andrew Lycou, who, for
his resistance, was taken to jail and his cabin
was burned. He is not mentioned later; but it
is a fact that on the tirst day of issuing warrants,
February 3, 1755, one, John Lycon, or Lukens,
was granted a tract of land, containing three
hundred and twenty-three acres of land, that
lay opposite what is now Vandyke Station and
below the White tract on the way to the mouth
of Juniata, to where Peters, Weiser and the mag-
istrates were going, as is mentioned heretofore.
The warrant granted to John Lycon is num-
bered thirty and says : "One hundred acres on
the south side of the Juniata, including his im-
provement below the settlement of Valentine
Stern's." The word south in this case is a cler-
ical error, as an examination of the survey of
the same land in the Land-Office clearly shows
the river and its course and Valentine Stern's
tract above it on the river, as his warrant and
location will indicate, and both on the north side
of the river. Stern's tract was below Patter-
son's. (D. O. Run tract).
The Lukens lands, probably embracing also
the warrant of Elizaiietli, were patented April
13, 1774, as 365f acres.
It was surveyed by John Armstrong May 9,
1761, and for some reason was " legally con-
demned by a court of inquisition,'' January
22, 1773, and sold by Ephraim Blaine, sheriff
of Cumberland County, November 7, 1773, to
Abraham Lukens. By him a part was con-
veyed to Gabriel, his son, ]\Iay 29, 1793, who,
in 1831, and by his will dated August 12th in
that year, lett it to his sons, John and Robert,
who sold a part of it to Adam H. Atkinson,
April 1, 1842.
A tract of one hundred and three acres
lying above the Lukens land, was granted
on application No. 600, August 1, 1766, to
Jesse Jacobs. It passed July 14, 1784, to Wil-
854
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
liam Pluukett, who sold to Thomas Poiiltuey
soon after, who patented it May 23, 1785, and
sold to Gabriel Lukens May 3, 1800. A part
of this tract also came to Adam H. Atkinson.
John Lukens sold a part of his original pur-
chase, October 28, 1773, to Michael Van Ken-_
nen, who sold, January 18, 1791, to John Ten-
nis. Lukens also sold part May 13, 1780, to
Benjamin Kepner. The Lukens tract was re-
surveyed for the executors of Abraham Lukens
February 27, 1811.
Of the sons of John Lukens, except Abraham,
nothing is known. He warranted a tract of
two hundred and thirty-two acres March 7,
1775, near the Cookson lands, which is now
owned by S. Owen Evans and the heirs of John
Kurts. He died in 1808 and left sons — Gabriel,
Henry and Abraham. Gabriel settled on part
of the original tract and died there. John Lu-
kens, of Port Roy.il, who died in September,
1885, was a son of Gabriel.
Henry Lukens settled in 1802 on what is now
known as the Bradford Fruit Farm. J. Stew-
art Lukens, of Thompsontown, is a grandson.
Abraham settled below Gabriel on part of the
old tract and was living there in 1803.
John Lukens, also owned a tract of laud on
Dog Run from 1773 to 1792.
Abraham, son of John owned a saw-mill
on some of his land from 1776 to 1799, and
Abraham, his son, i'rom 1796 to 1812.
Elizabeth Lukens, probably the wife of John,
took up on an order of survey No. 2305, Jan-
uary 2, 1767, a tract of land containing two
hundred and forty three acres, which was sur-
veyed as two hundred and fifty-five acres
on the 22d of April, 1767. It was adjoining
John Lukens' tract to the rear and north, and
in 1824 was sold to John Stauffer (where Cen-
tre or Van Dyke now is) and to Thomas Leon-
ard.
George and Nelson A. Lukens, sons of Jacob
S. Lukens, Esq., are living on part of the lands
near Centre. On the west was a tract of two
hundred and twelve acres of Robert Guthrie
warranted in June, 1762, bounded on the north
by the Barrens. He does not seem to have been a
settler here for any length of time as his name
disappears.
To the east of the Elizabeth Lukens tract
Joseph Smith took up, on an order of survey,
No. 5081, a tract of three hundred and five
acres, dated June 27, 1768, which was surveyed
June 2, 1770. South of this tract lay one
hundred acres of James Patterson's, and still
south, on the river, was the tract of William
Rodman. This tract, in 1801, then embracing
the one hundred acres of James Patterson, be-
longed to the heirs of John Hamilton. The
great road extended along within its limits, and
near the south line. Just over the line on the
north, about two hundred rods from the great
road, is marked on the survey (now in the sur-
veyor's office) a meeting-house, which is near
the foot of the ridge. The old Smith tract now
belongs to Samuel, George and John Mertz.
The name of William Cochran appears among
the list of warrantees, and he took out a
warrant for one hundred and three acres of
land March 8, 1755. From all indications, the
name is the same as Corran or Curran, and the
one here given is evidently the ancestor of the
family who settled in this section of country.
The tract of land was near the glebe lands of
Cedar Spring. His name as Curran appears in
the assessment of Fermanagh in 1763 as owning
two hundred acres of land, and in 1768 as
William Corran, owning six hundred acres and
one horse and cow, and James Curran as in
possession of fifty acres. William Corran re-
mained here until 1771, when he appears to
have removed to Donegal, Lancaster County,
and the land is asses.sed to him still in this town-
ship, and in 1772 Charles Cochran or Corran
is assessed with one horse and one cow, and
William on four hundred acres. On the 17th
of December, 1772, "William Cochran or Cor-
ran " warranted a tract of land in Tuscarora
Valley, which he patented June 18, 1773, as
" Williamsburg." In 1775 it is mentioned as
having ten acres cleared, and in Lack township
James Corran is assessed on one hundred acres
and one horse, one cow and twenty acres cleared.
There is a tradition among the de.scendants
of the Currans that the mother of Samuel
and Margaret Curran, wife of W^ilHam, at
one time carried a bag of rye to Carlisle to be
ground. This is not improbable, as he was
JUNIATA COUNTY.
855
here in 1763 and no mill was in this county
until 1767. William Curran is mentioned in
1767 as owner of land lying east of the Alexan-
der Lafferty tract. In this year, October 2!)th,
he bought of James Patterson a tract of land on
D. O. Run, adjoining James Crampton and
John Lukens, which had been warranted to
Thomas Evans November 10, 1766. He re-
turned with his family to Lancaster County
and died in Raphoe township in 1787, and des-
ignated his sons, Samuel and James, as executors
of his will. James M'as then living in Raphoe ;
Samuel had moved to the lands in this township
in 1780 and married a daughter of the Rev.
Hugh Magill. The widow, after the death of
her husband, came to this township and lived
with her children until her death. Their chil-
dren were Samuel, James, Margaret and
Eleanor, and probably Charles and Alexander,
who lived on lands in Milford and Tjack town-
ships. Margaret became the wife of Robert
MeMeen and Eleanor the wife of John Moore.
Samuel was drowned in Jack's Creek upon the
return of the party from Lewistown at the time
of the riot there in 1792. He left a son William
and two daughters, Margaret and Eleanor.
William married Jane Walker, daughter of
James and granddaughter of David Walker,
and settled upon the Samuel Curran farm, now
owned by his son-in-law, Hugh Latimer Wil-
son. They had no sons and five daughters.
Jane became the wife of James Templeton and
settled in Illinois. Mary married Joseph
Adams and settled in Miffliutown. Josephine
married Hugh L. Wilson and lives on the home-
farm at Van Wert. Anna B. became the wife
of Judge Samuel Watts and now lives at Me-
Alisterville. Lizzie is unmarried.
Margaret, a daughter of Samuel Curran, mar-
ried, first, Joseph McMeen, and later the Hon.
John McMinn. Eleanor married William Mc-
Minn, a brother of John, and removed to
Centre County, Pa.
The following is a copy of a document found
among the papers of James Adams, of Walker
township, and is interesting as showing some
of the troubles settlers of tiie early days had to
contend with. The William Cochran here men-
tioned is the one later called William Curran or
Corran, and is used interchangably.
" Land-Office, the 13th March, 1765.
" Williiim Cochran enters a Caveat against the
acceptance of any survey or surveys made or to be
made for Francis West, James Patterson or any other
person or persons on an improvement originally made
by John Savage upon or near D. O. Run, Patterson
Mills Run and the Beaver Dam, which the said
Cochran purchased ten years ago or upwards from the
said John Savage, and after making considerable im-
provements thereon, the same were burnt by the In-
dians and he was drove oft' by them from his said settle-
ment. And also against any survey or surveys made or
to be made for the said Francis West, James Patterson
or any other person or persons on another small im-
provement made by the said William Cochran as a
provision for some of his children at a spring near
the mouth of the said D. O. Run.
" Wm. Peters, Se'cy."
This description indicates that a certain John
Savage had made an improvement on the land
warranted by James Patterson, February 5,
1755, as his name particularly is mentioned,
and his land was on the east side of the D. O.
Run and that of William White on the upper
side, and whose name is not explicitly men-
tioned.
Two years later than the date of the caveat,
and in the year when most of the surveys were
made, and on June 8, 1767, James Patterson
assigned to William Curran a tract of land on
D. O. Run, which assignment was witnessetl
by Eleanor Moore and Jean Patterson, the last
being his daughter. Tliis tract was doubtless
assigned in compromise for the tract at the
mouth of the D. O. Run, to which Curran laid
a claim, and the land assigned lay up the run,
above Patterson's other land.
The farm on which Hugh Hamilton now
lives was bought by his grandfather (John Ham-
ilton), who came to this place from near the old
CentreChurch, now in Madison township, Perrv
County, in 1769. His father (also John Ham-
ilton) was a resident of Chester Countv, and
was possessed of considerable property, part of
which was in Sherman's Valley. By his will
he left the latter to his son, who moved there to
attend to it. He also, later, warranted the tract
of land on which tiie Tressler Orphans' Home
now stands, near Loysville, and came in pes-
856
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
session, tlirouo:li his wife, of the property known
as Bixler's Mill, in Madison township.
A tract of land containing four hundred
acres, in (now) Walker township, was warranted
June 20, 1766, by John Mitchell and Richard
Tea, who sold to John Hamilton, November 21,
1 768. He also became the owner of other lands
in the vicinity, and the old "Hamilton Mill,"
on Cocolamus Creek, now Robert Humphrey's.
He moved to the first purchase in 1769, on
which there was an improvement, with a log
house upon it. The place he named " Fer-
managh," after the township. In 1772 he re-
turned to Sherman's Creek and married Mar-
garet, a daughter of Hugh Alexander, who had
long lived near the old Centre Church. They
moved to the home "Fermanagh," where he
built a stone mansion-house, and, in 1774,
opened in part of it the first store in the limits
of Mifflin County, then embracing Juniata,
which he continued to keep until his removal to
Harrisburg, in 1787. The old books are in
prssessiou of Hugh Hamilton, and contain the
names of his customers, among which are
Sharon, Banks, Purdy, Patterson, Nelson,
Stewart, Thompson, McLin, Micheltre, Wilson,
Atkinson, White, Stuhl and a host of others.
On the 16th of May, 1776, he, with Joseph
Sellers, took up a warrant for one hundred and
seventy acres of land on Cocolamus Creek, and
soon after purchased the interest of Sellers, and
in that year erected upon it a grist-mill, saw-
mill and distillery, which he operated until his
removal, in 1787, arid was owned by him until his
death, in 1793. In 1796 the property was sold
by his heirs to Joseph Sellers. The grist-mill
was abandoned before the sale to Sellers ; it is now
owned by Robert Humphrey. At the opening
of the Revolution a meeting of the inhaliitants
of the section was held in the house of William
Sharon, who then lived near what is now known
as Jericho. John Hamilton was chairman, and,
upon a call for volunteers, Hugh McAlisterwas
the first to respond. A company of cavalry
was soon raised, and John Hamilton became its
captain. The company marched to the front,
and joined the army the next day after the bat-
tle of Trenton. They served through several
campaigns, and retui'ued home. In 1782 John
Hamilton purchased the tract now known as
Oakland Mills of Matthias Stull, and, in 1786,
built a grist-mill on the Lost Creek, which,
after his death and the marriage of his daugh-
ter Martha to James Alricks, became their
home.
In 1787 he removed to Harrisburg and en-
gaged in business in that place, and died August
28, 1793, leaving a widow, Margaret, and six
children, — Jean, born 1774; Martha, 1776;
John, 1782; Hugh, 1785; Margaret, 1789;
and Kitty Allen, 1792. Jean became the wife
of John McKean ; Martha, of James Alricks ;
Margaret, of Moses McLean ; and Catharine,
of Jacob Spangler.
John, the oldest son, upon the retirement of
his father to Harrisburg, remained upon the
homestead, and inherited it upon his death.
He had three children, — Hugh and two daugh-
ters, one of whom became the wife of George
T. McCulloch, the other of Dr. James Frow.
Hugh, the son, lives upon the homestead tract.
Hugh, the second son of John Hamilton,
moved, with his father, to Harrisburg, where
he became a prominent lawyer, and his de-
scendants are now living there.
Margaret, the widow of John Hamilton, in
1795, became the wife of Andrew Mitchell, of
Femanagh township. They had several chil-
dren, of whom Jane Alexander became the
wife of Dr. Thomas Whiteside. Margaret
(Hamilton) Mitchell and her husband, Andrew
Mitchell, her eldest son, John Hamilton, and
several others of the family are buried in the
Presbyterian grave-yard at Mifflintown.
The name of David Walker is first men-
tioned in 1770 as owning a tract of land con-
taining three hundred acres. It was adjoining
the tracts of William Riddle and Charles Arm-
strong. On the 5th of May, 1772, itwas sold
to Duncan McDougal. The David Walker
here mentioned was from Derry township, Lan-
caster County (now Dauphin), and never resided
here. He made his mark as D in the signature
to the deed of transfer. The David Walker
who settled and became prominent as land-
owner, and in all that pertains to the develop-
ment of the county, was a native of Antrim
County, Ireland, and was a resident in the
JUNIATA COUNTY.
837
township iu 1776, as he was a volimteer iu a
company raised in the county by Captain Gib-
son, and appears as an owner of a horse and
cow in the assessment of 1778, and in 1779
was possessed of ninety-one acres of land. Feb-
ruary 23, 1787, he bought one hundred and ten
acres of land of Sylvan us Moss, who warranted
it the year before. This tract is part of the
home-farm, where he lived and died.
He was successful in business and gradually
accumulated land until he became one of the
largest land-owners in the county. He was
justice of the peace for many years and also
kept a tavern, holding his court on Saturdays
at the tavern. He was executor and adminis-
trator on many estates, and enjoyed the confi-
dence of the community in a large degree. He
married, before coming to this county, Ann
Banks, daughter of James Banks and sister of
Andrew and James Banks, by whom he had
nine children, — Samuel, Elizabeth, Polly, An-
nie, James, Margaret, David, Jane and Andrew.
Polly and David died in youth. Andrew was
a graduate of Princeton College, in 1821 ;
was a surveyor and a youth of great promise.
He died September 18, 1828, aged twenty-seven
years. Elizabeth became the wife of John
Stewart and settled in the vicinity ; Annie mar-
ried William Black, and settled in Perry
County; Samuel died November 1, 1809, aged
thirty-two years ; James married Ann Beatty,
and died March 13, 1813, aged thirty-four
years; Jane married James Johnson ; and Mar-
garet became the wife of Thomas Stinson, and
settled on the home-form, and died January 27,
1866, aged eighty yeai-s. David Walker livetl
to the age of seventy-nine years and died Sep-
tember 6, 1831, having outlived all his sons.
His wife, Ann, died February 14, 1828, aged
seventy-three years. The mansion-house is now
in possession of Miss Lizzie Curran, and the
home-farm is owned by John McMeen.
The Rev. Tiiomas Barton appeai-s as a war-
rantee of four hundred and fourteen acres of
land February 7, 1765, adjoining the glebe
lands of Cedar Spring congregation. His name
disappears from the tax-roll in 1779. He was
an agent for the Society for the Propagation of
the Gospel in Foreign Parts. He did not appear
to have ever lived upon the land. The land
later came to James Burd, son of Colonel James
Burd, who resided upon it and, Ai)ril 4, 1806,
sold to David Weaver two hundred and sixty-
one acres, and bought in 1809 the remainder of
the Harris plantation, east from Mifflintuwn.
The Burd tract is now in ])ossession of David
Aukers, John Gingrich and others.
Weaver and Philip Ronk both married sis-
ters by the name of Stouifer and settled upon
the tract. The land had not been ploughed
deep and they brought with them from Lan-
caster a plough to which they attached four
horses, and broke the ground to a depth that
surprised the farmers in this region ; large crops
was the result and it led to better farming in
the section.
The children of David Weaver were Joseph,
John, Samuel, Michael, Peter, Jacob, Annie,
Mary and Fanny, of whom descendants of
Joseph are living on the place.
David Weaver, Philip Ronk, MichaelFunk,
John Stouffer and othei-s came from J^ancaster
to this region about the same time.
The Funks were in Lancaster County as
early as 1718. Michael Funk, of Blue Ball,
kept a noted hostelry on the old Paxtang road,
in East Earl township; removed to Walker
township, Juniata County, in 1805. His chil-
dren were Bai'bara (married John Stouffer),
John (married Polly ^liller), Michael (married
Rebecca Yoeuin), Betsey (married Michael Shel-
ly), Mary and Susan (married Samuel Ran-
nels), Nan(!y married Samuel Sieber, son
of Christian, who came from Berks County
in 1814), Catharine (married Abraliam Stoner),
George (marrial Polly Gingrich), Esther (mar-
ried Andrew Yocum), Lydia (married Jonas
Sieber), Jose])h (married Eliza Spangler), S;im-
uel. The widow of George moved to IjOgans-
port, Ind. Her children were Joseph, William,
Catharine and Nancy M. The latter married
Thomas H. McKee, clerk of the United States
Senate document room.
David Allen was a soldier of the Revolution,
after Avhich he came to this section of country,
1783 ; soon after married Mary, a daughter of
Robert Nelson, and bought eighty acres of land,
on which he settled. A large tract of land, cou-
858
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
taining four hundred and twenty-three acres,
which was warranted March 8, 1755, to Wil-
liam Curran became in part the property of
Tench Coxe. This property was re-surveyed in
1802, and the west part, containing two hundred
and eleven acres, was assigned to Coxe, and
was sold to David Allen. The remainder of
the tract, two hundred and twelve acres, re-
mained in the estate of William Curran.
In February, 1816, a draft of land was made
for David Walker of three tracts, of which one
contained one hundred and fifty acres, war-
ranted to Samuel Armstrong, May 26, 1767,
one of one hundred and eighteen acres, war-
ranted to John Boner, January 21, 1772, and
one of one hundred and one acres, warranted
to James Armstrong November 14, 1767.
These lands were divided between David Allen
and David Walker, of which the latter received
sixty-six acres of the James Armstrong warrant
and David Allen the remainder. He died
August 18, 1839, aged seventy-eight years, and
his wife, February 28th, the next year. The
lands are now owned by Jerome Thompson, and
prior to 1816 they had been known as the Wil-
liam Cookson lands.
The children of David and Mary Allen were
Martha and Jane ; the former became the wife
of James Thompson, of Mexico, and the latter
the wife of INIitchell Thompson, who resided
about two miles below Thompsontown.
The Rev. William Logan became the
possessor of about two hundred acres of land
.soon after his settlement in 1777. His death
occurred in 1805, leaving a widow, Mary, who,
April 28, 1810, sold it to John Kepner.
The Rev. Hugh Magill settled upon the
glebe land in 1779, and remained there until
near his death, in 1805. He had two sons, and
a daughter who married Samuel Curran and
settled in the vicinity.
John Bower, in 1770, was assessed on a tract
of two hundred acres of land, which he war-
ranted January 21, 1772. He resided upon this
land until June 3, 1773, when he sold it to
George Amend. A tract adjoining was granted
on an order of survey to James Armstrong, De-
cember 5, 1766. This last tract was also sold
to George Amend, who, on 21st of April, 1777,
sold them to Joseph Cookson. They were said
to be located on D. O. Run. In reality they
are nearer Delaware Run, but the water upon
the land flows to D. O. Run, which probably
determined the location.
The Armstrong tract, in 1791, came to David
Wright, and the other, in part, to William Cook-
son, and in February, 1816, they were all plot-
ted to David Walker, who received sixty-six
acres, and the remainder passed to David Allen.
John, William and James McMinu, as young
men, were living on the Banks farm before
1812. About 1815 they moved to the David
Walker farm. John settled near there and at-
tained considerable influence; was a member of
Legislature from this county, and about 1850
opened a store at Slabtown (afterwards Van
Wert). He continued in business until the store
was destroyed by fire, in 1860. He died in
1876, leaving no descendants.
The name of James Boner is first found in
the roll of taxables in 1770, and he, with Fran-
cis West, is assessed on two hundred acres. It
is not known to whom the original warrant was
granted, but as early as April, 1755, West
bought the land at sheritf' s sale, and held until
sold to Boner in 1770.
From 1780 until his death James Boner had
two hundred and twenty-seven acres. It was
on this land that the tent in which the Rev.
William Logan preached was located, and in
1792 the trustees purchased the land on which
the church was built, an account of which will be
found in the history of the United Presbyterian
Church of Mexico. In 1813 the farm in part
was owned by Nathaniel Boner, and a part of
the farm is now owned by the descendants of
James Boner.
In 1789 Robert Hays purchased the greater
part of the James Boner tract and adjoining
lauds, which he patented as "Hayfield," Febru-
ary 9, 1790, containing two hundred and fifty
acres. There was at this time a school-house on
the tract, which is mentioned in a road petition
of that date. On May 10, 1792, Hays sold to
James Barr, who also owned on the river. The
land passed respectively, in 1801, 1802 and
1822, to Anthony Dearduif, David Kauffman
and Abraham Knisely ; the last, March 30,
JUNIATA COUNTY.
859
1835, sold to Samuel Sieber, whose son, Mich-
ael Sieber, now owns it.
In 1790, Capt. Matthew Rogers settled where
his grandson, Matthew, now lives. He was
captain of a company that went out from this
section in the War of 1812-14. The company
was in service from May 5, 1813, to November
5th, inclusive, and was under command of Col.
Eees Hill.
John Moore was born in Adams County,
and served in the Revolutionary army when
eighteen years of age. His father was a
(Quaker, but entered the army and was killed
at the battle of Brandywine. His son John
came to this region in 1788, and in that year
purchased fifty acres and owned one slave. In
the next year he owned one hundred acres. He
married Eleanor, the daughter of William Cur-
ran and sister of Samuel and INIargaret Curran.
He had three sons, of whom Robert and AVil-
liam settled on the home farm, near to Samuel
Curran's farm, and whose descendants are still
there. Dr. James Moore, a son, settled in Ful-
ton County.
The first of the family of Adams to settle in
Walker township were thi-ee brothers, — John,
William and Jacob. Their father, Jacob
Adams, however, settled in what is now Fay-
ette township, in 1795, on a farm adjoining
that of Robert Wilson, where he lived until his
death, in 1808. His wife was the widow of James
W^ilson, a blacksmith, and an older brother
of Robert. Mary, a daughter of the Widow Wil-
son, became the wife of the Hon. Daniel
Christie in later years.
In the year 1817 the three sons — John, Wil-
liam and Jacob — rented, of Christian Stauffer,
the old Robert Wilson farm, and continued
there until 182-5, when they were advised by
Daniel Christy to purchase the farm of Samuel
Custer, he having recently diet!. This farm
was a part of the old James Boner farm. The
brothers purchased the fiirm and settled upon it,
where some of their descendants now reside.
John Adams married Jane, a daughter of Cap-
tain Matthew Rodgers; William married Sarah,
a daughter of AVilliam Curran; and Jacob be-
came the husband of Margaret, a daughter of
Robert McMeen.
William Stretch was the pof5sessor of two
hundred and two acres of land, two horses
and one cow, in 1780, and lived u])on it until
1795. It was in t!ie limits of Walker town-
ship. A part of this land came to Michael
Bashore March, 2, 1816, who bought, at the
same time, a tract adjoining, of Epcnetus Hart.
These two tracts were both warranted March
8, 1786.
In the strip of land on the west side of the
river, and which was annexed to Fermanagh
in 1791, and now belongs to AYalker. Joseph
Poultney resided from 1769 to 1775, and for
several years prior to and after 1790 he was
running a ferry, which had its landing on the
east side about opposite Van Dyke Station. Of
others who may have lived there are John
Arnold, from 1792 to 1794; Peter, from 1795
to 1804; Michael Eeeord, from 1779 to 1799;
and John Stephenson, from 1788 to 1792.
Joseph Poultney also bought land on D. O.
Run, which was taken by Peter Frig, which he
sold to William Riddle June 1, 1768. It was
adjoining Riddle's other land and land of Fran-
cis West.
Thomas Poultney owned lands now Dr. L.
E. Atkinson's.
John Thompson, son of William Thompson,
who settled at and laid out Thompsontown,
about 1804, purchased a tract of land, opposite
Van Dyke Station, of the heirs of Joseph
Poultney, and was patented as the " Happy
Banks of Goshen." A road was laid out in
1813 from James Thompson's mill to the
Goshen road, which then ran along at, or near,
the foot of the hill from opposite to Thomp-
sontown to near Port Royal.' Mr. Thompson,
who settled here, was known as Goshen John,
to distinguish him from Bridge John, who
lived below Thompsontown. The school-house
now on that side of the river is known as the
Goshen School-house. The land is now owned
by Bazer or Bashore.
Churche-s. — The Free Spring German Bap-
tist Church, located near Van AVert, was built
of brick in 1861. The congregation embraces
two hundred and seventy-five members, and is
under the charge of the Rev. Solomon Sieber.
' See accuuut of Goshen road in Turbett township.
860
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The Evangelical Church at Locust Run,
was built in 1861, and is under charge of a cir-
cuit, with a parsonage at Thompsontown. Ser-
vices were held at the place several years before
the church was erected.
There are several burial-places in the town-
ship, which were the sites of early meeting-
houses. Cedar Spring burial-place was chosen
as a place for a meeting-house in 1763, and a
meetiug-house begun, but discontinued by reason
of Indian troubles, and in 1767 two hundred
and thirty-two acres of land were secured and a
house built, which was used until about 1805.
The history of this congregation will be found
in the sketch of the Presbyterian Church of
Mifflintown.
The United Presbyterians were organized in
1777, and preaching was held in various places,
and in 1790 in a tent on the site of the old
grave-yard near the Adams place. The land
was bought in 1792 and a church building
erected, which was used until about 1840. An
account of this congregation will be found in
the sketch of the United Presbyterian congre-
gation of Mexico.
lu a survey made in 1801 a meetiug-house
is laid down as being about two hundred rods
from the great road and on the ridge in rear of
the tract then belonging to John Hamilton's
heirs, now to Samuel Yeager and Joiiu Mertz.
This old meeting-house was for the use of all
denominations, and was in use many years. A
meetiug-house formerly stood in the old burial-
ground near the property of Mrs. Sarah Wetzel,
in the ridges at the north side of the township.
Schools. — The first mention of a school-
house in what is now Walker township is
found in road record of 1790, where a school
house is mentioned as being on land of Robert
Hayes (now Michael Seiber). In 1838 a school
was taught in old Seceder Church, near the
house, which was taught by Brown.
One of the first-mentioned school-masters in
what is now Walker is Jesse Meredith, who
is assessed as such in the year 1781, and
continued until past 1831. In the year 1798,
June 11th, an article of agreement is made be-
tween Henry McCullough and subscribers, by
which he is to teach the pupils sent to him for
the amount subscribed, and the subscribers are
to provide " a sufficient school-house and every
other equipment suitable." The sum fixed for
each pupil was .£1 6s. 8c?. The names and
number of childi'en sent by each subscriber are
here given : John Heays, 1 ; David Walker,
3; William Cookson, 2; William Fowles, 1 ;
Gavin Frow, 1 ; William Riddle, 1 ; James
Riddle, 1 ; John O'Bryan, 1 ; AVilliam Hinton,
1 ; John Moore, 1 ; John Riddle, 2 ; Matthew
Brown, — ; James McKinstry, 1 ; William
Adams, 1 ; James Watres, — ; Thomas Mc-
Len ; Thomas Warwick, 2 ; Martha Johnston,
— ; Caleb Griffith, 2 ; John McKee, — ; Johu
Love, 1 ; David IMcClellaud, — ; Jacob Shear-
er, 1 ; Christopher Wills, 2 ; Cornelius Con-
ner, — .
Heading the subscribers' names are the fol-
lowing lines, written evidently by Mr. McCul-
lough :
" These lines wrote on the other side,
My friends in them you may confide.
If you put the house in repair,
I will discharge my duty there."
The school-house in which Mr. McCullough
was to teach was on the land of David Walker,
and on the 28th of November in this year, 1798,
David Walker leased it for twenty-one years
to James Riddle, John Moore, William Cook-
son and John Riddle, trustees for schools, who
were appointed for that purpose. The terms of
the lease were for occupancy for twenty-one
years from April 1, 1799, with privilege of
cutting dead wood for the' use of the school-
house, and privilege of use of the spring by the
pupils, for which the trustees were to pay one
cent per annum, and to collect money " in order
to discharge the workmen's bills and other in-
gredients that has been applied to said school-
house preceding this date," and to keep the
house in good repair during the terms of the
lease.
In 1810, and for several years after, Andrew
Banks was a teacher at this school-house. The
subscribers to an agreement dated December 11th
are Isaac Williams, Elizabeth Liutner, Catha-
rine Adams, Daniel Christy, James Cunningham,
Richard Bell, Barney Valentine, Christy Irvin,
William Miller, Michael Bashore, Elizabeth
JUNIATA COUNTY.
861
Sliirk, RohiTt McMeen, John Brown, William
Dill, David Walker, James Banks and Samuel
Belford. A school-house, about 1800, stood
near Van Wert, on the old Curran farm, and
in 1836 school was kept there by William
Knox, and in 1838 by John Caveny, both of
whose names are found in different parts of the
county as teachers. The Clearfield school-
house was first built of logs about 1827, was
burned down, rebuilt of stone, and is owned
by Jacob Knisely. The frame house was the
third one in the neighborhood and was built at
Centreville. The present one, of brick, was
built in 1878.
The school-houses in Walker township are
Centre, Mexico, IMt. Pleasant (Dogtowu), Swamp
(back of Mexico), Red Rock, Free Spring (Van
Wert), Locust Run (on Locust Run), Flint
(beyond Ridge), Goshen (on west side), Early
Peach Blossom.
The tract of land on which this village is
situated, was taken up by James Patterson,
February 5, 1755.
The D. O. Run passes through the tract and
the town was laid out on the west side. The
Patterson mill was on the east side of the run,
and was the first on the north side of the river
in the county. After the death of Captain
James Patterson, iiis son James sold the lands on
the east side of the run, that extended back from
the river, also one embracing four hundred
aud forty-one acres, including other lands than
the original tract, to Galbraith Patterson, a son
of William. He sold the tract to Ludwig Zim-
merman, who had it surveyed August 19, 1792,
and sold three hundred and fifty-nine acres to
Christopher Crowe, by whom it was divided be-
tween himself and Henry and George Crowe.
The whole tract, however, April 3, 1802, was
sold to Tobias Kreider, who settled upon it.
William Thompson, of Thompsontown, pur-
chased the Patterson property, on the east side of
the run, about 1809, aud also a part of the
land on the west side of the run, and in 1810
erected the present stone grist-mill. It was
evidently the intention at that time to lay
out a town at this place, and a date-stone was
built into the new mill bearing the following
inscription :
"New Mexico Mill, built by William Thompson,
1810. "
S. Vinea, Mason,
Virtue, Liberty and Independence be thine,
success to Farmers and Mechanics."
In the year 1770 a road was laid out from
the Lost Creek settlement, past the Cedar
Spring, to .Tames Patterson's mill. In 1808 the
line of stages of the Juniata Stage Company be-
gan running past the place. In 1810, Tobias
Kreider established a ferry, which he continued
until 1821. In 1813 a road was laid out from
James Thompson's mill to the Goshen road.
In 1818 the turnpike was built through the
place and completed in 1822. James Thomp-
son, who settled at the place upon the comple-
tion of the mill, in 1810, was the son of William
Thompson, of Thompsontown, and married
Martha, a daughter of David Allen, by whom
he had three sons, — Charles A., Allen A. and
Jerome, of whom the latter is living on part of
the Kreider tract. The mill property came to
the sons after their father's death. Samuel
Thompson, a brother of James, was engaged in
merchandising at the place with his brothers
until about 1827.
In the year 1812 Tobias Kreider laid out the
towai of New Mexico, on the Crowe lands, on the
west side of the run. iCain Street was on the
west side of the present turnpike, and was the
one on which the first buildings were erected.
The laying out of the turnpike in 1818 changed
the village somewhat. Tobias Kreider began
the sale of lots in December 22, 1812, and on
that date sold to Thomas Henderson lot No. 28,
and to Abraham Wilson lot No. 30, and April
16 and 26, 1813, a lot to John Hammel. In
1820 John Swan Blair opened the tavern
known as the Old Tavern-Stand. Blair kept
the tavern for many years, and the building
stood on the site of Jacob Richenbaugh's pres-
ent residence ; two other buildings were used as
taverns at different times. In 1814 James
Thompson began a store at the place and con-
tinued many years, aud in 1821 a post-oflSee
was established and he became the postmaster,
and continued until his death. He was succeeded
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
by Charles Thompson, Jacob Fraukhouser,
William Gingrich, Jacob Richenbaugh, Sr.,
Jacob llicheubaugh, Jr., and William Hetrich,
■\vhicli last is the present incumbent. Francis
Jordan sunk a tan-yard on the lot now owned
by John Motzer in 1812, which was continued
until 1856. Evan Evans carried on a fulling-
mill in the place from 1818 to past 1831.
Hugh Knox, a blacksmith, carried on a shop
there from 1814 to 1830. William Turbett, a
mason, built one of the stone houses in the town
about 1828. The stone houses in the town were
all, with this exception, built by the Thompsons.
Samuel Vine, also a mason, was living iu the
township, and built the Thompson mill in 1810,
and in 1819 built a stone bridge over D. O.
E-uu, which later was washed away. Samuel
Thompson was a store-keeper at the place with
James Thompson from 1814 to 1827. In 1857
Charles Thompson, Samuel Laird and Smith
Blair were each keeping store, the latter at the
canal, and in that year John Motzer and Jerome
Thompson opened a new store at the upper end
of Main Street, and continued many years.
Tiie stores at present iu the town are kept by
William Hetrich and by VV. H. Kurtz. The
mill, after the death of James Thompson, was run
for several years by his heirs, and sold to Jerome
Hetrich, who operated it until his death, in 1877,
and it is now owned by his heirs.
The foundry, now unused, was built by Charles
Thompson about 1836, and was run for about
thirty years.
Jerome Hetrich, son of Peter, began business
about 1856, in the store with Blair, on the
canal-bank, which was kept until his death.
The mill property afterwards came into his
possession.
The United Brethren of this region erected a
meeting-house in Mexico, iu 1845, on a lot
bought of James Thomj)son October 12, 1844,
which was burned down about 1857 and re-
built. The congregation is under charge with
others, and is without a regular pastor. The
old Thompson cemetery lies on the hill back
from the town, and is now unused. Another
cemetery, now unused, is on the Jerome Thomp-
son farm. The Union Cemetery, that is located on
the road from Mexico to Mifflintown, is where
the dead of this section of country are mostly,
buried. About 1837 the old church back of
Mexico, known as the Logan, having become
dilapidated, it was deemed advisable to build a
new one at Mexico. The following is an authen-
tic history of the congregation since its organi-
zation, iu 1777 :
United Presbyterian Church. — It is
derived from the epitaph to the Rev. William
Logan that he began preaching to this people
in 1777, in which year the church was organ-
ized. It is tradition that the first preaching-
place was near Jericho. The first trustworthy
information is found in a road record in a
petition for a bridle-path :
March, 1790.
" From Sunbury road through Lost Creek Settle-
ment, to the tent where the Rev. William Logan
preachea on the land of James Boner, over the Cedar
Ridge ; i'rom thence to the school-house on land of
Robert Hayes, thence to Joseph Poultney's Ferry on
the Juniata."
How long the tent of William Logan had
been used is not known. On the first of May,
1792, James Boner and wife sold to
"James Taylor, Esq., James Barr, David Walker,
David Davidson and John Campbell, chosen as Trus-
tees for the Presbyterian congregation iu Fermanagh
township, uuder charge of the Rev. William Logan,
one and one-sixteenth acres of land joining Robert
Hayes, and on the great road leading from Robert
Nelson's house to David Miller's Ferry on the
Juniata River."
In this deed a right of way was given the
congregation to a certain spring of water for
their use, aud which has been used within the
memory of many,
A hewed-log house was erected on the lot
and used until about 1842, when it was aban-
doned, a stone church building having been
erected in 1837 at Mexico. The Rev. W^illiam
Logan served the church until his death. May
19, 1805. He and his wife are buried in the
church-yard. He was succeeded iu 1808 by
the Rev. Thomas Smith, a native of Ireland,
who also had charge of the Tuscarora congrega-
tion at McCoystowu, where he resided. He
remained in charge until his death, February
12, 1832. The Rev. James Shields was in-
stalled pastor June 18, 1835, and died August,
19, 1862. The Rev. Joseph McCartney was
JUNIATA COUNTY.
863
installed May 18, 1863, and resigned July 10,
1867, when the present pastor, the Rev. Fran-
cis McBurney succeeded, and was installed Sep-
tember in that year. The hou^e is long since
gone, but the grave-yard is still used, and many
of the early families are resting there. An ad-
dition was made to the grave-yard. May 4, 1813,
by the purchase of land of Nathaniel Boner by
David Walker, William Curran, Jr., and James
Tiiompson, trustees. The old grave-yard con-
tains the remains of many of the old families.
The slab that marks the resting-place of the
Ivev. William Logan, so long pastor of the con-
gregation, cjntains the following:
"Interred is the dust of Rev. WilHam Logan.
Scotland was the place of his birth and education
The sacred ministry his choice. He was born in the
year 1743, arrived in America Nov., 1773, died sud-
denly on Sabbath day, 19th of May, 1805, in the 63d year
of his age, after preaching that forenoon. For twenty-
eight years, with diligence and fldelity, he discharged
the duty of his office to his tiock in Fermanagh and
llaccooa Valley. Prudence, Piety, Moderation,
Good Sense and Sound Patriotism were some of his
characteristics. A faithful husband and a steady
friend. ' But he is gone from us. Blessed is the
dead who die in the Lord.'
" Mortals who read the matter duly weigh.
In this uncertain world you cannot stay.
Seek readiness for death without delay."
There were two school-houses built in the
town before 1830, which were used until 1860,
when they were both abandoned and the present
double house erected.
Several rope ferries have been kept across the
river since 1821, and latterly by William
Fowles, who kept an iron-rope ferry, and by
Franklin Frankhouser. The bridge was built
in 1883 by the bridge company.
MIFFLINBUEG, OR TAYI.ORSTOWN.
About three-quarters of a mile below Mifflin-
town, and on the river, is one house ; au almost
unused road runs from the river eastward. The
older citizens remember the locality as Taylors-
town, and but few are aware that at one time it
was a regularly laid-out town, yet such is the
fact. The tract on which it was laid out was
warranted by Robert Campbell on the 8th day
of September, 1755. The plot contains two
hundred and seventy acres, with six per cent.
allowance. It wa.s " Resurveyed the 12th day
May, 1767, according to the old lines made by
Colonel John Armstrong in Pursuance of a War-
rant from the Hou'l:>le Proprietaries to Robert
Campbell, Bearing date at Philada. the 8th day
of Sept., 1755." The survey wa.s signed by
William Maclay. The land was bounded on the
west by the Juniata River, on the north by
Ale.xander Latferty's land (now Mifflintowu),
on the east by John McGinty's land. It was
seized on an execution and sold by the sheriiF to
Francis W&st, June 3, 1757, who, on July 21,
1769, conveyed to James Taylor, who first ap-
pears on the tax-roll of the county in 1770, and
in 1772 he has two hundred acres, one servant
and a horse.
At the convention held at Carpenter's Hall, in
Philadelphia, in 1776, James Taylor was ap-
pointed judge of election of the Third District of
Cumberland County. The election was held at
the house of Robert Campbell, who then owned
the Middle Mill, in Milford township. The
election was held on the 8th of July, at which
time they had not heard the Declaration of Inde-
pendence. On the 9th of June, 1777, James
Taylor was appointed justice of the peace of
Fermanagh township, and served as such till
his death, about 1808. The exact time James
Taylor, Esq., laid out a town upon this plot of
land is not known, but it was about 1789, and
named " Mifiiinburgh."
In 1790, one year before MifBintown was
laid out, " Mifflinburgh " is marked separately
in the assessment roll of Fermanagh township,
and John Fright, Alexander and Samuel Jack-
son and John ]\IcClure are each assessed on lots
in that new town.
In 1796 John Gustine (the father of Amos
Gustine, who settled in ^Mitilintown in 1811, as
a school-teacher and later as a merchant), bought
nine acres of laud adjoining the town, upon
which he erected a cooper-shop and conducted it
several years, and soon after three and one-half
acres were sold to William Speedy. Samuel
Nieman conduetetl a pottery from 1821-28.
The i>lot contained over one hundred and eighty
five lots, as in a printed form of deed dated
18tli March, 1805, James Taylor conveys to
James Blair for £8 ISs. 3d.; lot 185, which
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
is as follows : " One lot of ground in the
new town, called Miftlinburgh, laid out by
the said James Taylor between the bank of the
Juniata Kiver and the Great Road leading up
the river from the Susquehanna to Lewistowu,
thence to the new country westward." ' Streets
are mentioned in deeds, road records, etc., as
Market Street, Chestnut Street, Rasjiberry Alley.
Lots were each fifty-two and one-half by two
hundred feet, and were each subject to a ground-
rent of eleven shillings and three pence yearly.
Mention is made in the court records several
times of MifHinburg, and in 1794 a petition is
made for a road from John Lyons, " through
the town of MifHinburg, to John McClelland's
old ferry." This road was confirmed in April,
1796, and is mentioned as starting from Market
Street, on the northeast side of Mifflinburg.
This road is still to be seen and is used from the
canal to the turnpike. John McClellan's ferry
was first established at Mifflinburg several
years before, and, it will be noticed, is here men-
tioned as the " Old Ferry." In the petition for
a road, in 1793, from Mifflintown to what is now
McAlisterville, the proposed road was to start
from the fording at Mifflintown, and in 1795,
when it was completed, it is mentioned as
" begining at Mifflintown, ojiposite John Mc-
Clelland's ferry, he having moved it up from
Mifflinburg a short time before."
James Taylor died about 1808, and left nine
children, of whom was Matthew, a son in whom
the property was vested. Andrew Walker sur-
veyed the estate for the heirs of James Taylor,
deceased, January 14, 1814, and after reciting
its warrant and number of acres, says : " A part
of the above tract of land is laid out into a town
called Mifflinburgh, by James Taylor, Esq.,
dec'd ; said Taylor sold nine acres of said land
to John Gustine, and three and one-half acres to
William Speedy, and thirty-nine scattering lots
to other persons, each to contain a quarter of
an acre."
The property, containing at this time two
hundred and fifly-two acres, was sold, March
11, 1815, by Matthew Taylor to David and
John Aliller. The village did not thrive and
iThe quotation here given is in print,
seemed to lose entirely the name of Mifflinburg
and was known as Taylorstown, and the locality
is still known as such. The lots were in time
absorbed in the farm, and are now owned as
farm lands by Ezra D. Parker and Calvin B.
North.
MOUNT PLEASANT.
A settlement on the turnpike below Mifflin-
town was a part of a large tract of land origin-
ally owned by James Riddle, and later came in
parcels to William McCrum, John Davidson
and Dr. Philo Hamlin. The old two-story
stone house built by James Riddle the elder,
with seventy two acres, was bought of James
Riddle by Dr. Philo Hamlin, of Mifflintown,
June 15, 1847. In 1798 Samuel Belford had
at this place a blacksmith-shoj) and John Rid-
dle a wagon-shop. They are mentioned in a
road record of a few years' later date. They
kept these shops at the place for many years.
Adam Johnston purchased a tract of land at the
place March 29, 1824, of John Davison, and
soon after erected a stone hotel, which, being on
the turnpike and well kept, soon became a
favorite stopping-place with the wagoners. He
purchased other lands near by in 1 828. He began
selling lots in 1850 and about 1854 sold the
most of the remainder to Robert C. Gallagher.
Dr. Philo Hamlin, in April, 1840, bought of
the heirs of Jane Belford, who was a daughter
of William McCrum, twenty-one acres of land
near the place, which was in 1842 sold to Henry
Kaiiffman. The settlement had obtained the
name of Dogtown, but upon the settlement of
Dr. Philo Hamlin ujaon the old Riddle place
it was changed to " Mount Pleasant," which it
still retains, although the old name still clings
to it.
CENTREVILLE, OR VAN DYKE.
This is a settlement in Walker township, be-
tween Mexico and Thompsontown, and is
located on the east part of the Elizabeth Lukens
tract. John Stauifer, in the year 1808, opened
a tavern at this place and continued till his
death, after 1857. It was in this year the
Juniata Stage Company began running a line
of stages from Clarke's Ferry, near the mouth
of the Juniata, to Huntingdon, past this place.
This tavern became a noted stopping-place for
JUNIATA COUNTY.
865
the stages, and after the completion of the turn-
pike, in 1822, for wagoners also. It was not
until 1854 the Lutheran brick church was
erected. The congregation was composed of
residents in the vicinity who had attended
church farther away. This congregation came
under the same care as the congregations of
Thompsontown and McAlistcrville, an account
of which will be found in those settlements. A
school-house for many years had been at Clear-
field before 1835, and soon after the completion
of the church a school-house was built at this
place and served its purpose until 1878, when
the present one was built on its site.
VAN WEET.
This place was first known as Slabtown, and
is on the old Curran tract. About 1850 John
McMinn established a store at the place, which
continued until 1860, when it was destroyed by
fire. A post-office and store are now kept by
W. W. Dimm.
DAVIS LOCK.
In August, 1848, Augustus Jones oi^eued a
store at this place, located between the lock and
the river. In 1851 he sold out to Ezra Pettis
and Colonel Ray, who continued it two years
and sold to ^lorgau R. Davis, who kept it until
1857, when it was abandoned.
CHAPTER XVIII.
DELAWARE TOWNSHIP.
In the year 1835 a petition was presented to
court, asking that a new township be formed
out of part of Walker and Greenwood. In
answer to this petition, viewers were appointed
to examine the territory, and, if deemed advis-
able lay out a township, and report to the court.
John Patterson, 8. Turbett and A. Gustine,
viewers, reported September 2, 1835, and pre-
sented a draft of the proposed boundaries and
suggested to the court that the new township be
called Delaware.
The report was filed September 9, 1835, and
on the iitli of December of the same year it was
referred back to the original viewers for cor-
rections. At the next session of the court the
amended report was presented with the fuUow-
ing specification :
" To the Honorable the Judges within mentioned
And now to witt 27th day of January, 1836. On
reconsideration began at a post corner soutlieast cor-
ner of Fayette township ; then south five degrees east
three miles and one liundred and thirty-two perches
to a chestnut oak on tlie summit of Turkey Ridge,
standing in the line of Perry County ; tlience along
the different courses of the same as aforesaid, as rep-
resented by the red line through the above draught
and humbly submit tlie same to court.
" A. GUSTIXE,
"S. TUKBETT."
The report was laid over until February 3,
1836, when it was read in open court and con-
firmed.
The township is bounded on the south by
Perry County, on the east by Perry County
and Greenwood township, Juniata County, on
the north, by Fayette township and on the
west by Walker township. Cocolamus Creek
extends through the northeastern part of the
township, and Delaware Run, which rises in
Fayette township, flows in a southwesterly
direction through Thompsontown and enters
the Juniata a short distance below the town.
This stream doubtless took its name from the
Delaware Indians, and is called Delaware Run
in the earliest I'ecords, papers and surveys.
Early Settlements. — There were many
tracts of laud in the territory of the purchase of
1754 that were located by speculators, whose
names disappear after a few years. A tract of
six hundred acres, adjoining land of James
Crampton, was taken up or purchased by Boyu-
ton, Wharton, Morgan & Co., before 1767, :is
they are assessed on that amount of land in that
year, who held it until 1787. In 1769 they
are assessed on six hundred acres of land in
Lack township. They were a firm of Philadel-
phia merchants, who took up lands in diifereut
parts of the New Purchase and also in the pur-
chase of 1768, lying farther west. They became
possessed of many thousands of acres, not only
in Pennsylvania, but in the Northwest Territory,
those embracing Ohio.
Thomas Evans resided here from 1767 to
1771, and his lands passed to the Cooksons.
James Gallao-her resided near the river from
866
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
1763 to 1780, when he disappears. Of other
names of j)arties who took up lauds, some of
whom resided here, are Edmund Huff, Edward
Edwards, James McLin, Duncan McDougal.
The following sketches are of a few of the
early families who settled within the limits of
M'hat is now Delaware township :
William Stewart, whose name appears on the
assessment roll of Fermanagh township in
1763, came to this county in October, 1752,
with his parents, Archibald and Margaret Stew-
art, from Newry, Ireland, and in September,
1753, came up the Juniata and settled on what
later was known as the " Bark Tavern Tract,"
in Perry County. He was driven off by the
Indians, as were the other settlers, and went
down to the other side of the mountains, near
Carlisle. In 1761 he came up the Juniata River,
above his early settlement, to one mile above
what is now Thomjjsontown, and on November
17th, in that year, purchased of Henry Cooper
a tract of three hundred acres of land, which
was warranted to Jas. Chambers, September 8,
1755, and conveyed to Cooper July 15, 1761.
In September, 1763, he warranted forty-three
acres adjoining. He returned to near Carlisle
in the second exodus of the settlers, and in 1765
married, and Elizabeth, his wife, in an affidavit
made in 1810, says that in the spring of 1766
they went to the settlement on Little Juniata
Creek, now Centre township. Perry County,
(where an account of their earlj- settlement will
be found), and in the fall of 1766 they came to
the settlement above Delaware Run, where he
lived until his death. On August 1:3, 1708, he
purchased an improvement on the opposite side
of the river from his settlement, of William
'\Mllcox. This tract was then in Milford town-
ship, and in 1791 came to Fermanagh. A part
of the land on this side, called " Barley-field and
Hop-yard," was sold November 24, 1775, to
William Brown and David Walker.
The settlers in this region, then known as the
Western County, though themselves struggling
with adverse circumstances, responded to the
appeal in 1774 of the sufferers of Boston by the
infamous Stamp Act, and of the contributors
was William Stewart, who paid to that end
sixteen shillings. He was out on dutv with
others from this section in 1778, as the follow-
ing will set forth :
"Permit the bearer, William Stuart, to pass un-
molested to Cumberland County, as be hatb served
two months honestly and faithfully in the 4th Class
of Cumberland Militia. Given under my hand this
4th day of January, 1778.
"Philip Mathias, Capt."
His name also appears in 1780 among those
who were associated in this county for protec-
tion. He lived until the close of the Revolu-
tion and died July 29, 1784, and his wife, Eliz-
abeth, lived with her children until August 12,
1822.
The following receipt is of interest :
'' Received of Mrs. Elizabeth Stewart one musket,
bayonet and belt complete, the property of the United
States.
"Samuel Beyson,
" Lieutenant Mifflin County.
"September 2,1798."
The children of William and Margaret Stew-
art were John, Wilson, Sarah, Mary, Margaret,
Gracey, Elizabeth, Rachel and Reliecca.
John, the eldest, married Elizabeth, a
daughter of David Walker, and settled on the
home-farm and died April 13, 1831, aged sixty
years and ten months. He was a justice of the
peace from 1821. His son David succeeded to
the farm and died in September, 1836, aged
thirty years, the last of the name. The jjrop-
erty now belongs to J. Stewart Lukens, a de-
scendant of William Stewart and grandson of
Henry and Gracey (Stewart) Lukens. The
children of John Stewart were Anna (Mrs.
Abraham Lukens) ; Elizabeth died unmarried ;
David manned Elizabeth McAllister ; William
died March, 1832; Wilson died May, 1814;
Eliza married Dr. Cyrus McCurdy ; Mary be-
came the wife of Dr. John Irvin. Of the other
children of William and Margaret Stewart,
Sarah married Abraham Deen ; Mary became
Mrs. Noble Crawford ; Margaret married
George Brown ; Gracey married Henry Lukens ;
Elizabeth married Isaac Cook ; Jean became
the wife of Andrew Thompson, tailor ; Rachel,
Mrs. John Thompson ; and Rebecca, Mrs.
Andrew Thompson, whose husband was a
farmer.
In the year 1799, Widow Elizabeth Stewart
JUNIATA COUNTY.
867
was assessed ou a shad fishery, then kept at Black
Rock, which was at the Stewart farm, on the
river.
The Stewart farm was, in 175(i, owned hy
James Cliamljers and occupied Ijy Edward Nicli-
olas, his wife and ciiiklreu, — Joseph, Thomas,
Catharine and Edward. William Willcox lived
on the opposite side of the river. In February,
1756, Shamokiu Daniel, with a party of Indi-
ans, came up the Juniata and stopped at Hugh
Micheltree's house and killed his wife and young-
Edward Nicholas, who was staying with her
while her husband was away to Carlisle. The
Indians then went up the river to the Chambers
tract and killed old Edward Nicholas and his
wife and took the children and John Willcox,
James Armstrong's wife and two children
prisoners. On March 29th, the same year, Hugh
]\Iicheltree was taken prisoner. In the fall of
that year Samuel Clifford, son of Joseph and
Catharine Nicholas, two of the children carried
oif by Shamokin Daniel's party at a Tutelo
town, forty miles above Tioga (now two miles
from Ithaca, N. Y.), a town lately destroyed by
Sullivan.
The reader is referred to the third chapter of
the General History for an account of the In-
dian troubles.
James Crampton ^\■arranted land ou the Ju-
niata River, as the following receipt will show :
"Philadelphia, May 12, 1755.
" Received of James Crampton fifty shillings in part
for fifty acres, as to be surveyed to him adjoining
other land granted him by warrant of this day on the
waters of Juniata, Cumberland County.
" For the Hon. the Proprietors,
" Edmund Physick."
Ou the other side of this receipt is the fol-
lowing assignment :
" I hereby assign to David Stout my Eight to the
lands within mentioned, as a security on his passing
his word for me to appear at next Court and enter
Special Bail in the action of James Collom.
" Witness my Hand the 22d of December, Anno
Dom. 1762.
"James Cramptox.
"Felix Donnelly."
The Donnelly who signed as witness to this
paper was killed by the Indians at Big Spring,
near Huntingdon, Pa., June 19, 1777. The
name of David Stout does not appear in the
assessment roll of Fermanagh township, and he
probably did not enter as " Special Bail."
In 1767 Crampton is assessed for one hun-
dred acres of land, ten acres cleared, two h(jrses
and one cow. He remained on the land until
his death, in 1788, and in 1789 his heirs are in
possession of the property.
Adjoining his land Edward Huff warranted
two hundred and fifty-six acres on Delaware
Run, October, 1766, which was patented as
" Barley-field."
From 1789 the name disappears from the
county ; the lands came into possession of the
Cooksons, and are now in ])art owned by Sam-
uel Evans and John Kurtz, and lie about a mile
above the Evans mill.
James Micheltree was a warrantee in this
township, in 1756, but where is not known ; but
the farm now owned by Robert Thompson and
William G. Thompson was taken up by him on an
order of survey. No. 3229, March 22, 1761, and
where he lived until his death, in the early jjart
of 1803 ; he also took up on order of survey a
tract March 27, 1767. In his will, made Jan-
uary 3d in that year, he ajjpointed James Mc-
Lin and David Walker executors of the estate,
who sold it, April 1st the same year, to John
Thompson, who, on the 6th of March, 1817,
conveyed it to Andrew Thomjjson, farmer,
who married Rebecca, daughter of William
Stewart.
The family of Micheltree became extinct in
this section, with the death of the one here men-
tioned. One Hugh IMicheltree was carried off
l)y the Indians March 29, 1756. John is men-
tioned from 1768 to 1782 as a drover ; Samuel
in 1770 ; Joseph in 1792. John Tennis, who
purchased in 1761 the laud on a part of which
Thompsontown is laid, and who sold a part in
1770 to John Kepler, kept one hundred and
fifty acres that lay above the old river bridge.
He had four sous, — William, Stephen, Anthony
and Samuel. William Mas in the Revolution-
ary War, and does not again appear. Samuel
is mentioned as a freeman in 1776, and as
owner of land and stock from 1777 to 1793,
JUxNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
when he went West ; Anthony, as a freeman
from 1785 to 1790, and owner of land and
stock from 1793 to 1802, when he sold
and went West ; Stephen, as a freeman
from 1788, owning stock in 1791 and land
from 1796. He settled upon the homestead
and died there in 1808. John Tenuis, now
living in Fayette township, eighty-four years
of age, is a sou of Stephen. When fifteen years
of age (1817) he learned the trade of a black-
smith of Samuel Belford, then living at what is
now Mount Pleasant. He worked at his trade
for several years, at Mifflin and Jericho, and in
1833 bought a farm in Walker township, where
he lived until 1865, when he moved to Fayette,
where he now lives. Of the family of Tennis
who now live in Thompsontown, Israel Tennis
came to this place in 1841, from Montgomery
County. A brother, William, had lived below
the town since 1820. The family probably
have a common origin, but it is not certainly
known. The Tennis lands are now owned by
the heirs, William and Robert Thompson.
John Tennis, Sr., purchased one hundred and
eighty acres of George Patterson February 4,
1879.
The name of Thomas Jordan appeared in 1 766
as the owner of two hundred acres of land wiiioli
he had warranted in that year, and the land re-
mained uuseated for several years, and in 1776
he erected upon it, and upon Delaware Run, a
little below the site of the present Evans mill, a
grist-mill, which was continued until about
1803. The stones that were used in this old
mill are still in use at the mill of Samuel Evans.
Soon after the grist-mill was erected a saw-mill
was built and a distillery a few years later. In
1791 a road was laid from David Walker's to
Jordan's mill, and thence down to John Smith's
mill, on Cocolamus Creek, which was farther
down, and had been in operation from 1785.
In 1794 Thomas Jordan took up on warrants
other lands near his mill lands. He became in-
volved financially, and February 10, 1802,
his projjerty was sold at sheriff's sale, and
bought in by Elias W. Hale, of Lewistown, as
attorney for General Louis Evans, of Mont-
gomery County, who moved at once to the
lands and began improvements. The property
then consisted of the mill tractof three hundred
acres, the grist and saw-mill and two hundred
acres in Greenwood township. At that
time the distillery was abandoned. In the next
year General Evans erected a four-story stone
grist-mill between the present mill and the site
of the old mill, which was used until 1871, when
S. Owen Evans erected the present one. The old
saw-mill was nearly half a mile above the
present mill, and was abandoned soon after its
purchase and a new saw-mill built near the
grist-mill, which was rebuilt about 1815 and
abandoned about 1845. The present saw-mill
was erected by S. Owen Evans in 1857.
An oil-mill was built in 1803, near the
old saw-mill up the creek, which was used
about thirty years. To it was attached another
building in which carding and fulling-machines
were placed and operated. About 1820 this
was enlarged and the manufacture of woolen
goods was begun, which continued until a few
years ago. The old log house of Thomas Jor-
dan is still standing, and in 1812 General Evans
built the east part of the stone mansion, to
which, in 1835, an addition was made. About
1820 General Evans purchased a part of the
Cookson lands and other lands which embraced
parts of the old Crampton, Evans and Lukens
tracts. These lands are now owned by Samuel
Owen Evans and the heirs of John Kurtz.
S. Owen Evans is of Welsh extraction. His
grandfather, George Evans, Jr., resided near
the Trappe, in Montgomery County, Pa. He
married Elizabeth North, of the same county,
whose children were Frederick, Lewis, Lydia,
who married Charles Cookson, and Caleb, who
died at the age of twenty-one years. Lewis,
who served in the War of 1812, was a native of
Montgomer}^ County, and, by occupation, both
a miller and a farmer. He married Amelia
Groathouse, whose children were Julia Ann,
wife of Dr. T. I. Davis ; S. Owen ; Lydia, mar-
ried to Dr. T. I. Davis ; Mary, wife of Adam
H. Atkinson ; and Amelia, wife of James
Mathers.
The death of Mr. Evans occurred on the 18th
of August, 1852, in his seventy-fifth year. His
son, S. Owen Evans, was born on the IStii of
February, 1807, in Greenwood township, Mif-
JUNIATA COUNTY.
869
flin (bounty (near Thomjisontown), on or near
which spot his wliole life has been passed. The
enbscription schools of the day enabled him to
acquire a rudimentary education, liis attendance
being chiefly confined to the winter months,
after which he gave a hand at the work on the
farm and in the mill, and assisted his father in
his various business enterprises. On the death
of the latter, August 18, 1852, lie came into
possession of the property included in the
farming, he now devotes his attention exclu-
sively to milling. In his political predilections
Mr. Evans is a pronounced Kepublican, having,
in former years, affiliated with the Whig party.
Though active in the political field and at various
times the incumbent of offices in the township,
he is not an aspirant for official position. His
influence has been marked in all matters which
affect the welfare of Delaware township. JNIr.
Evans was educated in the faith of the Protest-
-^,6
-^^•^ ^■^^,^.>^
farm, and purchased the mill. He was, on the
13th of August, 1844, married to Amelia,
daughter of Hon. George Kremer, of Snyder
County, Pa. The children of this marriage are
George Kremer, who resides with his father and
assists him in business ; Ibri, deceased ; and
Aurelius Bradford, of Carrollton, Greene Co.,
111. Mr. Evans, prior to the death of his lather,
managed his business affairs almost exclusively,
and after that event continued these enterprises
in his own behalf. Havina; recently abandoned
ant Episcopal Church, to which he still faith-
fully ad hei'es.
The name of Jordan was quite well known in
an early day, and was probably connected with
Thomas Jordan, if not his sons. David Joi-dan,
from 1787 to 1798, kept the "old Jordan Tav-
ern," later known as the " Seven- jSIile tavern,"
in the Narrows above Mifflin, where he also, in
1792, established a ferry, and later went to Lew-
istown, where he died. Robert was a freeman
from 1793, and in 1794 owuetl laud. John
870
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
owned laud from 1804, aud Nancy from 1820.
Francis was a tanner, and sunk a tannery at
Mexico, which he continued until 1856.
Thomas Jordan, on April 1, 1777, purchased,
on an article of agreement from William Patter-
son, Esq., forty acres of laud on Delaware Run,
" with a saw-mill thereou," which he sold, on an
article of agreement, to Joseph Cookson October
12, 1778. The deed to this land was not given
until after the death of William Patterson, aud
was given by his heirs June 19, 1798. Jordan
deeded to Cookson the property August 6, 1799.
On the 16th of May, 1776, John Hamilton
and Joseph Sellers took out a warrant for one
hundred and seventy acres of land on the bank
of Cocolamus Creek. The name of Sellers does
not again appear in connection with the prop-
erty, and Hamilton undoubtedly purchased his
interest. John Hamilton built on the creek a
grist-mill aud saw-mill. In July, 1781, a road
was laid from John Kepler's (who then owned
a part of the tract of land on which Thompson-
town was afterward laid out) to John Hamil-
ton's mill, and in the next year a road was
ordered laid out from Harris' plantation (now
Mifi9iutowu),23ast Gabriel Fry's smith-shop (now
David Dimm's farm), to Hamilton's grist-mill.
A road soon after was laid out over the ridge
from the settlement in aud about what is now
McAlisterville. John Hamilton was the owner
of a large tract of land in what is now Walker
township, and in part owned by Hugh Hamil-
ton, his grandson. Pie moved from " Ferman-
agh " (the name of his farm) to Harrisburg
in 1787, and left his property in this section of
couutry in the care of his son John, who re-
mained on the place. The mill was conducted
by him until the death of his father, in 1793,
and in 1796 the mill property on Cocolamus
Creek was sold by the heirs to Joseph Sellers.
It will be noticed that Joseph Sellers united
with John Hamilton in taking out the warrant
for the laud on the Cocolamus in 1776. It is
not known that he was connected with the one
who later bought it, but probably was the father
of Jacob and Joseph Sellers, two brothers, who, in
the year 1793, went to the Cocolamus Creek, in
what is now the northwest corner of ^lonroe town-
ship, and purchased a tract of laud in two parcels,
one in 1793, the other in 1795. On the 15th of
January, 1796, Joseph sold all his interest in
the land to Jacob Sellers, Jr., and the same
year bought of the heirs of John Hamilton one
hundred and seventy acres and the grist-mill
and the saw-mill. The grist-mill was allowed
to run down and was abandoned, although it
was the first grist-mill in this part of the county.
The land and saw-mill were kept by Joseph Sel-
lers until his death, in 1841, aged seventy-six
years. He married Anna, a daughter of Samuel
Sharon. Tlieir children were James M., Mar-
garet, Sarah, Mary aud Anna. Margaret aud
Sarah now live at McAlisterville, Anna died
there, and Mary became the wife of David Cas-
tle and moved to Michigan. The property
passed to James M. Sellers, who, April 7, 1853,
sold the property to John Laudis, who kept it
several years, aud in addition to the saw-mill
established there a foundry, which he ran as
long as he retained the property, which later was
sold respectively to James M. Sellers, James B.
Mode, Abraham Page and, on April 1, 1871, to
Robert M. Humphrey, who now owns it and
continues the saw-mill.
It is evident that in the early settlement of
the county this grist-mill was a central point,
as several roads were made leading to it. The
Patterson and Jordan mills were also ruuuing
at the same time.
James Chambers warranted a tract of land
on the Juniata River containing three hundred
acres, Sejjtember 8, 1755 ; and on the 26th of
January, 1767, he was granted three hundred
and two acres on order of survey No. 2565.
The first tract was sold to Henry Cooper in July,
1761, who sold, Noveuiber 17th, the same year,
to William Stewart, who M-as a permanent set-
tler upon the laud until his death, in 1784.'
The other tract, of three hundred and two acres,
in time passed to Judge James Black and was
patented as " Black Oak Ridge," and sold to
General Louis Evaus, whose heirs now own it.
It lies east by north from the Evaus mill. Cham-
bers was killed by the Indiaus in the early
troubles.
John Thomson, or Thompson, as later spelled,
from whom the most of the family of that
name in this county descend, was one of several
JUNIATA COUNTY.
871
brothers who resided in Paxton Valley, and,
about 1768 or 1769, came up the Juniata, with
his family, and purchased a tract of two liun-
dred acres of land (which had been previously
warranted) about two miles from the present
borough of Thompsontown. His name is not
mentioned in the tax-rolls of Fermanagh town-
ship until 1709, when he is assessed on two hun-
dred acres (now owned by Uriah Sherman).
Robert, his eldest son, was also assessed on two
hundred acres adjoining, and below, at Lock-
port.
John Thompson married three wives, by
whom he had children as follows : Robert, Will-
iam, Andrew, Thomas and Peter, Susan and
Sarah. Susan married David Boles, and set-
tled in Pfoutz Valley. Agnes married
Black, and settled in Blount County, Tenn. Sa-
rah became the wife of William McAIister, and
settled on Cocolamus Creek, where his grandson
(John McAIister) now lives. John Thompson
died about 1779 (as his name disappears from
the tax-rolls at that time), and is buried in the
old Thompson grave-yard. A simple stone
with the letters "J. T.," without date, marks
his resting-place.
Robert, his eldest son, lived and died on the
land he bought in 1769. He married Mary
Mitchell, by whom he had children — William,
John, James, Robert, Andrew and a daughter,
Jane, who married John McAIister, Esq., sou
of William, of Cocolamus.
Of the sons of Robert (son of John), Will-
iam, the eldest, after receiving his portion from
his father, became unfortunate in his invest-
ments, and lived in Thompsontown in his later
days and conducted a small farm. John and
James settled in Lost Creek Valley, and, about
1803, sold to Michael Bashore, and, April 1st,
in that year, bought the James !Micheltree tract
of James McLin and David Walker, executors,
which land was granted on an order of survey,
No. 3229, to James Micheltree. John Thompson,
with his brother Robert, bought, November 15,
1811, another tract, adjoining, which had been
granted to Micheltree on order of survey, March
27, 1767. John Thompson died, January, 1834,
aged fifty-eight years. Of his sons were Will-
iam G., James, Robert M. and John. William
G., John and the widow of Robert M. are living
on these lands.
James, the son of Robert, after the sale of
the property on I^ost Creek, bought, with John,
the Micheltree property, but soon after sold to
Robert, his brother, and went to Ohio.
Robert, son of Robei-t, purchased part of
Andrew Thompson's (tailor) land, and settled
upon it, where he lived and died. Some of his
children are now living in Thompsontown.
Andrew, son of Robert (the first), settled
on his father's jjlace and bought other lands ad-
joining. He was known as Andrew Thompson,
farmer. His children all moved West.
Mitchell, the youngest son of Robert, lived
and died on part of his father's estate. He
married Jane, a daughter of David Allen. Ad-
eline (Mrs. J. Stewart Lukens) is a daughter.
Lavinia, a daughter, was the wife of James
Cochran, of Liverpool.
Andrew, the son of John Thompson, the an-
cestor, was a tailor, and settled at Thompsontown,
and, about 1803, emigrated to Chillicothe, Ohio.
William Thompson, the second son of John,
married Jean, a daughter of George Patterson,
of Mexico, and in 1785 purchased the tract on
which Thompsontown is located, and died there
about 1813.
Thomas and Peter Thompson, the youngest
sons of John, inherited the homestead of their
father, and February 28, 1807, they purchased
eighty-four acres of land of Frederick Keller,
which had been patented in two tracts by
Isaac Yost, — one named Rivulet Grove, March
30, 1796, the other Green Plains (later called
Green Dale), March 29, 1796. They passed,
April 6th in that year, to Jacob and Martin
Miller, who sold, April 5, 1802, to Michael
Bashore, who resided there a year, and, May 16,
1 803, sold to Keller. On :May 1 , 1 809, Thom-
as and Peter Thompson sold it to Andrew
Thompson, farmer, and it is now the property
of Mrs. Robert M. Thompson. Thomas died
a bachelor, and the old farm, which then em-
braced four hundred and thirty-three acres,
passed to Peter. He had children — John, Saml.,
Silas, Thomas, John, Patterson, Mary, !Mar-
garet, Susanna and Ellen, who inherited the
. estate. It was bouorht of the heirs bv John P.
872
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
and Samuel Thompson ; the latter sold later to
John P., and purchased the original Robert
Thompson farm, now owned by George Tay-
lor. John P. kept the old home-farm until
1865, when it was bought by Judge Samuel
Hepburn, of Carlisle, who, March 4, 1869, sold
it to Uriah Shuman, the present owner.
Upon this tract John P. Thompson and
George Moss, about 1863, erected the "Ma-
ria" Furnace, which they continued until the
sale of the property to Judge Hepburn, who
continued it a year or two and abandoned it
about 1869.
Gabriel Fry became a settler in Delaware
township in 1773, as on the 22d of May in
that year he purchased a tract of land contain-
ing two hundred and thirty-five acres, on Dela-
ware Run, which was granted on an order of
survey, November 29, 1766, to Esther Patter-
son, and was sold by her to James Crampton.
It was sold by the slicriff, in 1770, to William
Petterman, by whom it was conveyed to Fry.
He also took out a warrant for fifty acres ad-
joining, January 5, 1793. He was a blacksmith,
and had a smith-shop, as in 1782 a road was
ordered by the court of Cumberland County to
be laid out from John Harris' plantation (now
Mifflintown), past Gabriel Fry's smith-shop
(now David Dumm's, in Kurtz Valley), to
John Hamilton's grist-mill (now Robert Hum-
phrey's saw-mill). This tract Gabriel Fr'y sold,
January 5, 1793, to Isaac Thompson, with a
distillery, but Fry still resided in the vicinity
on other lands. He died about 1826.
Samuel Fry, a brother of Gabriel Fry, came
to the township about the same time. Samuel
settled here and in 1775 purchased a tract of
one hundred and ten acres of land, which David
Wilson warranted November 30, 1774. He
bi'ought his family to the farm in the next year,
1776, when Jonathan was one year old. The
land was on Cocolamus Creek, a short distance
above the Hamilton mill (now Humphrey's).
Samuel Fry had sons — Benjamin, Gabriel,
Enoch, Jonathan, Samuel, John and James ; the
three youngest sous emigrated West. Benjamin
lived to maturity and died single upon the farm.
Gabriel settled on a farm now owned by John
Fiy, son of Jonathan Fry, Jr. Enoch settled
south of the homestead, near Goodwill, where
his son George now resides. Jonathan settled
on the homestead, where he died in April, 1847,
aged seventy-two years. His son Jonathan re-
sides on the homestead.
Gabriel, Enoch and Jonathan each married a
daughter of Benjamin Dearduff, who was an
early settler on the farm now owned by Daniel
Kepner.
Joseph Cookson first appears in tax-rolls in
1778, assessed on three hundred acres of land,
one hundred of which he warranted, and which
was located near Thomas Jordan. The next
year he was assessed on one thousand one hun-
dred, and 1781 on five hundred; Daniel, on
one hundred, and Thomas and William on
stock. In 1785 Joseph had seven hundred
and eighty-eight acres ; William and David,
each, three hundred, and in 1789 Joseph six
hundred and eighty-eight, and William six
hundred. From 1783 to 1805 Joseph was
running a distillery. William appears assessed
on a grist-mill from 1790 to 1803, and his
heirs from 1811.
The Joseph Cookson lands, of three hundred
acres, lying on Delaware Run, and the Thomas
Jordan land (now S. O. Evans') were sold by
Joseph Cookson to his son, Charles, with a
portion of other lands, about 1810. He built
what is known as the White House, and lived
there until his death. He sold, soon after his
purchase, two hundred and fifty acres of the
tract near the run to John Kurtz, the ancestor
of the family now in the Kurtz Valley, which
tract he divided among his three sons, Samuel,
Abraham and John. Samuel's descendants
moved to the West. Abrahana purchased the
interest of John, who settled near on other
property. The descendants of the brothers are
still living in the valley.
A tract of land, containing forty-six acres,
lying east of the Hunter Tennis tract, was war-
ranted to Jolin Bowne, Aj^ril 4, 1766, on
which one Yakes resided, set out an orchard
and built a saw-mill. The race, upon the
building of the Pennsylvania Canal, in 1829,
was made a feeder. The land now belongs to
the heirs of William Thompson.
Richard Dunn, before 1798, settled on land
JUNIATA COUNTY.
873
later, iu part, owned by David Westfall. He
died in 1820. His son, James, was a teacher,
and, latei', settled in the same locality, and in
1816 bought a farm (now William Rannels') in
Fayette township, where he died in 1868.
William Dunn, Esq., of McAlisterville, is a
son.
The land on ^vhich the Gnyers first settled
was bought by Henrj' Guyer, April 13, 1794.
A part of it was warranted by Richard Bell
and William Vance. The latter sold to Bell.
The other part was granted, on an order of
survey No. 2316, to Joseph Trotter' January
5, 1767. He deeded it, February 12, 1768, to
Samuel Wallace. It was sold to Christian
Stutzman, who, January ], 1810, sold to John
Stutzman. He, June 8, 1829, sold to Abra-
ham Guyer, and April 13, 1838, it passed to
Henry Guyer. On March 10, 1827, Henry
Guyer sold the first-mentioned tract to Abra-
ham Guyer.
Peter Evey was a freeman in 1806, and in
1809 purchased a tract of land on Cocolamus
Creek, on which he built a saw- mill, which he
continued many years ; it is now abandoned.
About 1816, Christian Gingrich built a saw-
mill about two and half miles north of Thonip-
sontowo, which also was run many years.
The strip of land that was attached to Fer-
managh township iu 1791 now belongs to
Walker and Delaw^are, and an account of a few of
the settlers living on that side has been obtained-
In the year 1775, William McMeen was as-
sessed on fifty acres, ten of which are cleared,
and later with one hundred acres. On the 4th
of September, 1791, he sold to George Wood
one hundred and one acres, " on which he then
lived, and opposite James Micheltree," who
then lived below Thompsoutown, on the land
now owned by jNIrs. Robert Thompson and
William G. Thompson, on which Durward
Station is located. William Willcox, prior to
1768, made an improvement which, August
13th of that year, he sold to William Stewart,
which is described as here given, —
" A certain improvement, being on the south side
of Juniata River, opposite where he, the said William
Stewart, now liveth. Beginning at a Run of water,
called the Deep Run, westward of the improvement.
and from thence down the Juniata to a run opposite
the Delaware Run."
The land at the upper end of this strip that
belongs to Delaware township, containing four
hundred and fortj'-four acres, now known as
the Bradford Fruit-Farm, was a part of several
tracts, warranted as follows : James Wright,
December 28, 1770; Daniel Neef, Decemljer
16, 1773, and the application of William
McCrackin, November 1, 1792. The title
to this property became vested iu Michael
Eckert, who died in 1802. His heirs sold it
to Henry Lukens, son of Abram and grandson
of John Lukens. He married Gracey, a daugh-
ter of William Stewart, by whom he had chil-
dren as follows : Abraham, John, Elizabeth,
Sarah, Jane, Margaret, Mary, William and
Rachel (twins). Abraham settled on the Tennis
farm and died there; J. Stewart Lukens is a son.
Margaret became the wife of Robert ]\IcCracken ;
Mary, of Robert Thompson, tanner ; and
Rachel, of Levi Myers.
Henry Lukens lived on this tract until hLs
death, when it was sold to Robert Thompson,
who, September 4, 1852, sold it to William and
Theodore S. Thompson, from whom it passed
to others. In 1878 Frederick ililler sold it to
Hezekiah Bradford, who set many acres out in
fruit of various kinds.
Schools. — One of the first school-houses in
the township was the one built at what is now
Humphrey's mill, then Joseph Sellers'. How
long it had been built before the agreement
here given was made is not known. The John
Keller here mentioned was a son of Frederick
Keller, who bought, in 1803, part of the laud
Mr. Robert jNI. Thompson uow owns, and
later settled near Pine vSwamp, now in Monroe
township, where he died. Jacob, the brother
of John, taught school near this place in 1820.
An article of agreement was made December
15, 1818, between John Keller, schoolmaster,
of Greenwood township, and the subscribers, by
which Keller was to teach a school in the school-
house, on the premises of Joseph Sellei"s, for
the term of three months, beginning on Mon-
day, the 28th of December, " which school shall
be taught in spelling, reading, writing and aritli-
metic, in English." The " subscribers airree to
874
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
make up 20 scholars, and give liberty for an
open school, and keep the school-house in good
state, with a sufBciently of tire-wood at the
Door, and find for the said master $1.50 per
scholar, good and lawful money, at the Expir-
ation of the school. Joseph Sellers, 4 ; William
Stoll, 3 ; John Jones, 1 ; Peter Borris, 2 ; Eob-
ert Patton, 1 ; Aquilla Burchfield, 3 ; George
Miller, — ."
A school-house, in 1817, was on the farm of
Nathan Van Horn, and was torn down about
1825, and another was built near where John
West now lives, which was torn down about
1870.
In 1820 a school was kept in a blacksmith-
shop on the farm now Jonathan Keiser's.
About the same time a school was kef)t by a
Mrs. McLaughlin.
Mrs. Hannah Caveny, about 1825, taught in
a small house on the road from Thompsontown
to Good-will.
Peter Dawson, William P. Law and Simon
Skuyler were early teachers.
The school law was accepted by the township
in 1838, and General Louis Evans wasthe presi-
dent of the board of directors, and George Wor-
ley secretary. There was, in the township,
bitter opposition to the law, but it was carried
and the township was districted with school-
houses at the locations here mentioned : At
Cross-Roads, North East (formerly Cameron's),
Delaware Hill and Smith's. Thompsontown
was made a joint district with part of Green-
wood township. Perry County.
In 1868 the school-houses of the township
and their value was as follows : Delaware Hill,
fitly dollars; Smith, fifty dollars ; Cross-Roads,
fifty dollars ; Northeast, fifty dollars ; Lock,
fifty dollars ; Salem, seven hundred and fifty
dollars ; Good- will seven hundred and fifty dol-
lars ; with the addition of Juniata School-house,
which stands near Thompsontown, the loca-
tions are the same. New houses have been
built since that time in several of the districts.
The number of pupils in attendance at the
schools is three hundred and thirty-seven.
Churches. — The Whiteland United Chris-
tian Church was built near Robert Humph-
rey's mill in 1878, and dedicated May 18, 1879.
The dedicatory sermon was preached by the
Rev. H. Eberly.
The Delaware (^lennonite) Meeting-House
was erected, of brick, about 1870, and is located
a short distance fi-om East Salem. It is under
the care of the Rev. Jacob Graybill.
EAST SALEM.
This hamlet is built on the Guyer lands.
Samuel M. Kurtz, April 4, 1844, purchased a
few acres of land of Henry Guyer, and built
thereon a house, where his widow now lives.
A road was laid out from Brown's Mills to
Thompsontown, about 1825, which passed
through the land on which the settlement was
made.
In 1848, John Caveny opened a store in the
basement of the house in which Adam jNIakel
now lives. In 1850, John Kurtz erected a
two-story building, in which, about 1870,
Curtiss G. Winey began keeping a store, and a
little later Samuel Schlegel opened a store. A
post-office was established a number of years
ago, of which C. G. Winey is now the postmaster.
The Methodist and LTnited Brethren congre-
gations have churches at this place. They are
both under care of a circuit and have not local
ministers.
Good-will (or Goodville) is a small clus-
ter of houses lying northeast of Thompsontown,
and also contains a school-house and a cabinet-
shop.
CHAPTER XIX.
BOROUGH OF THOMPSONTOWN.
John Tennis came from Montgomery
County, and on August 1, 1766, made
an article of agreement with Colonel Samuel
Hunter for a tract of three hundred acres of
land he warranted on Delaware Run, July 20,
1755. The deed of this tract he received from
Hunter, July 4, 1772. In 1770 he sold to
John Kepler, or Kepner, one hundred and
sixty acres of the tract on which the borough of
Thompsontown now stands, who, in 1771,
erected a grist-mill and saw-mill on the run
below, not far from the present mill. The
JUNIATA COUNTY.
875
family of Kepler, or Kepiier, have been quite
numerous in this township. Of the early settlers
were Abraham, Sr., from 1776-87; Abraham,
Jr., 1804 to 1812; Benjamin, Sr., 1778-83;
Daniel Sadler, 1818; Frederick, 1822; Isaac,
1797-1818 ; Jacob, 1778-81 ; Jacob (distiller),
1809-30; John, Jr. (potter), 1778-81, and
many others later. The family were also in
Milford and Turbett townships.
The Kepler mill was abandoned in 1781,
and in that year the people in the vicinity, see-
ing the necessity of a road to a mill, presented
a petition to the court of Cumberland County,
at the July term, 1781, for a road from John
Kepler's to John Hamilton's mill, then on
Cocolamns Creek, at the site of Robert Hum-
phrey's present saw-mill. This road was soon
after laid out and is the present road through
the town down to the river.
Michael Quiggle, who had been a settler in
Fermanagh township from the year 1774, and
the owner of land, also purchased a part of the
Hunter tract of John Kepler, and on Septem-
ber 13, 1785, sold it to AVilliam Thompson,
son of John Thompson, who lived on the place
now owned by Uriah Shuman. tiuiggle
owned other lands until 1794. He had three
sons — John, Peter and Philip — who resided here
from the time they \vere of age until as follows :
John, 1793-98; Peter, 1793-96 ; and Philip,
1794-1805.
William Thompson, who bought the (iuiggle
property, was the second son of John Thomp-
son, the ancestor. He was born in 1755; mar-
ried Jane Mitchell, a sister of the wife of
Robert Thompson, his older brother. Upon
coming to this property to settle, he built a
stone dwelling-house below the present resi-
dence of Theodore S. Thompson, and a stone
grist-mill the same year upon the site of the
present mill, and in 1790 built a saw-mill near
the grist-mill. In this year he laid out a town
on the land, and IMichael Holraan in this 3'ear
was licensed to keep a tavern at Thompsontown.
On the 16th of January, 1794, he sold to
Jas. McLin (sometimes spelled !Macklin) a one-
acre lot in the new town, with right " forever of
sufficient water for use of a Tan-yard to be
taken in a trench out of the race dug to convey
water out of Delaware Run and lying west of
said lot." At this time the patent was not yet
obtained, and Thomp.son bound himself to give
another deed when obtained. August 29, 1796,
he sold a lot to Andrew Thompson, tailor, and
another March 30, 1798, and a lot to John
Walters, December 7, 1796. He and .lames
Murray were licensed to keep tavern in Thomp-
sontown in January, 1794. Walter sold the lot
he bought, February 28, 1799, to William
Groathouse, who erected upon the lot a tavern-
house. He kept tavern in this house until his
death in 1805. He had several daughters, of
whom Ameliabecame the wife of General Louis
Evans ; Rachel was the wife of Jones, and
in 1808 became the wife of Joseph Buchanan.
Rachael Jones, and later Mrs. Buchanan,
kept the tavern from her father's death until
1809, when the property passed to John ]Mc-
Gary, who married a daughter of William
Groathouse, and in that year erected the present
stone house that stands at the junction of
the two roads. He kept tavern in this place
until about 1840.
Samuel Davis owned a lot adjoining the
tavern-lot, which was on the north side of the
Main Street. On the 11th of September, 1798,
!Mr. Thomp.son sold to John and Michael Hol-
man, Jr., two one-cpiarter acre lots, and Octo-
ber 16, 1767, two lots to William Groathouse,
with the right to repair the mill-race. March
16, 1808, Thompson sold lot Xo. 32, on Mill
Street, to Caleb Worley.
Matthias Lichtenthaler came to Thompson-
town in 1796, and from 1797 kept tavern for
several years. He also carried on two distil-
leries where Miss Loui.*a Thompson now lives.
He died about 1810. Dr. I. X. Grubb's resi-
dence is known as the old Lichtenthaler resi-
dence. His sons were Albert and Griffith.
The former lived and died here. Griffith went
to Lock Haven. A daughter, Jane, lived
many yeai-s in the town.
The tannery built soon after 1794 by James
!McLin, in 1820 was owned by James Xorth
and in 1837 came to Solomon Sieber, who con-
tinued it at that place until 1846, when he
moved it to its present location and ran it until
1883, since which time it has been unused.
876
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Michael Holman kept tavern until after 1820.
John McGary began keeping tavern in the
house now owned by Daniel Bastress in 1809,
and continued until 1840. He was the first
postmaster and was ajjpointed a justice of the
peace in 1825.
The family of Michael Holman was quite
numerous. He appears to have been a settler
here in 1783, and owned land in partnership,
part of the time, with John Holman. Of other
tavern-keepers were Fleming Stewart, in 1815;
Samuel Miller, in 1818; and Albert Lichten-
thaler, in 1819.
Id 1801 William Thompson opened a store
in the stone house now occupied by Theodore S.
Thompson, and kept there until his death. In
1809 he erected a fulling-mill and two dis-
tilleries at the place, and in 1812 put in carding-
machines. He died about 1813.
His children were John (known as Goshen
John), William, James, Kobert, Isaac and
Sanuiel, Sarah, Jane and Elizabeth. James
went to Mexico, Isaac to Hollidaysburg and
Samuel to Pottsville. Sarah married Judge
William McAlister ; Jane, Henry Walters ; and
Elizabeth, Dr. William Waterhouse. John
settled about 1809 on the old Poultney tract,
where Van Dyke Station nov.- is. The tract
was known as the " Happy Banks of Goshen,"
and the school-house is now known by that name.
William married Jean, a daughter of George
Patterson and granddaughter of Colonel James
Burd. After the death of his father he, with
his brother Robert, took the business at Thomp-
soutown and conducted it many years, increasing
the business and purchasing much other land
in different parts. They also purchased at
different times the Cuba Mills and Oakland
Mills, and other mill properties. About 1829
they built a store-house on the Diamond, and
removed the store to that place, now occupied
by Wickersham & Shelley ; a store-house was
built on the canal-bank, and in 1835 theold mill
was torn down and the present brick mill was
erected. William Thompson died about 1835, and
his son, Theodore S. Thompson, lives in the old
mansion-house. Robert was a bachelor and
died January 3, 1866. The property is now
owned by the heirs of Wm. and llobt.Thompson.
In 1812 James Ross and John Wood were
engaged in mei-chandising in the village, and on
March 30, 1813, they dissolved partnership,
Wood remaining. Ross went farther up the
Juniata, and later was a contractor on the canal.
His son now keeps a hotel at McVeytown.
A Fourth of July celebration was held in the
grove at the east end of the town in 1813, now
the cleared field opposite the residence of Dr. I.
N. Griibb. The citizens met at " Mr. Holman's
Inn " (now Mrs. Snyder's), where dinner was
served and nineteen toasts drank, of which
the last was " The Fair Sex of the United
States." Colonel Jacob Reigert, of Lancas-
ter, read the Declaration of Independence.
The first post-office was established at the
tavern of John McGary, of which he was the
postmaster. He was succeeded by his wife,
Mrs. Elizabeth McGary. It was at one time
held by Levi Myers, and for many years by
Mrs. Eliza James, who now holds the jDOsition.
Hotels have been kept by a number of persons
since Michael Holman and John McGary. In
1869 Amos Snyder opened the tavern which
many years previous had been kept by INIicbael
Holman, and later by many others, and con-
tinued until his death, in 1875, since which time
it has been kept by his widow, Mrs. Snyder.
Churches. — Before the year 1825 a number
of members of the Episcopalian denomination
living in the neighborhood invited the Rev. Mr.
Baker, of Chester County, to visit this section
and preach to them, which invitation was ac-
cepted, and in 1828 the stone church at the east
end of the borough was erected. He remained
a few years and was succeeded, in order, by the
Rev. Mr. Huff and the Rev. Charles Snow-
don. The congregation, however, did not
thrive, and services were abandoned. About
1840, after the United Presbyterian Church was
erected at Mexico, services were held at Thomp-
soutown by that denomination, and are now
held in the church edifice. The Rev. Francis
McBirney is in charge and resides at Mexico.
About 1834 the Methodists of this place and
vicinity erected a house of worship on a back-
street, and on a lot now owned by Dr. I. N.
Grubb. Tins was used until 1881, when the pre-
sent brick church edifice was erected at a cost of
JUNIATA COUNTY.
877
two thousand six hundred and twenty-two dol-
lars. It was dedicated in February, 1 882, the Rev.
Dr. Gray, of Williamsport, preaching the dedi-
cation sermon. The memorial window was
placed in the chui-ch by the Tennis Brothers.
The congregation has been under the care of
the Thompsontown Circuit, which embraces, be-
sides, Pine Grove, East Salem and Marshall
Chapel, in Pfoutz's Valley.
Emmanuel's Lutheran Church building was
erected in 1843.
The society is in the charge with McAlister-
ville and Centre. A full account of the pastorate
will be found in the history of the McAlister-
ville (Jhurch.
Schools. — The first scliool-house within the
limits of the borough was built of logs and
stood in the rear of J. S. Lukeus' present resi-
dence. In that year Miss Nancy McGary,
sister of John McGary, was a teacher. In 1815
Mr. Crosby was a teacher. James Ross was a
teacher later, he having been .a merchant in the
place. William Jones, who had taught in many
parts of the county, was also a teacher. Of other
teachers were William P. Law, Samuel Skuyler.
At this school most of the young men of the
town were educated. The Rev. Charles Snow-
don, who was here as au Episcopal clergyman,
taught in the village. The Thompsontown
Academy was built by subscription, in 1833, for
church and school purposes, and was used suc-
cessfully for several years.
In 1838 the towuship of Delaware accepted
the school law, and the schools were connected
with the township until March 20, 1868, when
it became an independent district. In 1865,
however, a large brick house, forty-eight by
forty-eight feet, was built, at a cost of three
thousand five hundred and sixty dollars, which
is still used. The district now contains seventy-
three pupils. The Juniata school-house of the
towuship is on the western border of the dis-
trict.
LODGES AND SOCIETIES.
SiNCEraTY Lodge, No. 357, I. O. O. F., was
chartered by the Grand Lodge, I. O. O. F., of
Pennsylvania, 16th of April, 18-19, and insti-
tuted at Thompsontown, Pa. On May 30,
1849, the Lodge was organized by the election
of E. D. Crawford, Noble Grand ; Matthias
Benner, Vice-Grand ; Jehu M. James, Secreta-
ry ; Jacob Strayer, Assistant Secretary ; John
F. Benner, Treasurer, as ofl5cers and charter
members.
The lodge first met in the old stone building
over on Main Street, now owned and occupied
by Horace Myers.
The Thompsontown Odd-Fellows' Hall As-
sociation was organized April 20, 1861, when
Messrs. Barnett Rapj), Israel Tennis and James
McKnight, previously appointed a committee,
met in the hall of the lodge of Odd-Fel-
lows and opened the books of the I. O. O. F.
Hall Association and received subscriptions for
the stock of the Association.
On the 1st day of June of same year the
committee, Messrs. Rapp, Tennis and McKnight
(commissioners), again met and " opened an
election for officers of the Association for one
year, with the following result : Barnett Rapp
was elected President ; Israel Tennis, Treasurer ;
and Dr. P. L. Greenleaf, Secretary of the Asso-
ciation ; each one having received thirty-two
votes."
At the same meeting Messrs. Thomas W.
Lukens, J. T. Carpenter and George W. Lloyd
were elected association trustees.
The number of shares subscribed for this
association was one hundred and ninety-three, at
five dollars per share — for which the building
on Main Street and now occupied and largely
owned by the Odd-Fellows' Lodge was built in
the summer of 1861, with Mr. J. T. Carpenter
as architect.
The new hall was dedicated February, 1862,
since which time the lodge has occupied it.
The lodge started with a membership of four-
teen, and gradually increased to sixty-five.
Duriug the War of the Rebellion the member-
ship drojjped ofl:' some, and after the stringent
times of 1872 the membership fell off" rapidly,
until at the present time only twenty-two re-
main in fellowship. The last semi-annual re-
port, made March 31, 1885, shows as follows :
Funds in hands of treasurer, S347.39 ; invested,
$1163 79; value of regalia, etc., §45; total
assets of lodge, §1,555.18.
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
The present officers are A. R. Fuluer, Noble
Grand ; L. G. Cameron, Vice-Grand ; John F.
Detra, Secretary ; Israel Tennis, Treasurer ; I.
C. Lautz, Assistant Secretary ; Jacob Spicher,
Warden ; Ellliu Benner, William J. Dennis,
John F. Detra, Lodge Trustees.
The Thompsoutown Odd-Fellows' Hall As-
sociation building was erected on lot purchased
from Thomas W. Lukens, and deeded to the
trustees of said Association in 1861. The
original contract for building was for seven
hundred dollars ; but with additions and extras
it reached the sum of nine hundred and sixty-
five dollars, of which Sincerity Lodge took in
stoctk one hundred and forty shares at five dol-
lars per share. The lodge now holds one hun-
dred and sixty-three shares of said stock.
Post-Office Building Association. — In
connection with Odd- Fellows' Hall Association
the Post-Office Building Association was form-
ed, October 23, 1865. At a meeting held in the
Odd-Fellows' Hall, it was resolved to erect a joint-
stock building on Lukens' corner. The ground
was leased from John S. Lukens at six cents per
annum, its location is on the Town Square on
the southeast corner of Bridge and Main
Streets ; size of building sixteen by twenty-
two feet.
First officers of association were John Deit-
rick. President ; Dr. P. L. Greenleaf, Secretary,
and John S. Lukens, Treasurer. The amount
of stock subscribed at ten dollars per share was
three hundred and forty dollars. Cost of
structure was $331.73. The association re-
ceived an annual rent from the building of
twenty-five dollars, the greater portion of which
now goes into the treasury of Sincerity Lodge.
Lamberton Lodge, F. and A. M. — A char-
ter was granted by the Masonic Grand Lodge
of Pennsylvania, Oct. 16, 1866, to thirteen per-
sons who were constituted Dec. 24, 1866, Lamb-
erton Lodge, Xo. 37 1 , F. and A. M., with Geo. W.
Eothrock as Worshipful Master; John Deitrick,
Senior Warden ; Jacob T. Emerick, Junior War-
den ; Louis E. Atkinson, Secretary ; and George
W. Smith, Treasurer. The lodge started with a
membership of sixteen, within two years in-
creased to thirty, and has now thirty-eight in
active membership.
The present officers are : W. M., Rev. Luther
F. Smith; S. W., Chas. C. Tennis; J. AV.,
Lucian AV. Seiber ; Secretary, Isaac N. Grubb ;
Treasurer, Israel Tennis, — Treasurer Tennis
having been elected to that office each year since
1877. Tiie lodge has initiated forty-five
members ; admitted six ; its loss in deaths, res-
ignations, etc., has been twenty-nine. It has
paid a revenue to the Grand Lodge of eight
hundred and eighty-two dollars, besides liberal
amounts to charitable and other worthy pur-
poses. Its meetings are held monthly in Odd-
Fellows' Hall, Main Street, Thompsoutown.
Order of United American Mechanics
(Seniors). — Council No. 350 M'as organized
June 17, 1875, at Thompsontowu, Pa., with the
following officers: Councilor, James S. Vines;
Vice-Councilor, Luke Davis ; Rec. Sec, Eman-
uel Smith ; Asst. Rec. Sec, A. F. Henkels ;
Fin. Sec, I. C. Lautz. The council continued
in working order for two years, when it sus-
pended, but reorganized on November 13, 1884.
The present officers are, — Councilor, James
Hostetler ; Vice-Councilor, A. H. Wetzler ; Rec.
Sec, C. C. Kloss; Asst. Rec. Sec, R. T. Bastress.
Treasurer, M. R. Bastress.
Order of United American Mechanics
(Juniors).— Council No. 153, J. O. U. A. M.,
was instituted in February, 1875, with Edgar
A. Tennis as Councilor ; Luke Davis, Vice-
Councilor. The council continued in existence
for a little more than a year, when it became
defunct and surrendered its charter, books and
papers to the Grand Council, and has not since
reorganized.
Delaware Literary Society. — From a
debating society, holding its sessions in " Smith's
School-House," one and one-half miles north of
Thompsoutown, the " Thompsoutown Lyceum"
was organized on the 29th of November, 1858,
and at once moved to Thompsoutown and held
its meetings in the " Stone Academy," now on
Bridge Street, north of the town centre.
On the 26th day of April, 1861, the lyceum
was merged into the present organization, under
the title of " The Delaware Literary Society,"
with the following as its "charter" or organiz-
ation members : John B. Porter, President ;
George W. Lloyd, Secretary ; Theorus D. Gar-
JUNIATA COUNTY.
879
mau, J. C. McNaughton, John C. Tennis, P. L.
Greenleaf, M.D., Edwin Davis, Miss Susan
Kothroclv, Miss Fannie Greenleaf, Miss Jennie
R. Tenuis, Miss Elizabeth Seiber, Miss Mattie
J. Lukeus, Miss A. B. Greenleaf, I\Iiss Tillie
Kautfmau, Miss Clementine McXaughton, Miss
Elizabeth Hakleman, Miss Jennie E. James,
Miss Tillie Hutchison, Miss Mattie E. Smith.
The objects of this society are set forth as fol-
lows :
" We, the undersigned, do declare ourselves an as-
sociation for mutual improvement in elocution, com-
position and debate, and for enlarging our fund of
general intelligence, in which object we desire to ex-
hibit a due consideration for the opinions and feelings
of others, to maintain a perfect commandof temper in
all our intercourse, to seek for truth in all our exer-
cises ; and, to further these objects, have adopted for
our government the following Constitution, By-Laws
and Rules of Order."
These now constitute a twenty-page printed
pamphlet, which, up to 1874, were in manu-
script only.
The society elects a full complement of officers
every six months, who are inducted into office
on the first meeting night of January and July
of each year. The meetings are held weekly,
on Friday evening, and the length of session is
limited to ten and a half o'clock p.m.
The present officers are M. Luther Keizer,
president; Miss Annie Leyder, secretary ; M. G.
Shu man, financial secretary; Miss Lottie Mc-
Alister, librarian; Edwin Davis, treasurer; J.
N. Grubb, critic. This society now holds its
meetings in the borough school-house.
The borough of Thompsoutown was incor-
porated by the Court of Quarter Sessions of
Juniata County receiving the report of the
graud jury on the 4th of December, 1867, aud
confirming it on the same day.
The Thompsontowu Bridge Company was or-
gauized in 1857 and in 1857-58 a roofed bridge
was built over the river by ^^'ise & Ebey, of
Huntingdon County, at a cost of eleven thou-
.sand five hundred aud seventy-five dollars. It
was used until destroyed by an ice flood Febru-
ary 7, 1874.
The wires of the ^^'estern Union Telegraph
Company were put in connection with the bor-
ough for the first time January 31, 1873.
The borough now contains four hundred and
thirty inhabitants, three churches, hotel, pos1>-
office, creamery, school-house, two general stores,
drug-store and shops of the different trades.
The following is a list of the chief burgesses
of the borough of Thompsontowu from its or-
ganization, 1868, to 1885:
1868.— Thomas Patton.
18(!9.— S. Miller Keppler.
1870.— Elihu Benner, Esq.
1871-72.— Daniel Bastress.
1873-74.— J. Stewart Lukens, Esq.
187.5-77.— Daniel Bastress.
1878-80.— J. Warren Plette.
1881-82.— Jacob Spicher.
1883.— Jac. W. Leyder.
1884.— Peter G. Shelley.
1885.— Robert T. Bastress.
CHAPTER XX.
MONROE TOWNSHIP.
The territory that now com]jrises the town-
ship was embraced in Fermanagh from 1762 to
1767, when it became part of Penn township
upon its erection in that year, 1767. In 1772
it seems to have become a part of Greenwood,
although no court action is found confirm-
ing it, yet its assessment indicates that upon the
erection of Northumberland County, in 1772, it
was assessed to Greenwood. It so remained
until Greenwood was divided, in 1858, action
being confirmed July 24th in that year, and
Monroe became Xo. 1 in the division.
It is bounded on the north by Snyder Coun-
ty and is separated from it, the greater part of
the line, by ^Slahantaugo Creek ; on the west
by Fayette township and a small part of Dela-
ware at the southwest corner ; on the south bv
Greenwood aud Susquehanna townships.
The streauis are the IMahautaugo Creek and
its tributaries, of which Quaker Run is the
largest, aud the head-waters of Cocolamus aud
Little Cocolamus Creek. The settlements are
Richfield aud Evandale.
The first settlements of this township were
made by settlers who came up the Susquehanna
River and followed up the Mahautango Creek
from wiiere Thomas jMcKee, the trader, had
880
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
settled at its mouth. Probably the first to
become permanent settler in the vicinity was
John Graybill, in 1772, who located across
the creek from Richfield, in what is now Snr-
der County. The Shellenbergers probably came
next.
The first of the Shellenbergers to settle in
this section of country was John, who came to
this country from Geneva, Switzerland, in the
ship " Friendship," with his wife and children.
After coming up the Susquehanna River to Liv-
erpool, then made their way to the mouth of the
Mahautango Creek and up that creek to near
what is now Richfield. Here, in what is now
West Perry township, Snyder County, John
Graybill settled in 1772, and his sons had taken
up land on the south side of the creek. John
Shellenberger settled here a short time, but did
not purchase, and about 1 780 went to what is now
Good-Will, in Fayette township, and purchased
part of a tract of land of James Martin, which
was warranted by his father David, in 1774, and
where David Shellenberger, the youngest son of
John, settled, lived and died. John Shellen-
berger had three sons — John, Peter and David —
and two daughters — Catherine and Maria.
John Shellenberger, about 1784, bought a
tract of laud of Peter Graybill, which he war-
ranted March 7, 1775, and part of which he
sold to Peter Shellenberger October 6, 1807.
He lived on land now owned by Samuel Puhl-
man. His children, with the exception of
Christian, went West. He settled on the home-
stead. In 1790 John Shellenberger, Jr., was
assessed on two hundred acres of land, a saw-
mill and a thirty-gallon distillery. The sons
of Christian are living in the vicinity.
The tract lay west of the tract on which Rich-
field is situated. Next west Peter Shellen-
berger purchased a large tract, which he patent-
ed in two patents, one in 1812, the other in
1816. In 1790 he owned two hundred acres.
This tract embraced Evaudale. He bought a
tract, on March 28, 1791, of Ludwig Goss,
which was warranted to Jacob Reice and sold
to Goss August 26, 1786.
The sons of Peter were John, Christian, Jo-
seph, Jonathan, Peter, Isaac ; daughters, Eliza-
beth, Sarah and Catherine.
John settled on part of the old home-
stead, where his son Christian settled. Chris-
tian settled in Pfoutz Valley ; Joseph, near
Oakland, and later moved to the West ; Jon-
athan, on part of the homestead, which his
father deeded to him June 4, 1831, and where
he still resides ; Peter, in Pfoutz Valley, later
in Snyder County ; Isaac emigrated to Ohio ;
Elizabeth married Samuel Myers and settled
near McVeytown ; Sarah become the wife of
Peter Graybill and settled l)ack of Richfield ;
Catherine married Michael Lauver and moved
to Illinois.
Jacob Auker, in 1786, took up a wari'ant for
three hundred acres of land on the banks of
Mahautango Creek, about a mile below Riceville,
on which he built a grist and saw-mill about 1793,
which he ran until his death, in 1814. His son,
Jacob was a miller and continued it. In Novem-
ber, 1821, the prof)erty was divided, and Henry
Auker, one of the heirs, purchased the property.
A few years later the mill property passed to An-
drew Kohler, who kept it many years. The
mill, about 18.57, was built on the other side of
the creek, in Snyder County, where it now stands.
A store was kept at the mills from about 1818
to 1830 by — Clarkson. A school-house was
built there, taught by Mrs. Hannah Caveny.
In later years Pine Church was built on the
other side of the creek.
The sons of Jacob Auker were Jacob, Henry,
Christian and Emanuel. Henry Auker sold
the property to Andrew Kohler, and moved,
about 1822, to Fayette township, in the south-
east corner, at the Delaware township line, where
he was murdered in 1860.
Emanuel lived near Richfield several years,
and moved to Snyder County, where he still
lives, at the age of eighty-two years.
Jacob Pyle was one of the early settlers with
the Shellenbergers and located west of the John
Shellenberger tract (Samuel Pehlman farm). He
had sons, — George, John, Samuel and Jacob.
Samuel settled on the home place, which is now
owned by John Rine, of Richfield. John lives
about a mile northwest of Richfield, in Snyder
County, and is now over eighty years of age.
The land in the northwest corner of the
township was taken up on warrant by ^Michael
JUNIATA COUNTY.
881
Lauvcr about 1786. It lay back of Evandale
and on the line of Juniata and Snyder Counties.
Hi.s sons were John, Henry, Michael, Christley,
Frederick and Balzer. The sous, with the ex-
ception of Michael, who was a tailor, were all
blacksmiths. John, in 1797, took up a small
tract east of McAlisterville, where he built a
lilacksmith-shop and dwelling, and in 1810
bought the first lot in the new town of McAlis-
terville and moved his shop to that place.
Later he sold to his brother Henry, and bought
a farm now owned by John Gerhart, where he
settled and died. Henry settled in McAlister-
ville, and later in Liverpool. Jacob settled on
the old farm several years, was with his brother
Henry in Liverpool a few years, and in 1830
settled where the Lauver Mennonite Church
now is and where his son Reuben, also a black-
smith, now resides. Christian, or Christley, was
living in 1878, at the "age of eighty-three years.
Balzer at one time owned considerable of the
east part of the town-lots of McAlisterville, and
now, over eighty years of age, lives in Milford,
opposite Mifflintown, and a little above. Michael
lived in ilcAlisterville and was postmaster from
1821 to 1825.
An old blacksmith's account-book, containing
many of the old names of this section, and
beginning in 1786, is in possession of Mrs. Wil-
liam Sellers, near the old Sellers mill, now Ba-
shore's. This account-book was doubtless
Michael Lauver's.
The land next east of the Michael Lauver
tract was taken up by Thomas Hewes, August
1, 1766, on application No. 164, who sold it to
Samuel Wallis, a merchant of Philadelphia.
It was patented by him as " Hewes' Adven-
ture," aud contained three hundred and twenty-
six acres of land. He sold it, September 4,
1782, to Henry Drinker, also a merchant of
Philadelphia. It was adjoining a tract, that tiien
belonged to Jeremiah Lynn and Gideon Perci-
val. A part of this tract was sold to Joseph
and Jacob Sellers on February 4, 1794 ; and part
Stephen Rees. Drinker owned other land near
the tract. Joseph Sellers sold his interest in
the land, January 15, 1796, to Jacob Sellers,
Jr., and removed to what is now Delaware
township (Humphrey's Mill), where he bought
66
the mill property of John Hamilton, and lived
and died there.
Jacob Sellers, Sr., in a German Bible in pos-
session of the family, wrote on the title-page,
"Come to this plantation in 1793." The next
year after the purchase was made, other land was
purchased by him and his sons. Jacob built a
grist-mill on a branch of the Cocolamus Creek,
about 1790, on the site of the old lime-kiln,
about two hundred rods from the present mill.
On the 25th of July, 1826, Jacob Sellers, Jr.,
sold a part of the land to Peter Shellenbei-ger,
who later sold to William Sellers one hundred
and seventy-nine acres, on which, in 1846, he
built the present mill, now owned by John
Bashore. Joseph and Jacob Sellers bought
of Henry Drinker a tract of land in 1794,
which was sold to Christley Lauver, a son-in-
law. He resided at the mill and continued it
some years. This was the land bought bv
Peter Shellenberger.
Jacob Sellers, Sr., died in"1831. His children
were Joseph, Mary (who married John
Brought), George, Barbara, Jacob, Elizabeth
(Mrs. George Rothrock), Alvah, William, Ach-
sah (Mrs. "Wurtz, who settled in MiiHiu
County). Mrs William Sellers is now living
near the mill far advanced in years. She was a
daughter of Jacob Pyle, who was also a settler
in this region.
Caspar Wistar, of Philadelphia, took out a
warrant for four hundred and thirtv-four acres
of land April 14, 1794, adjoining Samuel Os-
borne, Peter Osborne and Thomas and Bar-
tholomew Wistar. In the year 1814 Jacob
Marks settled upon the tract, but December 1,
1829, bought the whole tract of George Wilson,
who, June 1, 1832, conveyed it to his son,
Luke Marks, who is now living upon it at the
age of eighty-two years. It lies in Monroe
township, near the Hue of Susquehanna and
Greenwood townships. It is now in part owned
by Christian Knouse and E. G. Schaetfer, but
the greater part still by Luke Marks. His
son Joseph lives adjoining, on part of the
Samuel Osborne tract. The Thomas and Bar-
tholomew Wistar tract lay to the west of the
Luke Marks land.
The Samuel and Peter Osborne tracts lay to
882
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
the eastward of the Caspar Wistar tract, and,
with other tracts they warranted, embraced
about two thousand acres, and were partly in
what is now Snyder County. It came to the
jjossession of Peter Osborne, and was known as
tlie Osborne Survey, and was uncultivated and
wild land. On the 8th of November, 1845,
Joseph Osborne, a son of Peter, sold seventeen
hundred and fifty acres of it to Richard Strode,
who, in January, 1849, sold it to Jesse Dickey
and Dr. R. B. Dil worth, of Chester County,
who at once erected a large saw-mill on Ma-
hantango Creek, and began an extensive lumber
business. Dickey soon after returned, and Dr.
Dilworth conducted the business until his
death, a few years later. The property was sold
out about 1859,- in smaller tracts, and passed
into the hands of many owners. In 1877, S.
Snydei-, J. Barges, M. Minich Zandt and others
had saw-mills on the tract which embraced the
lower part of Quaker Valley.
The family of Burchfield now in this county,
descended from Aquilla Burchfield, who, before
the Revolutionary War, resided in Maryland.
He came first to Milford township in 1772 and
])urcliased a tract of land later known as the
Kerlin place, and, in 1774, moved to what is
now Monroe township, and took up land in
Black Dog Valley (now known as Chester Val-
ley) in 1774, where he lived until his death, in
1805, aged sixty-eight. His wife, Elizabeth,
survived several years later. Their children
were Charles, Aquilla, Thomas, James, Robert,
Margaret and Sarah.
Aquilla, Jr., ■ married Elizabeth Cookson.
He, with his brother Robert, warranted a tract
of three hundred and eighty-three acres in the
valley, in November, 1794, and settled there,
where Aquilla in that year was keeping ta\'ern ;
later he removed to Millerstown. They had a
number of children, who married and settled in
other pai'ts. He married Jane Fleming, as a
second wife, by whom he had several children,
all of whom emigrated West.
Thomas married, settled near Pine Swamp
and had six children, all of whom went West
about 1825.
Robert married Catharine Barrichman, by
whom he had seven children, of whom Kezia
became the wife of Samuel Van Orraer, of Slim
Valley; tfohn married Julia A. Hopple and
moved to Mifflintown ; Robert settled ui)on the
land he bought with his brother Aquilla, and
which land later was owned by John Graybill,
who patented it March 15, 1835. It is now
owned by Samuel Keller, David W. Swartz and
others.
James, also a son of Aquilla Burchfield, Sr.,
married Rachel Cookson and settled in the val-
ley for a time, and in 1812 lived in Mifflin-
town; in 1829, moved to Milford, where he
lived a few years and returned to near Mifflin-
town and below, where he died, February 27,
1861, aged eighty-seven years. His wife, Rachel,
died the next year. They had lived as husband
and wife for sixty-eight years. Judge Lewis
Burchfield, of Milford, is a son of James and
Rachel Burchfield.
Samuel Watts was a native of Bucks County.
His father, Samuel Watts, emigrated from Scot-
land and was in the Revolution and was killed
at the battle of Monmouth. Samuel came to
Northumberland County in 1809 and settled at
New Berlin (now Union County). In 1811 he
moved to Greenwood township (now Monroe),
where he purchased a farm of Gottshall,
near where his son Thomas now lives. He had
several sons, — Samuel Watts (ex-associate judge
of the county) lives at McAlisterville, John at
Richfield and David and Joseph at Mifflin-
town.
John Krebs, or Kreps, was a resident in the
valley, where John McConnell now owns, as
early as 1778; later George Kreps succeeded
to the property.
John Niemond, about 1800, purchased land at
the head of Chester Valley, and September 16,
1823, purchased one hundred and forty-nine
acres of Jacob Lukinton, which was warranted
June 6, 1814. His sons were Samuel, Joseph
and Simon, and a daughter, Elizabeth. The
St. John's Lutheran Church was erected on part
of the Niemond land, and is known as Nie-
mond's Church. His grandson John, is now
on part of the farm. Frederick Keller, a native
of Lancaster County, was in the Revolution,
after which he settled many years in his native
county. He came to Chester Valley and leased
JUNIATA COUNTY.
883
laud of John Nieiuoud, and about 1812 boughf
ninety-six acres. His sons were Jacob, George,
Henry, Peter, John, Daniel. His daughters
were Elizabeth, (Mrs. Jacob Sloneing), j\Iary
(Mrs. John Page.) Jacob settled on the home-
])lace ; George and Henry in vicinity ; Daniel
and John went West ; Samuel, a son of Jacob,
now lives on the homestead.
Joseph Page settled in 1792 on the farm now
owned by Joseph, his grandson. His son
Abraham settled on the homestead and for a
time owned the Sellers mill, now Robert
Humphrey's.
Swartz Valley takes its name from a family
of that name, who settled there in 1780, as
Matthias Swartz was assessed in that year on
one liundred acres. Matthias Swartz, Jr., wa.s
assessed in 179(3 on a tannery, which was aban-
doned before 1820. The Rev. Peter Swartz, a
United Brethren minister, is assessed as such from
1805. He had four sons — Matthias, David,
Peter and Jolui — whose sons are residents of the
valley.
Land in the upper part of Chester Valley
was early taken up by Jacob Landis, and about
1805 was sold by his widow to Charles Magee,
who settled upon it. He had daughters, who
married and settled in the vicinity.
Black Dog Valley, as the valley extending
from Little Cocolamus Creek to the main branch
of Cocolamus Creek, in Fayette township is called,
was settled by few people prior to 1 825. Of those
located were Thomas Jones, Frank Shields,
Robert Burchfield, John Hawk and Harry
Auker. About 1856 a number of families from
C'hester County bought lauds and settled, and
the name was changed to Chester Valley. Of
these were Thomas Entrekln, Isaac Crossen, N.
B. and E. Wickersham, Byard Neils and Rufus
M. Ford.
In 1859 the following were the business in-
terests of the township, except farming :
J. & Isaac Ecklin, saw-mill, Little Cocolamus.
Jonathan Gelnet, saw-mill, Quaker Run.
Conrad Markle, saw-mill, Quaker Run.
Joseph Niemond, saw-mill. Little Cocolamus.
Thomas North, tannery. Stony Point.
Patrick Reilly (J. & L. Clenderman,) saw-mill, on
Mahantango Creek.
William Sellers, grist-mill, west of Evandale.
Josiah Snyder, hotel, Richfield.
Christian Shellenbcrger, saw-mill, near Richfield.
Tobias Shull, tan-yard, Richfield.
Joseph Watts, foundry, Richfield.
In 1860 John Deans erected a h^g foundry
west of Luke Marks', which now is owned and
operated by his son-in-law, William Siebert.
The reader is referred to the article on taxa-
ble industries in Greenwood townsliip for
early mills within this territory.
St. John's Lutheran, or Niemond's
Church. — This church edifice was erected near
John Niemond 's in the year 1811, and the con-
gregation was ministered to by the Rev. W. J.
Heim, who had charge, until about 1835, of
many congregations in this and Perry Countv.
The Rev. Augustus Ellmoyer jjreached here for
several years, and the pulpit later was sujiplied
by ministers in charge of the church at Liver-
pool or Richfield. It is now in charge of the
Rev. S. R. Brown, of the Richfield Church.
Mexnonites. — The first church in this sec-
tion of the country of this denomination was
built, of logs, in 1800, on the site of the brick
meeting-house in Monroe township, and M"as
used for both church and school purposes until
about 1815, when it was abandoned entirely as
a school. The house was used until 1868, when
the present brick house was built a short dis-
tance west of Richfield. The meeting-house
in Snyder County, on the Graybill farm, was
built in 1854 ; the one at Lauver's a few years
later.
The first bishop was .John Graybill, a son of
John Graybill, M'ho settled here in 1772. He
was ordained a bishop by Lancaster Conference
in 1808, when twenty-one years of age, and
died in service, in 18.31, aged fifty-one years.
He was succeeded by the Rev. .Jacob Brubaker,
who had been an assistant for several veai-s,
and who served until his death, about 1863.
The Rev. George Leiter was a bishop from
about 1830 until his death, in 1842. The Rev.
Abram Haldeman was made a bishop in 1841,
and died about 1858. Bishop Jacob Graybill,
now living at Thompsontown, was ordained in
1856, and is slill in charge.
For some cause, the congregation became di-
vided before the death of Bishop John Gi-ay-
88 i
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
bill, ill 1831, and two congregations, known as
the Haldeman and Lester congregations, each
elected trustees, who held the property. Dis-
putes have arisen ; the Haldeman congregation
hold the property and the case is now before
the courts. The minister of the Haldeman
congregation, is the Rev. Jacob Gray bill, and of
the Leiter, Revs. Thomas and Solomon Gray-
bill.
Schools. — The first school-house in the sec-
tion -was the old Mennonite Church, built in
1800, which was built for both church and
school jiurposes and afterwards abandoned as a
school, and a new one built about 1815 near
the cliurch, which was used many years. About
1820 a house was built near the Watts farm,
which was known as the Watts school-house.
Edward Hayes and Emanuel Albright were
teachers.
About 1825 a school-house was standing on
the top of the ridge, between Samuel Keller's
and Evaudale. Jacob Keller, a brother of John
Keller, was a teacher. Later one was built on
the corner by John Folkroad's, which was used
until 18o9, when the one now used was built at
Stony Run. A new one is now (1885) in process
of erection on the opposite side of the road.
About 1855 a house was built west of Rich-
field, which was replaced by a biiek house in
1862 and sold to the German Baptists in 1875,
who now hold it. A new house at Richfield
took its place.
Evaudale Independent District was formed
a few years ago and contains two school-houses.
An old school was erected many years ago on
the site of the old store at Evaudale. This
was abandoned and a log house built on the lot
where the present house, built in 1882, now
stands. The other house of the district is at
Cherry Hill, and was erected in 1884.
One of the earliest teachers in the township
was Mrs. Hannah Caveuy, grandmother of
Esquire Reuben Caveny, of McAlisterville.
She taught from 1815 several years at Auker's
Mill, below Richfield, and also near where John
Nailor resides, in the southwest part of the
township.
In 1858 two school-houses were erected, one
at Quaker Ruu, the other at Swartz. There are
now seven houses in the township, — two in
Evaudale district and in Richfield, Walts,
Quaker Run, Stony Run and Swartz. They
contain two hundred and twenty-six pupils.
RICHFIELD.
The plat of land on which the town is located
was warranted July 1, 1776, to Jacob Moyer,
who. May 26, 1791, sold the tract to John
Graybill, who, in 1772, had settled upon a large
tract of land across Mahantango Creek, now in
SnyderCounty. On this tract agrist and saw-mill
had been in operation for several years. He
died about 1800, and December 26, 1808, the
heirs conveyed the tract to Christian Gray-
bill, one of the sons who settled a short dis-
tance from where, in 1818, he laid out the vil-
lage of Richfield. Christian Auker, February
10, 1821, bought lots 20 and 25, and
erected a house. Christian Zimmerman
having built one previously. The family mostly
settled iu what is now Snyder County, but inter-
married with the Wineys and Shellenbergers and
their descendants are numerous both in .Juniata
and Snyder Counties. The village did not begin
to grow until about 1833.
The first store in the neighborhood was at
Auker's Mills, and kept by Clarkson.
About 1833 John Wallis built a store build-
ing, still standing, where he kept store for many
years. A tavern-stand was opposite, kept by
Joseph Schnee until 1844, when it was destroyed
by fire, M. S. Graybill, now of Evaudale, be-
ing the last landlord. John Miller kept a
tavern in the place at the same time. The pres-
ent hotel was established in 1874 by E. C.
Graybill, who now keeps it. It was first used
as a store by Abraham Graybill and later by
Andrew Kohler. In 1859 Tobias Shull was
operating at the place a tannery, Joseiih AA'atts
a foundry and Joseph Snyder was keeping a
tavern.
The post-office at Richfield was established
about 1833, and the following persons have
served as postmasters: John Wallis, William
Boyer, Dr. J. M. Wallis, A. G. Shellenberger,
Andrew Kohler, Peter S. Graybill, A. G. Shel-
lenberger, H. C. Landis, D. G. Shellenberger,
Enoch Shellenberger, Wilson B. Wiuey, B. 11.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
885
Curtis, Dr. G. J. Crouso and Dr. J. W. Decker,
tlie present incumbent.
Lutheran and German Reformed
Church. — The church edifice was erected at
the east end of the town in 1835, and was re-
modeled in 1858. The congregations each
number about forty members. The Rev. J. W.
Siebert, of Selinsgrove, was in charge for
about ten years, and was followed by Rev. Au-
gustus Ellmoyer, who also had in charge the con-
gregations of Freeburg, Frcemont and Mount
Pleasant. He was succeeded by Revs. Hack-
man, John Kohler, J. W. Hackenberger, James
Saudoe, H. C. Heiser, Reed, John Dough-
nut, Reed and the Rev. S. P. Brown, the
present pastor.
The United Brethren Church M'as or-
ganized about 1840, and united with the Evan-
gelical and Methodist congregation in erecting
a church on the east side of the Mahantango
Creek, near Auker's mill, called the " Pine
Church," which was used until 1874, when a
Union Church was erected at Richfield. The
pastors who have served are the Revs. John
Smith, John Uhler, J. Zimmerman, Robert
Arndt and J. W. Buchter. The pastors of the
Evangelical Church have been the Revs. J. W.
Dillinger, James Binckley, J. W. Siebert, Jacob
Miller, T. R. Morris, J. G. Swingle, J. W.
Bentz, Jacob Young and Noah Young, who
now is the pastor. The congregation first wor-
shipped in the " Pine Church," and now in the
Church of the United Brethren, in Riclifield.
The German Baptists in this section pur-
chased the brick school-house near Richfield in
1875, and fitted it for a church. It is under
the same charge as the Goodwill Church. The
school-house now used contains two schools and
was built in 1876.
Independent Order of Odd-Ffllows. —
McWilliams Lodge, No. 702, was organized in
1863 and abandoned in 1878. A liall was
erected in 1873, which was destroyed by fire in
1880.
Richfield at present contains a population of
about one hundred and eighty, a hotel, three
churches (Lutheran, L^^nited Brethren and Ger-
man Baptist), post-office, hardware-store, tin-
store, drug-store, carriage and blacksmith-shop.
two dry-goods and grocery stores and cabinet-
maker shop.
evandale.
Evandale was on part of the Peter Shcllen-
berger land, and was sold to Abraham Halde-
man, a preacher of the Mennouites. A school-
house was built at the place many years ago.
Isaac Haldeman established the store about
1855, and the post-office, wliich prior to this
time had been at Sellers' Mill, was removed to
this place. The postmasters have been Job
and Isaac Haldeman, Roper & Snyder, Byard
Nields, John S. Graybill, and since 1881 M. S.
Graybill. The brick store was erected in 1874.
CHAPTER XXL
greenwood township.
The township of Greenwood, in Cumberland
County, was erected in 1767, and embraced
originally all the territory now in Perrv County
east of the Juniata River except that portion of
the present Greenwood township lying north of
the mouth of Cocolamus Creek, which then be-
longed to Fermanagh township and tJie south
parts of the present townships of Greenwood and
Susquehanna, in Juniata County, the boundarv-
line being McKee's Path, which extended from
the mouth of Mahantango Creek to near Thomj)-
.sontown, and the Juniata intersecting the Coco-
lamus Creek at the Junction of the north and
South branches, when the boundary-line followed
the Cocolamus to its mouth. At the same time,
Penn township was erected, which embraced in
this county about two-thirds of the present
township of Monroe, the north part of the east
half of the present Greenwood, and the north
part of Susquehanna. Its boundary in this
county was ISIcKee's Path and tlie little Coco-
lamus Creek. The greater part of Penn town-
ship was in what is now Snyder Couuly.
The deed of the Wilt and Dimm propertv,
near the Seven Star Tavern, was made Januarv
25, 1772, by ^Michael Wilt to Adam Wilt, of
Betliel township, Lancaster County, and the
land is mentioned as being in Penn township,
Cumberland County. It was in this year, 1772,
that Northumberland County was erected, and
886
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANxXA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Penn township became a part of that county,
and that part of Penn township south of Mahan-
taugo Creek remained in Cumberland County
and was attached to Greenwood, as is shown by
the fact that in 1785 the following names appear
in the assessment of Greenwood township of
persons who resided within the limits of Penn
township as it was first erected : Aquilla and
Thomas Burchfield, John Creps (Kreps or
Grapes), Jacob Graybill, grist and saw mills ;
Edward McConnell, Samuel and Peter Osborne,
John Sheilenberger. In 1789 Mifflin County
was erected and Greenwood to\\nship north of
the county line became a township holding the
same name in Mifflin County, and the part south
remained as Greenwood in Cumberland. In the
year 1791, at the June term of Mifflin County
court, the following described territory was
taken from Fermanagh and annexed to Green-
wood, upon the petition here given, —
Upon the petition of Fermanagh and Greenwood
Townships, Mifflin Count}', setting forth that the
Inhabitants of these townships labour under much
inconveniences on account of the Disproportional
extents and bounds of these Townships, Fermanagh
being much the Largest, we therefore pray that a
line may be struck from the mouth of Delaware run,
at Juniata, by the plantations of AVilliam Thompson,
Joseph Cookson, William Stuart and Hugh McElroy,'
leaving William Thompson and Hugh McElroy to
the westward, and Joseph Cookson and William
Stuart to the east\#ard, and thence northwest to the
Shade Mountain, and that the part of Fermanagh
Eastward of the line thus Described may be struck
off therefrom and annexed to Greenwood Township.
Upon this petition the court appointed Sam-
uel Osborne and Samuel Curren "to have the
divisional line run, and make the report thereof
to next Court." In September following, on
the application of Hugh McAlister, the court
ordered that the house of William Stuart, men-
tioned in the petition, be and remain in Fer-
managh township. At this time there were
but fifty-two taxable inhabitants in the town-
ship, and in 1792 eighty-seven taxables were
reported. The line was ordered run, and the
assessment was made for three or four years,
including the territory as near as could be
done. In November, 1795, notice was brought
to the court that the divisional line had not
been run, and the court ordered that James
Nelson, the surveyor, run the line, which was
done, and in 1796 there was reported in the
assessment one hundred and eleven taxables,
and embracing Thompsontown and McAlis-
terville.
The locations of the persons mentioned along
this line are, as nearly as can be ascertained, as
follows : William Thompson, at Thompson-
town ; Joseph Cookson, in Delaware ; William
Stewart, on the tract where McAlisterville is
now situated and a little south of the town ;
Hugh McElroy, on the tract north, near where
John Shelley now resides.
Samuel Osborne, one of the commissioners to
run the line, lived in the limits of the present
township of Susquehanna, and owned, at that
time, the tract in the southwest corner of the
township, now owned in part by Levi Light.
Samuel Curran, the other commissioner, re-
sided near Cedar Spring Church, now in
Walker township.
The township embraced this territory until
1834, when Fayette was formed from Fermanagh
and Greenwood. In 1836 Delaware was formed
from Greenwood and Walker, and in January,
1857, a petition was presented to court, asking
for a division of Greenwood into three town-
ships ; viewers "were aj)pointed, who examined
tire territory and made a report to court in Sep-
tember, 1857, and reported the division neces-
sary and also presented to the court a draft of
the township as divided. On December 12,
1857, the court ordered that a vote of the qual-
ified electors of the township of Greenwood be
taken on the question of division. The election
was held January 15, 1858, and report made to
the court January 19th as follows : two hun-
dred and sixteen for division and twenty-one
against.
On February 18, 1858, exceptions to this
division were filed : First, That tiie assembly
did not authorize a township to be divided into
three townships upon one commission; Second,
That the act of assembly did not authorize a
vote to be taken on the question of division of
one township into three ; Third, That no au-
thority was vested in court for people to divide
a township into more than one township at a
time. The subject was again brought before the
JUNIATA COUNTY.
887
cour and it was decided that Greenwood be
divided into tliree townsiiips agreeably to line
given and returned by the comraissiouers. No.
1, Monroe ; No. 2, Susquehanna ; No. 3,
Greenwood, and decree granted. This proceed-
ing was taken to the Supreme Court which af-
firmed proceeding of Quarter Sessions, July 24,
1858.
In 1790 the only mills assessed in the town-
ship were John Graybili, (Richfield), William
McAlister, (Brown), John Wliitmer, (Weiser),
and John Hamilton, (now Robert Humphreys),
Delaware.
In 1792 the following persons were assessed
on land. The number of acres are given and
the present township in which they were located
as far as possible :
Caspar Accord, 100 ; James Barr, 200 ; Aquilta
Burchfield, 100 (Monroe) ; Benjamin Bumberger, 200
(Delaware); Christopher Creator, 200 ; Charles Cook-
son, 250 (Delaware); Joseph Cookson, 250 (Dela-
ware); William Cranson, 100; David Cargill, 100
Dimms (in Greenwood) ; Church Hill, 100 (Green-
wood) ; Samuel Frey, 100 (Delaware) ; Gabriel Frey,
135 (Delaware) ; John Graybili, 200 (Monroe) ;
AVidow Green, 650 ; David Hasser, 100 ; Benjamin
Hunt, 150 (Monroe) ; Joseph Jobson, 100 (on Jobson
Run, Susquehanna) ; William Jones, 140 ; Jacob Kin-
ser, 130 ; John Lyder, 150 ; Thomas Leonard, 100
(Fayette); William McAlister, grist-mill, saw-mill,
distillery and slave, 300 (Fayette); David Martin, 150
(Fayette) ; William Morten, 200 (Fayette) ; James
Micheltree, 149; Widow Mitchell, 150 (Fayette);
Henry McConnell, 150 (Greenwood) ; Edward Mc-
Connell, 100 (Greenwood); James Martin's heirs, 192
(Fayette); James McLiu, 150; Charles McKee, 100
(Monroe) ; Samuel Osborne, 150 (Susquehanna);
John Pauly, 150 (Fayette) ; James Patton, 100 ; John
flannels, 200 (Fayette); Frederick K. Rhoads, 100
(Susquehanna); George Eurabiich, 150; Samuel
Sharon, 239 (Fayette) ; John Shellenberger, Jr., 200
(Monroe); Peter Shellenberger 200 (Monroe);
James Thompson, 250 (Delaware) ; Widow Thomp-
son, Sr., 250 (Delaware) ; Widow Thompson,
Jr., 150 (Delaware); James Turbett, 220; John
Whitmer 150 grist and saw-mills (Susquehanna
Weiser) ; Isaac Yost, 100 ; John Robinson, 150 ; John
Hamilton, 170 grist and saw-mill (Delaware) ; Jacob
Thomas, 100.
The following were additional in 1796 :
Aquilla Burchfield, tavern-keeper.
Henry Barnet, saw-mill.
Samuel Davis, store-keeper.
George Evans, 65 gallon still.
Samuel Macklin, tan-yard.
Abraham Page, 188 gallon still.
William Grotes, still.
George Green, 59 gallon still.
Henry McConly, still.
James Patton, saw mill.
George Bombagh, 121 gallon still.
John Shellenberger, Jr., saw-mill 30 gallon still.
Mathias Swartz, Jr., tan-yard.
Isaac Thompson, saw-mill.
Christopher Walters, still.
William Wiley, 30 gallon still.
Joseph AVarden, grist-mill and 40 gallon still.
Taxable Industries.' — The tax-lists of
Greenwood township, from 17(39 to 1831, show
assessments on the following in addition to
lands and stock. The division line of 1789
left in the new county only a small part of the
old Greenwood east of the Cocolamus. In 1792
this part was enlarged by the atldition of as
much as Fermanagh as lay east of McAli.ster-
ville and Thompsontown. These lists are made
to correspond to these enlarged bounds.
GEIST-MILLS.
Auker, Jacob, 1792-1815.
Anker, Jacob, Jr., 1818-31.
Bolinger, Daniel, 1816-22.
Brenesholtz, John, 1826-28.
Bumberger, Benjamin, 1791-93.
Cookson, Joseph, 1802.
Evans, Louis & Frederick, 1803-31.
Gr.aybill, Jacob, 1778-79.
Graybili, John, 1778-91.
Hamilton, John, F., G., 1776-92.
Jordan, Thomas, F., G., 1779-99.
Kohler, Andrew, 1821-31.
Lighter, .Toseph, 1823-27.
Mealy, Samuel, 1831.
Moore, bought of Toops, 1815-16.
McAlister, John, 1826-31.
McAlister, William, Sr., F., G., 1788-1819.
Row, George, 1817-19.
Sellers, Jacob, Jr., 1817-31.
Sellers, Joseph, Sr., 1804-13.
Shrock, Philip, Sr., 1802-3.
Sutton, Isaac. 1820-22.
Toops, John, 1814-15.
Warden, John, 1793.
Warden, Joseph, 1794-96.
Whitmore, John, 1790-1818.
Wilt, George, 1794.
Witraer, John, 1829.
Witmer, John & Martha, 1820-22, 1828-30.
' Compiled by A. L. Guss.
8S8
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
FULLING-MILLS.
Jamison, John, 1828.
Evans, Louis & Frederick, 1803-31.
Jordan, Thomas, F., G., 1790-99.
McAlister, William, Sr., 1819.
Kepner, Jacob, 1813.
McAlister, William, Jr., 1820-31.
Kinzer, Jacob, 1794.
Kohler, Andrew, 1823-25.
CARDING-MACHIXES.
Kuhn, Peter, 1820-22.
Brubaker, John, Jr., 1811-13.
Lauver, John, 1828-31.
Evans, Louis & Frederick, 1803-31.
Leech, Abraham, 1793.
McAlister, William, Jr., 1820-31.
Leonard, Thomas, 1798.
Snyder, John K., 1822.
Lichten thaler, Matthias (2), 1813.
OIL-MILL.
Lutz, William (2), 1822.
Brubaker, Abraham, 1811-25.
Evans, Louis & Frederick, 1803-31.
Meterling, John, 1822.
McAlister, Robert H., 1818-19.
McAlister, William, Sr., F., G., 1782-1818.
STORES AND MERCHANTS.
McGary, John, 1805-7.
Allen, John, 1820-21.
Page, Abraham (2), 1796.
Claxton, Roger, 1827.
Rumbaugh, George (2), 1796.
Davis, Samuel, 1796.
Sellers, Joseph, Sr. (2), 1802-25.
Gallagher, Thomas, 1815.
Sellers, Samuel, 1816.
Law, James, 1825-2<».
Shellenberger, David, 1814-31.
McClure, David, 1830.
Shellenberger, John, 1794.
McGerrj-, Patrick, 1811.
Shellenberger, John, Sr., 1796-1831.
Ramsey, James, 1797-1811.
Shellenberger, Peter, 1809-30.
Ramsey, Manassa, 1798.
Smith, George, 1826-27.
Reigart, Daniel, 1822-31.
Snyder, John K., 1809-13, 1820-22.
Reigart, Daniel & Jacob, 1818-20.
Stuttz, John, 1818.
Rice, John, 1823-24.
Thompson, James, Jr., F., G. (2), 1790-91
; (1),
Ross, James, 1815-18.
1792-94.
Ross & Allen, 1829-30.
Thompson, John, 1828-31.
Taylor, George, 1814-17.
Thompson, Peter, 1817-30.
Thompson, William & Robert, 1829-30.
Turner, John & William, 1817-19.
Trimble, Thomas R., 1823-24.
Walters, Christopher, 1795-96.
Turner, John, 1816.
Warden, Joseph, 1796.
Turner, John & William, 1817.
Watt, Hugh (2), 1793.
Turner, William, 1816.
Watt, John (2), 1805-7; (1), 1809-10.
Wallace, John, 1829-30.
Whitmore, John, 1785, 1814-16.
Wood, Margaret, Widow, 1827-31.
Wikle, George, 1826.
Wiley, William, 1796.
DISTILLERIES.
Wilt, Adam, Sr., 1785-88, 1809-10, 1814-16,
1823-
Albright, Emanuel, 1825.
25 ; (2), 1805-7.
Bargin, William, 1822-31.
Brenesholtz, Frederick, 1829-31.
SAW-MILLS.
Brenesholtz, John, 1826-28.
Auker, Jacob, 1793-1815.
Burchfield, Thomas, Jr., 1788.
Auker, Jacob, Jr„ 1818-31.
Clifton, Yost, 1818.
Barnett, Henry, 1786.
Cox, Paul, 1830-31.
Bolinger, Daniel, 1816-22.
Dimm, Henry, 1811.
Boyer, Valentine, heirs, 1827-28.
Duvale, William, 1820.
Brenesholtz, John, 1826-28.
Evans, George, 1794-96.
Brubaker, John, Jr., 1817-22.
Farleman, John, 1820-21.
Bumberger, Benjamin, 1791-93.
Fry, Gabriel, 1795-98.
Cargill, David, 1795-1800.
Graybill, Christian K., 1825-28.
Cookson, Joseph, 1802.
Graybill, Harman, 1825.
Davis, Joshua, 1805-31.
Green, George (2), 1796-98.
Dimm, Henry, 1828-31.
Groathouse, William, 1794-1803.
Evans, Louis & Frederick, 1803-31.
Heaston, Daniel, 1792.
Evey, Peter, 1820-25.
Holman, John, Sr. (2), 1805-7.
Graybill, Jacob, 1778-79.
Holmau, John & Michael, 1809-19.
Graybill, John, 1778-91.
Holman, Michael, 1820-25.
Haines, Frederick, 1810-13.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
889
Hann, Michael, 1805-9.
Jordan, Thomas, F., G., 1779-99.
Kohler, Andrew, 1821-31.
Lemmon, Ulrich, 1826-28.
Lighter, Joseph, 1823-27.
Lininger, Philip, 1818-31.
Mealy, Samuel, 1831.
Moore, bought of Toops, 1815-16.
McAlister, John, 1826-31.
McAlister, William, Sr., 1786-1819.
McComb, Henry, 1814.
McConnel, Henry, Sr., 1815-31.
McCuUy, Thomas, 1809-13.
Patton, James, 1796-1806.
Phillips, Abraham, 1791-95.
Eapp, Pe.ter, 1827-31.
Rough, Jacob, 1829-31.
Roush, John, 1820-28.
Row, George, 1817-19.
Sellers, Jacob, Jr., 1814-28.
Sellers, Joseph, Sr., 1804-31.
Shellenberger, Christian, Jr., 1829-31.
Shellenberger, David, 1805-7.
Shellenberger, John, 1788-1800.
Shellenberger, John, Sr., 1796-1831.
Shrock, Philip, Sr., 1802-3.
Siders, Peter, 1823.
Snyder, John K., 1817-22.
Stall, William, 1820-24.
Sutton, Is.aac. 1820-22, '24.
Thompson, Peter, 1824-31.
Toops, John, 1814-15.
Vanormer, Joshua, 1825-31.
Warden, Joseph, 1795.
Watt, James, 1797-1804.
Whitmore, John, 1790-1818.
Wilt, George, 1795.
Witmer, John, 1829.
Witmer, John & Martha, 1820-22, 1828-30.
Zellars, Benjamin, 1820-30.
TANNERIES AND TANNERS.
Bonsall, Benjamin, 1802-7.
Bonsall, Jacob, 1809-10.
Casselbury, Benjamin, 1811-12.
Curran, William, 1822-25.
Foreman, Jacob, 1811-13.
Foreman, Samuel, 1813.
Hurl, John, 1825.
Mackin, Samuel, 1796-99.
McGranahan, Jame-s, 1817-19.
North, James, 1811-31.
North, John, 1822.
Eumbaugh, Sanuiel, 1821-23.
Shellenberger, David, 1814-28.
Shellenberger, John, Jr., 1829-31.
Swartz, Matthias, Jr., 1796-99.
Thompson, Robert, Sr., 1830-81.
Vance, Richard, 1816.
Vanormer, Joshua, 1817.
Yeager, Adam, 1823.
INN.S OE TAVERNS.
Atchley, John, 1831.
Beuncr, Henry, 1831.
Burchfield, Aijuilla, Jr., 1796.
Groathouse, William, 1799.
Holman,,John & Michael, 1818. .
Holman, Michael, 1820, '31.
Lichtenthaler, Matthias, 1797.
Mackin, Samuel, 1795.
Marshall, Widow, 1829-31.
Miller, Samuel, 1818. '20.
Montgomery, John, 1818-19, 1831.
Myers, Christian, 1831.
McGary. John, 1823-31.
McMurray, James, 1796.
Ramsey, Manassa, 1810.
Reed, William, 1831.
Shnell, Joseph, 1825-27, '31.
Showers, Adam, 1823, '25.
Stewart, Widow, 1831.
Thompson, John, 1831.
Walters, John, 1796-98.
Waugh, William, 1826-27.
Zimmerman, Christian, 1823.
HEMP MACHINE.
Whitmore, John, 1809-16.
The only grist-mill iu the township of Green-
wood at present, is owned by J. T. Dimni &
Bro., at Dimmville. Application for the tract
of two hundred and twenty-one acres was made
October 20, 1768, by Stephen Marshall, of
Chester County, who conveyed it November 1,
the same year, to his son Thomas. It was ad-
joining a tract of John Minshall. The tract
was patented as "Fertile Valley," July 17,
1795, and sold to David Cargill, with the mills,
mill-houses, etc. David Cargill had warranted
one hundred and sixty-five acres on the heads
of the Cocolamus December 15, 1785, on
which was built soon after a .saw-mill. He had
located on another tract near this laud iu 1774.
It all passed to bis son James, who sold the
property to John Jacob and Samuel Dimm,
who in 1839 erected the present mill. The
store was built in 1854, and kept by John
Dimm and his son, J. F. Dimm. Tiie post-
oiBce M'as established in March, 1878, with J.
T. Dimm, postma.ster.
David Cargill died on the farm, and lef^ two
sons, James and John, the latter settled on a
890
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
farm between Joseph Nipples aod James Cox.
James settled on the mill property and had sev-
eral sous, the most of whom went west. Wil-
liam is now living in Mifflin Connty.
The tract of land now owned by the heirs of
Adam Wilt and by Gibson Weimer and others,
was warranted by Leonard Pfoutz Febrnary
25, 1768, who sold the tract to .John Grain,
from whom Grain's Run takes its name ; Grain
sold it to Michael Wilt January 25, 1772. It
is mentioned as being in Penn township,
Michael Wilt conveyed it to Adam Wilt
weaver of Bethel township, Lancaster
Gounty, September 7, 1773. The property
afterwards passed to Adam Wilt, a son
and Gatharine, the wife of Henry Dimm, about
1805. Henry Dimm settled upon a jaart of the
tract and died there October 10, 1846, aged
seventy years. His sons were John, James and
Samuel, who, about 1835, purchased the Gar-
gill grist-mill which has been continued by the
family from that time.
As' early as 1811, a saw-mill was erected on
the property of Henr}' Dimm, which was con-
tinued many years. A distillery was also upon
the place, and a few years before the purchase
of the present mills, the brothers were operating
a grist-mill and saw-mill on the site where
George Wilt was running a grist-mill in 1774,
and now where George Marks lives on the State
Road.
Adam Wilt, the brother-in-law^ of Henry
Dimm, and son of Adam Wilt, Sr., settled on
the farm now owned by the heirs of Adam
Wilt deceased, a son of Adam Wilt, who pur-
chased about 1805. His (children were Joseph,
Adam, Jacob, Frederick, Eve, Eliza, Sarah and
Hannah. They mostly settled in the vicinity
and died there.
A tract of one hundred and six acres near the
Wilt property was warranted to Michael Metzger,
April 27, 1774, who conveyed it March 7,
1799, to James Rafter, who sold it to Adam Wilt
October 8, 1805. The changes of years again
brought it back to the families, who still own it.
Edward McConnell took out a warrant for
land at the Seven Star Tavern about 1763,
and built the first hewed log cabin in that
section of the country. He had been liv-
ing in his house but three weeks, when he
was compelled to fly with the other settlers to
Garlisle.
He returned in 1767, and at that time Henry
McConnell, his brother, took up on warrant,
November 2, 1767, one hundred and twenty-
two acres of land adjoining Edward McConnell,
and described as being in the Cocolamus settle-
ment. The Edward McQuinn and Leonard
Pfoutz tracts were adjoining. This tract was
patented November 5, 1785, as Mount Pleasant.
Edward McConnell left a son, Henry, who set-
tled upon the tract and sold it, in 1838, to Wil-
liam Cox, whose son Paul now resides upon it,
and near the old log house, which is still stand-
ing. The sons of Edward McConnell were
Henry, William, James and Howe. J. H. Mc-
Connell, now living in the township, is a son of
Henry.
Paul Cox, a merchant of Philadelphia, took
up land north of the Seven Star Tavern before
the Revolution, and his brother William settled
upon it. The sons of William were Alexander,
William, Paul, John and Charles. Alexander
and John went West; William was a millwright,
and for man}' years did not purchase land, but
later bought a farm where Brown & Furrey
now reside. On this place he built a tannery
and continued it many years, and sold to Joseph
Seiber, who, after a few years, abandoned it.
In 1838 he bought the Edward McConnell farm,
where his son Paul now lives. Of his other
sons, William was many years a justice of the
peace, and now resides with his son-in-law,
Joseph Nipple. James lives on the old Henry
^McConnell warrant. Paul, son of William, who
settled here first, was assessed on land in 1790,
and owned a distillery. He died on the place,
and left sons — Lewis, William, David, Thomas
and John. The Seven Star Tavern was built
in 1818 by Peter Stroup. It has been kept by
several, and since 1860 has been kept by Thom-
as Cox.
Church Cox, a brother of William and Paul,
also settled about the same time with the Mc-
Gonnells, on a tract of land lying east of the
Wilt and Dimm tracts, now owned by Jona-
than Frey and Henry Miller. He had several
sousj who all went West.
JUiNIATA COUNTY.
891
Josepli Castle, a native of LondondeiTy, Ire-
laud, emigrated to this country about 1778 and
purchased a tract of land on one of the
branches of Cocolamus Creek, where George
McElwee now lives. He was a justice of the
peace from 1819, many years. He died June
26, 1834, aged seventy-six years. His wife,
Catharine, died October 4, 1826, aged fifty-one
years. They left seven sons and three
daughters. The sons were John, Robert,
Hugh, William, David, Samuel and Joseph.
John, Samuel and Joseph moved to the West.
Robert settled on the homestead for several
years and sold it to John Ettinger and moved
to Lycoming County with his brother Hugh.
William settled where J. J. Castle, his son, now
lives. David married Sarah, daughter of
Joseph Sellers, and setled on the farm now
owned by C. and P. Nipple, and moved to
Michigan in 1878. His son Joseph now lives
in McAlisterville.
The lauds along the northwestern part of the
township were warranted about 17V'4, but not
settled upon by permanent residents until much
later, and then mostly by Germans, with the ex-
ception of William Campbell, who was long a
resident there.
Schools. — The earliest school-house said to
have been in the township was built of logs on
the Stroup farm, in 1788, and taught by
Elder.
About 1810 a house was built at the Seven
Star Tavern, in M'hieh school was taught by
Archibald Stewart and Peter Dawson (who was
blind in one eye and very much of a humorist),
William McComb and his wife, Frank Luke,
Samuel Dimm and Andrew Stroup.
lu 1814 a school-house was built near Car-
gill's mill (now Dimm's), not far from the pres-
ent one.
In 1828 a house was erected near where
James Cox now lives, which was used until the
school system was accepted, in 1836. The
township at pi-esent has four schools, — Dimm's
Wilt, Dressier and Ferguson, — which contain
one hundred and forty-eight pupils.
Bethi,ehem Evangelical Chukch is
located on the road from Salem to the Seven
Star Tavern. It was built about twenty years
ago and is in charge of the Rev. Mr. King,
of Thompsontown. It is the only church in
the townshijj, the St. James Refijrnied and
IjUlheraa being near the line, in Susijuehaniia
townshij).
CHAPTER XXII.
SUSQUEHANNA TOWNSHIP.
The territory now embraced in this township
was embraced in Fermanagh township at the
time the latter was erected. From the township
of Fermanagh, in 1767, was formed the town-
ships of Greenwood and Penn's. L^pon the
erection of Xortliumberland County, in 1772,
the part of Penns township that lay west of the
Mahantango Creek became a portion of Green-
wood, the greater part of Penn's being east of
the creek and in the new county of Northum-
berland. In 1789 it became a part of IMifflin
County, and a large portion of Greenwood
township remained in Cumberland County
(afterwards Perry).
In 1857, a petition was presented to the court of
Juniata County, asking that Greenwootl town-
ship be divided into three townships. This was
voted upon by the qualified electors, January
15, 1858, and resulted in a vote of two hun-
dred and sixteen in favor and twenty-one against
the division.
A full account of the proceedings will be
found in the sketch of Greenwood township.
The township here treated was in the division
called No. 2, and named Susquehanna. The
proceedings were confirmed July 24, 1858.
The township is bounded on the south by
Perry County and the Susquehanna River, on
the north by Snyder County and ISIonroe town-
ship, and on the west by Greenwood township.
The Susquehanna River is on the southeast
border and Mahantango Creek flows in a south-
westerly direction along its northern boundary
and joins the river at Weiser's mill.
Jobson's Run rises in Perry County and
enters the township at the extreme southwest
corner and floMS northwesterly and makes a
junction with tlie west branch of the Mahau-
tango northwest of Orieutal. Kepuer's Run
892
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
rise& in Greenwood and flows easterly to tlie
Mahantango, north of Jobson's Run.
The earliest settlement of this territory was
made on its eastern limit, near the river. Thomas
McKee, who was an Indian trader, took ont,
March 5, 1755, a warrant for a tract of land
above and below the mouth of the Mahantango
Creek, embracing the meadows along the river
and the Half Falls above the mouth of the
creek.
The path known as McKee's Path was men-
tioned in 1767 in the boundaries of Penn and
Greenwood townships. On the 28th of July,
1767, McKee sold the tract to Jacob Segrist, of
Manor township, Lancaster County, for £46
Is. It then contained four hundred and
fifty-six acres and embraced the meadows, the
Half Falls land and three islands, — one of one
hundred acres, now owned by Shuman ; Hay Is-
land, of seventy acres, now Kline ; and the third,
of eighty acres, now Yeager's. McKee died in
1772. The tract was surveyed May 26th in
that year. A portion of the tract, embracing
three hundred and forty-eight acres and allow-
ance of six per cent., was named Segrist's
Meadows. A portion of the tract, where the
Weiser mill now stands and other lands adjoin-
ing, were purchased by Michael Whitmer in
1772, for which he obtained a patent September
11, 1773. It contained two hundred and thirty-
two acres, and was named " Mill Range."
The Segrist Meadows lie on the river and are
partly in Perrj' County, and are to some extent
still in the family.
Michael Whitmer also purchased a tract of
land of one hundred and fifty acres, above Mc-
Kee's Half Falls, and adjoining which was
warranted to Rudolph Shmelzer, August 7,
1766, and returned to Michael Whitmer March
7, 1 772. Without doubt he erected the old
stone mill, saw-mill and distillery at the place,
which, in 1790, was assessed to John Whitmer,
his son, to whom it was left by will from his
father. The deed, however, from the executor,
Jacob Frank, was not made out until March 2,
1793.
The stone house the present residence of
Mrs. Jonathan Weiser and her sons was erected
in 1797, and bears a date-stone, " John and
Elizabeth Whitmer, 1797." John Whitmer died
previous to 1818, and his estate was divided into
four parts, the mill property passing to his son
John, by ^^'hom it was sold to Dr. Samuel
Mealy, of Millerstown. At that time there
was a grist-mill, saw-mill, distillery, a store-
house and the mansion-house. On April 1,
1840, it was sold to Frederick Kramer, who, in
1852, conveyed it to Jonathan Weiser, whose
heirs now own it. The present mill M'as built
by Jonathan Weiser in 1858. A store had been
established by Jonathan and Jacob Weiser at
the place in 1 849, which was kept for several
years. A post-office was established about the
same time, which was continued there until
1866, when the office was moved to the lock,
whei'c it now is. Jacob Weiser estab'ished a
store at the place, and, in 1873, erected the three-
story brick store and hotel building now in use.
The Pennsylvania Canal crosses the township
at this place, and is within the limits about a
mile and a quarter in length.
In the year 1812 a road was laid out from
McAlister's mill (now Brown's) to Whitraer's
mill, at the old fording. A petition was pre-
sented to the courts of Mifflin and Union Coun-
ties, in A])ril, 1814, for a bridge over Mahan-
tango Creek, at the crossing of the road from
Harrisburg to Sunbury. It was ordered built
by the counties at the January session, 1815.
Contract was made with Frederick Moyer, who
completed the bridge in November, 1817. It
was located near the Whitmer mill and M'as
about two rods below the old fording. While
the mill property was in possession of Dr.
Samuel Meally, October 1, 1831, he sold to
Owen Owens and Fi-ederick Kramer, trustees, a
tract of land (the siie of the present church) on
which to erect a house for school and church
purposes. On the lot a log building was erected,
and, in 1871, the present brick Union Meeting-
House was erected. It is known as St. Paul's
Union Church and is used by all denominations.
A portion of the John Whitmer lands, as
they were divided in 1818, now belong to Abra-
ham Whitmer, and lie directly south of the mill
l)roperty. Jacob Weiser also owns a part ; a
portion also is in possession of the Walter App
estate.
JUNIATA COUNTY.
893
Probably the oldest inland settlement in the
township was on the tract in the extreme south-
west corner, now owned by Levi Light, Henry
Miller and James Frey. It was a tract of two
hundred and eleven acres, granted on an a]3pli-
cation. No. 922, to James Gallagher, August 22,
1766, who sold his right to Samuel Osborne,
November 12, 1772. He obtained a warrant
January 5, 1773, and later a j)atent as " Sam-
uelsburg." Itwasleft, by will, to Elizabeth, wife
of George Wood, who, June 21, 1814, sold
it to Morris Howe, a Methodist clergyman, in
whose possession it remained until 1837, when
he sold it to John Ijight, whose son Levi now
owns a part.
The land in the northwest part of the township,
and partly in Monroe, was a tract of three hun-
dred and eighty-five acres, warranted to Samuel
Osborne, November 25, 1784, and sold by him
to Joshua Hunt, December 2, 1785. It is now
owned by Joseph Watts and Edward Shaeffer,
in Susquehanna township, and Joseph Marks,
in Monroe.
The land where the Dresslers reside, and in
that vicinity, was taken on a warrant April 14,
1794, by Casper W. Haines, of Chester County,
and came into the possession of Adam Dressier
about 1818, and Jacob Dressier in 1823.
The land on which Daniel Knouse now lives
was taken up by Martin Doctor, September 15,
1766. It passed through many hands to
Adam Wilt, who lived near the Seven Star
Tavern. In 1839 it passed to Joiin Bay, who
sold to John Rhoades.
Joseph Jobson was located in Turkey Valley
before 1790, where he owned one hundred acres.
Jobson's Run passed through his land, and
it was from him the run took its name.
A tract of two hundred and forty-two acres
was granted on application No. 89, August 19,
1766, and warranted June 30, 1773, to Henry
Zellers, adjoining John Zellers. It was located
on both sides of the Mahantango Creek, was
sold many times and is now owned by Andrew
S. Limpert, Frederick Meiser, E. G. Sheaffer,
Henry Miller and Daniel Knouse.
The land along Turkey Valley, adjoining
Perry County, embracing four hundred acres,
was warranted to Lazarus Wingert, and is now
owned by Mrs. Shaeffer, D. G. Garnian, Levi
Light, Joseph Cain, Moses D. Costeller and
Cliristian Forney. But few settlements were in
tlie township, back from the river, before 1825.
Christian Knouse came to the townshij) in 1831
and settled. At that time Anthony Riioads
lived where Sophia Shaeffer now resides, and
Peter Rhoads where Henry Strasser lives; Job-
son on the Benjamin Long farm ; Morris Howe
on the Levi Ligiit farm. Between Oriental and
the creek, Jolin Roucli, where now George
Leiter resides. Nortiiwest from Oriental, near
where the German Reformed Church stands,
Philip Lininger lived and had a saw-mill.
Frederick Sellers resided where William Faiin-
estock now lives. Andrew Limpert lives on the
Adam Wilt farm; and Simon ililler on the
John Wilt farm ; Jacob Dressier where his son,
Jeremiah, now lives. Benjamin Sellers owned a
saw-mill on the creek, near George Goodling's
farm. There was no school-house in the town-
sliip, except the one just built (1S31), at Mea-
ly's Mill.
The mills in the township, at the time of its
erection, were Nicholas Brown's saw-mill; Jacob
and Samuel Dimm's saw-mill, on Jobson
Run, at the southwest corner of the township;
Christian Forney, on Jobson Run; George
Goodling, saw-mill, on branch of Kepner's
Run; Jacob Lininger, saw-mill, on Kepner's
Run (the saw-mill and a German Refornietl
Church were at the place before 1834). The
mill was abandoned before 1875. Michael Shet-
terly, saw-mill, on Mahantango Creek, above
Weiser's grist-mill. The reader is referred to
the Article on Taxable Industries in Greenwood
Township for early mills in the township.
The churches in the township are St. Paul's
Union Church, at Weiser's, built in 1871 ; St.
James' Reformed and Lutheran Church, at the
southwest corner of the township ; German Re-
formed Church, at Lininger ; Evangelical, at
Dressier; and the Strasser Church, in Turkey
Valley.
St. James' Church was erected on Jobson
Run in 1852, and is in charge from Liverpool.
The Reformed Church at Lininger "s waserectefl
in 1833, of log, and weather-boarded. The
early pastors were Augustus Ellmoyer,
894
JUNIATA AND SUSQUEHANNA VALLEYS IN PENNSYLVANIA.
Sandoe. The Rev. Mr. Brown, in charge of
Richfield Chnreh, now lias it in charge. It was
rebuilt in 1883.
Oriental contains store, post-office and a
dwelling. The first store was opened in 1865,
and kept for ten years by Amos Miller. It is
now kept by E. G. Shaeffer, who also keeps the
post-office. There are at present but four schools
in the township, — Laurel, in the northwest part ;
Prosperity, near Oriental ; Weiser's, at Weiser's
Mill ; Seiber's at the southwest corner of the
township. The township contains at the pre-
sent time two hundred and five children attend-
ing school.
The first school-house erected was near the
river, as early as 1814, near the Sechrist's and
Whitmer's.
About 1834 a school was opened in Linin-
ger's Church. Patterson was an early
teacher. In 1837 Daniel Knouse taught .school
in a house on the Backstresser farm, and was
succeeded by Jonathan Gilnit, Michael Roth-
foug and David Hummel.
A lot was bought, August 29, 1839, where
Daniel Knouse's wagon-shed now stands. At
that time the directors of Greenwood township,
of which this was a part, were Luke Marks,
Emanuel Albright, Paul Cox, John Shellen-
berger, John Niemoud and Christian Knouse.
The house was abandoned in later years, and
one was built near Oriental, which is now used.
The meeting-house and school-house at Kram-
er's Mill was built in 1831 by the people in
the vicinity, and used for church and school
purposes until the one was built about 1868,
opposite the present bouse, at the foot of the
hill, which was used until the present house
was erected a few years ago.
Benjamin Benfert Po.st, No. 316, G. A. R.,
was organized a few years since. Its meetings
are held at Oriental, and camp-fires are held
annually in th.e vicinity.
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